Effects of

Traffic/Transportation on
urbanPresented
environment
by:
2005-cte-07
2005-cte-14
2005-cte-26
 OUTLINE
• Introduction

• Development of Transport

• POSITIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON

THE ENVIRONMENT

• NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ROAD TRANSPORTATION ON

THE ENVIRONMENT

• Suggestions
 Introduction
Traffic
“The passage of people or vehicles
along routes of transportation”
Urban Area
An urban area is an area with an
increased density of human-created
structures in comparison to the areas
surrounding it. Urban areas may be
cities, towns or conurbations.
 Transport Development and
Urbanization
Development of Transport
“Evolution of transport means and Increase in
people’s trip”
Trend of Car Ownership
Car ownership and income level
 POSITIVE IMPACT OF ROAD
TRANSPORTATION ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
•Mobility of the urban dwellers would
have been impossible without road
transportation

•Commodity movement
 Expansion
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF ROAD
TRANSPORTATION ON THE
ENVIRONMENT
• Air Pollution

• Noise Pollution

• Water Pollution

• Expansion

• Road Traffic Accidents

• Traffic congestion, Parking Problems

 Air Pollution

Vehicle emissions affect people’s health

Recent study estimated that 399 people will die

prematurely each year because of vehicle air
pollution!!!.
What are the land transport contaminants?

Exhaust
emissions
metals
particles
Refuelling
SOx losses
Evaporative
VOCs emissions
NOx
CO

CO2
Brake pad wear
Tyre wear metals Oil, grease,
Rubber & hydraulic,
metals Road wear - dust, sediment fuel losses
Transport and GHG Emission in Developing
Countries
•Rapid increase in both ownership and use of car

•To own a personal car is a great desire of people

•Increase in car ownership in accordance with income

level
is inevitable Car is intensively used, because of relatively
low variable cost compared with high fixed cost

•As a result, Energy consumption by transport in

developing
countries has been increasing by 4 % annually (2.7% in
whole world)

•GHG emission volume is increasing in 3 times higher

rate of
•Developing countries account a considerable
share in total volume of GHG emission

•Geographical location of impact of GHG

emission is independent on that of source

•Marginal cost to reduce emission in a

developing country is less than in a developed
country
Noise Pollution

Noise and vibrations can

affect people who live or
work
near busy roads, rail
facilities, ports and
airports, or
under flight paths.

This can cause stress,

exacerbate existing
medical conditions and
interfere with daily
activities such as
communicating or
sleeping. High levels of
 Water Pollution
Heavy metals and petroleum products from vehicles can
contaminate the land and stormwater.

Transport is also responsible for some of the extensive

heavy metal contamination of some harbours and
estuarine areas. Contaminated stormwater can make
receiving water unsafe to swim in, drink, or collect
shellfish.

Culverts for transport infrastructure can disrupt fish

migration. Suspended sediments, from road works for
example, can affect water clarity, favouring species that
prefer cloudy conditions.

Transporting hazardous substances carries a risk of

 Expansion
•Transport infrastructure (such as roads or
parking spaces) covers 25-30 percent of land in
most modern cities.

•Transport allows urban expansion, which can

consume or damage valuable agricultural lands,
natural habitats,

•Urban expansion can create inefficient travel

patterns and congestion. Habitat fragmentation
by roads or rail tracks can lead to biodiversity
losses, and provide corridors for the spread of
pests and weeds.
 Road Traffic Accidents

• 500 children die in

road accidents
every day

• Unless we act now,

road traffic
fatalities in the
poorest countries
will almost double
by 2020.

• The World Bank is

taking action to
SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING THE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD
TRANSPORTATION ON EVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
• Mandatory EIA
• Intermodal Coordination
• Use of Non-Motorized Transport
• Telecommunication
• Regulation of imported vehicles
• Traffic Restraint Methods
SUGGESTIONS FOR REDUCING THE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF ROAD
TRANSPORTATION ON
• Use of Transport Infrastructure
• Use of Mass Transit
• Bus Priority
• Traffic Education
• Regular post-project monitoring of road
projects
• Rehabilitating of borrow pits from road
construction
• Implementation and Enforcement of the
National Policy on the Environment