BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR

por Michael T. Hamerly

IN TRODU CCION The last bibliographic guide to Ecuadorian historiography was published in 1978 (entry 150). Since then a veritable explosion of library materials on the history of Ecuador has occurred. Literally thousands of new books, articles, and doctoral dissertations in the Humanities and Social Sciences, relating to the past of Ecuador in one way or another, have appeared and continue to appear. Yet coverage of these materials in specialized as well as in standard abstracts, bibliographies, and indexes has been less than satisfactory. In this regard it cannot be overemphasized that Ecuador is one of those countries for and in which bibliographic control had yet to be achieved as of the late 1990s, and, I suspect, still remains to be achieved. Concurrent with the explosion of publications has been the internationalization of Ecuadorian studies. Although there had always been some interest in Ecuador elsewhere in the world, there did not used to be more than a few Ecuadorianists. The relative neglect of Ecuadorian studies outside of Ecuador, however, began to be rectified in the 1970s. By the 1990s, there were dozens of professionally trained scholars, in the Humanities and Social Sciences, in the United States and Canada, in France, Germany, Great Britain, Spain, elsewhere in Europe, and in other Latin American countries, actively engaged in research and publishing on a wide variety of topics having to do with Ecuador. The explosion of interest in Ecuador elsewhere in the world has contributed to the increase in the quality as well as to the quantity of work being done on the country. The internationalization of Ecuadorian studies is not without its downside, however. On the one hand, some of the work being done appears in little known or obscure venues. On the other, some of the publications in question never appear in other languages or are not translated and republished in Spanishthe one language we should all have in commonuntil years, sometimes decades, later. Therefore it has become increasingly more difficult to stay abreast of the literature, and it has long since become necessary for Ecuadorianists to cope with materials in several languagesat least English, French, and German in addition to Spanishin order to remain current in their respective fields. Heretofore there were only two comprehensive attempts to register historical production on Ecuador from pre-Hispanic times through the present: Carlos Manuel Larreas Bibliografa ii

cientfica del Ecuador (Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 19481953, 5 v. [entry 110]; 2 ed.: Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1952, 5 v. in 1 [entry 111]); and Robert E. Norriss Gua bibliogrfica para el estudio de la historia ecuatoriana (Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1978 [entry 150]). Both were pioneering works. Larreas Bibliografa cientfica was the first comprehensive register of ecuatoriana, not just of Ecuadorian historiography. Furthermore, it was also the most comprehensive bibliography of ecuatoriana until 1989, when it began to be supplanted but not altogether superseded by the Diccionario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano (entry 26). The 1 ed. of Larreas Bibliografa cientfica listed 8,732 books and articles in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Sciences published through 1946. The 2 ed. added 568 items, raising the total to 9,300, and advanced coverage through 1949. Discipline specific, Norriss Gua bibliogrfica updated and surpassed Larreas Bibliografa cientfica insofar as historical materials per se are concerned. Norris described 3,577 books, pamphlets, articles, theses, and miscellaneous manuscripts, including some older works that did not appear in Larreas Bibliografa cientfica. Norris also annotated some entries and added author and subject indexes, making his Gua bibliogrfica more useful and easier to use than Larreas Bibliografa cientfica. Although they will never be out-of-date, Larreas Bibliografa cientfica and Norriss Gua bibliogrfica inevitably became dated. They also suffer from errors of omission and commission. As already noted, Larreas Bibliografa cientfica stops with 1946 or 1949 imprints, depending upon the edition consulted. (Even though Larrea began to publish a 3 ed. [entry 112], the new edition was limited to anthropological, archaeological, and linguistic materials.) The major problems with Larreas Bibliografa cientfica are: he did not record publishers or printers; and in the case of books, he did not always specify the number of pagesoversights he rectified to some extent in the 3 ed. Furthermore, Larrea did not index his work. Nonetheless, his bare bones entries appear to be correct for the most part. Norriss Gua bibliogrfica advanced coverage of historical and related publications through the mid 1970she did not specify a cutoff yearbut Norris violated one of the basic canons of research. Apparently he relied extensively on secondhand records, the specifics of which he iii

does not seem to have checked against the actual publications. I do not know how else Norris could have made so many mistakes. He misattributed authorship in some cases; he garbled some titles; and in far too many instances, he failed to give complete publication data or pagination, especially in the case of articles. Furthermore, Norris included some manuscripts, without specifying where they may be seen, and some imprints that have nothing whatsoever to do with Ecuador but with Equatorial Africa. It is important to note, however, that Larrea and Norris did not have at their disposal the bibliographic tools that subsequently came into existence, especially computerized databases. Moreover, there is nothing wrong with the scissors-and-paste approach to the compilation of a working bibliography. The different disciplines disagree as to how to cite, however, and what to include in a citation. Furthermore, even the most punctilious scholars and librarians make mistakes. Therefore, it behooves bibliographers to verify citations and catalog records against the particulars of the actual publications, if at all possible. Not to do so is to run the risk of perpetuating not just cryptic but erroneous citations. I too have relied on the work of others, especially on Larrea and Norris, but I have endeavored to check every brief or suspect record against either the actual book, article, or dissertation, or against as many other, discrete records of the work in question as needed to flesh out or correct descriptions and to assign descriptors. In brief, I have tried to lay to rest as many phantoms of opus as possible without creating any new ones. Inevitably, therefore, several hundred references, including some that correspond to important works, have had to be excluded. Two examples of what is meant by bibliographic ghosts are: German Colmenaress Fundamentos econmicos y sociales de una diferenciacin nacional: el caso de la hacienda serrana en el Ecuador, 18001810, Historia y espacio: revista de estudios regionales del Departamento de Historia de la Universidad del Valle, 2:6/7 (1980); and John Isaacson, Holguer Jara, and Frank Salomons, T ulipe: centro ceremonial del noroccidente de Pichincha (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986). I have been unable to verify the article by Colmenares. Colmenares himself nowhere refers to it in his 1992 La hacienda en la sierra norte del Ecuador (entry 6115), and it is not referenced in Marco Antonio Pealoza Bretels 1995 La iv

investigacin historiogrfica sobre la hacienda serrana ecuatoriana del s. XIX (entry 270). As for the Isaacson, Jara, and Salomon work, it does exist, but apparently only in manuscript. Notwithstanding the reference to T ulipe in various monographs, Salomon himself assured me that the book in question was not published. Undoubtedly that it is why it did not show up in any online public access catalog or in the Banco Central del Ecuadors catalog of its own publications. (Salomons contribution to T ulipe, however, was finally published as a separate in 1997 by Abya-Yalanot by the Banco Centralas: Los Yumbos, N iguas y T satchila o Colorados durante la colonia espaola: etnohistoria del noroccidente de Pichincha, Ecuador [131 p.].) Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador lists more than 8,814 books (including compendia of sources), articles in periodicals or in anthologies, and doctoral dissertations that have been published or are available through University Microfilms International. The reason for fudging as to the actual number of items included is because some entries correspond to several versions of the same work or to entries with analytics. Some entries, for example, describe the latest edition or reprint of a particular work with as many of the bibliographic particulars of earlier editions or of the original version that I was able to ascertain and considered important enough to detail in a note. Furthermore, I could not resist the temptation to add some titles in the introductory remarks to the various sections that comprise this bibliography. I also plead guilty to having included references to yet other works in some notes, sometimes by the same author(s), sometimes by another author or other authors, that I was unable to list separately, at least not without having to engage in extensive re-enumeration. Generally speaking, the cutoff date of publication for inclusion in this bibliography is December, 1995. Nonetheless, some 1996 and 1997 imprints appear here, the database not having been closed until July 1997. I have been more liberal than Norris in coverage, but less encompassing than Larrea. Whereas Norris gave short shrift to the pre-conquest period, I consider that which may be called the pre-Hispanic period as important as any other and treat it accordingly. The past after all does not begin with the written word. On the other hand, only those Science publications and doctoral dissertations that have to do with the history of scientific expeditions to Ecuador or with the history of scientific developments and events in Ecuador have been included. In other words, unlike Larrea, I have excluded most works relating v

to the natural history of Ecuador. Basic or corein the Library Science sense of the wordpublications on climate, flora and fauna, and geology, however, have been included. Many works that are not readily available in Ecuador or elsewhere in Latin America appear here. By the same token many works that are not generally available, if at all, in North America or European libraries are also described. But the lack of access to any given work has nothing whatsoever to do with its importance. Every book or article that appeared to me to be significant has been listed regardless of its availability or, for that matter, the language in which it appears, or its age, provided I was able to verify its bibliographic particulars and to ascertain the gist of its contents. However, only doctoral dissertations that are readily available are included. At the same time, I have included some works that are not important and never were in an effort to provide as complete a historical bibliography of Ecuador as possible. In a bibliography of this magnitude it is inevitable that some anomalies should have crept in. I hope that I caught them all and send them on their way, but I cannot be certain. Be that as it may, entries 2384, 3380, 3395, 5284, 6295, 6358, 7086, 7136, 7660, and 8304 were eliminated because they turned out to be redundancies or citations whose particulars I could not flesh out. Volume one of Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador opens with Bibliografas (entries 1200), followed by sections on Estudios historiogrficos y relacionados (entries 201297), Ayudas de investigacin (entries 298441), and Revistas (entries 442525). These four sections are complementary, not altogether discrete, and as comprehensive as I could make them in order to facilitate the task of other Ecuadorianists. Bibliografas includes every bibliography of ecuatoriana in the Humanities, Social Sciences, and Natural Sciences for which I was able to find or to establish a satisfactory description. Estudios historiogrficos includes materials having to do with the study and teaching of the Social Sciences as well as historiographical studies per se. Only a few books and articles on the study and teaching of the Humanities appear because there do not seem to be more than a handful. Apparently this is because the Humanities, with the notable exception of Literature, did not attract nearly as much attention in Ecuador as History and the Social Sciences during the closing decades of the twentieth century. Ayudas de investigacin consists primarily of guides to and studies of archives, libraries, vi

museums, and private collections in Ecuador and repositories located elsewhere in the world that have materials on Ecuador. The Revistas section lists every historical and related periodical for which I have been able to find or establish an acceptable bibliographic description (that is to say, a description that includes enumeration, place of publication, and dates of issuance and publication). N.B. With one or two exceptions, serials that are primarily bibliographic or statistical in coverage, however, are entered under Bibliografas or Estadstica. Works having to do with Ecuador in general or with the history of Ecuador at large are described next, under Historia: obras generales y miscelneas (entries 526658), followed by works on the Perodo prehispnico (entries 6591305). Perodo prehispnico lists studies having to do with the archaeology, physical anthropology, and ethnohistory of Ecuador prior to the Spanish conquest. This section also includes some works on the prehistory of the country or its component regions. Inevitably the ethnohistorical studies listed in this section also examine the Spanish conquest and the early colonial period to some extent and therefore will be of interest to students of the Perodo hispnico too. Appropriate subject headings such as Ecuador Historia Conquista espaola and Ecuador Historia Siglo XVI will guide those readers who do not wish to plow through the Perodo prehispnico section to the pertinent books, articles, and dissertations. The remainder of volume one is given over to the Perodo hispnico, and the Perodo Nacional. The Perodo hispnico is divided into La conquista espaola y las guerras civiles (entries 13061341) and La colonia (entries 13421545). The section on the Spanish conquest is meager because the conquest of what would become Ecuador has been overshadowed by the conquest of the Tahuantinsuyu at large and because I chose not to include the majority of the general accounts and coeval chronicles inasmuch as several excellent guides thereof and thereto already exist. The Perodo Nacional is divided into La independencia y bajo la Gran Colombia (18091830) (entries 15461897), La Repblica (1830) (entries 18981994), Siglo XIX (18301895) (entries 19952213), and Siglo XX. The Siglo XX is subdivided into 1895 (entries 22142298) 18951960 (entries 22992626) and 1960 (entries 26272973). vii

Works on a particular region, province, city, or town during the colonial period, the nineteenth century, or the twentieth century are listed under Historia regional or Historia urbana in volume two. Works having to do with a particular region, province, city, or town during the independence period, however, are entered under La independencia y bajo la Gran Colombia (18091830) in volume one. This is not altogether logical, but it makes as much sense as the alternative arrangement because the majority of works on the struggle for liberation from Spain and the subsequent separation from Colombia appear to be primarily studies of the independence period and secondarily of a specific region, province, city, or town. Again recourse to the index of subject headings will guide the reader to the relevant works. Another aside is in order at this point. There is no one correct way to arrange a bibliography. By the same token there is no one correct way to determine aboutness1 The most that one can hope to achieve is an arrangement that for the most part will guide scholars and students to the materials they should consult, and an assignation of more or less appropriate subject headings that will lead researchers to the majority, if not to all, of the specific works they seek. In this regard, it should be noted that I initially assigned some works to divisions and subdivisions on the basis of the subject headings proffered by catalogers rather than upon the basis of personal perusal (not always possible), only to discover subsequently that some of the works in question would fit better or in fact belonged elsewhere. But there comes a moment in the life of every bibliography when one must bring it to a halt and launch it in the hopes that its usefulness will outweigh its shortcomings. Volume two opens with biographical and related materials. The great man approach continues to be cultivated by many, perhaps the majority of, Ecuadorian scholars as evidenced by the substantial number of works on protohombres listed under Biografas (29743703). Biographies of women, mostly notable women but also some of women of lesser fame and fortune, however, began to appear in the closing decades of the twentieth century. Volume two continues with Historia de la cultura, Historia de la Iglesia, Historia de la medicina, Historia demogrfica, Historia diplomtica y legal, Historia regional y estudios relacionados, and Regionalismo. Historia de la cultura is divided into Obras generales y miscelneas (entries 37043759), Arte y arquitectura (entries 37604045), Ciencias viii

(entries 40464102), Educacin (entries 41034307), Ideas (entries 43084429), Lenguas y lingstica (entries 44304542), Literatura (entries 45434745), Literatura folklrica y folklore (entries 47464865), and Msica, teatro, radio, y televisin (48664955). Each of these sections includes materials on late-twentieth-century and therefore, at the time of their publication, recent developments, events, and persons. Historia de la Iglesia consists of two subsections on Historia eclesistica (entries 49565227), and Iglesia y Estado (entries 52285296). Historia eclesistica and Iglesia y Estado consist mostly of historical materials. The next two sections, Historia de la medicina (entries 52975383) and Historia demogrfica (entries 53845436), include only historical studies and published sources. Materials on recent or late twentieth-century health problems and health care appear under Higiene pblica y medicina in volume three, and those having to do with post1949 demographic developments under Poblacin, also in volume three. Historia diplomtica y legal is divided into Legislacin (entries 54375532), Lmites (entries 55335731), and Relaciones exteriores (entries 57325833). I have listed only those studies that are primarily historical in coverage or nature and major compendia of laws and regulations in the Legislacin subsection. Nonetheless, I have included every guide to legislation of which I am aware and for which I was able to establish a satisfactory description in order to facilitate the task of other researchers. Historia regional y estudios relacionados consists of six subsections corresponding to the six macroregions of Ecuador: Galpagos (entries 58345871), Costa norte (entries 58725912), Costa centro-sur (entries 59136067), Sierra centro-norte (entries 60686303), Sierra sur (entries 63046427), and Oriente (entries 64286582). The Costa norte may be thought of as the modern Province of Esmeraldas. The Costa centro-sur consists of the modern Provinces of Manab, Los Ros, Guayas, and the lowlands of El Oro. The Sierra centro-norte corresponds more or less to the modern Provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Tungurahua, Cotopaxi, Chimborazo, and Bolvar, and the Sierra sur to the modern Provinces of Caar, Azuay, and Loja, and the highlands of El Oro. The Sierra centro-norte also included the Gobernacin de Popayn during the colonial period, or what is now southern Colombia, then an integral part of the Audiencia/Presidency of ix

Quito. Similarly the Sierra sur took in Jan de Bracamoros (part of Peru since the independence period) during the colonial period. I have listed only a few key works on sixteenth-, seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and early-nineteenth-century Popayn, Pasto, and Jan and their districts, however, because their histories are usually written as though they always belonged, or should have belonged to modern Colombia and Peru, respectively. The Oriente takes in the modern Provinces of Sucumbios, Napo, Pastaza, Morona-Santiago, and Zamora Chinchipe, and as one goes back in time, those parts of Amazonia ceded to Colombia and taken over by Peru. Volume two closes with the section on Regionalismo. Although regionalism is touched upon to a greater or lesser extent in various works on the colonial and national periods, as of July 1997, there were surprisingly few studies that focus primarily on this topic (entries 65836593). Volume three consists of four sections, Historia urbana y estudios relacionados. Economa y Geografa, Etnografa, and Sociedad, the latter three of which are largely given over to studies of events and developments of the second half of the twentieth century. Nonetheless, Descripciones y viajes, the opening subsection of Economa y Geografa, includes accounts of explorers and travelers from the seventeenth century onward and geographical studies of the nineteenth as well as of the twentieth century. Some materials from the first half of the twentieth century will also be found in the Condiciones econmicas subsection and the Etnografa and Sociedad sections, not that all that many studies of continuing value in the Social Sciences were done prior to the 1960s. The first ethnography of a community based on field work, for example, did not appear until 1945 (item 8103). Historia urbana y estudios relacionados is divided into Obras generales y miscelneas (entries 65946636), Ambato (entries 66376653), Cuenca (entries 66546719), Guayaquil (entries 67206892), Ibarra (entries 68936904), Latacunga (entries 69056908), Loja (entries 69096914), Otavalo (entries 69156925), Quito (entries 69267110), Riobamba (entries 71117124), and Otras ciudades y pueblos (entries 71257181). Even though Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuencain that orderclearly dominate the subdiscipline of urban history, a substantial number of significant studies of other cities and towns are known to exist, not all of which are listed here because I was unable to find copies or establish adequate descriptions thereof. x

Economa y Geografa is divided into Descripciones y viajes (entries 71827473) and Condiciones econmicas (entries 74747931). In general, works on late-twentieth-century economic policies and economic history appear under Historia: Perodo Nacional: Siglo XX: 1960. Deciding what should be included under Historia: Perodo Nacional: Siglo XX: 1960 rather than under Condiciones econmicas was not a simple matter, however, and readers interested in economic developments from the 1960s through the 1990s should consult both subsections. There is a substantial body of ethnographic and related literature on Ecuador, much more in fact than is registered here. The Etnografa section is divided into Obras generales y miscelneas (entries 7932 7966), Litoral, Sierra (entries 79908068), and Oriente (entries 81278144). Although general ethnographical studies of the coast do not seem to exist, at least not as of July 1997, there were several works on the three western lowland groups that have maintained their identity: the Awa / Coaiquer (entries 79677971); Chachipopularly known as Cayapas(entries 7972 7980); and Tsatchilas, or Colorados (entries 79817989). In addition to the general and miscellaneous studies of Indians of the highlands, there is a substantial body of literature on the distinctive groups, specifically on the Caaris (entries 80698087), Otavaleos (entries 80888111), Salasacas (entries 81128115), and Saraguros (entries 81168126). Interestingly enough there appeared to be appreciably more ethnographic studies of Indians of the Upper Amazon Basin, especially of the Achuar and the Shuar (formerly grouped together as Jvaros) than of Indians of the highlands (entries 81278144 for the Oriente at large and 81458302 for specific groups). The agreed upon ,and as of the first half of the 1990s still existing, ethnic groups are the Achuar (entries 81458159), Canelos Quichua (entries 81608177), Cofanes (entries 81788184), Huaoraniformerly known to the outside world as Aucas (entries 81858201), Quijos Quichua (entries 82028205), Shuar (entries 82068291) and Sionas / Secoyas (entries 82928302). Ethnohistorical studies are listed under the appropriate History and Regional History sections or subsections. The Regional History subsections include materials on ethnic groups xi

that no longer exist (e.g., the Omaguas). Unfortunately, upon preparing the subject index, I discovered that I had not been altogether consistent in assignation of ethnohistorical materials. Some therefore appear under the Ethographic section and subsections. My apologies in advance to the reader, but it did not seem worthwhile to delay the appearance of this bibliography simply in order to reshuffle some entries. The Sociedad section is divided into Condiciones sociales (entries 83038398), Estadstica (entries 83998513), Higiene pblica y salud (entries 85148626), Mujer (entries 86278681), and Poblacin (entries 86828814). Volume four consists of the indexes (author, subject, and series) to this work. The indexes have been placed in a separate volume to facilitate consultation and utilization of this bibliography. Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador intentionally takes in much more than historical studies and coeval sources. Yet that is how it should be. In the first place, almost all materials are grist to the historians mill in the fulness of time. In the second place, the lines between History and the Humanities, on the one hand, and between History and the Social Sciences, on the other, are blurred in the Latin American countries. Intellectuals have been crossing the line almost from the beginning of historiography in Ecuador. Pablo Herrera (18201896) and Pedro Moncayo (18071888), for example, were literary critics as well as historians, and more recently novelists and short story writers such as Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco (19081993) and Nelson Estupin Blas (1915) have also written history or what passes for history. Furthermore, the cultivators of the new history in Ecuador have been heavily influenced by the paradigms and ideological baggage of the Social Sciences. This is not surprising. Many of the scholars responsible for much of the late twentieth-century historical production here within described and discussed took their professional training in Anthropology, Economics, Political Science, or Sociologynot in Historyor were trained, at least in part, by Social Scientists. Furthermore, it could be argued that in Ecuador the past as perceived is as much a handmaiden of ideology and politics, as History as it has emerged as a discipline is driven by ideology and politics. But this is not the place to engage in discourse on the strengths or the shortcomings of xii

historiography in Ecuador. What matters here is that almost all, if not all, publications and doctoral dissertations in the Humanities and Social Studies on Ecuador are of interest and, sooner or later, of importance to historians. In closing, it cannot be over emphasized that the historiography of Ecuador, traditional as well as modern, is much more abundant than many Ecuadorianistsincluding myself until I undertook this workrealize.

REPOSITORIES AND RESOURCES Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador is based on nearly four decades of research, more than seven years of which were spent in Ecuador itself. Over the years I have consulted many, but hardly all, libraries, several private collections, and several dozen archives and museums in the two primary cities of Quito and Guayaquil and in the most important of the secondary cities, Cuenca. I first set foot in Ecuador in 1962. My initial interest in that country might never have born fruit, however, if I had not met and been captivated by the guayaquilea who became and remains my spouse. (Fui, vi, y fui vencido.) Because I made a promise to Carmen Victoria Flores de Hamerly to take her home as often as possible and because I continue to be intrigued by Ecuador, we have returned time and time againmost recently in July 1997 insofar as this bibliography is concernedinitially in search of material for my doctoral dissertation (entry 5975) and subsequently to undertake research on other topics. I also undertook research for this and other work on Ecuador in libraries and other depositories in the United States (at libraries of the University of Washington, the University of Florida, Duke University, the University of Northern Colorado, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Guam, Brown University, the University of Massachusetts, and at the Library of Congress, the Academy of American Franciscan History, the National Archives, Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, and the John Carter Brown Library) and at one time or another in various archives, libraries, and museums in Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Israel, Spain, Nicaragua, and El Salvador. This bibliography would be far less substantial, however, were it not for the CD-ROM and hard copy versions of the Handbook of Latin xiii

A merican Studies (Madrid: Ediciones Mapfre, 1995; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 19361951; Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 19511978; Austin: University of Texas Press, 1980), the N ational Union Catalogindispensable for completing and verifying citations of older materialsand for the increasing number of online public access catalogs (opacs) available through Telnet. I relied primarily on MELVYL and UTCAT and secondarily on SABIO and TOME. MELVYL is the more-or-less integrated online catalog or system of the libraries of the Universities of California and the California State Library. UTCAT is the online catalog or system of the University of Texas at Austin. SABIO and TOME are the online catalogs or systems of the University of Arizona and the University of New Mexico, respectively. MELVYL and UTCAT were searched systematically (i.e., by authors, titles, subjects, and series). SABIO and TOME were spot checked to flesh out incomplete records and to verify dubious citations not found in MELVYL or UTCAT, sometimes successfully, sometimes in vain. (N.B. I ended up limiting systematic research to Western opacs because accessing Eastern opacs proved to be problematic, given the difference in time between Guam and the eastern half of the United States and the amount of traffic on those systems. More often than not I could not get into Eastern opacs, and when I did manage to connect, I would be bumped sooner or later during the search session.) As of May 9, 1996, the MELVYL system contained 5,628 not necessarily discrete records of ecuatoriana. On that same day, there were 7,023 not necessarily discrete records relating to Ecuador in the UTCAT system. The libraries of the University of Arizona and of the University of New Mexico also have substantial holdings of ecuatoriana. Again as of May 9, 1996, a subject search of SABIO yielded 2,022 subjects, with 4,047 entries beginning with or containing the descriptor Ecuador, and a subject search of TOME, 2,316 subjects, with 5,063 entries beginning with or containing the descriptor Ecuador. (There is nothing significant about May 9, 1996; it just happens to have been the day it occurred to me to go online to obtain these statistics.) Because many works have several subject headings and inasmuch as some records are redundant because of discrepancies in description, the actual numbers of discrete records of ecuatoriana in MELVYL, UTCAT, SABIO, and TOME are somewhat less than the xiv

above figures seem to indicate. Ideally OCLC, or the Online Computer Library Center, should also have been culled for additional records and to complete and verify records that I had to set aside. But access to this bibliographic utility was not available to me in Guam, where I was an Associate Professor/Professor of Library Science between 1988 and 1998. In this regard, it should also be noted that the World Wide Web has augmented and continues to augment the number and availability of databases, another development, however, that occurred too late for purposes of this work. Nonetheless, I am reasonably certain that I have seen one or more records of almost all books published in Ecuador, elsewhere in Latin America, the United States, and Europe on the history of Ecuador and related topics, as of December 1995. I have also seen many of the actual works themselves. But at the same time it should be noted that some important works have eluded me. In this regard, it should be noted that there are a number of official publications, particularly messages of heads of state and compendia of documents pertaining to their terms in office, that should have been included. But we remain very much in the dark when it comes to official publications of Ecuador, records of which continue to be woefully inadequate. The most recent guide, at least as of July 1997, to this countrys monographic government documents, although still useful, appeared as long ago as 1947 (entry 148). Furthermore, records of other government publications, at least of the Latin American countries, in the N ational Union Catalog and in the opacs of the United States tend to be sketchy and more often than not, unreliable. Turning to articles, in addition to the Handbook of Latin A merican Studies, I also worked my way systematically through the hard copy versions of: 1) Pooles Index to Periodical Literature, rev. ed. (6 v. in 7; Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1963) for the years 18021906; and 2) the title variant International Index to Periodicals / International Index: a Guide to Periodical Literature in the Social Sciences and Humanities / Social Sciences & Humanities Index (27 v.; New York: Wilson, 19071974), and its offspring Humanities Index (New York: Wilson, 1975) and Social Science Index (New York: Wilson, 1975), for the years 19071995. I also consulted: 3) the CDROM version of MLA International Bibliography; and the hard copy versions of: 4) A bstracts in xv

