The Emancipation Proclamation of College Basketball

By David Shakno Senior Division Individual Website Annotated Bibliography 97958209.nhd.weebly.com

Primary Sources:
"The Baron's Runts." Time 4 Feb. 1966: n. pag. Print. This 1966 Time magazine article is from the month before the national championship. Adolph Rupp discusses how he feels his team is doing, and whether or not they are a championship contender. I find it interesting because it shows even at the time that Rupp is already viewed as a legendary coach who always knows the answer to everything. "Benching Jim Crow." University of Illinois Press. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.press.uillinois.edu/books/catalog/88rqy8zd9780252035517.html>. This is the cover of a book I used Benching Jim Crow by Charles Martin, who I also interviewed on the phone. It was used on the Game page. "Big Little Men." Newsweek 7 Mar. 1966: 82-84. Print. This 1966 Newsweek article is from the beginning of the 1966 tournament. Rupp looks back on the previous few weeks and analyzes what his team did right and wrong. He also explains what his team will do going forward and how they can go farther into the tournament. I find it interesting that the author of this article says that Kentucky has some of the best team chemistry in the Kentucky which, though I believe it, is something that is not mentioned in many other articles. Clarkson, Richard. "1966 Texas Western Miners." University of Texas at El Paso. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Jan. 2013. <http://gloryroad.utep.edu/images/den/1966_photos/1966_42.jpg>. This is a team photo of the 1966 Texas Western Miners after they won the championship. It was used in the slideshow on the home page. - - -. Photo Taken by Richard Clarkson. Photo courtesy of UTEP Library Archives. University of Texas at El Paso. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. <http://gloryroad.utep.edu/den/default.aspx>. This is a photograph of Cole Field House during the 1966 championship game. It was used on the Game page. Coach Don Haskins, UTEP President Joseph M. Ray, and Miner seniors Harry Flournoy, Orsten Artis and Jerry Armstrong hold the championship trophy after the game. UTEP. University of Texas at El Paso, n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://ia.utep.edu/Portals/1267/FlournoyArtisArmstrongTroph.jpg>. This is a picture of Don Haskins, UTEP President Joseph Ray and three players holding the trophy after they won the 1966 NCAA basketball championship game. It was used in the slideshow on the home page. Deford, Frank. "Bravo for the Baron." Sports Illustrated 7 Mar. 1966: 22-23. Print. Sports Illustrated college basketball writer Frank Deford wrote a feature on Rupp less than two weeks before the championship game between Kentucky and Texas Western. Deford analyzes Rupps change in coaching philosophy and how it

could affect his team moving forward. Rupp also admits to changing some things and the Kentucky players also feel that he has changed. - - -. "The Champions Get After It." Sports Illustrated 12 Dec. 1966: 26-28. Print. Frank Deford wrote a feature on Texas Western nine months after they had won the championship. The article gives a preview of the 1967 season and predictions of how much success Texas Western will have. It also goes in depth at how winning the championship has affected Texas Western coach Don Haskins and his players. - - -. "Eeny, Meeny, Miney, Mo..." Sports Illustrated 14 Mar. 1966: 32-34. Print. This article is from Sports Illustrated by Deford previewing the tournament over the next two weeks. Texas Western was viewed as an underdog to Deford as he picked Kansas to come out of the region. - - -. E-mail interview. 24 Dec. 2012. I interviewed Frank Deford by email, which was very helpful to my project. Mr. Deford was a great resource for my research, because he extensively covered Texas Western in the weeks and months before and after they won the 1966 championship. He also gave me some great ideas for talking about the 1963 Mississippi State vs. Loyola game. - - -. "Go-Go with Bobby Joe." Sports Illustrated 28 Mar. 1966: 26-29. Print. This is another article by Deford that was written just a week after Texas Western won the national championship. It discusses both Rupps and Haskins coaching philosophies and preparation for the championship game. A major point that not many of the articles show is the immediate reaction of Kentucky after they lost the game. - - -. "Now There Are Four." Sports Illustrated 21 Mar. 1966: 22-25. Print. Deford wrote this article days before the Final Four (and national championship). He previews the final four and gives his predictions for the championship. What is really interesting about this article is that it mentioned the fact that Texas Westerns starting lineup was all-black compared to Kentuckys and Dukes (they were to play the winner of that Kentucky and Duke in the final) lineups. While many article that happened in the years after the game, few articles I have gone through from the months before and after the game have acknowledged that fact. "Dr. Leslie Heaphy." Kent State University. N.p., 22 June 2009. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. <http://einside.kent.edu/files/June222009/ NewsBriefsStarkTeachingHeaphy.jpg>. This is a photograph of Dr. Leslie Heaphy, a professor at Kent State University. I used this image on the Effects page to go along with a clip from m y interview with her.

