SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES (For Ph.

D Course Work) Unit I: Introduction Research methodology definition and significance, Types of research exploratory research, conclusive research, modeling research, algorithmic research, casual research, theoretical and empirical research, cross-sectional and time series research. Research process- steps, research problems, objectives, characteristics, hypothesis and research in an evolutionary perspective. Unit II: Research Design and Data collection Research design- definition, types descriptive and experimental, validity and reliability of instrument, Validity of findings- internal and external validity, Variables in Research, types of data primary and secondary data, methods of a data collection for scientific and business research, experiments, construction and validation of questionnaire, measurement and scaling. Types of scale Thurstones Case V scale model, Osgoods Semantic Differential scale, Likert scale, Q-sort scale. Unit III: Sampling Technique / Executing the research Sampling methods Probability sampling methods simple random sampling with replacement and without replacement, stratified sampling, cluster sampling. Non-probability sampling method convenience sampling, judgment sampling, quota sampling. Nonparametric tests- One sample tests one sample sign test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, run test for randomness, two sample tests two sample sign test, Mann-Whitney U test, K-sample test Kruskal Wallis test (H-test) Unit IV: Mathematical tools for analysis / Research Measurement Hypothesis testing Testing of hypotheses concerning means ( one mean and difference between two means one tailed and two tailed tests), concerning variance _ one tailed Chi-square test. Introduction to Disciminant, Factor analysis, cluster analysis, multi-dimensional scaling, conjoint analysis, multiple egression and correlation, application of statistical software for data analysis. Unit V: Ethic in research Report writing types of report, guidelines to write report, typing instruction, need of summary, importance of language in the preparation of research report, oral presentation. Recording the findings of research publication- contents to meet the journals standard impact factor citation and citation index, policy on academic honesty and integrity academics cheating and plagiarism. Opportunities to carry out research projects with funding/assistance from various Government agencies.

References: 1. Donald R. Cooper and Pamela S. Schindler, business Research Methods, 9 th edition, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 2006. 2. Alan Bryman and Emma Bell, Business Research Methods , Oxford University Press New Delhi, 2008. 3. Uma Sekaran, Research methods for Business, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2006 4. K.N.Krishnaswamy, Appa Iyer sivakumar and M.Mathirajan, Management Research methodology, Pearson Education,2006 5. Garg, B.L.Karadia, R.Agarwal, & F.Agarwal, U.K 2002. An introduction to research methodology , RBSA Publishers 6. Kothari, C.R.1990. research methodology: methods and technique. New Age International. 418p. 7. Sinha, S.C. and Dhiman , A.K. 2002. Research methodology, Ess Ess Publication 2 Volumes . 8. Trochim, W.M.K. 2005. Research Methods: the concise knowledge base, atomic dog publishing. 270p. 9. Wahedra B.L.2000. Law relating to patents, trade marks, copyright designs and geographical indications. Universal law publishing. 10. 11. Anthony M Graziano, A.M and Raulin, M.L, 2009. Research methods : A process of inquiry, Allyn and Bacon Coley, S.M and Scheinberg , C.A, 1990, Proposal Writing, sage publication. 12. Day, R.A. 1992 How to write and publish a scientific paper, Cambridge University press. 13. Fink, A. 2009. Conducting Research Literature Reviews: from the internet to paper. Sage Publication. 14. Leedy, P.D. and Ormrod J.E, 2004 practical research: Planning and Design, Prentice Hall. 15. Satarkar, S.V. 2000. Intellectual property rights and copy rights. Ess Ess publications.

Useful Websites: 1. www.thomsonreuters.com 2. www.ethics.elsevier.com 3. www.nature.com/news/2010/100705 4. www.buowl.boun.edu.tr 5. www.writecheck.com 6. www.sciencegateway.org Thomson Reuters Impact Factor Ethics in research and Publication Journals step up Plagiarism Policing Writing Without Plagiarising 6 ways to avoid Plagiarism in Research papers Journal impact factors