A nthropology (Farmingdale, New York: Baywood, 1970); 5) HA PI, Hispanic A merican Periodicals Index, vol. 1, 1970/1974 (Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center Publications, 1975); 6) Historical A bstracts (Santa Barbara: ABC Clio, 1955); 7) Public A ffairs International Service Bulletin, but only for the years 19681990 (New York: Public Affairs Information Service, 19681990); and its successor (8), PA IS International in Print (New York: Public Affairs Information Service, 1991); 9) Benito Snchez Alonso, Fuentes de la historia espaola e hispanoamericana, 3 ed., corr. y puesta al da (3 v.; Madrid: Publicaciones de la Revista de Filologa Espaola, 1952); and Snchez Alonsos successor (10), Historiografa y bibliografa americanista, which has had a confusing history.2 Therefore it is probable that I have seen records of almost every North American and European article in a book or periodical in the Humanities and the Social Sciences published on Ecuador through December 1995, and in the majority of cases the actual texts thereof. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said of every Latin American article in a book or periodical published on Ecuador through December 1995, inasmuch as not all Latin American anthologies and periodicals are abstracted or indexed. Of course over the years I have worked my way through runs of many Ecuadorian periodicals and anthologies in the Humanities and the Social Sciences, but I was unable to lay hands on some serials known to contain historical studies or all issues of those serials I was able to consult. In this regard, permit me to quote Bernard Lavall: Por supuesto, la ambicin de todo trabajo de este tipo es la de ser lo ms completo posible. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, no dej de acompaarnos el convencimiento ntimo de que la meta propuesta, la exhaustividad, no era sino ilusoria y que al final no faltarn algunos trabajos que, desgraciadamente, hayan escapado de nuestra vigilancia.3 And to add that I have already begun to prepare a supplement to Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador not only to maintain it as current as possible, but also to add pre1996 publications of significance that I was unable to include in this work. Insofar as doctoral dissertations are concerned, in addition to the professional literature itself and the above mentioned indexes and abstracts, I relied on the still useful, but regrettably discontinued, bibliographies put out some years ago by University Microfilms International: 1) xvi

Latin A merica and the Caribbean: A Dissertation Bibliography, edited by Carl W. Deal (1977); 2) Latin A merica and the Caribbean II: A Dissertation Bibliography, Marian C. Walters, editor (1980); and 3) Latin A merica: A Catalog of Current Doctoral Dissertation Research (1983). Unfortunately, the bibliographic descriptions, especially the collation statements, in UMI products are not AACR2 compatible in every respect. But I had to accept the data as given in some instances because I was unable to reconcile the differences in every case. Again it must be remembered that I did not have access to OCLC.4 Doctoral dissertations available only from their authors have not been included, given the difficulty in obtaining copies thereof. Unpublished licentiate or masters degree theses were also excluded, not out of any sense of snobbery, but because bibliographic control of theses as opposed to dissertations is still in the process of being established, and because I had already embarked on an ambitious enough task.

A MATTER OF STYLE In preparing this work, I have been guided by the principles of bibliographic description laid down in: A nglo-A merican Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed., 1988 rev. (Chicago: American Library Association; Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Library Association Publishing Limited, 1988); Joseph Gibaldi, MLA Handbook for W riters of Research Papers, 4th ed., (New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1995);and T he Chicago Manual of Style, 14th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), and therefore also in Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for W riters of T erm Papers, T heses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., revised by John Grossman and Alice Bennett (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996). Not wholly satisfied with any of the existing norms for bibliographic description, however, I decided to devise my own: a hybrid, as it were, of the formats worked out by advocates of International Standard Bibliographic Description, the editors of the Handbook of Latin A merican Studies, and some historians. Although sui generis, the documentation system I employ is a variant of the Humanities style (not of the author-date system). N.B. Although Bibliografa histrica del Ecuador is AACR 2r compatible, I did not adopt the A nglo-A merican Cataloging Rules format in whole nor accept AACR 2r records blindly for three xvii

reasons. In the first place, I saw no point in including statements of responsibility in the case of works produced by one, two, or three authors. In the second place, AACR 2r is not always user friendly. And in the third place, I felt and still feel it absurd to be bound by the errors of omission and comission, especially those relating to main entry and name authority, in AACR 2 and 2r records. CITATION N U MBER: Each entry has been assigned a unique citation number, beginning with 1 . The citations numbers are given in boldface. Numbers combined with letters have also been used for the purpose of keeping together series that constitute specific sets (e.g., the seven volume set on the restoration of the Iglesia y Convento Mayor de Santo Domingo [entries 3989 and 3989a3989g] or the Libros de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito [entries 7066 and 7066a7066l]). ORTHOGRAPHY: Diacritics have been respected. So too have the peculiarities of spelling. The bibliographic particulars of works in European languages employing Roman alphabets (including East European variants) have been transcribed as they appear. Statements of responsibility, place of publication, and series statements, therefore, are given in the language of the work, and as they usually appear in modern catalog records. Entries in Russian and therefore in Cyrillic, however, have been transliterated. Apparently there are no works, at least no original works, in Greek, Turkish, Hebrew, or Arabic on the history of Ecuador. Glottal stops in American Indian languages have been transcribed as apostrophes (i.e., by the symbol ). N AME OF AU THOR: Names are given in library catalog or inverted order (i.e., family name[s], given name[s]). To have listed names in normal order (i.e., given name[s] followed by family name[s]), as observed by the American Historical Association in the 3rd ed. of its Guide to Historical Literature (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995; 2 v.), would be cavalier inasmuch as not everyone can be expected to know which is which, especially in the case of compound names. Forms of names known to be preferred by individual authors and editors have been respected for the most part. Fuller or more distinctive forms of names, however, have been employed when needed to distinguish between one author and another. Cross references from unused forms are given in the Indice de autores. Ecuadorian and therefore Spanish usage has been preferred. Hence a work by Carlos de la xviii

Torre Reyes, for example, is entered under De la Torre Reyes, Carlos, not Torre Reyes, Carlos de la. For name authority I have relied heavily on the cumulative author (corporate body as well as personal) index to Bibliografa retrospectiva ecuatoriana e ndice acumulativo 19781985 (entry 20), and on the good offices of my friend and fellow bibliographer Dr. Miguel Daz Cueva, who has been sharing his in-depth knowledge of ecuatoriana with me for more than thirty years. DATES OF AU THOR: Dates of authors are given in the Indice de autores whenever I have been able to ascertain them. The sources do not always agree as to the years of birth or death for every author. In cases of discrepancy, the usually agreed-upon year(s) or the year(s) Daz Cueva assures me to be correct have been preferred. ATTRIBU TION OF AU THORSHIP: Anonymous works are entered under title. Works published under a pseudonym are entered under the authors real name, when known. Linkage is given in the Indice de autores. It has not been possible, however, to ascertain the identity of every author who published under a pseudonym. I do not know, for example, who the Jorge Juan was who wrote on the first fall of Velasco Ibarra and the early days of the Pez dictatorship (entry 2471). Similarly, it has not been possible to establish fuller forms of names of all authors who have the same first and last names in order to distinguish between them. Even middle initials are not always distinctive. To wit, there are two Eduardo N. Martnez: Eduardo Nalo Martnez and Eduardo Neptal Martnez. WORKS BY THE SAME AU THOR: In a succession of works by the same author or authors, the name of the author or names of the authors are given for each entry. Employment of spaces or hyphens in lieu of names does not work well in a lengthy bibliography. To require the reader to scan backward or upward in order to determine authorship of an entry is to impose an unnecessary burden simply for the sake of adherence to style. MAIN EN TRY: Scholars and librarians, including academic librarians, disagree as to principles of primacy. Therefore a digression regarding main entry is in order. Works authored by one person are entered under that persons name in inverted order. Works authored by two or three persons are entered under the first person named under that persons name in inverted order and under the second person or the second and third persons named in normal order, separated by semicolons. I decided to employ semicolons rather than commas to separate xix

authors because even native Spanish speakers sometimes confuse given and family names. No less an authority than the Instituto Bibliogrfico Hispnico, for example, has mistaken Jorge Juan Santacilia and Antonio de Ulloa de la Torre-Giral as brothers, simply because that Jorge Juan did not use his matronymic. Works authored by four or more persons are usually entered under the works title. Books authored by four or more persons, therefore, are entered under title except for conference proceedings, of which more in a moment. Articles authored by four or more persons are always entered under title. Works issued by corporate bodies are also entered under title unless: 1) the work deals with the corporate body itself or the corporate bodies involved; 2) the work is a law or regulation; 3) the work is an official pronouncement of a corporate body; or 4) it is a work of a collective nature reporting activities of conferences, expeditions, or events that can be defined as corporate bodies. The rule of four or more applies to corporate bodies too. Also when I lacked sufficient information to establish the responsible corporate body or was in doubt as to whether the main entry should be under corporate body or title, entry under title was preferred. (For a more complete discussion of the principles of main entry, see chap. 21 of the A ngloA merican Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed., 1988 rev.) Conference and congress (including symposium) proceedings are entered under the established name of the conference, congress, or symposium. Partial or session-specific proceedings, however, are entered under the title of the corresponding publication, as are conference and congress (including symposium) proceedings for which sufficient data are lacking to establish the conference, congress, or symposiums name. STATEMEN T OF RESPON SIBILITY: Inevitably, therefore, some statements of responsibility have had to be included. Four or more authors are reduced to the first individual or entity named, followed by the standard et al. within square brackets. Editor and translator statements are usually transcribed literally, but superfluous information such as titles and institutional affiliation have been omitted unless inclusion is needed for reasons of grammar. Also some serial titles, especially generic titles such as Memoria or Revista, require linkage with their corresponding institutions. So too do such generic series titles as Working papers. Therefore, statements of responsibility have been added to serial and series titles on a need basis xx

(see, for example, entries 496501), but instead of the space, solidus, space (i.e., / ) of catalogers, a comma followed by a space between title and statement of responsibility has been employed. TITLE OF WORK CITED : Titles of articles, books, and dissertations are almost always given in full. Only a few exceptionally long titles have been truncated. Titles of books and serials are italicized. Titles of articles appear between quotation marks. Titles of unpublished dissertations are neither italicized nor set off by quotation marks. EDITION : The edition of the work cited follows the title or the statement of responsibility in the case of a title main entry article or book, separated from the former or the latter by a comma. SERIAL TITLE: Serial titles are given in full and italicized. PU BLICATION DATA : The volume or issue number, or both, are given for the serial in which an article appears, followed by the year of publication within parentheses. Whenever ascertainable, the corresponding month or season of publication is given too. The place of publication, the name of the publisher, and the year(s) of publication are given for books regardless of when they were published. In a few instances of pre1900 imprints, the publisher has not been specified because it was not possible to ascertain this datum, not because some style manuals permit the exclusion of imprint data for pre-twentieth-century publications. Who published or printed a work prior to 1900 is just as important as who published or printed a work after 1899, at least to bibliographers. Angle brackets (i.e., the symbols < and >) are employed to designate temporary data in the case of what were or appear to have been ongoing but not yet complete publications at the time this bibliography was compiled. Every effort, however, has been made to close older records in the case of completed sets, records that no doubt will continue to appear as ongoing in far too many library catalogs. PAGE N U MBERS: Inclusive page numbers for an article in a serial or a chapter in a book are given after the date of publication in the case of an article in a serial and following the publication data in the case of an article or chapter in a book. The number of pages in books (i.e., separately printed monographs) and the number of volumes in multi-volume works are also xxi

given. SERIES TITLES: Series titles have been kept to a minimum and are enclosed within parentheses at the end of the bibliographic description. Associated institutions have been added when needed to distinguish between generic titles. AN ALYTICS: Authors and titles of specific contributions to anthologies and to conference or congress proceedings are given together with page numbers, when known, in contents or partial contents notes. Sometimes, however, author-specific entries are listed separately. Of course this is to be stylistically or format inconsistent, but again the niceties of style have been sacrificed in order to provide users with appropriate entries. Some contributions just seem to belong together whereas others appear to warrant separate attention. That may not be logical, but then there is little or no consistency in the world of bibliography, merely agreed upon but not necessarily adhered to conventions. ALPHABETICAL ORDER: Word-by-word file order has been observed. Single word family names precede multiple word family names. Word spacing and punctuation have been taken into account. Initial articles are respected whenever they constitute an integral part of a personal name or of a place name (i.e., El Oro, La Paz, Los Ros, etc.). Insofar as initial letter is concerned, traditional Spanish alphabetical order has been observed. Names, titles, subject headings, and series beginning with Ch, Ll, or follow names, titles, subject headings, and series beginning with C, L, or N. Works entered under a jurisdiction as a corporate body (e.g., Cuenca) are listed before works entered under a title or titles beginning with the same word as the name of a place (e.g., Cuenca). IN DEXES: Entries are indexed by author, subject, and series. SU BJECT HEADIN GS: Modified Library of Congress subject headings have been employed. The primary differences between orthodox Library of Congress subject headings and my version thereof are: 1) a chronology somewhat different from what the Library of Congress employs has been adopted, one more in keeping with how contemporary Ecuadorian scholars view the watersheds in their past. Also I am more inclined to resort to chronological breakdown by century rather than by such macro periods as To 1809. 2) I have employed the subject headings Economic history and Social history, broken down by century(ies), rather than xxii

Economic conditions and Social conditions whenever appropriate. 3) Towns and villages are identified by province inasmuch as not everyone can be expected to know, for example, that Pucar is a small campesino community in southwestern Azuay. 4) Indgenas del Ecuador instead of Indios de la Amrica del Sur Ecuador, has been used. Furthermore, ethnic designates currently in use in Ecuador such as Shuar or Achuar instead of Jivaro Indians are employed. See references are given in the Indice de encabezamientos de materias for readers accustomed to other terminology.

DATABASING VIS-A-VIS WORD PROCESSING This work was word processed, initially using WordStar 4.0 and 6.0 for DOS. Subsequently it migrated to WordPerfect 5.0 and 5.1 for DOS, then to WordPerfect 6.0, 6.1, 7.0 for WINDOWS, and finally to WordPerfect 8.0 for WINDOWS. Had I to do it all over again, I would have used a database instead of a word processing program. Certainly using a database program would have made incorporation of additional materials as well as rearrangement of entries much easier. But for the longest time, I had to make do with computers that are dinosaurs by todays standards (not just 286s, but even 086s). Furthermore, no guidance or instruction in bibliographic utilities such as Nota Benes Orbis or ProCite was available at the University of Guam. Also I had to purchase the majority of the more up-to-date, powerful, and sophisticated hardware (including quality printers) and software used in producing this bibliography myself because the administration of the University of Guam was begrudging in providing support. The staff of the University of Guams Computer Center, however, was absolutely wonderful when it came to helping out with whatever they could.

NOTES
1

Bohdan S. Wynar, Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, 8th ed., [by] Arlene G. Taylor

(Englewood, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited, Inc., 1992), p. 309.

2

Historiografa y bibliografa americanista began as a section of the A nuario de estudios

americanos, debuting in vol. 10 (1953) of the A nuario (Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano Americanos, 1944). Between 1971 and 1990, Historiografa y bibliografa americanista appeared xxiii

first as an annual and then as a semiannual in its own right, changing its title to Suplemento de A nuario de estudios americanos in 1987, and its enumeration at the same time to parallel that of the A nuario. In 1993, Historiografa y bibliografa americanista returned to being a section of the A nuario (50:1).
3

Bernard Lavall, Bibliografa francesa sobre el Ecuador (19681993): ciencias humans, sociales y

de la tierra (Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Maison des pays ibriques, 1995), p. 4.
4

Subsequent to the closure of the database, I was able to access WorldCat, the public access

module of OCLC. Although I was able to resolve some problems through the public access module of OCLC, WorldCat is not always bibliographically helpful inasmuch as it does not include statements of responsibility.

ABREVIACION ES Abbreviations are those employed in A nglo-A merican Cataloging Rules, 2nd ed., 1988 rev. (Ottawa: Canadian Library Association; London: Library Association Publishing Limited; Chicago: American Library Association, 1988), and Reglas de catalogacin angloamericanas (Washington, D.C.: Organizacin de los Estados Americanos; Costa Rica: Biblioteca, Documentacin e Informacin, Universidad de Costa Rica, 1983). Spanish usage has been preferred over English usage.

xxiv

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

BIBLIOGRAFIAS

This section lists every bibliography of ecuatoriana in the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and the Natural Sciences published before Jan. 1996 and for which I was able to obtain or to establish a satisfactory description as of July 1997. As of the late 1990s, the history of bibliography in Ecuador remained to be written. The only attempt to establish some of the benchmarks was Alfredo Chavess still indispensable 1958 Fuentes principales de la bibliografa ecuatoriana (item 54). According to Chaves the first bibliography realizado en el Ecuador was Juan de Velascos Ctalogo de algunos escritores antiguos y modernos del Per y Quito (Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1885; 6 p.). However, Velascos Ctalogo was not a bibliography per se but the bibliographic apparatus of his Historia del reino de Quito (item 1532), reprinted from the original edition thereof (Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1841-1844; 3 v.). It could be argued that the first Ecuadorian bibliography was the posthumously published Bibliotheca americana (1964-1965) of Antonio de Alcedo (1736-1812). There are difficulties with this contention too, however. Although quiteo born, Alcedo was a Spaniard in every sense that mattered, and his subject was the Americas at large, not his colony of birth. Nonetheless, his Bibliotheca americana (item 2) remains a major source of information on sixteenth-, seventeenth-, and eighteenth-century publications on the New World, including the future Ecuador. The earliest bibliography of ecuatoriana per se therefore appears to be Nicols Anrique Reyess 1891 Noticia de algunas publicaciones ecuatorianas anteriores a 1792 (item 8). Bibliographic control of ecuatoriana also had yet and perhaps still remains to be achieved. The Biblioteca General de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, however, endeavored to register national publications in the second half of the 1970s (see items 9-11), and the Cuenca branch of the Banco Central del Ecuadors Centro de Investigacin y Cultura made a comparable effort in the late 1970s and the 1980s (see items 65, 12, and 20, in that order). Both attempts at bibliographic control were commendable, but far from complete. Unfortunately, the Centro de Investigacin y Culturas Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano died with the 1987 issue. That I have been unable to determine when the Biblioteca General de la Universidad Central del Ecuadors Bibliografa ecuatoriana or the annual cumulation thereof (items 9-11) ceased to be published is symptomatic of the lack of bibliographic control and of the

difficulty in doing research in and on Ecuador. When the first manuscript catalog of a library was compiled in Ecuador is unknown. I suspect that it will turn out to have been an inventory of the holdings of the Dominican predecesor of the Biblioteca de la Universidad Central or of the Jesuit forerunner of the Biblioteca Nacional. The first printed catalog of a library was that of the Biblioteca Pblica del Azuay, each vol. of which was individually entitled: I, Ciencias eclesisticas (Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1890); II, Jurisprudencia (1890); IV, Historia (1890)-vol. 3 never appeared; V, Literatura (1891); VI, Ciencias; VII, Medicina (1891); VIII, Artes y oficios (1891). The most recent published catalogs of libraries as of July 1997, were the ongoing Diccionario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano of the Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit (item 26) and the CD-ROM catalog of the library of the Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador. The earliest bibliography of works on the history--in the broad sense --of Ecuador, albeit only of the colonial period, was Nicols Espinosa Corderos 1934 Bibliografa ecuatoriana (item 68). The first comprehensive register of ecuatoriana, including historical materials, was Carlos Manuel Larreas 1948-1953 Bibliografa cientfica del Ecuador (item 110). The most complete as well as up-to-date bibliography of works on and published sources for the reconstruction of the history of Ecuador used to be Robert E. Norriss 1978 Gua bibliogrfica para el estudio de la historia ecuatoriana (item 150). In addition to the bibliographies and bibliographical studies already mentioned and listed below, see: Rodrigo Fierro Bentezs Catlogo del libro ecuatoriano de medicina: obras seleccionadas, siglo XVIII hasta 1995 (Quito: Academia Ecuatoriana de Medicina, 1995; 169 p.) and his Bibliografa cientfica medica ecuatoriana publicada en el exterior (Quito: Casa de la cultura ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1995; 422 p. [Coleccin: Bibliografa cientfica ecuatoriana; no.1]); and Jorge Nez Snchezs La historiografa ecuatoriana (item 265) that lists and discusses some important works not seen by me.

1. Albn, Mara Elena. Bibliografa de filosofa ecuatoriana, Revista de historia de las ideas, 2 poca, 4 (1983), 263-275. A roster of works that express philosophical views of Ecuadorians. See also item 46. 2. Alcedo y Bejarano, Antonio de. Bibliotheca americana: catlogo de los autores que han escrito de la Amrica en diferentes idiomas, y noticia de su vida y patria, aos en que vivieron, y obras que escribieron (1807), introduccin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Museo Municipal de Arte e Historia, 1964-1965. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Arte e Historia; vol. 32, t. 1-2) The first complete publication of this monumental work. Previewed by Gonzalo Zaldumbide in: El diccionario indito de Alcedo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./abr. 1921), 71-93. 3. Alcina Franch, Jos. Bibliografa de trabajo. Madrid: Departamento de Antropologa y Etnologa de Amrica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1974. 74

leaves. A working bibliography of materials on the anthropology and archaeology of Ecuador. 4. Alvarado, Rafael. Indice de traducciones ecuatorianas, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 54 p. A reprint; originally published in: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 11:17 (1956), 349-388. Lists translations from Spanish into other European languages of national works, mostly literary. The first edition appeared as: Indice de traducciones ecuatorianas para el repertorio internacional de traducciones Index translation de la UNESCO, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 6:59 (1954), 505528. 5. Alzamora C., Luca. Ecuador, aspectos socio-econmicos: bibliografa, 2 ed. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1977. 212 p. A revised and augmented edition of the authors: Ecuador, aspectos socio-econmicos e integracin econmica: bibliografa. Quito: Seccin Publicaciones, JUNAPLA, 1976. ii, 182 p. Both are bibliographies of materials on social and economic conditions. 6. Andrade Chiriboga, Alfonso. Hemeroteca azuaya. Cuenca: Edit. El Mercurio, 1950. 2 v. A bibliography of nineteenth-century newspapers of Cuenca. 7. Andrade Marn, Luciano. La bibliografa geogrfica ecuatoriana y los gegrafos ecuatorianos, Anales de la Universidad Central, 23:328 (1949), 19-38. A bibliography of works on the geography of the country and of works by national geographers. 8. Anrique Reyes, Nicols. Noticia de algunas publicaciones ecuatorianas anteriores a 1792. Santiago de Chile: Impr. Nacional, 1891. 23 p. Apparently the first bibliography of ecuatoriana as well as the first bibliography of early Ecuadorian imprints. It registered four Ambato and eleven Quito titles. Also published in: Revista ecuatoriana, 4:3:39 (mar. 1892), 112-122. 9. Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano 1975. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Biblioteca General, 1976. 374 p. 10. Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano 1976 y 1977. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Biblioteca General, 1978. 427 p. 11. Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano 1978 y 1979. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Biblioteca General, 1981. 143 p. Items 9-11 constitute a serial, the complete chronology of which remains to be determined. Each vol. includes author, title, and subject indexes. The 1975 issue appears to be vol. 1, and cumulates the first six issues of Bibliografa ecuatoriana, a bimonthly that began with ao 1, no. 1 (ene./feb. 1975) and succumbed sometime thereafter. The 1976-1977 issue corresponds to no. 8/9 of the Bibliografa ecuatoriana,

and the 1978-1979 issue to no. 10, if not no. 10/11. The annual cumulation--of which the 1978-1979 issue (item 11) may have been the last published--is also defunct. Together with its bimonthly counterpart this annual constituted a notable attempt to establish control over national publications. Not related to items 12, 20, and 65. 12. Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano ... 1982-1987. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1984-1991. 7 v. Not to be confused with items 9-11. The Anuario for 1983 appeared in two vols. Indispensable for materials published in the 1980s. Each vol. includes an author index. Continues: Ecuador, bibliografa analtica (item 65). See also: Bibliografa retrospectiva ecuatoriana (item 20). 13. Arcos, Gualberto. Aporte para la bibliografa del Archipilago de las Galpagos, Anales de la Universidad Central, 56:296 (abr./jun. 1936), 629-644. A bibliography of works on the Galpagos Islands. See also item 5849. 14. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Ecuador, The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 11, Bibliographic Essays, edited by Leslie Bethell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 826-832. A revised version of the bibliographic essay that accompanies item 2223. Covers the years since 1930. 15. Bkula, Juan Miguel. Per y Ecuador: tiempos y testimonios de una vecindad, 1 ed. Lima: CEPEI : FOMCIENCIAS, 1992. 3 v. Vol. 1 (410 p.) is entirely given over to bibliography. References to many other Peruvian and even more Ecuadorian publications are to be found in the notes to vols. 2 and 3, to which access may be had via the Indice onomstico at the end of vol. 3. Vols. 2-3 also constitute a balanced, comprehensive, more or less objective, and scholarly treatment of the boundary dispute between Ecuador and Peru, of the history of the Upper Amazon Basin, and relations in general between the two countries by a Peruvian intellectual. The author, a retired career diplomat, is respected in both countries. 16. Barrera B., Jaime. Bibliografa para el estudio de la prehistoria ecuatoriana, Anales de la Universidad Central, 58:299 (ene./mayo 1937), 99-149. A bibliographic essay on the prehispanic period. Arranged chronologically. Reprinted in: Indianistas, indianfilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 63-116. 17. Bayle, Constantino. Notas sobre bibliografa jesutica de Mainas, Missionalia hispnica, 6:17 (1949), 277-317. A bibliography of materials on the Jesuit missions of the colonial period in the Upper Amazon Basin. The works in question are also studies of and sources on the ethnography, geography, and history of the Oriente during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries. 18. Bibliografa de autores ecuatorianos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 474 p.

