C Print

I (1935)

1-
- 1.

,

25 : 24.
q p 25
1. x y | " . # x+2 y : pxy = 25 : 24, . . xy + xy = 12
. &
p
25
25
1
2
q = x=y. '
q + = , . . q ; q + 1 = 0. * +
,
q = 4=3
q
12
12
q2 = 3=4. ' -., x : y = 16 : 9 9 : 16.
- 2.
"
a b - m &
.
2. ABC | "1 , CD | - . 2.3 *1 AC
E , BE kCD. '
" BE BCE ", + EC = CB = a.
4 , EB : CD = EC : CA, + EB = m(ab+b) . 2 BCE " .
"
, + & . '
* * ABC
&
. b
& " EC . C .
- 3.
, -" - 1 " *
',
-
"1 , .# " &
" .

"1 - ,
*#5
" 1 .
3. ABC |
1
" (6 BAC = ), S |
". 8"
3 - "
" , + ". 9. ASB ASC

, *
*, 5 " . B C *# AS ,
# .
D | +

*, E |
. BC . '
= 6 CDB "1.
EC = tg 2 .
:, DE = AE sin ' EC = AE tg 2 . + tg 2 = DE
sin '
2-
- 1. ; .
&"1 .

-#
* t1
, 1 &

.
1 a t2
. <1
.
.
2.
.
l . = -" . ,
1
& >
, a , 53 l , -"

1 . 2 .
1 l = t1 v, l + a = t2 v. * 3 ,
l = t2t;1 at1 v = t2 ;a t1 /.
- 2.
, " & -" 3
" " *".
2. a, b, c |
" *" , 3 ** b & &
a c.
&,
" A, B , C
ABCD & *" a, b, c .
: 9. , 6 ABC = 90 AB = BC "
#5 .
2.3 *1 b .# B 3 *# a B 90 (

# ). ' C | + * *1 c -. *1 a .
.
2 : 2.3 *1 b .# B . 3
*
BA1 *# a
* BC1 *# c. *" BA1 A CC1 B
# " ." " ", + ". 9. + "
#5 .
< *1 a . A1 A, "1 . BC1 . @" A. 2 C *
.
- 3. <1 -> 1 "3 1
", " * 1 a,
" " -" 3 - *.
3.
- - b, "
" h. 9"1 ->3 V
a2 h=3. " p " -" - * "
a sin = a cos , . ,
. '
b sin = h, b cos = 22 a b sin 2 = a2 . + h = b sinp = 2 sin(
=2)
2
V = 31 a3 cos 2 . 4 , sin 2 = p12 cos . cos 2 = x '
p 1 ; x2 = p12 (2x2 ; 1). * +
p
** & "1 , x = 21 1 + 5.
3-
- 1. A
: # #, &
# . "3 B
1
+ , &
3 " " - 1,
&" * : 27, 27, 39, 87.
1. a a + d a + 2d a + 3d | * * *, b bq bq2 bq3 | *
* *. #
a + b = 27
a + d + bq = 27
a + 2d + bq2 = 39
a + 3d + bq3 = 87:
2" . * , . , . 3 :
d + b(q ; 1) = 0
d + bq(q ; 1) = 12
d + bq2(q ; 1) = 48:
9. * b(q ; 1) = ;dB
+ "& *:
d ; dq = 12
d ; dq2 = 48:

, q = 3. A
, d = ;6 b = 3 a = 24.
' -., " | +
24 18 12 6B
3 9 27 81:
- 2. E. : " -.# # #,

31
1 . " .
2. a a + d a + 2d | " , h | " , 5 * a + d.
5
,
1 ", (a+2d)h ,
1 ", .
#
a+2d) r. * + "& *,
"
: a+(a+d)+(
2
(a+d)h = 3(a+d)r , . . r = 1 h.
2
2
3
- 3. 2"
- *B
, *, ,
- .
-.#5 1 *.
3. R |
& - *, r |
& p3r .
*. , *, 12
p
p
p3r = 3R 3, . .
, - , 3R 3. # 12
r = 34 R. F ' | "1 , tg ' = RR;r = 4.
4-
- 1. 1:
8 x2 + y2 ; 2z2
<
2z
: x +z2y ;+ xy
= 2a2
= 4(a2 + 1)
= a2 :
1. + *
#5 -.:
8 x2 + y2 = 2z2 + 2a2
<
a2 + 1) ; 2z
: x;+xyy == 4(
2
a ; z 2:
2 .
3
, - , & 2, "
. 2 . :
0 = 16(a2 + 1)2 ; 16(a2 + 1)z
2
. . z = a2 + 1. ' * ."# * :

x + y = 2(a2 + 1)
xy = a4 + a2 + 1:
+ 1 "
* #
*B * ,

x = a2 a + 1 y = a2 a + 1:
- 2. 2 ABC . .1 D AB
"
*" , " AC BC , #5 BC AC F G. E. ,

& 1, " ADG BDF ,
& ,
1 ABC .
2.
" " & 1
-" ADG DBF ABC G" " :
R1 R2
R
AD = DB = AB
R1 +R2 = R , . , R1 + R2 = R. H&* + 2 , - .
+ AD
+DB AB
- 3. . -1
* 120B
*
, " * 1 *# # # . #
15.
* 1 . -" 1.
3. l |
-.#5 1 . E & *

.3 ,
+
& * l=3. H "*, #-
180, ,
" | ABC 45, 60 , 75. BC | * , O | G 1 & ABC . '
6 BOC = 2 45
p = 90, +
BOC | -
"1 *"1 l=3. , BC = l q2=3. Dp |
p
l2 = l p17 .

. BC , S | . '
OD = 3pl 2 SD = SB 2 ; DB 2 = l2 ; 18
3 2
1
F ' | "1 , cos ' = OD
SD = p17 .

A
- 1. E & 1 3 M , N , P , " # * & # (

& ) " , -
, "
*5 .
1 " .
+ .
1. A M , N P # & . O | 3 G . ** ON *1 AM (A | ABC , . 1
"
,
- " ). 9. + "
#5 . = . M
*#, # *1 ON . 2 A | + * 1 *1 1 & #. = -" " ", 1
3 * *" AP ON B . + 1

* *1 ON . & " .
- 2. < - 1 , . "

. E. , . " -

-I , . 1
".
2. @& , . "
-

90,
* -1
# - (G"
# "). + & #
- . 6 , " G
1
. 2 " -
& 1 ", + .

" .
- 3. 2
." * &
: ABC A1 B1 C1 . ** AB * *1 A1 B1 , ** BC | *1 B1 C1 , ** CA | *1 C1 A1 . E. , *"
AA1 , BB1 CC1 # *
1 , "

.
3. ABA1 B1 , BCB1 C1 ACA1 C1 . "
1
& ** BB1 . F * *# BB1 1 , +
** * 1 * 3 ." 1, 1 * *" AA1 ,
BB1 CC1 . E 1 , *" AA1 CC1 **# * * 1, + * 3 1
& . F & * *1 BB1 ,
*" AA1 BB1 CC1 "

. E 1 , + *
1 **# * * " *".
3
B
- 1. A
1 " 1
1 * . ":
x + y = 2
xy ; z 2 = 1?
1. 9. *
, xy > 1. = x y -" - G ",
2. , x y & " x + y > 2pxy > 2, 3
x + y = 2 .& ,
x = y = 1. 2 z = 0.
- 2. 1:
x3 ; y3
2
2
x y ; xy
= 26
= 6:
2. y = kx. A. , k 6= 1. 9. 1
x3 ; k3 x3 = 26
kx3 y ; k2 x3 = 6
x3 = 1;26k3 x3 = k;6k2 . A
,
26
6
1 ; k3 = k ; k2 :
K & & 1 ; k. 2 .
26
6
1 + k + k2 = k
k = 3 31 . +
x3 =p ;1 x3 = 27. 2
#5 *: (;1 ;3),

p
p
1i 3 3 (1 i 3) , (3 1), ;33i 3 1 (;1 ip3) .
2
2
2
2
- 3. <1
13 + 33 + 53 + + (2n ; 1)3 :

2
3. 9
G 1 m
. , 13 + 23 + 33 + + m3 = m(m2+1) . E 1 , -.

G
, + &
m2 (m + 1)2 + (m + 1)3 = (m + 1)2 (m + 2)2
2
:
5 * m + 1 & * 4

m2 + 4(m + 1) = (m + 2)2 *

' -., 13 + 23 + 33 + + (2n ; 1)3 + (2n)3 = 2n(22n+1) , . . 13 + 33 + 53 + + (2n ;
1)3 + 23 (13 + 23 + + n3 ) =
2n(2n+1) 2
13 + 23 + + n3 =
. 2 . 13 + 33 + 53 + + (2n ; 1)3 = n2 (2n2 ; 1).
n(n+1) 2
2
. -.
, . ,
C
- 1. 2"-" 6 ." G B - * 6 1 -, &
# -"1 G .
.-". A ." - & +

? M
." ."# *
G , " .*

1 5
5 1 - G .
& .

* * 1

G

G
." G .
(

.)
4
1. 4- & , -" , * " G , .* .
& . E* &1 1 5 ." B ." &1
# ." -.
A
* "3 1 & "- , #
" G 3
& ( ** + & "

1). ." 3 *
1
# ." -.
. + 1 & *
-,
. * |
*. 2 5 3 2 = 30 ." .
.

* 12- (

+
). 4 .&"

+
12! = 1 2 12. = -" 1 ." , &
12!
5 1

+
. O#-# . 12 1 & #-#
#. 4 ,
5 (#* &
"1), *#5
# . 2 * 60 5 1. + ."

+
12!=60 = 7 983 360.
- 2. A ." - & .& G & n & " G " "? +
.& *, #5 * *

", # * . ." .
2. : (n;1)(2 n;2) .
: n = x + y + z . = x & -" 1, 2, 3, : : : , n ; 2. x y &
. n ; x ; 1 . 1. 2 (n ; 2) + (n ; 3) + + 1 =
(n;1)(n;2) .
2
2 : n
G: n = 1 + 1 + + 1. A
n ; 1 . # "
&" "-
: ,
" *
"-"
; .
# | + x,
, . # | + z . 2 n;2 1 = (n;1)(2 n;2) .
- 3. 8
-. . M (a b) | -5
a b, D(a b) |
-51 -1

a b.
E.
M (a b) D(a b) = ab:
E*
.
M (a b c) D(a b) D(b c) D(c a) = abc:
D(a b c)
3. E&
*
. a = p1 1 pk k b = p1 1 pkk . '

f1 1 g pminfk k g
D(a b) = pmin
1
k
max
f

fk k g :
1 1 g
M (a b) = p1
pmax
k
+
. &
* &
& *
.
F a = p b = p , 3 6 , D(a b) = p M (a b) = p . + M (a b) D(a b) = p p =
ab.
E&
* 3 . E 1,
a = p , b = p ,
c = p , 3 6 6
. 2 +
M (a b c)D(a b)D(b c)D(c a) = p p p p = abc:

D(a b c)
p
II (1936)

- 1. 1:
x+y
5
5
x +y
= a
= b5 :
1. xy = t. < & ,
x5 + y5 = (x + y)5 ; 5(x + y)3 xy + 5(x + y)x2 y2 = a5 ; 5a3 t + 5at2

E* t
t2 ; a2 t + a55;ab5
2 . 1
= 0. * ,

t =
1
2
a2
q a +4b
5
5a
x+y
= a
xy = t:
+ 1 " &

* #
*.
- 2. <
, -."1
* a b, * M .
. M *# c , -" , -."1 *" a, b c,
1
".
2. A, B , C | * *" b c, c a, a b. #
& ABC . * CA CB K L. '
CK = CL =
p,
p | . 9. + "
#5 . CA CB
ACB K L , CK = CL = p. & S , #5#* *" b
a K L. < G,
3 . M " & S . ' *,
*
1 & S -
1 & # ABC , ** * 1 *1 c.
- 3. E. ,
" * "&# * G " ,
.
, "&#5
" ,
* 12.
3. a b | "
, c | .. '
a2 + b2 = c2 . O
,
3
G
3 0 1. + a2 + b2 |

G ,
. a b
* 3. ' &

*
* 4, +
. a b
* 4. A
, ab
* 12.
- 4. A ." - &
1 000 000
.
* 3 "1 ? .
*, #5 * *
& 1, # * &
".
(

.)
4. & #
2a1 5b1 , 2a2 5b2 2a3 5b3 . '
a1 + a2 + a3 = 6 b1 + b2 + b3 = 6.
+ ai bi -" " #. F a1 = k,
* .& * a2 + a3 = 6 ; k
7 ; k . +
* .& * a1 + a2 + a3 = 6 7+6+5+4+3+2+1 = 28 .
2 (28)2 = 784 -.
< " &
.& 1, #5* *
& 1.
F
.& , .*5 *
& 1, & "
100. ' .& *, "
" & *, " &
". 2 &
"1 . " & 1 2 &
0 1 2 3, . . "* ." -B
& - &
5. 2 16 .& 1
,
.
| " .& * " & *. 3 * 15 .& 1, &

. " " &
". 4 .& 1 ." & *
784 ; 1 ; 45 = 738. 4&
. " 6 ., +
-
738=6 = 123 ."
.& *. 2 1 + 15 + 123 = 139 .& 1.
- 5. 2 & " 3 . A ." - &
1 , -" *
" 1 ? (
, .. ,

| . .)
1

| . .

,
5. : 0
16 ( . & *
" 1 ).
O R | G

1 " S .
&, S1 G O1 *
1 " 3
" 1. A S1 S10 G O1
O1 O.
A S10
.
# O * 3 1,
3 "
" 1
* R. E* &
1
,
3 " 3 * R.
+ S10
.
# O * 1 1, 3 23 = 8
." .
O , 5 -
,
*5 .
# #5*
3
" 1. 2 ,

" # *
1 , +
." *
#5 -.. 2 3 "1 , "1 -.
"
*
&
# .
3 *#,
*#5#
# *
" 1. 9" " # * + 1 *1
1
1, -
.
* 1,

* &

1 .
" 1. 4 , &
- " *: 1)
" * B 2) *" * 1 ".
(O
, " # *
1 *1,
& * 3 1.)
2 " , 5 - 16 S10 . S10 S1 *

.. = -" 3 , & .* O0 , 1 ** OO1
S B S1 | + G O1
O1 O0 . ' * " *1,
*5 1 . 3 G ,
, + "
". <
. & * 3
" 1 ( * *

1). + 5 - 16 ,
#5*
1 " 3
" 1.
& , ." & *
" 1
1 "
, #5* , & -" #-" G " 0
16. 8
,
" # * 3 " *", 3 ** &
+ *"
.". A ", #5 * 3
" 1, . # " G
, #5
1 3 " & * , "1 -. *
" 1 #, 1 3
" *. K G
" #
-5 , *.
G
. 1 SR G "-1 .
< # ", " G
#5 * " SR . F
R " SR ,
. 8

R
, SR 3 * G
. 2
+ " 1. 8

R. 4
SR
3 G
, " 2. SR -
G

53 *
1 . 2 + " 3. F &
R
53 - , " -
4.
K . * ."# , " "-
" "3 G

1 SR G "-1 ,
R "
G,
* " "
. * * 0
16. <&
.- * , -" **

* " SR G
.
III (1937)

- 1. :
8< x + y + z
2
2
2
: xx3 ++ yy3 ++ zz3
= a
= a2
= a3 :
1. : (0 0 a), (0 a 0) (a 0 0).

'&
(x + y + z )2 ; (x2 + y2 + z 2) = 2(xy + yz + xz ) ." ,
xy + yz + xz = 0:
(1)
'&
(x + y + z )3 ; (x3 + y3 + z 3 ) = 3(x + y)(y + z )(z + x) ." , (x + y)(y + z )(z + x) = 0.
H "* (1), 3xyz = 0. F x = 0, (1) ." , yz = 0. +
- y = 0 z = a, - z = 0 y = a. P .-# * " ". 2

#5 *: (0 0 a), (0 a 0) (a 0 0).
- 2. E" **
A B
3 . <1 *1 # M ,
-" MA + MB * .
..
2. l |
* **, a |
"1 .. ,
, S | &
a
G B , S 0 | &
AM G M , A0 | , * A *1 l. '
& S 0 * & S , A0 & &
S 0 . 3 * .
" A A0 & S 0 , #5#*
1 & S ,
1 3 G M . & S 0 *
#5 -.. @& , G &
S &

* . AA0 (
). 2.3 .# C & S # & AA0 C B
S 1 D. X | * *" AA0 CD.
3 & S
" XP XQ. '
" & AA0 P AA0 Q " ,
XP 2 = XQ2 = XA XA0 .
- 3.
5#5* *" .*
.. E. , -> +

G + . . & *
.
3. & , ->3 +
61 abd sin ',
a b |
" ., d |
* &
5#5* *", ' | &
.
,
-."1 *,
*5 . 3 - +
&" 3 -.
1
+
#
4 +
, ->3 &
. " * 1=6 ->3
. + ->3 +
* 1=3 ->3
. P ->3
"* *, ** *

* a b ' &
, " , 5 * + d.

- 1. E" , &5

1 *1. = . &
"
. &
, -"
" & * .
*" " .
1. A, B , C |
" , A0 , B 0 , C 0 | G " - " & 1 (A0 | G
& ,
*5 1 . B C .
.). ' BA0 C , AB 0 C , AC 0 B -
" .
x, y, z | " *. '
8 y+z+6 A
<
: xz ++ xy ++ 66 BC
= 90
= 90
= 90:
K 1 *. < , -" 1 x, & &

* " . . F & " . ( " ) " x, y, z , - "
& * *
" -..
- 2. 2 & "1

+
. A - &
, -" "

+
"1 ?
8
2. : 30 -. &
. ,
* &
1 . 10 -
1

+
." ,
*" + 1
" #5
"1 . E 1 , -

,
*#
,

1 "
1. A -
"1 , "1 , "1
3 "1 ", "1 , "1 ",
"
1
3
G

+
B + 3 *
- *
. 3 * , ,
** -
*

+
, & " "1 . E* + &
#5 :
1) " " &
&" *B 2) "
" &
&" *, 5
1 1 & #B 3)
" " &
&" *. "1 1 .& . 2 1 1 .- *. 2 , 1, & *, &
*
" & &" *. K 1 & & .- .
- 3. < 1 .
*# n-
,

# *
1 ?
3. : n(n;1)(n24;2)(n;3) + n(n2;3) + 1 1.
8
3

. 4
"
#
, 1, "
3 "

* , * m + 1,
m |
* 1

3 ", . . &
* *
&
* * *
1 # 1 1. + -5 1, "

* n-, D + P + 1,
D |
1, P | *
1. :, D = n(n2;3) . 3 * " P . O#-1 *
1
#

, G" " .
# " " n-. <- , " " n-
*#
*
1. + P
- "- "3 . n, . . P = n(n;1)(n24;2)(n;3) .
IV (1938)

- 1. 2

" O1 , O2 , O3 A. ' A & *
O1 , * A1 | O2 , * A2 | O3 .
# A3 , # &
& O1 , O2 , O3 .
E. , *

!
A. ;;;! ;;;! ;;! ;;;!
;;! ;!
1. O , ;;
AA!2 = 2;
O;;
1 O2 , A2 A4 = 2O3 O1 AA6 = 2O2 O3 . + AA6 = 0 , . .
A = A6 .
- 2. < 1 .
n 1?
2. : (n3 +5n +6)=6 1. (!
,
"

, #
#

# $ . % "
"

,
. & "

. | '. . )
E& , n *",
. " "
*
.
, .-# (n2 + n + 2)=2 1. E.
3
G 1
n. E* n = 0 &

.
&,
.
* n *",
&

* n + 1 *". 2"

*#. " *"
* 3 n + 1 1,
&
* . "

#-- . 1, "
* n *".
+
*
1 *1 1 n + 1. 3 * . ,
(n+1)2 +(n+1)+2 = n2 +n+2 + n + 1.
2
2
E* 1
.
* & ,
* *". <& . * , n 1 # "
# n *", . . .-# 3
(n2 + n + 1)=2 1. E* n = 0 &

B
(n + 1)3 + 5(n + 1) + 6 = n3 + 5n + 6 + n2 + n + 2
6
6
2
* * " " *.
- 3. #, " . .
3.
ABC # c, " hc . A
B .
&, ABC . -. . C 0 , # C

* AB , . B 0 | , # B
*1 CC 0 . E*
3 -
, AC < BC . '
6 ACB 0 = 6 ACC 0 + 6 C 0 CB =
180 ; 6 A + 6 C 0 CB = 180 ; (6 A ; 6 B ), . . ACB 0 . .
' ABB 0 & , AB = c, BB 0 = 2hc 6 ABB 0 = 90. ' C ** *
1 *

* . BB 0
& , . 1 .
AB 0

180 ; (6 A ; 6 B ).
- 4. A 5 "2 , "*, "
* * 5,
7?
4. : 686
. A " . - 1, 2, : : : , 999 , " 5B
999
5 = 199. . & - 1, 2, : : : , 999 " , " 7B

999
7 = 142. + , " 35, -
" "
&
". 9

999
35 = 28. , " " 199 + 142 ; 28 = 313 , 999 ; 313 = 686
.
2

| . .

,
10
V (1939)

- 1. 1:
8 3xyz ; x3 ; y3 ; z3
<
x+y+z
:
x2 + y 2 ; z 2
= b3
= 2b
= b2 :
1. 1,

b = 0. 2 +

* . *

z = ;x ; y z 2 = x2 + y2 . 2.
* .
, xy = 0. , x = 0, z = ;y
y = 0, z = ;x.
1 " + "* *.
1,
b 6= 0. 2. * &

3xyz ; x3 ; y3 ; z 3 = (x + y + z )(xy + yz + xz ; x2 ; y2 ; z 2 ):
2
9. 1
, xy + yz + xz ; x2 ; y2 ; z 2 = b2 . 2.
*

x + y + z = 2b, x2 + y2 + z 2 +2xy +2yz +2xz = 4b2. A
, x2 + y2 + z 2 = b2 xy + yz + xz =
3 b2 . A* . + 1

1 ", z = 0.
2
q
' -., x2 + y2 = b2 xy = 32 b2 . * + 1,
x = 1 ;21 b,
q
y = 1 ;21 b.
- 2. E. , cos 25 + cos 45 = ; 21 .
2. ABCDE | "1 * , "1 &
1 G
O. A ,
5 . O " + * , #,

25 +
-*. + G1 ;!
OB , ;!
OC , ;!
OD,
;!
OE # *# OA ;1. A
1 ", + G1 2 cos 25 +
2 cos 45 .
- 3. E" A B C . = . A *# , -" *1
B C
+ 1 *1 -" .
..
3.
&, - * ** l .
*.
1. ' l BC .

3 . B
* *1 l, . C
3 *#, # l.
A0 | *

3 " *". ' A0 BC *"1. 2 3 . "
. BC A0 B . 9. + "
#5 . A0 BC ,
.
3 *# l,
*# BA0 . F ** l . BA0 , + **
*.
2. ' l BC .
E ABC
ABA0 C . A *1 B C

*1 l *# A0
*1 l. 9. + "
#5 .
*"1 AA0 H .
1 .1 AA0 A0 H ,

.. F **
p pl = AH . BC , + ** *.
- 4. a ; a + x = x.
4. 9.-**
,
#
x4 ; 2ax2 ; x + a2 ; a = 0:
a +
. * ,
*:
a = x2 + x + 1B
a = x2 ; x:
* +
" * x, " *:
x12 = ; 21 q a ; 43 B
x34 = 12 a + 14 :
11
- 5. E. , * - & &

1 " 1,
" . 1 & ".
5. AD, AM AH | - ,
" ABC . ,
, D0
| * *1 AD 1 & # + . '
D0 |

BC , + MD0 k AH . 9. +

, D & . MH .

- 1. .& G " G" & "&
a10 + a5 + 1:
1. : (a2 + a + 1)(a8 ; a7 + a5 ; a4 + a3 ; a + 1).
- 2. E"
1 x G " +G . .

1 x 3 " +G , . "
* * 4. E. ,

. +G " 3 " ,
|
3 "1.
2. 9. , +G " .
*
* * 4,
,

3 "1 +G . <&
. ,
3 " +G .

&, - 3 " +G ". &
"1 +G

* 2. 2 . " an xn + an;1 xn;1 + + xr bmxm +
bm;1 xm;1 + + xs . F .

" " . &
"1 +G

* 2, an bm xn+m + + xr+s . ' -. .

" +G xr+s 3 , #.

- 3. E"
A B & . <1 & X , -" *" AX
BX &
CD, #
1 *1 MN .
3.
&, " - # X . ** AX
#
& S C , ** BX | D.
3 . D *#, #
*1 AB B & S 1 K . ** KC *#
AB P . ' APC AXB
-", A -51 6 APC = 6 CKD =
6 CXD. 9.
-* +
, AP AB = AC AX .
9. + "
#5 .
3 . A *#, #5# & S " C 0 X 0. '
AP AB = AC AX = AC 0 AX 0 , + " &
P . E , . CDK ( &
*" AB MN ). + " .

" KC , . , " & & S 0 , * & "1 G ,
& S , *
" KC .
* . P # & S 0 ,

C .
- 4. <1
* 7
1010 + 10(10 ) + 10(10 ) + + 10(10 ) :
2
10
4. , 106 1 (mod 7), 103 + 1

* 7, 10k 4 (mod 6) k > 1,
99 : : : 96 3
* 3. , 1010k 104 (mod 7) k > 1. + - "1

* 10 104 = 105 7. K 5.
- 5. E *
. 9. .1 P 3 *
*
*. E. , . P
*
*
* 1
" . "- P .
5. Q | *
", Q | *
* Q, . P , #
", R |
*,
5 - + 1 , &5 Q. '
PQ = PR tg ',
' = 6 PRQ. H '
| + *. E* 1
"

& . + &
. ,
* , &5
",

#5 &
: RE* #-1 P , &5 1 , *1 P

& .S = -"
. + &
,
. & "1 ,
* . . P ". A
1
12
", 5

1 + * ( 5
). A
1
", .
* " *1 P

" .

- 6. < - 1 & .- * # ?
6. : 30 1.
an | - 1, " .-# n & 1, bn | -
1, " .-# n . :, a2 = 2 b2 = 2. & ,
an = an;1 +2(n ; 1) bn = bn;1 + an;1. &
. , 1 -
-
,
& # *
1 , , "
" # *
1 " # -5 1 & . E 1 ,
1
& , & ( ").

n & 1, . " # *
1 . T
. . * & .-# - an;1 1, 3 .& G*,

.-# an;1 1. T* & " &
- 2n ; 2 , 3 1,
* 2n ; 2, .& . '
* .-# # & 2n ; 2 1B &
* + 1 &
-*
# .- * ". + an = an;1 + 2(n ; 1). bn = bn;1 + an;1
." * . ' -., a2 = 4, a3 = 8, a4 = 14 b2 = 4, b3 = 8, b4 = 16, b5 = 30.
13
VI (1940)

7 | 8
- 1. .& & : (b ; c)3 + (c ; a)3 + (a ; b)3 .

1. : 3(b ; c)(c ; a)(a ; b).
- 2.
M
P
3 5 , P
M 7 . A
1 -
" # " M
P ?
2. : 35. v | * , u |
, l | *
M
P . # u+l v = 5 u;l v = 7B - * 1 l=v. 9. " 1
l = 5u + 5v, l = 7u ; 7v
l=v = 35.
- 3. A * * .
G " 1
100 # ?
3. : 24. A
1
100 20 ,
*5* 5, 4 ,
*5*
25 ( ,
*5* 125,
). + .

* 524
* 525 . : & ,

* 224.
- 4.
"
& , #5#*
1 *1
1 & .
A 1 + .
?
4. r |
"1
, R O |
G
1 & . U 1
& & & S
jR rj G O. A
1 ", 3 G &
*1 l, 1
1 *1
3 1 3 * rB *"
. O#-*
* & S *1 l & & G 1 & .
&
0
8 1.
9 | 10
- 1. 1:
(x3 + y3)(x2 + y2)
= 2b5
x + y = b:
1. xy = t. '
x2 + y2 = b2 ; 2t x3 + y3 = b(b2 ; 3t). + b(b2 ; 2t)(b2 ; 3t) = 2b5. F
b = 0, x = ;y. F b 6= 0,
* t
(b2 ; 2t)(b2 ; 3t) =
2b4. ,
t1 = b2 , t2 = ;b2 =6. 3 * . , x y **# * *

* X 2 ; bX + t = 0.
- 2. 2 G " ""
*
, *
G".
, * G
206 788- .
2. : G 7.
." 9,
." 99 ; 9 = 90, 3 ." 999 ;
99 ; 9 = 900, "3 ." 9000 .
.
." .1 " *
" 9 ,
." 90 2 = 180 , 3 ." 900 3 = 2700 , "3 ." 9000 4 = 36 000 ,

* ." 90000 5 = 450 000 . + #5* G
& * .
.
U",
&5 - "3 ." , # 1
9 + 180 + 2700 +
36 000 = 38 889. . 206 788 ; 38 889 = 167 899 & .
5 : 167 899 = 5
33 579+4. 9 #5* G
& 33 580- * . , . . 43 579 (
* . | + 10 000). 2 + #5* G 4- .
- 3. & ,
# " . A 1
.
?
3. : 7 1 ( "&
).
A, B , C , D |
" , S | * & .
S & k
"
,
# & 4 ; k
" . @" -

,
" &

1 & ( S & .* #-# & & G B * - 1). ' -., 1 6 k 6 3. @"
5 ."
& * # S : 2 + 2 1 + 3.
A B &
& S , C D |
#.
U & S ** * O *
"
* . AB
14
CD.
& S

. OA OC . = "
& .- " * -, + " 3 *.

