EEE 360

Energy Conversion and Transport

George G. Karady & Keith Holbert

Chapter 5
Transformers

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360 Chapter 5 Transformers

Lecture 12

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5.4 Three-phase transformer

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Transformers

Figure 5.46 Very large three-phase network transformer.

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Transformers
A B C

VAN Vab

VBN Vbc

VCN Vca

Figure 5.47 A three-phase wye-delta transformer with three-legged iron core.

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Transformers
wye-wye (Y-Y) wye-wye-delta (Y-Y-) seldom used, imbalance and 3rd harmonics problems frequently used to interconnect high voltage networks (240 kV/345 kV). The delta winding filters the 3rd harmonics, equalizes the unbalanced current, and provides a path for ground current frequently used as step down (345 kV/69 kV) used for medium voltage (15 kV), one of the transformers can be removed (open delta) step-up transformer in a generation station

wye-delta (Y-) delta-delta (-) delta-wye (-Y)

Usual connections for three-phase transformers

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5.4.1 Wye / Wye connection

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Transformers
IA A VAB B VBN N VAN VCN Vbn n Van Vcn Ia a Vab b

5.41.Wye/wye
I
Y rate

S 3 Vrate 3

S 3 Vrate

Figure 5.48 Wye connected three-phase transformer

TYY VAN I a VBN I b VCN I c Ns Van I A Vbn I B Vcn I C
Np Ns VAN I a Van I A
360 Chapter 5 Transformers

Np

VAB 3 VAN e j 30 Vab 3 Van e j 30

TYY

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Transformers
Transformer Supply Network Y-Y
Vnet_AN VAN
A

Load

Figure 5.49 Three-phase network supplies a load through a transformer.

Xtr_s
a

Xnet IA

Van Ia
n N

Vload_an

Figure 5.50 Equivalent circuit of the wye-wye transformer system of Figure 5.49.
Load

Supply Network

Transformer

Xnet Vnet_AN IA

Xtr_s Ia

VAN

Van

Vload_an

Figure 5.51 Single-phase equivalent circuit for phase A of the three-phase wye-wye transformer system of Figure 5.50.

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5.4.2 Wye / Delta connection

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Transformers
VAN A IA
AC

Transformer Iba VAN IB VBN IC VCN N Vab Icb Iac VBC C Vbc Iac Vca c Vbc Ic Load Vca b a Ia Iab Ica Ibc

VBN VCA
AC

VAB B

Vab Ib

VCN

AC

Supply

Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , 5.4.2

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Transformers
A VAB VCA B VBC C IA a VAN VBN N VCN Iba b Iac c Icb Ib Ia a Vab b Vbc c Vca

rate

S 3 Vrate

S 3 Vrate

Ic

Figure 5.52 Wye-delta connected transformer , currents and voltages

TY

VAN I ba Ns Vab IA

Np

VAB VAN VBN VAN VAN e j 120 3 VAN e j 30

I a I ba I ac I ba I ba e j 240 3 I ba e j 30
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Transformers
Rtr_p IA Vp_AN Rc Xm Xtr_p T VAN
spe

Xtr_s Ia

Rtr_s

Van

Vs_an

Y-

Figure 5.53 Single-phase equivalent circuit of a wye-delta transformer.

Vab 3 Van e j 30
T
spe Y

VAB VAN 3 e j 30 VAN Vab Vab Van

spe TY

I I ba I

* a * A

3e I* A

j 30 *

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5.4.3 Delta / Wye connection

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Transformers
A VAB VCA B VBC C IA IAB IB IBC n ICA Vcn Ic Van Ib Vbn Ia a Vab b Vbc c Vca

IC

Figure 5.54 Delta-Wye connected transformer

I A I AB I CA I AB I AB e j 240 3 I AB e j 30
T
spe Y

VAN I VAB VAB e Vab Van Van I 3

j 30

* a * A

spe T Y

I* *a IA

I* a 3 I AB e

j 30 *

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5.4.4 Delta / Delta connection

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Transformers
IA A VAB B ICA Iac IAB Iba Ia a Vab b c
Figure 5.55 Delta-Delta connected transformer

T-
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I ba VAB I a Ns Vab I A I AB
360 Chapter 5 Transformers 17

Np

Transformers
Table 5.1 Three-phase Transformer Relations
Primary and Secondary Voltage Phase Relation VAN is in phase with Van Windings Placed on the Same Leg A and a Transformer Connection Phase Shift*

Wye-Wye

Zero

Wye-Delta

VAN is in phase with Vab

30

A and ab

Delta-Wye

VAB is in phase with Van

30

AB and a

Delta-Delta

VAB is in phase with Vab

Zero

AB and ab

* Note: Phase shift lead between line-to-line voltages, VAB and Vab, and line-to-neutral voltages, VAN and Van, and line currents, IA and Ia.

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5.4.7 Equivalent circuit parameters

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Transformers
High voltage Low voltage A V
AC A AC AC

V A W
B

Full rated voltage

Figure 5.56 Open circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter measurement
Vo_ll 230V
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Io 13A
360 Chapter 5 Transformers

Po_3f 550W
20

Transformers
Open circuit test
Vo_ln Vo_ll 3 Po_3f 3
2

Vo_ln 132.791 V

Po_1f

Po_1f 183.333 W

Rc Po_1f
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Vo_ln

Rc 96.182
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Transformers
Open circuit test
Yo Vo_ln
1 Yo
2

Io

Yo 0.098S

Xm

1 Rc
2

Xm 10.273

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Transformers
C

High voltage W V A

Low voltage

AC

AC A AC

V
B

Reduced voltage

Figure 5.56 Short circuit test for three-phase transformer parameter measurement
Vs_ll 160 V
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Is 16A
360 Chapter 5 Transformers

Ps_3f 1200 W
23

Transformers
Short circuit test
Vs_ln Vs_ll 3 Ps_3f 3 Vs_ln 92.376 V

Ps_1f

Ps_1f 400W

Rs

Ps_1f Is
2

Rs 1.563

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Transformers
Short circuit test
Zs Vs_ln Is Zs 5.774

Xs Zs Rs

Xs 5.558

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Exercises using MAT CAD

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Transformers
3 delta-wye L23 2 L12 1

P2 wye

P1 delta
2 P2 wye L12 Z12 delta 1 P1

T-Y 3
AC

L23 Xtr Z23

Figure 5.61 One-line diagram of delta-wye connected transformer supplies two balanced loads through a transmission line.
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