Lists works of Ecuadorian authors held by the Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador. 19. Bibliografa de Pablo Muoz Vega, Cultura, 9:25 (mayo/ago. 1986), 121-143. A register of writings of and on the twentieth-century cardinal archbishop of Quito. 20. Bibliografa retrospectiva ecuatoriana e ndice acumulativo 1978-1985. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1991. 400 p. Supplements and provides a cumulative personal and corporate body author index to Ecuador, bibliografa analtica (item 65) and Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano (item 12). Unfortunately the commendable efforts of the Cuenca branch of the Banco Centrals Centro de Investigacin y Cultura to compile and publish continuing and retrospective bibliographies of works published in and on the country were curtailed by the political climate and economic crisis of the 1990s. 21. Bibliografa sobre administracin ecuatoriana y materias afines. Quito: Instituto de Estudios Administrativos, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1967. 95 p. A bibliography of materials on public administration of/in Ecuador and related topics. 22. Bibliografa social, econmica y poltica del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, Seccin de Investigaciones Sociales, [1973]. 2 v. An important attempt to compile a national bibliography of social scientific materials, including historical. Unfortunately this work suffers from incomplete descriptions and misspellings of authorss names. 23. Bibliographie sur lEquateur = Bibliography on Ecuador. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Development Centre, 1985. iii, 85 p. Apparently a general bibliography; indicative of materials available in France. 24. Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando. XXV aniversario de la fundacin de la Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando, 1913-1938. Guayaquil: Impr. i Tall. Municipales, 1938. 104 p. A list of works of national authors in this major collection. 25. Biblioteca de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Catlogo de obras de la Biblioteca de la Facultad de Derecho. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1957. 100 p. A register of works in the Law Library of the Central University. 26. Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Diccionario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano, dirigido por Julin G. Bravo Santilln con la colaboracin de Wilson C. Vega Vega y Vctor H. Vaca Bravo. Quito: Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinos Plit, 1989-<1999>. <8> v. An exceptionally comprehensive bibliography of national authors as well as a catalog of the largest collection of ecuatoriana in the world. It includes newspaper articles, pamphlets, and other ephemera. Indexed by author, subject, and year of publication.

Not an easy tool to use, however, inasmuch as entries are entered by year of publication under author rather than alphabetically by title under author. Furthermore, authorss names are given only once, at the beginning of the list of his/her publications, rendering this bibliography almost impossible to scan. Limited to materials held by the Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Tomo 1, A-An, consists of 6,347 entries; t. 2, An-Ba, of 8,387 entries; t. 3, Ba-Cam, of 8,339 entries; t. 4, Ca-Coh, of 8,215 entries; t. 5, Col-Cor, of 6,333 entries; t. 6, Cos-CH, of 5,962 entries; t. 7, D-EC of 5,772 entries; t. 8, Ech-Esp of 4,593 entries. 27. Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador. Incunables y libros raros y curiosos de los siglos XV, XVI, XVII y XVIII, de la seccin llamada Hispanoamericana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 108 p. Describes pre-1800 separates, mostly European but also some early Ecuadorian imprints, held by the National Library. 28. Boletn bibliogrfico ecuatoriano. Vol. 1, no. 1 (ene./mar., 1967)-v. 1, no. 2 (abr./jun. 1967). Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. 2 nos. 29. Bravo, Julin G. La bibliografa mariana de los siglos XVII y XVIII en la Audiencia de Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 7 (1983), 83-115. A major guide to Marian publications of the colonial period. At the same time a partial guide to early Ecuadorian imprints. Also published as a separate: Quito: [s.n.], 1984. 56 p. 30. Bristow, Clement Roger. An Annotated Bibliography of Ecuadorian Geology. London: H.M.S.O., 1981. ii, 38 p. 31. Bromley, R.J. Bibliografa del Ecuador: ciencias sociales, econmicas y geogrficas. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1970. 61 p. A bibliography of social scientific studies. Includes an author index. Also published: Talence, France: Centre dtudes de gografie tropicale, 1970. (Travaux et documents de gographie tropicale; no. 2) 32. Bueno C., Ricardo. Ensayo bibliogrfico de los escritos del Ilmo. y Rvdmo. Dr. Dn. Federico Gonzlez Surez, arzobispo de Quito. Quito: Tip. de la Prensa Catlica, 1925. xxviii, 143 p. An annotated guide to the writings of the archbishop historian. See also item 165. Also published in a 2 ed.: Homenaje a la memoria del Ilmo. y Rvmo. Sr. Dr. D. Federico Gonzlez Surez: ensayo bibliogrfico de sus obras y escritos. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1943. 149 p. 33. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Jos Peralta y el liberalismo: anlisis documental. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 319 p. 34. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. La produccin periodstica de Jos Peralta, Revista IDIS, 18 (ene. 1988), 39-66.

Items 33 and 34 are bibliographies of publications of and on the Liberal ideologue (1855-1937). Item 33 also registers materials on liberalism and the Liberal period (1895-1925). 35. Carrera M., Lelia; and Lucila Crtez Miranda. Bibliografa colonial ecuatoriana, Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 63:308 (ene./jun. 1940), 576-652. A bibliography of materials of and on the colonial period. 36. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Bibliografa afro-ecuatoriana: (1 y 2 entregas), Humanitas (Quito), 4:2 (1963), 5-19. 37. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Bibliografa del folklore ecuatoriano: (1 y 2 entregas), Anales de la Universidad Central, 93:348 (mayo 1964), 111-168. Registers 179 items. Annotated. 38. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Bibliografa del folklore ecuatoriano: 3 entrega, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 211-216. Items 36-38 are the first systematic attempts to register folklore materials of/on Ecuador by the founder of modern folklore studies in the country. 39. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Catlogo general de publicaciones de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1944-1965. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 219 p. An annotated list of works published by the Casa de la Cultura and its branches from 1944 through 1965. Includes notes on authors. 40. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin. Catlogo de obras publicadas por la Editorial de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1980. 47 p. Supplements item 39. 41. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Ediciones del Canto a Bolvar publicadas en la vida de Olmedo, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 13:31/32 (1962), 60-72. Apparently a complete register of coeval editions of Olmedos Canto a Bolvar. 42. Castillo, Abel Romeo. La imprenta de Guayaquil independiente: 1821-1822, 2 ed. corr. y aum. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. xiii, 202 p. The most complete study, as of July 1997, of early imprints in Guayaquil. This edition includes previously published essays by Gustavo Arboleda R., Pedro Carbo, Juan B. Ceriola, and Jos Gabriel Pino Roca on the early history of the printing press in the port city. The original or first edition was: La imprenta de Guayaquil independiente, 1821-1822: historia, bibliografa, catlogo, notas, facsmiles. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1956. xvi, 204 p. 43. Castillo, Abel Romeo. El primer periodista y el primer peridico ecuatoriano, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, poca 2, 1 (1939), 126-137. On El Patriota de Guayaquil, which the late Castillo had been in the process of

reprinting year by year (see item 1801) and its editor, Francisco Mara Roca. 44. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Los primeros diarios de Guayaquil (1860-1884), Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 8:10 (1971), 5-30. On the first daily newspapers in the port city. 45. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Los primeros peridicos guayaquileos: breve catlogo bibliogrfico, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 7:9 (dic. 1969/feb. 1970), 29-54. Covers the years 1821-1830. 46. Catlogo de libros de filosofa en el Ecuador, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 389415. A list of philosophy books published in the country, by national authors, or on Ecuadorian philosophy. 47. Ciudad de papel. 1 (ene. 1994)-. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1994-. A bibliographic bulletin, mostly given over to materials on urbanization. 48. Clagett, Helen Lord. A Guide to the Law and Legal Literature of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1947. viii, 100 p. Considerably dated but still useful. 49. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Bibliografa cronolgico [de y sobre Honorato Vsquez], Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 49 (1985), 29-61. 50. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Bibliografa ecuatoriana de artesanas y artes populares. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1980. xxii, 373 p. Registers 999 items. Broader in coverage than the title implies. Well indexed. 51. Cordero Iiguez, Juan; and Bernarda Crespo Cordero. Bibliografa azuaya del siglo XIX. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 370 p. A well done year by year listing of 3,701 items published in Cuenca and by cuencanos elsewhere at one time or another in the 1800s. Annotated. Indexed by author and subject matter. Exceptionally comprehensive inasmuch as the compilers included broadsheets, periodical articles, and contributions to festschriften. 52. Corkill, David. Ecuador. Oxford, Eng.: Clio Press, 1989. xxi, 155 p. (World Bibliographical Series; vol. 101) Useful for general readers and beginning researchers, but too limited for post baccalaureate or advanced research. Describes 557 items in the Humanities and the Social Sciences. Each entry is annotated. Emphasizes English language and therefore by default general Latin American, South American, and Andean materials rather than Ecuadorian materials per se, reflecting the limited library holdings in Great Britain on Ecuador. Indexed by authors, titles, and subjects.

53. Cueva, Juan Martn; and Monica Snchez. Bibliografa ecuatoriana sobre pequea y mediana empresa. Quito: INSOTEC, Unidad de Investigaciones de Poltica Industrial, Centro de Documentacin e Informacin, [1988?]. 134 p. Indexed. 54. Chaves, Alfredo. Fuentes principales de la bibliografa ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 24 p. The pioneering attempt to establish a bibliography of national, regional, and local bibliographies. Relatively full yet curiously incomplete. But less than bibliographic adequate control and the difficulty in laying hands on all appropriate publications have to be taken into account. 55. Chaves, Alfredo. Primer registro bibliogrfico de artes plsticas en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1942. [40] p. (i.e., p. 77-116). Lists 302 articles and books. Published together with: Jos Alfredo Llerena, La pintura ecuatoriana del siglo XX (item 3889). 56. Deas, Malcolm. Ecuador, The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 11, Bibliographic Essays, edited by Leslie Bethell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 474-476. 57. Deas, Malcolm. Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, The Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 11, Bibliographic Essays, edited by Leslie Bethell (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 274-283. This and the preceding item are revised and updated bibliographic essays, the original versions of which appeared in vols. 3 and 5 of The Cambridge History of Latin America (items 2041 and 2396). They cite and evaluate literature on the first 100 years of the national period (i.e., from 1830 through 1930). 58. Delaunay, Daniel. Demografa en el Ecuador, una bibliografa; Poblaciones de las parroquias: Ecuador, 1950-1982. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1985. 16, 69 p. (Documentos de investigacin, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica. Serie Demografa y geografa de la poblacin; no. 1-2) The first title is a bibliography of demographic studies on the country. The second, coauthored with Blanca Carrera and Juan Len, is a correction of the global results of the 1950, 1962, 1974, and 1982 censuses. 59. Delgado Santos, Francisco. El libro en el Ecuador: situacin, perspectivas. Bogot: Centro Regional para el Fomento del Libro en Amrica Latina y el Caribe, 1987. 65 p. For a more recent commentary on the status of book publishing and the book trade in the country see: Carl W. Deals Academic Publishing in Ecuador. Albuquerque: SALALM Secretariat, General Library, University of New Mexico, 1994. 34 p. (Latin American Information Series; 4)

60. Destruge, Camilo. Historia de la prensa de Guayaquil. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1982. 2 v. A reprint with an introductory study by Abel Romeo Castillo; originally published: Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1924-1925. 2 v. (Memorias de la Academia Nacional de Historia; 2-3). An exceptionally important contribution to the history of newspapers in Guayaquil. A treasure trove of bibliographic data. Also a major study of cultural and political developments in the port city in the 1800s and early 1900s. Vol. 2 includes an appendix on: Revistas literarias, cientficas, etc; Peridicos jocosos, de caricaturas etc.; Almanaques y guas de la ciudad. 61. Daz Cueva, Miguel. Bibliografa de Fray Vicente Solano. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1965. 318 p. 62. Daz Cueva, Miguel. Bibliografa de Honorato Vzquez. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1955. 192 p. Items 61 and 62 are model bibliographies. They list and describe in chronological order and exquisite detail virtually every, if not every, original publication of Solanos and of Vzquezs oeuvre. Item 61 also analyzes Solanos Obras (item 5181). 63. Daz Cueva, Miguel. Bibliografa ecuatoriana sobre derecho societario, Memoria de la Superintendencia de Compaas del Ecuador, 1964-1979 (Quito: Superintendencia de Compaas del Ecuador, 1979), p. 321-327. 64. Economic Aspects of Agricultural Development in Ecuador: A Bibliography of Materials Dealing with Ecuador in the Land Tenure Center Library, compiled by the staff of the Land Tenure Library. Madison: Land Tenure Center, 1972. 28 p. 65. Ecuador, bibliografa analtica: indice peridico de publicaciones nacionales y extranjeras sobre el Ecuador. Ao 1, no. 1 (jul. 1979)-Ao 3, no. 3 (dic. 1982). Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1979-1982. 9 no. Organized by disciplines. Includes analytics of anthologies and periodicals. Indexed by author. The inaugural issue covered publications of 1978. Continued by: Anuario bibliogrfico ecuatoriano (item 12). 66. Espn Lastra, Alfonso R. Biblioteca General de la Universidad Central: seccin de libros coloniales que pertenecieron a la Universidad de San Gregorio Magno y luego a la biblioteca del doctor Eugenio Espejo, Cuadernos de arte y poesa (Quito), 9 (mar. 1960), 108-147. Lists 489 early works. Reprinted in: Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 84:344 (1960), 363-398. 67. Espn Lastra, Alfonso R. Libros coloniales de la Universidad Central: catlogo general. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1963. 105 p. Organized by subjects. 68. Espinosa Cordero, Nicols. Bibliografa ecuatoriana: noticias de las obras literarias

y cientficas que forman el caudal bibliogrfico de la Real Audiencia de Quito, hoy Repblica del Ecuador, con breves datos biogrficos de sus autores, 1534-1809. Cuenca: Impr. del Colegio Nacional Benigo Malo, 1934. viii, 171 p. A notable attempt to establish the output of authors of the colonial period. Arranged chronologically by century. Includes biographical data. See also the authors later Fuentes para la historia ecuatoriana (item 70). 69. Espinosa Cordero, Nicols. Estudios literarios y bibliogrficos. Impr. del Colegio Nacional Benigno Malo, 1934. 265 p. Partial contents: Don Luis Cordero: ensayo bibliogrfico, que se publica con motivo del primer centenario de su nacimiento (p. 1-32); Inventario bibliogrfico de la ciencia azuaya (p. 59-91); and the separately published Bibliografa ecuatoriana (item 68) (p. 93-206). 70. Espinosa Cordero, Nicols. Fuentes para la historia ecuatoriana: primera parte, 1531-1809. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1952. 64 p. The only part published. A basic guide to materials of and on the colonial period. 71. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Datos bibliogrficos de Monseor Manuel Mara Plit Laso. Quito: Edit. La Sociedad, 1943. 50 p. 72. Estrella, Eduardo. Principales fuentes de la bibliografa mdica ecuatoriana. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Mdicas, 1988. 67 p. 73. Exposicin del libro, organizada por el Ministerio de Educacin Pblica: biblioteca ecuatoriana que comprende los diez ltimos aos de publicaciones. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1940. 77 p. Cover title: Exposicin del libro ecuatoriano: diez aos de publicaciones nacionales, 1930-1940. A year by year and subject by subject account. Reflects the acquisitions of the Biblioteca Nacional between and inclusive of 1930 and 1940. 74. Exposicin del periodismo ecuatoriano. Quito: Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador, 1941. 119 p. 75. Exposicin y feria anual del libro ecuatoriano: Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1933. 53 p. It is not known how many annual expositions and book fairs were held, but given the adverse state of the economy in the 1930s, it is unlikely that there were more than a few, if in fact more than one was held. 76. Fauroux, Emmanuel. Las fuentes impresas para el estudio histrico, poltico, econmico y social de la Provincia de Loja, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 371-435. Includes many little known materials, especially theses, local newspapers, and periodical articles. 77. Fichas bibliogrficas de la historia del Ecuador y del Azuay. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales IDIS, 1978. 2 v.

Important because of the inclusion of some local and regional, not elsewhere registered publications. Contents: vol. 1, Obras generales, precolonia, colonia, independencia y Gran Colombia (iii, 117 leaves); vol. 2, Repblica, estructura del Estado (Poder Ejecutivo), estructura del Estado (Poder Legislativo) (122 p.). 78. Fischer, Sabine. Bibliografa sobre la industria ecuatoriana, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 5:15/16 (1984), 263-273. 79. Freire Rubio, Edgar. El autor y el libro ecuatorianos en 1992, Crnica del ro, 4/5 (sept. 1993), 93-101. 80. Freire Rubio, Edgar. Desde el mostrador del librero, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Grijalbo Ecuatoriana, 1990-<1996>. <3> v. Vol. 1 subtitled: Lo que el pas edit desde junio de 1987 a julio de 1990, but includes in appendix Lo que el Ecuador edit de agosto a diciembre de 1990. Vol. 2: Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales: Ediciones Abya-Yala. Vol. 3 subtitled: Lo que el Ecuador edit desde enero de 1992 a diciembre de 1994; and published by: Sistema Nacional de Bibliotecas, Subsecretara de Cultura, Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura. Continues item 81. 81. Freire Rubio, Edgar. El libro nacional: ese desconocido: lo que el pas edit desde enero de 1986 a junio de 1987. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 91 p. Items 80 and 81 are month-by-month listing of national publications of books and periodicals issued between Jan. 1986 and Dec. 1995, and, therefore, a quasicontinuation of items 16, 20, and 65. Primarily useful as guides to what was/is being published. Unfortunately, however, they do not include the majority of government documents. Both items 80 and 81, however, do include insightful and informative articles--originally published in El Comercio, Hoy, and La Hora as were the lists of publications--on booksellers and the book trade in Ecuador. 82. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Bibliografa del periodismo nacional: adiciones, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador, nueva ser., 3 (mar./abr. 1926), 173-176. Supplements item 83. 83. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Ensayo de bibliografa del periodismo en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador, nueva ser., 1 (dic. 1925), 4686. Items 82-83 are included here within for the sake of completeness. But they have long since been superseded, especially by Ojeda (item 151). 84. Gondard, Pierre. Repertorio bibliogrfico de los trabajos realizados con la participacin de ORSTOM: Ecuador 1962-1986 = Repertoire bibliographique des travaux raliss avec la participation de lORSTOM: Equateur 1962-1986. Quito, Ecuador and Montellier, France: ORSTOM, 1986. 69 p. Also sometimes cited as: Ecuador 1962-1986: repertorio bibliogrfico de los trabajos realizados con la participacin de ORSTOM = Equateur 1962-1986: repertoire

bibliographique des travaux realises avec la participation de lORSTOM. See also item 339. 85. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Bibliografa ecuatoriana: la imprenta en el Ecuador durante el tiempo de la colonia, 1750-1792, Anales de la Universidad de Quito, 7:48 (jul. 1892), 269-279. Registers 29 imprints. Superseded by Stols (item 187), but still important because it reproduces in facsimile the title pages of said imprints. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1892. 36 p. And in: Revista ecuatoriana, 4:43 (jul. 1892), 265-279. See also vol. 7, chaps. 2 and 3 of the archbishop historians Historia general (item 1388). 86. Graham, Ann. Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. Austin: University of Texas at Austin, General Libraries, 1978. 26 p. (Selected References Sources, University of Texas at Austin. General Libraries; no. 33) Considerably dated, but useful as an indicator of how little used to be available in the United States, even at a major research library, on Ecuador. 87. Grijalva Cobo, Adriana; and Samuel Guerra Bravo, Bibliografa sobre Vicente Rocafuerte, Cultura, 6:16 (mayo/ago. 1983), 417-430. 88. Gua bibliogrfica de geografa fsica del Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Geogrficas. Quito: Ediciones de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1990. 73 p. Annotates articles, books, and reports published in the 1970s and 1980s. Broader in coverage than the title implies. Includes an author index and an index by provinces. 89. Guzmn C., Jos H. Tecnologa agropecuaria del Ecuador. Cuenca: Grficas Hernndez Ca. Ltda., 1988. 343 p. An idiosyncratic bibliography of materials on Ecuadorian agriculture, based largely on Guzmans own holdings. Describes many unpublished studies and sources. 90. Hamerly, Michael T. El antiguo Rejistro Municipal (1835?-1861) de Guayaquil, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:7 (jun. 1975), 64-70a. Includes an issue by issue list. 91. Hamerly, Michael T. La demografa histrica del Ecuador, Per y Bolivia: una bibliografa preliminar, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:6 (dic. 1974), 24-63. Includes some materials, especially published sources, not incorporated in this work. 92. Hampe Martnez, Teodoro. Sumaria bibliografa sobre los cronistas del Per, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional (Lima), 40:93/94 (1985), 5-57. Reviews and lists the original and the most important (in Hampe Martnezs view) modern editions of the chronicles of the Spanish conquest of the Perus and of the civil wars between the conquistadores. 93. Handelsman, Michael H. El modernismo en las revistas literarias del Ecuador,

1895-1930: ensayo preliminar y bibliografa. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1981. 132 p. Primarily a bibliography (p. 37-127). Based on holdings of the Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando, housed in the Biblioteca Municipal of Guayaquil. 94. Hart, George C. A Collection of Ecuadorian Laws at Indiana University. Bloomington: Indiana University Libraries, Government Publications Department, [1975?]. 80 p. 95. Holm, Olaf. Bibliografa antropolgica ecuatoriana, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 42 (1975), 379-406; 44 (ene. 1982), 131-153. Continues: Holms Bibliografa ecuatoriana (item 98). 96. Holm, Olaf. Bibliografa antropolgica ecuatoriana, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 174-186; 4:4 (1984), 161-172; 5:5 (1985), 219-237; 7:7 (1987), 183-189. Continues preceding item (95). 97. Holm, Olaf. Bibliografa de autores nacionales y extranjeros, relacionada con temas antropolgicos ecuatorianos, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 233-261; 22:39 (1972), 234-260; 23:40 (1973), 203-232. Continues: Holms Bibliografa (item 99). Continued by Holms Bibliografa ecuatoriana (item 98). 98. Holm, Olaf. Bibliografa ecuatoriana: sobre temas histricos y antropolgicos ecuatorianas reunidos hasta el ao 1974, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 185-209. Continues: Holms Bibliografa de autores nacionales y extranjeros (item 97). Continued by: Holms Bibliografa antropolgica ecuatoriana (item 95). 99. Holm, Olaf. Bibliografa: publicaciones sobre temas antropolgicos del Ecuador o relacionadas con las investigaciones ecuatorianas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 240-251. Intended to supplement and update Carlos Manuel Larreas Bibliografa cientfica del Ecuador: antropologa, etnografa, arqueologa, prehistoria, lingstica, 3 ed. (item 112). Continues Holms Bibliografa antropolgica y miscelnea, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967/1968), 285-306, apparently the first in the series, discovered too late to list separately. Continued by: Holms Bibliografa de autores nacionales y extranjeros (item 97). 100. Ibarra, Hernn. Ecuador, bibliografa analtica agraria, 1900-1982. Quito: Ediciones CIESE, con el auspicio de ILDIS, 1982. 419 p. Annotated and indexed. 101. Indice de tesis universitarias sobre temas econmicas, 1900-1984, Julio Oleas Montalvo [et al.]. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 409 p. (Fuentes para la historia econmica del Ecuador. Serie Indices de documentacin; 2)

See also: Solano de la Sala Veintemilla, Germn. Indice de folletos sobre temas econmicos y sociales del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1991. 299 p. (Fuentes para la historia econmica del Ecuador. Serie Indices de documentacin; 3) 102. Inventario de estadsticas demogrficas y socioeconmicas de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1974. 57 p. A useful guide to published and unpublished statistical compendia as of mid-1974. 103. Itzstein, Gertraud; and Heiko Prumers. Einfhrende Bibliographie zur Archologie Ecuador = Bibliografa bsica sobre la arqueologa del Ecuador. Bonn: Seminar fr Volkerkunde der Universitat Bonn, 1981. 110 p. Lists approximately 1,200 studies of the prehispanic period published between 1900 and 1980. 104. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Bibliografa de Honorato Vzquez, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 19 (jun. 1931), 290-309. 105. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Bibliografa quitea, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 7-29. 106. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Ensayo de bibliografa nacional. Cuenca: Impr. Municipal, 1925. 43 p. 107. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Exposicin del libro azuayo: indice bibliogrfico. Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1939-1940. xiv, 142 p. Also published in: Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 33/34 (1939/1940), 80-230. 108. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Indice bibliogrfico de la Biblioteca Jaramillo de Escritos Nacionales. Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1932. ii, 355 p. 109. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Indice bibliogrfico de las revistas de la Biblioteca Jaramillo de Escritos Nacionales. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1953. 180 p. Items 108 and 109 are catalogs of books by national authors and of national periodicals in the Jaramillo collection, now part of the Biblioteca de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay. N.B. Item 109 is an issue by issue account. 110. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa cientfica del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948-1953. 5 v. in 1. Vols. 2-5 paged continuously. Registers 8,732 items. Covers through 1946. Contents: t. 1, Geografa, descripciones generales, viajes, datos estadsticos; t. 2, Geologa, petrografa, mineraloga, paleontologa, vulcanologa, botnica y zoologa; t. 3, Antropologa, etnografa, arqueologa, lingstica, folklore, prehistoria, historia antigua; t. 4, Historia general, historia de la cultura, historia eclesistica, cuestiones polticas, etc.; t. 5, Apndices e indices.

111. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa cientfica del Ecuador, 2 ed. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispanica, 1952. 492 p. Registers 9,300 items. Advanced coverage through 1949. 112. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa cientfica del Ecuador: antropologa, etnografa, arqueologa, prehistoria, lingistica, 3 ed. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1968. 289 p. Covers anthropological and related publications through 1966. Registers 2,235 items. Indexed by subject. Only vol. of third ed. issued. 113. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa de Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 34:83 (ene./jun. 1954), 122-127. A comprehensive listing of Gangotena y Jijns publications, of which there appear to have been 72 altogether. Gangotena y Jijns genealogies are especially important inasmuch as they were based on considerable original research and his own private collection, rich in manuscript originals and coeval copies. 114. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa de Gabriel Garca Moreno: en el centenario de su asesinato, 1875-1975, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 130-150. Also published as a separate: Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1975. 43 p. And reprinted as Bibliografa de y sobre Gabriel Garca Moreno, Bibliografa ecuatoriana, 7 (1976), 80-95. 115. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Bibliografa histrica ecuatoriana: publicaciones hechas en 1953, Museo Histrico, 6:20 (jun. 1954), 56-73. Lists 68 items. Annotated. Also published in: Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales, 6:60 (mayo/abr. 1954), 609-632. 116. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Dos incunables ecuatorianos y algunos rarsimos impresos coloniales en Lima, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 91-95. Added a previously unknown 1759 Ambato imprint to the registry. 117. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Ms incunables americanos y otros seis impresos coloniales en Lima, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 27:70 (jul./dic. 1947), 297-305. Added a 1757 Ambato and eleven early Quito imprints to the registry. 118. Larrea Holgn, Juan. Bibliografa jurdica del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1970. 178 p. Registers 2,153 items. Indexed. 119. Larrea Holgn, Juan. Bibliografa jurdica del Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1974. 321 p. Registers 4,040 items. Poorly proofed. Indexed.

120. Larrea Holgn, Juan. Bibliografa jurdica del Ecuador, 3 ed. Guayaquil: EDINO, 1993. 634 p. Registers 6,319 items. Thematically organized. Subject indexed. 121. Lavall, Bernard. Bibliografa francesa sobre el Ecuador (1968-1993): ciencias humanas, sociales y de la tierra. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; [Paris]: Maison des pays ibriques, 1995. 156 p. Registers 1,479 works published in France on Ecuador in the Humanities, the Social Sciences, and the Natural Sciences between and inclusive of 1968 and 1993. Indexed. 122. Ledergerber C., Paulina. Tesis en antropologa ecuatoriana aprobadas por universidades del Canad y Estados Unidos, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 213-217; 6:6 (1986), 189-191. A useful but incomplete listing. 123. Len, Luis A. Bibliografa nacional y extranjera sobre el indio ecuatoriano, Cuestiones indgenas del Ecuador, (item 7938), p. 263-302. A 1946 bibliography. Registers 571 items. 124. Len, Luis A. Bibliografa sobre enfermedad de Chagas en el Ecuador, Carlos Chagas (1879-1934) y la tripanosomiasis americana (Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Seccin Ciencias Biolgicas, 1980), p. 63-71. 125. Libros y bibliotecas: revista trimestral de biblioeconoma. Ao 1, no. 1 (mar. 1939)-? Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall., Municipales, 1939-? Organo de la Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando. his periodical ceased to be published some years ago, but I was unable to ascertain the particulars of its demise. 126. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. Bibliografa del teatro ecuatoriano, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 227-232. 127. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. Bibliografa del teatro ecuatoriano, 1900-1982. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 131 p. 128. Luzuriaga C., Carlos; and Clarence Zuvekas, Jr. An Annotated Bibliography of Income, Income Distribution, and Levels of Living in Rural Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Rural Development Division, Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean, Agency for International Development, 1979. x, 97 p. A preliminary version of item 129. 129. Luzuriaga C., Carlos; and Clarence Zuvekas, Jr. Income Distribution and Poverty in Rural Ecuador, 1950-1979: A Survey of the Literature. Tempe: Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University, 1983. xiii, 238 p. Not only surveys but also reviews and interprets the literature on income distribution and levels of living in rural Ecuador since 1950 (p. xiii). Therefore a major portrait of socioeconomic conditions as well as an analysis of the corresponding literature,

including some government documents not here within listed. See especially chap. 6, Case Studies (p. 99-164). Unfortunately this data rich study is not indexed. 130. Madera, Luis F. Peridicos ibarreos. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, 1927. 34 p. 131. Madero Moreira, Mauro; and Francisco Parra Gil. Indice de la bibliografa mdica ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Edit. del Ncleo del Guayas de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1971. xxvi, 493 p. A comprehensive bibliography of medical materials. Indispensable for research on history of medicine and related topics. Lists 6,663 articles published between 1883 and 1968, by subject and author, and approximately 1,500 books published between 1785 and 1968, by author. 132. Maiguashca, Juan. Bibliografa selectiva de historia econmica del Ecuador: dividida en pocas y rea temticas, desde 1521 hasta 1910, Historia econmica en Amrica Latina, 1 ed. (Mxico: SepSetentas, 1972), vol. 2, p. 197-213. See also item 254. 133. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Autobibliografa del Sr. Dr. Ricardo Mrquez Tapia. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1967. 137 p. A bare bones listing of the writings, including unpublished, of the prolific Mrquez Tapia, a physician turned historian, and of Ezequiel Mrquez, his father. 134. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Bibliografa ecuatoriana: bosquejo preliminar, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1 (ene. 1921), 280-287. 135. Maxwell, Michael B. Bibliografa del Instituto Lingstico de Verano en el Ecuador 1950-1980: con suplemento 1981-1985, 2 ed. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1985. 67 p. Inasmuch as the Summer Institute of Linguistics was expelled from the country in the early 1980s, probably a complete listing of its work in Ecuador. 1 ed.: Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1980. 136. Medina, Jos Toribio. La imprenta en en [sic] Quito (1760-1818): notas bibliogrficas. Santiago de Chile: Impr. Elzeviriana, 1904. 86 p. Registers 43 items. Superseded by Stols (item 187). Most recent reprint as of July, 1997: Amsterdam: N. Israel, 1964. 137. Medina, Jos Toribio. Noticias bibliogrficas, referentes a las primeras producciones de la imprenta en algunas ciudades de la Amrica Espaola: (Ambato, Angostura, Curazao, Guayaquil, etc.). Santiago de Chile: Impr. Elzeviriana, 1904. xii, 116 p. Registers six Ambato titles and two putative Guayaquil items, the first of which definitely was not printed in the port city as Medina suspected. 138. Mesa, Rosa Quintero. Ecuador. Ann Arbor: Xerox University Microfilms, 1973. xxxii, 142 p. (Latin American Serial Documents; vol. 8)

An indispensable, comprehensive guide to official and government published serials of Ecuador and a quasi-union list of North American library holdings thereof. It cannot be over emphasized that very few of the titles uncovered by Mesa appear in the Union List of Serials and the various supplements thereto. 139. Miller, Eugene Willard; and Ruby M. Miller. The Third World: Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador: a Bibliography. Monticello, Ill.: Vance Bibliographies, 1990. 33 p. Too general to be of much use to anyone except beginning researchers and casual readers. 140. Mio, Wilson. La comercializacin agropecuaria en el Ecuador: gua bibliogrfica comentada. Quito: FLASCO: ILDIS, 1986. 96 p. Annotates 110 works on commercial agriculture published between 1975 and 1986. 141. Miras, Claude de; Gustavo Rodrguez; and Roberto Roggiero. Bibliografa comentada sobre el sector informal urbano, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIME: ORSTOM: ILDIS, 1992. 179 p. (Guayaquil futuro) Consists of 498 entries. Includes Ecuadorian publications on the informal sector of urban economies. Indexed by author and subject. 142. Miyata, Kenneth. A Check List of the Amphibians and Reptiles of Ecuador, with a Bibliography of Ecuadorian Herpetology. Washington, D.C.: Division of Reptiles and Amphibians, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1982. 70 p. 143. Muoz, Bonifacio. Obras de autores ecuatorianos: catlogo especial de la Librera Sucre ... Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1920. 144 p. 144. Muoz, Leonardo J. Hojas volantes que se han publicado en las diversas provincias del Ecuador, 1790-1920. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio del Gobierno, 1941. 16 p. As of July 1997, apparently the only bibliography to have been compiled of broadsheets and fliers. 145. Muoz Chvez, Ricardo. Bibliografa jurdica del Azuay, colaboradores: Rodrigo Abad Gmez, Juan Cordero Iiguez, Diego Mora Castro. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1991. 380 p. Describes 2,680 books and articles, licentiate and doctoral theses. Includes an introductory study on lawyers and legal societies in Cuenca. Indexed by subject. 146. Naranjo, Plutarco; and Carlos A. Rolando. Juan Montalvo, estudio bibliogrfico. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 2 v. Vol. 1 is an analysis of Los escritos de Montalvo; vol. 2, Bibliografa montalvina, lists publications of and on Montalvo in chronological order through early 1966. Indexed. N.B. Naranjo incorporated and expanded upon Rolandos Don Juan Montalvo, 18321932 (item 174). Hence, the inclusion of Rolandos name in the credits. 147. Navas C., Bolivar. Bibliografa ecuatoriana de ciencias sociales aplicadas a la

vida rural, la reforma agraria y colonizacin. Quito: Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrcolas, Oficina Nacional en Ecuador, 1971. ii, 131 p. 148. Noia, John de. Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1947. 56 p. (Guide to the Official Publications of the Other American Republics; 9) A comprehensive guide to government publications of the 1800s and the first half of the 1900s. 149. Norris, Robert E. Estudios norteamericanos sobre el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 27:3/4 (jul./dic. 1971), 179-189. 150. Norris, Robert E. Gua bibliogrfica para el estudio de la historia ecuatoriana. Austin: Institute of Latin American Studies, University of Texas at Austin, 1978. ix, 295 p. The most comprehensive guide to Ecuadorian historiography in its day. Lists 3,577 plus books, pamphlets, articles, theses, and miscellaneous manuscripts. Annotates some items. Marred by errors of commission as well as of omission, however. Indexed by authors and subjects. 151. Ojeda V., Alejandro. Estadstica de la prensa nacional siguiendo el orden cronolgico y clasificado por provincias desde enero de 1792 hasta diciembre de 1940, Informe del seor Ministro de Hacienda y Crdito Pblico al H. Congreso Nacional (Quito: Ministerio de Hacienda y Crdito Pblico, 1941), 2 pte., p. 243-345. An exceptionally comprehensive guide to newspapers. A province by province, year by year list. Not always reliable, however, as to beginning and ending dates of publication. 152. Oleas G., Angel F. Catlogo modelo: Biblioteca del Convento de Santo Domingo, Quito. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa; Brussels: Reino de Blgica; Quito: Comunidad Dominicana de Quito, 1992. viii, 347 p. Samples holdings of Library of Dominican Convent in Quito to exemplify how a level two catalog, employing current, internationally agreed upon bibliographic norms, should be constructed. Of minor utility as a subject bibliography, however, inasmuch as it describes only 250 items. 153. Patch, Richard Wilbur. Bibliography of the Andean Countries: A Selected, Current, Annotated Bibliography Relating to Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador, Drawn from Reasonably Accessible Works Published in English and Spanish. New York: American Universities Field Staff, 1958. 23 p. Includes only eight entries for Ecuador. A good example of how little used to be available in the United States. 154. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Bibliografa geogrfica ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1927. 69 p. Registers 751 items. Also published in: Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador, 2:10 (1927), 178-200;

2:11 (1927), 234-278. 155. Prez Concha, Jorge. Bibliografa histrica naval ecuatoriana, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 8:15 (dic. 1993), 135-164. 156. Prez Sinz, Juan Pablo. Debate bibliogrfico: urbanizacin, sector informal y pobladores, Ecuador debate, 11 (jun. 1986), 195-202. 157. Pinto Gamboa, W. Fernando; and Carmen Bejarano de Nez. Repertorio bibliogrfico de la literatura latinoamericana, dirigido por Luis Alberto Snchez. T. 4. Cuba-Ecuador. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1962. 242 p. Includes title and author indexes. 158. Pita Sevilla, Edgar; Peter C. Meier; and Pablo Samaniego Ponce. Bibliografa artesanal del Ecuador. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 56 p. 159. Pons E., Olga; and Marca Oviedo P. Catlogo colectivo de publicaciones peridicas en bibliotecas agrcolas del Ecuador. Quito: Asociacin Interamericana de Bibliotecarios y Documentalistas Agrcolas, Filial Ecuador, 1973. 285 p. 160. Restrepo G., Marco. Amazonia ecuatoriana: resea bibliogrfica comentada, 1950-1992. Quito: Centro de Investigacin de los Movimientos Sociales del Ecuador, 1992. 373 p. A major bibliography of materials on the Oriente. Annotated. 161. Resumenes analticos en educacin. 1/30 (ago./sept. 1981)-. Quito: CIPTE; REDUC, 1981-. The Ecuadorian equivalent of ERIC Resources in Education. 162. Rivera, Guillermo. A Tentative Bibliography of the Belles-Lettres of Ecuador. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Council on Hispano-American Studies, 1934. 76 p. The pioneering bibliography of Ecuadorian literature. See also items 166 and 199. 163. Rivet, Paul. Index bibliographique de lethnographe ancienne de lEquateur, in Ren Verneau and Paul Rivet, Ethnographie ancienne de lEquateur (item 1282), vol. 2, p. i-xli. Apparently the earliest bibliography of Ecuadorian antiquities. 164. Roca Gutirrez, Jaime. Bibliografa sobre planificacin urbana de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Direccin Regional Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, 1984. 2 p., 40 leaves. 165. Rolando, Carlos A. Apndice a un estudio bibliogrfico acerca de los escritos del Ilmo. Gonzlez Surez, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 5:18 (abr. 1928), 117-133. Supplements item 32. 166. Rolando, Carlos A. Las bellas letras en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. i Tall. Municipales, 1944. 157, xii p.

Arranged by Universal Decimal classification. Includes an author index. Supplemented and updated but not altogether superseded by Welch and Gutirrez (item 199). 167. Rolando, Carlos A. Bibliografa de Eloy Alfaro, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 5-69. 168. Rolando, Carlos A. Bibliografa mdica ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Benemrita Sociedad Filantropica del Guayas, 1953. 387, 55 p. 169. Rolando, Carlos A. Catlogo de la bibliografa nacional: (Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales de Carlos A. Rolando) Guayaquil: Impr. Mercantil, 1913. 135 p. 170. Rolando, Carlos A. Catlogo decimal de la Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1947. 268 p. 171. Rolando, Carlos A. Crnica del periodismo en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sociedad Filantrpica del Guayas, 1947. 1 v. (145 p.) A calendar of newspapers. Only vol. 1, 1792-1849, was published. But continued in item 172. 172. Rolando, Carlos A. Crnica del periodismo en el Ecuador: ao de 1850 a 1869, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 10:23/24 (1955), 55-94. 173. Rolando, Carlos A. Cronologa del periodismo ecuatoriano; Pseudnimos de la prensa nacional. Guayaquil: Impr. i Papelera Mercantil, 1920-1934. 2 v. Vol. 2 printed by: Impr. de la Sociedad Filantrpica del Guayas. Two works in one: 1) Rolandos first attempt at a chronology of the press, listing newspapers issued through Oct. 1920; 2) a key to pseudonyms used by journalists. See also items 175 and 419. 174. Rolando, Carlos A. Don Juan Montalvo, 1832-1932. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1932. 22 p. A bibliography. Organized chronologically. Updated by Plutarco Naranjo in item 146. 175. Rolando, Carlos A. Obras annimas y pseudnimas del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 186-223. 176. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. Bibliografa del P. Aurelio Espinosa Plit, S.I.: y resea de los crticos de sus obras. Quito: Edit. Don Bosco, 1961. 194 p. 177. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. Bibliografa [de Remigio Crespo Toral] Quito: Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua, 1957. x, 179 p. 178. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. La literatura ecuatoriana en las tesis doctorales de las universidades norteamericanas desde 1943 a 1985, Revista iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (jul./dic. 1988), 1011-1018. An annotated list of dissertations on literary authors and literature. Arranged chronologically. 179. Rosero Jcome, Rocio; and Jackeline Contreras. Bibliografa sobre la mujer en el Ecuador. Quito: ILDIS, 1988. 164 p.

180. Ruiz, Lucia; and Nancy Snchez. Pobreza urbana en el Ecuador: bibliografa nacional, 1 ed. Quito: UNICEF: CIUDAD, Centro de Investigaciones, 1994. 239 p. As of July 1997, the most comprehensive and up-to-date bibliography on urban poverty, especially in Guayaquil and Quito and the major secondary cities. 181. Ruiz, Silvana. Bibliografa seleccionada para el estudio de aspectos urbanos en el Ecuador: el caso de Quito. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1981. iv, 66 p. 182. San Cristval, Evaristo. Bibliografa, la controversia limtrofe entre el Per y el Ecuador. Lima: Librera e Impr. Gil, 1937. 113 p. Issued in fascicules. Therefore not all copies may be complete. A bibliography of studies and published sources on the boundary dispute between Ecuador and Peru. 183. San Martn Caro, Alejandro; and Rafael Caro. Relaciones peruano-ecuatorianas: gua bibliogrfica de las publicaciones existentes en las bibliotecas de acceso pblico de Lima. Lima: Centro Peruano de Investigaciones Internacionales, 1985. 62 p. A useful guide to materials on Ecuadorian and Peruvian relations in libraries open to the public in Lima, but not nearly as comprehensive as Juan Miguel Bkulas Per y Ecuador (item 15). 184. Schwab, Federico. Algunos peridicos desconocidos del Per, Ecuador y Bolivia, Fnix (Lima), 4 (2 sem. 1945), 894-909. 185. Sheppard, George. Bibliografa de la geologa del Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central, 46:276 (1931), 285-298. Lists 104 items. 186. Smith, Ronna. Prosa de Ortiz: bibliografa, Cultura, 6:16 (mayo/ago. 1983), 197210. A bibliography of the prose writings of Adalberto Ortiz (1914-). 187. Stols, Alexandre A.M. Historia de la imprenta en el Ecuador de 1755 a 1830. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. xv, 261 p. A model as well as comprehensive but not exhaustive bibliography of early Ecuadorian imprints (275 books and 29 periodicals). In this regard, it should be noted that there are a considerable number of pre-1831 publications in archives, libraries, museums, and private collections in Guayaquil, Cuenca, and elsewhere not seen by or known to Stols, who apparently limited his research to Quito. Nonetheless, it cannot be overemphasized that Stolss work is the most complete bibliography of early ecuatoriana that had been attempted as of July 1997. It is also technically sound. 188. Uhle, Max. Bibliografa ampliada sobre etnologa y arqueologa del Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 42:267 (1929), 53-83. Revises and updates item 189. 189. Uhle, Max. Bibliografa sobre etnologa y arqueologa del Ecuador, Anales de la

Universidad Central del Ecuador, 37:257 (jul./sept. 1926), 167-177. Describes 168 items. 190. Uribe, Maruja; Blanca Cecilia Salazar; and Margarita Hernndez. Bibliografa selectiva sobre desarrollo rural en el Ecuador. Bogot: Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrcolas, OEA, Oficina en Colombia, Biblioteca IICa, 1979. ii, 203 p. Broader in coverage than the title implies. Includes a directory of 121 organizations and lists 139 periodicals as well as 1,549 books and articles. 191. Vega y Vega, Wilson. Bibliografa de Dr. Julio Tobar Donoso. Quito: W. Vega y Vega, 1994. 181 p. Apparently encompasses Tobar Donosos complete output. Describes and analyzes 568 published books, articles (newspaper as well as periodical), prologues, and reviews in chronological order. 192. Vega y Vega, Wilson. Jos Mara Vargas: bibliografa, Memoria, Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Investigaciones Histricas y Geogrficas, 1 (1989-1990), 181-244. Registers 839 publications of Father Vargas in chronological order from 1925 through 1988. 193. Viajeros, cientficos, maestros: misiones alemanas en el Ecuador: Quito, Galeras Artes, septiembre-diciembre, 1989. Quito: Artes Centro Cultural: Proyecto EBI, 1989. 195 p. A catalog of an exhibit of books, pamphlets, and other materials. 194. Villavicencio, Csar. Anuario de la prensa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1893-1895. 3 v. Covers the years 1892-1894. 195. Vivar Correa, Vctor Len. Hombres y cosas del Ecuador: noticia de algunas publicaciones ecuatorianas, Revista ecuatoriana, 4:41 (mayo 1892), 199-208; 4:42 (jun. 1892), 217-225. 196. Watiunk, Karus; and Juan Bottasso. Bibliografa general de la nacin jvaro. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 192 p. Also: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1983. N.B. Abya-Yala is the successor to Mundo Shuar. 197. Watson, Gayle Hudgens. Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela: An Annotated Guide to Reference Materials in the Humanities and Social Sciences. Metuchen: Scarecrow Press, 1971. 279 p. Useful for works published through 1960s, including some not to be found here within. Registers and comments upon 894 articles, books, and periodicals. Arranged by subjects and within subject by author, including issuing corporate body. Ecuador is the least well covered, partly because of the relative lack of bibliographic production vis-avis Colombia and Venezuela, partly because the University of Texas at Austin and

Southern Methodist University in Dallas, where this work was done, had not collected systematically or well on Ecuador. Lacks a country index. 198. Welch, Thomas L. The Indians of South America: A Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Columbus Memorial Library, Organization of American States, 1987. xii, 594 p. 199. Welch, Thomas L.; and Ren L. Gutirrez. Bibliografa de la literatura ecuatoriana. Washington, D.C.: Biblioteca Coln, Organizacin de los Estados Americanos, 1989. xii, 291 p. Beware the pitfalls in this and the preceding item. Unpublished theses, for example, are described as though they were published works. Nonetheless, both list many important and sometimes obscure materials. 200. Wiles, Dawn Ann. Some Geographical Aspects of Ecuador: An Annotated Critical Bibliography of Periodical and Serial Literature. Baton Rouge: Institute of Latin American Studies, Louisiana State University, 1970. 50 p. A substantial register of pre-1970 articles on the geography of Ecuador.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY LA REPUBLICA (1830-) This section is given over to those works that treat one or more aspects of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including those that are concerned with developments of the late 1800s and the early 1900s. Once again I must stress that it was not always possible to assign studies to their proper chronological, regional, or thematic category on the basis of data base, especially library, subject headings. The subject headings economic conditions and social conditions, for example, utilized by the Library of Congress and academic libraries in the United States and elsewhere in the world to refer to works on economic and social history as well as to works on contemporary or recent economic and social developments are not always helpful and sometimes misleading, especially when said subject headings are not accompanied by chronological subdivisions. It does not help either when cataloguers, abstracters, and indexers utilize country wide subject headings instead of specifying the region, province, canton, city or town to which the study is delimited or with which it is primarily concerned. Therefore once again my apologies in advance to the reader for the inconvenience this may cause insofar as the occasional inappropriate assignation of materials is concerned and to authors such as Andrs Guerrero, whom I have come to hold in very high regard as a scholar, for scattering his studies unnecessarily all over this bibliography. His La semntica de la dominacin (item 1937), for example, properly belongs under Historia regional y estudios relacionados: Sierra centro-norte as do the majority of his other works.

1898. Abad Franco, Armando. Parteiensystem und Oligarchie in Ecuador. Berlin: ColloquiumVerlag, 1974. 283 p. A socioeconomic study of the party system and of the role played by the elite in national politics from the 1830s through the 1960s. 1899. Acosta Espinosa, Alberto. Breve historia econmica del Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995. 262 p. A survey of the economic history of the national period. 1900. Acosta Espinosa, Alberto. La deuda externa: una historia de la deuda externa ecuatoriana. Quito: Grupo de Trabajo sobre Deuda Externa y Desarrollo, ALOP-CAAPCECCA-CERG-CIUDAD, 1990. 386 p. A useful introduction to the history of the external debt from 1830 through 1990. Written for non-specialists. See also the 3 ed. rev. y actualizada: Quito: Edit. El Duende, 1990. 415 p.