A, B C &
& S , D |
#.

3 . A, B C & . O R | 3 G
. ' O ** *
G 1 & ,
1 &
R OD.

. "3 & "- "* -, + " 4 *.
- 4. 2
"
*" . <1 , . *1
" + *" .
..
4. a | .
"1 .. ,
, *
" *" l1 l2 *", " l1 l2
3 " * a, -.# * M1 M2 M3 M4 .
& , M@' |
& * + *. . X
*" XA1 XA2
" *" l1 l2 . , , XA1 ; XA2 = a. 2.3
A1 X B , A1 B = a. '
BX = XA2. M | * *1 l2 *1,

*5 1 . B *1 l1 (M | +
. M1 , M2, M3 , M4 ). '
MX
| - BMA2 .
- 5. T n ." * .
G " 1
n # .
<1 3 ." , " G.
5. : 145. N = 100x + 10y + z | ,
* N = x! + y! + z !. =
7! = 5040 "3 . , +
G N
6. + N
700. <

G N
5, 6! = 720. < 3 4! = 72 < 100
." , * -"
G N 5. + x 6= 5, 3 5! = 360 < 500. K
." & , x 6 3. 8 , x 6 2, 3! + 2 5! = 246 < 300. = 255

* # .
,
G 5, x 6 1,
2! + 5! + 4! = 146 < 200. ' 1! + 5! + 4! = 145 < 150, y 6 4. A
, z = 5. H "*,
x = 1 0 6 y 6 4,

N = 145.

7 | 8
- 1. <1 "3 . , **#5 * "

, ,
" G"

" &
-1

& .
1. a | * * G", b | * 3 *. '

11(b + 100a), + b + 100a = 11x2
* x. 4 , 100 6 b + 100a 6
908, . , 3 6 x 6 9. 2"**
" 33 44 : : : 99, ,
.
- "1
: 882 = 7744.
- 2. ' A, B , C | " & . '
D & 1
AB . DC = AD + BD. E. .
2. &
. , 6 ADC = 6 ABC = 60, + " # *

&
. P 6 BDC = 60. & . CD K L , -"
BDK ADL -" ". ' ADB ALC "
&

. + CL = DB , . , DC = DL + LC = AD + BD.
- 3. E" "3 1 " , . . " # "3 , "
, - . & " 1.
3. A . "3 +. *
"3 ,
. .???.
+ ABCD |
" ;!
AB ;!
BC
"

# .

, & " # , + "
& & " # .
- 4. A 5 G " x, y, .#3 " &
1 1000, , x2 + y2
* 7.
4. : 1422 = 20164. = x2 + y2
* 7

,
- x
y
* * 7. E 1 ,
G
7
3 0, 2 4. 4
G " , .# " &
1 1000
*5* 7, 142. +
1422 = 20164.
15
9 | 10
- 1. < - , .3 , .* . 9. + -
"
* * , .3 5 * . *".

1.
1. : 1 n,
n | - ,
*
n < 180.
S A, #5 .* 1 .3
+ . 2 . A
* *1 SA .3 +
*
*1 SA B1 , : : : , Bn , 6 ASBk = k 2 P
#
*1 SA .3 C1 , : : : , Cn , 6 ASCk = k 2 . < Bk

1 Ck B
*
3 1 .
- 2. = - : 300! 100300?
2. : 300! >; 100300 .n
A
& , 1 + n1 < 3
* #- n. E 1 ,
n
1
n ; 2) 1 + <
1 + n = 1 + n n1 + n(n2; 1) n12 + n(n ;21)(
3
n3
< 1 + 1 + 12 + 41 + 18 + : : :
n2;n1 < 12 , n3;n2 < 12 , n4;n3 < 12 .
.
9.
.
,
n + 1 n+1 n n
n + 1 n n + 1
:
=

< n + 1:
3
+
G 1 n n3 n < n!. 3 *
n = 300.
- 3. U O 1 ABC & & * &
1 . . " O1 , O2 , O3 ABC ,
3 .
3. O1 , O2 O3 " O BC , CA AB . ,
, A1 , B1 C1 |
" BC , CA AB . '
BC kB1 C1 kO2 O3 OA1 ?BC .
+ OO1 ?O2 O3 . P OO2 ?O1 O3 OO3 ?O1 O2 . ' -., O | * " O1 O2 O3 . O,

"
*" . OO1 ,
OO2 , OO3 . K *" -.# ABC .
- 4. E. :
a1 + a2 + a3 + + an;1 + an > nB
a2 a3 a4
an a1
(a1 , a2 , : : : , an | & " ).

4. = b1 = a1 =a2 , b2 = a2 =a3 , : : : , bn = an =a1 & " .
1.
+
1. A &

+ 1, . . n.
- 5. A 5 & " G " x, 10 000,
* " 2x ; x2
* 7?
5. : 2857.
* 7 2x x2 *# *
3 7,
+
* 7 2x ; x2 *# *
21. A
x 1
21
"
* 7 2x x2
# 6 . +
1
9996 =
7 476 476 6 = 2856 - " . <
* . 1

." , . * 9997, 9998 9999 9998
-
- " 1 .
16
VII (1941)

7 | 8
- 1. "

, "
*5 .
1 ",
.
1. ABC | "1 , AH | " , AM |
, R |

, O | G . *"1 AHM . . 2
. M
* l *1 MH . ' O ** * 1 * *1 l & #

R G A. 2 " B C **# * * *1 MH & #

R G O.
- 2. E 523 : : : G" , -" .
7, 8
9.
2. : 523 152 523 656.

&
* 7 8 9 = 504.
523 000 504 : 523 000 =
1037 504 + 352. 504 ; 352 = 152, 504
* * 523 152 523 152 + 504 = 523 656. E
,
*5* 504,
523 000
523 999 .
- 3. E "3 B A, B , C , D |
"
" , P , Q |
"
1. E. , BCP ADQ.

3. . AD CB "
1 .
1,
3
".
. DQ BP "
1 . "3 ,
3
".
. AQ CP & " "3

+ 1
".
- 4. = . P , &5# & ,
* * .&" *" , #5
+ & . <1 &

, " & # + *".
4. O | G
1 & , M |

", 1 & *1,
*5 1 . P . '
6 PMO = 90. + & | &

OP , &5*
1 & .
- 5. E. , .
"
" G "
G 1
3
"1
.
5. E . ,
n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + 1 = n(n + 3) + 1 2 :
9 | 10
- 1. A. .
2
* 7 | 8 .
- 2. < "
". E. , G " &

.
2. P , Q R | G "
, " DA, AB BC
" A. O , 6 PAQ = 90 + = 6 RBQ, . , VPAQ =
VRBQ. A " AQ BQ +
*", + PQ?QR.
- 3. E. , G " +G
a0 xn + a1 xn;1 + + an;1 x + an
#51 x = 0 x = 1 3 " . *, G " 1.
3. P (x) = a0 xn + a1 xn;1 + + an;1 x + an . # an = P (0) a0 + a1 +
+ an = P (1) 3 ". F x | 3 , P (x) an (mod 2). F x | 3 ,
P (x) a0 + a1 + + an (mod 2). 2 - * , P (x) 3 , +
& -" #.
- 4. ABC M N | * " AM BN | *1,
1 & AB .
4. ' M N & &
AB . U O + 1 & ** *
1 * *1 AB

* . NM , + " &
17
. ' A B **# * * *1 AB & G O,

*5 1 . M . + A B & . ' C + *
* *" AN BM .
- 5. :
jx + 1j ; jxj + 3jx ; 1j ; 2jx ; 2j = x + 2:

5. : x = ;2 x > 2.
F x > 2, &
.
F 1 6 x < 2, 4x = 8, 1
.
F 0 6 x < 1, ;2x = 2, 1
.
F ;1 6 x < 0, 0 = 2, & -" .
F x < ;1, x = ;2.
- 6. A 1
x ?
sin x = 100
6. : 63.
&
, & " 1 G " 1, 53
x ,
0. +
-
*, & " 1 31. F sin x = 100
jxj = 100j sin xj 6 100. G1 y = x=100 y = sin x. H Ox 0
100

& 15 .
1 2
.
1 2. * ." ,
-
*, .
1 2

*, &
.
" 14 .
1 2
*. 2" * ."# ,

.
- , + 3 &
*. 2 31 & "1 .

7 | 8
- 1. E. , . 5 ."

.* & *.
1.
&, . ."
& *. "1 1
Q. A
1 . -5#
-
A. A
A "
.
" "
Q. -.1*
& -" . "
B , - "

Q. 53
, "1
& -" .
C , . 53

, "1
& -" .
D. + &

A D & -"
R
GS ( . .
" A D
&" -5# G),
* . * R
GS
-* -"
, "1
Q.
9 , . * ."
& & *, "
. ,
&" -" & ": "1 1

* G , "#
"

, -.*
#5# G# ( # 1):
-------------|
| A |
|
|-------| D |
| | Q |
|
| B |--------|
| | C
|
|------------|
q, a, b, c, d |
"
. '
a = b + q, b = c + q, c = d + q, d = a + q. A& +
, 5q = 0. K & -" .
- 2. E ABC . ' - * . . 1 , -",
+
# , . & -" & & ABC .
2.
18
- 3. E ABC . ' M , &5* ,

& * BC
* 1 CA, . AB

* 1 BC , .
CA .
. E. , . *

& , 1 + .
3. A1 , B1 , B2 , C2 , C3 , A3 , A4 , B4 , : : : |
"
ABC . ' A1 B1 kAB2 , B1 B2 kCA1 B1 C kB2 C2 , AB2 C2 * .
A1 B1 C " . P A3 BC3 * . AB2 C2
" , A4 B4 C | . A3 BC3 . < A1 B1 C & .
A3 BC3 " . + A1 = A4 , . . * .3 *. (F
M &
1 .
1 ABC , * .3 * "3
.)
- 4. <1 G a,
(x ; a)(x ; 10) + 1
. * .
(x + b)(x + c)
& 1 G " b c.
4. (x ; a)(x ; 10) + 1 = (x + b)(x + c). & x = ;b, (b + a)(b + 10) = ;1.
= a b G " , + b + a b +10 & G " . = ;1
* *
.
*
& 1
* -. A
: 1) b + 10 = 1 b + a = ;1B
2) b + 10 = ;1 b + a = 1. + a = 8 a = 12. 2 (x ; 8)(x ; 10) + 1 = (x ; 9)2 ,
(x ; 12)(x ; 10) + 1 = (x ; 11)2 .
- 5. E. ,
#- p > 3
12
1.
5. , &
p > 3
6. &
2 4, -" -" 3 . &
3,

-" 3. , p > 3
6
3 1 5, . .

6n 1B

36n2 12n + 1.
- 6. ABC H1 , H2 H3 , " **# * "
& * * " .
6. H1 , H2 H3 " * " H BC ,
CA AB . " .
#5 : ABC "1,
" **# * * 1 & H1 H2 H3
& * - , , , A 1, . H1 & - ,
. H2 H3 | - " .
@" * .- * . H" BHC CAB #
*" ", + *# 180. , 6 BH1 C + 6 BAC = 180, . .
H1 & 1 & ABC . P
." *, H2 H3
& & 1 & ABC , + " & ABC H1 H2 H3
# . E , 6 AH1 H2 = 6 ACH2 = 6 ACH3 = 6 AH1 H3 , + H1 A |
- H1 H2 H3 . E* H2 A H3 A
. .
9 | 10
- 1. E. , . ."

.* & *.
1.
& .
1
* 7 | 8 , .* , &
.. @"
& . ,
&" -" & " "1 1
#5
".
+ . ."
& & *,
&"
-" & " :
-------------|
| E |
| A |----|-------| D |
| | Q |
|
| B |--------|
| | C
|
|------------|
19
<

D E -5* ", + ". P #
"
.".
- 2. < & , &
" 3 . &
.#
r = 1. E. ,
& .#
1.
2. ,
&51
" . 8

, + .&. R |
. < G + &
1 1

" . 1,
G &
A
B . :, |
&" . 2.3 #
# C .
@"1
,
&5 A, B C , R, + R 6 1.
1,
G &
" A, B C . '
ABC "1, & -" -"
,
&5
" .
+ "1
,
&5 A, B C , R. G 1,
G & 1 1 "
" . 1 , 2 , : : : , n |
" "
"
, "
" .-# G . F "

"
- 180, 3 -5# . & ,
n > 4 *
"

1
3 *.
&, 1 + 2 > 180,
2 + 3 > 180, : : : , n + 1 > 180. A& + , 2(1 + 2 + + n ) > n 180,
. , 4 180 > n 180. . ' -., G &
-

&"
" , -
" , **#5 *
. ' " & .-.
- 3. <1 " * " &
-1 G " a, b, c, -" "&
x(x ; a)(x ; b)(x ; c) + 1
. .

G " +G .
3. x(x ; a)(x ; b)(x ; c) + 1 = P (x)Q(x),
P (x) Q(x) | " G "
+G . :, P (x) Q(x) | " +G 1. x = 0, x = a,
x = b x = c P (x)Q(x) = 1, . . - P (x) = 1 Q(x) = 1, - P (x) = ;1
Q(x) = ;1. 2 - * P (x) ; Q(x) = 0. A P (x) ; Q(x)
;
; "3 ,
+ P (x) = Q(x)
* x. ' -., x(x ; a)(x ; b)(x ; c) = P 2 (x) ; 1 = P (x) + 1 P (x) ; 1 .
+ P (x) 1 = x(x ; a) P (x) 1 = (x ; b)(x ; c), . . x(x ; a) ; (x ; b)(x ; c) = 2 ("
. *, #5 * 1 a, b, c). A
, a = b + c bc = 2.
2 .
#5 -" . 1 (a b c): (1 2 3), (;1 ;2 ;3), (1 ;2 ;1), (2 ;1 1).
9 #
#5 .& * x(x ; a)(x ; b)(x ; c)+1: (x2 ; 3x +1)2, (x2 +3x +1)2,
(x2 + x ; 1)2 , (x2 ; x ; 1)2 .
- 4. G "
x + y = x2 ; xy + y2 :
4. : (0 0), (0 1), (1 0), (1 2), (2 1), (2 2).

x:
x2 ; (y + 1)x + y2 ; y = 0:
E + * ;3y2 +6y +1. G y > 3 y 6 ;1. +
*
y .&" . *: 0, 1, 2. E* &
. + . 1 ,
*.
- 5. 2
"
5#5 *
*" *" . <1 &

.
1
", G" " & + *".
5. a | * &

" *", d |
" .. 2"-
, -" 1 *1
" (x 0 0), 1
*1
" (0 y a). < # " ,
* " x2 + a2 + y2 = d2 , . .
x2 + y2 = d2 ; a2 . A
" . G
p(x 0 0) (0 y a)
" (x=2 y=2 a=2), + & | &
d2 ; a2 =2 G (0 0 a=2),
& * z = a=2.
- 6. *"1

,
3
" . 2
2
6. a b |
"
, x y |
" . '
x4 + y2 = a2 x2 + y4 = b2 .
+ x2 = 16b215;4a2 y2 = 16a215;4b2 .
20
VIII (1945)

7 | 8
- 1. .
a128 ; b128 (a + b)(a2 + b2 )(a4 + b4 )(a8 + b8 )(a16 + b16 )(a32 + b32 )(a64 + b64 ).
1. : a ; b. O , " & (a + b)(a2 + b2) : : : (a64 + b64) (a ; b),
a128 ; b128 .
- 2. E. , #- G & n
1
1
1
n + 1 + n + 2 + + 2n
- 21 .
1 > 1 , 1 > 1 , : : : , 1 > 1 1 = 1 . 2
2. A& n ; 1 n+1
2n n+2
2n
2n;1
2n
2n
2n
. - .
- 3. E. , ." & G, - *
,
3 "1
. <1 .
3. : 29, 38, 47, 56, 65, 74, 83, 92.
10a + b | . # (10a + b) + (10b + a) = 11(a + b) ** *

k. '
k
* 11, . , a + b &
* 11. < a + b 6 18, +
a + b = 11.
- 4. E. , . 1 .* . .
" .
4.
&, . CD . . . 1 ABC
"
ACD BCD. K # , , " 5
, + AD = BD.
4 , CD -5*. A
, * " ", . . AC = BC .

#.
- 5. 4
& *, #5* . ,
" -5 "
*
" &
-1. E. , "3 " &"
".
5. O | * & 1, A D | * & *
1
1, B C | *
1 1 ( A B &
1 & , C
D
1).
3 . O -5# # & *. *"
BC AD P Q. E " ,
3 " .
1 & , ", +
PB = PO = PC QA = QO = QD. 9. +
, : 1) . PQ ** *
1 1
G ABCDB 2)
. PQ
BC AD. 3 * . ,

1 G ABCD
3 1 AB CD.
9 | 10
- 1. .
a2k ; b2k
(a + b)(a2 + b2 )(a4 + b4 ) : : : (a2k;1 + b2k;1 )
1. : a ; b. O , & (a + b)(a2 + b2 ) : : : (a2k;1 + b2k;1 )

a ; b, a2k ; b2k .
- 2. <1 3 . , ** G * * G", *#5
( & *
).
2. : 376 625.
N | . '
N 2 ; N = N (N ; 1)
* 1000. = N N ; 1 .
" , +
.
* 8,
125. N = 125k. '
k 6 8. A

125k ; 1, k = 1 : : : 8, 624
* 8. N ; 1 = 125k. '
N = 125k +1,
+ k 6 7. A
125k + 1, k = 1 : : : 7, 376
* 8.
F N 2 ; N = N (N ; 1)
* 1000, N k ; N = N (N k;1 ; 1) &
* 1000,
k
;
N 1 ; 1
* N ; 1.
21
- 3. A 1 *

x2 ; y2 = 0
(x ; a)2 + y2 = 1
, -5 *, " *. . * a 1 " *

?
3. p
: 1 *
3 a = 1, 1 *

a = 2.
9. * y = x.
+ "& ,
(x ; a)2 + x2 = 1:
(1)
= 1 " *
3 ,
. 1 * (1) -5 * .

(1) x = 0, a2 = 1, . . a = 1. = 1 " *

,
(1)
"1
( . .

#5 *). * #
p
* (1), a = 2.
- 4. *"1 ABC
& * , " B C
.*
* . E. , & A ** * .
1
.
4. O |
* . ' O A & &

BC , + 6 AOB = 6 ACB = 6 C . 9. +
, A
& * *1, -.#5 1
1
* , "1 6 C . 2 1 & * ** A

O " . BC BA. E 1 , OA = BC sin ',
' =
6 OCA. H ' . * * 6 C
90 + 6 C = 180 ; 6 B , + - . sin '
1, . . sin C sin B . ' -.,
.,

& * A, . &

1 ."
1
* ABC .

7 | 8
- 1. E" 6 G: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. <1 "3 ." 3 " , " &
+ G (
& G & * *).
1. : 1 769 580.
8

" "*, ,
*
G
* " . <
& * #-* . * G 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 4 1 1
G1 6 6 3 = 108, & * #-* . G,
3 & * #-* . 3 G 0, 2, 4 (" 3 " ).
+ "* (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) 108 1000 = 1 620 000. 4 1
1 G1 5 6 3 = 90 ( #-* . * G). +
(1+2+3+4+5) 90 100 = 135 000. P
* (1+2+3+4+5) 90 10 = 13 500,

G (2 + 4) 5 6 6 = 1 080.
- 2. 9. " .

" , 1 -1.
. + 1 RS 25300
* " . 4 .& ?
1 25 1 = 17 , 3 17 240 .
2. : 240. &
. , 360
2
240
" . ,
51 . RS . " +
RS " k 25300 ,
k = 1, 2, : : : , 240, .". E 1 , "
" k1 25300 k2 25300
# , (k1 ;240k2 )17 G , . , k1 ; k2
* 240.
< &
. + 240 1 , +
240. A
1 ", 240- 25 300 G
5 * -1.
- 3. A AD ABCD .
n " 1. *
* P

1B . E. ,
** BP
AC AQ, *
1
AQ = AC .
n+1
n+1
22
3. .
BC & n " 1
3 .
* *" ,
" *1 BP . .
*
AC n + 1 " 1.
- 4. 2 " A, B , C ABC
" . A1 , B1 , C1 , &5
&" . E. ,
" . AA1 , BB1 , CC1 &

1 *1.
4. A0 , B 0 , C 0 |
" BC , CA, AB . '

" . AA1 , BB1 , CC1
& A0 B 0 C 0 .
9 | 10
- 1. G "
xy + 3x ; 5y = ;3
1. &
(x ; 5)(y + 3) = ;18. F *
G " #
* ;18
.
*
G " .
- 2. < " . a1 a2 : : : an " +1, " " ;1. E. ,
;

2 sin a1 +ra12a2 + a1 a42 a3 + + a1 a22n;:::1an 4 =
q
= a1 2 + a2 2 + a3 2 + + an 2:
2 , a1 = a2 = = an = 1, :
2 sin 1 +
q12 + p14 + + 2n1p;1 4 = 2 cos 2n +1 =
= 2 + 2 + + 2:
2.
G# n. n = 1
&
.
." ,

2 a1 + a12a2 + a1 a42 a3 + + a1 a2 : :2:n an an+1 4 =

= a1 2 + a1 a2 + a22a3 + + a2 a3 2:n:;: 1 an+1 4

cos 2 a1 + a12a2 + a1 a42 a3 + + a1 a2 : :2:n an an+1 4 =

= ; sin a2 + a22a3 + + a2 a3 2:n:;: 1 an+1 4 :
p
2. + 1 1 &

2 sin 2 = 2 ; 2 cos ,

2 sin a1 + a12a2 + a1 a42 a3 + + a1 a2 : :2:n an an+1 4 =
r

= a1 2 + 2 sin a2 + a22a3 + + a2 a3 :2:n:; 1an an+1 4 :
<
& -
*,
1
- 3 * . #, . a1 +
a1 a2 + a1 a2 a3 + + a1 a2 :::nan an+1
. a1 . ' , .
&
2
4
2

G, - &
.
- 3. &
, " , *
+ . E. ,
, " * & ,
3 * 60.
3. -. #
, " 1

ABC , . . 8

, & * " BC .
, " #
& * ABC & , -. 3 # .
0 . '
( + 0 )=2 = 6 BAC = 60. < = 0 , +
" *1,

*5 1 . G & BC . + = 0 = 60.
23
IX (1946)

7 | 8
- 1. 4 - " & * " ?

1. A " 360. + ""1 & - 3 " , . . & - 3 "
. ' " -" , , .
- 2. < *1
" 3 A, B , C . < . AB 1
ABC1 , . BC 1 BCA1 . ' M |
. AA1 ,
N |
. CC1 . E. , BMN | 1. (' B &
&
A C B A1 C1 & "
*1 AB .)
2. 60 B . CC1
. A1 A, +
N
M .
- 3. <1 "3 . ,
131
3 112,

132
98.
3. : 1946. N | . # N = 131k + 112 = 132l + 98,
k l
;98 < 10 000;98 6 75. E , 131k + 112 =
| " . 4 , N < 10 000, + l = N132
132
132l + 98, + 131(k ; l) = l ; 14. A
, k 6= l, jl ; 14j > 131. < l 6 75, + k = l
l ; 14 = 0. ' -., N = 131 14 + 112 = 132 14 + 98 = 1946.
- 4. 1:
8 x + x + x = 6
>> 1 2 3
>> x2 + x3 + x4 = 9
>< x3 + x4 + x5 = 3
x4 + x5 + x6 = ;3
>> x5 + x6 + x7 = ;9
>> x6 + x7 + x8 = ;6
>: x7 + x8 + x1 = ;2
x8 + x1 + x2 = 2:
4. : x1 = ;x8 = 1, x2 = ;x2 = 2, x3 = ;x6 = 3, x4 = ;x5 = 4.

A& *, 3(x1 + x2 + + x8 ) = 0. & , 3

. 2 . 2x1 + x2 + x3 + + x8 = 1, . , x1 = 1. " . "

* * .
- 5. E. , .

(1 ; x + x2 ; x3 + ; x99 + x100 )(1 + x + x2 + x3 + + x99 + x100 )
" * -
*
-" 3 * ,
&5 x 3 1
.
5. .
** * P (x), -
#5
#5 1 : P (;x) = P (x).
9 | 10
- 1. 2

"
#5 * . < *

A. E. , . *", &5
*5 . A, -1
# -. , *
* * 1 .
1. l | **, &5*
*5* . A. & *1
l . AB
" 1. B 0 | G* B , O | G* B #
* 1 . '
sin BAB 0 = BB 0 = OB sin BOB 0 = sin BAO sin BOB 0 . +
sin BOB 0 | &
* B + . + sin BAB 0 ,

6 BAO = 90 .
- 2. = . A, &5# ,
**, #5* + -
1 5
. E. , . + 1 *1, .#3 "1 &
,
* A .

24
2. PQ | ., "1
* 1 A , P 0 Q0 |
1 .,
*51
. A. & , . P 0 Q0 - 1 5
, . PQ.

*
3 P 0 A > Q0 A. & . AP 0 . AP 00 = AQ0 . ' APP 00
AQQ0 ", APP 0
& APP 00 . , 5
APP 0
- 5
AQQ0. . &
5
* , " .
P 0 Q0 PQ, . 5
1 APP 0 AQQ0 .
- 3. E. , n2 + 3n + 5 G n
* 121.
3. , n2 + 3n + 5 = (n + 7)(n ; 4) + 33. F n2 + 3n + 5
* 121,
(n + 7)(n ; 4)
* 11. < (n + 7) ; (n ; 4) = 11, + - & *
* *
* *
11
. A
, (n + 7)(n ; 4)
* 11,
* 121. <

(n + 7)(n ; 4) + 33 &
* 121.
- 4. E. ,
* #- n
:
(2n)! = 2n (2n ; 1)!!
n!
4. :, n!2n = 2 4 6 2n. + n!2n(2n ; 1)!! = (2 4 6 2n)1 3 5 (2n ; 1) = (2n)!.
- 5. E. , | " " < ,
tg < tg :
5. 2.3 &
1 G O K , A B , 6 AOK = 6 BOK =
(.???). . A
* AH *# OK . C | * +

* *1 OB . A 5
1 OAB OAC ." ,
( ; ) < OH (tg ; tg ). A 5
1 OAK OAH ." ,
> OH tg . 9.
"
,
; < tg ; tg . . < tg :

tg
tg

7 | 8
- 1. 2 3

VII VIII
. E - 8 , &
"1 . -
&
. A ? <1 *.
1. x | , y | , -" &
" .
"*
* - , -" ,

#
xy + 8 = (x + 2)(2 x + 1)
. .
2y = (x + 2)(xx+ 1) ; 16 = x + 3 ; 14
x:
+ x
. . 1 1, 2, 7, 14. * 1 2
# , + *
y -
G ".

: x = 7 x = 14.
- 2. E& , "&
x5 + 3x4 y ; 5x3 y2 ; 15x2 y3 + 4xy4 + 12y5

33 G " . * x y.
3

.
! , , .
!
1/2 .
25
2.