Drake, James. "Sports Illustrated- March 28, 1966." Sports Illustrated. CNN, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. <http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/cover/featured/7966/index.htm>. The is the cover of Sports Illustrated the week after Texas Western won the 1966 national championship. It shows Texas Westerns Harry Flournoy fighting for a rebound against Kentuckys Pat Riley. It was used on the Game page. Flournoy, Harry. Telephone interview. 28 Dec. 2012. Mr. Flournoy was extremely helpful to my project because he could give me information that only players on the team could. Mr. Flournoy and I discussed how the team felt about the racial significance of the championship game along with stories that are never mentioned in articles. This includes all of the audio clips by Harry Fournoy on my website. Harry Flournoy speaks Sunday at McCaskey East auditorium. Read more: http://lancasteronline.com/article/local/235120_How-the-court-ruled-on race.html#ixzz2QOmmxvG8. Lancaster Online. N.p., 16 Mar. 2009. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. <http://images-cdn.lancasteronline.com/35715_640.jpg>. This is a photograph of Harry Flournoy, who played for Texas Western during their championship season and was the captain of the team. I used this image on the Effects page to go along with a clip from my interview with him. Jares, Joe. "Defense by a Coyote Caller." Sports Illustrated 7 Feb. 1966: 48-49. Print Joe Jares wrote a feature about Texas Western about six weeks before the national championship. What is significant about this is that Texas Western was not widely talked about even this late into the season. Even though they were in the top 10 in the college basketball rankings, they were an afterthought to sports journalists and were seen as pretenders instead of contenders, who would not go deep into the tournament. "The Miners' Major Upset." Time 25 Mar. 1966: n. pag. Print. This Time Magazine article was written as a sports brief just the week after Texas Western won the championship. There are two things that set this apart from other primary sources I have. One is that unlike most of the primary sources, it acknowledges Texas Westerns all-black starting lineup. The other is that it proves this was not just a turning point in sports- but a cultural and social change as well since Time is not a sports magazine. "Miner Upset." Newsweek 1966: 84. Print. This Newsweek article, like the Time article is a brief about the Final Four. Also like Time, it is another non-sports related magazine that wrote about the championship and recognized its significance. "1973-1974 NCAA champs N.C. State University men's basketball team." North Carolina State University Libraries. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. <http://d.lib.ncsu.edu/adoredjatoka/resolver?rft_id=0008553&svc.level=5&

svc_id=info%3Alanlrepo%2Fsvc%2FgetRegion&svcval_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffm t%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajpeg2000&url_ver=Z39.88-2004>. This is a photograph of the 1974 North Carolina State basketball team. It was used on the Effects page. 1966 NCAA Division I: Men's Basketball National Championship: Texas Western vs. Kentucky. Prod. NCAA On Demand. National Collegiate Athletic Association, 2007. DVD. This video strictly provided film of the actual championship game itself along with interviews with players on both teams such as Texas Westerns Bobby Joe Hill and Willy Worsely and Kentuckys Pat Riley and Lou Dampier. I was able to incorporate some of these interviews into my website. "University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)." University of Texas at El Paso. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. <http://coprod.cs.utep.edu/images/utep2.jpg>. This is a photograph of the University of Texas at El Paso campus. It was used on the Texas Western page. The University of Texas-El Paso History Professor Charles H. Martin, author of Benching Jim Crow: The Rise and Fall of the Color Line in Southern College Sports, 1890-1980, concluded STCs Black History Months Distinguished Lecture Series. South Texas College. N.p., 7 Mar. 2011. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. This is a photograph of Dr. Charles Martin, a professor at the University of Texas at El Paso. I used this image on the Effects page to go along with a clip from my interview with him.