1901. Araujo, Angel F. Episodios de campaa y relatos histricos. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1922. 68 p. The memoirs of a participant in the civil wars of 1882-1895. 1902. Arzaga, Rafael Mara. Labores legislativas, 1887-1909, recopilacin y notas de Carlos Arzaga Vega. Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1958. 352 p. Consists primarily of the authors speeches and participation in congressional debates and discussions. 1903. Armada del Ecuador. Una historia, una epopeya, un reto. Quito: Armada del Ecuador, 1981. 108 p. A history of the Navy. 1904. La Armada en imgenes, recopilacin y coordinacin, Jenny Estrada R. Guayaquil: Armada del Ecuador, Instituto de Historia Martima, 1987. 1 v. To the best of my knowledge, this set died with vol. 1. 1905. Arosemena, Guillermo. Ecuador, evolucin y bsqueda del despegue econmico, 18301938. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 378 p. A data rich but methodologically unsophisticated history of economic crises during the first 108 years of the national period. 1906. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Estudios sobre historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Tehis: Iadap, 1993. 152 p. A set of miscellaneous essays on various events and developments of the nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries. 1907. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Los partidos polticos en el Ecuador: sntesis histrica. Quito: Ediciones La Tierra, 1986. 83 p. An insightful review of the political history and of the political parties of Ecuador from the early nineteenth century through the recent present, with an emphasis on developments of the second half of the twentieth century, by a leading political historian. See also: 2 ed. actualizada. Quito: Ediciones La Tierra, 1989. 94 p. 1908. Azanza J., F. Alberto. La depreciacin monetaria en el Ecuador, Boletn del Ministerio del Tesoro (Quito), 1:2 (1945), 28-38. A quantitative study of the devaluation of the national currency between 1830 and 1943. 1909. Azanza J., F. Alberto. El presupuesto nacional a travs de 115 aos, Boletn del Ministerio del Tesoro (Quito), 2:5 (1946), 1-136. A quantitative study of the national budget, 1830-1945. 1910. Baca Bartelotti, Washington. Radiografa del Estado ecuatoriano, 1 ed. Quito: El Duende, 1991. 160 p. 1911. Banco del Ecuador. Historia de medio siglo, 1868-1918. Guayaquil: Impr. de El

Independiente, 1919. 232 p. On the Banks first half century. 1912. Barrera, Isaac J. De nuestra Amrica: hombres y cosas de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 164 p. Contents: Justificacin del libro; Introduccin a la historia y la literatura de la Repblica del Ecuador; Montalvo y Garca Moreno: dos hombres notables de Amrica; Federico Gonzlez Surez, el arzobispo historiador; Los poetas de 1910; Novelistas modernos. 1913. Blanksten, George I. Some Ecuadorian Constitutional Problems. 1949. iv, 535 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California at Los Angeles. A political history of the first 120 years of the national period. See also item 2346. 1914. Bonilla, Heraclio. Lecciones del endeudamiento externo en los pases andinos antes de la primera guerra mundial, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:5 (1989), 79-92. A comparative study of the Peruvian, Ecuadorian, and Bolivian experiences with external debt from independence through the eve of World War I. 1915. Borja, Luis Alberto. La huella de la historia. Guayaquil: Edit. Jourvin, 1935. 155 p. Contents: La huella de la historia; La cabalgata de las pasiones; La mdula de la sublevacin; En el ao de 1931; El arribo de los vencedores; Un ebanista notable; El carabinero (Enrique Barriga); Montalvo; Carlos Valdiviezo Chiriboga; El CXII aniverario del 21 de abril de 1822; Escuchen; Es as; El smbolo; La coronacin; Sigue la huella. 1916. Borrero, Manuel Mara. Reminiscencias histrico-liberales. Cuenca: G. Molina, 1957. 140 p. Only vol. one was published: El Ecuador y sus instituciones antes y despus de 1895. 1917. Carrin, Alejandro. Imgenes de la vida poltica del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1980. 133 p. Includes 118 coeval photographs of presidents and political events from the 1860s through the 1970s. 1918. Casanova Loor, Neptal. El centenario: homenaje al centenario de la Repblica, 18301930. Guayaquil: Impr. El Tiempo, 1930. 476 p. 1919. Los Centenarios de 1932, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 102-208. On the centennials of Ecuadors taking possession of the Galpagos, and of the births of Numa Pompilio Llona, Juan Montalvo, and Juan Len Mera. Includes essays by Efran Camacho Santos among others, and corresponding bibliographies compiled by Carlos A. Rolando. 1920. Correa Paredes, Julio. La economa de la repblica 1830-1980. Quito: Direccin General de Informacin, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1982. 102 p. A superficial review of the economic history of the first 150 years of the national period.

1921. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Estadsticas de sangre, Panoramas (Mxico, D.F.), 3:18 (1965), 69-102. An attempt to quantify civil strife from the 1830s through the mid 1960s. 1922. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Cien aos del Ecuador-Repblica, Amrica (Quito), 9:58 (nov./dic. 1934), 357-384. 1923. Crespo Toral, Remigio. La conciencia nacional y otros estudios sobre historia, seleccin y prlogo por el P. Julin Bravo. Quito: Grupo Aymesa, 1994. 568 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 11) Brings together almost all, of not all, of Crespo Torals publications on the independence period and on Garca Moreno. 1924. Chiriboga, Luca; and Silvana Caparrini. Identidades desnudas: Ecuador 1860-1920: la temprana fotografa del indio de los Andes, estudio introductorio Mathas L. Abram, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Taller Visual, 1994. 144 p. 1925. Deler, Jean-Paul. Transformaciones regionales y organizacin del espacio nacional ecuatoriano entre 1830 y 1930, Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 295353. A masterful survey of infrastructure and structural changes at the regional level and of the gradual integration of the nation as a country and as a state during the first 100 years of the republican period. 1926 La Deuda externa del Ecuador, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Francisco Swett. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981. 488 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 12) An anthology of position papers by Emilio Mara Tern, Antonio Flores, and Eloy Alfaro. 1927. Ecuador. Presidencia. Recopilacin de mensajes dirijidos por los presidentes y vicepresidentes de la Repblica, jefes supremos y gobiernos provisorios a las convenciones y congresos nacionales desde el ao de 1819 hasta nuestros das, por Alejandro Noboa. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo [etc.], 1900-1908. 5 v. Published the official messages of the heads of states to Congress and national conventions. Covers the years 1819-1906. 1928. El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia, 1830-1930, J. Gonzalo Orellana [editor]. Quito: Escuela Tipogrfica Salesiana, 1930. 2 v. A multi-authored history of the first century of the national period. Includes sections on the state of provinces, cantons, and cities (vol. 1, p. 295-438) and a section on La organizacin econmica de la repblica (vol. 1, p. 439-452) as well as a number of essays--here within listed separately--on political, diplomatic, military, cultural, and ecclesiastical events and developments. 1929. Elecciones y democracia en el Ecuador. Quito: Tribunal Supremo Electoral; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989-1990. 5 v.

Provides detailed analyses of elections and the electoral process from the 1830s through the 1980s. Contents: vol. 1, El Proceso electoral ecuatoriano (186 p.); vol. 2, Los Partidos polticos en el Ecuador (350 p.); vol. 3, Los Resultados electorales en Ecuador (294 p.); vol. 4, Anlisis de los procesos electorales (230 p.); vol. 5, Legislacin electoral ecuatoriana (291 p.). 1930. Escritores polticos. Puebla: Edit J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 694 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [16]) Consists of selections from the writings of Vicente Rocafuerte, Gabriel Garca Moreno, Antonio Borrero, Eloy Alfaro, Juan Benigo Vela, and Jos Peralta. 1931. Espinosa, Roque. Hacienda, comunidad y concertaje en el Ecuador, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 135-209. A ground breaking essay on economic and social relationships between haciendas, debt peonage, and Indian communities in the 1800s and early 1900s. 1932. Espinoza, Leonardo. La influencia de 1830 en el desarrollo republicano del Ecuador, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 229-258. A stimulating reexamination of demographic, economic, and political cycles and trends in postindependence Ecuador. See also the Crticas y comentarios thereupon (ibid., p. 259-275). 1933. Etnia, poder y diferencia, Jos Snchez-Parga [et al.]. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1990. 215 p. Consists of six essays, three by Jos Snchez-Parga, and the other three by Fernando Guerrero, Maxime Haubert, and Roberto Santana, respectively, on various aspects of relationships between the state and other power groups on the one hand and ethnic groups, especially indigenous, in the highlands on the other, during the national period. 1934. Fuentealba, Gerardo. La sociedad indgena en las primeras dcadas de la repblica: continuidades coloniales y cambios republicanos, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 45-77. A seminal essay on fiscal and labor exactions imposed on indigenes between 1830 and 1895, on how native Andeans governed themselves, on the question of communes, and on indigenous uprisings. Reflects some original research and considerable thought. 1935. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. Ensayo poltico sobre clases sociales y partidos polticos en el Ecuador. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, 1984. 238 p. 1936. Gonzlez Pez, Miguel Angel. Memorias histricas: gnesis del liberalismo, su triunfo y sus obras en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1934. viii, 638 p. An eyewitness account of the years 1867-1912. The author was a prominent member of the Partido Conservador. 1937. Guerrero, Andrs. La semntica de la dominacin: el concertaje de indios, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1991. 336 p.

Descriptive and interpretative but not hung up on paradigms. Instead Guerrero attempts to reconstruct the realities of life on the great estates of the northern highlands in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, especially insofar as peones conciertos and after the de jure but not de facto abolition of concertaje in 1918, huasipungeros are concerned. One of the critical points that Guerrero makes is that although conciertos/ huasipungeros were homologous juridically-one might almost say institutionally--their lifestyles, family situations, relationships with the patrn, socioeconomic status, etc. varied considerably, depending primarily on whether they were members of an ongoing community of a hacienda (large estate) or temporarily and individually attached, to a finca, quinta, cuadra, or huerto (medium or small estate). Guerrero also recognizes that situaciones sociales concretas of conciertos/huasipungeros varied spacially and temporally, and from hacienda to hacienda (regardless of size) or patrn to patrn inasmuch as there were good as well as bad masters. Based on field work (including oral interviews), archival research, appropriate literature (including theoretical), and records of large estates in the valleys of Cayambe, Chillos, and Quito. Supposed to have had al final de este libro las referencias documentales sobre los libros de hacienda utilized by Guerrero, but, unfortunately, the corresponding bibliography nowhere appears. Notwithstanding this editorial defect, a well written and argued, unusually informative, exceptionally insightful study that considerably advances knowledge and understanding of the rural history of the region during the period in question. 1938. Hidalgo, Daniel B. Evolucin poltica del Ecuador: estudio histrico-jurdico sociolgico de las constituciones de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1917. 145 p. 1939. Hurtado, Osvaldo. El poder poltico en el Ecuador, 9a ed. Quito: Letraviva-Edit. Planeta del Ecuador, 1993. xix, 417 p. An outstanding political history of the national period by one of the writer/makers of recent history. A professionally trained social scientist, Hurtado is also active in politics, having been a president of the country. This work is doubly important because Hurtado endeavored to establish a model of Ecuadors development based on endogenous experience rather than exogenous paradigm. This edition includes a new introductory essay and name and subject indexes. Originally published: Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1977. 312 p. The original Spanish edition was also published in a English version with revisions as: Political power in Ecuador, translated by Nick D. Mills, Jr., 1st English ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1980. xxvi, 398 p; and in an encore ed.: Boulder: Westview Press, 1985. xxxix, 398 p. For critical evaluations see: Enrique Ayala Mora, Felipe Burbano de Lara, and Simn Espinosa Corderos El poder poltico en el Ecuador, de Osvaldo Hurtado, vigsimo aniversario, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 10 (I sem. 1997), 107-122. 1940. Hurtado, Osvaldo. El sistema poltico en el Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 13, p. 99-167. A prcis of item 1939. 1941. Imgenes e imagineros: representaciones de los indgenas ecuatorianos, siglos XIX y XX, Blanca Muratorio, editora. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1994. 293 p.

An anthology of original essays that focus on the perception and description of indigenes on the one hand, and the reaction thereto and treatment thereof, on the other. A major contribution to the intellectual and political as well as social history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 1942. Iturralde G., Diego A. Nacionalidades indgenas y el Estado Nacional, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 13, p. 9-58. An insightful and thought provoking review of the various ways in which the state has sought to deal with the Indian problem from the Spanish conquest through the late-twentieth century-with an emphasis on the 1900s--and of efforts by various ethnic groups, especially in the highlands and the Oriente, to survive, and in the 1980s and 1990s, to reassert themselves as separate nationalities and therefore also as polities in their own right. 1943. Libro del sesquicentenario. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1980-1983. 4 v. An exceptionally important set on the first 150 years of the national period. Each vol. consists of separately authored essays on various aspects of politics and government, art and culture, and economic events and developments. Sometimes described separately although clearly conceived of and published as a whole. Vol. 4 includes author, subject, personal name, and place name indexes for the entire set. Contents: vol. 1, Poltica y sociedad: Ecuador, 1830-1980; vol. 2, Arte y cultura: Ecuador, 1830-1980; vol. 3-4, Economa: Ecuador, 1830-1980. 1944. Linke, Lilo. Ecuador, Country of Contrasts, 3rd ed. London: Oxford University Press, 1960. ix, 193 p. A perspicacious introduction to the history of and to mid-twentieth-century Ecuador and its peoples by a long time foreign resident. Has rightly became a classic. The first edition appeared in 1954. 1945. Macas, Washington. Ecuador, de la agroexportacin a la industrializacin asociada, 1830-1986. [Ecuador? <i.e., Quito>]: Ecuatextos, [1986?]. 134 p. (Coleccin Problemas socio econmicos del Ecuador) Notwithstanding the question marks that North American cataloguers have added to the country and year of publication, it is known that this book was published in Ecuador, in Quito to be specific, and it is highly probable that the year of publication was 1986. A crudely reproduced work; it looks like photocopy in places. More importantly it is a high school text--a not insignificant consideration that North American catalog records overlook. A somewhat useful outline of economic developments and events from Ecuadors separation from Colombia through the beginning of the Febres Cordero administration, nonetheless, notwithstanding Macass Marxist approach. 1946. Maier, Georg. Presidential Succession in Ecuador, 1830-1970, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 13:3/4 (July/Oct., 1971), 475-509. Delineates the succession of national leaders from 1830 through 1970. 1947. Maloney F., Gerardo. El negro y la cuestin nacional, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 13, p. 59-98. Attempts to establish the role of blacks in the history of Ecuador from the Spanish conquest

through the recent present. Reads more like a series of notes than an essay. 1948. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Breves apuntes sobre las monedas en el Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 317-341. Abstracts legislation of Colombia (1821-1830) and Ecuador (1831-1937) regarding emission, value, convertibility, and regulation of coinage. 1949. Moncayo, Abelardo. Aoranzas, introduccin por Po Jaramillo Alvarado. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1967. 2 v. Reprint; originally published: Quito, 1923. A convenient anthology of otherwise difficult to obtain, mostly ephemeral writings of a Liberal intellectual and collaborator of Eloy Alfaro. Contents: P. Jaramillo Alvarado, Don Abelardo Moncayo y su poca, (1923); El doctor Mariano Acosta (1894); Don Pedro Moncayo y don Pedro Carbo (1890); La jubilacin del historiador Cevallos (1890); La reparacin: el doctor Antonio Borrero C. (1892); Un drama en miniatura: Dn. Miguel Valverde; Doa Mercedes G. de Moscoso: Athos a Silvio (1887); El general Lamar (1899); Doa Marietta de Veintimilla (1889); El teatro en Imbabura (1881); Nuestra cuestin de lmites: rplica al Sr. Dr. Dn. Luis Cordero (1902); El concertaje de indios (1912); La excomunin en Manab: cartas dirigidas al Sr. Dr. Dn. Felicsimo Lpez; Montalvo civilizador (1915). 1950. Monroy Garaicoa, Gustavo. Apuntes para la historia de la Marina de Guerra del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 55-62. 1951. Moreno S., Rubn Daro. Ecuador, economa y poltica en el ltimo siglo. Quito: Facultad Ciencias Econmicas, [1984?] 123 p. A neo-Marxist analysis of cacao, banana, and petroleum cycles. 1952. Muoz, Julio H. Doctrinas militares aplicadas en el Ecuador: historia y pedagoga militar; El Ejrcito que el Ecuador necesita. Quito: Estado Mayor General, 1949. 254 p. Two works in one. 1953. Nacin, cultura nacional y literatura en el Ecuador, Adrin Carrasco V. [et al.]., Revista del IDIS, 16 (nov. 1986), 205-278. Examines the interaction between the formation of a national identity and literature in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Utilizes as examples Roberto Andrades Pancho Villamar (1900) and Luis A. Martnezs A la costa (1904). Also published in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 38 (dic. 1986), 9-74. 1954. Naranjo Puente, Hugo. Historia de la polica en el Ecuador, 1830-1956. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1956. 352 p. 1955. Nicol Lpez, Gerardo. Sntesis de la historia de la Repblica, 2 ed. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1980. 508 p. 1956. Nurse, Charles. Ecuador, The State, Industrial Relations and the Labour Movement in Latin America, edited by Jean Carrirre, Nigel Haworth, and Jacqueline Roddick (New York: St. Martins Press), p. 99-127.

A prcis of the history of the labor movement in Ecuador. Nurse argues that the influence of the government over labor increased in the 1970s, more so in the rural than in the urban sector, however, as a result of the petroleum boom and agrarian reform. 1957. Oberem, Udo. Contribucin a la historia del trabajador rural en Amrica Latina: conciertos y huasipungeros en Ecuador, Sarance, 6 (1978), 49-78. A detailed, well researched working paper on the history of debt peonage in Ecuador from the beginning of forced labor on rural estates in the 1530s through the 1950s. Interestingly enough Oberem does not appear to have been aware of Prez T.s Las mitas en la Real Audiencia de Quito (item 1469). Reprinted in item 607 and in: Peones, conciertos y arrendamientos en Amrica Latina, edicin de Jan Bazant [et al.] (Bogot: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1987), p. 47-90. 1958. Orellana, J. Gonzalo. Resumen histrico de la repblica, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1928), vol. 1, p. 23-168. 1959. Orellana, J. Gonzalo. Resumen histrico-poltico de la repblica, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1969), vol. 1, p. 7-144. Updates item 1958. 1960. Paltn Domguez, Leonor del Carmen. Ecuador 1830-Repblica 1967. Quito: Impr. Don Bosco, 1978. 312 p. Although a high school text, Sister Leonor del Carmens Ecuador is an useful introduction to the national period, given her comprehensiveness of coverage and relative impartiality. 1961. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Ecuador, la Repblica de 1830 a nuestros das, 6a ed. corr. y aumentada. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1979. 557 p. An idiosyncratic, ideologically biased interpretation of the national period. 1962. Pea Herrera, Juan. Historia de la aviacin ecuatoriana, 1842-1943. Quito: Edit. Quito, [1944]. 254 p. 1963. Peralta, Jos. El rgimen liberal y el rgimen conservador juzgados por sus obras. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1911. 156 p. Anti-Flores, Garca Moreno, Caamao, Flores Jijn, and Cordero. Pro-Alfaro. 1964. Prez Concha, Jorge. De la goleta Alcance al caonero Caldern. Guayaquil: Instituto de Historia Martima, Armada del Ecuador, 1987. 2 v. Highlights the history of the Navy from the wars for independence through the Peruvian invasion of 1941. 1965. Prez Merchant, Braulio. Las colonias siria, libanesa y palestina en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. Kaleda, 1931. 133 p. 1966. Pike, Frederick B. The United States and the Andean Republics: Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977. 493 p. A political and ideological history of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Peru, Bolivia, and

Ecuador--in that order--as well as a reconsideration of their relations with the United States. Insofar as Ecuador is concerned, Pike does not offer any new interpretations, but he does provide a useful digest of major developments for English-language readers. 1967. Prosistas de la Repblica. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 706 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [17]) Consists of selections from the writings of Vicente Solano, Jos Flix Valdivieso, Rafael Villagmez Borja, Benigo Malo, Francisco Javier Salazar, Antonio Flores, Jos Modesto Espinosa, Roberto Espinosa, Francisco Febres Cordero Muoz (better known as Hermano Miguel), Honorato Vzquez, and Alberto Muoz Vernaza. 1968. Quintero, Rafael; and Erika Silva. Ecuador, una nacin en ciernes, 2 ed. rev. y corr. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1995. 3 v. A superior analysis and interpretation of the political, economic. and social history of republican Ecuador, the historiography of which the authors themselves have enriched through their other studies as well as through the considerable original research and thought that went into the preparation of this work. Incorporates Quinteros 1978 doctoral thesis, Los partidos polticos en el Ecuador y la clase terrateniente en las transformaciones del Estado. Although Quinteros discussion of the class structure of pre-1895 Ecuador is less than desirable, he and Silva are to be commended for their detailed and comprehensive coverage of economic and social developments of the post-1895 years. Their depiction of the labor and peasant classes and movements is especially strong and richly textured, not that everyone will agree with their Marxist approach. Well indexed. 1 ed.: Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 3 v. 3 ed., rev. y corr. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1998. 3 v. 1969. Resumen histrico del Ecuador: 1830-1930, 1947, J. Gonzalo Orellana [editor]. Quito: Edit. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, 1948-1957. 3 v. Vol. 3 subtitled: Apuntaciones cronolgicas complementarias, 1947-1957. Almost a wholly new work, not just an update of: El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927). Includes additional authors as well as new essays. 1970. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Historia de la Repblica: esquema de ideas y hechos del Ecuador, al partir de la emancipacin. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1931. 331 p. Subsequently reworked and updated as the second volume of the authors Breve historia general (item 636). 1971. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. Manual de ciencia de hacienda y conceptos de derecho fiscal ecuatoriano, 4a ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1951-1952. 2 v. Although the first vol. is a treatise on the public exchequer in Europe and Latin America at large, it includes considerable data on the history of the public exchequer in Ecuador from 1830 through the 1940s, and the second is given over entirely to the evolution of the tax structure of the country. 1972. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Orgenes del Ecuador de hoy. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana; Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1964-1970. 8 v. in 10.

An exceptionally detailed political history of the nineteenth and early- twentieth centuries. Diachronic but multifaceted in coverage insofar as data are concerned. Traditional in approach and methodology, however. Unfortunately not indexed. Vol. 1, Nacimiento y primeros aos de la repblica, covers Floress first presidency; vol. 2, Rocafurete, 2 ed., the Rocafuerte years and Floress second and third terms; vol. 3, La reaccin anti-floreana, the Roca, Urbina, and Robles years; vol. 4, Garca Moreno, 2 ed., the Garca Moreno period; vol. 5, Borrero y Veintimilla (2 v.), the Borrero and Veintimilla years; vol. 6, Diez aos de civilismo, the Progressive period; and vols. 7, Eloy Alfaro y su primera poca (2 v.) and 8, El ocaso del viejo luchador, the Alfaro years. The first edition of Garca Moreno (Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1949) is generally considered the most objective account of the politics and the politicians of 1860-1875. See also Robalino Dvilas Apndice al libro Garca Moreno (Quito: L. Robalino Dvila, 1964). 1973. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Testimonio de los tiempos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1971. 303 p. A miscellany of Robalinos lesser writings on men and events of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Includes a useful summary of his opus magnus Orgenes del Ecuador de hoy (item 1972). 1974. Rodrguez, Linda Alexander. La poltica en el Ecuador, 1830-1925, Cultura, 9:26 (set./dic. 1986), 13-40. 1975. Rodrguez, Linda Alexander. The Search for Public Policy: Regional Politics and Government Finances in Ecuador, 1830-1940. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. xv, 281 p. A revision of her doctoral thesis: Ecuadors National Development: Government Finances and the Search for Public Policy, 1830-1940. 1981. University of California, Los Angeles. xvii, 403 leaves. A superior study of the politics and the political economy of the first 110 years of the national period. Also one of the very few studies that examines the role of regionalism in the political history of the post independence period systematically. Includes statistical appendixes. Chapters 5-6 have been published in Spanish as: La Reforma bancaria de la revolucin juliana y sus secuelas econmicas, 1926-1937, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:2 (1987), 11-101, has as the work as a whole: Las finanzas pblicas en el Ecuador (1830-1940). Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1992. 273 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; 4) 1976. Rolando, Carlos A. Anuario administrativo de la Repblica del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 260-296. A chronology of the constitutional assemblies and congresses, including extraordinary sessions, heads of state and ministers. 1977. Rolando, Carlos A. Obras pblicas ecuatorianas: cronologa de las obras pblicas, fiscales, municipales y particulares, llevadas a cabo desde la fundacin de la Repblica del Ecuador, mayo de 1830 hasta nuestros das. Guayaquil: Tall. Tip. de la Sociedad Filantrpica, 1930. 346 p. 1978. Rolando, Carlos A. Los presidentes del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones

Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 234-246. A chronology. 1979. Romero y Cordero, Remigio. El ejrcito en cien aos de vida republicana, 1830-1930. Quito: Centro de Estudios Histricos del Ejrcito Ecuatoriano, 1991. 491 p. (Biblioteca del Ejrcito Ecuatoriano; vol. 1) Reprint; originally published in: Ejrcito Nacional, 12:67 (1933), 7-210. Includes a critical analysis of the work by General Marcos Gndara Enrquez. There is also a 1980 reprint: Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil. 210 p. 1980. Roth, Karl Ernst. Das Heer von Ekuador, Zeitschrift fr Heereskunde, 48:312 (1984), 42-47; 48:313 (1984), 78-83. An overview of the history of the Ejrcito del Ecuador from its origins during the wars for independence through the recent present. 1981. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Los indios ecuatorianos: evolucin histrica y polticas indigenistas. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 226 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 18) Notwithstanding the title, much more a history of Ecuadorian policies towards and thought regarding Indians than of ethnic groups in Ecuador. Also Rubio Orbes final book. 1982. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. Gobernantes del Ecuador: (13 de mayo de 1830-20 de setiembre de 1932). Quito: Edit. Bolvar, 1932. 249 p. Although out-of-date as well as long since out-of-print, a classic as well as perennially useful reference work. 1983. Saint-Geours, Yves. La gense de lindustrie en Equateur, 1860-1914, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 13:3/4 (1984), 21-28. 1984. Saint-Geours, Yves. Quelques aspects de la vie conomique dEquateur de 1830 a 1930, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 9:3/4 (1980), 69-84. 1985. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Breve escorzo sobre historia del Ecuador y filatelia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 186-190. An introduction to the history of postage stamps, beginning with the first one issued in 1865. Includes 22 unnumbered pages of plates. 1986. Sevilla, Carlos Bolvar. Un siglo de vida republicana: rasgos y comentarios histricos. Ambato: Impr. Progreso, 1930. 52 p. 1987. Testimonios para la historia de la artesana ecuatoriana en el trnsito al capitalismo, estudio introductorio a cargo de Milton Luna Tamayo, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:2 (1987), 185-329. A useful compilation of sources materials on artisans and craftsmen, especially in Quito and Guayaquil, during the late-nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century.