"&

(x + 2y)(x ; y)(x + y)(x ; 2y)(x + 3y):
y 6= 0 * & 1 + .
* .", 33 .*

.
* * G " ." & 1 ( * &

.
* "3 ." & 1,
. " " 1). y = 0
"& 5 * x5 . < G x x5 33.
- 3. < AOB " O & " . OA OB , OA > OB . <
. OA .* M ,
& . OB | N , AM = BN = x. <1
. x, . MN #
.
3. : x = OA;2 OB .
AM 0 = BN 0 = OA;2 OB (
OM 0 = ON 0 ). 2.3 .# . "
M 6= M 0 & , MN > M 0N 0 . P | * M 0 N 0 MN .
& .
M 0 N 0 . M 0 &
& . M 0 Q = N 0 P . ' MM 0 Q NN 0P ",
+ MN = MP + MQ > PQ = M 0 N 0 .
- 4. 9.
G A1 , A2 , : : : , A30 , & " *1 MN " **

, "
*
G *"
. K
# *
*1
MN -.# MN
#5 ":
1 2 3
4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15

60 30 15 20 155 45 10 35 140 50 125 65 85 86 80
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
75 78 115 95 25 28 158 30 25 5 15 160 170 20 158
9.
G " .&#

G - 1,
5,
*, +

1 #. < &
. 3 -.
4 * .& 3 , - ." * &

#5 ,
#5 + 3 . 4 .
3 3 , . * ?
4. :
-
.
&" " 14, 23 24.
an |
, "
*5* . An , n | , "1 -.
an *1 MN ,
Pmn | 3
an am .
(1) F am .
& * 3 Pnm , n -& 90, m (

an ,
am ).
(2) m < n. '

am an # *, m < n , # *, m > n .
(3) F
, #5 an , ",
an , an
.
& *.
K
. (1).
(4) am | * * .
, #5 an . F am an , am & -"
.
& 3 Pnm . E 1 ,
&, am .
& *
3 Pqm , &5 . Am Pmn . '
(1)
aq
am , . ,
# & an . & , + .&. 1,

Aq & . An Am . ** aq Am Pnm Am Pnm An
Am An , + Pnm An , + & -" .
1,
Aq & . An Am . n < q < m. E an am ,
aq am # *,
aq an # *. + . (2)
, q 6 n < m . H
m -& 90, n , + n < m .& n < 90. <
.
q 6 n
,
aq - ,
an , #.
A1 n > q > m * .
(5) F an
. 3 ,
, #5 an , ",

an B +
. (4) (1).
9 , . (3) (5)
, an
. 3

,

, #5 an , ",
an . ' & - "1
. .
- 5. P -*

#5 -.: 1) #-1 #-#
#
& - .
B
2)
* #-1 " 1
*,
*, , 1 &
. +
1B
26
3) &
.
A -"
?
5. : 7. E& , "*# * ." *, n
N *." N = n(n ; 1) + 1. a |
. , B | ,
. # a
. 4&
"1 ,
*51 . B , a.
+ . B
n . P
." *, . &
#
a
n ; 1 , " a. 2 n(n ; 1) ."
53 a.
9 | 10
- 1. 2 IX X . E * -" 10 .
- ,
* , - 4 5 . - ,
* .
A -
* ? <1 *.
1. x
* . '
-" 11x
- 11x(112x ; 1) . # , -"
* ,
, -"
* , 1 : 4 5. +
* - x(11x ; 1) ,
. , &
"1 .
* " 11x ; 1 1, " ". < -"

-"

* , # &
-1
&" -" - " ,
.&. +

* B - 10 .
- 2. E *
: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, : : : , &
, *
,

"
5. <1
*
"
(108 + 1)
+ *
, #5 * "* *?
2. : E, 1
3 *. &
.
"
* 1000.
a1 = 0, a2 , : : : | " . . F . " ak ak+1 ,
. ak;1 ,
1
(k ; 1)-1 . (k + 1)-
k-. A
,
* " k n # ak = ak+n ak+1 = ak+n+1 ,

ak;1 = ak+n;1 , ak;2 = ak+n;2 , : : : , a1 = an+1 . < a1 = 0, + an+1 = 0, . .
1

(n + 1)- , #5 * "* *.
3 *
. ,
(a1 a2 ), (a2 a3 ), : : : , (a108 a108 +1 ), (a108 +1 a108 +2 ) 1
*

" ". < . 0, 1, 2, : : : , 9999 .* - 108 ." , " 108 + 1 .
- 3. < PQ, QR, RP PQR & " . AB , CD, EF . 2 .
S0 . <1 S , &5 PQR,
* " 5

1 SAB , SCD, SEF 5
1
S0 AB , S0 CD, S0 EF . -"1 1,
AB = CD = EF :
PQ QR RP
AB > CD > EF . & QR PR . QD0 = CD PQ

3. 8
, PQ
QR RP
AB
PE 0 = FE PQ
.
'

AB
AB (S
SSAB + SSCD + SSEF = PQ
SPQ + SSQD0 + SSE 0 P ) =
AB (S 0 0 S 0 0 ) :
= PQ
PQD E
SD E
2
"& . # - 3 *, S & "3 PQD0E 0 , .
| . 9. 1 "
,
* S
5
SD0 E 0
& -" *1. + M@' | . *1,
1 D0 E 0
*5 1 . S0 . 2 - M@' |
PQR.
- 4. 2
57 -" . 9. , :
1) #-1 #-#
# & - .
B
2)
* #-1 " 1
*,
, , 1 &
. +
1B
27
3) &
3 .
A &
"1 . 57 ?
4. : 8. E& , "*# * ." *, n
N *." N = n(n ; 1) + 1. &
& , -
n , #-
& n , , . &
#

n . 2.3 B , . #
"1
a. 9. B &
# . n a, 3 1
,

."
-5 . 4&
"1 ,
*51
. B , a. + . B
n . ' *,
b,
*51 . B , n . E 1 , . B
n
, &
"1 . " b
1 ,
b
1
1 & , . &
# b

. + . '
,
. &
#
n . 2 , . &
#
a
n ; 1 , " a. 2 n(n ; 1) ." 53
a.
- 5. A. .
4
* 7 | 8 .
28
X (1947)

7 | 8
- 1.
+G ", " -
* x17 x18 " * -

*
-" "&
(1 + x5 + x7 )20 :
1. = 18 .*

" 5 7, + +G x18 -

#.
= 17
* *
" 5 7
#5 -.: 17 = 7 + 5 + 5B #

" +

. 2
. 20 "& 1 1+ x5 + x7 "
&"
"- x7 ,
. 19 * "& 1 "
&" "- x5 . + +G
x17 20 19218 = 3420.
- 2. 41
3 x + x3 + x9 + x27 + x81 + x243
(x ; 1)?
2. : 6. x + x3 + x9 + x27 + x81 + x243 = P (x)(x ; 1) + r. & x = 1,
r = 6.
- 3. E& , -" -" G n,
n, n + 1, n + 2, n + 3, n + 4
* -"
. " "* . + .
3. F jk ; lj 6 4 k 6= l, -1 -51
k l
4. +
-1 -51
#-1 " "-"
4. 9. *
"
& "-
" 3 " . 9.

" 3 "
1 1

* 3. K . " "* .
- 4. E ""1 * ABCDE . A , &" A, B , C , D,
E , " ." . CD, DE , EA, AB , BC . E& , .#
M , &5# * ,
*" , . + *"
-
, - , - * # " * , &"
, . "
* .
4.
3

* . .-# 11 - 1:
* , 5 ( " &
) 5 (
1 . &
. " & * ). F M
&
, - " *" 1, M
& , *" 3, * , *" 5.
- 5. ' O ** * 1 * " ABC . E& ,
3 & ,
*5 : * . O, A, B , * | . O, B , C * |
. O, C , A, " &
-1.
5. O , 6 AOB = 90 + 6 C . +
1 &
AOB 12 AB sin 6 AOB = 12 AB sin 6 C = R,
R |
1 & ABC .

" " " & 1 & " R.
9 | 10
- 1. 2 . "& 1:

(1 ; x2 + x3 )1000 (1 + x2 ; x3 )1000
" * -

*
-" -1 +G x20 ?
1. : "& (1 + x2 ; x3 )1000 . P (x) = (1 ; x2 + x3 )1000 Q(x) = (1 + x2 ;
3
1000
x ) . 4+G x20 P (x) 1 & , P (;x) = (1 ; x2 ; x3 )1000 ,
Q(x) 1 & , Q(;x) = (1 + x2 + x3 )1000 . :,
(1 + x2 + x3 )1000 +G x20 - , (1 ; x2 ; x3 )1000 .
- 2. 2"
* #
* " . ( . . #
0 00001) .
:
1
1
1
1
1 ; 10 1 ; 102 1 ; 103 1 ; 1099 :
29
E& " ..

2. ; : 0 ;
89001. ;

;
;

a = 1 ; 101 1 ; 1012 : : : 1 ; 1015 b = 1 ; 1016 : : : 1 ; 10199 . <
" " *
."# ,
0 89001 + 1016 < a < 0 89001 + 1026 :
:, b < 1 ; 1016 . 4 , 0 < x y < 1, (1 ; x)(1 ; y) > 1 ; x ; y. + b >
1 ; 1016 ; 1017 ; ; 10199 > 1 ; 1026 . A
,
ab < 0 890012 0 999999 < 0 890012

ab > 0 890011 0 999998 > 0 890009:
- 3. E& , -" -" G n,
n, n + 1, n + 2, : : : , n + 9
, * -"
, . "
* # . + .
3. A

" 5 3 " .
* + *
3, 5 7. A

* 3 3
",

* 5 7

". +
." * & "- ,
*5*
3,
"- ,
*5 * 5 7. K . "
* #
.
- 4. A. .
4
* 7 | 8 .
- 5. <1 *" ,
*5 .
# M
*
d
1 *1 AB .
5. : *" , &5
*, #5* G

d # AB

*5 . M , . # *1, 1 AB ( M &
* d *1 AB , * -

*# # +
&). *" ,
3 " * d *1 AB , | + *" , #5 *
. G
. F . + *" "- , "
* . M ,
. & .

7 | 8
- 1. < " . 20 -,

" .
, # " , " 4
# " (- *&3 " ). 4 5 11 . 1 2-*
- .

# " -?
1. &
-. 2.&"
*.
1. ' ".
2 +
"-"1 - # "1,
1
# "1. & "-" -
-
" -. P , * 18 -
.- 9 3

3
# . 4&
"1 . " .3 ,
# " -. E 1 , + * , " &

# " -B
+ * & "1 , " &
# "1

# "1
-B + * *& , " &
# " -. ' -.,

10 . 1.
2. ' .
2 + - - "-" - # " , - -
# " . & "-"
-
-

" -. " k
. & , (k + 1)-* .
. (F k = 9, -

, +
# " - .)
*
3 (k + 1)-* . -
*&3 1. '
"
- - " k # " . & &
#
4 %, & & , & ( &
% , % % , ) | . .
30

- (k +1)-1 ". F + -
, -
# " . F - .
,
# "1,
1
# "1. 2 - * " & -,

. " # "1,
1
# "1. * " - " &
+ 1 1, . -5 . 1 11.
- 2. E& , ""1 13- .* . . ".
2. H " 3 " , *

1 . " , " " " .-# * ". P & . . ",
* &
1 "
1
3 * , 1 *.
- 3. 9.
: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, : : : , 199, 200 . "-
. E. ,

"-" 1
*
, . "

*
.
3. - 3 "
"-" . H 1
200
100 ." - 3 "
1 ( 1, 3, : : : , 199). 9 ,
. "-"
#
" - 3 "
. K . ,
"-" # *
, & 2
." *. 8 .
* .
- 4. & 5 4 , -" . " *1 &

." . "5 & *.
4. ' - " & * .-& " .???. 2 6 ." .
= -" 1 + ", -
3
.- ,
1 .
1
"
5 .
1
", 2 .
1
" 4 .
1
", 3 .
1
"
3 .
1
". 2 . 1
" - -5#
(. - ), - -5 (. ). 2 . 1
" -
-." "1 (.
), - -." "1 (. ).
E* ( ) &" " * ."# , " | + " . *
* .
9 | 10
- 1. 2 1

4 #
# 5
. E& , ".
1.
3 . *# AB , # *1 CD. C 0 D0 | G
C D + . & , ** AB
. C 0 D0 . E 1 ,
G* +
ABCD ,
*# *1 AB ,
* -1 -
"1 ,
" " " ( ) ACB
ADC , 5 " . C D AB . P
." *, ** CD
G# - AB ,
*5# . *# CD *1 AB . '
-., AC 0 BD0 | . 9. BC 0 = AD0
BC = AD.
" &" 3 -

."# * .
- 2. k " & " , :
1) &
" 2 . #
-5# ,
2) &
1
*
& p .
<1
. * k p, " . & .&.
2. : (k p) = (1 1), (4 2) (7 3).
A
& , p 6 3.
&, p > 4. 2.3 V1 . 4
A " V2 . 4 B 6= A V2 "# V3 , V4 ,
V5 B " V1 , V1 V2 -"
-5 ".
# &
"1 . V3 , V4 , V5 -5# V1 , 3 +
A. < . +
,
. V3 , V4 , V5 # -5# ,
# B .
F p = 1, k = 1 ( -" -" * -" 2 , -" -5# ,

p > 2).
&
1
* * p > 2 . T
. . 4 &
1
" p ; 1 , . . " 3(p ; 1) . 2
+ .",
, #-"

&"
-5# . , 3(p ; 1) + 1 = 3p ; 2 .
5
) | . .
31
= -" G#,

* 1 (k p) = (4 2), & .* +
"- 1, , #5 -5 . = -" G#,
* 1 (k p) = (7 3), & .* +
, ABC
* &
1 " ABC .* , -."1 + 1 1
.
&" 3 - +

(
* &
1 " ABC - 3 * * &"
3 - +
).
- 3. 2 &
3
"
5 1 :
1
1 2
1 3 6
1 4 10 16
1
1
3
7
19
1
2 1
6 3 1
16 10 4 1
E& , &
1 , * 3-1, 1
* 3 " .
3. 2" &
1 , * 1, " " , . &
3
0, 3 | 1:
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
: : : :
* * "* 1, +

1 " " -

* *. 3 * . , &
1 . " * "" 3 "
.
- 4. 9.
: 1, 2, 3, : : : , 199, 200 "-
, 16, 53 99 .
E& ,
"-" 1
3 * * -" 2 ,
.
*
.
4.
&, . 1, 2, 3, : : : , 199, 200 " "- 100 ,

.
*
. E
. ,
"-" , 16.
- 3 "
"-" . F - 3 "

# ,
.
*
. + - 3 "
"-" | + 1, 3, 5, : : : , 199. 2 ,
"-"
- 3 "
* 1, 3, 9, 27 81. <
. "-"
*

, + "- - 3 "
27
* 2, -
3 "
9
* 22, - 3 "
3
* 23 , -
3 "
1
* 24 . A
,
"-" 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9
12. E , * "-" - 3 "
* 5, 15 45, - &
*,
"-" 5, 10 15B * "-" -
3 "
* 7, 21 63, - &
*, 7 14B * "-"
- 3 "
* 11 33, - &
*, 11B * "-"
- 3 "
* 13 39, - &
*, 13.
- 5. 2
A1 A2 A3 A4 & ""1 "3 A5 A6 A7 A8 . 2 A5 A6 A7 A8
"- A9 . E& , . +
* & "- 5 , & " " * .
5.
&, - " * .
3 . A9 .
A5 A6 A7 A8 . K .-# 4 , &
"1 . " 180. F

. + &
. A1 A2 A3 A4 , "
- "1
* . + &
. + &
. ." . <

&
.
, -." A9 A5 A9 A7 , &
. ." .
. , "1 180, - "1 * .
32
XI (1948)

7 | 8
- 1. A - " 3 G " & " 1. 4" + ? <1
*.
1. : (2 4 4), (2 3 6) (3 3 3).
x 6 y 6 z | " , 3 x1 + y1 + z1 = 1. '
x < 4, x y z > 4
x1 + y1 + z1 6 34 < 1.
F x = 2, y1 + z1 = 21 . , y 6 4 "

* (2 4 4) (2 3 6).
F x = 3, y1 + z1 = 32 . , y 6 3 "
(3 3 3).
- 2. A G 2100 ?
2. : 31 G. :, 2100 = (1024)10 > 100010, + 2100
31 G". A
1 ",
102410 < 1025

100010
1000
10
41 10
= 40
41 40 39 : : : 32 = 41 < 10B
< 40
39 38 31 31
' -., 2100 = (1024)10 < 10 100010, + 2100 32 G.
- 3. <
n *" 1. E. , - , " + *"
.-# , & .
* (&
* - . *
1
1),

- ( . . - , #5 * . *1)
-
. "
1 1 & 1.
3.
G# n. n = 1 &

.
&, &

.
* #-1 G . n *". G# . n + 1 *", "-
*# - " - , .- # * n *".

"- 1 *1 + " ,
# | .
&#.
9 | 10
- 1. F 2 n;2 | G ,
1. 2n ; 2 = nm. '
22nn;1 ;2
2 ;1
| G . E. .
22n;1 ; 2 = 2 22n;2 ; 1 = 2nm ; 1 =

2n ; 1
2n ; 1
2n ; 1
n
(
m
;
1)
n
(
= 2(2
+ 2 m;2) + + 2n + 1):
- 2. E. - . 5 -G,

1
1
log2 + log5 > 2:
2. log2 = a log5 2 = b. '

2a = 5b = , . . 1=a = 2 1=b = 5. +
= 2 5 = 10. H "*, < 10, - .
- 3. E"
"
" ABCD A0 BCD -5 BCD,
0
0

1=a+1=b
A0 &

" ABCD. E. , A
" A BCD
- " A
" ABCD.
3. E& - &
,
A0 & - AB . :,
6 BA0 C = 6 BAC + 6 ACA0 6 BA0 D = 6 BAD + 6 ADA0 . + - &
-.
6 ACA0 + 6 CA0 D + 6 ADA0 > 6 CAD. H "*, 6 CA0 D = 180 ; 6 A0 CD ;
6 A0 DC 6 CAD = 180 ; 6 ACD ; 6 ADC ,
6 ACA0 + 6 ACD + 6 ADC + 6 ADA0 >
6 A0 CD + 6 A0 DC . K
. . "
* 3 " :
6 ACA0 + 6 ACD > 6 A0 CD 6 ADC + 6 ADA0 > 6 A0 DC .
33
' -

." * -5 . E* +
A1 , 1 A0 CD - AB . A2 , 1
** CA0 . A1 D.

. A1 ,
A2 A0 , - .

7 | 8
- 1. " xy = yx (x 6= y). <1 *.

1. : x = 2, y = 4 x = 4, y = 2. 9. xy = yx
, "

x y
& , . . x = pa11 pa22 : : : pann y = pb11 pb22 : : : pnnn . ' & ." ,
a1 y = b1 x, : : : , an y = bn x.
*
3 x < y. '
. ."
,
a1 < b1 , : : : , an < bn , . . y = kx,
k | G .
** y = kx

xy = yx, xkx = (kx)x . 9. * x, xk = kx, . . xk;1 = k.

& # y > x, + k > 1, . , x > 1. :, 22;1 = 2. O & ,
x > 2 k > 2, xk;1 > k.
- 2. E. , #- : R > 2r (R r |
"
), R = 2r
*
.
2. A1 , B1 C1 |
" BC , AC AB . G
*
+G ;1=2 * & S
ABC
# & S1 A1 B1 C1 . ' &
S1 " ABC , & A0 B 0 C 0 ,
" ABC ,
* S1 -
1 & #. r
r0 |
" " & 1 ABC A0 B 0 C 0 B R R1 |
" & 1 S
S1 . :, r 6 r0 = R1 = R=2.
*, A0 B 0 C 0 ABC
# ,
. . S1 | * & ABC . 2 + AB1 = AC1 , + AB = AC .
P AB = BC .
- 3. @& -
, G ?
3. : , & . &
. , O1 O2 | G "
", O3 = SO2 (O1 ) ( . . , * O1 O2 ) &
** * G . K
. SO3 = SO2
SO1
SO2 , * *.
E 1 , A1 = SO2 (A), A2 = SO1 (A1 ), A3 = SO2 (A2 ). '
AA2 A1 A3 |
G O2 . ' O1 ** *
1 " A1 A2 , + O3 ** *
1 .
AA3 .
&, -
, G . 2"-
*# , -" G 3 G " -&
.
O1 O2 | G " , G " **# * 1 ( " G
G .# " &
). '
O3 , * O1
O2 , ** * G .
#.
9 | 10
- 1. <1 G" & " * * xy = yx (x 6= y).

1. y = kx. '
xkx = (kx)x . 9. * x, .
* x,
xk;1 = k. ' -., x = k k;1 1 y = kk k;1 1 = k k;k 1 . = k GB k;1 1 = pq |
p
*
-.
** + "& "
* x y, x = p+p q q y =
p+q p q q
+
. = p q . ", + x y -" G"
,
. G " p p + q & . q. < q > 2 p = nq ,
nq < p + q < (n + 1)q = nq + qnq;1 + q(q 2; 1) nq;2 + : : :
p
p
p+1
+ q = 1, . , x = p+1
y = p+1
B .
p | . G ,
p
p
0 ;1.
34
- 2. - & - .&

.
2. a |
- -. A - #,
*5 1 . G
1 .
1,p** * " .
1p &
+ a 4 6 , + - & &
a 4 6 . & ,
& -
- .*. &
. ,
* & 1 G G -. E 1 , &

R
& * - , & , * 1 G -, &
& *
- . <
. " -
, &
R, G 1
G -, & , 1
1 & , &

& * - .
&
R G G - &
& G . < 1,
R > a=2 * & & -. 2
+ -
p
* * " .
" & 1, &5 *, " r = R2 ; (a=2)2 , + r . . R. ", "
"
* * G -, * & & 1 " .
F Q,
&5* # & ,
. + ,
&

, & -. ' -., &
p6
a
. , R > 4 , Q

. . Q .- ,
"
*5 . G - "
" 1,
1 (&
* 1 &

Q). Q0 , *
. G -
*
1 .
1
.- + & "
1. 2 Q0
p6
a
&
4 , G &5* -. O , Q0 *
3 ( #5 1 1, " **# * * + ) 3
OX , OYp , OZ . O OX , OY , OZ & , #5 &

R > a 4 6 . , + &
Q, #5
&
+ 1 . Q Q0 # -5# (G -),
+ # * 1 *1. O OX , OY OZ -.#

"
120, + * ** & .
Q0 , -" +
p6 &
1
a
0
. ' -., Q
. , R > 4 .
- 3. A ." G " 1 jxj + jyj < 100?
3. : 338 350. H * jxj + jyj = 0, jxj + jyj = 1, jxj + jyj = 2, : : : , jxj + jyj = 99 # ,
, 1, 22 , 32 , : : : , 1002 G " 1. + 12 + 22 + 32 +
201 .
+ 1002 = 100101
6
- 3. 4 - .& 1 , "
*5 .
1
-.#5 " "?
3. : 4. 8
1 ". @& , "1

" (1 0 0). '
" " #
" (xi yi zi ),
xi < 0. @&
, 1
" (x2 1 0). '
" " #
"
(xi yi zi ),
x2 xi + yi < 0. = x2 xi G " , + x2 xi > 0, . , yi < 0. i j > 2
xi xj + yi yj + zi zj < 0. < xi xj > 0 yi yj > 0, + zi zj < 0, . . zi zj
. .. ' & -" -
.
35
XII (1949)

7 | 8
- 1. . ,
271958 ; 108878 + 101528
* - . 26460.
1. , 26460 = 22 33 5 72 .
A = 271958 ; 108878 + 101528

271958 ; (108878 ; 101528). K
* 5 72. E 1 , 27195 = 3 5 72 37,
. 108878 ; 101528
* 10887 ; 10152 = 735 = 3 5 72 . A
1 ",

A = (271958 ; 108878) + 101528 ." , A
* 22 33 . E 1 , 271958 ; 108878
* 27195 ; 10887 = 16308 = 22 33 151, 10152 = 23 33 47. ' -., A

*
5 72 22 33, +
* 26460 = 22 33 5 72 .
- 2. E. , 1 , # *

1 .
2. O#-*
. G (G
, " 5 "
" "). E 1 ,
G
-*.
- 3. E. , :
x2 + y2 + z 2 = 2xyz
* G " x, y z .& x = y = z = 0.

3.
&, x = 2m x1 , y = 2ny1 , z = 2k z1 ,
x1 , y1 , z1 3 ". @& ,
m 6 n 6 k. '
- * & (2m )2 . 2 .
x21 + 2(n;m)y12 + 2(k;m) z12 = 2n+k;m+1 x1 y1 z1

n + k ; m + 1 > 1.
F n = m = k,
4 1 +
3 3,
1
3 0 2. F & k > n, 1
3 1 2,
1 | 0. .
- 4. E * . * * 1. E. , &

1 , "#51 # #.
4
4. 2.3 1
A B ,
*5 3 . '
AB 6 1=2.
E& , 1 &
1=4 G
O . AB .
M | .* 1, M1 1 O. '

MO = M1M=2 6 (M1 A + AM )=2 = (BM + AM )=2 6 1=4, BM + AM
"
" 1.
- 5. E. ,
* #- .,
*#51 G " 1 1 & 1,
* 1 & # .
5.
& - " B ABC # & M B O | G 1 & , Ob | G 1 & , #5 1*
" AC . E
. , MO = MOb . ' 6 AOM = 6 BAO + 6 ABO = (6 A + 6 B )=2
6 OAM = 6 OAC + 6 CAM = 6 A=2 + 6 CBM = (6 A + 6 B )=2, MA = MO. ' OAOb
*"1 6 AOM = 6 MAO = ', 6 MAOb = 6 MOb A = 90 ; ', . , MA = MOb .
9 | 10
- 1. <1 G " x, y, z v, ,
x2 + y2 + z 2 + v2 = 2xyzv:
1. : x = y = z = v = 0.
= x2 + y2 + z 2 + v2 3 , +
x y z v 3 3 " .
F x y z v 3 ", x2 + y2 + z 2 + v2 0 (mod 4), + 2xyzv
* 4.
36
F
. x y z v 3 ", x2 + y2 + z 2 + v2
* 4, 2xyzv
* 4.
+ x y z v 3 ", . . x = 2x1 , y = 2y1, z = 2z1 , v = 2v1 . @"
x21 + y12 + z12 + v12 = 8x1 y1 z1 v1 . ' . , (2k + 1)2 = 4k(k + 1) + 1 1 (mod 8). +
x1 y1 z1 v1 3 ", x21 + y12 + z12 + v12
* 8. P
. + 3 ,
x21 + y12 + z12 + v12
*
& 4. , x1 = 2x2 , y1 = 2y2 , z1 = 2z2 , v1 = 2v2 , "
x22 + y22 + z22 + v22 = 32x2y2 z2 v2 . A & " &
*, , x y z v
* * 2n n, & -" .
- 2. 4 & " ,
5 *?
(# 5 * ." * **, 1 #-1 5 *
-1.)
2. 5 * # * G . F

5 *, #5 * O, A
& ,
& *

OA G O. + # ** * #-* ,
*5* .
O.
- 3. <1
1 " *:
x2 + 2ax +
1
1
2
16 = ;a + a + x ; 16
0 < a < 41 :
3. f (x) | *

*. M G y = f (x)
* -1
-. F 0 < a < 1=4, f (x) > 0. +
+ #
1
1
2
(1)
16 = ;a a + x ; 16 :
* *
(1)
* -1 - # G# f ;1 (x). 2
, y2 +2ay +
q
1
1
2
16 = x, y = ;a a + x ; 16 . = -" 1
1 "
*, & 1
* y = f (x) y = f ;1 (x). M . - " G1 "
*1 y = x, +
1 "
* **# *
1 " * *

1 = x:
x2 + 2ax + 16
+ ,

s
2 1
1
;
2
a
1
;
2
a
x12 = 2
; 16 :
2
x2 + 2ax +
- 4. 9 * 4n & " , , . #-" "3 ." &

# #. E. ,
+ 1
* n
".
4. & ,

" & -" - "3 ." .
->
" ", "- &
1
& "-"
*
-"*: a > b > c > d > e > : : : . = a, b, c, d # -.# #
#. < ab > cd ac > bd, + ad = bc, . . d = bc=a. ' & " &
* ."# ,
e = bc=a.
- 5. E. , &" " "
,

*#5 &" ", ", & & .
5. ABCDEF | ,
*#51 # .
. = "3
FBCE ** * -1 G 1, + ** MM1,
*#5*
" 3 1,

* & - 1 &

* BE FC . ' &
."# * " 1 *" NN1 LL1 ,
*#5
" &"
. K *" **# * - , -.
*, + # *
1 O. ' O
,
&
"
* . ,
& & G O.
37

7 | 8
- 1. 12 1 & " : "3

* * " .G " :
*, &3 *, . 3 * **.

&
#-# *, , . " *
* ( -
) #- .
.&" 1.

* & " *. 4 + *?
1. : 4; A, A 4;, ;4A , A;4.
A
12 1 &
#5 *
: 1, 6, 11, 4, 9, 2, 7,
12, 5, 10, 3, 8. <
*
( ). + #-

& , * ,
* -1 5

. < "* * 1, 4, 2, 3
G *
, + . - 4A; " -" A; 4, ; 4A, 4A;. 2

1 G 1, 2, 3, 4, -" A 4;, ;4A , A;4.
- 2. E"
: VABC VDEF O. 8 * #-* X VABC #-*
Y VDEF B OXY
*
OXZY .
) E& , " -. -.# .
-) A & ?
) E& ,
" .
2. .
- -5
,

.* " "" n1 n2 -. A
& , * ". A1 A2 |
+ 1 ". '
5 # " OB1 A1 C1 OB2 A2 C2 B1 B2 ,
&5 n1 -, C1 C2 ,
&5 n2 -. F "
#5
* . B1 B2 C1 C2 , . , " B1 B2 C1 C2 ,
# A1 A2 . (E*
.
-
" , G ".) 2 , . A1 A2
&
1 , + ".
2.3 .#
Ox. &
" , #5 Ox, .3 & , G " Ox # - . ( & | + ). 2""1
.
3 * " &
* .&" 1 Ox. F "
&
" n1 - n2 - **# * .
" a1 a2 , " & 1 " -
.
" a1 + a2. ' " &

..
= & -" #-" , .#3 " &
n1 + n2
- . n1 n2 ( n1 + n2 ,

* #-1 Ox
.
" &
" #
).
- 3. 9 * 13 , &
* . " G . 9. , #-" 12 .
& .& 2 , 6 &
1, . E& ,
#
& .
3. A
& ,
# - 3 "1, - 3 "1 . 12
.& "
6 , .
&, &
* a .,
. , &5 , b ., 3 a b .1 3 .
# a 1 b .& , -" . 2 &
1
. * 12 ja ; bj, + ja ; bj 3 .

