Structural Systems: Art Pavilions in Public Parks

Structural Systems
Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
lecture Art Pavilions in Public Parks
SERPENTINE GALLERY ART PAVILIONS, LONDON, 2000-12

lara.slivnik@fa.uni-lj.si
Structural Systems
keyword: ART PAVILIONS IN PUBLIC PARKS

1811-17: Dulwich Picture Gallery, London (Sir John Soane) 1897-98: Secession Building, Vienna (Joseph Maria Olbrich) 1908-09: Jakopi Pavilion, Ljubljana (Maks Fabiani) 1895-1995: Bienalle National Pavilions, Venice 2000-12: Serpentine Gallery Pavilions, London 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013: Trimo Urban Crash Competition, Ljubljana
Structural Systems
http://dulwichgalleryfriends.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/quiz-plan-soane.jpg
https://museuminsider.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/dulwich-picture-gallery.jpg
London, 1811-17: John Soane: Dulwich Picture Gallery

ground floor plan
first public art gallery; symmetrical ground floor plan; faade without windows; the sky lights illuminate the paintings indirectly;
Structural Systems
Latham, I., (1980): Joseph Maria Olbrich. Academy Editions, London: str 25.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Secession_Vienna_June_2006_017.jpg
Vienna, 1897-98: Joseph Maria Olbrich: Secession Building

ground floor plan
public art gallery for Secession artists; symmetrical ground floor plan; pure geometric forms; linear faade ornament; gold and white;
Structural Systems
Kos, J., (1993): Umetniki paviljon Riharda Jakopia. V: Rihard Jakopi: To sem jaz, umetnik..., Knjinica Narodne galerije, Ljubljana, str.: 94.
Plestenjak, B., (2003): Vsi Jakopievi ateljeji. V: Art.si, jun 03: str.: 12.
Ljubljana, 1908-09: Maks Fabiani: Jakopi Pavilion

study of the entrance faade
first public art gallery in Ljubljana (now destroyed); faade without windows; the sky lights illuminate the paintings indirectly; linear faade ornament;
Structural Systems
Kurent, T., Marinko, J., (1985): Prostorske proporcije v Fabianijevi ljubljanski arhitekturi. V: Zbornik ljubljanske ole za arhitekturo
Kos, J., (1993): Umetniki paviljon Riharda Jakopia. V: Rihard Jakopi: To sem jaz, umetnik..., Knjinica Narodne galerije, Ljubljana, str.: 98.
Ljubljana, 1908-09: Maks Fabiani: Jakopi Pavilion

ground floor plan, entrance faade, cross section, plan
symmetrical ground floor plan; pure geometric forms;
Structural Systems
http://www.artinfo.com/media/image/24458/giardini_map.gif
foto: L.S.
Venice 1895-1995: Giardini: National Pavilions

plan
Venice, 1955-56: Alvar Aalto: Finland Pavilion

prefabricated wood from Finnland;
Structural Systems
foto: L.S.
foto: L.S.
Venice, 1962: Sverre Fehn: Nordic Pavilion

concrete; trees;
Sverre Fehn: Nordic Pavilion

concrete; trees;
Structural Systems
keyword: SERPENTINE GALLERY

1934: Tea Pavilion near Serpentine Lake, Kensington Gardens - (Hyde Park) London 1970: Serpentine Pavilion Gallery, notable international modern and contemporary artists: Henry Moore, Andy Warhol, Damien Hirst, Jeff Koons, 2000: First Temporary Summer Art Pavilion
Structural Systems
SERPENITE SUMMER ART PAVILIONS

architecture and structure: 2000 - 2011 Temporary structures that are erected next to the Gallery itself for a three-month period; a maximum of six months from invitation to the architect to finnish the construction. Zaha Hadid 2000, Daniel Libeskind 2001, Toyo Ito 2002, Oscar Niemeyer 2003, MVRDV 2004*, lvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura 2005, Rem Koolhaas 2006, Frei Otto 2007*, Olafur Eliasson and Kjetil Thorsen 2007, Frank Gehry 2008, Kazuyo Sejima and Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA 2009, Jean Nouvel 2010, Peter Zumthor 2011, and biro Arup: Cecil Balmond
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Aerial-365.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/NorthFace.jpg
the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion commission