1988. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El indio en el Ecuador independiente. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1992. xi, 554 p. Primarily a study of legislation affecting as well as governing indigenes, especially laws relating to tithing, debt peonage, and agrarian reform, and of Indian institutions such as the cabildo de indios and comunas. 1989. Vacas Galindo, David. Apuntes histricos del telgrafo nacional. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1934. 36 p. An essay on the history of the telegraph system in Ecuador. 1990. La Vida de cada da: el Ecuador en avisos, 1822/1939, volumen realizado bajo la supervisin de Irving Ivn Zapater, 1 ed. en castellano. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 281 p. Chiefly ill. (Coleccin imgenes; vol. 8) Not simply a pictorial history of advertising in/on Ecuador but a revealing compilation of how the country was depicted at home and abroad. The illustration are also useful, to some extent, as depictions of the material culture of everyday life. 1991. Vivar Cueva, T. El comercio ecuatoriano en cien aos de vida autnoma: acotaciones al margin del movimiento econmica realizado en la Repblica, desde el ao 1830 hasta nuestros das, El Ecuador comercial, 83 (mayo 1930). 1 v. (not paginated) A special issue of El Ecuador comercial. 1992. Whitaker, Arthur P. The United States and South America: the Northern Republics. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1948. xx, 280 p. Insofar as Ecuador is concerned, replaced but not altogether superseded by item 1966. Also important as a statement as to how Ecuador has been perceived by North American Latin Americanists. 1993. Wiles, Dawn Ann. Land Transportation within Ecuador, 1822-1954. 1971. vii, 276 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Louisiana State University. A useful survey. 1994. Ypez, Manuel A. Captulos: apuntes varos, 1830-1942. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1945. 441 p. Consists of miscellaneous essays on events and developments, politics and personages of the national period.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

SIGLO XIX (1830-1895) As of the late 1990s, the most important books on the years 1830-1895 were: Enrique Ayala Moras Lucha poltica y origen de los partidos (item 2007); Manuel Chiribogas Jornaleros y gran propietarios (item 5946); Gonzalo Ortz Crespos La incorporacin del Ecuador al mercado mundial (item 2143); Rafael Quintero and Erika Silvas Ecuador, una nacin en ciernes (item 1968); and Linda Alexander Rodrguezs The Search for Public Policy (item 1975). All five of these books broke new ground thematically; each reflected original research as well as a substantial grasp of the appropriate literature; and each added substantially to knowledge and interpretation of the period and topics covered. N.B. Quintero and Silvas Ecuador, una nacin en ciernes (item 1968) incorporated Quinteros not separately published doctoral thesis, Los partidos polticos en el Ecuador y la clase terrateniente en las transformaciones del Estado. The most detailed work on the nineteenth century was and may still be Luis Robalino Dvilas Orgenes del Ecuador de hoy (item 1972). Only a few major sets of primary sources appear to have been published on the first sixty-five years of the republican period. In chronological order, they are: the acts of the constituent assembles and national congresses of the 1830s (items 2059-2065); the more or less annual reports of the ministers of state (for an introduction to and list of which see item 360); the correspondence and collected works of Vicente Rocafuerte (items 2171 and 2172); and the letters and other writings of Gabriel Garca Moreno (items 2083 and 2087). Item 2087 includes Garca Morenos speeches. See also Antonio Borreros Refutacin del libro del Rvdo. Padre A. Berthe titulado Garca Moreno, presidente del Ecuador, vengador y mrtir del derecho cristiano (item 3080). Although none of the nineteenth-century presidents left an account of their administrations, at least their speeches to the constituent assemblies and Congress were eventually published (see item 1927). Furthermore, three of the presidents (Vicente Rocafuerte, Antonio Borrero [item 3080], Antonio Flores [item 2079]) provided us with accounts of their views on the politics of their opponents, predecessors, or successors. Of course, some of the works in question amount to diatribes such as Rocafuertes A la nacin (item 2170). Two other accounts that appear to be important are: Antonio Borreros La revolucin del 8 de septiembre de 1876 en el Ecuador (Lima: Tipografa de La Sociedad, 1877); and Teodoro Gmez de la Torres La carrera de mi vida (Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1920). Borreros La revolucin del 8 de septiembre de 1876 opens with a recapitulation of the national developments since 1845 and the emergence of Urbina, whom Borrero attacks. He slights Garca Morenos presidencies, but exalts his person, and scorches Veintemilla and his dictatorship. The

latter is not surprising inasmuch as Veintemilla overthrew Borrero. Gmez de la Torre was a career Army officer and an active politician, a common enough combination in the nineteenth century. He was also a liberal. Gmez de la Torres memoirs, posthumously published by Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn, cover the years 1828-1876, and constitute an important account, sometimes as an insider, sometimes as an outsider, of the tumultuous years in question. It should also be noted that there is a much more substantial body of pamphlet literature from the 1800s than appears here within or that has ever been registered.

1995. El 25 de julio de 1867 en Quito. Quito: Manuel Rivadeneira, 1867. 29 p. Signed: Unos Republicanos. 1996. Ackerman, Samuel. The Trabajo Subsidiario: Compulsory Labor and Taxation in Nineteenth-Century Ecuador. 1977. ii, 220 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University. 1997. Aguilar, Pedro T. El Ecuador de 1825 a 1875 por P.M.: refutacin. Guayaquil: Impr. Nacional, 1886. 132 p. Glosses and critiques the first edition of Pedro Moncayos El Ecuador de 1825 a 1875 (Santiago de Chile, 1885). 1998. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. La transformacin poltica de 1845, Tres de noviembre, nueva ser., 97/98 (feb./mar. 1945), 81-104; 99/101 (abr./jun. 1945), 98-124; 107 (jun. 1947), 8491. Emphasizes developments in Cuenca. 1999. Alfaro, Eloy. Deuda gordiana, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1896. 84 p. Regarding the external debt. 2000. Andrade, Roberto. Seis de agosto, o sea, Muerte de Garca Moreno. Portoviejo: Colegio Olmedo, 1896. viii, 415 p. 2001. Arboleda, Pacfico E. El combate naval de Jaramij referido por don Eloy Alfaro: refutacin. Guayaquil: Impr. Nacional, 1885. 88 p. 2002. Arboleda, Pacfico E. La renuncia del senador por la Provincia de Esmeraldas Dn. Toms Moncayo Avelln hecha ante sus electores. Guayaquil: Impr. Nacional, 1885. 36 p. 2003. Arciniegas, Germn. Montalvo y Garca Moreno en la Amrica del siglo XIX, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 335-345. 2004. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Fundacin del Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano, Revista de historia de Amrica, 99 (ene./jun. 1985), 27-40. 2005. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Gabriel Garca Moreno y la gestacin del Estado Nacional en Ecuador, Cultura, 4:10 (mayo/ago. 1981), 141-174. 2006. Ayala Mora, Enrique. La fundacin de la Repblica: panorama histrico (1830-1859),

Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 143-195. A solid survey of the first three decades of the Republic. 2007. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Lucha poltica y origen de los partidos en Ecuador, 4 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 371 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 4) A social scientific study of politics, the State, and the Conservative and Liberal Parties between 1822 and 1895. A superb political history. 2008. Ayala Mora, Enrique. El municipio en el siglo XIX, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 1 (II sem. 1991), 69-86. A suggestive review of the role of the municipality in the early national period. 2009. Ayala Mora, Enrique; and Rafael Cordero Aguilar. El perodo garciano: panorama histrico (1860-1875), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 197-235. Takes up where item 2006 leaves off. About as objective an evaluation of the Garca Moreno period as anyone is likely to achieve. 2010. Ayora A., Jorge. La primera emisin de sellos postales del Ecuador, 1865-1872. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 97 p. 2011. Barrera, Isaac J. El Ecuador en 1844, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:63 (ene./jun. 1944), 5-10. 2012. Bernal, Sixto Juan. El General Urbina y sus proyectos contra el pas. Guayaquil: S.J. Bernal, 1864. 37 p. 2013. Borrero, Antonio. Correspondencia del Dr. Antonio Borrero C. con el Dr. Mariano Cueva, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 28 (jul. 1937), 378390; 29 (oct. 1937), 9-22. From 8 Mar. 1875 through 7 Jan. 1879. See also item 2038. 2014. Borrero Vega, Antonio. La revolucin de Cuenca contra Garca Moreno, 1869, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 13:44 (ene. 1969), 79-97. 2015. Bromley, Rosemary D.F.; and R.J. Bromley. The Debate on Sunday Markets in Nineteenth-Century Ecuador, Journal of Latin American Studies, 7:1 (May 1975), 85-108. During the colonial period markets were usually held on Sunday. During the 1860s, they were increasingly held on weekdays, partly for economic reasons, partly for political reasons, partly for religious reason. A cogent and insightful study. Also published in Spanish as: Cambios de los das de fera en la sierra central del Ecuador durante el siglo XIX, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 5:9 (jun. 1976), 7-32. 2016. Carbo, Pedro. Mensaje del Jefe Supremo de la Provincia del Guayas a la Convencin Nacional y decretos expedidos por el mismo. Guayaquil: Impr. de Gmez Hnos., 1883. 37 p. 2017. Carbo, Pedro. Obras. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 402 p. An exceptionally useful compilation inasmuch as the majority of the writings of Carbo are

individually very difficult to obtain. Contents: Vindicacin de Pedro Carbo; El concordato y el Concejo Cantonal de Guayaquil; El concordato ecuatoriano: defensa del poder temporal; La Repblica y la Iglesia y defensa de la exposicin del Concejo Cantonal de Guayaquil; Exclusin del doctor Gabriel Garca Moreno del Senado del Ecuador en la sesin del 24 de agosto de 1867; Pginas de la historia del Ecuador; Biografa de Olmedo; Estudio sobre el proyecto del canal interocenico a travs del Istmo de Panam; A fojas una desde 1881; Mensaje del Jefe Supremo de la Provincia del Guayas a la Convencin Nacional; Biografa del ilustre ecuatoriano D. Vicente Rocafuerte; La declaracin de los derechos del hombre, su origen y sus fundamentos. 2018. Carbo, Pedro. Pginas de la historia del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de Ezequiel Gmez, 1878. 50 p. Regarding the revolution of Sept. 8, 1876. 2019. Castillo, Jos Abel. Proceso del Esmeralda, 3 ed., corr. y aum. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. ii, xi, 121 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Guayaquil, 1896. 2020. Castro, Julio. La compra-venta del crucero Esmeralda. Quito: La Novedad, 1895. 58 p. 2021. Castro, Julio. Cuaspud: un diario histrico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 33:81 (ene./jun. 1953), 80-104. The author was paymaster of the Ecuadorian Army. 2022. Causa criminal seguida contra el seor coronel Antonio Hidalgo, primer jefe que fue de la Brigada de Artillera Sucre, por varias infracciones. Guayaquil: Impr. Nacional, 1887. 216 p. 2023. Cevallos, Pedro Fermn. Aclaracin comprobada sobre la poltica del seor Dr. Vicente Rocafuerte, relativa a varias apreciaciones inecsactas de ella: el Resumen de la historia del Ecuador, tomo quinto. Guayaquil: Impr. del Guayas, por Atanasio Merino, 1874. 94 p. Cevallos corrects what he had to say about Rocafuerte in vol. 5 of his Resumen de la historia del Ecuador (item 554). 2024. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Entonces fue el Ecuador. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1942. 278 p. Primarily an analysis of the Garca Moreno years. Subsequently referred to by the author himself as muy derechista e incompleto ... Superseded by item 3120. 2025. Cevallos Salvador, Pedro Jos. El Dr. Pedro Moncayo y su folleto titulado El Ecuador de 1825 a 1875, sus hombres, sus instituciones y sus leyes ante la historia. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1887. vi, 219 p. A harsh as well as biased criticism of Moncayos work (item 2127), but important because Cevallos Salvador was a prominent politician and therefore provides data and views, albeit divergent from those of Moncayo, of an insider.

2026. Contestacin a los libelitas del bando ministerial. Quito: Impr. de M. Rivadeneira y Ca., 1848. 11 p. Signed and dated at end: La Oposicin. Setiembre 30 de 1848. 2027. El Contrabando de Esmeralda: absolucin al Gobierno. Quito: Impr. La Novedad, 1898. 94 p. Defense attorneys brief, testimonies, and court findings in the case of the Esmeralda transaction. 2028. Cordero, Benigno. Apuntamientos sobre la Expedicin del Sur. Quito: Fundicin de Tipos de M. Rivadeneira, 1884. 120 p. First hand account of and official communiques regarding the 1884 campaign of Generals Francisco Javier Salazar and Reinaldo Flores. 2029. Cordero, Benigno. Defensa del ex-Intendente de Polica de Guayaquil, teniente coronel don Benigno Cordero, respecto a su comportamiento en los aciagos das del 23, 24 y 25 de enero de 1888. Loja: Impr. del Clero, 1890. 77 p. 2030. Cordero, Luis. Cartas al Sr. don Juan Len Mera, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, 13 (jul. 1932), 243-292. Correspondence from 24 Mar. 1868 through 3 Nov. 1894. 2031. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. De potencia a potencia: captulo de historia en el cual se ve como el seor doctor don Manuel Vega devolvi la Gobernacin del Azuay al Presidente de la Repblica, don Gabriel Garca Moreno. Cuenca: Universidad del Azuay, 1922. 40 p. 2032. Cornejo, Jorge. Rocafuerte y su obra penitenciaria, Revista del derecho social ecuatoriano, 16/19 (ene./dic. 1959), 146-153. 2033. Cornejo, Rafael Federico. La conspiracin del 6 de agosto en Quito. Ipiales, 1875. 18 p. 2034. Coronel, Valeria. Repensando la tradicin y la diferencia, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 83-89. A commentary on Hernn Ibarras Nos encontramos amenazados por todita la indiada (item 2103). 2035. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Garca Moreno y un episodio de la cuestin peruanoecuatoriana, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 33/34 (abr. 1939/ago. 1940), 50-79. Examines Garca Morenos role in the Peruvian invasion and occupation of Guayaquil (18591860). 2036. Crespo Toral, Remigio. La revolucin contra Espinosa, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 31 (abr. 1938), 269-274. Pro-Garca Moreno. 2037. Criminal seguido de oficio para descubrir ocultadores o sustractores de los restos del gran Mariscal de Ayacucho seor general D. Antonio Jos de Sucre [1895], ARNAHIS, 13:19

(mar. 1973), 112-127. 2038. Cueva, Mariano. Cartas del Dr. Mariano Cueva, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 27 (mar. 1937), 234-252. Letters to Antonio Borrero from 3 Oct. 1848 through 28 Feb. 1869. See also item 2014. 2039. Cultura poltica e Iglesia: fray Vicente Solano y la formacin del estado nacional ecuatoriano. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay; Universidad de Cuenca, 1996. 525 p. Contents: Gustavo Vega-Delgado, Presentacin; Mara Cristina Crdenas Reyes, Introduccin; Luis Alberto Luna Tobar, El pensamiento de Solano y su influjo en la historia poltica de su tiempo; Miguel Daz Cueva, Fray Vicente Solano y su interaccin con la Iglesia; and Mara Cristina Crdenas Reyes, Fray Vicente Solano y la formacin del estado nacional ecuatoriano. 2040. Chiriboga, J. El Ecuador y Garca Moreno: una pgina para la historia de esa repblica. Valparaiso: Impr. Patria, 1869. 70 p. 2041. Deas, Malcolm. Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador: the First Half Century of Independence, Cambridge History of Latin America, edited by Leslie Bethell, vol. 3 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), p. 507-538, 879-886. An essay on the early history of the national period. The second part is a bibliographic essay. See also item 57. 2042. Delgado R., M.A. La dinasta Mastuerzo. Guayaquil: Litogr. e Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 99 p. Reprint; originally published: Lima: La Epoca, 1888. 2043. Demlas, Marie-Danielle; and Yves Saint-Geours. Una revolucin conservadora de fundamento religioso: el Ecuador (1809-1875), Estados y naciones en los Andes, hacia una historia comparativa: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Per, J.P. Deler y Y. Saint-Geours, compiladores (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos; Instituto Francs de Estudios Andinos, 1986), vol. 2, p. 437-453. A thoughtful review of the role of the Catholic Church and of religious beliefs and ideologies in the political history of the early national period. See also the Debate sobre la ponencia de: Marie-Danielle Demlas, Yves Saint-Geours ..., ibid., p. 455-462, with commentaries by Germn Colmenares, Jean Piel, Nelson Manrique, Mario Rabey, Thierry Saignes, Manuel Burga, Henri Favre, and Ren Arze, and replies by Demlas and Saint-Geours. 2044. Destruge, Camilo. El Batalln Girandot, despus Flores, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:38 (oct./dic. 1913), 209-219; 3:39 (ene./feb. 1914), 225-229. The history of the Battalion and its uprising against the President in 1832. 2045. Destruge, Camilo. La carta del Gran Capitn: refutacin y anlisis de una de las cartas dirigidas por el Gran Capitn a S.E. el Presidente de la Repblica. Guayaquil: La Bandera

Nacional, 1895. 42 p. 2046. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador, la Expedicin Flores: proyecto de monarqua americana, 1846-47. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1906. iv, 55 p. Relacin histrica por un viejo liberal. 2047. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador, estudios histricos. Guayaquil: Impr. Sucre, 1912. 200 p. 2048. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador, estudios, relaciones y episodios histricos. Guayaquil: Edit. El Vigilante, 1907. vi, 269 p. This and the preceding item (2047) consist of essays on various episodes, aspects, and personages of the nineteenth century. 2049. Destruge, Camilo. Los guatusos, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:14 (abr. 1911), 213-223. On the montoneros of 1865-1866. 2050. Destruge, Camilo. Naves histricas: el vapor Chile, despus Machala, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:18 (ago. 1911), 277-285. 2051. Destruge, Camilo. Naves histricas: la fragata Colombia, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:16 (jun. 1911), 245-254; 2:17 (jul. 1911), 262-269. 2052. Destruge, Camilo. Naves histricas: incendio del Washington, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1:6 (ago. 1910), 83-92. 2053. Destruge, Camilo. Proceso sobre la muerte del coronel Francisco Jado, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1:4 (jun. 1910), 50-58. Jado was one of the victims of Otamendi. 2054 Destruge, Camilo. La sublevacin del Vargas, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:40 (mar./abr. 1914), 241-248. Regarding the 1831 rebellion of the Vargas Column. 2055. Documentos, [editados por] Samuel Guerra B. [y transcritos por Juan Freile Granizo], Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 299-538. Major compendium of previously unpublished materials from 1830, especially correspondence of Juan Jos Flores. 2056. Documentos que manifiestan la inicua revolucin acaudillada por Eloy Alfaro y sostenida por Francisco Ruz Sandoval, los Cerezos y dems montoneros. Guayaquil, 1887. 36 p. 2057. Duncan, Roland E. William Wheelwright and Early Steam Navigation in the Pacific, 1820-1840, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 32:2 (Oct. 1975), 257-281. Wheelwright, the North American consul in Guayaquil between 1825 and 1829, played a major role in the introduction of steamships to Ecuador and Peru.

2057. Ecuador. Documentos relativos al ramo de tabaco: estancado por la lejislatura de 1837 y desestancado por el poder ejecutivo en 1838. Guayaquil: Impr. de M.J. Murillo, 1838. 27 p. 2059. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del Congreso constitucional del Ecuador (ao 1839): precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1893-1894. 2 v. 2060. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del Congreso constitucional del Ecuador, ao de 1837: precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1892. 2 v. 2061. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del Congreso ecuatoriano de 1831: precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1888. lxxxviii, 212 p. 2062. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del Congreso ecuatoriano de 1832: precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1890. l, 214 p. 2063. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del Congreso ecuatoriano de 1833: precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1891. lxxxi, 191 p. 2064. Ecuador. Congreso Nacional. Actas del primer Congreso Constituyente del Ecuador (ao de 1830): precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1893. xcv, 160 p. Reprinted as: Discurso introductorio y actas del primer Congreso Constituyente del Ecuador, ao de 1.830. Quito: Centro de Estudios Histricos del Ejrcito, 1998. 261 p. (Biblioteca del Ejrcito Ecuatoriano; vol. 15) Includes a new introductory study: Discurso introductorio sobre la Constitucin Ecuatoriana de 1830: descripcin de antecedentes y del ambiente en que fue promulgada by Marcos Gndara Enrquez. 2065. Ecuador. Convencin Nacional (1835). Actas de la Convencin Nacional del Ecuador, ao de 1835: precedidas de una introduccin histrica, por Francisco Ignacio Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1891. ccxxiii, 177 p. Items 2059-2065 are basic sources for the study of the political history of the 1830s. Also they appear to be the only compendia of congressional and constitutional assembly sessions prior to 1885 to have been published, but extensive reports of congressional activities may be seen in the Registro oficial, for a guide to the titles and dates of publication of which see items 360 and 361. The editors introductions include additional source material (e.g., addresses by the President to Congress). See also item 2176. 2066. El Ecuador de 1848 a la luz de documentos inditos del Quai DOrsay, Cultura, 9:25 (mayo/ago. 1986), 385-408. 2067. El Ecuador y el Dr. Pedro Moncayo: ad majus diaboli gaudium. Quito: Impres por J. Sanz, 1871. 30 p. Signed at end: Los Ecuatorianos.

2068. Elas Murgua, Julio J.; and Armando Nieto Velez. Conflicto peruano-ecuatoriano 18581859, Historia martima del Per, t. 6, vol. 2 (Lima: Edit. Ausonia, 1976), p. 465-678. The most complete study to date of Ramn Castillas invasion and occupation of Guayaquil. Well documented and illustrated. 2069. Espinosa, Jos Modesto. Cartas al seor Juan Len Mera, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, 13 (jul. 1932), 105-145. Correspondence from 3 Jan. 1873 through 21 Dec. 1894. 2070 Espinoza, Leonardo. La influencia de 1830 en el desarrollo republicano del Ecuador, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 229-258. See also the discussion of Espinosas ponencia by Juan Cordero and others in ibid., p. 259-275. 2071. Estrada Carmona, Emilio. La campaa de los chapulos de 1884. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 44 p. 2072. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Los bancos del siglo XIX, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1976. xvii, 323 p. A detailed study of banks and other financial institutions founded in the 1800s. Does not stop with the turn of the century but continues coverage through the demise of the Banco Comercial y Agrcola in 1926. 2073. Fernndez L., Jorge; and David Loyola. Gnesis y constitucin de la burguesa agroexportadora en el Ecuador y su lucha por el poder en el siglo XIX, Revista del IDIS, 6 (1979), 257-304. An essay on the emergence of the landed bourgeoisie and its struggle to dominate national politics during the nineteenth century. Somewhat tendentious. 2074. Flor Vsconez, Jos L. La primera constitucin del Ecuador, 1830, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 171-194. 2075. Flores, Antonio. La conversin de la deuda anglo-ecuatoriana, estudio introductorio de Eduardo Santos Alvite. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1979. 378 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 3) Reprints the 2 ed corr. y aum.: Quito: Impr del Gobierno, 1890. 81, 140 p. A solid study of the external debt in the 1800s. See also the following item. 2076. Flores, Antonio. Crdito y derecho pblico. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1890. 46, 48 p. On the external debt of the state, how to finance the Ferrocarril del Sur, and Chinese immigration (which Flores opposed). 2077. Flores, Antonio. Documentos justificados de su manifiesto sobre su ninguna ingerencia en el asunto Esmeraldas con un apndice. Paris: Impr. Garnier, 1895. 11 p. 2078. Flores, Antonio. Don Eloy Alfaro refutado por documentos autnticos. New York, 1886. 38 p.

2079. Flores, Antonio. Para la historia del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Catlica, 1891. xv, 250, 278, 14, xvi, [55] p. Refutes Marieta de Veintemillas Pginas del Ecuador (item 2205) and Eloy Alfaros verbal attacks on the government. Extensively documented. 2080. Flores, Reinaldo. La campaa de la costa: dirigida por Reinaldo Flores, Comandante en Jefe de Operaciones de las fuerzas del litoral, para debelar la revolucin injustificable encabezada por el seor Eloy Alfaro, en noviembre de 1884. Guayaquil: Impr. de Calvo y C., 1885. 206 p. 2081. Flores, Reinaldo. Parte general de la campaa y combate de Esmeraldas y documentos anexos a dicha parte. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1886. 35 p. 2082. Garca G., Eugenio. Numismtica ecuatoriana: las monedas de un cuarto de 1842 y de 1843, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2:4/5 (ago. 1952), 65-78. 2083. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas de Garca Moreno, [recopiladas por] Wilfrido Loor. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1953-1955. 4 v. The printer varies. The publisher was Loor himself. An exceptionally important source of data on political and other events of 1848-1875. Also published in a 2 ed.: Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1956-1966. 2084. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas de Garca Moreno al Dr. Antonio Borrero, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 6 (mayo 1922), 146-166; 31 (abr. 1938), 210-231. Correspondence from 22 Dec. 1858 through 23 Apr. 1864, and from 29 Dec. 1858 through 30 Apr. 1870. Published by Alberto Muoz Vernaza. 2085. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas de Garca Moreno al Dr. Manuel Vega, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 2 (abr. 1921), 126-146; 3 (jun. 1921), 257-264; 4 (sept. 1921), 334-342; 5 (nov. 1921), 31-37. Correspondence from 16 Mar. 1861 through 13 Sept. 1864. 2086. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Cartas polticas de Garca Moreno a don Carlos Ordez Lazo: 1860-1873, [edicin de] Alfonso Ordez Mata. Cuenca: Tip. Alianza, 1923. vi, 262 p. 2087. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Escritos y discursos de Gabriel Garca Moreno, recopilados y publicados por la Sociedad de la Juventud Catlica; prlogo de Juan Len Mera; 2 ed. aum. y anotada por Manuel Mara Plit Laso. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Nacionales, 1923. 2 v. Originally published: Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1887-1888. 2 v. Plit Laso also annotated the first edition. 2088. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Garca Moreno y el General Salazar, introduccin y notas por Francisco Salazar Alvarado, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 187-234. Consists of sixty-five previously unpublished letters from Garca Moreno to Francisco Javier Salazar from 1864-1873.