&,
" . 2" . &
1 1 . 2 . - , "
*# # .
( 1 1
.
" 1 ). 2 " # 3 "1 , 1 " .
&
1 ( " ), "
- ,
*#51 # .
. F + " 3
,
.
. 2 G G , *

* # .
1 3 ( ) , 3
. < " &
., -" & .
- 4. 2 . (
| . .)
" .

"
. E& , *

-.*
# .
4. '1 *
&
. " & G
38
( . . G , " 5 "

" ").
- 5. F * 100 #-" ((
) | . .) ,

& .*
( & -"
) ,

,
*5 * 100. E. .
5. a1 , : : : , a100 |
" . " S1 = a1 , S2 = a1 + a2 , : : : , S100 =
a1 + a2 + + a100 . F
. +
* 100, S1 , : : : , S100
# - 99
."
100. + 1
* Sn Sm (n > m),
#5
"

100. <
Sn ; Sm = am+1 + am+2 + + an
* 100.
- 6. E & 3 B . + 1 " . 1 1,
*5 1 . . *", " & , . 1 .
H , " " -& G & , - 3 . R#S,
, " "
* G , | . RS. E& ,
* #-
- *
, .* " ." ., #.
(
.)
6. ABCD : : : Y Z | .* . * *, tA , tB , : : : , tZ |
" "
& ,
3 " . 1. 2 . - *
A B tA ; tB . + - *

." .
(tA ; tB ) + (tB ; tC ) + + (tY ; tZ ) + (tZ ; tA ) = 0:
9 | 10
- 1. A. .
1
* 7 | 8 .
- 2. A& .
" (.???) ""1 .
2. . & - 8 -. 2.3
. + - &

-. 4- & .
( "") , &
* . " .
"3 -. 2.3
. + & 3 -
-,
*
,
*5 .
1 - 3 -
-.
(2 3 - " . " ."B + ." # *.) 2 .
"# , # & . . . 9.

* * "* , * * .
- 3 - (
*, #5* .).
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 | 8 .
- 4. 2
"1 G { "1 - 1
5
.
4. O | G M , & T ,
S (T ) | -. T O. '
M & T , S (T ).
+
G "
" G , &5
T , -# 5
T S (T ). ' O & T ,
T S (T ) ** * ""1 , ""1

&
1 G .
A1 , B1 C1 |
" BC , CA AB T = ABC .
& ,
O & A1 B1 C1 . '
T S (T ) ** * .
AB
* S (T ) x : y : z ,
x + y + z = 1. '

" 5
1 , #5 A, B , C , 5

ABC x2 + y2 + z 2 B & . + "& . ' 1 = (x + y + z )2 = 3(x2 + y2 + z 2 ) ;
(x ; y)2 ; (y ; z )2 ; (z ; x)2 , x2 + y2 + z 2 > 1=3,
* x = y = z B

. , O | *
ABC .

1 1: O &
. AB1 C1 , ABC1 ,
A1 B1 C , AB1 C1 . 2 + T S (T ) ** * ,
" . O 1 * *" AO B1 C1 , 5
+
& *. F & O & B1 C1 , + 1 &
-" (& & x = 0).
9" ** * ,
*5 " " . F 5
2/3 5
.
39
- 5. E& ,
2n ." G " & " n *
#-# 3
.
# -G# G.
5. A |
. & , n & "-
, 10mA < 2n < 10m(A + 1), . . m + lg A < n lg 2 < m + lg(A + 1). K :
5 # " m n,
* " lg A < n lg 2 ; m < lg(A + 1). = lg 2 G. (E 1 ,
&, lg 2 = p=q,
p q | " . '
10p=q = 2,
. . 10p = 2q . K & -" .) + 3 *
.
#5 &
: R |
G . '

* #-" a < b & "- G " m n,
* "
a < m ; n < b.S
V = b ; a. E* &
G m & "- G n , 0 6 m ; n 6 1.
.
. [0 1] " .,
&
. " V. +
. k. '

; n1 , 2 ; n2 , : : : , (k + 1) ; nk+1
,
&5

& .. 2" . - : p ; np ; (q ; nq ) = t. :,
0 6 t < V. 8 , t 6= 0, = npp;;qnq | G .

Nt,
N | G . 4&
. +
m ; n. P . , 0 < t < V,
,
* -"
. + & &
a b.
- 6. E& ,
.* & - 8 #5

.
6. ABCD |
"1
, A1 B1 C1 D1 |
& G , " "

#
-#
. E*
3
-
,

2. '

A1 B1 C1 D1 16.
+

. ,

A1 B1 C1 D1 , " 1 & "
, & -" 2.
.&" & *

A1 B1 C1 D1 &
.
1) <

A1 B1 C1 D1
&
. 2 +
* ** * . PQ. F
A1 B1 C1 D1 &

&
( , * "

),
.
PQ tg + tg1 > 2B .
| &
1

1 &

. F
A1 B1 C1 D1 &
" &
, . PQ
** * .1 * 2.
2)

A1 B1 C1 D1
&
. '

1 a+tg +1;a tg (.???). ' - *
. , a+tg +1;a tg >
2, . . (a ; 1) tg 6 (a ; 1). < a > 1 tg 6 1.
40
XIII (1950)

7 | 8
- 1. 9 * *

-"1 1 (G"
# * "
3 "1 G ). < 1 & -
, G &5# 3
. , - 1 .*.

1. & S , G &5* 3 , &
( & -" - ). & S
.
" A
B 3 1 . 1,
" A B
. 2.3 A

# 3 # 1 A. & S
- .
## ( ,
, * & *1
+ 1 . 2
p AB ), - . &#
p

& S 2=2, | 10=2. 1,
" A
B &" . A .3 A
# 3 # 1 A.
' & S -*.
.
## A
1 ( -"

. &#
, " -" *#, & ).
1
p
& 10=2. 2 , -1

#5* & S .
2.3 3 # #5 1 - " . & S
.
8 + - " , "
1 3 1 .
- 2. 9 * 555 : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , : : : 555 . .& 3 " .
2. E * n, n + 1, : : : , n + 8 & .& " : 1) n,
n + 4, n + 8B 2) n + 1, n + 5, n + 6B 3) n + 2, n + 3, n + 7. K .* .& "
1, 2, : : : , 549 = 61 9. * 550, 551, : : : , 555 & .&
"
#5 -.: 1) 550 555B 2) 551 554B 3) 552 553.
- 3. E" 3 & O1 , O2 , O3 ,
*5 .
O. 2 " *
O1 O2 , O2 O3 O3 O1 -. . A1 , A2 A3 . < O1 - .#
B1 . F B1
A1 ,
. B1 A1 *#
* O2
B2 . F B2
A2 ,
. B2 A2 *#
* O3
B3 . F B3
A3 ,
. B3 A3 *#
* O1
B4 . E& , B4
B1 .
3. 6 (AB CD) | "1 &
*" AB CD. '
6 (A3 O A3 B1 )+
6 (A3 B3 A3 O) = 6 (A1 O A1 B1 ) + 6 (A2 B3 A2 O) = 6 (A1 O A1 B2 ) + 6 (A2 B2 A2 O) = 0, + A3 ,
B1 B3 &
1 *1. , B4 = B1 .
- 4. a b c |
" B A B C | " &" .
E& ,
Aa + Bb + Cc > 21 (Ab + Ba + Ac + Ca + Bc + Cb) :
4. 2 - 1 " & -1 , + (A ; B )(a ; b) > 0,
(B ; C )(b ; c) > 0, (C ; A)(c ; a) > 0. A& + , - .
- 5. 9. A
&
* -:
1. 2"1 .
.
2. 2". ,
&

3 *, 1.
2 &
. * -
& *, -#51 . + ." *,
"1
- *

1
10
2
15
3
17 21
A
", & * &
* ", # * . ".
A
- *
*
& * , *5 A 6 ?
5. : 25 .
v |
, V | ", T | * &
* ". (A
-
. * /, * | .) F
,
1, 2 3
- *,
, 1=v, 2=v 3=v , , T + V1 , T + V2 T + V3 .
&,
41
2
1 , , . . T + V2 > v2 . '
T + V1 > T2 + V1 > v1 ,
. . 1 - &
. < &
1 2 ,
.
2 * -" -"

2 . - , 1 , # + . + T + V2 6 v2 ,
;

3
3
2
. , T + V 6 2 T + V 6 v3 . A
, 1=v = 1=6, T + 2=V = 1=4 T + 3=V = 7=24. * +
1,
: v = 6, T = 1=6, V = 24. F
6 , +
- * 1
, ,
- * 61 + 246 = 125 , . . 25 .
9 | 10
- 1. A | ."1 , B C | " ". 2

5 1 X ,
sin B sin C
sin X = 1 ; cos
A cos B cos C ?
(9. R2-& 1 S <. 9. O- ).
1. :
,
. # cos B cos C > 0. 4 , sin B sin C +cos B cos C = cos(B ;
C ) 6 1 cos A 6 1. + sin B sin C 6 1 ; cos B cos C 6 1 ; cos A cos B cos C
sin B sin C
0 < 1 ; cos
A cos B cos C 6 1:
- 2. 9.
"
-5
&
1. @&
-" - 1
" - " - 1?
2. :
, & . # #
BCD
1 A.
" * ",
- - 1. 2.3
AD D0 , AD0 = ". F " ,
3 -
" ABCD -. 3,
3 -
" ABCD0 -. 4.
- 3. 9 * 81 * 12 , 22 , 32 , : : : , 812 . .& 3 " .
3. .&
* n2 , (n + 1)2 , : : : , (n + 8)2
#5 -.: 1) n2 ,
(n +5)2 , (n +7)2B 2) (n +1)2 , (n +3)2, (n +8)2 B 3) (n +2)2, (n +4)2 , (n +6)2 . "
*
,
1 18 . + 27 n2 , (n + 1)2 , : : : , (n + 26)2 & .&
9 , 6 -

, 53 3 -
&
* 18 , "
6. 9. +
* & & 3 " . ' -., 27k 12, 22, 32 ,
: : : , (27k)2 & .& 3 " . k = 3 - &
.
- 4. :
x + 3 ; 4 x ; 1 + x + 8 ; 6 x ; 1 = 1:
4. : 5 6 x 6 10. ,
x + 3 ; 4 x ; 1 = ( x ; 1 ; 2)2
p
p
x + 8 ; 6 x ; 1 = ( x ; 1 ; 3)2 :
+
& .

p
p
j x ; 1 ; 2j + j x ; 1 ; 3j = 1
(
p " p& ").
.&" .
1. x ; 1 ; 2 > 0 x ; 1 ; 3 > 0, . . x > 10. 2 +

x = 10.p
p
2. x ; 1 ; 2 > 0 x ; 1 ; 3 6 0, . . 5 6 x 6 10. K &
, . .
56xp
6 10, x ** *
p
*.
3. x ; 1 ; 2 6p0 x ; 1 ; 3 6p0, . . x 6 5. H
x = 5.
A1,
x ; 1 ; 2 6 0 x ; 1 ; 3 > 0,
, .& .
- 5. E n & 1: O1 O2 : : : On ,
*5 .
O. 2 " * O1 O2 , O2 O3 : : : O3 O1 -. . A1 A2 : : : An . < O1 - .# B1 . F B1
A1 ,
. B1 A1 *#
*
42
O2 B2 . F B2
A2 ,
. B2 A2 *#
*
O3 B3 .
&* -., " Bn & On . F On
An ,
. Bn An *#
* O1 Bn+1 . E& ,
Bn+1
B1 .
5. 6 (AB CD) | "1 &
*" AB CD ( . * *
#
180). '
6 (Bn An An O) = 6 (Bn An;1 An;1 O) = 6 Bn;1 An;1 An;1 O). P 6 (Bn;1 An;1 An;1 O) = 6 (Bn;2 An;2 An;2 O) = = 6 (B1 A1 A1 O). < G, 6 (B1 A1 A1 O) =
6 (B1 An An O). 2 6 (Bn An An O) = 6 (B1 An An O). K . , An , B1 Bn
&
1 *1. A
, Bn+1 = Bn .

7 | 8
- 1. 2 " 13-

"
. .-# .
2.3
- . 4 -
& ?
1. : 13. 9. &
1 "
13- "
-

1,
" **# * . 4&
1
#

", +
13. 13- ." , . . &
-" 13.
- 2. E& ,
1 3 5 7 99 1
2 4 6 8 : : : 100 < 10 :
99 B = 2 4 6 : : : 98 . :, B > A AB = 1 . +
2. A = 12 34 56 : : : 100
3 5 7
99
100
1
2
A < AB = 100 .
- 3. 2 & . 3
. E& , & "
.
3. ' * 1 & 3 ,
* 3 "3
. + &
"
* * & # &

*
& #. A
, & 1 1

RS
( . .
"
*5 . 3
).
F -

, " . , & 1 1

.
&, 1
, . . "
* -" & (
#5 "
& &
). & , &
. + 3 & . 2 & ,
*#5* -1 *"1
a b .1 c. 2 & . 1 ; a 1 ; b ("
,
"
2). :, (1 ; a) + (1 ; b) = c, a 6 c b 6 c. +
a + b 6 2c = 4 ; 2(a + b), . . a + b 6 4=3. K . , & - 2=3 . 9 , & , #5* 1 1
#51 :
2 + 3 32 = 4,
8.
- 4. < & & " 20 . K 20
*# * 10 (#$ | . .)
. A - + &
?
4. : 16796: an | -
2n & n #5*
. :, a1 = 1 a2 = 2. & ,
an = an;1 + an;2 a1 + an;3 a2 + + a1 an;2 + an;1 :
T
.
" 2n . ]
, "
*5* . 3 ,
&

, 3
&
1
& 3
" : 0
2n ; 2. F
1
& 2k
,
1
& 2(n ; k ; 1) B + &
#5*

( #5
, "
*5# . 1 ) an;k;1 ak -.
' -., a3 = a2 + a21 + a2 = 5, a4 = 14, a5 = 42, a6 = 132, a7 = 429, a8 = 1430, a9 = 4862
a10 = 16796.
)! = 1 ;2n+1 .
. !" , an = n!((2nn+1)!
2n+1 n
43
9 | 10
- 1. 2 " 1950-

"
. .-# .
2.3
" - . 4 -
& ?
1. : 1949. ' & " &
*, .
1
* 7{8 , ."# , "1 - 1950 , 3
1950, . &
1 "
"
*

, #5
"1 . . " A1 "
*

A1 Ap A1 Aq , #5
"1 . '
Ap Aq |
", Ap A1 Aq
-" -"
, . .#5* "1 . E 1 , , &5# &

Ap Aq , & -" -"
1, &5 1 &
A1 Ap &
A1 Aq . 9.
-
G , & , q = p + 1 p 6 1950=2 = 975. F
#
A1 Ap+1 , #-*
*
, #5* "1 ,

*
. 2
p 1 1. +
& -" - 1 + 974 2 = 1949 . = -" 1950-,
. . * 1949-, & .* "1 1949- .
1 , . . " A1 .*
" A01 A1950 , & "
A1 A2 A1 A1949 -. " A1 .
- 2. = 1 2 3 : : : 101 " *
- *
. E& , . & " 90 , * 11 -
& " (- . *, - -"*).
(

.)
2. E& , #-*
. mn + 1 ."
& -
. #5#
. m + 1 , - -"#5#
. n + 1 .
A ak
1

xk yk ,
xk | -*
. #5 1
, #5 1* ak , yk | -*
-"#5 1
,
#5 1* ak .
&, xk 6 m yk 6 n
* k. '
."
(xk yk )
mn. + xk = xl yk = yl
* " k 6= l. < + &
-" . E 1 ,
*
3 k < l. '
ak < al , xk > xl , ak > al ,
yk > yl .
- 3. " "1 "3 . E& , " * &
1 .
3. * AB , BC , CA AD K , L, M N . '

AN = AK , BK = BL, CL = CM DM = DN . +
AK BL CM DN
(1)
BK CL DM AN = 1:
N 0 , 1 KLM *# DA. & ,
AK BL CM DN 0 = 1:
(2)
BK CL DM AN 0
E* + G# *#,
*# KLM . ' K , L, M N 0
+ G# *
& X . A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 | G A, B , C , D.
* ., &5
1 *1, G *# *, +
AK BL CM DN 0 = A1 X B1 X C1 X D1 X = 1:
BK CL DM AN 0 B1 X C1 X D1 X A1 X
9. (1) (2)
, DN : AN = DN 0 : AN 0 , + N = N 0 (- N N 0 &
. AD).
- 4. @&

10 -" ,
-" 8 -" .* ", 1
3 * , &5*
. , #-"
9
* . .
4. :
, &.
3 10 #5* *". "
*
+ *", & * *". O#-" 9
* .
, . &
# , &5# 1* *1,

. 9
*", #5 + . O#-" 8
* . , *
** * 1 *
" .
44
XIV (1951)

7 | 8
- 1. E& ,
x12 ; x9 + x4 ; x + 1
. * x & .
1. F x 6 0, x12 , ;x9 , x4 , ;x > 0. F 0 < x < 1, x12 + x4 (1 ; x5 ) + (1 ; x) > 0. F
x > 1, x9 (x3 ; 1) + x(x3 ; 1) + 1 > 0.
- 2. H "" "3 ABCD A0 B 0 C 0 D0 " " ".
E. , 6 A > 6 A0 , 6 B < 6 B 0 , 6 C > 6 C 0 6 D < 6 D0 .
2. BAD B 0 A0 D0 . # BA = B 0 A0 , AD = A0 D0 6 A > 6 A0 .
9. +
, BD > B 0 D0 . BCD B 0 C 0 D0 .
BD > B 0 D0 , 6 C > 6 C 0 .

" : ABC A0 B 0 C 0 , ADC A0 D0 C 0 . F -"
AC > A0 C 0 , " -" 6 B > 6 B 0 6 D > 6 D0 . P
.
-", "3 ABCD - " "3 A0 B 0 C 0 D0 B
-" & . A
, AC < A0 C 0 , + 6 B < 6 B 0 6 D < 6 D0 .
- 3. = -
2 00000000004
(1 00000000004)2 + 2 00000000004

2 00000000002
(1 00000000002)2 + 2 00000000002 ?
3. : "& - . a = 1 00000000004 b = 1 00000000002. '

a
1+b
" "& * " 1+1+
a+a2 1+b+b2 , 3 a > b. 3 * . ,
1+b
1+a
(a ; b)(a + b + ab)
1 + b + b2 ; 1 + a + a2 = (1 + a + a2 )(1 + b + b2 ) > 0:
- 4. ' -1 G

* * . E. , .
"3 " . & & "3 , "16 + G#.
4. ABCD |
* G* (AB CD | 3 *), P |
* . &
G ABCD # 1 G# A0 B 0 C 0 D0 , -" C 0 1 A,
B 0 | 1 D. P 0 | G A0 B 0 C 0 D0 , #5* P . '

"3 PAP 0 D "1: G#,
-* 1
.
P BC ,
* | . P 0 AD.
- 5. 9 * G . 60 . , &
. " 1 . 4
.
, -" . -.* 1 & -" 1 , 2 , 3 ,
: : : , 60 ( . & 1 )?
5. : 3 . . 2"*, - n
k . n-. 1
G , -" . -.* 1 & -" 1
n. F k . ,
#- . 1
k & - . . < k + 1 . " & - ,
-
. k + 1 . (" .
" " . *). <- "

. k + 1 . . '
" & #- . 1
2k + 1.
(9 " & . 1
l1 + k,
l1 6 k.) - "

. 2(k + 1) . , . . 4(k + 1) . .
. 9 , " k . , -
"
G*,
" + k + 1 1 * . k + 1, 2(k + 1), 4(k + 1), 8(k + 1),
: : : , 2k (k + 1) . (" . * " .
" ). 2 &
#- . 1
n = 2k+1 (k + 1) ; 1. 9 , 2k k 6 n 6 2k+1 (k + 1) ; 1, & -1
k ." .* -1 k ; 1 .". 2 , 24 6 n 6 63,
" . 3. " " G
&" * +
. 4, 8, 16, 29 . .
6 *%, & +
,, % |
. .
45
9 | 10
- 1. 9. "" , "

a
, #5 + 1 , 120, "- - 1 5
.
1. : 1 1 a. ""1 n-
A1 : : : An 1 A1 An = a, -
#51 ." 1 . F n > 4, + n-
& . (n ; 1)- A1 : : : An;3 A0n;2 A0n;1 ,
A0n;1 = An A0n;2 | *
1 An;3 An;2 An An;1 (+ # *,
An;2 An;1 180). <"1 -I# 5
. +

1 . H " BC = a
&51 6 A ( 60). ' A &
& , . 1 .
BC

60. + " , 5 * . A, -

.
- 2. E& , " G"
0 1234567891011 : : : 4748495051
0 51504948 : : : 4321
0 239.
2. a = 0 1234 : : : 5051 b = 0 5150 : : : 321. ' - *
. , 0 239b 6 a < 0 24b. <
0 515 < b < 0 516, + 0 239b < 0 239 0 516 = 0 123324 < a 0 24b > 0 24 0 515 = 0 1236 > a.
- 3. 9 # *
G & . 2 1 . , G
*51* - 1 & . 9. -5 G " 5 "

*", "
& "
* - 1 & #B &
* . "
*
G #5 1 " .
"1 .3 .
"1 -
.3 1
"?
3. : , R > 2r,
R |
- 1 & , r
1
& .
= -" .3
", &, -" "*
*: 1)
"

.3 .
, "
*5 .
1 " , "B 2)
.3 .
, &5 - 1 & , 360.
"* *
. ,
"* * . A ,
&5 1 - 1 & , ,
"
#5*
. G & . K " ", r = R ; r. F r < R ; r, "1
, r > R ; r, "1 - . 3 * . , ,

"
" " . G & , 360.
- 4. 9 * G . 150 . , &
. " 1 . 4
.
, -" . -.* 1 & -" 1 , 2 , 3 ,
: : : , 150 ( . & 1 )?
4. : 4 . . A # .
5
* 7{8
* G , *5 1 . n . ,

64 6 n 6 159,
4 . .
- 5. E" " *" " **

. 4
.-&
#5 *" " *, *& * "
,
-",
"* 1 , .-&#5 . * * R . * "
I , *& * , .-&#5# *& * V = I R ( &
1
" .-&

).
5. * **
" *" O1 , O2 , O3 . 2
3
"
*"
" x, y, z
O1 , O2 , O3 (
G
"
&
* 1
& ). & I = 10x ( . .
1 x " *
I = 10x), R = 10;2y U = 10;z . '
x, y, z &
1 *1

,
x + z = 2y, . . 10;z = 10x 10;2y . K . , V = I R.

7 | 8
- 1. E& ,
1 00
| {z: : : 0} 1
| {z: : : 0} 500
49
99
46
** * - G .

1. 10150 + 5 10100 + 1. - (1050 + 1)3 = 10150 + 3 10100 +
3 1050 + 1, (1050 + 2)3 = 10150 + 6 10100 + 12 1050 + 8.
- 2. <
" A, B , C 6 D, 6 E , 6 F , 180
" 360. 5# 1 O #, 6 AOB = 6 D,
6 BOC = 6 E , 6 COA = 6 F ( 5# & . *
" ").
2. F - * O 5 ,
&" & ABC . 2

&" "* * 6 D < 6 C , 6 E < 6 A, 6 F < 6 B . @" -

,
+ "*# *.
-. AB ABC ABC1 , 6 C1 AB =
180 ; 6 E 6 C1 BA = 180 ; 6 F . P A1 B1 , 6 A1 BC = 180 ; 6 F ,
6 A1 CB = 180 ; 6 D, 6 B1 CA = 180 ; 6 D 6 B1 AC = 180 ; 6 E . & , . AA1 , BB1 , CC1
# *
1 , 3 + | * O.
O1 | * " & 1 AB1 C A1 BC . '
6 AO1 C =
6 F 6 BO1 C = 6 E . 9. + "
*, * & ABC1 &
. O1 6 AO1 B = D. , 6 AO1 B1 = 6 ACB1 = 180 ; 6 D = 6 BCA1 = 6 BO1 A1 .
+ *" AA1 BB1 # * O1 . P
." *, ** CC1
. O1 . H&
3 " " * ."# , O1 | + *
O.
- 3. < G -" 20 .- 20 .
. ., &
"1 .

.
&
# .

. E& , & . .- .
, -" &
"1 .
. 3 " .
.

-" .-".
3. <3 .- .
, ."1 &
. 3 "
.
. + .
a1 a2 , . .
a1 . '

, "1 & .
a2 ( 53 .
a3 ). K & .
a2 .
, "1 .
a3 a4 , & .
a3 .
. ' "
1
3
n- ,
"1 .
an ak ,
1 6 k 6 n ; 1. <& * ,
, n < 20. :,
k = 1. E 1 , .
ak ,
2 6 k 6 n ; 1,
k ; 1 k.
n-1 & .
an . E* * * .
"* *
& : &
"1 .
.
&
# .

.
+ & & .
.
- 4. G 1 A . O P ." * A0 , 1 ** OA
P . G 1 ." * , *5* . G1
. 4 & -" G* , O & ?
4. ABC |
"1 . "1 3 "1 OABC 1
O, *51 .
3 " (3 -
**# * OA, OB , OC , 3 -
|
& *). G* ABC P

P 3 OABC . 2 . . & *
3 .#
#5 ".
1) P
3 - . 2 G * .
2) P
-

, 3 - |
1 "
" O. 2 G * , *
* " *" #5 1 *1.
3) P
-

, 3 ." "
" O. 2 G # *
, "
&
& "
,

" " & ".
4) P -, 3 |
1 " " O. 2
G * .
5) P -, 3
|
1 " " O,
|
1. 2 G * , *5* . - 1 ", *

& * + *1, #5 1.
- 5.
x1951 ; 1 x4 + x3 +2x2 + x +1 * . <1
+G x14 .
5. : ;1. x4 + x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + 1)(x2 + x + 1) x12 ; 1 = (x ; 1)(x2 + x +
47
1)(x3 + 1)(x2 + 1)(x4 ; x2 + 1) ."# ,

12 ; 1
x4 + x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 = (x ; 1)(x3 x+ 1)(
x4 ; x2 + 1) =
12 1
= x8 ; x7 ; x6 + 2xx5 ;
; 2x3 + x2 + x ; 1 :
+
x1951 ; 1 x4 + x3 + 2x2 + x + 1 | + & ,

x12 ; 1, & x8 ; x7 ; x6 + 2x5 ; 2x3 + x2 + x ; 1. <
x1951 ; 1 = x1939 + x1927 + x1915 + + x19 + x7 + x7 ; 1
x12 ; 1
x12 ; 1
+ "1 +G +G x14 .

7
x1939 + + x19 + x7 + xx12 ;;11 (x8 ; x7 ; x6 + 2x5 ; 2x3 + x2 + x ; 1):
9 | 10
- 1. 2 3 - 1

" " a. <1 -# 5
, # &
* G* + 1
" .
1. : a2 =2. G* +
& -" " .
2
p
** * G 1
1 . 1, + 5

3a2 =4. 2

" **# * G* 3 - +
, + 5

1 G, * .
*

1 &
,

a2 =2B
*, p

&" 3 - +

1 . 3 * . , 3a2 =4 < a2 =2.

- 2. 9 * , &
. " 1951. -5
#-"
. - 1951. E. , - " + 2.
2h.
i a1, : : : , an |
" . 4 *
1, 2, 3, : : : , 1951,
*5*
1951
ak , ak . # -5 #-"
. a1 , : : : , an - 1951,
+
1, 2, : : : , 1951
,
*5 *

. a1 ,
: : : , an . +
1, 2, : : : , 1951,
*5* * -"
.
a1 , : : : , an ,
1951 1951
1951
a + a + + a :
1
<
1, 2, : : : , 1951 1951 , +

1951 1951
+
+ + 1951 6 1951:
a1
a2
an
1951
H "*, 1951
ak > ak ; 1,
1951
. .