is an ongoing programme of temporary structures by internationally acclaimed architects and designers. The series is unique worldwide and presents the work of an international architect or design team who has not completed a building in England at the time of the Gallerys invitation.
architectural idea:
similar to other works of choosen architect ;
functuion of architecture:
exhibitions, lectures, film screenings, talks, the BBC proms and caf; no doors and no windows, ..; up to 250,000 visitors each summer
Structural Systems
Eliasson, O., Thorsen, K., 2007: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2007. Serpentine Gallery in Lars Mller Publishers, London in Baden, str.: 8
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/hadid.jpg
London, 2000: Zaha Hadid: Serpentine Pavilion 2000

architectural idea: tent
the 30th anniversary of the gallery temporary summer pavilion; structure made with steel columns; textile fabric; triangular surface
Structural Systems
http://zahahadid.vm.bytemark.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/serpentine_hb_7.JPG
http://zahahadid.vm.bytemark.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/serpentine_hb_4.JPG
Zaha Hadid: Serpentine Pavilion 2000

ground floor 2525 m; 600 m2 - seats for 400 visitors;
Zaha Hadid, 2000:

straight forms, but interweaved; the illusion of solidity; different interior space
Structural Systems
http://www.cork2005.ie/programme/strands/architecture/images/EighteenTurns2.jpg
London, 2001: Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

architectural idea: origami - Eighteen Turns
flexible and dynamic form; structure as 18th surfaces - origami;
Structural Systems
http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/02/0207_balmond/image/24.jpg
http://www.arcspace.com/kk_ann/2001_11/12.Libeskind.jpg
Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

model of 18th turns; length 35 m, width 18 m, high 7 m;
construction dates: 21.5.2001 wooden floors, 4.6.2001 aluminum panels, 9.6.2001 build pavilion;
Structural Systems
http://www.linternaute.com/savoir/magazine/photo/les-pavillons-de-la-serpentine-gallery/image/8pavillon-2001-savoir-magazine-252462.jpg
http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/arts/gallery/2008/mar/26/architecture.art/PD1515843@The-newtemporary-Lib-3064.jpg
Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

structure made of ribbed Aluminum elements; 1 mm thin Aluminum surface; Al from Norway
explicit un-orthogonal form; architecture = structure; re-built in Cork, Ireland
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/toyoito.jpg
London, 2002: Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

architectural idea: structure without columns
three-dimensional faade without columns; geometry of the faade: algorithm of spin of square; openings empty - full;
Structural Systems
Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

typology of a box, high = 5.3 m; walls 20 m 4.5 m; 4 entrances;
diagonal columns and roof beams 5-10 tons; ply-wood floor; made in factory and composed in building site; joints: screw and weld construction;
Structural Systems
Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

steel structure:
profile: 12-50 mm, high 55 cm; 380 plates made by Al and glass; painted in white, 3D wall; protection from overheated: ventilation
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/High%20res%20Pavilion%20frontage.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/niemeyer2.jpg
London, 2003: Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

architectural idea: tent and cantilever
differently, emptiness cantilever platform; tent roof;
Structural Systems
http://artnews.org/files/0000013000/0000012925.jpg
http://static.guim.co.uk/Guardian/arts/gallery/2008/mar/26/architecture.art/NEWCNV00013-2496.jpg
Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

float pavilion: 1 m above the grass; small building, small interior;
structure made by concrete and steel; beauty instead structure logic; white structure red accent yellow furniture;
Structural Systems
http://www.arcspace.com/architects/Niemeyer/serpentine_gallery/Neimeier-Photo-3.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/niemeyer2.jpg
Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