2089. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. La verdad a mis calumniadores. Piura, 1854. 16 p. 2090. Gabriel Garca Moreno, o, La verdad contra sus calumniadores. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1854. 24 p. An anonymous response to item 2089. 2091. Gimeno Gmez, Ana. Juan Jos Flores en Espaa: algunos antecedentes de la tentativa de expedicin del ex-presidente del Ecuador en 1846, Cultura, 9:25 (mayo/ago. 1986), 23-45. 2092. Gimeno Gmez, Ana. Una tentativa monrquica en Amrica: el caso ecuatoriano. Quito: Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 496 p. (Coleccin histrica; 18) A detailed, well researched, solidly documented work on Juan Jos Floress project to convert Ecuador into a monarchy in 1846. Originally presented as the authors 1984 doctoral thesis at the Universidad de Valladolid: La expedicin del general Flores al Ecuador en 1846. 2093. Gold, Robert L. Negro Colonization Schemes in Ecuador, 1861-1864, Phylon, 30:3 (Fall 1969), 303-316. 2094. Guerrero, Andrs. Una imagen ventrlocua: el discurso liberal de la desgraciada raza indgena a fines del siglo XIX, Imgines e imagineros (item 1940), p. 197-252. A thoughtful and thought provoking analysis of the image of the Indian race and of the Indian problem in the liberal literature of the late nineteenth-century, beginning with Pedro Fermn Cevallos Resumen de la historia del Ecuador (item 553). 2095. Guerrero, Andrs. Naissance des bourgeoisies latino-amricaines au XIXe sicle: le cas de lEquateur, Annales, conomies, socits, civilisations, 35:6 (nov./dc. 1980), 1171-1193. 2096. Guerrero, Juan Agustn. Imgenes del Ecuador del siglo XIX, textos e investigacin, Wilson Hallo. Quito: Ediciones del Sol; Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1981. 178 p. Coeval water colors and black and white sketches, including cartoons, of daily life in the 1860s and 1870s. 2097. Guerrero Martnez, Alberto. La deuda externa del Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1:3 (jul./sept. 1930), 418-454. Focuses on the external debt of the 1800s. 2098. Hamerly, Michael T. Trayectoria martima del Ecuador, 1830-1859. Quito: Comandancia General de Marina, 1977. 21 p. Examines demographic and economic as well as political and maritime developments of the early national period. 2099. Haskins, Ralph W. Juan Jos Flores and the Proposed Expedition Against Ecuador, 1845-1847, Hispanic American Historical Review, 27:3 (Aug. 1947), 467-495. A detailed, objective study of the former presidents efforts to enlist men, money, munitions, ships, and the support of various European governments, especially those of Spain and France, to mount a filibustering expedition against his adopted country.

2100. Hassaurek, Friedrich. Arbitrariedades de Garca Moreno, a raz de la batalla de Jambel, ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 35-38. Publishes two 1865 dispatches by Hassaurek, the American ambassador to Ecuador, regarding the excesses of Garca Moreno following the battle of Jambel. Includes a prefatory note by Robert E. Norris. 2101. Heredia, Jos Flix. El saln de sesiones en el Congreso Constituyente de 1830, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 5 (nov. 1921), 1-21. 2102. Huerta, Pedro Jos. La querella entre Rocafuerte y la Corte Superior de Justicia, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 5:15 (dic. 1955), 117-155; 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 3-58; 9/10:25/26 (ene. 1959-dic. 1960), 81-106. An essay regarding the debate between Rocafuerte, then governor of the Province of Guayaquil, and the Superior Court of Guayaquil over the redemption of debased coinage in the 1840s. 2103. Ibarra, Hernn. Nos encontramos amenazados por todita la indiada: el levantamiento de Daquilema, Chimborazo 1871, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1993. 103 p. 2104. Jaramillo, Rafael E. Crnica de la traslacin de los restos del Sr. don Vicente Rocafuerte, de Lima a Guayaquil. Quito, 1884. 31 p. 2105. [Juicio por devolucin del vapor Washington, que intervin en el combate de Jambel, 1865], ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 38-63. 2106. Jijn y Camao, Jacinto. La expedicin floreana de 1846. Quito: Tall. del Diario La Patria, 1943. 20 p. 2107. Lafond de Lurcy, Gabriel. Etudes sur lAmrique espagnole, sous le rapport du commerce maritime de France: de lEquateur. Paris: Bureau de Journal de la flotte 1845. 27 p. On Lafond and his reports on Ecuador see items 3339, and 7342. 2108. Le Gouhir Rodas, Jos Mara. Historia de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. de la Prensa Catlica, 1920-1938. 3 v. Detailed, generally accurate, albeit not unbiased--Le Gouhir was a Jesuit and a Conservative-well documented history of the nineteenth century. Vol. 1 was issued in an edicin refundida (Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1935) that dropped coverage of the independence period (1809-1822), with which Le Gouhir never felt comfortable. Reprinted: Quito: Grupo Aymesa, 1992-1993. 5 v. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 2-6) N.B. The Aymesa ed. reprints the original edition of vol. 1. The original ed. of vol. 1 was also reprinted with an introductory study, Jos Mara Le Gouhir: historiador y maestro, by Francisco Miranda Ribadneira: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1992. 466 p. 2109. La Legislatura de 1888 y el poder ejecutivo: captulo de historia. Guayaquil: El Globo, 1888. 20 p. 2110. Loor, Wilfrido. La victoria de Guayaquil. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1960. 462 p. A detailed, extensively researched study of the civil war of 1859-1860, and of Castillas invasion

and occupation of Guayaquil. 2111. Lpez, Felicsimo. La revolucin de 1894 ante la historia y el Congreso. Jipijapa: Star, 1885. 16 p. 2112. Luna Tamayo, Milton; and Patricio Ynez. La transicin ecuatoriana: de la colonia a la repblica, Quitumbe, 5 (1982), 64-79. An essay on Ecuadors separation from Gran Colombia and emergence as a separate state. 2113. Maiguashca, Juan. El proceso de integracin nacional en el Ecuador: el rol del poder central, 1830-1895, Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 355-420. A major reexamination of the role of the state in the formation of the nation and one that has already begun to provoke revision of the historiography of the nineteenth century. See, for example, Roland Anrup, El Estado ecuatoriano decimonnico y el proceso de integracin nacional, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 7 (I sem. 1995), 89-104. 2114. Malo, Benigno. Escritos y discursos. T. 1. Escritos no oficiales. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1940. 518 p. Includes essays on the Franco-Castilla Treaty, Urbina, Flores, Po Bravo, and several coeval newspapers. 2115. Martnez Delgado, Luis. Traiciones a la independencia hispanoamericana. Bogot: Edit. Kelly, 1975-1975. 2 v. Primarily a compendium of coeval sources on Floress filibuster attempts of 1846 and 1852 to regain power through invasion and the establishment of a monarchy. 2116. Mata, Rafael M. Juicios histricos sobre las Pginas del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Globo, 1890. 243 p. Although a son of General Mata and a veintemillista, the author disagrees with Marieta Veintemillas facts and interpretations (item 2206). 2117. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Breves apuntes sobre las monedas en el Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 317-341. 2118. Matamoros Trujillo, Carlos. Documentos desconocidos de nuestra historia: la grfica del primer escudo de armas de la Repblica del Ecuador, Boletn filatlico (Guayaquil), 2 (1973), 17. 2119. Medina Castro, Manuel. La otra historia: el Ecuador contra la dependencia y la intervencin, 1 ed. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1984. 192 p. Editado por los amigos del autor. I have not yet seen this work, but it is supposed to be on the early national period (i.e., the years 1830-1895). 2120. Mera, Juan Len. Cartas a los seores Dr. J. Modesto Espinosa, Julio Zaldumbide y Dr. Antonio Flores, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, 13 (jul. 1932), 371-420. 2121. Mera, Juan Len. Catecismo explicativo de la Constitucin del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1894. iii, 89 p.

2122. Mera, Juan Len. La dictatura y la restauracin en la Repblica del Ecuador: ensayo histrico, 2 ed., segn la 1 ed. pstuma de 1932; estudio introductorio, Rafael Quintero. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1982. 278 p. Published posthumously. Although Mera originally intended to continue Cevalloss Historia, he only managed to cover the Borrero and Veintimilla years. Invaluable, nonetheless, as a relatively objective, eyewitness account. The original ed. (Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1932) included a biography of Mera by Julio Tobar Donoso, p. v-xlv. See also Meras Garca Moreno (item 3407). 2123. Mera, Juan Len. Observaciones sobre la situacin actual del Ecuador. Ambato, 1887. 43 p. 2124. Mills, Nick D., Jr. Liberal Opposition in Ecuadorean Politics, 1830-1845. 1972. vii, 224 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of New Mexico, 1972. 2125. Mills, Nick D., Jr. Liberalismo, ideologa y tradicin en la nacionalidad ecuatoriana: un ensayo interpretativo, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:13 (jun. 1978), 31-57. 2126. Moncada, Jos. De la independencia al auge exportador, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 111-135. A new approach essay on the nineteenth century by a young Turk (at the time). Written, however, before that much professional or social scientific research had been conducted on the years 1830-1895. 2127. Moncayo, Pedro. El Ecuador de 1825 a 1875: sus hombres, sus instituciones y sus leyes. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1979. 2 v. Reprints the 2d ed., posthumously corrected and augmented by Carlos E. Moncayo and Luis F. Veloz: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1906. xxiii, 456 p. Originally published: Santiago de Chile, 1885. 336 p. Extensively documented. Moncayo, an early liberal, opposed caudillismo regardless of who was in power. One of the founders of El Quiteo libre, a short-lived anti-Flores newspaper, Moncayo spent almost his entire adult life in exile in Peru and Chile. 2128. Moncayo, Pedro. La partida de nacimiento del Estado ecuatoriano, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 21 (1982), 90-128. 2129. Montalvo, Juan. Cartas publicadas por el I. Concejo Municipal de Cuenca. Cuenca: Tip. Municipal, 1927. 58 p. Publishes Montalvos letters of 1885-1888 to Federico Malo from Paris. 2130. Montalvo, Juan. Las catilinarias. Ambato: Edicin Sesquicentenario II Convencin Nacional, 1987. 2 v. 2131. Montalvo, Juan. Las catilinarias; El cosmopolita; El regenerador, seleccin y prlogo, Benjamn Carrin; cronologa y notas, Gustavo Alfredo Jcome. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1977. xxxviii, 491 p. 2132. Montalvo, Juan. Juan Montalvo, estudio y selecciones de Gonzalo Zaldumbide. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 578 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [14])

Selections from: El cosmopolita, Los siete tratados, Pginas desconocidas, and Captulos que se olvidaron a Cervantes. 2133. Montalvo, Juan. Selections from Juan Montalvo, translated from the Spanish by Frank MacDonald Spindler and Nancy Cook Brooks. Tempe: Center for Latin American Studies, Arizona State University, 1984. v, 123 p. 2134. Mrner, Magnus. The Swedish Frigate Eugenie and the Flores Expedition Against Guayaquil, Pacific Historical Review, 34:1 (Feb. 1965), 51-64. Also published in Spanish as: La fragata sueca Eugenia y la expedicin de Flores contra Guayaquil en 1852, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 155-171. 2135. Moscoso C., Martha. Comunidad, autoridad indgena y poder republicano en el siglo XIX, Revista andina, 7:14 (dic.1989), 481-499. 2136. Muratorio, Blanca. Nacin, identidad y etnicidad: imgenes de los indios ecuatorianos y sus imagineros a fines del siglo XIX, Imgines e imagineros (item 1940), p. 109-196. Focuses on el Ser blanco-mestizo como el principal interlocutor en el dilogo entre la nacinestado y la indianidad dominada. Como grupo dominante a fines del siglo XIX, la burguesa de la Costa us a los Indios como peones semiticos ... para sus propios intereses iconogrficos y para legitimar sus propios xitos econmicos. Especially fascinating is Muratorios discussion of the depiction of Indians in the several international expositions of the second half of the nineteenth century, especially those of Paris in 1889 and of Chicago in 1892. Also published in part in English as: Nationalism and Ethnicity: Images of Ecuadorian Indians and Imagemakers at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century, Ethnicity and the State, edited by Judith D. Toland (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1993; Political and Legal Anthropology; 9), 21-54. 2137. Muratorio, Ricardo. La transicin del obraje a la industria textil y el papel de la produccin textil en la economa de la sierra en el siglo XIX, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr.1986), 531-543. A study of the conversion of the obrajes of the Jijn family from sweat shops into factories. Also examines the role of textile production in the economy of the highlands in the 1800s. 2138. Murillo Mir, Juan. Historia del Ecuador de 1876 a 1888: precedida de un resumen histrico de 1830 a 1875. Quito: Empresa Editora El Comercio, 1946. 297 p. Reprint; originally published: Santiago: Impr. Santiago Hurfanos, 1890. iii, 396 p. Also available in a new edition with an introductory study by Elas Muoz Vicua. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1993. 344 p. An eyewitness account of the tumultuous years between the assassination of Garca Moreno and Flores Jijns election. 2139. Nieto, Jos. La verdad sobre las calumnias de la seora Marieta Veintimilla. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1891. 96 p. Reprinted in Museo Histrico, 29 (dic. 1957), 121-175; 30 (mar. 1958), 208-235; 31 (ago. 1958), 119-141. Anti-Veintimilla. 2140. Niza Troya, Kleber. La formacin econmica y social del Ecuador desde 1830 hasta la revolucin liberal. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas,

1982. 45 p. A superficial examination of economic and social developments between 1830 and 1895. 2141. Nmina de algunos abogados ecuatorianos recibidos en el siglo XIX, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 6:11 (dic. 1961), 108-117. 2142. Ortz Crespo, Gonzalo. La incorporacin del Ecuador al mercado mundial: la coyuntura socio-econmica, 1875-1895. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 343 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 17) A fundamental work for the understanding of a critical yet previously poorly studied period in Ecuadorian history, especially insofar as economic and social developments are concerned, the initial years of the second cacao boom and its economic and social repercussions. Also published in a: 2 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 294 p. 2143. Ortz Crespo, Gonzalo. Panorama histrico del perodo 1875-1895, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 237-275. A revisionist study of economic as well as political developments of the closing decades of the nineteenth century. Takes up where item 2009 leaves off. 2144. Pattee, Richard. La epoca crtica de la historia ecuatoriana, 1857-1861, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 7-28. 2145. Pattee, Richard. Gabriel Garca Moreno y el Ecuador de su tiempo, 3 ed. Mxico: Edit. Jus, 1962. 397 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1941. 437 p. Favorable without being adulatory, one of the most scholarly studies ever undertaken of Garca Moreno and of his years in power. Includes three introductory chapters on the first thirty years of the national period. 2146. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Historia de la Casa de Moneda de Quito, 1534-1863, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 21 (1982), 7-97. Notwithstanding the chronological delimiters in the title, a history of the Casa de Moneda, established in 1831 and suppressed in 1863. 2147. Pereira Gamba, Prspero. El porvenir del Ecuador. Lima: Tip. de Aurelio Alfaro, 1860. 28 p. 2148. Prez, Felipe. Anlisis poltico, social y econmico de la Repblica del Ecuador: precedida de un resumen jeogrfico e histrico. Bogot: Impr. del Neo-Granadino, 1858. 125 p. The author was a nineteenth-century Colombian geographer. 2149. Prez Concha, Jorge. Veintemilla, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 74-96. An in-depth examination of Veintemillas rise to power through the coup detat of Sept. 8, 1876. 2150. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Los esclavos de hace un siglo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 60-65.

Like far too many of Pimentel Carbos essays, this one consists of the usual miscellany or tidbits of data, redeemed only by their novelty. 2151. Polanco, Jos Antonio. Recuerdos de un veterano en la campaa de 1859 y 1860, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 119-126. 2152. Polanco, Jos Antonio. Recuerdos de un veterano en la campaa de Cuaspud de 1863, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 253-257. 2153. Polanco, Jos Antonio. Recuerdos de un veterano en la campaa de Tulcn: 31 de julio de 1862, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:109 (ene./jun. 1967), 117-124. Items 2151-2153 are relatively objective accounts of the internecine strife and armed conflicts with Colombia and Peru of the late 1850s and early 1860s by a participant. Apparently the author was a professional military officer. 2154. Plit Ortiz, Francisco. La fundacin de la Repblica del Ecuador: mayo-septiembre de 1830. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. 93 p. 2155. Ponce, Camilo. El contrato DOksza ante el Consejo de Estado. Quito: Impr. Catlica, 1891. 134 p. Argues that the contract with Count DOksza for the construction of the railroad between Chimbo and Riobamba should have been nullified for failure on the part of the Count to comply with some of the terms of the contract. 2156. Pozo Monsalve, Tefilo. Entre el amor y el deber: escenas de la campaa de 1882-1883 en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1986. 106 p. 2157. Price, Joedd. Ecuadorian Opinions of the United States in the Nineteenth Century: an Attitudinal Study. 1968. v, 226 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 2158. Price, Joedd. Images and Influences: The Legacy of the Founding Fathers and the Federal System in Ecuador, Latin American Research Review, 10:3 (Fall 1975), 121-136. 2159. Proao y Vega, Eloy. Coleccin de algunos escritos relativos a la memoria del excelentsimo seor doctor D. Gabriel Garca Moreno, presidente del Ecuador, asesinado el 6 de agosto de 1875: precedida de algunos artculos que revelan el verdadero espritu de su administracin catlica. Quito: Impr. de J. Campuzano y M. Rivadeneira, 1876. 1 v. in various paginations. 2160. Proao y Vega, Eloy. Historia de la campaa del Ecuador en defensa de sus instituciones republicanas contra la dictatura del General Ignacio de Veintemilla en 1882. Quito: Impr. de la heredera de Pablo S. Paredes, por J. Mora, 1884. vi, 260 p. Supposed to have been a tomo primero, but in fact the only vol. published. 2161. La Proyectada expedicin de Flores al Ecuador: polmica periodstica y parlamentaria (1845-1847), prlogo del Dr. Angel Francisco Brice; advertencia y notas del Dr. Pedro Grases. Maracaibo: Impr. del Estado, 1964. 349 p. Pro-Flores. Includes newspaper articles by Rafael Mara Baralt, whose name appears at head of

title. 2162. Quintero, Rafael. El carcter de la estructura institucional de representacin poltica en el Estado ecuatoriano del siglo XIX, Revista ciencias sociales, 2:7/8 (1978), 70-109. Demonstrates through analysis of voting requirements and election returns that the political process was not just dominated, but virtually monopolized by the upper class and its middle class retainers and clients during the first seventy years of the national period. And that the more things changed, the more they remained the same. Not even the advents of the Liberals in 1895 made any real difference. Whereas 5.7 percent of the estimated total population of 1,004,791 (not an improbable figure) participated in the presidential election of 1892 under the Progressives, only 1.7 percent of the estimated total population voted in the vice residential election of 1899. Also published in: Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, 219-266. 2163. Quintero, Rafael. La cultura tradicional y la Iglesia en la sociedad ecuatoriana del siglo XIX, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 115-149. An essay on the role of the Catholic Church in the ideology, politics, economics, and society of the country in the 1800s. N.B. Items 2162 and 2163 are chapters from the authors 1978 doctoral thesis, Los partidos polticos en el Ecuador y la clase terrateniente en las transformaciones del Estado--per se not published as a separate but incorporated in essence in item 1968. 2164. Quintero, Rafael. El Estado terrateniente del Ecuador (1809-1895), Estados y naciones en los Andes, hacia una historia comparativa: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Per, J.P. Deler y Y. Saint-Geours, compiladores (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos; Instituto Francs de Estudios Andinos, 1986), vol. 2, p. 397-417. A preview of Quintero and Silvas Ecuador, una nacin en ciernes (item 1968). See also the Debate sobre las ponencias de: Hermes Tovar, Problemas de la transicin del Estado Colonial al Estado Nacional (1810-1850), and Rafael Quintero ... in ibid., p. 419-434, with commentaries by Thierry Saignes, Hermes Tovar, Germn Colmenares, Jean-Paul Deler, Marie-Danielle Demlas, Jean Piel, Manuel Chiriboga, Henri Favre, Nelson Manrique, and Yves Saint-Geours, and replies by Tovar and Quintero. 2165. La Regeneracin de setiembre y la reaccin del terrorismo. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1877. iv, 81 p. 2166. La Restauracin de 1883, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 27 (abr. 1987), 267-270. Chiefly ill. Consists of period photographs from the private collection of Dr. Miguel Daz Cueva. 2167. Los Revolucionarios del 14 de diciembre. Quito, 1870. 63 p. 2168. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Primeros hechos de transformacin social en el Ecuador independiente, Amrica (Quito), 27:102/103 (jul./dic. 1951-ene./dic. 1952), 5-36. 2169. Robertson, William Spence. Garca Morenos Dream of a European Protectorate, Contribuciones para el estudio de la historia de Amrica: homenaje al Dr. Emilio Ravignani

(Buenos Aires: Peuser, 1941), p. 125-143. Also published in Spanish as: El sueo de Garca Moreno sobre un protectorado en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 67-80. 2170. Rocafuerte, Vicente. A la nacin. Guayaquil: Litogr. e Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 283 p. A series of anti-Flores articles originally published in Lima between 1843 and 1845. 2171. Rocafuerte, Vicente. Epistolario, estudio y seleccin de Carlos Landzuri Camacho. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 2 v. Includes a lengthy biobibliography of Rocafuerte by Landzuri (vol. 1, p. 15-117). 2172. Rocafuerte, Vicente. Vicente Rocafuerte, prlogo y notas de Neptal Ziga. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1983. 16 v. in 4. Reprint; originally published as: Coleccin Rocafuerte. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 16 v. The collected works of Rocafuerte. A basic set of primary materials for the study of the latecolonial, independence, and early-national periods. Contents: vol. 1, Rocafuerte, perfiles y perennidad; vol. 2, Rocafuerte y la historia de Mxico; vol. 3, Rocafuerte y la democracia de Estados Unidos de Norte Amrica; vol. 4, Rocafuerte y los sistemas polticos de Amrica; vol. 5, Rocafuerte y las ideas liberales de Amrica independiente; vol. 6, Rocafuerte y la Gran Colombia; vol. 7, Rocafuerte y el ideario religioso del mundo; vol. 8, Rocafuerte y las ideas polticas de Mxico; vol. 9, Rocafuerte y las doctrinas penales; vol. 10, Rocafuerte y la Repblica de Cuba; vol. 11, Rocafuerte y el periodismo en Mxico; vol. 12, Rocafuerte y el periodismo en Inglaterra; vol. 13, Rocafuerte, su vida pblica en el Ecuador; vol. 14, Rocafuerte y quince aos de historia de la Repblica del Ecuador; vol. 15, Rocafuerte, documentos polticos; vol. 16, Rocafuerte y su obra diplomtica en Europa. 2173. Rodrguez, Linda Alexander. Las finanzas pblicas en el Ecuador del siglo XIX, Siglo XIX (Monterrey), 3:5 (ene./jun. 1988), 45-88. A quantitative study of public revenues and expenditures between 1830 and 1900. Reprinted in: Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:8 (1990), 13-57. 2174. Salazar, Francisco Ignacio. Defensa documentada del general doctor don Francisco Javier Salazar. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1887. 132 p. Defends his brother against the accusation made by Manuel Polanco that Francisco Javier had been involved in the assassination of Garca Moreno. 2175. Salazar, Francisco Ignacio. Introduccin histrica a las actas del Congreso constitucional del Ecuador (ao 1841), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:5 (mayo/jun. 1921), 199-255. 2176. Salvador Lara, Jorge. La Repblica del Ecuador y el General Juan Jos Flores. Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1980. 206 p. 2177. Sarasti, Jos Mara. Documentos relativos a la acusacin contra el Vicepresidente de la Repblica y el Ministro de Guerra y Marina ante el Congreso de 1885. Quito: Impr. del

Gobierno, 1886. 69 p. 2178. Sarasti, Jos Mara. Nmero 2 de la Vindicacin y protesta contra los escritos de los SS. Leopoldo y Reinaldo Pino: consignados en los nmeros 5 y 7 de El Independiente de Latacunga. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1889. 87 p. 2179. Sarasti, Jos Mara. Los pentaviros y Alfaro . Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1884. 67 p. 2180. Silva, Elas E. Pinceladas acerca de la Administracin Caamao y de la Administracin Flores. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Palabra, 1892. vii, 168 p. Although Silva identified himself as un liberal, he was pro-Caamao and pro-Flores. 2181. Silva, Erika. Estado, Iglesia e ideologa en el siglo XIX, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 9-44. A provocative reexamination of the nature of the state, of the churchs role in politics, and of the ideological underpinnings of the state and the of the church as a political force, and therefore of what may be called the political culture of the nineteenth century. 2182. Sociedades democrticas de Ilustracin, de Miguel de Santiago y Filarmnica: discursos pronunciados en la sesin pblica efectuada el 6 de marzo de 1852, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1984. 38 p. (Fuentes y documentos para la historia de la msica en el Ecuador; 2) Originally published: Quito: Impr. F. Bermeo, 1852. 2183. Solano, Vicente. Discurso pronunciado en la Iglesia Catedral de Cuenca en el Te Deum por el triunfo de Miarca. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1965. [41] p. 2184. Solemne pronunciamiento de la capital de Quito y dems pueblos del Sur de Colombia, por el cual se constituye el Ecuador en estado soberano, libre e independiente, publcalo, ilustrado con numerosos documentos explicativos Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1922. xi, 53, iv, dxiii p. 2185. Sosa, Ximena; and Cecilia Durn. Familia, ciudad y vida cotidiana en el siglo XIX, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 157-191. A pioneering study of family, daily, and urban life, including public health and festivities, in the nineteenth century. See also items 1352 and 2612. 2186. Spindler, Frank MacDonald. Nineteenth century Ecuador: An Historical Introduction. Fairfax: Geroge Mason University Press, 1987. xiv, 285 p. More or less factually sound but a strictly political account. Also far more descriptive and narrative than analytical and interpretative. But beware the hidden, sometimes ill founded assumptions Spindler makes as to chronology, historiography, and cause and effect. 2187. Tern, Emilio Mara. Informe al jefe supremo general Eloy Alfaro sobre la deuda angloecuatoriana. Quito: [s.n.], 1896. 868, 12 p. Covers the years 1822-1890. 2188. Tern Guerrero, Jos Mara. La dictadura neroniana en el Ecuador. Ipiales: Tip. de N.