1951
1951
;
1
+
;
1
+

+
a1
a2
an ; 1 < 1951
1951 + 1951 + 1951 + + 1951 < 1951 + n < 2 1951:
a1
a2
a3
an
A5* - 1951, - .
. + 1951 " # N > 4.
48
- 3. P -"1

& 14 ( *
" ). 2 -

- 25 &. E. , * .
- .
G
1
a) 1
* ." A1 , B1 , A2 , B2 , A3 , B3 , A4 , B4 ,
&

A1
B1 ,
&
A2
B2 ,
&
A3
B3

&
A4
B4 B
-) & . *, &"
-., 5 10 ."
A1 , B1 , A2 , B2 , A3 , B3 , A4 , B4 , A5 , B5 , " -
-" " 1 .
3. ) 8
" &, "
* * - ,

7-1
8-1. K -
&", "
i 6 7
j > 8. 2.3

7 7, . " 1, : : : , 7,
-G" | 8, : : : , 14. F - &,
51 i 6 7
j > 8,

, *5# i-1 j -
-G. 4 " # - 25, + 1 1 24 = 4 6
" .
E& , .
7 7 & "
A1 , : : : , A4 -G" B1 , : : : ,
B4 , Ai -G Bj * . A
& ,
& "

- G , * ,
"3 * 3 * 15 = 3 5 " . F &
-G
&
1 - 5 " , & .* #-# # "

&5 3 - G. E 1 , + "
" - G
&
- 9 " . F 1- ( -G ) 6 " ,

-G ( ),
*5 . " + 1 ( -G) 1
3 * - G
( ), - 4 " . @& "
+ - G. F
1- ( -G ) " , 1
3 * - G ( ),
- 3 " . @& "
+ - G.
P &
. ,
6 6 & "
- G,
" * , , -" "3 *
8 = 2 4 " .
6 6 & "
- G,
" * , , -" "3 *
3 = 1 3 " (
, -"
* ).
-) &
1 1, 2, : : : , 10
&
1
1 +

&,
-
". , &
*
- ,

k
k +1,
1 6 k 6 9. K -

&", " 1, 2, : : : , k "1

k + 1, k + 2, : : : , 10 = k + (10 ; k). 2 & -
k(10 ; k). :,
k(10 ; k) 6 25 (- & - -
,

5

6). F .
10 ." , 11, 12, 13, 14

- 4 " + B * #
* 1, 2, : : : , 10,
* #-1
1 " 1
3 * &, "1

1

1.
- 4. & -
1 , 3 &
"1
, -" &
* " + & . <1 . # #5#* #, # & , 1 & &
"1
, -" &
* " + #.
4. 2.3 & ,
1 , &
3
,
" " *# 120. A& +
,
&

". MG + 1 " -
- " 1 . E 1 ,
"1 + , . .??? -

1 O1 . 60 -

1 O2 .
. ( 3 O1
O2 ) 3 *
& , 3 &
* # #.
49
XV (1952)

7
- 1. 2 VABC & , * * L M N . E& ,

VLMN
"1 ( .
VABC ).
1. L M N & BC , CA AB . ' BNL
CLM -
" B " * " 12 (180 ; 6 B ) 12 (180 ; 6 C ). + 6 NLM =
1 (180 ; 6 A) < 90 . P
." *, " " NLM " .
2
- 2. E& &

(ax + by + cz )2 + (bx + cy + az )2 + (cx + ay + bz )2 =
= (cx + by + az )2 + (bx + ay + cz )2 + (ax + cy + bz )2:
2. O , - "& * "
(x2 + y2 + z 2)(a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 2(xy + yz + zx)(ab + bc + ca):
- 3. F 6 1
| " &
-1 ",
-". E& .
3. . "
"
* 3 -
1 a, b, c. '

** *
a b,
* | b c. K
" ", + a = c. P
." *, a = b = c.
- 4. E A B
&" . M N , & "1 15 M .

* # 6 /. 4 , *&
,
& # 15 /. A * * , B

C ,
5 . N M . E B
3 , C

A
3
, .& N .
4

& "1 . N
C , -" A B -" N
(
3
1 & #, A B )?
4. = -" A B -" N ,
&" 1
& * x

& * 15 ; x. '
C
B &
& 1
* x. + C
A

15 ; 2x, + A

15 ; x. 2 A B

30 ; 3x. + & * B 1
3
;3x = x , . . x = 60=11. B
C
15;x = 1 105 = 7 , C

x, + 3015
6 10
15 3 15 11
11
x
B
3 6 = 16 60
11 = 11 , + C
& "1 . M . 11
, A B
* * . M .
8
- 1. E& , G
" "
& ,
+ | "1.
1. H | * " AA1 , BB1 CC1 ABC . #
A1 H BH = B1 H AH . A
1 ", A1 B1 & &
AB ,
A1 H AH = B1 H BH . A
, AH = BH A1 H = B1 H , . , AC = BC . P
BC = AC .
- 2. E& &

(ax + by + cz + du)2 + (bx + cy + dz + au)2 + (cx + dy + az + bu)2 +
+ (dx + ay + bz + cu)2 =
= (dx + cy + bz + au)2 + (cx + by + az + du)2 + (bx + ay + dz + cu)2 +
+ (ax + dy + cz + bu)2 :
50
2. O , - "& * "

(x2 + y2 + z 2 + u2 )(a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 ) + 2(xy + yz + zu + ux)(ab + bc + cd + da) + 4(xz + yu)(ac + bd):
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 4. E A B
&" & . M N , & "1
15 M .
* # 6 /. 4 , *&

, & # 15 /. A * * , B

C ,
5 . N M . E B
3 , C

A
3
, .& N .
4

& "1 . N
C , -" *, . A B
N , -" (C
3 1 & #, A B B *, .
, *
"
A B . M
-" *
. N ).
4. = -" A B .
*,
&" -" N
, . .
&" 1
" **. E 1 , A

* x .&
15 ; x, B
y .& 15 ; y. '
*, . A, x6 + 1515;x = 1 + 10x , *, . B , 1 + 10y . < . +
B
& -" . & *, . A
*
x, B C #
* (15 ; y) + (15 ; y ; x). + 30;15x;2y = x6 , . .
7x + 4y = 60. ** x = y *# 7x + 4y = 60 (11=10 11=10). E* #-1
1
*1 7x + 4y = 60
x
y -
- .

,

& "1 C , -" A B -"
, | + .
4
* 7 .
9
- 1. E * *, . 1 | G ( 0 ;1). E& , #- . "-" 3 & * *
+ 1 .
1. 4&
"1 1
* *
aqn , n > 0. A1,

q = 1,
, + -
, q 6= 1.
&, 5 # ." G "
G " k1 , k2 , : : : , km+1 (m > 2),
* "
aqk1 + aqk2 + + aqkm = aqkm+1 :
(1)
l1 < l2 < < lm+1 | + k1 , k2 , : : : , km+1 , ." *

. *.
(1)

aql1 = aql2 aqlm+1 :
5 * aql1
1 = ql2 ;l1 (1 + ql3 ;l2 + + qlm+1 ;l2 ):
O * 1, *
* G ql2 ;l1 , -# * - 1. .
- 2. E" 3 5#5 * *" . E& , -
-5
*
-5
*.
2. a0 ? b a0 ? c, b0 ? c b0 ? a, c0 ? a c0 ? b. '
a ? b0 a ? c0 , b ? c0 b ? a0 , c ? a0
c ? b0 .
- 3. E& ,
x ; y

1 ; xy < 1
jxj < 1 jyj < 1.

3. # 1 ; x > 0, 1+ x > 0, 1 ; y > 0 1+ y > 0. + (1 ; x)(1+ y) > 0 (1+ x)(1 ; y) > 0,
. . 1 ; x + y ; xy > 0 1 + x ; y ; xy > 0. A
, 1 ; xy > x ; y 1 ; xy > y ; x. 4 ,
1 ; xy = j1 ; xyj.
- 4. VABC .- *1 BD
. E& ,
& 1,
" VABD VDBC , -
& , 1 VABC .
51
4. r, r1 r2 |
" " & 1 ABC , ABD BCD, p, p1
p2 | ", S , S1 S2 | 5
. '
S = S1 + S2 , S = pr, S1 = p1 r1 S2 = p2 r2 .
+ r = pp1 r1 + pp2 r2 . < BD < BC + CD, + p1 < pB p2 < p. A
,
r < r1 + r2 .
- 5. E
G " , *
#5 -.:
a1 | . 3 . ,
a2 |
G,
a3 |
G a2 .
. E& ,
a1 , a2 , a3 , : : :
-*. * - 1, - 4.
5. &
. , a2 6 92 3 = 243, . , a3 6 22 +92 2 = 166. F 100 6 a3 6 166,
a4 6 1 + 62 + 92 = 118, 100 6 a4 6 166, a5 6 2 + 64 < 100. +

- &

* ,
*5 99. K
*
1 1.
@" -
""

* 1, 4 , & * . + " -
" , G
- (
) *
*
1 "
. 2 .
#5
:
2, 4B 3, 9, 81, 65, 61, 37, 58, 89, 145, 42, 20, 4B 5, 25, 29, 85B 6, 36, 45, 41, 17, 50B 7, 49, 97, 130, 10B 8, 64,
42B 11, 2B 12, 5B 15, 26, 40B 19, 82, 68, 100B 27, 53, 34, 25B 33, 36B 35, 34B 38, 73B 39, 90B 44, 32B 47, 65B
48, 80B 55, 50B 57, 74B 59, 106B 66, 72B 67, 85B 69, 117, 51B 77, 98B 78, 113, 11B 88, 128, 69B 99, 162, 41.
10
- 1. <1
&

arcsin cos arcsin x arccos sin arccos x:
1. : arcsin cos arcsin x + arccos sin arccos x = 2 .

arcsin cos arcsin x = arccos sin arccos x = . '
0 6 6 =2. E 1 , 0 6
cos arcsin x 6 1, ; 2 6 arcsin x;6 2 , 0 6 sin
arccos x 6 1, 0 6 arccos x 6 . E ,
; sin ; ; = cos B cos = sin arccos x, +
sin = cos arcsin x, +
arcsin
x
=

2
2
;
arccos x = 2 x = cos 2 = sin . 9. , cos = sin (= x),
, + = 2 .
- 2. E& , G n > 2 jxj < 1
2n > (1 ; x)n + (1 + x)n :
2.
G# n. n = 2 (1 ; x)2 +(1+ x)2 = 2(1+ x2) < 4.
&
, (1 ; x)n + (1 + x)n < 2n. '

(1 ; x)n+1 + (1 + x)n+1 < ((1 ; x)n + (1 + x)n )((1 ; x) + (1 + x)) < 2n 2 = 2n+1 :
- 3. 2 3 "1 1 S G O. E& ,
,
*5* . *,
* *1 SO.
3. A, B C | * " *.
OA
* 1
SA, + 6 SAO = 90. P 6 SBO = 6 SCO = 90. 2 *" SAO,
SBO SCO " AO, BO CO " ( "
"), + " . A
, G A, B C . SO
# . < + . . ,
** SO
* ABC .
- 4. F #- & p *
ax2 + bx + c + p = 0
1 " & ", +G a #. E& .

4.
&, a > 0. '
- & " p
D = b2 ; 4ac ; 4ap
G , +
-5
1 " 1.
&,
a < 0. '
- & " p .
1, c+a p , G .
52

7
- 1. *
G 1 *
G # . ":
8 1;x x
>>
1 2
>< 1 ; x2 x3
1 ; x3 x4
:::
>>
>: 1 ; x14x15
1 ; x15 x1
= 0
= 0
= 0
:::
= 0
= 0:
1. : x1 = x2 = = x15 = 1. :, x2 6= 0, + . 1

x1 = x3 . 9. 1 x2 = x4 .
. 4 , .

1 x15 = x2 . 2 x1 = x3 = = x15 = x2 = x4 = = x14 .
+ . * x21 = 1, . . x1 = 1.
, - ."
- . "
1 **# * * ".
- 2. E* " "3 ABCD -#
: AB + CD = BC + DA. E& ,
& , * VABC , * & , 1 VACD.
2. K L | * 1 AC & 1, " ABC
ADC . '
2AK = AB + AC ; BC 2AL = AD + AC ; DC . + . AB + CD = BC + AD

, AK = AL, . . K L
# .
- 3. E& ,
* 0 999 : : : 9 (100
* ),
* 0 999 : : : 9 (100
* ).
3. F 0 < a < 1, 0 < a2 < a < 1. # 1 > a2 > 0 9| :{z: : 9}. + 1 > a > 0 9| :{z: : 9}
100
100
(
*, a & ).
- 4. E . AB . <1
C "
ABC .
4. 2.3 & S
AB
3 A B " lA lB
+ 1 & . 9" & ", 1 *" lA lB ,
& S .
8
- 1. 2" #
* #
* " .
r0 999 : : : 9 :
| {z }

1. F 0 < a < 1, 0 < a < pa < 1.
, a = 0 9| :{z: : 9} : : :
60
# a = 0 9| :{z: : 9}. + 1 > a > 0 9| :{z: : 9}.

60
60
60
- 2. 9. C

" " CA CB & O. 9. .1 N
& 5 "
*" ND, NE , NF *" AB , CA CB . E& ,
ND
G &
NE NF .
2. *" NBD NAE , NBF NAD
-", 6 NBD =
6 NAE 6 NBF = 6 NAD. A
, NB : NA = ND : NE NB : NA = NF : ND, . ,
ND : NE = NF : ND, . . ND2 = NE NF .
- 3. 9 # * & G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7. E& ,
. ,

+ & ,
*
.
3. a b | ." , "
+ & .
&,
a
* b a 6= b. '
a ; b &
* b. :, a;b b 6 7. A
1 ", a ; b
* 9, b
* 9. + a;b b
* 9.
- 4. 99 *" .-# n 1. <1
.&" . * n,
199.
53
4. 9
G 1 m
. , m *" .-# 1 + m + x 1,

x | * + *" 3 1 (+ . ,
* k *" * . k ; 1 *).
9.* +
G# m, &
. ,

" m *"
*" , #5 * 3 ." , + m *" .-# 1 1
2m + 1 1. 8.
G: m = 3B
" . * ,
&
1 1
*1
-* 1 1
" .
-5* # .
, "
, # G *",

" *", #5* 3 ." . ' -., - 99 *"
", - 99 *" # *
1 , - 98 *" "

** . * G* .- 100 1, - " |
198 1.
9
- 1. 1:
8 1;x x
>>
1 2
>< 1 ; x2 x3
1 ; x3 x4
:::
>>
>: 1 ; xn;1 xn
1 ; xn x1
= 0
= 0
= 0
:::
= 0
= 0:
1. : x1 = x2 = = xn = 1 3 n, x1 = x3 = = xn;1 = a x2 = x4 =
= xn = a1 (a 6= 0) 3 n. E* 3 n
.

1
* 7 . 3 n & x1 = x3 = = xn;1 , x2 = x4 = = xn;2
x2 = xn .
, ." -" . " **# * *
1 "
1.
- 2. "1 - - a G

a2 " " a , -"
* & * -.
2. F * G
& * -, G
-
. " 5 * -. -
G
, -"
-" "

*" 3 - -.
" G
" a=4, + * &
* & -" a=2. A
1 ", & " "
51 a &

* " *. + * &
* & -"
- a=2. A
, &
G
& 5 *

G
. +
G
, -" - -" *,
-.1* .. 1 G
,
* *
" G
. <"1 G
& 5 *, "1 G
.*
*

, 1 G
|
* . P
." *, "

G
& 5 *.
- 3. A. .
3
* 8 .
- 4. 2 -
VABC 6 ABC = 20 . < " CB AB .* "
P Q , 6 PAC = 50 6 QCA = 60. E& , 6 PQC = 30.
4. 2"- BC R , 6 CAR = 60 . S | * *"
CQ AR (.???). E
. , QP | - SQR, 60. "
" * ."# , 6 APC = 50 . + ACP -
"1, . ,
PC = AC = SC . H C -
PCS . : 20 ,
+ 6 SPC = 80 . 9. +
, 6 RSP = 40. 3 * . , 6 SRP = 40.
- 5. 200 " " * 10 &
*
20
&

*
. 2 &

*
"- "1 "1 , .
. -" 10 "- "1 .1. A
1 ", &
*
"-
"1 .1 , .
-" 20 "- "1 "1. 4 .
& *
" ?
5. A | "1 .1
", B | "1 "1
.. C

*
, A, *
, B . '
A
& C C & B , + A & B . (F A B . , A " B .)
54
10
- 1. E& ,

cos 32x + a31 cos 31x + a30 cos 30x + + a1 cos x
& " , G " . *.

1.
&,
cos 32x + a31 cos 31x + a30 cos 30x + + a1 cos x
& " . * x. x x + , , "&
cos 32x ; a31 cos 31x + a30 cos 30x ; + a2 cos 2x ; a1 cos x
& " . * x. A& + "& *, ,
cos 32x + a30 cos 30x + + a4 cos 4x + a2 cos 2x
& " . * x. & " &
*,
. ** x x+ 2 , x+ 4 , x+ 8 , x+ 16 . 2 . , cos 32x & "
. * x. < x = =32 "& cos 32x . ;1. .
- 2. A. .
2
* 9
- 3. E& , G A 3x2n + Axn + 2
*
2x2m + Axm + 3.
3.
&, 3x2n + Axn + 2
* 2x2m + Axm + 3. '

#-1 2x2m + Axm + 3 ** *
3x2n + Axn + 2. F xi |
pA &
2 ;24
;
A

2
m
m
m
m
p 2x + Ax + 3, xi =
= 12 . @& , xm
1 = 1 x2 = 2 .
4
2
12 = ;A 6A ;24 |
3 3x2 + Ax + 2.
1. A2 ; 24 > 0.
2 + j1 j 6= j2 j, +

xn1 =p 1 xn2 = 2 . A
1 ", jx1 x2 j =
p
m

1 " jx1 x2 j = j1 2 j = m 3=2 > 1.
#.
2. A2 ; 24 6 0.
2
pn j j = pn 2=3 < 1,
1 2
p
p
p
2 + j1 j = j2 j = 3=2 pj 1 j = j 2pj = 2=3. + ,
1 ", jx1 j = m j1 j =
p
m 3=2 > 1,
1 ", jx j = n j j = n 2=3 < 1. A
#.
1
1
- 4. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 5. A. .
5
* 9 .
2
55
XVI (1953)

7
- 1. E. , G - , - .

1. . & G# ,
1 . &
G, . A - G
+
, + 180. , - 180.
- 2. <1 , ."

G, -"
,
. (333 : : : 33).
2. : 11
| {z: : : 1}. = an = 11
| {z: : : 1}
* 33
| {z: : : 3}

,
n
*
n
300
100
3 an
* a100 . & , an
* am

,
n
* m. :,
9an = 10n ; 1. + an
* am

,
10n ; 1
* 10m ; 1.
n = dm + r,
0 6 r < m. '

10n ; 1 = (10n;m + 10n;2m + + 10n;dm)(10m ; 1) + 10r ; 1:
, 10n ; 1
* 10m ; 1

,
n
* m.
- 3. .
. 5# . (A 5# &

*"
*",
*" .*.)
3. 2
* l AB AB C D. 2

* l0 AB B , .
3
*" *1 l C D

* l0 C 0 D0 . -. . X * *" AD0
BD . Y | * *" AC 0 BC . '
** XY . AB

.
- 4. E& , #- G & n n2 + 8n + 15
* n + 4.
4. E . , n2 + 8n + 15 = (n + 4)2 ; 1.
8
- 1. ' & # *

. = . *
& .
E. , + &
* &
1 . 3
". (H &

* & * * ." * , -."1 " + 1 .)
1. A, B , C | *, A1 , B1 C1 | G "
" & 1, 3
A, B C & . B1 C1 , C1 A1 A1 B1 . '
A1 B = A1 C , B1 A = B1 C
C1 A = C1 B . 9. +
, A, B C | * 1 &
A1 B1 C1 . E 1 , A1 B = A1 C = x, B1 A = B1 C = y C1 A = C1 B = z .
'
, , x = A1 B1 +A12C1 ;B1 C1
* * 1 & A1 B1 C1
A1 B1 A1 C1 & "* *. 2 . ,
"
A1 B , B1 C C1 A
" & 1 # * 1 & ABC .
- 2. A. .
2
* 7 .
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 4. E.
z qn}|
{
r
p
2; 2+ 2++ 2 1
r q
> 4:
p
2; 2+ 2++ 2

{z
}
r q
r q
p
p
4. a = 2 + 2 + + 2. '
2 + 2 + + 2 = p2 + a.
{z
}
{z
}
|
|
n;1
n;1
56
' -., - *
. ,
2 ; 2 + a > 1:
2;a
4
9
G 1 n
. , a < 2. +
#5 + " - :
8 ; 4 2 + a > 2p; a
6+a
> 4 2 + a:
.
*
36 + 12a + a2 > 32 + 16a, . . (a ; 2)2 > 0.
9
- 1. <1 ,

" " (x y)
*# #
sin (x + y) = 0.
1. : 1 *", .
" *
x + y = k,
k | .
G .
- 2. AB A1 B1 |
5#5* .. O O1 |
". E& ,
. OO1 "
AA1 ;;;
BB!1 . ;;! ;! ;;! ;;;!
;!
;;!
;;
!1 = .
AO
+
OO
+
O
!BB1;;!
= BO + OO1 + O1 B1 . H "*,

2
.
A&

AA
1
1 A1;;
;!
!
;
;;
!
;;!
;
!
1
AO + ;!
BO = ;!
0 ;
O;;
A
+
O
B
=
0
,

OO
=
(
AA
+
BB
1 1
1 1
1
1
1 ). 9. + -
2

" -., *" AA1 BB1 -" ".
- 3. E& ,
x200 y200 + 1 .*

.
*
x
y.
3.
&, 5 # " f (x) = a0 xn + a1 xn;1 + + an g(y) = b0 ym +
m
b1 y ;1 + + bm ,
* " f (x)g(y) = x200 y200 +1. & x = 0, an g(y) = 1, . . g(y) = 1=an
y. & y = 0, , f (x) = 1=bm x. ' -., f (x)g(y) =
1
200 200
an bm | , G* x y + 1,
, ** * 1.
- 4. A | .3 .
* . O* AA1 BB1 CC1 DD1 EE1 ** * . *" AB DE
& "
* F . E& ,
ABB1 CC1 DED1 "3 AD1 EF .
4. :, AB kEC AC kEF . + "3 ACEF | . 2 , SEFA = SACE . E , SAA1 BB1 CC1 DED1 = SACE ; SAED1 + SABB1 + SEDC1 SAD1 EF = SEFA + SAED1
(.???). < SAED1 = SABB1 = SEDC1 , AED1 , ABB1 EDC1 ".
- 5. A. .
4
* 8 .
10
- 1. A. .
1
* 9 .
- 2. E *1 1 O. <1 , "
, *, "

,
&5
# O.
2. : ( 1 O), "1

" .
OS ,
S |
.
- 3. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 4. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 5. A. .
4
* 8 .

7
- 1. E. , -1 -51

"
-5
- -5
# .
1. 2 -5 a b
* "
, "
*
a b. '
-1 -51
" -5 .
+

. # &
& *
. a = p : : :
b = p : : : , 3 6 . '
a b
p : : : , -5
57

p : : : . + "1 -1 -51

p : : : . <-1
-51
a b 1 &
.
- 2. & "3 . F
# * G + 1
& . E& , + "3 | -.
2. "3 ABCD & G O. F
AC

. O, ** AC ** * # "3 , + AB = AD
CB = CD. P
BD
. O, BA = BC DA = DC .
- 3. 2 & 11 .- " 3 -., G
.-G ", | .
. < G,
,

G , G
". @ 5 * 3 1 "?
3. : . A
3
&" 5 * &" *. +
3 1 11
&" 5 *
( 3 3 " 5# *
, 3 " | &). A
1 ", 3
1 11
, +
&" 5 * &" *.
- 4. '"* ** * " "* , &
53 * , . * &
1 *1. E"1 "*
. . -., ." 1500 **# * + #
. A *
. .?
4. : 1998. A " 1000-
53 500 360, #5 500 . ,
998 180 + 500 360 = (998 + 2 500)180. + "
998 + 2 500 = 1998.
- 5.
8> x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x = 1
>< x11 + 3x22 + 4x33 + 4x44 + 4x55 = 2
>> xx11 ++ 33xx22 ++ 55xx33 ++ 67xx44 ++ 68xx55 == 34
: x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 + 7x4 + 9x5 = 5:
5. : x1 = x3 = x5 = 1, x2 = x4 = ;1.
, , . " , , .
" , .
.:
8 x + 2x + 2x + 2x + 2x
>> 1 2 3 4 5
x2 + 2x3 + 2x4 + 2x5
<
x3 + 2x4 + 2x5
>>
x4 + 2x5
:
x5
=
=
=
=
=
1
1
1
1
1:
' &

1 x5 , x4 , x3 , x2 , x1 .
8
- 1. a, b, c d |
"
" "3 . -. . S 5
.
E. ,
S 6 14 (a + b)(c + d):
1. . & "3
a d, b c. 2 .
2S 6 ad + bc. 3 *
. 2S 6 ac + bd. E* +
#5 -.. & c d, 3 &
a b , -" * "3
" a, b, c d. "1
"3 & . .
a c, b d. + 2S 6 ac + bd.
- 2. 1953 G" "" . 9. , + G" 1 ,
*
3 , 1953-.
* 27. E& ,
1 #-
, & -

* 27.
58
2. @"
& - &
, . 1953 . n,
*5 * 3. a0 + a1 10 + a2 102 + + an 10n;1 = a0 + 10a

* 27. E
. ,
a1 + a2 10+ + an 10n;2 + a0 10n;1 = a +10n;1a0 &
* 27. E* +
, . 9a + (1 ; 10n;1)a0

* 27. x = 9a + (1 ; 10n;1)a0
y = a0 + 10a. = x
* 27

,
10x = 90a + (10 ; 10n)a0 =
9y + (1 ; 10n)a0
* 27. < n
* 3, 10n ; 1 = 99
| {z: : : 9}
* 27.
n
- 3. < &

" A1 A2 : : : A16 : .&" "" , " "
* *
A1 A2 : : : A16 : .-3 +

". 2 # -

, " A1 ** * 1. 2 #
* , " A1
. 2 1 -
?
3. : 1. 4&
,
&5 A1 , & ,
&51 A1 ,
- A1 . - * G*
( -" " A1 ) .&
* , " 4.
- 4. 2 & n .- " 3 -., G
.-G ", | .
. < G,
G ". @
5 * 3 1 "?
4. : n 3 , n 3 . A. .
3
* 7 .
- 5.
8 x + 2x + 2x + + 2x = 1
>> 1 2 3
100
< x1 + 3x2 + 4x3 + + 4x100 = 2
> x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 + + 6x100 = 3
>>:
:::
x1 + 3x2 + 5x3 + + 199x100
:::
= 100:
5. : x1 = x3 = = x99 = ;1, x2 = x4 = = x100 = 1. #

.
5
* 7 .
9
- 1. A. .
2
* 8 .
- 2. 2
VA1 A2 A3 ** l , -.#5*
& A1 A2 , A2 A3 , A3 A1 " 3 , 1 , 2 . = . A1 , A2 , A3
* * *" ,
-.#5 l " 2d ; 1 , 2d ; 2 , 2d ; 3 . E. , + *" # *

1 . 2 " "# * *1 l
. (d 90 |
. .)
2. 2
3
, "- *# l x. (a1 b1),
(a2 b2 ), (a3 b3) |
" A1 , A1 , A3 . ** A2 A3 .
3 *
x ; a2 y ; b2
a3 ; a2 = b3 ; b2 :
**,
3 * . A1 , .
3 * , +G
x y & -# 1 , &"1 .. ' -., + **
.
3 *
x ; a1 + y ; b1 = 0:
a3 ; a2 b3 ; b2
< * *",
3 " . " A2 A3 . H& "
+ 1 (a3 ; a2 )(b3 ; b2 ), (a1 ; a3 )(b1 ; b3 ), (a2 ; a3 )(b2 ; b3 ) &
. O , .* &

#. 9. +
, *" ,
.
" + *, # *
1 .
- 3. E" * ax2 + bx + c = 0 (1) ;ax2 + bx + c (2). E. , x1 x2 |
-- 1 (1) (2), 1
3 * 1 x3 * a2 x2 +bx+c =
0, - x1 6 x3 6 x2 , - x1 > x3 > x2 .
3. x = x1 x = x2 3 a2 x2 + bx + c . * ;ax21 =2 3ax22 =2. K
. * # ." ., +
. 1 3 & &
x1 x2 .
59
- 4. E 1 - . 101 200 . <* 1-- 1 ,
3
&
"1 .,

*
G", *
& * ,
. & (???).
3 "
--

. " ?
4. :
,
3 .
1 - . 100 199 , &
G "
. < - &
& *
. 4&
"1 .,

* , -
** , &* #5 *. 2
1 19 900
3
B
G"
# " .
- 5. . . - "
".
5. 2 "
& .*
. -, 1
| -,
&5 + .
10
- 1. <1 *
1 ; x1 + x(x2!; 1) ; + (;1)n x(x ; 1) : : n: (! x ; n + 1) = 0:
1. : 1, 2, : : : , n.
1 ; k1 + k(k2!; 1) ; + (;1)k k(k ; 1)k!: : : 2 1 = (1 ; 1)k = 0
." , k = 1, 2, : : : , n **# * *
*. 8 n 1 +
& , n.
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
2
p
- 3. x0 = 109, xn = x2nx;n1;+21 . E. , 0 < x36 ; 2 < 10;9.
3. 9. &

2
p
p
p
xn ; 2 = xn2;x1 + 2 ; 2 = 2x1 (xn;1 ; 2)2
n;1
n;1
p
p
. , xn ; 2 > 0. 4 , "*, xnx;n1;;1 2 < 1,
p
p
(1)
xn ; 2 < xn;12; 2
, "*, xn;1 > 1,
p 2
p
(2)
xn ; 2 < (xn;1 2; 2) :
103 3 ; 1000 3
p
p
9
9. (1)
, xn ; 2 < 2xn0 . 2 , x30 ; 2 < 10
=
= 1024 < 1.
30
2p
210
p
p
3
' ,
(2),p x31 ; 2 < 1=2, px32 ; 2 < 1=2 , x33 ; 2 < 1=27,
p .
p
x34 ; 2 < 1=215, x35 ; 2 < 1=231, x36 ; 2 < 1=263. + x36 ; 2 < 1=263 < 1=230 < 1=109.
- 4. A. .
5
* 9 .
- 5. < - 1 1
. <1 ,
& .
2n
.
5.
*
3 3 1 . 2 ,
&
. 2
, .-& " .??? A1 n = 1 # "1. n > 1 & ,

& . 2n
,
#5 -.. 2.3
1 8n + 1
( G +
). & +
" 1 2n (
.??? #5* .-&
* n = 2). 2n
&
3 " 1 ".
E& + . &
. , 3

- # ,
3 | 3 #. 9
G 1 m &
. , m > 3, . m

#-# #5 G (3 3 m - 3 m)
", * * .
1 4m +1 "3 1
m. m = 3 + * *,
G
.
60
XVII (1954)

7
- 1. # # . .

