Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
BY :
ARRUM CHYNTIA YULIYANTI
An introductory course of our forests. There are many problems about the
forests in our country. For examples : forest fires and illegal logging. The
purpose of this report is to introduce the problems of our forests, the effect of
the problems, the solutions of the problems and its conclusions. Importance of
forests help control climate by influencing the wind, temperature, humidity, and
rainfall. They add oxygen to the atmosphere and assist in the global recycling of
water, forests help control soil erosion, the amount of sediment washing into
rivers and reservoirs, and the severity of flooding. Forests also provide habitats
for organisms that make up much of earth’s genetic diversity. They also help
absorb noise and some air pollutants, and nourish the human spirit by providing
August, 2005
Writter
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank :
friends.
Motto
Preface ....................................................................................................... ii
List of Figures
FIGURES TITLES PAGES
1. Forest fires in Central Kalimantan on July, 2005. 2
2. Forest fires in Pekanbaru, Riau on Juny, 2005. 3
3. Forest fires in Central Kalimantan on August, 2005. 4
4. Illegal woods on Katingan River, Central Kalimantan. 5
5. Illegal woods in Sampit, Central Kalimantan. 5
6. Illegal woods on Katingan River, Central Kalimantan. 6
7. 51 illegal woods on Katingan River on July, 9th, 2005. 10
PART ONE
Problems of forest
A. Forest Fires
Forest fires is a problem always happen every year in our country when
the dry season comes but until now, government can’t solve this problem and
find the way out. The weather is hot and it makes the fire bigger. Then fire
sweeps through the forests like is happening in Kalimantan and Sumatra islands.
It happens besause many people want to clean their land for build house
or another building but when they suppressed the fire, they didn’t burn it totally.
This problem causes forest fires always happen everywhere. For examples in
Natural forest fires in Indonesia are rare. Most of them are the result of
human activity. The last decade in Indonesia has seen an unprecedented increase
in fire events. These frequent and intense blazes have decimated forests,
releasaed huge amounts of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into the
plantations mean that what were once fire-safe ecosystems are now prone to
intense and uncontrollable blazes. Plantation companies illegally use fire to clear
their land for crops like Palm Oil, which is an ingredient in cosmetics, soaps,
areas allow fires to spread quickly, and the intense heat created is sometimes
6
enough to ignite underlying peat beds. Peat bog fires are almost impossible to
FIGURE 1.
Two sons across the land that have burned because forest fires in dry season
last month.
.
7
FIGURE 2.
Forest fires in Riau on Juny, 2005 and cause the dense fog.
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2. Central Sulawesi 900.00 1,000,000.00
3. South Sulawesi 1,305.25 3,110,000.00
4. Maluku 140.95 250,000.00
5. Papua 200.00 400,000.00
Source : Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation.
FIGURE 3.
B. Illegal Logging
Illegal logging is logging the woods of forest or cut down the trees in the
and Central Kalimantan. Because there were much forests, the loggers used it
with a wrong step (illegal logging). Indonesia get a lost of its forests 4 millions
hectares everyday.
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In our country, the illegal logging laws is mentioned in President’s
Instuction number 4 of 2005. Many wood loggers only want to get a profit
without keep the forest and member with the effect of their activities ( steal the
woods in forest ).
FIGURE 4.
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FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 6.
11
12
PART TWO
Effects of The Problems
A. Effects of Forest Fires
Many effects from this problem, among of them causes smoke and fog.
Mega-fire events can burn millions of hectares. The immense fires thet blazed in
Indonesia throughout 1997 until 1998 are estimated to have destroyed at least 10
million hectares. This included valuable habitat for rare and endangered species
like the Proboscis Monkey, Orangutan and the Sun Bear. The smoke and fog
produced during forest fire events decreases the amount of sunlight and induces
respiratory problems in wildlife. Forest fires also impact on insects and fruit
trees, disrupting the food chain for predators and other species. Wildlife are
more likely to come into conflict with human populations when they flee
burning forests or are forced out to look for new habitat or food sources.
In West Kalimantan the smoke and fog have spread until Malaysia and
causes a protest from people in Malaysia. Smoke and fog cause Sub Acute
forest die and have lost their habitat too. Large fire events can also create acid
rain conditions, further damaging forest habitat. Besides impacts on habitat and
wildlife, forest and especially peat swamp fires release huge amounts of
The impact on human communities is severe. During the worst forest fire
pneumonia and other respiratory ailments as well as nosebleeds, skin and eye
problems. There are also fears for the long term impacts on the estimated 75
millions people affected by the haze, which could include increased rates of
heart, lung, brain, eye and skin disorders over the next decade. The dense smoke
and fog can disturb our activities in schools and offices too. The smoke of forest
fires contain with danger gasses. For examples : dioxine, mcarbon dioxide,
One of the effects of this problem is cause soil erosion. The trees of forest
help absorb the water and control the soil erosion. The processes by which earth
and rock materials are loosened or dissolved and moved from place to place is
called soil erosion. The trees add oxygen to the atmosphere. If all of the trees in
forest have cutting down, it will cause soil erosion, landslide, flooding, the hole
Environment (WALHI) estimated the economic impact of the 1997 fires alone
would be a $US 3.15 billion loss. The fires affected food crops, transport and
relations between Indonesia and neighbouring contries were also tested when
clouds of smoke and fog spread to Malaysia, Singapore and as far as Australia.
We can help WALHI to keep our forests and protect our forests from
provide information about the dangers of smoke haze and face masks,
Work to stop the use of fire for land clearing. Present laws allow
companies to use fire to clear areas for forestry and plantations, as long
prove a fire was deliberately started when companies tell lies that fires
For keep our healty from smoke and fog, we can use maskers
everywhere.
The wood loggers should use tree harvesting and regeneration method and
bring the document. The tree harvesting and regeneration method is a selective
in small groups in a forest stand, are cut at intervals to encourage younger trees to
grow and produce an uneven-aged stand with trees of different species, ages, and
FIGURE 7.
If the harvest is limited too much, however, there may not be enough
feasible. In addition, the need to reopen roads and trails periodically for selective
We can prevent the illegal logging with do the protecting for environment
campaign programs. A reboisation can solve a little of this problem too. No one of
illegal loggers do the reboisation. Many illegal loggers smuggle the woods and
Conclusion
From this report we can conclude that our forests are very important and we
must care the forests and prevent the forest fires and illegal logging. Because
forest fires and illegal logging have many effects. Forest fires always happen in
dry season. It cause smoke and fog, some popullation will die, and cause Sub
contain of danger gasses. Illegal logging cause bald forests, soil erosion,
To prevent forest fires we must stop the use fire for land clearing and we
must prevent the illegal logging too. We can prevent the illegal logging with do
the protecting for environment campaign programs and if the illegal logging
happened, we can protect the forests from soil erosion and flooding with
reboisation.