idea of Niemeyers architectural opus: use of concrete, some foundations and supports, and bearers
window enlargement of the interior space; sensual and sculptural; straight lines separates architecture from nature.
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/hadid.jpg
London, 2004: MVRDV: Serpentine Pavilion 2004

architectural idea: hill in the park faade view cross section;
high 18 meters; without realization.
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/alvarosiza.jpg
London, 2005: Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura, Cecil Balmond - Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2005
architectural idea: animal skeleton in wood
contemporary design and traditional structure;
Structural Systems
Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura, Cecil Balmond - Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2005
rectangular ground floor;
roof without columns in-between; 22 m 17m - 380 m2: the biggest pavilion since Hadid 2000; high 5,4 meters; 427 wood beams - span 17 m; structural grid made of glued wood;
Structural Systems
Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura, Cecil Balmond - Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2005
timber beam: glued wood (Finland pine); each peace of wood is different in form: length and position; 248 roof panels of polycarbonate are different: 5 mm thin, automatically solar-powered light in the center of each panel; like a dinosaur in the park.
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/images/JO8_fl.jpg
London, 2006: Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006
architectural idea: dome
dome big space egg; glowing at night; translucent pavilion
Structural Systems
Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006

diameter 21 m, high from 20 m to 24 m;
dome fill with He 6000 m3; double wall, made of polycarbonate panels: distance 1.6 m, high 6 m; 300 visitors dome made of translucent polyester with PVC top coat; interior side is finished with translucent foil; interior seems larger;
Structural Systems
Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006

light structure;
raise and lower the dome; nice weather = high dome; low pressure = low dome; dome fixed on the floor with 4 electric winches;
Structural Systems
?
London, 2007: Frei Otto: Serpentine Pavilion 2007
?
construction of the pavilion delayed; never realized idea.
Structural Systems
http://www.shuunya.net/images/buildings/ZahaHadidPavillion/Zaha-Hadid-0012.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/1373_LH_007-email365.jpg
London, 2007: Zaha Hadid Architects: Serpentine Pre-pavilion 2007

architectural idea: lilas
three identical lilas each stand on one column; textile over steel structure; high 5.5 m.
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/pavilion_night_time.jpg
London, 2007: Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen: Serpentine Pavilion 2007

architectural idea: high third dimension
cantilever footpath; view across the park at the top of the pavilion;
Structural Systems
Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen: Serpentine Pavilion 2007
steel structure, fill with plywood panels; roof opening;
Structural Systems
Olafur Eliasson in Kjetil Thorsen: Serpentine Pavilion 2007

wooden slope outside pavilion;
amphitheater: concerts and lectures;
Structural Systems
http://www.archidose.org/Jul08/28/dose-image01.html
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Gehry-Serpentine-2814.jpg
London, 2008: Frank Gehry: Serpentine Pavilion 2008