Secondary Sources:
"Adolph Rupp." USA Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. <http://i.usatoday.net/sports/_photos/2011/03/30/rupp2x-large.jpg>. This is a picture of Kentucky coach Adolph Rupp during one of his games. It was used on the Kentucky & The SEC page. "African American History Month." Bureau of Labor Statistics. United States Department of Labor, Feb. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://www.bls.gov/spotlight/2010/african_american_history/>. In 2010, the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics released information required unemployment rates for both the total United States population (over 16) and African Americans. It is useful because it shows a long term effect of the civil rights movement as unemployment rates significantly dropped. Burch, Ethan. "Texas Western v. Kentucky, a win for civil rights." Enotah Echoes [Young Harris, Georgia] 17 Jan. 2011, Sports & Recreation: n. pag. Print. This article features some general background information about Texas Western, however, it also has some good quotes I can use for my website. Burch

emphasizes the fact the Texas Western had an all-black lineup and does so more than other writers. "Chronicling the career of a pioneer -- Perry Wallace." The Tennessean. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://vh10317.moc.gbahn.net/slideshows/2004/sports/0219perrywallace/21.sht ml>. This is a picture of Perry Wallace who was the first black basketball player to play in the SEC. It is used on the Effects page. Drake, James. "Texas Western College Harry Flournoy, 1966 NCAA National Championship." Getty Images. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. This is the same photograph as the one used on the Sports Illustrated cover however it is just the image and not the rest of the cover. It is also a better quality version of it because its not a scanned image of the cover. It was used in the slideshow on the home page. Eagan, Matt. "Breaking The Barrier Victory Of All-black Texas Western Basketball Team Had Huge Symbolic Impact." Hartford Courrier [Hartford, Connecticutt] 13 Jan. 2006: n. pag. Print. This is a great article as a secondary sources as Eagan looks back on the season unlike other writers. Eagans article has some great quotes including some by former UCONN head coaches Jim Calhoun and Dee Rowe. Rowes opinions are significant because he was the first coach to integrate UCONNs basketball team. Finney, Peter, Jr. "Texas Western's Road to Glory." CBSSports.com. CBS Broadcasting Inc., 9 Jan. 2006. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.cstv.com/sports/mbaskbl/stories/010906aba.html>. This article was written by CBSs Peter Finney Jr. around the time the movie Glory Road, based on Texas Western, was released. It includes some information about the SEC during that time and also Texas Westerns history of recruiting black players. Fischer, David. Sports in America 1960-1969. N.p.: Facts on File, 2010. Print. This book provides a small section with an overview of Texas Westerns championship run. This book helped me because it referred to the game as the Brown vs. Board of Education of college basketball. It also includes two great quotes from Rupp including one before the championship game when he said, No five blacks are going to beat Kentucky. Fitzpatrick, Frank. And the Walls Came Tumbling Down. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1994. Print. Frank Fitzpatrick is a sports columnist for the Philadelphia Inquirer who is one of the few to write books about Texas Westerns championship season. The book discusses a variety of useful points from both coachs backgrounds to the effects it had on basketball in the years after.

