Continuity equation in Cartesian coordinate

Mass balance will be approached Mass in mass out = mass accumulate mx = .vx mx.A = . vx. y .z Mass in at face a [ vx - /x(. vx). x/2] y . z Mass in at face b [ vx + /x(. vx). x/2] y . z Mass in - mass out |x = /x (. vx). x. y .z

Continuity equation in Cartesian coordinate

Mass balance will be approached Mass in mass out = mass accumulate mx = .vx mx.A = . vx. y .z Mass in at face a [ vx - /x(. vx). x/2] y . z Mass in at face b [ vx + /x(. vx). x/2] y . z Mass in - mass out |x = /x (. vx). x. y .z

Similarly in other coordinates Mass in - mass out |y = /y (.vy ). x. y .z Mass in - mass out |z = /z (.vz). x. y .z Adding ,mass in - mass out = - [/x (vx). + /y (.vy). + /z (.vz)]. x. y .z Accumulation = /t . x. y .z /t + /x (. vx) + /y (.vy) + /z (.vz) = 0 Or, /t+ vx /x + vy /y + vz /z + [ vx /x + vy /y + vz /z ] = 0 Or, D/Dt + [ vx /x + vy /y + vz /z ] = 0

If the fluid is incompressible D/Dt = 0 Hence vx /x + vy /y + vz /z = 0 Continuity equation in cylindrical coordinates inr = mr A = mr r q z = vr r q z outr+r = (mr + ( mr /r)r) (r + r ) q z = mr (r + r ) q z + ( mr /r) r. r q z = vr r q z + vr r q z + /r (vr) r r q z inr - outr+r = vr r q z - vr r q z - vr r q z - /r (vr) r r q z = - ( vr r q z - /r (vr) r r q z) = - (/r (rvr) r q z)

inr outr+r = - (/r (rvr) r q z) Similarly, inq = vq r r z outq+q = (vq + ((vq) /q) q) r z inq - outq+ q = - ((vq) /q) q r z inz = vz r q r outz+ z = (v z + ((vz) /z) z) r r q inz - outz+ z = - ((vz) /z.) r z r q Adding in out = - [((rvr) /r) r q z + ((vq) /q) q r z + ((vz) /z) r z r q]

Accumulation = ( /t) r r q z Equating, r /t + (rvr) / r + (vq) /q + ((vz) /z) r = 0 Or, /t + ((rvr) /r)/r + ((vq) /q)/r + (vz) /z = 0

Continuity equation in spherical coordinate /t + ((r2vr) / r)/r2 + (1/r Sin). (v Sin) / + (1/r.Sin). (vq) /q = 0 Partial derivative /t Total derivative d /dt = / t + /x. x /t + /y. y /t + /z . z /t Substantial derivative Dr/Dt = /t + vx /x + vy /y + vz /z