Disclaime r Contents I. II. Introduction: The Mafia as a Helpful Context What constitutes a RICO violation? A.

Section 1962(c) Claims 1. 2. Defendant Persons Enterprise a. b. 3. 4. 5. Enterprise / Racketeering Activity Distinction Person / Enterprise Distinction

An Enterprise Engaged in or Affecting Interstate Commerce Defendants' Operation or Management of the Enterprise The Pattern a. b. c. Relatedness Continuity Multiple Schemes and the Pattern

6.

Racketeering Activity a. b. c. Mail and Wire Fraud Bank Fraud Extortion i. ii. iii. iv. The Obtaining of Property from Another And Threats of Physical Violence The Issue of Consent Extortion under Color Of Official Right Extortion vs. Legitimate Exercise of Government Power

v.

Other Predicate Acts Related to Extortion

III.

Civil Remedies under Section 1964 A. Injured "by reason of" a Violation of Section 1962 1. Intervening Factors a. b. c. 2. B. C. Non-predicate Acts Independent Contributing Factors Directly Injured Third-party Victims

Mail Fraud, Wire Fraud, and Bank Fraud - Reasonable Reliance

Injury to Business or Property Equitable Relief

IV.

SECTION 1962(a) & (b) CLAIMS A. Association-in-Fact Enterprises Under Sections 1962(a) & (b) B. C. Injury "by reason of" a Section 1962(a) Violation Injury "by reason of" a Section 1962(b) Violation

V. VI.

CONSPIRACIES TO VIOLATE RICO - SECTION 1962(d) RICO'S STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS A. B. Limitations Period Accrual of a Civil RICO Claim 1. 2. C. Early Conflicting Accrual Rules The Supreme Court's Effort to Resolve the Conflict

Tolling Doctrines