. . 4 , -" . & -" &
""1 .
1. A. .???
-
2. E"
"" A1 A2A3 A4 : : : An B1B2B3 B4 : : : Bn . 9. , A1 A2 =
B1 B2 A2 A3 = B2 B3 : : : An A1 = Bn B1 n ; 3
" "
. 8
"?
2. :
, -
.
G# n. n = 3
, "
" " ".
n-,
n > 4. #
" " . & &
,
"
.##
"1 . K ", + * (n ; 1)-
&
&
G. E 1 , .* " " ", "
" ".
- 3.
"3 . ,
+
. .
*

#5 1 :

+ &

. .
* 1 :
j

3. : 1014 (
2 3), 1035 (
5 9) 1512 (

3 7).
2 *
* & -" 1:
1 j
F
1abc, 1
* 10 + a ; x = 1. = x

9 ** * .

" , 10. 4 , 1
* 10 + a ** * .

" , " 1. E* a # *
.& : a = 0, 5 6. 2 1 .
*
, , 2 5, 3
5, 4. 2 1 | 3 9, 2 7, 3 5. E , 10b + c
* , .
*
1 . -* .#5 . ",

*5
"3 ." .
- 4. A5 # G " m n,
*#5 # m2 + 1954 = n2 ?
4. : , 5 # .
&, n2 ; m2 = 1954. F
. m n
3 ,
3 , n2 ; m2 3 . + - m n - 3 ", - 3 ".
O ,
n2 ; m2
* 4. P 1954 4
*.
- 5.
- . * 3 . ,
G + .
61

5. : 100. A G 3 . 100a + 10b + c a + b + c. :,
100a+10b+c
a+b+c
6 100. 4 ,

* 100 . 100.
8
- 1. 9.
. 3 3 " .
, *
* .3 1
-,
- 1.
1. F " .3
1 1, & 4
1 1
&
1 . &" + "3
& -
"1 *"1
.1 1, . , *
p
* -1 - #
.3 . K & " . .
1 2 2 < 3.
- 2. 9. .1 1 O " n- 5 "
*"
" (
& *). < &

* O # ,

" 1 ", # 5
*.

" .
2. F " 3 ." " 90 & 2, ;

* * "
!
.
A

0
,
+
"
& ;!
0.
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 4. A. .
4
* 7 .
- 5. <1 * " 1

x 1 ; 21n + y 1 ; 2n1+1 + z 1 ; 2n1+2 = 0

n = 1 2 3 4 : : :
5. : y = ;3x, z = 2x (x | . ).
E& , .* - * 1 +
1:
x + y + z = 0
4x + 2y + z = 0:
2- ", " " . * , & 2n1+2 , n-

1 ". 2- ", & . "
1
1 "
1
1
1
x 1 ; 2 + y 1 ; 4 + z 1 ; 8 = 0
1
1
1
x 1 ; 4 + y 1 ; 8 + z 1 ; 16 = 0

# ."
*. E 1 , " * . * , x4 + y8 +
z
16 = 0. - + #, x + y + z = 0.
9
- 1. E. ,
x40 + a1 x30 + a2 x20 + a3 x0 + a4 = 0

4x30 + 3a1 x20 + 2a2x0 + a3 = 0
x4 + a1 x3 + a2 x2 + a3 x + a4
* (x ; x0 )2 .
1. f (x) = x4 + a1 x3 + a2 x2 + a3 x + a4 . # f (x0 ) = f 0 (x0 ) = 0. A
, x0 |
"1 f (x), . . f (x)

* (x ; x0 )2 .
- 2. E 123456789101112131415 : : : 99100. 2" 100 G , -" *
-" -.
2. : 9999978596061 : : : 99100. "3 .
100 G "

-

& ., + &, -" " G" -"
- .&". A " 84 G" (
** . | G 4 49) ,
62
-" 999995051 : : : 5758596061 : : : 99100. @" & " 53 16 G. = -"

#5 1 . 99999 G1 -" G 9, & " 19 GB " +
& .
G 8 " & & :
* + & " 17 G. < " &
G 7, "3 * 15 G 505152535455565. + " "

GB +
& -" G 5 58.
- 3. E 100 a1 , a2 , a3 , : : : , a100 ,
*#5 *:
a1 ; 3a2 + 2a3
a2 ; 3a3 + 2a4
a3 ; 3a4 + 2a5
:::
:::
a99 ; 3a100 + 2a1
a100 ; 3a1 + 2a2
> 0
> 0
> 0
:::
:::
> 0
> 0:
E. , ai " &

-1.
3. A& + . 4+G ak & * " 1 ; 3 + 2 = 0. '
-., - G " a1 ; 3a2 + 2a3 , : : : , " 0. ,
&
. 0, . . , 1. K *
-

(a1 ; a2 ) + 2(a3 ; a2 ) > 0
(a2 ; a3 ) + 2(a4 ; a3 ) > 0
:::
:::
(a100 ; a1 ) + 2(a2 ; a1 ) > 0:

9. + 1
a2 ; a3 = (a1 ; a2 )=2, a3 ; a4 = (a2 ; a3 )=2 = (a1 ; a2 )=22 ,
: : : , a1 ; a2 = (a100 ; a1 )=2 = (a1 ; a2 )=2100.
.& a1 = a2 . <

a2 = a3 , a3 = a4 , : : : , a100 = a1 .
- 4. E ABC . A1 , B1 , C1 | * *" AS , BS , CS BC , CA, AB ,
S | .* **
ABC . E. , , 1 1 ,
. " "3 AB1 SC1 , C1 SA1 B ,
A1 SB1 C " C1 , B1 , C1 , A1 , A1 , B1 |
- " .
4.
&, &
. " "3 AB1 SC1 , C1 SA1 B , A1 SB1 C
1 1
. &
1 C1 B1 , C1 A1 , A1 B1 "1. , ,
"3 AB1 SC1 C1 "1. '
"3 C1 SA1 B
C1 1, + A1
& -" ". '
"3
A1 SB1 C A1 1, + B1
& -" ".
A2 , B2 , C2 | * " 5 " . A, B , C " . '

C1
& & . BC2 , A1 | . CA2 , B1 | . AB2 . <
. AA1 , BB1 CC1 *
1 , . AA2 ,
BB2 CC2 # *
1 ( * " ).
#.
- 5. A5 # " A B C D , AB = CD = 8 ,
AC = BD = 10 , AD = BC = 13 ?
5. : , 5 # . < 82 + 102 < 132 ." , ABC
"1. & , +
ABCD ", ABC
& -"
". O#- +
&
,
* . &
- +
, # & -. F
"1 +
"1,

**# * "
*, . . *. ' -., +
*"1
.
F
" 3 - +
" a, b, c,
"
3 -
+

" a2 + b2 , b2 + c2 , c2 + a2 . < (a2 + b2 ) + (b2 + c2 ) > c2 + a2 .. ."# ,

+
**# * " .
10
- 1. <1
1 " * *
x2 + 2x sin (xy) + 1 = 0:
63
1. : x = 1, y = ; 2 + k.
F "
;

x,
-
4 sin2 (xy) ; 1 . E
& -" G ", + sin2 (xy) > 1,
. . sin(xy) = 1. * * x2 2x + 1 = 0 #
x = 1. E , sin(y) = 1,
sin y = ;1.
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. E 100 a1 a2 a3 : : : a100 ,
*#5 *:
a1 ; 4a2 + 3a3 > 0

a2 ; 4a3 + 3a4 > 0
a3 ; 4a4 + 3a5 > 0
:::
:::
:::
:::
a99 ; 4a100 + 3a1 > 0
a100 ; 4a1 + 3a2 > 0:
9. , a1 = 1,
a2 , a3 , : : : , a100 .
3. : a1 = a2 = = a100 = 1. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 4. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 5. A. .
5
* 9 .

7
- 1. E 1 -. 4&

"1 . -. * 1 -1. 4 ." - & -. + .", -" . ,
*#5
.,
-. "
" -,
*, 1 1 ,
. , -. "1
1 .
-?
1. :
* -. K -" & *
.
- 2. M
, .-& .???. 9. A B
" .&#

", "
# *
1 #. E
3 ,
&
*
&
& & , 120
*
& * (. . ???).
@ " *?
2. : , . @" .&# 3 ." " , +
-" * 1 G ,
*

. < &
1
G
& * +

. (.???)B
*
1 G
." * .
- 3. :
10x1 +
2x1
6x1
3 x1
4 x1
3x2 + 4x3
11x2 + 2x3
+ 15x3
x2 ; 3x3
5x2 + 3x3
2x2 ; 3x3
8x2 + x3
+ x4
+ 2x4
+ 4x4
+ 12x4
+
+
x4
4x4
x4
+
+
+
x5
3x5
5x5
; 3x5
+ 17x5
+ x5
; 3x5
x6
4x6 +
x6 +
x6
; 16x6 +
+
+
+
+
x7
x7
2 x7
+ 19x7
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0:
3. : x1 = x2 = = x7 = 0.
P
* 1
"
7i=1 aij xi = 0. 4+G " aij -
#
P

#5 1 : jajj j > i6=j jaij j
* &
j . x1 , : : : , x7 | 1
".
&, * -"
. x1 , : : : P
, x7 *. xk P
| -
-# 1 . + . '
jakk xk j > j i6=k aik xi j, + 7i=1 aik xi = 0
& "* *.
#.
64
8
- 1. 9. 1 - " .

17 17. 2
." -.
" 1, 2, 3, : : : , 70

&
1 .
E. , 5 # " ." G A, B , C , D ,
AB = CD, AD = BC , *5 G A C ,
G B D.
1. .&" " , " G
. 4 (172 ; 1)=2 = 144. A , "
& -" 2,
3, : : : , 140. + 1
*
" , " G
, "
" . 2 A C .3 G "
1 " ,
B D | G "
1 ".
- 2. E" " *" m1 , m2 , m3 , m4 , #5 *
1 O. = . .#
A1 *1 m1
*#, # m4 ,
* *1 m2 A2 , .
A2
*#, # m1 ,
* m3 A3 , . A3

*#, # m2 ,
* *1 m4 A4 , . A4
*#,
# m3 ,
* m1 B .
E. , OB < OA2 1 (. . ???).
2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. E
H = 2 3 5 7 11 13 17 19 23 29 31 37
(.
" ). 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, : : : , H -
, ""
*
. *.
*

1 " *
. +1 ;1
#5 :

G 1
+1,
, . * 3 " & 1, +1,
,
. * 3 " & 1, ;1.
E. , *
0.
3. 8
." R3 "S
, "1 . * 3 " & 1 (1 * R3 "S
*), R 3 "S |
, "1 . * 3
" & 1. E&
G 1 k, Nk = 2 3 5 7 pk (.

" k " ) 2k;1 R3 "S
1 2k;1 R 3 "S
1. ('

*
Nk * 2k;1 ; 2k;1 = 0.)
E* N1 = 2 &

.
&, &

.
* Nk . =
Nk+1 2k;1 R3 "S
1 2k;1 R 3 "S
1,
*5* pk+1 ( +

**# *
* Nk ). +
1
,
*5 * pk+1 . P
, 2k;1 R3 "S
1, #5 R 3 "S
* Nk , 2k;1 R 3 "S
1, #5 R3 "S

* Nk . 2 2k;1 + 2k;1 = 2k R3 "S
1 2k R 3 "S
1.
- 4. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 5. A 1 & ?
5. : 0, 1 7.
-*.
.
. ( " "
.-# * " " ). . '

" " " " . 2 * & -" &
* 5 ." ( ") -. O
, &
. +
3 " ."# * " " & .
9
- 1. <
l1 l2 ,
*5 . O, & " . OA1 OB1 l1 OA2
OA1 6= OB1 .
OB2 l2 B + OA
OB2
2

S * *" A1 A2 B1 B2 5 l2
O ( l1
& ).
1. @ * SA2 B2 *1 l1 ,
SA1 A2 O B2 B1 = 1:
A2 A1 B2 O SB1
65
5 l2 * A2 O : B2 O B2 B1 : A2 A1 # * *", +

SA1 : SB1 & 3 * *". ' A1 B1 + ". M
S ,
* " SA1 : SB1 *, | + & (" / ).
- 2. E" " *" m1 , m2 , m3 , m4 , #5 *
1 O. = . .#
A1 *1 m1
*#, # *1 m4 ,
* *1 m2 A2 ,
. A2
*#, # m1 ,
* m3 A3 , . A3
*#,
# m2 ,
* m4 A4 . A4
*#, # m3 ,
* m1 B .
E. , OB 6 OA4 1 (. . ???).
2. ~a = ;;!
OA1 , ~b = ;;!
OA2 , ~c = ;;!
OA3 , d~ = ;;!
OA4 . 2". + " . e1 = ~a e2 = d~. 2
.
~b = e1 + 1 e2
~c = ~b ; 2 e1 = (1 ; 2 )e1 + 1 e2
e2 = ~c ; 3~b = (1 ; 2 ; 3 )e1 + (1 ; 1 3 )e2 :
9.
" # * 1 ; 2 = 3 1 ; 13 = 1. < G, ;e1 = ;!
OB .
'
;e1 = e2 ; 4~c = ;4 (1 ; 1 ) ; 4 1 e2 , + = 4 (1 ; 1 ) 4 1 = 1. H "* +
*, = 31 = 3 (1 ; 3 ) 6 41 .
- 3. A & " C1 , C2 , : : : , C100
*# *
2
C12 + C22 + : : : C100
> 10000
C1 + C2 + : : : C100 < 300:
E. ,
& 1 , " - 100.
3. @& , C1 > C2 > : : : > C100 > 0. F C1 > 100, C1 + C2 + C3 > 100. +
-
, C1 < 100. '
100 ; C1 > 0, 100 ; C2 > 0, C1 ; C2 > 0 C1 ; C3 > 0, +
100(C1 + C2 + C3 ) > 100(C1 + C2 + C3 ) ; (100 ; C1 )(C1 ; C3 ) ; (100 ; C2 )(C2 ; C3 ) =
= C12 + C22 + C3 (300 ; C1 ; C2 ) >
> C12 + C22 + C3 (C3 + C4 + + C100 ) >
2 > 10000:
> C12 + C22 + C32 + + C100
A
, C1 + C2 + C3 > 100.
- 4. F
*
. 15
& 1 *
a1 a2 : : : a15
(1)
b1 b2 : : : b15
(2)

bi (i = 1 2 3 : : : 15) *
(1), ai . A5 *
ai ,

*
bi :
1 0 3 6 9 4 7 2 5 8 8 5 10 13 13?
4. : , 5 .

&, - "1 *
ai 5 . ai bi *# * & . 4 , ai & " *
. *, bi &
& " *
. *. 1 , : : : , 15 | + a1 , : : : , a15 , & " *

. *, 1 , : : : , 15 | b1 , : : : , b15 , & " *
. *, . . 1 , : : : , 15
| +

0 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 13 13:
9. , 1 = 0, 2 = 1, 3 = 2, 4 = 3, 5 = 4, 6 = 5 7 = 5,
, 1 < 2 < 3 <
4 < 5 < 6 = 7 . 2 7 = 8 , 8 = 5, 7 < 8 , 8 = 7. P 8 = 6.

#.
- 5. E . OA. 9. G . A "
5 . AB1 , AB2 , AB3 , AB4 , AB5 . 9.
&
1 Bi "
53 * " .,
. .
.
66
@& -
" G " . * * 1001?

-
" G . ,
&5#
. ( O).
5. :
, & .
* . . G . **# * 5 "
-
" G

"1. 2 . -
" G * 4.
+ * 3 .
" k ., -
" G 4k + 1. k = 250
& -
" G.
10
- 1. A 1 & *

?
1. : 0, 1, 2, 3 6.
1
" ABCD -*.
&
3 ". E 1 , -" -"
" , "
1 , "
"
" & -"
1 . +
. .
3 *
1 A B , &5 1. + AC = BC AD = BD.

&,
.
#5 " - -5# (.???), - (.???-). 2 " #
,
* - 3 , - 6 (

- - "
-
*, . . +
). 2
- 2
, - 6 ( c = d 6= a, " 1 . ).
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 4. 9. ,
1 1
x2 + Ax + B = 0
x2 + Cx + D = 0

G".
E. ,
1 * x2 + A+2 C x + B+2 D = 0 &
G". A, B , C , D |
1 " .
4. jxj > 1. '
x2 + Ax + B > 0 x2 + Cx + D > 0. + x2 + A+2 C x + B+2 D > 0.
- 5. # * .&"
* ." , ." " 5 2 1. .-
, -" & #-"
&
,

& *
.
5. 3 , . " * 3
,
| , . " * 3
. E

-
&

, -

1 1
- ,

. F
.", -
1,

2B &
+
, 1 1
. F

1 1
- ,
, 1 1

1
. #
G" . .
67
XVIII (1955)

7
- 1. = 1 2 : : : 49 & "

# -G
1
8
2 3 4 5 6 7
9 10 11 12 13 14
::: ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: :::

43 44 45 46 47 48 49:
. . -G" "" *, . -G" "3 * - G,
&5 + . ' &
" * 1* -G 1 .
., 7 .. <1
"" .
1. : 175. A. .
1
* 8 .
- 2. E *"1 ABC . 9. " B *

BD.
K | * " ADVABD & #, 1 + .
<1 " VABC , K
AD .
2. : 6 BAC = 60 6 BCA = 30.
' K
AD , + AB = BD. ' B & &
AC ,
+ BD = DC = DA. ' -., AC = 2AB . + 6 BAC = 60 6 BCA = 30.
- 3. E 1 VABC . < AB BC .* " D E , AE = CD.
<1 * . AE CD.
3. : " ,
3 * . " B ,
& , . 1 AC

120.
T D. < BC
E1 E2 ,
* " AE1 = AE2 = CD. P
, ,
* " BE1 = AD CE2 = AD. . AE2 CD # * " BH
ABC . . CD * . . AE1 60 G ABC . + . * . CD AE1 AC

120.
- 4. A5 n, n2 + n + 1
* 1955?
4. : , 5 . = n2 + n
5
3 - 0, - 1,
- 2. + n2 + n + 1
* 5, . , n2 + n + 1
* 1955.
- 5. <1 *, " & . . 13 "
.
5. : * 13 : 1.
4
", " . . *, # ". + &
* * .- " :
m 1,
* n. -5

mn, + mn = 13. < 13 , +
. m n 1,

13.
8
- 1. 2n = 10a + b. E. , n > 3, ab

* 6. n, a b | G " , b < 10.
1. 24 = 16, 24k * 6. A , 24k+1 , 24k+2 , 24k+3
# * 2, 4, 8. E*
24k - &

, b = 6.
& , b
3 . +
, 24k+1 ; 2, 24k+2 ; 4, 24k+3 ; 8
* * 3, "
, 24k ; 1
* 3. = 24 = 16

3
3 1, + 24k &
3 1
3.
- 2. E " ABCD. < AB .* K , BC | L,
CD | M AD | N , , KB = BL = a, MD = DN = b.
KL 6k MN . <1 * *" KL MN . a b.
2. : (. .???).
- 3. 4
* -G . 49 . 1
7 , &
-G
&
1 # * + . F -G
,
5 1
. "1 &1, + 1
# * + .
3. A. .
1
* 10 n = 7.
- 4. 4 "" "
& *#?
68
4. : , , .#3 * &

* " *".
- 5. < &
" " A, B , C , D. = . &
#

& . 2 " *
& 1 -. . A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 . (< " .
&.) E. , A1 , B1 , C1 , D1 &
1 & .
5. 2. * 1 " &
*":
6 (B1 A1 A1 D1 ) = 6 (B1 A1 A1 A) + 6 (AA1 A1 D1 ) =
= 6 (B1 B BA) + 6 (AD DD1 )
6 (B1 C1 C1 D1 ) = 6 (B1 C1 C1 C ) + 6 (CC1 C1 D1 ) =
= 6 (B1 B BC ) + 6 (CD DD1 ):
+ 6 (B1 A1 A1 D1 ) = 6 (B1 C1 C1 D1 ) + 6 (B1 B BA)+ 6 (AD DD1 ) =
6 (B1 B BC )+6 (CD DD1 ).

. , 6 (AB BC ) = 6 (AD DC ), 6 (AB BC ) =
6 (AB BB1 ) + 6 (BB1 BC ) 6 (AD DC ) = 6 (AD DD1 ) + 6 (DD1 DC ).
9
- 1. = 1 2 : : : k2 & "

# -G
1
2
k + 1
k + 2
:::
:::
(k ; 1)k + 1 : : :
:::
:::
:::
:::
k
2k
:::
k2 :
. "" *, . -G" " * - G,

&5 + . ' &
" * 1* -G 1 . (k ; 1)2 .
. k .. <1
"" .
2
1. : k(k 2+1) .

# -G

k 0 + 1
k 0 + 2 : : : k 0 + k
k 1 + 1
k 1 + 2 : : : k 1 + k
:::
:::
:::
:::
(k ; 1)k + 1 (k ; 1)k + 2 : : : (k ; 1)k + k:
4&
-G"

ka + b,
0 6 a 6 k ; 1 1 6 b 6 k. 8

" ka " b. 9. &
1 "
, +
-
" ka
* &
a = 0, 1, : : : , k ; 1. 9. &
-G "

, + -
" b
* &
b = 1, 2, : : : , k. '
-., *
k 0 + 1 + 2 + + (k ; 1) + (1 + 2 + + k) = k k(k 2; 1) + k(k 2+ 1) = k(k 2+ 1) :

2
- 2. <1

. G
." #5* & *, &5

1.
2. S1 S2 |
" & , O1 O2 |;;;
!G ". & S20 ,
* * . & S2 O2 O1 B G + 1 &

G & S1 . A1 | & S1 , A2 A02 | & 1 S2
S20 , ; #5

. F M |
. A1 A2 , M 0 |
. A1 A02 ,
;;
!
;
;;
!
MM 0 = 21 O1 O2 . + & 1,

"
G & :
!
M@' &
21 ;
O;;
1 O2 .
O | -51 G
& 1
R r, 3 R > r. T &

r A
" . AB ,
B 5 * &

R. -.# & , 3 3 -.* O
* * R2;r ,
*
3 * | * R+2 r . F A -

* 1 & , "
69
G
R;2 r
R+2 r ( R = r, * G,
).
- 3. <1
1 " * ":
x3 + y3
= 1
x4 + y4 = 1:
3. F x = 0 1, y = 1 0. : & , x 6= ;1 y 6= ;1. + 1

: x = 0, y = 1 x = 1, y = 0. & ,
1 .
< 1,
0 < jxj jyj < 1. 2 jxj3 + jyj3 < x4 + y4 = 1. +
x y - & ", 1 . F - + G ", 1 & .
, , x > 0 y < 0. '
x3 + y3 < x3 < 1. 2 + 1 & .
- 4. p " a1 , a2 , : : : , ap -.# . #5# # # a1 > p.
E. , p | , .
* p.
4.
* a1 , : : : , ap p. K "
- p, +
.
* p. ' -., " p ." ,
" p. A
,
ai aj ,
#5
"
p.
+ .
* p. < ai ; aj = (i ; j )d,
d | . . = ji ; j j
p, + p
&
* d.
- 5. E VABC D , AC ;DA > 1 BC ;BD > 1. 8 3 * .*
E . AB . E. , EC ; ED > 1.
5. . CE . AD . BDB
*
3
. AD P . '
AP + PC > AC EP + PD > ED, + DA + EC > AC + ED.
A
, EC ; ED > AC ; DA > 1.
10
- 1. 4
* -G n2 . 1
n , &
1
&
-G # * + . F n -G
,
5 1 . "1 &1, + 1
* * +
1 2 3 : : : n. E. .
1. '-G
, + &
, &
, . ,

&
3
G, 3
.
. # &
1 # * 1
n. + &
1 #- 1
n *
., -G
* n .. = n 3 , + &
1
n *

3 .B , &
1
n *
1 1

.. <
n , + &
1
n *

..
- 2. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 3. <
"
*" , #5 *
" . 2
1
. *" .
* & +G 1=2. E. , 1
* , *
1
* *" *.
3. e1 e2 | "
1
"
" *" l1 l2 . A& +G
1=2 *1 l1
e1 + e2 e1 + 2 e2 . ' | &

e1 e2 . E 2 + 2 + 22cos ',

2

2
+ 4 + cos '. <& "- , 2 + 4 + cos ' > 2 + 2 + 2 cos ', . .
3 2 < ; cos '. = 1 + + 3 < ; cos '.
4
4
- 4. A. .
5
* 9 .
- 5. E "1 1 O. @& 1 ABC , -"
" OAB , OBA, OBC , OCB , OAC , OCA -" "?
5. :
, &. 2"- A, B , C
* O. '

." " -
* -
" ,
-
-*. "1.
70

7
- 1. G "
x3 ; 2y3 ; 4z 3 = 0:
1. : x = y = z = 0.
x3 ; 2y3 ; 4z 3 = 0,
x, y, z | G " . '
x 3 . . " x = 2x1
8x31 ; 2y3 ; 4z 3 = 0. A 2: 4x31 ; y3 ; 2z 3 = 0. , y 3 .
. " y = 2y1 4x31 ; 8y13 ; 2z 3 = 0. A 2: 2x31 ; 4y13 ; z 3 = 0. ,
z 3 . . " z = 2z1 x31 ; 2y13 ; 4z13 = 0, 1 &

,
. + &
. , x1 , y1 , z1 3 " .
. < +
.& ,
x = y = z = 0.
- 2. '3 ax2 + bx + c G " x ** * 1 3 1 #. E. ,

a = b = 0.
2. :, a > 0 c > 0. . * x, " 1, 2, : : : , n. F
. a b
*, 3 ax2 +bx+c x 1 1 n=2 ." . 1.
K . * .# " &
0 an2 + jbjn + c. 4
." " p
3 " 1,
p
.#3 " &
0 an2;+ jbjn + c,
4 an2 + jbjn + c + 1. + 4 an2 + jbjn + c + 1 >
n=2, . . an2 + jbjn + c > n2 ; 1 4 . - n "* * & ,
(n=2)4 -
.
- , an2 .
- 3. E VABC . U " " & 1 O1 , O2 O3
" *". E. ,
VO1 O2 O3 | "1.
3. U O1 1 & , #5 1* " BC , ** *
1 *
;6 C

180
6
6
- B C . + O1 CB =
O1 BC = 180 2;6 B .
2

A
, 6 BO1 C = 180 2;6 A < 90.
- 4. 2 -# * * 25 . 2 # .# ,

- &
11. 4 1 - *, -"

1 ?
4.
- 5. . . * 18 * , -"

* -." *.
5. A. .???
8
- 1. '3 ax2 + bx + c G " x ** * "

. E. ,
ax2 +
bx + c = (dx + e)2 .
1. f (x) = ax2 + bx + c. '
f (x + 1) ; f (x) =
;f (x + 1) 2 ; ;f (x) 2
f (x + 1) + f (x)
1) + b
= f a(x(2+x +
1) + f (x)
+ limx!1 f (x +1) ; f (x) = a. G x f (x +1) ; f (x) ** * G ", + a = d,

d | G . 4 , G " x > x0 . f (x + 1) ; f (x)
& -"

. # d. & y = x0 + n. '
f (y) = f (x0 ) + nd " n. '
-.,
;
;

ay2 + by + c = f (x0 ) + nd 2 = dy ; dx0 + f (x0 ) 2
p
* y = x0 + n, n | . <

* y. 9 , d = a
e = f (x0 ) ; dx0 ,
x0 | #- G .
- 2. E & # *

-. 1 . .
* * ** ** -5 " "
& *. E. , ** *

, # 1 1 1 & .
71
2. O1 O2 | G " "
& 1, O | G 1 & , A
B | * 1 & 1 1, P |

AB ( P
O1 & ." " *1 AB ).
3 . P # PQ &
G O1 . E& , PQ = PA. M N | * & G O *1
AB 1 & #. ' NO1 M NOP -
" , 3 6 NO1 M = 6 NOP ,
+ ** MN
. P . A
, PQ2 = PM PN = PM (PM + MN ) =
PM 2 + AM MB . K |
. AB . '
PM 2 = PK 2 + KM 2 AM MB = AK 2 ; KM 2,
+ PQ2 = PK 2 + AK 2 = AP 2 . ' -., PO12 = PQ2 + QO12 = PA2 + r12 ,
r1 |

& G O1 . P
." *, PO22 = PQ2 + QO22 = PA2 + r22 ,
r2 |

& G O2 . R | * "
& 1 ( &
. O1 O2 ). '
PO12 ; PO22 = r12 ; r22 = RO12 ; RO22 . 9. +
, PR?O1 O2 , . ,
PR | -5* ** * "
& *. (' , & X ,
* " XO12 ; XO22 = const,

* -1 *#,
*# *1 O1 O2 ,
.

