Respiratory system ‘Development ofthe lungs begins at 4 weeks ‘The epithelium ofthe respiratory sytem develops from endoderm ‘The connective tissue cartilage and muscle develop from splanchnic mesoderm and neural crest Development ofthe trachea Development of bronchi and fungs ‘+ Small opening, leryngotracheal dverculum, inthe foregut appears at 26 day + Longitudinal folds form tacheoesophageal septum © lugbuds— 4" week ©. right divides into three main bronchi © left divides into two min bronchi © 17 subdivisions before birth © 6subdivisions afer bith Stages of lung maturation + Pseudoplandular period (5-17 weeks) © allelements of the lugs are developed exept thse elements involved in gas exchange ‘© fetuses bom up to 17 weeks will not survive ‘+ Canaicalar period (16-25 weeks) ‘© lumen of bronchi and bronchioles become large; © tissue become more vascular. © respintory bronchioles and alveolar ducts develop; (©. some temninal sacs develop; ©. by 20weeks type Il alveolar cells begin progucing surfactant ©. respiratory is posible atthe end of this stage + Terminal sc period (24 weeks to birth) (© many more terminal sacs develop; © epithelium becomes very thin © capillaries bulge int the alveoli; © type alveolar cells develop; ‘0 capillary network develops rapidly © between 26 and 28 weeks before enough surfactants produced; © surfactant and enough capillaries re necessary for gas exchange, * Alveolar period (late fetal period to childhood, 8 yeas) © squamous epithelium forms; © respiratory bronchioles end as terminal sacs, © terminal sacs become alveolar ducts; © alveoli form afer birth 0 alveoli continue develop to 8" year © Lungs at birth ‘©. at birth lungs are filled with Quid; Draw feta lang and recognize the maturation stage © fluid is enlaced by air