architectural idea: catapult by Leonardo da Vinci
structure: 4 massive steel columns; hidden behind wood; timber beams;
Structural Systems
Frank Gehry: Serpentine Pavilion 2008
secondary roof structure: timber small beams; glass panels; roof structure put together on floor;
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Gehry-Serpentine-2822.jpg
Frank Gehry: Serpentine Pavilion 2008
multidimensional space of amphitheater - promenade; acoustic, lightning, fire safety,
Structural Systems
R. Gregory, Serpentine Pavilion. V: The Architectural Review, t. 1350, str. 82, 2009.
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/SerpentineGalleryPavilion_SANAA1_HiRes.jpg
London, 2009: Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA: Serpentine Pavilion 2009
architectural idea: metal cloud
aluminum between the trees; columns as thin as possible; simple surface connections; without details and endings;
Structural Systems
R. Gregory, Serpentine Pavilion. V: The Architectural Review, t. 1350, str. 85, 2009.
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/LowRes_SerpentineGalleryPav.jpg
Kazuyo Sejima + Ryue Nishizawa / SANAA: Serpentine Pavilion 2009
foundations and ground floor: concrete; 560 m2 roof Aluminum plates; 115 columns: stainless steel; diameter 6 cm, random raster;
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/sanaa_new_2.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/sanaa_new_4.jpg
roof: Al plates polished and shiny roof. 3 m1,5 m plates, thickness 2,5 cm (3 mm Al + 1,9 mm plywood + 3 mm Al)
Structural Systems
http://flavorwire.com/38730/daily-dose-pick-sanaa
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Serpentine_Gallery_Pavilion_2009_by_Japanese _architects_SANAA_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1397366.jpg
roof: Al plates polished and shiny roof. 3 m1,5 m plates, thickness 2,5 cm (3 mm Al + 1,9 mm plywood + 3 mm Al)
Structural Systems
http://www.detail.de/artikel_serpentine-pavilion-nouvel-london-2010_26390_En.htm
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/Ping-Pong---Photograph-Phil.jpg
London, 2010: Jean Nouvel: Serpentine Pavilion 2010 red sun pavilion
architectural idea: red sun pavilion
red (as London color) lightweight materials; metal cantilever structures; 12 m high wall
Structural Systems
http://www.detail.de/artikel_serpentine-pavilion-nouvel-london-2010_26390_En.htm
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/2PQ_1368_365.jpg
Jean Nouvel: Serpentine Pavilion 2010

glass, polycarbonate and fabric structures;
public space, caf, flexible auditorium; outdoor table tennis tables
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_2284Serpentine_nouvel_365.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/2PQ_1595_2_365.jpg
Jean Nouvel: Serpentine Pavilion 2010
red (as London color) lightweight materials; metal cantilever structures; 12 m high wall
Structural Systems
cameronmcewan.wordpress.com/tag/association/
http://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/27/serpentine-gallery-pavilion-2011-by-peter-zumthor-2/
London, 2011: Peter Zumthor: Serpentine Pavilion 2011

idea: hortus conclusus = enclosed garden a contemplative room, yard; a garden within a garden.
Zumthor architecture: the sensory and spiritual aspects of the architectural experience, from the precise yet simple composition and presence of the materials, to the handling of scale and the effect of light.
Structural Systems
http://www.riftpowerlevel.com/?p=1020
Peter Zumthor: Serpentine Pavilion 2011

timber structure;
public space, caf,
Structural Systems
a place abstracted from the world of noise and traffic and the smells of London an interior space within which to sit, to walk, to observe the flowers
Structural Systems
http://zumthor.tumblr.com/post/12641416239/drawings-by-peter-zumthor-serpentine-gallery1
http://www.mikepevsner.com/blog/files/d941a4066ce1ee4145e1b39e138408de-87.html

garden
specially created garden by the influential Dutch designer Piet Oudolf
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/pavilion2012/wp-content/themes/pavilion2012/images/footprintsimage1.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_CI_120504_006%20press%20page.jpg
London, 2012: Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei: Serpentine Pavilion 2012
idea: previous 11 pavilions
11 + 1 columns each colunm represents one pavilion archaeological approach: - inspire visitors to look beneath the surface of the park, - back in time across the ghosts of the earlier structures
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_CI_120504_002%20press%20page.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/400_MO_120504_001%20press%20page.jpg
Herzog & de Meuron and Ai Weiwei: Serpentine Pavilion 2012
floating platform roof 1,5 m above the ground
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/HdM%20Serpentine%207144%20Press%20Page.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_4375%20Press%20Page.jpg
water / pool at the top of the pavilion
Structural Systems
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/HdM-Serpentine-6359-365.jpg
http://www.serpentinegallery.org/_MG_4348%20Press%20Page.jpg
interior: cork (echo) cladding & chairs
Structural Systems
SERPENTINE GALLERY TEMPORARY PAVILIONS

Architecture = Structure = Design unusual forms without windows and doors there is no difference between inner and outer space experiments with the space (2000-2012) top level form 21 century: the work of architect and structural engineer are interweaved collaboration between branches light engineers, acoustic engineers
Structural Systems
TRIMO URBAN CRASH

