Japanese gardens are fascinating for many reasons like aspects of art, architecture,science,etc.

It is connected with the introduction of improved methods in horticulture.

The following points include the philosophy behind Japanese gardens: Spirit of Nature Poetry in Paradise Spiritual passage Private niches Collector parks

Gardening in Japan started in the 6th century A.D. First aspect-Balance of natural and man-made beauty. Aesthetic view started during Jomon & Yayoi periods. Wet rice farming was considered as landscaping.

Naturalist approach. Scales were used in their design. Used Harmony. Interesting Surprise elements at each turn.

These are very informal gardens. Religion dominated. Miniature representation of nature. Developed around residences. Designs were never repeated. Each garden perceived as a tree.

The factors considered while designing the landscape: The natural forces are always considered. No erosion plot should develop.

This includes the following: Growing medicinal herbs. Plots for raising crops. Orchards. Pens for animals. Rice fields.

A Typical Japanese garden has the following: A pond occupies much of the unbuilt site. Rocks line the shore. There is a pavilion. There is a tea- garden.

This includes the following: Stone lanterns. Stone Basins. Buddhist Sculptures. Wells. Stepping stones. Bamboo fences.

Japanese Gardens are relatively small in scale. Now removed form ecological environmental design concepts. Villas played an important role in Japanese landscaping. Lot of importance is given to nature. Unity was maintained between buildings and gardens by means of pathways. Natural forms or shapes usually created out of wood and stone.

Rocks are smooth and smaller in size. They are heavier and denser. They are scattered in gardens. The following forms are used: Half-Buried, Horizontal, Vertical.

Stone was an important factor in japanese landscape: Iwa-Kura the first natural stones. Used to create ritual spaces. Stone circles were made.

Like Islamic Gardens, gardens in Japan were treated as separate spaces. Expressions related to Zen Buddhism were used. White sand and rocks also played a major role. The atmosphere of mountain villages was created.

Started in the Edo period. Followed the circuit style. This included the use of borrowed scenery. This is more difficult to design than the strolling garden. Eye-catchers like stone-lanterns, waterbasins are used. WAKA is an important factor here.

There are two types of courtyards in Japanese Gardens: Warm courtyards. Cool courtyards. Warm courtyards were designed in North Japan. Cool courtyards were designed in south Japan.

Sun was an important factor. Here Geometric Patterns were used. They were inspired by Islamic landscape architecture. They used Lattice windows, Moon Gates, Bottle glass. Used in winter.

Smaller than warm courtyards. The sun angle was considered. Cool shadow areas were formed. Garden walls were painted like the Chinese Gardens.

The ground is treated as bottom surface. There are two styles followed. Here soil is rarely exposed. The bottom surface is formed by Pavement,Gravels,Pebbles,Grass,Moss & Ground cover. Pavement is made of Brick, Tiles.

The plants used here are Lotus, Cherry and Peach Groves. They are handled in two styles: Shrubs are pruned in shape. Colors are mostly used in terms of greenery. Flowerbeds in irregular shapes are formed.

A historic garden. Vertical planes that engaged the rocks and human view. The white plaster wall served as a frame. Has articulated super structure. The treatment of space is more open.

It is a pond garden . Laid in the 11th century. This is famous for its Phoenix Hall. It is the only living example of Heien Architecture.

Stroll garden constructed in 1895. It is characterized by sweeping bridges. These bridges cross over a spring pond. Well known for its weeping cherry trees, Maple trees,waterlilies.

This garden was laid in the 16th century. This garden can be viewed from within a building. Key features-fortutious crane, tortoise & isle of youth using rock & spring ponds,

Dry landscape garden built in 16th century. Master piece in developing Zen Temples. A panoramic scene is created resembling the landscape paintings. It represents the mental state of a Buddhist priest.

We would like to thank our faculty Mrs.Sridevi Madam and Tejaswi Madam to give us this project in order to improve our knowledge about Japanese landscaping.