- - -. "Texas Western's 1966 Title Left Lasting Legacy." ESPN.com. ESPN, 19 Nov. 2003. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://espn.go.com/classic/s/013101_texas_western_fitzpatrick.html>. Frank Fitzpatrick, who also wrote a book about the subject, interviewed many people and got points of views from people not interviewed in most articles about Texas Western. One of these included Perry Wallace, who was the first black SEC basketball player. It also has some interesting quotes from newspapers during the time including a funny one that said, The Miners, who don't worry much about defense but try to pour the ball through the hoop as much as possible, will present quite a challenge to Kentucky. The running, gunning Texas quintet can do more things with a basketball than a monkey on a 50-foot jungle wire. George, Nelson. Elevating the Game. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Print. This book, dedicated to the history of black basketball players, provides something not written in other books- blacks opinions of Rupp. Most of the articles about Rupp and/or Texas Western explain how whites felt about Rupp but not blacks. I think one of the best quotes that demonstrates this is, Rupp was, to many blacks, the basketball version of Birmingham police chief Bull Connor. Glory Road. By Disney Movies on Demand. Youtube. N.p., 29 Dec. 2011. Web. 5 Jan. 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44w1yZl3dK8>. This is the official 2006 trailer for the movie Glory Road. I was able to use an excerpt of this when talking about the movie on my Postmortem page. "Glory Road (2006)." Internet Movie Database. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2013. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0385726/>. This is the IMDB article with information on the movie Glory Road. It includes cast information, which I used on my Postmortem page. Guy, Trenton. "Integration and Trailblazers in College Basketball and the Concept of the $40 Million- Dollar Slave." Diss. Johnson C. Smith University, 2008. Print. This dissertation includes a lot of great information not only about Texas Western, but also integration of basketball teams in the South. Trenton Guy has some writes about several good ideas and also makes great points about the different stereotypes black basketball players faced in the south during the civil rights era. "Harry Flournoy." Biography. N.p., 31 Jan. 2013. Web. 13 Apr. 2013. <http://www.biography.com/assets/images/bionow/harry-flournoy.jpg>. This is a photograph of Harry Flournoy, who played for Texas Western during their championship season and was the captain of the team. I used this image on the Effects page to go along with a clip from my interview with him. Heaphy, Leslie. Telephone interview. 22 Dec. 2012.

Leslie Heaphy is a professor at Kent State University and has a lot of knowledge about Texas Westerns championship run. She specializes in United States and sports history. Ms. Heaphy and I discussed in our interview on the phone about everything from Don Haskins background to the reaction of SEC and southern collegiate basketball teams. Herman, Richard. "An Oral History of the Integration of College Sports." University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Jan. 2010. Speech. This is a very useful source because it is one of the few speeches around about the topic. Richard Herman discussed in a 2010 speech the history of integration in sports and unlike many articles I have researched, talked about how civil rights legislations had already been passed by this time but yet it was slow to affect athletics. Keko, Don. "Texas Western's 1966 tournament run changed sports." Examiner. Clarity Digital Group LLC, 20 Mar. 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2012. <http://www.examiner.com/article/texas-western-s-1966-tournament-runchanged-sports>. This article by Don Keko provides some basic background knowledge until the last paragraphs. At the end, Keko concludes by explaining how the championship had a huge impact not only on integration in the SEC, but also all of college basketball and the NBA. Kentucky will be in need of an entirely new starting lineup next season as it chases backto-back national championships. Cats Pause. 247 Sports, 17 Apr. 2012. Web. 2. Mar. 2013. <http://media.247sports.com/Uploads/Gallery/298548/6_298616.jpg>. This is a photograph of the 2012 Kentucky basketball teams starting lineup (which was all-black). It was used on the Effects page. Kindred, Dave. "In '66, the champs couldn't sing their song." Sporting News 20 Jan. 2006: 56. Print. In this 2006 article, Dave Kindred features one of the Texas Western player, Nevil Shed. He also explains how the Miners championship ties in with the Brown v. Board of Education case and other civil rights moments. Best of all, Kindred calls the Miners win against Kentucky the Emancipation Proclamation of basketball. "Kitsport Basket Ball." Kamal International Trading. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Mar. 2013. <http://www.kitgroup.com/uploads/product/basket-itemno-9.jpg>. This is an illustration of a basketball. I used it in my info graphic on the Effects page. Lowitt, Bruce. "Texas Western changes face of college athletics." St. Petersburg Times [St. Petersburg, Florida] 13 Dec. 1999: n. pag. Print.