.)
- 3. ' O & " n- A1 : : : An
. .
A " n- # * 1
n, ." " # * ." . '
&
* . OA1 , : : : , OAn .
) n = 9 1 G#, 1
* A1 OA2 ,
: : : , An OA1
.
-) E. , n = 10 1 G 5 .*.
3. ) A. .???
-) A A1 OA2 , : : : , An OA1 3(1 + 2 + + n) = 3n(n2+1) .
F
* &
. n
& , 3(n2+1) . <
*
n = 10 3(n2+1) G .
- 4. <
Aa(Bb + Cc) + Bb(Cc + Aa) + Cc(Aa + Bb) > 21 (ABc2 + BCa2 + CAb2 )

a > 0, b > 0, c > 0 |
" , "* *
* A > 0, B > 0, C > 0. @& . .
a, b, c ?
4. :
, &. & A = B = 1, C = ". '

a(b + "c) + b("c + a) + "c(a + b) > 12 (c2 + "a2 + "b2 ):
(1)
+
& "* * 2ab > 12 c2 , (1) "*
-" " ". , c2 6 4ab 6 (a + b)2 . = a, b, c & ", + c 6 a + b. <
a 6 b + c b 6 a + c
."# * .

- 5. = [a], [2a], : : : , [Na] ." &
-1, a1 , a2 , : : : , Ma & ."
&
-1. <1 a.
5. : NN;1 6 jaj 6 MM;1 .
= [x] [y] ."

,
[;x] [;y] .". +

1,
a > 0. F a < NN;1 ,
[a], [2a], : : : , [Na]
#5 ,
+ N
& *
N ; 1 0, 1, : : : , N ; 2. + a > NN;1 . ' & "
&
*
* 1=a ."# , a1 > MM;1 , . . a 6 MM;1 .
& , NN;1 6 a 6 MM;1 , [a], [2a], : : : , [Na] .". E 1 ,
a > 1, -5 [a], [2a], [3a], : : : .", a > 1, 1; N1 6 a < 1, 2 ; N2 6 a < 2,
: : : , N ; 1 6 a < N , + [ka] = k ; 1
* k = 1, 2, : : : , N . E* a1 , a2 , : : : , Ma &
*
".
9
- 1. E ABC . < AB , BC , CA .* " C1 , A1 , B1 ,

AC1 = BA1 = CB1 = 1 :
CB AC BA n
1
72
< A1 B1 , B1 C1 , C1 A1 A1 B1 C1 .* " C2 , A2 , B2 ,
A1 C2 B1 A2 C1 B2
C2 B1 = A2 C1 = B2 A1 = n:
E. , A2 C2 k AC , C2 B2 k CB , B2 A2 k BA.
1. (n + 1)~a = ;!
BC , (n + 1)~b = ;!
CA, (n + 1)~c = ;!
AB . '

1
n
;
!
A;;
2 C2 = n + 1 (n~b + ~c) + n~c + ~a + n + 1 (n~a + ~b):
2
). 4 , ~a + ~b~c = ~0,
2 "& +G " ~a ~c " ( " 1 + nn+1
;
;;
!
+ A2 C2 G ~b, . . A2 C2 k AC . E* " *"
. .
- 2. & *1 .
" l, #5 -5 G -5
, -" - * * * #-1 . # #-" "
-5# " . ".
2.
- 3. E
xn ; a1 xn;1 ; a2 xn;2 ; ; an;1 x ; an = 0

a1 > 0, a2 > 0, an > 0. E. , + &
& " 1.
3.

1 = ax1 + xa22 + + xann :
x > 0 G* f (x) = ax1 + xa22 + + xann -" , + &
. 1
." & " . * x.
- 4. A. .
2
* 8 .
- 5. * # 1
(

) , &
"1 #51
&

. 3
. . <1 "" 1
-"
* #5.
5. : 5 1B
#5
( #
G).
, 1-1. @& , 1-1 2-1 " 3- 4-, 1-1
5-1 " 2- 3- (+ &
- *, * 3- 4-). 3-1 &
-"
. 1-, + 1- 4- # 2-1 5-1. + 2-1 &
1-, + 1- 3- # 4-1 5-1. 3 *
** *: 2-1 4-1
# 3- 5-.
10
- 1. E. , pq | * G*

-, **#5**
f (x) = a0 xn + a1 xn;1 + + an
G " +G , p ; kq
f (k)
#-
G k.
1. @ f (x)
* x ; pq , + f (x) = g(x) x ; pq . g(x) = b0 xn;1 + b2xn;2 +
+ bn;1 . '
a0 = b0 , a1 = b1 ; b0 pq , a2 = b2 ; b2 pq , : : : , an;1 = bn;1 ; bn;2 pq , an = ;bn;1 pq . = b0
G . qa1 = qb1 ; pb0 ." , qb1 G . q2 a2 = q2 b2 ; qb1 p ." ,
q2 b2 G .
. ' -., qn;1 g(x) G " +G ".
qn f (k) = qn;1 g(k)(qk ; p) ." , qn f (k)
* qk ; p. = qn qk ; p
. " , + f (k)
* qk ; p.
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. < P *1 1 .
* r, " | h. < *
H l " "
* . 4# &
R,
&5 1 P G 1 & #, &5 1 , +
?
73
3. 1,

H > h. S | , S 0 | *
* *1,
*5 1 . S . & ,

* -1 , . # .???(). E 1 , A |
* , . SA | + . S 0 A. P" &
* ."# ,
H = h, | + & , .-&3 .???(-), H < h, | +
& , .-&3 .???().
< &" " *
h
-" ."# , * S 0
G H ;h = s. cos = r=R cos = r=S . H > h * 53 1
; B H = h 2 ; B H < h ; ( + ).

- 4. 9 * 1955 . 4 & . "- , , -"
&
"
1
-5# ?
4. : 1954=2 = 977 B & "-
, * .- "
* 1 . "-1 + .

&,
" , " -5 ." . F " 1,

*5 + ", ." , G#, .-&3 # .???(),

1 ** * -5 1
* +
, G#, .-&3 # .???(-). 9.
,
*5 + G, - .*
1
1 1 ,
-" "* - . F 1
*--
* , + 1
&"

G, "
" G. +
"
& -" - 3 ( ** * 1, #5
,
-5 ). 2
. " .
977 .
- 5. E A0 B0 C0 . < A0 B0 , B0 C0 , C0 A0 .* " C1 , A1 , B1 . < A1 B1 , B1 C1 , C1 A1 A1 B1 C1 .* " C2 , A2 ,
B2 , -5 , An Bn , Bn Cn , Cn An , An Bn Cn .* " Cn+1 , An+1 , Bn+1 .
9. ,
A0 B1 = B0 C1 = C0 A1 = k A1 B2 = B1 C2 = C1 A2 = 1
BC CA AB
B C C A A B k2
-5 ,
1 0
1 0
k2n
1
1 0
2 1
2 1
2 1
| 3 n:
| 3 n:
k
E. , ABC , -."1 *" A0 A1 , B0 B1 , C0 C1 ,
& *
An Bn Cn #- n.
5. ', ABC
& * A1 B1 C1 ,
. & ,
A2 , B2 , C2 **# * * A1 B1 C1 *" A0 A1 , B0 B1 , C0 C1 .
A0 , B0 , C0 " 1+ k3 , k, k2 . U + 1 " ** * *
. A0 A1 B1 C1 . E 1 , C1 | G A0 B0 1 k, B1 | G
A0 C0 k3 k2 , A1 | G B0 C0 k k2 . ' -.,
A0 | * . A0 A1 B1 C1 , B1 A0 : A0 C1 = (1 + k) : (k2 + k3 ) = 1 : k2 , +
A0 = A2 . E* B2 C2
. .
E."1 . .
#5 . E* A1 B1 C1 "
& ,
* A0 B0 C0 , . 1 +G k 1=k2B ABC + 3 *

& ". "1 A2 B2 C2
& ABC .
.
An Bn+1 = Bn Cn+1 = Cn An+1 =
Bn+1 Cn Cn+1 An An+1 Bn
2n
74
XIX (1956)

7
- 1. E& , 5 " A, B , C D , ABC , BCD, CDA, DAB " .
1. @"
, . "3
" &
1 *1.
2.&"
." & * "3 .
1) ' A, B , C D **# * " "3 . A "3
360, + " " . 2.3 "1 "3 B "1 .
2) ' A, B , C D **# * " "3 . '

. &
" .
*
3 D &
ABC . A 3 1 D 360, +
. 120.
, D
. BCD, CDA, DAB "1.
- 2. <1
." , G " * * & 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8 9.
2. : 18, 45, 90 99.
# G a 9a
& . + .
9
a
* 9. E." ,
*5 * 9,
#5 : 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, 63, 72, 81, 90 99.
9. 27, 36, 54, 63, 72 81 -
# - " 1 B + & -
*, &*
, , 7, 8, 7, 3, 4 9. * - " 1 -
# .
- 3. 9 * . * #5** *. 9. , &

.
.. E& , . 3 .
3. = . *
*
. 1 ( -"
. ,
&
. * -" 1 1
.). 4 , &
. &

*. + , * #5*
1 . , " .- . ".
- 4. <1 , " & -" G . l
- 58ll+6
+7 .
4. 2" <E(5l + 6 8l + 7), .* , <E(a b) = <E(a ; b b). 2 .
<E(5l +6 8l +7) = <E(5l +6 3l +1) = <E(2l +5 3l +1) = <E(2l +5 l ; 4) = <E(l +9 l ; 4) =
<E(13 l ; 4). = 13 , +
*
- & -" 13. l = 4
26 , *
1 13.
"
- 39
- 5. 4 & "- &
" 1956 , -"
*
&
1 . +
"-* * 1
*
2 ( ** . *# * & )?
5. : 1304.
A |
. "-" , B C | "-" ,
3 " 3 **
1 2 . & *
ABC .&,
*
B
"-" * 1. + & " *
: C AB
( BA C ). D | ,
3 * C * 1. & CDAB ,
, .&. + & : DC AB . ,
, E | ,
3 * B *
1. &
#5 -.: DC AB E .
&* + &
*, "
,
&
" 1956 & * .- 1 1956=3 = 652

" 3 (G +
&
A, C , E , : : : ). < &
1
&
. 2 2 652 = 1304 . 2 +
-*.
&" .
8
- 1. < AB CB ABC

"# * " . .1
"
AD CE . <1
. DE .
1. X |
. DE , M |
. AC . E ADX
CEX
ADXA0 CEXC 0 . ' X ** *
1 . DE , + . AA0 C 0 C ". : & , + . ", . , AA0 CC 0 | .
75
+ M |
. A0 C 0 . 9. . AD CE
, A0 XC 0 -
"1. +
XM ** * & - 1. A
,
** XM - B ABC . ' -., X &
1 *1,
*5 1 . M . 9 M@' | . + 1 *1, &51
ABC .
- 2. 2
* 1 . & - "
* " ., *
. .* 1 ( . . .* -&
#
0 01).

* * *
1 & #. 4
+ * (. . *)?
50 , 51 , : : : , 99 , 1.
2. : 0, 100
100
100
n
1 . ,
, 1 n = m + 2 ,
m | G
= 100 + 1 ,
n | G 0 6 1 < 100
100 100
1
m
n 6 1.
0 6 2 < 100 . < 100 . :, 100 = n + 1001, + 100n = n+100
1
n
1
n
m
F n = 0, 100 = 0. F & n > 0, n+1001 > 2 , 1001 < 1. E- n+1001 &
1
. 1=2
1. E 1 , & n = 1. . 1 0
100
1
1+1001 . * * 1
1=2.
- 3. < &
" 15 "- n ,
* &
1 *
"-*
* 1
* 2 ( * . * * & ). E& ,
n
* 10.
3. 9. * .
5
* 7
, "-"
10. 4 , "-" . -
* .
- 4. a, b, c, d, l | G " . E& ,
- clal++db k,
ad ; bc
* k.
4.
&, al + b = km cl + d = kn. H& ;c,
a. A& + *, ad ; bc = k(na ; mc). A
, ad ; bc
* k.
- 5. < 1 - -G, &
1 ,

" , *5
. 2 -G .". E& ,
- * ( . . 1 1
.
).
5.
&, - a *. '
-G "

a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 + a = (a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 )=4. < a > a1 , a > a2 , a > a3 , a > a4 .
+ a = (a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 )=4.
#.
9
- 1. 2 " " ABCD .* " KLMN , -."1 G
*& ABC , BCD, DBA CDA. E. , *" ,
*#5
" &" " ABCD, # * 1 & , *" ,
*#5

" &" " KLMN .
1. H." *" # * G "3 ABCD, . . G
" A, B , C , D
" .
- 2. 2
* 1 . & - "
* " ., *
. .* 1 ( . . .* -&
#
0 001).
* * *
1 & #. 4
+ * (. . *)?
500 , 501 , : : : , 999 , 1. A. .
2
* 8 .
2. : 0, 1000
1000
1000
- 3. < 1 - -G, &
1 ,

" , *5
. 9. -G" "- . E& ,
- " + , * ( . . 1 1

.
).
3. A. .
5
* 8 .
- 4. E" & " h, s1 , s2 & "1 ABC .
A - & "- D , -" +
ABCD " , 5 * .
" D, -" h, 5
1 ACD BCD s1 s2 (

.&" )?
4. : 0, 2, 4 8.
= -" " , 5 * . " D, -" h, D
& &
1 .

1 Q1 Q2 , " ABC . = -" 5
ACD -" s1 , D
76

& & G
# AC , -" 5
BCD -" s2 , D
&
& G
# BC . Q1 " G
| + - *",
-
**, - & , 3 *"
&" -" " AC . E*
G
# * *" , " *1 BC , * *# AC . +
G
# Q1 * - & , - #5*
*", - **, #5* " *", - " *", #5*
# " *". 4 ,
&5 - G

, 0, 1, 2 4. A & *
*
Q2 .
- 5. a, b, c, d, l | G " . E& ,
- clal++db k,
ad ; bc
* k.
5.
10
-
1. 2

,
" & ,

" | -" . E. ,

2r, -
p
2r,
r |
& , 1 .
1.
"
& AB . & S1 , * +
, * " AB &
ABC
( .
* AC BC ). + 5 A1 B1 C1 , " " ABC # * & S1 , &
ABC , 3
. A
,
& S1 r. <

& S1 .
& S2 , #
. -5# &
1
1 ABC , 3 1 1 " AB *. + 5 A2 B2 C2 , " " ABC # *
& S2 ,
& ABC , 3
. A
,p

& S2 - r. <

& S2 , & 2.
- 2. 2
* 1 . & - "
* " ., *
* . .* 1 ( . . .* -&
#
0 0001).

* * *
1 & #. 4
+ * (. . *)?
5000 , 5001 , : : : , 9999 , 1. A. .
2
* 8 .
2. : 0, 10000
10000
10000
- 3. A. .
4
* 8 .
- 4. E . * * *. < * 3 . *:
A1 A2 B1 , A2 A3 | B2 , : : : , An A1 | Bn . E& ,
A1 B1 A2 B2 : : : An Bn = 1:
B1 A2 B2 A3 Bn A1
4. G# *#, # *. 2 B1 , : : : , Bn

G# *
& B . A01 , : : : , A0n | G A1 , : : : , An . '
A1 B1 A2 B2 : : : An Bn = A01 B A02 B : : : A0n B = 1:

B1 A2 B2 A3 Bn A1 BA02 BA03 BA01
- 5. E& , 1
x1 ; x2 = a
x3 ; x4 = b
x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 1
* -"
&
x1 > 0 x2 > 0 x3 > 0 x4 > 0

,
jaj + jbj < 1.
77
5. F a > 0, .

x1 = x2 + a, a < 0, .

x2 = x1 ; a. 2
. x01 = x2 , x02 = x1 . ' -., & ,
x1 = x2 + a a > 0. P & , x3 = x4 + b b > 0. +
*
& , 1 = x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 2x2 + 2x4 + a + b > a + b ( * -"

a, b G , " 1 > jaj + jbj).

& , a + b < 1, 3 a b G " . '
& &
x2 = x4 = (1 ; a ; b)=4, x1 = x2 + a, x3 = x4 + b. 2 . &
1
".

7
- 1. ' O | G , ABC . ' A1 , B1 C1 "

O ABC . E& , " " A1 B1 C1

* . O, " " ABC
* . G ,
A1 B1 C1 .
1. A2 , B2 , C2 |
" CB , BA, AC . :, OA2 ?BC BC kB2 C2 kB1 C1 .
+ OA1 ?B1 C1 , . . OA1 | " A1 B1 C1 . P
." *, OB1
OC1 & **# * " .
: & , B1 C1 = 2B2 C2 = BC , + BCB1 C1 | . K . ,
. BB1 CC1 # * P , * ** *
1. P
." *,
P ** *
1 . AA1 . ' -., P
ABC
A1 B1 C1 . + 1 O, * ** *
G 1 & ABC 1 * " A1 B1 C1 ,

, * ** * G 1 & A1 B1 C1 1
* " ABC .
- 2. ' A1 , A2 , A3 , A4 , A5 , A6
* &
1 " 1. 9. A1

l1 A2 , . A2 | l2 A3 , : : : , . A6 | l6 A1 .
9. B1 , .* 1 l1 , *
* l6 , . * +
*
*
* l5 .
.
* B1 . <1 .
B1 A1 .
2. : B1 A1 = 2.
B2 , B3 , : : : , B7 | *
*, 5 " l6 , l5 , : : : , l1 B x1 = A2 B1 , x2 =
A1 B2 , x3 = A6 B3 , : : : , x7 = A2 B7 . '
xk+1 = 21 (1 + xk ). # x1 = x7 . <
+
x7 = 12 (1 + x6 ) = 12 1 + 12 (1 + x5 ) = 21 1 + 12 1 + 12 (1 + x5 )
= :::
x1
x7 = 21 + x26 = 43 + x45 = 78 + x84 = = 63
64 + 64 :
x1
' -., 63
64 + 64 = x1 ,
x1 = 1. : & , B1 A1 = 1 + x.
- 3. 100 ,
" & " G " , "" *
.
, - ", &
& , - ", &
,
#5
& . @&
" . * G 1? 1 #?
3. : , & .
8

3 & "
1 1, G " , "

#5 & ,
* . :, &

3
*
a b,
3
1 1, 3 a + b > 0.
3 " .-# *

#5 ": ", *5 .
3
*
#5 .
, "
3 " . A &
1 & .
- 4. 64 G " , " 1956, & "
1
-G": &
1 &
-G . A , *5
1 .
1, 112. =, & " + 1
, ". E& ,
#- -G 1035.
4.
&, -G S > 1035. ,
# + -G "
1
. A + 1 &
78
S , , *5 + -G + 1 , 2S ; s,

s | , *5
. = s "
1
, + s 6 112. A
, 2S ; s >
2 1035 ; 112 = 1958 > 1956.
#.
- 5. < & 15 &, ."#5 G . E& , & .-
& , -" * &" ." 8=15 5
.
(
.)
5. E& , n & "# 5
S , & -
& , -" * &" " 5
(n ; 1)S=n. F "
- 3 "1 &, * &" -
" 5
(n ; 1)S=n, 5
, # " + &, - S=n.
&, " - 3
."1 &, * &" -
" 5
(n ; 1)S=n. '
5
, # "
(."1) &, - S=n. + 5
, #
"# n ; 1 &, - (n ; 1)S=n.
#.
15 & "# 5
S . '
& -
& , -" *
&" " 5
S1 6 14
15 S .13 & - 1 & , -" * &" " 5
S2 6 13
S
1
14 6 15 S , .
. " - 3
1 &, *
&" -
" 5
S7 6 89 S6 6 158 S .
8
- 1. M. 13 5 *5 , &

*5
350 . E& ,
+ . & . 11 .(2 *5 & - .)
1. 2"
8 -

. , 3 &
"1 . *5, "1
& .* . , -
*
1. & " *5 *5, *5
*
, * - 8 1 5 = 12 , + * *5 * 1 5 B &
.
1 . 4 350 = 1400 < 1500,
1 & . #-" 4
*5. , 8 *5, *5 *
, & .
* .
- 2. 64 G " , " 1956, & "
1
-G" &
1 &
-G . A , *5

*,
112. =, & " #-1
, ". E& ,
#-1 518.
2.
&, 1 S > 518.
-G,
" + 1

1, 53 , # + -G.
= 8 3 , + "
." -G
." . < * +
-G * 4 , " s 6 112. A , *5 +

-G 4S ; s > 4 518 ; 112 = 1960 > 1956.
#.
- 3. 2
. AB # * .&" *" ,
*5 .
# O. <1 + G1.

3. F A0 | G* A *#,
*5# . O, 6 OA0 A = 90 ,
+ A0 & &
OA ("
, *"
* *
).
&
OA OB . 9 M@' . ,
&5
1 . + & 1,
1 (.???).
- 4. 100 ,
" & " G " , "" *
.
, - ", &
& , - ", &
,
#5
& , , - , &
,
*
#5 & . @&

" . * G 1? 1 #?
4. : , & .
8

3
#5 -.: 1) & "
1 1B 2) G " , "
#5 & ,
* B 3) G "
,
* "
#5 & ,
#5
* & , * . &

3
* a
b,
3
1 1, 3 a + b > 0. &

3 *
a b,
3
* , . c,
3
1 1.
+ a + b + c > 0.
3 " .-3 "
#5 -.. A .3
1, *5 . ,
3 * ,

#5 . . A

*
3 " .3 ", *5 .
3
* 79

#5 . . + .3 "
3 " . A &
1
& .
- 5. 2 * 5
# 5 .
G & "
* *, 5
&
. "
G . E& , 5
-5 1 "
*
- 1=9.
5.
&, 5
-5 1 #-"
* 1=9. & ,

.# 5
- 5. * ." -.. "1 * . 5
1. E- 1 *. 5
-5 1
* 1=9, +
- * 5
- 8=9. E- 1 *. 5
-5 1 * " " 2=9, +
- * 5
- 7=9 .
. 2 . ,
* * .#
5
-
1 + 89 + 97 + + 19 = 5:
9
- 1. A. .
1
* 8 .
- 2. 2 - , - 13, "- 1956 . @& + - -
- 1 , -" -"
1 "-1 ?
2. :
, &. . &
"1 - 133 = 2197 - - 1. F -"
&
. + - -" "-* , "-" -" -"
2197, #. A
, 1 1
. + -
&
1 "-1 .
- 3. 2.* x, y, z . 2" -# " " " . 1 x1 = jx ; yj,
y1 = jy ; z j, z1 = jz ; xj. ' & - x1 , y1 , z1 x2 , y2 , z2 .
. .,
n xn = x, yn = y, zn = z . *, x = 1, 1 y z .
3. : y = z = 0.
= xn , yn , zn G ", + x, y, z & G ". F -" x,
y, z -" & ", - . x1 , y1 , z1 -" -" - .
x, y, z ,
- . xn , yn, zn -" -" - . x, y, z .
+
x, y, z 0. P
." *,
x1 , y1 , z1 0 ( n = 1
." &,

x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z ). K . ,
.
x, y, z ". 2 , *
"1 - x, y, z & -" - 0, 0,
1, - 0, 1, 1.
, 1 - -
- " 1 .
- 4. = "3 & . E& , *" ,
*#5

* #5 *
1 . + , # *
&

" 1.
4. + 1 .

- , "3 .
, +
3
#5 -. *: ACBC 0 |
"1 "3 , A1 B1 |
* BC AC , A01 B10 | * BC 0 AC 0 , C1 C10 | ,
" *" A1 B1 A01 B10 # *# AB ( C1 C10
" ,

#5 *" ").
F A1 B1 kAB , AB1 : BA1 = B1 C : A1 C = 1. + AB1 = BA1 , . , AB10 = BA01 ,
AB1 = AB10 BA1 = BA01 . ' -., A01 B10 kAB .
8
, C1 C10
"B &
. ,
# . A
CB1
1
@ * CAC1 B1 BA
A1 C = B1 C , AC1 : C1 B = AB1 : A1 B .
A1 C 0B1 A 0 = 1. H "*,
0
0
P AC1 : C1 B = AB1 : A1 B . < AB1 = AB10 BA1 = BA01 . + AC1 : C1 B = AC10 : C10 B ,
. , C1 = C10 , - + & . AB .
- 5. < 1 - "-" A, B , C ,
*5 * . E& ,
ABC "1, 1 1 5

.
5. * ,
5 * 1 -, , -"
" A, B , C & . <
. A, B , C & . * +
*, + 1 -" -" ". 1 1
.
A, B , C & *, , ABC -"
80
-" *".

*
3 A & *. 2
3

", "- A
, + * |
Ox. Oy , -" * & y > 0. <
.
B C & Ox, A -" -" ". ' -.,
B C #
" (x1 y1 ) (x2 y2 ), y1 y2 > 1, x1 x2 # ." ..
+
(0 1) & ABC BC .
10
- 1.
*
"" n ,
" & " G " .
*
&
& , & &
,

#5 . & . E& ,
" & .
1. : , & .
a1 , a2 , : : : , an .
3 ai k + 1 , k | ,
*
ai + ai+1 + ai+2 + + ai+k > 0 (& a1
3 *
1 1). :,
ai
3 k + 1 , ai+1 , ai+2 , : : : ai+k
3 " k, k ; 1,
: : : , 2, 1 .
3 " .-3 "
#5 -.. A .3 ,

3 " - ( + K ),
#5 . &
" .
K ; 1 . .3 ,
3 " K ; 1 ,
#5 . &
" . K ; 2
, .
. A &
1 & .
- 2. E * 5
1 & "
5
5. E& ,
"
. # -5# 5
, # 1=9.
2. A. .
5
* 8 .
- 3. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 4. E& , 1
#-"
" " ", + 1
" ".
4. .3
1
".
* -1 ABC , & " ABDC , BCDA , CADB . 9. *
,
#5 4 "
": " A, B C DA , DB , DC . ,
&
* . + 180, 12 "
* -1
"3 . 2 , .3
* -1 ,

"
(" . .
, ADB = ADC , BDA = BDC ,
CDA = CDB ). A
.-# 4 " , +
" ".
- 5. <
& * A1 A2 , A2 A3 , : : : , An A1 n- (n > 5 | .
.) A1 A2 : : : An B1 , B2 , : : : , Bn , -" B1 B2 -"
* A1 A2 , B2 B3

* A2 A3 , : : : , Bn B1
* An A1 .
5. xk = Ak+1 Bk , | 1 n-, a |
".
'
x1 = (a + x2 ) cos , x2 = (a + x3 ) cos , : : : , xn = (a + x1 ) cos . '
x1 = a1 + b1x2 = a2 + b2 x3 =
= an + bn x1 ,
bn = (cos )n 6= 1. + x1 ( & xk
* #- k)

..
: & , " , & x1 = x2 = = xn = x,
x = (a + x) cos , . .
x : a = cos : (1 ; cos )
81
XX (1957)

7
- 1. <1 -" G, " .-# *

#
-
"
.
1. ABCD | -* G* * AD BC , 3 AD > BC .
&,
AC .- 3
-
" ABC ADC . <
AC > BC AC > BC ."# , AC | -
ABC . :
& , ADC DC *, + AC = AD. F | "
* -
" ABC ADC , +2 = ; 2 + = , + = =5
= 2=5. ' -., ABCD | G*, # *
.
- 2. 9. , ax3 + bx2 + cx + d,
a, b, c, d |
" G " , #- G x
* 5. E. , a, b, c, d
* * 5.
2.
x = 0, , d
* 5. H "* +
** x = 1, ,
a + b + c ;a + b ; c
* * 5. A
, 2b 2a + 2c
* * 5, . , b a + c
* * 5.
x = 2, , 4(2a + c) + 4b + d
* 5. , 2a + c
* 5
a = (2a + c) ; (a + c) &
* 5. + c &
* 5.
- 3. H . *1 #. = . &
" 15
90 , & &
. *1. E. ,
& *
"1 . G .
3.
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83
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XXI (1958)

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10
- 1. A. .
4
* 9 .
1.
- 2. ABCD | "1 " , K1 K2
*
" AB CD , K3 K4
* " BC AD
. E. , . K1K2 K3K4 # *.
2.
- 3. E" "#5* , .#5 5
, # 1.
E. , . & "- "#5*, -" -5*
5
-" 19 .
3.
- 4. E" n " C1 C2 : : : Cn , ,
* -
, **# * " n-. E. , z
94
-
1 ,
1 + + 1 = 0
+
z ; C1 z ; C2
z ; Cn
, #5* z , & + n-.
4.
- 5. E G
" 2k " . 4&
"1 "
- "1 "1 G . E. , - " " &

, &
1 , 1 1
" & -

* .G " .
5.
1
95
XXIII (1960)

7
- 1. H.
&" ", "& " G " - 1, " -"
" ", "
&" - .
1.
- 2. 3 " & G O1 , O2 , O3 # *
1 . A1 , A2 , A3 |
" *. E. , O1 O2 O3 A1 A2 A3 ".
2.
- 3. 2 40 .
* 30
5 . O#-" 2

.
. O#-"

."
. .
.
A
1 .
?
3.
- 4. M N | *
& 1 G O1 O2 . ** O1 M
1-# & A1 , 2-# A2 . ** O2 N 1-# & B1 , 2-#
B2 . E. , *" A1 B1 , A2 B2 MN # *
1 .
4.
p
- 5. E. :
1 n
2 n.
5.
8
- 1. E. , , *5 .