Architecture = Structure = Design unusual forms without windows and doors there is no difference between inner and outer space experiments with the space http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/ only condition: only Trimo elements
Structural Systems
http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/MIROS_4.jpg
http://www.designmagazin.cz/umeni/5114-vyhlasena-soutez-na-dalsi-objekt-trimo-urban-crash.html
Ljubljana, 2007: Jelena Gruji: Relaxation Wall, competition winner Trimo Urban Crash 07
http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/
only condition: only Trimo elements
Structural Systems
http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/R205_4.jpg
foto. L.S.
Ljubljana, 2007: Rok Grdia: Pavilion, second place Trimo Urban Crash 07
Ljubljana, 2010: Rok Grdia: rebuild pavilion

only condition: only Trimo elements (steel) now on different location
Structural Systems
http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/TUC_oder_gradnja_1.jpg
http://www.trimo-urbancrash.com/images/TUC_constructed_stage.jpg
Ljubljana, 2009: Jan Ledwo in Alicja Choa: White Dancer, competition winner Trimo Urban Crash 09
only condition: only Trimo elements (steel)
Structural Systems
http://mojdom.dnevnik.si/sl/Arhitektura/3390/Trimo+Urban+Crash+2011%3A+zmagovalna+tribuna+je+odprta
http://mojdom.dnevnik.si/sl/Arhitektura/3390/Trimo+Urban+Crash+2011%3A+zmagovalna+tribuna+je+odprta
Ljubljana, 2011: Wojciech Nowak, Martynika Bielawska: A Life Stand, competition winner Trimo Urban Crash 2011
only condition: only Trimo elements (steel)
Structural Systems
?
http://www.armedforces-int.com/upload/image_files/suppliers/gallery/1310/modular-campbuildings/modular-container-unit.jpg
Ljubljana, 2013: ?: Trimo Urban Crash 2013
task: self-sufficient Bike Base designed as a sustainable building consisting of a maximum of three Trimo modular units

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Structural Systems

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

SERPENTINE GALLERY ART PAVILIONS, LONDON, 2000-12

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

keyword: ART PAVILIONS IN PUBLIC PARKS

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 1811-17: John Soane: Dulwich Picture Gallery

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Vienna, 1897-98: Joseph Maria Olbrich: Secession Building

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Ljubljana, 1908-09: Maks Fabiani: Jakopi Pavilion

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Ljubljana, 1908-09: Maks Fabiani: Jakopi Pavilion

symmetrical ground floor plan; pure geometric forms;

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Venice 1895-1995: Giardini: National Pavilions

Venice, 1955-56: Alvar Aalto: Finland Pavilion

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Venice, 1962: Sverre Fehn: Nordic Pavilion

Sverre Fehn: Nordic Pavilion

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

keyword: SERPENTINE GALLERY

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

SERPENITE SUMMER ART PAVILIONS

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

the Serpentine Gallery Pavilion commission

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 2000: Zaha Hadid: Serpentine Pavilion 2000

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Zaha Hadid: Serpentine Pavilion 2000

Zaha Hadid, 2000:

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 2001: Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

flexible and dynamic form; structure as 18th surfaces - origami;

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Daniel Libeskind and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2001

explicit un-orthogonal form; architecture = structure; re-built in Cork, Ireland

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 2002: Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Toyo Ito and Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2002

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 2003: Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

differently, emptiness cantilever platform; tent roof;

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Oscar Niemeyer: Serpentine Pavilion 2003

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

London, 2004: MVRDV: Serpentine Pavilion 2004

high 18 meters; without realization.

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

contemporary design and traditional structure;

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

dome big space egg; glowing at night; translucent pavilion

Serpentine Gallery Art Pavilions (2000-12)

Rem Koolhaas and Cecil Balmond, Arup: Serpentine Pavilion 2006