This article is one of my favorites because it includes one of the funniest quotes said by Rupp. It explains how Rupp in the 50s and 60s would call the New York journalists and ask if certain players he had read about in the newspapers were black or white. When he heard that the players were black, he responded by saying, Can't you people put some kind of asterisk next to these names? "Loyola vs. Mississippi, Regional semi-finals." El Dorado News. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://www.eldoradonews.com/news/2012/12/15/msu-loyola-meet-inrematch-of-landmark-g-654799.php>. This is an image of a Mississippi State player shaking hands with a Loyola of Chicago player prior to the 1963 NCAA tournament game. It was used on the Kentucky & The SEC page. Lupica, Mike. "Tubby At Kentucky Is A Story Of Its Own." New York Daily News 30 Mar. 1998: n. pag. Print. I feel like this is a very inspiring article because it features Tubby Smith, who in the late 1990s became the first black coach at Kentucky. After years of Rupps racism, Smith became coach at Kentucky and it shows what has changed at the school since the civil rights movement. Magelssen, Tommy. "Member of 1966 NCAA champ Texas Western speaks about turning negative into positive." Lubbuck Avalanche Journal 28 Feb. 2012: n. pag. Print. This is another article that is centered around Texas Western player Nevil Shed, however, the topics are different from Kindreds article. In this one, Shed discusses how his team faced discrimination in the South when traveling and how the team persevered. The article also features reactions from former students of the school. Markus, Don. "Texas Western-Kentucky Changed College Basketball 25 Years Ago." Baltimore Sun [Baltimore, Maryland] 24 Mar. 1991: n. pag. Print. This 1991 Baltimore Sun article features interviews with several players that were in the championship game including Texas Westerns David Lattin and Kentuckys Pat Riley. In the article, the players discuss whether they think the game had social significance. Also discussed is the civil rights movement and the Civil Rights Act passed just two years before the championship game. Martin, Charles. Benching Jim Crow. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2010. Print. Benching Jim Crow was one of the books I used most as it includes several interviews and great points. This also helped me find one of the major points I was trying to find out which was when every SEC team integrated. The book has an entire chapter dedicated to Texas Western and another dedicated to SEC basketball integration. - - -. Telephone interview. 27 Dec. 2012.

My interview with Dr. Martin was great because I was able to ask him some questions I had after reading his book Benching Jim Crow along with things about El Paso which he could answer because he is a professor involved with United States, Texas, Civil Rights and sports history at the University of Texas at El Paso. I learned a lot of information regarding Texas Westerns culture, the team and other ways Texas Western is a turning point in history from Dr. Martin. Newnham, Blaine. "College Basketball History -- Defining Moments -- Texas Western's Miners Of 1966 Toppled Kentucky, Racist Stereotypes." Seattle Times 16 Jan. 1995: n. pag. Print. This 1995 Seattle Times article commemorates the Texas Western team. Blaine Newham discusses how Texas Western helped open the door to black athletes in the South. Also, he writes about what some of the players are doing now. Patterson, Jim. "Taylor Stokes completes another step in his journey by getting his Vanderbilt degree." Vanderbilt. Vanderbilt Division of Public Affairs, 1 May 2009. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://sitemason.vanderbilt.edu/vanderbiltview/articles/2009/05/01/the-40-yearplan.79003>. Jim Patterson in this article interviewed Taylor Stokes, the first black football player to play for Vanderbilt on a scholarship. Stokes in his interview details the racial slurs he received when on the road and how he dealt with his team. Newseum. President Lyndon B. Johnson Signs Civil Rights Act, Gives Pen to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Youtube. N.p., 2 July 2011. Web. 12 May 2013 <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bygv9u1G6Xo>. In this video, President Lyndon B. Johnson announces and signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In his announcement, he says that the purpose of the bill is to promote a more abiding commitment to freedom, a more constant pursuit of justice and a deeper respect for human dignity. This video helped me form my thesis. Newswise.com. Newswise Inc., 3 Jan. 2006. Web. 7 Oct. 2012. <http://www.newswise.com/articles/in-1966-texas-western-changed-the-face-ofcollege-athletics>. This 2006 Newswise article gives a general overview of Texas Western as a school. This includes statistics regarding the percentage of each ethnicity at the school. Also, it has some great points about the impact Texas Western has had. Reyes, Silvestre. "H. Res. 668." Congress. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2013. <http://beta.congress.gov/bill/109th-congress/house-resolution/668/text>. This is the text of the congressional bill passed in the House of Representatives in 2006 honoring the 1966 Texas Western team. It includes information supporting my thesis that it helped racial integration in sports.

