12.1 APPENDIX XII. TRANSFORMER CONNECTION SYMMETRICAL COMPONENT NETWORKS 12.

1 Transformer Configuration Impedance Network Diagrams

a:1 a:1 a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

LV

HV

LV

HV High
3ZG 3ZG

LV Low

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 1 Wye-Grounded.Wye-Grounded Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

a:1 a:1 a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

HV

LV

HV
3ZG

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 2:

Wye GroundedWye Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

a:1

a:1

a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

LV

HV

LV

HV

LV

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence

Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 3: WyeWye Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

30o : 1

-30o : 1

a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

LV

HV

LV

HV High
3ZG

LV

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 4: Wye-GroundedDelta Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

30o : 1

-30o : 1

a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

LV

HV

LV HV
3ZG

LV Low

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 5: DeltaWye-Grounded Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

30o : 1

-30o : 1

a:1

ZT

ZT

ZT

HV

LV

HV

LV HV

LV

Positive-Sequence

Negative-Sequence

Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 6: DeltaWye Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

a:1
ZT

a:1
ZT

a:1
ZT

HV

LV

HV

L V Negative-Sequence

HV

LV

Positive-Sequence

Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 7: Delta-Delta Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

aH : aM

aH : aL

HV

LV

LV HV

ZHT

ZMT

ZLT

MV

LV

Positive-Sequence
aH : aM aH : aL

ZHT

ZMT

ZLT

HV

MV

LV

Negative-Sequence
aH : aM aH : aL

ZHT

ZMT

ZLT

HV
3ZHG 3ZMG

MV

LV

Zero-Sequence

Figure XII. 8: Wye-GroundedWye-GroundedDelta Tertiary Transformer Sequence Impedance Networks

12.2

Two-Source Faulted Networks Symmetrical Component Impedance Network Diagrams Single-Line-to-Ground Faults

12.2.1

VSA
ESA

ISA

IRA V RA IF | Zs Zm Zm| (1-m) * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs| IRB V RB ZR

ERB ERA

RF ZS VSB | Zs Zm Zm| m * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs| ISB

ESB

VSC
ESC

ISC

IRC

VRC

ERC

Figure XII. 9: Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Three-Line Diagram

Es
Z1s

V1S
m*ZL1

V1F
(1-m)*ZL1 Z1r

Er

V2S
Z2s

I2S
m*ZL1

V2F

I2S
(1-m)*ZL1 Z2r

Rs

I1F= I2F= I0F

V0S
Z0s

I0S
m*ZL0

V0F
(1-m)*ZL0 3RF Z0r

Rs

Figure XII. 10: Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Symmetrical Component Diagram

12.2.2 Line-to-Line Faults

VSA
ESA

ISA

IRA V RA
ERA

| Zs Zm Zm| m * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ESB

ZR
ERB

ZS

VSB

RF

VSC
ESC

| Zs Zm Zm| (1-m) * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ISB

IRB V RB

ISC

IRC

VRC

ERC

Figure XII. 11: Line-to-Line Fault Three-Line Diagram

Es
Z1s

V1S
m*ZL1

V1F
(1-m)*ZL1 Z1r

Er

+
RF

Rs IA1 = -IA2 V2S

Z2s

I2S
m*ZL1

V2F

I2S
(1-m)*ZL1 Z2r

Rs

V0S
Z0s

I0S
m*ZL0

V0F
(1-m)*ZL0 Z0r

Rs

Figure XII. 12: Line-to-Line Fault Symmetrical Component Diagram

12.2.3 Line-to-Line-to-Ground Faults

VSA
ESA

ISA

IRA V RA
ERA

| Zs Zm Zm| m * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ESB

ZR
ERB

ZS

VSB

RF

VSC
ESC

| Zs Zm Zm| (1-m) * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ISB

IRB V RB

RF ISC RG 3I0

IRC

VRC

ERC

Figure XII. 13: Line-to-Line-to-Ground Fault Three-Line Diagram

Es
Z1s

V1S
m*ZL1

V1F
(1-m)*ZL1 RF Z1r

Er

Rs

V2S
Z2s

I2S
m*ZL1

V2F

I2S
(1-m)*ZL1 RF Z2r

Rs

V0S
Z0s

I0S
m*ZL0

V0F
(1-m)*ZL0 RF+3 RG Z0r

Rs

Figure XII. 14: Line-to-Line-to-Ground Fault Symmetrical Component Diagram

12.2.4 Three-Line-to-Ground Faults

VSA
ESA

ISA

IRA V RA
ERA

| Zs Zm Zm| m * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ESB

ZR
ERB

ZS

VSB

RF

VSC
ESC

| Zs Zm Zm| (1-m) * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ISB

RF

IRB V RB

ISC RG

RF 3I0

IRC

VRC

ERC

Figure XII. 15: Three-Line-to-Ground Fault Three-Line Diagram

Es
Z1s

V1S
m*ZL1

V1F
(1-m)*ZL1 RF Z1r

Er

Rs

V2S
Z2s

I2S
m*ZL1

V2F

I2S
(1-m)*ZL1 RF Z2r

Rs

V0S
Z0s

I0S
m*ZL0

V0F
(1-m)*ZL0 RF+3 RG Z0r

Rs

Figure XII. 16: Three-Line-to-Ground Fault Symmetrical Component Diagram

12.2.5 Single-Line Open

VSA
ESA

ISA

IRA V RA
ERA

| Zs Zm Zm| m * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ESB

ZR
ERB

ZS

VSB

VSC
ESC

| Zs Zm Zm| (1-m) * | Zm Zs Zm| | Zm Zm Zs|

ISB

IRB V RB

ISC

IRC

VRC

ERC

Figure XII. 17: Single-Line Open Three-Line Diagram

Es
Z1s

V1S

I1S
m*ZL1

I1R
(1-m)*ZL1 Z1r

Er

Rs

Rr

V2S
Z2s

I2S
m*ZL1

I2R
(1-m)*ZL1 Z2r

Rs

Rr

V0S
Z0s

I0S
m*ZL0

I0R
(1-m)*ZL0 Z0r

Rs

Rr

Figure XII. 18: Single-Line Open Symmetrical Component Diagram