G 1, ** *
"
.
1.
- 2. 2 &
"1 - , .*
. A ?
2.
- 3. = .
# A " " ABCD *#,
*5#
5
.
3.
- 4. E" . AB , CD O. 4 G . ." * R "S, **,

*5* . O,
1 .. A & -" "
G?
4.
- 5. E. , 5 - ,
"
p + n2k ,
" p G " n k.
5.
9
- 1. E. , #-* *

- & -"

( 1) "
- " ." G " .
1.
- 2. A5 - " ,
"
p + n2k
" p " n k.
2.
- 3. E ""1 O . O#-* **,
*5* .
O,
5
. E. , G - "1
O | G .
3.
- 4. <1 " *, " * *
" &
1 & , * |
1 & .
4.
96
10
- 1. E " " & " " *
P1 P2 , .,
*#51 G ",
* *. <1
, **#5*
.,
*#5

.

1.
- 2. F .
- ana++bbn
* * n,
-
* n.
2.
- 3. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 4. 2
* 1 . G A G", 1
1, , *

** | , G | . E. , A ** * "
.
4.
- 5. E" 1 2 : : : k ,
* " " n
n1 + n2 + : : : nk = 0:
E. , . 1 2 + k , " " #, & .- " -.,
-"
,
*5
& , -" -" " -# 1 , &" ..
5.

7
- 1. E" 4 : A, B , C , D. <1 # O, *1

"
.
1.
- 2. E. , . . " & & G#.
2.
- 3. E. , #-1 #51* * &
*
-"
1 1 ".
3.
- 4. 2 -

*G -" .
+
.
4.
8
- 1. 4 - n, & & n , -" &

"
3 . & * ?
1.
- 2. 9 * - * *
. -. . (a b) , & . a b. T * (a b) &

#-
. 1: (a m b n), (a n b m),
m n - " , (+) (;) -# *
.. A
x
,
. E. , x .
2.
- 3. a b c d |
" . " . E. , &
G# a b c d.
3.
- 4. H . *1 #. < -#
. 1

6 . 4&
"1 -#
,
"
51, -#
1 .
+ . 1 . E. , . 6 . .
- 10 .
4.
- 5. E * ABCDE . AB = BC = CD = DE , 6 B = 6 D = 90. E. , * , "
, & . .
5.
97
9
- 1. 9 * m , " . "

" . , &
*
l
. 4 . * & l?
1.
- 2. E ."1 G - "1 . < , *, " ## " . E. ,
" .,

*#5 "
, -.# "1 .
2.
- 3. E. , # *# #
1 4 .* -1

*, -" &

.

# .
3.
- 4. <1 G , "
.
4.
- 5. 2
1 100 & N
1, *1 .
"
10, G & "1
, * -"
. E. , N > 400.
5.
10
- 1. = A
* 1 2 3 : : : 9. E. , 2A

" "
, 10, 2A = a1 + a2 + + ak , . a1 a2 : : : ak & "- , "
A.
1.
- 2. 6n-.
* 7.
## G . E. , &
* 7.
2.
- 3. A- n . < " . ." &
-1, &
"
."
#
-5 .". E. , &
"1 . .
" .
3.
- 4. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 5. E. , "
1 2n, " " & * 1 -
1 1, " | . , (C2nn )2 .
5.
98
XXIV (1961)

7
- 1. E. , n , 1 2 3 : : : n2 & -. &

# -G n n, -" " , *5 &
-G , -"
".
1.
- 2. 9 * . abc, - cba " . - .
a1 b1 c1 ,
& .
.
E. , - " 495, 0. (

abc * ,
." 5# G a b c).
2.
- 3. E "1 A0 B0 C0 . A1 B1 C1 | G "
, " B0 C0 , C0 A0 , A0 B0 . A A1 B1 C1
& .
A2 B2 C2 .
. E. , VAn+1 Bn+1 Cn+1 VAn Bn Cn 6 .
3.
- 4. 9 * 100 , * &
#-"
* .
1, A B C | #-" .
", ABC | "1. E. ,
& # &
1=2,
" & 1
1.
4.
- 5. < 1
"-"

G . E. ,
*, *
1, & -1 ., 1 "-1 -"
..
5.
8
- 1. E ABC O. M1 M2 M3 | G " *& OAB , OBC ,
OCA . E. , 5
M1 M2M3 1=9 5
ABC .
1.
- 2. 9#
B
. .
" - . G " (x1 x2 : : : xn ) |
.",
& ", G ". 2 . * , a1 x1 +
+ an xn ,
(a1 : : : an ) #-1 -. 4 , .
"#51
. .
"1 -?
2.
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 4. E. ,
* & -1 *1 1
, -"
&
1
., * # ,

.
4.
- 5. E . *
. 1961
"

. E. ,
&
"1 . & , & , *5

, *
. *
.
5.
9
- 1. A. .
1
* 8 .
- 2. A. .
2
* 8 .
- 3. E. , & & 1
n2 -G n n, -" "
&
-G -" ".
3.
- 4. 2 - - .

4k &. H &
. "
10, 15, 20 . E. , -5 5k, &"
* . .
. E* 5k ,
.& "1 .
99
4.
- 5. <
N . F A, B , C | #-" . , ABC

1 .
". E. , + & . ,
A1 A2 : : : An -
"".
5.
10
- 1. E

U1 U2 : : : B U1 = U2 = 1 Un+2 = Un + Un+1 . E. , U5k
* 5 k = 1 2 : : : .
1.
- 2. <
.1 ". <
. ".
4 &
- , -" 5
-5 1 -" - 1?
2.
- 3. k - - .
, -" "

10, 15, 20 . 9. , &
"1 . .

. E. ,
, , k + k+3
4 ,
. [a] . - G ,

*5 a.
3.
- 4. & S O &
1 , O
* & .
."1 ,
*51 . & S , 1 O
#51* . <1 G & 1, " " # *
.
4.
- 5. 9. , Z + + Zn = O,
Zk | " . E. ,
+
1
*
, . - 120.
5.

7
- 1. A " . " " &.
*
1 , , # *
1 . 4&
* . +
1 &

1 ", . .
1 " .
.* G *
. E. , * -"
. , " .-
*
"1
, &.
1.
- 2. 2
ABCD AB .* P , BC | Q, CD
| R, DA | S B ., PQRS | *. E. ,

* PQRS | -
, - -
1 , " "
*
.
2.
- 3. E. ,
#-" 39
" " -*. 1
*
, G
* 11.
3.
- 4. E -G 4 4 , " 1 . .
. . ,
& . .
, " #-"
#-"

-G + 1 -G" *
-" -" * -"
. .
. E. ,
. .
, ,
& "

-G,
* -
".
4.
- 5. E. , 5 G " a d c d,
*#5 :
abcd ; a = 1961
abcd ; b = 961
abcd ; c = 61
abcd ; d = 1
100
5.
8
- 1. E , *5* . 16 . (. ???).

E. , .* #, #5# &
"1 . .
.. O* & -" . 1 #5 1*, "
&" & .,
" |
. " ".
1.
- 2. A G * " " &
r1 , r2 ,
r3 , r4 , r1 + r3 = r2 + r4 < dB d |
*.
* *
"
" & * 1 3 2 4. E. , " , -."1 + "*
*", & & .
2.
- 3. A. .
3
* 7 .
- 4. A. .
4
* 7 .
- 5. E a b c d. 9. * * ab bc cd da
#5 :
&
& *
#5 , | . 9. 1 + &
* * .
. E. , 1

*

", *,
a = b = c = d = 1.
5.
9
- 1. ' A B
& * " " * & * O1 O2
( 1 ). E. , C ABC &
& * 1 & .

1.
- 2. 2 -G" m n " " . . *
* .
-G 1 . E. , " + 1
G &
# -G #, 1 " , *5 #- -G
#-1 , G ".
2.
- 3. n
" . , &
* --

, "
* -"
* ." *. E. , -5 .
n ; 1.
3.
- 4. a b p | #-" . E. , 1
* . " k l , ak + bl
*
p.
4.
- 5. 4* *
* 2n + 1 , n > 2, &
"1 .& - .

# * +
& (&
"1
+ ).
1-1 + : *

, &
1
.
2-1 + : 4*
&
#
, &
1
.
1-1 2-1 + " -5
* -.
3-1 + : - 4* - -# # B
- 4* - -
B
- 4* - - -# # , - -
, .
"-

.

, 1 - "1 "
"1
* 4 1 "

* .
5.
101
10
- 1. E. ,
* #-" - "
1 "
a1 : : : an : : :
b1 : : : bn : : :
c1 : : : cn : : :
1
* p q,
ap > aq bp > bq cp > cq :
1.
- 2. 2 * 20 25 -# 120
1 1. E. ,
* &
1, #51*
.
.
2.
- 3. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 4. * 1 P

A B
ABC " AP = 2B BP = 3.
, . &
. PC .
4.
- 5. E ."1 - . +1 ;1
1 2k . 9. * "1
#5
: &
& *
#5 . B
2k - & * .
A " - . 1 ;1
" * & .
.
E. , G G * -, *51 .

G.
5.
102
XXV (1962)

7
- 1. E ** l,

** . AB #5* . E* #-1 M *1 l
* * N , 6 NAB = 26 MAB B 6 NBA = 26 MBA. E. , -# *
. AN ; BN . "- M *1 l.
1.
- 2. "1 ,
, & *
1 . . "1 #
& * .
.,

3 & . E. , + *
& .13
& .
2.
- 3. a b c d | " "3 , **#5 * -. E. , .
. a b c d & & #51* "3 .
3.
- 4. A G a -. . S (a). E. , S (a) = S (2a), a
* 9.
4.
- 5. E" n B - &
1
. 1 2 : : : n,
3 , &
* n
.. E. ,
& .& , & * : 1 2 : : : n.
5.
8
- 1. < AB BC CA ABC 1 X Y Z ( ), -" 5
, -. *" CX , BZ , AY , -"
5
ABC -" -" " :
AX = BY = CZ :
XB Y C ZA
1.
- 2. A. .
2
* 7 .
- 3. E. ,
* #- G d 1
* G " m n,
d = n ; 2m + 1 :
m2 ; n
3.
- 4. A. .
4
* 7 .
- 5. A. .
5
* 7 .
9
- 1. E"
#5* . AB CD. < . "-# * M N ( ) , AM = CN . <1 & M N ,
. MN
(. .
1
* 10 ).
1.
- 2. R43 S ." * ,
1 5 n .
1 ( - ). 4 - 1 1
.
n & #- .
? n + .&?
2.
- 3. A. .
4
* 7 .
103
- 4. E 1:
8
x1 x2 : : : x1962
>>
x
;
< 1 x2x3 : : : x1962
>> x1x2 ; x: 3: x: :4:: :: :: :: : :x:1962
:::
:
= 1
= 1
= 1
:::
x1 x2 : : : x1961 ; x1962 = 1:
4 . * & x25 ?

4.
- 5. E. , * 5
1 & & #5 * ,
-"
-" 1962.
5.
10
- 1. 2 .
1
* 9 . . #5* .
1.
- 2. <
, *, " ## " -
" " .E. , #* .* .-
".
2.
- 3. E. , #- &

" ."
1 2 3 5 8 13 : : : an = an;1 + an;2 : : : .
3.
- 4. A. .
4
* 9 .
- 5. A. .
5
* 7 .

7
- 1. H * -
, #5 2n-, . 4

- , -" , . - , * & ? ( & "

* & * ".) E. , +
. "- 1
.
1.
- 2. ABC | -
"1 B AB = BC , BH | " , M |
"
AB , K | * BH & #,
*5 1 . B , M C . E. , BK = 32 R,

R |
1 ABC & .
2.
- 3. RHS ." * , * . 3
1 1
-"
RMS. E. , * . 1961 1963 .* .- , *
. 1963 1965 | &.
3.
- 4. E 100 : : : 01B 1 3 1961. E& , + | .
4.
- 5. <
" 25 B . , . #-" 3 & "-
, * &
" 1. E. ,

" 1
* 13, &5

1.
5.
8
- 1.
3 " "
,
.
# * (.
1 " "

1). E. , 1
*
1 1
" , . "

1
.
1.
104
- 2. 4
& 1 2 : : : 1962
a1 a2 : : : a1962 , -" :
ja1 ; a2 j + ja2 ; a3 j + + ja1961 ; a1962 j + ja1962 ; a1 j

-" - 1?
2.
- 3. 2 & "1 n-, "1 &
G "1 6= 2 5 * -1. E. , n | .
3.
- 4. 9. x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 & -.
* " B -. .
a1 a2 : : : a10 . E. , .* a1 a2 : : : a10 ( .*, . *, 1

** * &
. ), & x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 .
4.
- 5. E & O1 O2 # * M P . -. . MA
& O1 , #5#* & O2 M , . MB |
& O2 , #5#*
& O1 M . < *1 MP & . PH = MP . E. , "3
MAHB & & .
5.
9
- 1. ^ -

& 25 .
. &
"
5
*
7
1. 2 *, -

1 .
(#-1), * *
*, * *
-
. .
45 . ^
. .
-5 1 & *. E. ,
* + &
"- "1

+
(&
#
#) 25 .
.
1.
- 2. A. .
2
* 8 ,
1 2 : : : 1962 .* " 25 ." ."
.
2.
- 3. A " " , 12,
# * * d = 1 ## . E. , 5
* 1 1
15.
3.
- 4. A. .
4
* 8 .
- 5. E" 2n "
1 . 1
G, 3
. ** *
1
1. E. ,
+
1 n 2n .
5.
10
- 1. <
1 *1 l,
*5 1 . G O
1 & , C . '
A A0 & " &
l , ", -." *" AC
A0 C *1 l ". -. . B * *" AA0 l. E. , &
B . A.
1.
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. A. .
3
* 9 .
- 4. 4
& *"1
, -" 5

G . # -" - 1?
4.
- 5. 2 &
"1 " &
"

#. E. ,
& . , & *,

.
#5 .
5.
105
XXVI (1963)

7
- 1. 9. " B . ABC

" *" BM
BN , 6 ABM = 6 CBN . ' A0 C 0 " A C *" BM
BN ( ). E. , AC 0 = A0 C .
1.
- 2. a b c | , a+b+c = 0. E. , +

ab + ac + bc 6 0.
2.
- 3. 9 * 200 . 1 2, &
1 . " " +1 ;1 (.
. ???). @& . + 1 - . 4 100, -"
.
* &
-G &
1 -. 1* -G" -" & "?
(4 . G

.)(A. .
1 5
* 8 ).
3.
- 4. A. .
4
* 8 .
- 5. @& *# 1 - . 20 30, -"
50 ?
5.
8
- 1. a1 a2 : : : an | , a1 + a2 + + an = 0. E. , +

:
S = a1 a2 + a1 a3 + + an;1 an 6 0B
S
* .&" .
* ai aj i 6= j (. .
1 2
* 7 ).
1.
- 2. E" ""1 " ABCD 5
S M . ' P Q R S
" M
" ABCD. <1 5
" PQRS .
2.
- 3. G "
xy + xz + yz = 3:
z y x
3.
- 4. <
" 7 *",
. " ". E. , 1
*
. , &
" 26.
4.
- 5. O 1 - . 5 n . . 1 2 , &
*
. G

. < &
1 " +1 ;1 (.
???). 9. , .
* -G -. 1* -G" & ".
n + .&?
5.
9
- 1. "1 . 1 | G " . E. , 1

*
1 , . G 9.
1.
- 2. A. .
5
* 8 .
- 3. a b c | #-" & " . E. ,
a + b + c > 3:
b+c a+c a+b 2
106
3.
- 4. 9. #-" " , . " &
1 *1,
& "- , + * -"
,
-1 45. E. . (A. .
1 2
* 10 .)
4.
- 5. @& * 9 : 16 *
4 : 7 ( , -" &
1 * & )?
5.
10
- 1. A. .
1
* 9 .
- 2. 9. #-" (. " &
1 *1)
& "- , + * -"
,
-1 30. E. .
2.
- 3. 4 - & **,
* 1
- . m n ?
3.
- 4. a b c | , abc > 0 a + b + c > 0. E. , an + bn + cn > 0 #-
n.
4.
- 5. E ."1 ABC . <1 & M ,
*" *" AM BM CM ,
" . A B C ( ), # *
1
.
5.
11
- 1. & " x y z -

# 1 ,
arctg x + arctg y + arctg z < :
E. , + - .

*.
1.
- 2. E . 25 ." . -5
1 A G
*1 l,
*5 1 . + . E. , 5 . 1 25-. 1 1,
* &
. 1 * -" . ", "1 "1 + . .
2.
- 3. A. .
5
* 10 .
- 4. 9. G 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 *# * .&" ." , . "
&
* . + G *
.. E. ,
* 9.
4.
- 5. 4&
- +
.
" . = . &
# #
*
"
, "
* +
,

*5 . + . < 1 " .-# +
?
5.

7
- 1.
"
G
" 3 " 7 . A ." & -" "5 ? (E # *
",

. & -" .
1
& G .)
1.
107
- 2. A. .
2
* 9 .
- 3. E ."1 ABC
* **, #5* ,
*
A *1
+ 1 *1 B C . E. ,
*"
* .
.
3.
- 4. 4 - & "- . - 1 2 : : : 1963, -"
#-"
"-"
26?
4.
- 5. A ,
" ., ." * R*.1S, . #-1 &
1 #-#
# + .. @&
* *.# ,
-" #- . -.
*." " , *."

? (@" , * .

.
1 .& .)
5.
8
- 1. a1 a2 : : : an | ." & " . -. . bk .

- a1 a2 : : : an ,
*#5 #: ai > k. E. ,
a1 + a2 + + an = b1 + b2 + : : : :
1.
- 2. 2 -G 8 8 " G " 1
64. E. , + 1
*

, . &
" 5. (A
."# * , *5
, #5 -5# .)
2.
- 3. <1 & G *& " , "
#
& .
3.
- 4. 4 - & "- . - 1 2 : : : 1963, -"

. ?
4.
- 5.
1 100
* 1, 2 3 /. E1
*
G
, &
"1 .
.
1 & #. E. , 1
* .
1 ,
-

.
5.
9
- 1. E ."1 ABC X . AM BN CQ |
"
ABC . E. , 5

. XAM XBN XCQ 5
1

.
1.
- 2. 4 - * & . * 14-. * *,
*5* * 1 - , 1 & -
.
1?
2.
- 3. 2 10-
"
. A
-" & + -. *?
3.
- 4. 2 -G 9 9 " G " 1
81. E. , 1
*

, . &
" 6. (A. .
1 2
* 8 .)
4.
- 5. A. .
5
* 8 .
108
10
- 1. E. , n xn + yn = z n & 1 G " ,

(x + y) | .
1.
- 2. < - . n . " n " *". A
." 2n-. " " & * , -" &
* *

. " " *"?
2.
- 3. 9. G 25-
" " ". 4

"- . + 25, -" -#
?
3.
- 4. A0 B 0 C 0 D0 E 0 |
" " * ABCDE . E. , 5
* ABCDE A0 B 0 C 0 D0 E 0 *." :
SA0 B0 C 0 D0 E0 > 12 SABCDE :
4.
- 5.
a1 a2 : : : an : : : -. *
#5 -.:
2
a1 = a2 = 1B an = ana;1 + 2
n;2
(n > 3)
E. ,
| G " .
5.
11
- 1. E. , 5 ." " x y z t,

* " -"
-"

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4
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300 &
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5.
109
XXVII (1964)

7
- 1. 2 ABC " ", 5 " " AB BC , + . <1 " .
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1 & "-"
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, -" + &
.

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E. , a1964
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5.
8
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1
* 7 .
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* n2 .
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r
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n + n + : : : n = m:
1964 .
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- 1. & " :
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1.
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2.
110
a.
- 3. 9. , #- G K 6= 27 a ; K 3

* - . 27 ; K . <1
3.
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4
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.
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XXVIII (1965)

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117
XXIX (1966)

8
- 1. <1 G " ABC * (

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1.
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." , & G *
,

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2.
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1
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5
* 9 ; 11 .
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5.
9-11
- 1. G " & "
x + y = zt
z + t = xy
1.
k k
- 2. . K Ak = 19 k+66
?
!
2.
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. - "
* , + & .
3.
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p
a1 = 1 ak = a1 + a2 + + ak;1 :
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2.
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-

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4.
118
9-11
- 1. A. .
1
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- 2. E:
a1 = 1966 ak =
pa + a + + a :
1
2
k;1
<1 a1966 .
2.
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5.
119
XXX (1967)

8
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& K (K > 2). < &
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2.
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3.
120
- 4. 2 - -1 1, .#51 , G "
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1
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EP AC . E& , MP BC .
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3.
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* ).
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8
- 1. E. , 5 q ,

* 1 . q 21967

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( 1 N & # *
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1 *
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?
3.
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. 1000 1000
* "1 499 - "
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9
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* 50.
1.
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G " & " X1 X2 : : : Xn , + " 1

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122
XXXI (1968)

7
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1 ,
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#5 + 1 .
1. : 1 4.
p
E& , n | , 1 4, n < [ 2n]2 . E 1 ,
p
* p n 6 7 +
&

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p
p
. , [ 2n]2 > ( 2n ; 1)2 = 2n ; 2 2n + 1 > n.
p
n | ,
1 4. & q = [ 2n]. '
n < q2 , +
p
p

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a
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, 1 100 = 10, +

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71, 73, 78, 83, 89, 97.
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6 A1 OA3 = 6 A3 OA5 = 2(180 ; 120) = 120 6 A5 OA7 = 2(180 ; 110) = 140,
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& -" 360.
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XXXII (1969)

7
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XXXIII (1970)

7
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XXXIV (1971)

8
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* 2.
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= a13 = 1, a14 = a15 = = a25 = ;1. <

+ .
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XXXV (1972)

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E. , E , H , K , M &
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E. ,
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2.
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XXXVI (1973)

8
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XLV (1982)
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XLVIII (1985)
7
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175
XLIX (1986)
7
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7
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I  (1935)

q2 = 3=4. '  -., x : y = 16 : 9 9 : 16.

 ,       a ,      53 l , -" 

. . z = a2 + 1. '         * . "# * :

  2.   y = kx. A.   ,  k 6= 1. 9.   1

 5  *  m + 1 &  *  4     

. 2  .     13 + 33 + 53 +    + (2n ; 1)3 = n2 (2n2 ; 1).

 .-". A       . " - & +  

  &  (  **  +   &   "

M (a b c)D(a b)D(b c)D(c a) = p p p p = abc:

  1.   xy = t. <  &   , 

x5 + y5 = (x + y)5 ; 5(x + y)3 xy + 5(x + y)x2 y2 = a5 ; 5a3 t + 5at2

= 0.  * , 

   + 1   " & 

"   1 ( *    *

III  (1937)

  1.   : (0 0 a), (0 a 0) (a 0 0).

- 1. E"   ,  &5  

K      1    *. <  , -" 1 x, &  & 

- 1. 2   

  1.      1, 

- 5. E. ,   *     -     &  &

 BC , +  MD0 k AH . 9. +  

- 1. . &   G " G  " & "& 

"   + G   xr+s  3 ,      #.

  4.  ,  106  1 (mod 7),   103 + 1

 ",   5

  "     .

." *   . '  -., a2 = 4, a3 = 8, a4 = 14 b2 = 4, b3 = 8, b4 = 16, b5 = 30.

- 1. . &   & : (b ; c)3 + (c ; a)3 + (a ; b)3 .

*  525 . : & ,  

 (x3 + y3)(x2 + y2)

." 90  2 = 180   , 3 ." 900  3 = 2700   , "3 ." 9000  4 = 36 000   ,

& .-   "  * - , +  "    3    *.

- 1. <1 "3 .  , * *#5 * " 

(a1 , a2 , : : : , an |  & "  ).

VII  (1941)

- 1.         " 

 1. E. ,      BCP       ADQ.

n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + 1 = n(n + 3) + 1 2 :

  . ' A B * *# *      * *1 AB &  G   O, 

jx + 1j ; jxj + 3jx ; 1j ; 2jx ; 2j = x + 2:

- 1. E. ,  . 5  . "    

- 3. E     ABC . ' M , &5*    ,

     *   1 CA, .      AB

- 1. E. ,  .    . "    

VIII  (1945)

(a + b)(a2 + b2 )(a4 + b4 )  : : :  (a2k;1 + b2k;1 )

  1.   : a ; b. O    ,   &  (a + b)(a2 + b2 )  : : :  (a2k;1 + b2k;1 ) 

- 3. A     1   *

- 1.     G "    

2 .  + 1  1 &

- 1. 4  -     "   &   *  "     ?

  4.   : x1 = ;x8 = 1, x2 = ;x2 = 2, x3 = ;x6 = 3, x4 = ;x5 = 4.

- 1. 2   

*   A  .

- 1. 2     3  

x5 + 3x4 y ; 5x3 y2 ; 15x2 y3 + 4xy4 + 12y5

*  "   5

AB > CD > EF .  &     QR PR   . QD0 = CD  PQ

- 1. 2  . "&  1:

 " * -  

E&     " ..

I (1935)

q2 = 3=4. ' -., x : y = 16 : 9 9 : 16.

, a , 53 l , -"

. . z = a2 + 1. ' * ."# * :

2. y = kx. A. , k 6= 1. 9. 1

5 * m + 1 & * 4

. 2 . 13 + 33 + 53 + + (2n ; 1)3 = n2 (2n2 ; 1).

.-". A ." - & +

& ( ** + & "

M (a b c)D(a b)D(b c)D(c a) = p p p p = abc:

1. xy = t. < & ,

= 0. * ,

+ 1 " &

" 1 ( * *

III (1937)

1. : (0 0 a), (0 a 0) (a 0 0).

- 1. E" , &5

K 1 *. < , -" 1 x, & &

- 1. 2

1. 1,

- 5. E. , * - & &

BC , + MD0 k AH . 9. +

- 1. .& G " G" & "&

" +G xr+s 3 , #.

4. , 106 1 (mod 7), 103 + 1

", 5

" .

." * . ' -., a2 = 4, a3 = 8, a4 = 14 b2 = 4, b3 = 8, b4 = 16, b5 = 30.

- 1. .& & : (b ; c)3 + (c ; a)3 + (a ; b)3 .

* 525 . : & ,

(x3 + y3)(x2 + y2)

." 90 2 = 180 , 3 ." 900 3 = 2700 , "3 ." 9000 4 = 36 000 ,

& .- " * -, + " 3 *.

- 1. <1 "3 . , #5 * "

(a1 , a2 , : : : , an | & " ).

VII (1941)

- 1. "

1. E. , BCP ADQ.

. ' A B # * * *1 AB & G O,

- 1. E. , . 5 ."

- 3. E ABC . ' M , &5* ,

* 1 CA, . AB

- 1. E. , . ."

VIII (1945)

(a + b)(a2 + b2 )(a4 + b4 ) : : : (a2k;1 + b2k;1 )

1. : a ; b. O , & (a + b)(a2 + b2 ) : : : (a2k;1 + b2k;1 )

- 3. A 1 *

- 1. G "

2. + 1 1 &

- 1. 4 - " & * " ?

4. : x1 = ;x8 = 1, x2 = ;x2 = 2, x3 = ;x6 = 3, x4 = ;x5 = 4.

- 1. 2

* A .

- 1. 2 3

* " 5

AB > CD > EF . & QR PR . QD0 = CD PQ

- 1. 2 . "& 1:

" * -

E& " ..

ab < 0 890012 0 999999 < 0 890012

- 1. < " . 20 -,

# " -. E 1 , + * , " &

- 1. 2 1

" &" 3 -

) | . .

= -" G#,

&" 3 - +

* * "* 1, +

- 2. E. - . 5 -G,

2. log2 = a log5 2 = b. '

A0 &

' -

- 1. " xy = yx (x 6= y). <1 *.

- 1. <1 G" & " * * xy = yx (x 6= y).

- 2. - & - .&

. , R > 4 , Q

XII (1949)

* 27195 ; 10887 = 16308 = 22 33 151, 10152 = 23 33 47. ' -., A

* G " x, y z .& x = y = z = 0.

x21 + 2(n;m)y12 + 2(k;m) z12 = 2n+k;m+1 x1 y1 z1