Aerospace

Engineering

Reasons for Maintenance

Reasons for Maintenance
To keep performance, reliability and
availability within design limits at minimum
cost.

Processes that affect an aircraft

Deterioration with age examples are
fatigue, wear and corrosion.
Chance failure examples are tyre burst,
excess structural loads.

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Aerospace
Engineering

Some Terminology
Availability
Reliability
Maintainability

May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

Reliability & Availability

Reliability the ability of a system or component
to perform its required functions under stated
conditions for a specified period of time.
Availability is the probability that a system will
be able to perform its required function at a
specified instant in time.
Maintainability is the probability that a failed system
can be made operable in a specified period of time
(Kapur and Lamberson, 1977)
May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

Mechanisms of Failure

Some of failure mechanisms in aircraft

and systems equipments :

Material failure
Parameter drift
Leakage
Contamination
Software failure
Electromagnetic Interference
Fraud
May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

Cause of Failure

Common areas linked to causes of

failures:

Design Manufacturing
Maintenance
Purchasing
Operator
Quality system
Data
Sabotage or enemy action
May-13

Sources of Failure

Aerospace
Engineering

Categories illustrate some less obvious potential basic sources of

failure:
Ignorance -a designer, manufacturer, maintainer or operator is
unaware of the risk in the decision he is making or the activity he is
undertaking.
Lack of data -a sub-category of ignorance but one over which the
maintenance system has some control.
Negligence (Clause)-While the individual or organisation is aware of
the correct action, this is not carried through. Errors can be made
through inattention. The extreme case is wilful negligence which
may be chargeable as criminal negligence.

Poor planning -lack of adequate planning can trigger a chain of

circumstances leading to a system failure
Sabotage or enemy action (bad Action)-where deliberate hostile
action is involved.

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Aerospace
Engineering

FORM OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

Consist of;

1.

Corrective Maintenance: CM
(Breakdown Maintenance Run to Failure)

2.

Preventive Maintenance: PM

(Planned maintenance Calendar-based maintenance

Historical maintenance)


3.

Predictive Maintenance
(Condition-based maintenance: CBM)

4.

Proactive Maintenance
(Design out Maintenance Precision Maintenance)

May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

FORM OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

1. Corrective Maintenance: CM (Breakdown Maintenance
Run to Failure) -

Corrective Maintenance: CM ( )

2. Preventive Maintenance: PM ((Planned maintenance

Calendar-based maintenance Historical maintenance)

Preventive Maintenance: PM (
)

(interval)

May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

FORM OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

3. Predictive Maintenance (Condition-based maintenance:
CBM) -
Predictive Maintenance ()

(vibration)
(Ultrasonic, boroscope and etc.)


(Oil Analysis)

May-13

Aerospace
Engineering

FORM OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE

4. Proactive Maintenance (Design out Maintenance
Precision Maintenance) -
)
Proactive Maintenance (

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Aerospace
Engineering

Needs of Aviation Maintenance

1. Safety
Continued of Airworthiness, Regulation, Cost of
Accident, Company Reputation, etc

2. Availability
Cost of delay, Cost of cancel, Company
Reputation (Company name), etc

3. Economic
Profit, Stock, Bonus, etc

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Aerospace
Engineering

Availability
Availability measure by Dispatch Reliability (DR)
Difference between time of departure reals
and programs
If difference > 15 min

Delay

Punctuality reflect to

Performances of Companies
Performances of Airports

Performances of Aircrafts
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Airlines Operating Cost

Aerospace
Engineering

LCC (Life Cycle Cost) : Total operating

cost over the life of the aircraft or engine
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Airlines Operating Cost

Aerospace
Engineering

TOC (Total Operating Cost) which

sometimes called cost of ownership) [TOC
= DOC + IOC]
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Airlines Operating Cost

Aerospace
Engineering

IOC (Indirect Operating Cost) : Other costs beyond

DOC such as Marketing, Passenger services, Aircraft
handling and Administration
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Airlines Operating Cost

Aerospace
Engineering

DOC = DMC + IMC + Fuel + Landing and navigation

fees + Flight crew expenses + Insurance
depreciation + Financing of aircraft and spares
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Airlines Operating Cost

Aerospace
Engineering

DMC (Direct Maintenance Cost) : Productive labour and material consumed to

maintain the aircraft
IMC (Indirect Maintenance Cost) : Other costs attributed to maintenance such as
administration, engineering, training, supervision, amortisation of tools and
facilities

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Aerospace
Engineering

Maintenance Cost : DMC vs

IMC

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Aerospace
Engineering

Typical A320 DMC Breakdown

Split in Operation

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Aerospace
Engineering

A330/A340 Direct Maintenance Cost (DMC)

Split in Component

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