Schechter, B.J. "Harry Flournoy, Texas Western forward." Sports Illustrated 6 Apr. 1998: 12. Print. I used this Sports Illustrated article in preparation for my interview with Mr. Flournoy. BJ Schechter sat down with Mr. Flournoy to discuss the impact he felt Texas Western had on basketball today. It also has some great quotes about how Texas Western was trying to prove that an all-black lineup could win. Southeastern Conference. "Tournaments & Rankings." 2012-2013 SEC Media Guide. N.p.: n.p., 2012. 146-50. Print. Chuck Dunlap, Associate Director of Media Relations of the SEC was able to provide me with a section of the 2012-2013 SEC Media Guide. The section had postseason results of all of the SEC teams since the beginning of the NCAA tournament in 1939. This helped me find all of the SEC teams that have won the championship since Texas Westerns win over Kentucky which then allowed me to find further information on those championship teams. Tubby Smith is headed to Minnesota. Cleveland. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Jan. 2013. <http://blog.cleveland.com/sports/tubbysmith.jpg>. This is a picture of Tubby Smith when he was the head coach at Kentucky. It was used on the Effects page. "Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement." Civil Rights Movement. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis54.htm#1954bvbe>. While this is not directly related to Texas Western, I felt that it was important to tie in the Civil Rights Movement with this project. That is why I gathered this timeline which explains what some of the legislations passed in the 1960s did. "Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement -- History & Timeline, 1957." Civil Rights Movement. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://www.crmvet.org/tim/timhis57.htm#1957lrsd>. Also about the Civil Rights Movement, this timeline provides information regarding the famous Brown v. Board of Education case. I feel that this is important to my research because education is one of the main things I am tying in with my research in addition to athletics that blacks were fighting for during the Civil Rights Movement. "The Voting Rights Act of 1965." Justice. The United States Department of Justice, n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2012. <http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/vot/intro/intro_b.php>. I needed to have information regarding the Voting Rights Act of 1965 because, in my opinion, it is one of the most, if not the most important legislation passed during the 1960s. Enforcing the right for blacks to vote was huge. Also, it is great that this comes from the United States Department of Justice so I know it is very accurate, and it provides detailed facts. Weiss, Dick. "Crowning 'Glory'. In '66, Texas Western's 5 Black Starters Beat All-white Kentucky To Earn . . ." New York Daily News [New York, New York] 8 Jan. 2006: n. pag. Print.

This 2006 New York Daily News article talks about how some of the black players got to Texas Western. It explains how Don Haskins was a hero to these players and how he didnt have to go against the trend of not recruiting more than a couple black players. Weiss talks to Flournoy and Worsely and they both say how they admire Haskins for that. Wilbon, Michael. "A Win for Texas Western, A Triumph for Equality." Washington Post 13 Jan. 2006: n. pag. Print. Washington Post sports columnist Michael Wilbon talks about how stereotypes Texas Western faced going into the championship game. He explains how the stereotype facing teams with black players was that they were cocky and more entertaining that actually talented.