Medicis, 1870. 17 p. Anti-Garca Moreno. 2189. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La abolicin de la esclavitud en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 39:93 (ene./jun. 1959), 5-30. A useful overview of the abolition of black slavery, especially of the legislation involved. Does not address the specifics of implementation of the laws nor the social issues involved, however. 2190. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La administracin del Coronel Ascsubi en 1849 y 1850, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:7/8 (jul./oct. 1919), 53-83. Reprinted in authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 45-98. 2191. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La administracin de don Diego Noboa, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (jul./oct. 1920), 59-72; 1:2 (nov./dic. 1920), 155-194. Reprinted in authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 99-210. 2192. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La constituyente de 1.845, desde el punto de vista religioso, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 24-53. A detailed analysis of the issues faced by the Constitutional Assembly of 1845, especially but not exclusively those relating to state and church. 2193. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Ecuador de 1822 a 1895, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional, n.s., 1:6 (sept./oct. 1926), 358-374; 1:7 (nov./dic. 1926), 391-412. 2194. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Entre Roca y Urvina, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977), 5-24. 2195. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El fin de una fbula, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:77 (ene./jun. 1951), 20-77. Regarding Garca Morenos responsibility for the 1862 conflict with Colombia. Also available as a separate: Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1951. 60 p. 2196. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Legislaturas del perodo de Roca, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 33-54. 2197. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Monografas histricas. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1938. 539 p. Convenient anthology of eleven of Tobar Donosos essays on politics and politicians, the church and churchmen, education and educators in the nineteenth century. 2198. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Las segundas elecciones de 1875, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos mericanos, 1:2 (ago./sept. 1918), 118-135. Reprinted in authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 311-346. 2199. Van Aken, Mark J. King of the Night : Juan Jos Flores and Ecuador, 1824-1864. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. ix, 382 p. As of the late 1990s, the most objective and apparently also the most well researched, account of

Floress political career, not just of the Flores years. Also published in Spanish in a revised and enlarged edition as: El rey de la noche: Juan Jos Flores y el Ecuador, 1824-1864. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1995. 439 p. (Coleccin histrica; 21) 2200. Van Aken, Mark J. The Lingering Death of Indian Tribute in Ecuador, Hispanic American Historical Review, 61:3 (Aug. 1981), 429-459. Rescues from rhetoric the fiscal and socioeconomic implications of the gradual suppression of Indian tributes. Also published in Spanish as: La lenta expiracin del tributo indgena en el Ecuador, Cultura, 6:16 (mayo/ago. 1983), 49-80. 2201 Vargas Torres, Luis. El gobierno del litoral y los pentaviros Alfaro y Sarasti. Guayaquil: Impr. de Murillo, 1884. 70 p. 2202. Vargas Torres, Luis. La revolucin del 15 de noviembre de 1884. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 65 p. 2203. Vega Ugalde, Silvia. Ecuador, crisis polticas y Estado en los inicios de la repblica, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 163 p. 2204. Veintimilla, Ignacio de. La regeneracin de septiembre y la reaccin del terrorismo. Quito: Zans, 1877. 81 p. 2205. Veintimilla, Marieta de. Pginas del Ecuador. Lima: Impr. Liberal de F. Masias, 1890. 411 p. A spirited defense of Ignacio de Veintimilla by his niece. Unfortunately it is far more of an attack on the dictators enemies than an account of the captain generals regime. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 2206. Velsquez, Csar Vicente. La verdad histrica sobre la fundacin del estado ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 97-104. 2207. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El general Flores y su proyectado protectorado francs para el Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 8:22/24 (dic. 1958), 35-71. 2208. Villalba F., Jorge. Eleccin de Vicente Rocafuerte a la presidencia de la repblica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 65-86. 2209. Villamar, Rafael. El general Eloy Alfaro y la restauracin. Quito: Impr. Paredes, 1884. 60 p. 2210. Vintimilla, Maria Augusta. Luchas campesinas en el siglo XIX y la revolucin liberal de 1895, Revista del IDIS, 8 (abr. 1980), 83-94. A working paper. 2211. Wray Espinosa, Alberto. El derecho y la fundacin del Estado: notas para una interpretacin histrica de la Constitucin de 1830, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 27-53. See also the Crticas y comentarios thereof, in ibid., 55-68. 2212. Zaldumbide Gangotena, Julio. Cartas al seor don Juan Len Mera, Memorias de la

Academia Ecuatoriana, 13 (jul. 1932), 146-242. Consists of correspondence from 29 July 1857 through 21 July 1886. 2213. Zapater, Irving Ivn. El proyecto de Banco Nacional del Ecuador de 1890, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, p. 597-616. Examines the unsuccessful efforts of President Antonio Flores to establish a national bank in 1890.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

SIGLO XX (1895-) Here are entered works on the twentieth century in general and studies that have to do with both periods into which the years since the Liberals came to power have been divided, 1895-1960, and 1960-, in accordance with the periodization adopted by the editors of the Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615). I have annotated fewer of the items that follow than I did for the colonial, independence, and early national periods, partly because I am still in the process of mastering the literature on the twentieth century and partly because to have done so would have made this bibliography appreciably longer than it already is. In turn this is because there are so many more published materials on the twentieth century than there are on the preceding centuries.

2214. 25 aos de planificacin, Germnico Salgado, [editor]. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1979. 643 p. 2215. Achig S., Lucas; and Tatiana Neira A. Movimiento obrero ecuatoriano y proceso sindical (los orgenes: 1880-1938), Revista IDIS, 21 (abr. 1989), 69-185. A scholarly sound and relatively objective study of the origins of the working class and the labor movement. 2216. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Ecuador: luces y sombras del liberalismo, 1 ed. Quito: El Duende, 1989. 196 p. Although Albornoz Peralta outlines the history of liberalism from the movements for independence through the 1980s in this work, his primary focus is the rise and fall of Eloy Alfaro. Employing the Marxism dialect at its worst, Albornoz Peralta argues that the triumph of liberalism in 1895 was a bourgeois revolution aided and abetted by a nascent proletariat (i.e., the monteros who swept Alfaro into power). He also attributes Alfaros downfall to a conspiracy of the elite or feudal aristocracy. 2217. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano: breve sntesis. Quito: Edit. Letranueva, 1983. 187 p. Highly partisan. The author is unabashedly Marxist-Leninist in belief and interpretation. 2218. Alexander, Robert J. The Bolivarian Presidents: Conversations and Correspondence with Presidents of Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1994. x, 283 p. See pp. 113-125 for conversations with Galo Plaza Lasso (held in 1954, 1955, and 1962),

Osvaldo Hurtado (1985), and Rodrigo Borja Cevallos (1978). 2219. Almeida, Rebeca. Oscilaciones del dlar norteamericano en el mercado nacional durante setenta y ocho aos, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:4 (II sem. 1988), 253-263. A quantitative analysis of the value of the sucre vis-a-vis the dollar from 1910-1988. 2220. El Anarquismo en el Ecuador, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Alexei Pez. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; INFOC, 1986. 178 p. 2221. Antecedentes y trayectoria histrica del sector arrocero hasta 1970: fecha de expedicin del Decreto 1001. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 37 p. 2222. Astudillo, Rafael. Entre el pasado y el provenir. Quito: Edit. Cyma, 1968. 262 p. An anthology of speeches, including radio discourses, given and of letters to editors written between 1925 and 1966. The author was one of the army lieutenants who participated in the July Revolution. 2223. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Ecuador Since 1930, Cambridge History of Latin America, vol. 8 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), p. 687-725, 854-859. See also item 14. 2224. Ayala Mora, Enrique. El Partido Socialista Ecuatoriano en la historia. Quito: Ediciones La Tierra, 1988. 30 p. 2225. Ayala Paredes, Csar M. Panormica: ensayo: la Fuerza Area Ecuatoriana, 50 aos en la vida nacional. Quito: Impr. Edit. Don Bosco, 1971. 120 p. 2226. Bez Tobar, Ren. Panorama general de la economa ecuatoriana, 1948-1988, Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 291-316. 2227. Balarezo, Humberto; and Rubn Martnez. El movimiento obrero ecuatoriano y el proceso poltico (sus orgenes: 1880-1938), Revista IDIS, 21 (abr. 1989), 187-241. Examines the interaction between the working class and political parties during the formative years of the labor movement in Ecuador. 2228. Banco Central del Ecuador. Banco Central del Ecuador: cincuenta aos. Quito: El Banco, [1978?]. 158 p. 2229. Benalczar Ruales, Ren. Anlisis del desarrollo econmico del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 533 p. An analysis of the economic development and political economy of the country from the 1940s through the 1980s. 2230. Bilbao, Luis Fernando. Economa y empleo, 1 ed. Quito: Calendarios Cromex, 1990-. <1> v. Contents: t. 1, Su realidad en el Ecuador hasta 1950. 2231. Bravo, Csar Augusto. Historia del Ecuador de la dcada de 1950 a la dcada de los 70.

Cuenca: Edit. Grficas Hernndez, 1995. 230 p. A useful review of political history from the administration of Plaza Lasso (1948-1952) through the military dictatorship of the Consejo Supremo de Gobierno (1976-1979). 2232. Bromley, R. J. Development Planning in Ecuador. London: Latin American Publications Fund, 1977. ix, 116 p. A well written and thoughtful essay on the political economy of the country since 1948 and on national planning since 1950 by a British geographer who knows Ecuador exceptionally well. 2233. Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel. Discursos y conferencias. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 382 p. 2234. Cabezas, Luis Cristobal. 50 aos de vida poltica y anecdtica del Ecuador. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica, 1986. 163 p. 2235. Calle Saavedra, Eduardo. La escabrosa historia de la Junta Nacional de Defensa del Artesano, 1 ed. Quito: Biblioteca General Ecuatoriana, 1989. 185, vii p. 2236. Campo, Esteban del. Ecuador, 1948-1978: los desequilibrios de la economa y el desarrollo desigual, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 152-179. 2237. Carrasco Vintimilla, Adrin; Mara Augusta Vintimilla; and Cecilia Surez, Movimientos polticos y culturales en el Ecuador: 1922-1986, Revista IDIS, 18 (ene. 1988), 11-38. An interim report on the Nacin, Estado Nacional y Cultura Nacional research project. 2238. Carrin, Alejandro. Los partidos polticos, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2255), p. 259-292. A more or less objective account of the twentieth-century history of the Conservative, Liberal, and Socialist parties. 2239. Clase y regin en el agro ecuatoriano, editor: Miguel Murmis, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 356 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 7) Contents: Miguel Murmis, Introduccin (p. 11-16); Ignacio Llovet, Osvaldo Barsky, and Miguel Murmis, Caracterizacin de estructuras de clase en el agro ecuatoriano (p. 17-78); Marilyn Silverman, Variabilidad agraria en la costa ecuatoriana (p. 79-174); Osvaldo Barsky and Eugenio Daz Bonilla, Procesos de comercializacin de clases (p. 175-217); Teodoro Bustamante and Mercedes Prieto, Formas de organizacin y de accin campesina e indgena: experiencias en tres zonas del Ecuador (p. 219-267); Carlos Arcos, El espritu del progreso: los hacendados en el Ecuador del 900 (p. 269-317); Gustavo Cosse, Las polticas estatales y la cuestin regional en Ecuador (p. 319-357). 2240. Comunistas en la historia nacional, 1926-1986, Ricardo Paredes [et al.]. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones y Estudios Socioeconmicos del Ecuador, 1987. 254 p. 2241. Las Crisis en el Ecuador: los treinta y ochenta, R. Thorp [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Instituto de Estudios Avanzados; Oxford University, St. Anthonys College, Latin American Centre 1991. 305 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 33)

A set of essays on the economic crises of the late 1920s/early 1930s and of the 1980s. Contents: Rosemary Thorp, Estudio comparativo introductorio (p. 11-17); Jos Samaniego, Conceptualizacin de la crisis (p. 19-30); Carlos Marchn Romero, La crisis de los aos treinta: diferenciacin social de sus efectos econmicos (1920-1932) (p. 31-60); Agustn Cueva, La crisis de 1929-32: un anlisis (p. 61-77); Juan Maiguashca, Los sectores subalternos en los aos 30 y el aparecimiento del velasquismo (p. 79-93); Guillermo Bustos Lozano, La politizacin del problema obrero: los trabajadores quiteos entre la identidad pueblo y la identidad clase (1931-34) (p. 95-131); Jos A. Moncada Snchez, Problemas y perspectivas de transformacin econmica y social (p. 133-166); Len Rolds Aguilera, Endeudamiento externo y crisis (p. 167-190); Ana Luca Armijos and Marco A. Flores, Las polticas econmicas aplicadas en la dcada de los ochenta: respuesta a la crisis (p. 191-223); Alberto Dahik, Los programas de ajuste en la ultima dcada (p. 225-234); Simn Pachano, La sociedad imperceptible (p. 235-258); Germnico Salgado, Integracin latinoamericana: problemas de hoy y nuevos rumbos, (p. 259-288); and Felipe Portocarrero M. , La economa peruana en los aos 80 (p. 289-305). 2242. Cruz L., J. Arturo. Paso obligado, 1941-1981. Quito: Grf. Rubn Daro, 1981. 76 p. 2243. Cueva, Agustn. Ecuador, 1925-1975, Amrica Latina, historia de medio siglo, coordinacin, Pablo Gonzlez Casanova, vol. 1 (Mxico, D.F.: Siglo XXI, 1977), p. 291-326. See comments on items 2383 and 2698. 2244. Cueva, Agustn. Interpretacin sociolgica del Velasquismo, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 32:3 (mayo/jun. 1970), 709-735. 2245. Cueva, Agustn. Ms all de las palabras: (introduccin a la mitologa velasquista, Indoamrica (Quito), 3:7/8 (ene./mayo 1967), 36-69. 2246. Cueva, Agustn. El proceso de dominacin poltica en Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Crtica, 1972. 108 p. A Marxist interpretation. Especially concerned with populism and velasquismo. Latest known Spanish edition as of July 1997: (7a): Quito: Edit. Planeta, 1988. 188 p. Also published in English as: The Process of Political Domination in Ecuador, translated by Danielle Salti. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1982. 106 p. 2247. Chaves Granja, Jaime. El Comercio y el drama de la poltica nacional en el siglo XX, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2255), p. 29-117. More a review of the political history of the first seventy years of the twentieth century than of El Comercio. 2248. Del Campo, Esteban. Ecuador, 1948-1978: los desequilibrios de la economa y el desarrollo desigual, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 152-169. 2249. Daz, Oswaldo. Ecuador, estudios retrospectivos, 1 ed. Bogot: Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1980. 120 p. Contents: El latifundio en el Ecuador; El Plan Andino en el Ecuador; La poltica agraria de Arosemena; Notas sobre la clase media del Ecuador; Cambios sociales de las clases

dominantes del Ecuador; Los partidos polticos del Ecuador; Ecuador, entre la revolucin y el miedo; La crisis econmica de las universidades ecuatorianas; Anexos: Gran descubrimiento arqueolgico en Ecuador; Ecuadors Loss; Respuesta al Gramma. 2250. Ecuador. Congreso. Cmara de Diputados. Diario de debates de la Cmara de Diputados. 1896/1897-1970. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1900-1970? 2251. Ecuador. Congreso. Cmara del Senado. Diario de debates de la Cmara del Senado. 1896/1897-1970. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1900-1970? Items 2250 and 2251 were not published for every session. Also they appeared under variant names (see, for example, items 2407 and 2408). For a more complete chronology than can be given here, see Cecilia Durn C., El Archivo-Biblioteca de la Funcin Legislativa, Memoria, MARKA, 1:1 (nov. 1990), p. 248-250. 2252. Ecuador. Fuerza Area Ecuatoriana. Cincuentenario. Quito: FAE, 1970. 98 p. 2253. Ecuador, a country study, edited by Dennis M. Hanratty, 3rd ed. Washington, D.C.: GPO., 1991. xxv, 306 p. Emphasizes political, social, and economic developments of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Suffers from the same defects as its predecessors (Area Handbook for Ecuador, 1st and 2nd ed. [Washington, D.C.: GPO., 1966 and 1973]). Although the authors are members of the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, they display more ignorance than knowledge of Ecuador and employ altogether too simplistic an approach. 2254. El Ecuador de la postguerra: estudios en homenaje a Guillermo Prez Chiriboga, [Ren Bez et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 2 v. (842 p.) Essays on various aspects of the national reality in the 1950s and 1960s. 2255. El Ecuador en el siglo XX. Quito: Edit. Publitcnica, 1981. 400 p. A set of essays on national politics, boundary dispute developments, literature, political parties, the legislature, and education, for the particulars of which see items 2247, 5601, 4702, 2238, 5461, and 4270. 2256. Efimov, Aleksei Vladimirovich; Iosif Romualdovich Grigulevich; and Valerian M. Goncharova. Ekvador: istoriko-etnografischeskie ocherki. Moscow: Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1963. 221 p. Analyzes political, economic, and social trends and conditions from the point of view of orthodox Marxism-Leninism. 2257. Enfoque Ecuador: estudios de la realidad nacional, [Manuel Chiriboga et al.]. Guayaquil: Fundacin Eugenio Espejo, 1983. 140 p. Contents: Manuel Chiriboga, Modernizacin capitalista y diferenciacin social; Luis F. Verdesoto C., El anlisis de algunas caractersticas sobresalientes de la evolucin en los ltimos treinta aos del sistema poltico ecuatoriano; Francisco X. Swett, Presente y pespectiva de la economa ecuatoriana; Jos Luis Ortiz, Formas de organizacin rural en el Ecuador: marco histrico; Xavier Ponce Cevallos, Apuntes generales sobre la cultura ecuatoriana; Jos Nuez

Cristiasen, Breves rasgos sobre los aspectos urbanos del Ecuador; Edmundo Vera Manzo, Fuerza laboral, bienestar social y educacin en el Ecuador. 2258. Espinoza, Leonardo. Ensayo preliminar sobre imperialismo, oligarquismo y sindicalismo para la elaboracin de la historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano, Revista IDIS, 16 (1986), 11-80. 2259. Espinoza, Leonardo. La formacin histrica del Ecuador en los orgenes del movimiento obrero sindicalizado (1880-1938): teora, proceso y crisis, Revista IDIS, 21 (abr. 1989), 9-68. Primarily concerned with the social and economic aspects of the origins of the working class and the labor movement. 2260. Fitch, John Samuel. Class Structure, Populism, and the Armed Forces in Contemporary Ecuador, Latin American Research Review, 19:1 (1984), 270-274. Reviews Varas and Bustamantes Fuerzas armadas (item 2947), Quinteros El Mito del populismo (item 2570), Hurtados Political Power (item 1939), and Cuevas The Process of Domination (item 2246). 2261. Fitch, John Samuel. The Military Cup DEtat as a Political Process: Ecuador, 19481966. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1977. xv, 243 p. A superb analysis of the role of the Armed Forces in national politics, especially in the overthrow of Velasco Ibarra in 1961, of his successor and former Vice President Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy in 1963, and of the downfall of the Junta Militar de Gobierno in 1966. Based largely on interviews with military officers and civilian politicians. Identities have been concealed in some cases at the request of the informants. 2262. Historia, cultura y poltica en el Ecuador, Ivn Carvajal [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: IDIS; Edit. El Conejo, 1988. 163 p. 2263. Historia del Seguro Social Ecuatoriano: la evolucin institucional. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, 1984. 496 p. 2264. Hurtado, Osvaldo. El proceso poltico, Ecuador hoy (item 2734), p. 166-197. 2265. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos. Transnational Companies and Banana Exports from Ecuador, 1949-1972, NS / Northsouth, 7:14 (1982), 3-42. 2266. Larrea Stacey, Eduardo. Evolucin de la poltica del Banco Central del Ecuador 19271987. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1990. 157 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; no. 3) 2267. Las Luchas campesinas, 1950-1983: movilizacin campesina e historia de la FENOC, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Educacin Popular, 1984. 48 p. Apparently Dalton Burgos was responsible for the text of this popular, heavily illustrated history of the Federacin Nacional de Organizaciones Campesinas. 2268. Menndez Carrin, Amparo. La conquista del voto en el Ecuador de Velasco a Rolds: el suburbio guayaquileo en las elecciones presidenciales del Ecuador, 1952-1978, anlisis del comportamiento electoral a nivel local en un contexto de control social. Quito: Corporacin

Editora Nacional; Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1986. 556 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 9) A fascinating study by a professionally trained political scientist. Sheds considerable light on lower class participation in the political process and on upper class attempts to control the electoral process. Also available in English as: The 1952-1978 Presidential Elections in Ecuador and Guayaquils Suburbio: a Micro-Analysis of Voting Behavior in a Context of Social Control. 1985. 702 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Johns Hopkins University. 2269. Middleton, Alan. Division and Cohesion in the Working Class: Artisans and Wage Laborers in Ecuador, Journal of Latin American Studies, 14:1 (May 1982), 171-194. A cogent review of the history of labor and of the labor movement in Ecuador from the colonial period through the recent present, with an emphasis on the twentieth century. 2270. Moncada, Jos. La evolucin de la planificacin en el Ecuador, Nueva sociedad (San Jos, Costa Rica), 15 (nov./dic. 1974), 11--27. 2271. Moncayo, Patricio. Evolucin de la estructura del poder en el Ecuador actual ..., Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 197-219. 2272. Mora, Alfonso Mara. Ecuador. Quito: Editora Quito, 1963. iv, 272 p. An overview of twentieth-century political and social developments through the early 1960s. 2273. Muoz Rodas, Benigno. Vida, pasin y muerte de los ferrocarriles ecuatorianos. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Vicerectorado Acadmico, 1990. 36 p. 2274. Muoz Vicua, Elas; and Leonardo Vicua Izquierdo. Historia del movimiento obrero del Ecuador: resumen, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 135 p. See also Muoz Vicuas El movimiento obrero ecuatoriano: sus primeros pasos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 74:157/158 (ene./dic. 1991), 116-139. 2275. Naranjo, Plutarco. La I Internacional en Latinoamrica. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1977. 459 p. 2276. Norris, Robert E. Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra: a Charismatic Figure in Ecuadorean Politics, 1934-1961. 1969. 484 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of New Mexico. Interestingly enough, this thesis does not appear to be available through OCLC or through UMI (that is to say, it does not appear in WorldCat or in Dissertation Abstracts Online). 2277. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. La poltica econmica en el Ecuador: una visin histrica. Quito: Publicaciones Tercer Mundo, 1985. 219 p. 2278. Palacios Senz, Carlos. La revolucin agraria: plusvala de distribucin. Guayaquil: Edit. ARA, 1962. 299 p. Includes Manifiesto de ARA, Accin Revolucionaria Agraria and Proyecto de Ley del Instituto de la Revolucin Agraria. 2279. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Juan J. La CEDOC en la historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano: 50 aos de lucha, 1938-1988, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1988. 92 p.

2280. Pinoargote Cevallos, Alfredo. La repblica de papel, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Artes Grficas Senefedler, 1982. 403 p. 2281. La Planificacin en el Ecuador, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Leonardo Vicua Izquierdo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 665 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 27) An anthology of excerpts from official studies of planning in Ecuador, selections from development plans spanning the years 1934 through 1984, and essays on development planning in Ecuador. See also the Junta Nacional de Planificacins 25 aos de planificacin (Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin, 1979). 2282. El Populismo en el Ecuador: antologa de textos, recopilacin de Felipe Burbano y Carlos de la Torre Espinosa. Quito: ILDIS, 1989. 476 p. An anthology of materials originally published between 1930 and 1988, on Velasquismo. 2283. Prensa alternativa: hojas volantes, 1934-1964. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Comunicacin Social, 1984. 99 p. 2284. Ramrez Dueas, Violeta. Sntesis de la historia del servicio social en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1948. 79 p. 2285. Robalino Bolle, Isabel. El sindicalismo en el Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: INEDES: CONUEP: PUCE, Ediciones de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador 1992. 273 p. A basic reference on the history of labor organizations in the country. 2286. Rump, Kay. Problem der Monokultur: dargestellt am Beispiel der Bananenwirtschaft Ecuadors. Gottingen: O. Schwartz, 1969. 174 p. 2287. Saad, Pedro. La CTE y su papel histrico, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1979. 62 p. History of the Confederacin de Trabajadores del Ecuador. 2288. Salgado, Germanico. La economa del Ecuador en los ltimos setenta aos, 1906-1976. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1978. p. 103-145. Published together with Crnica comercial e industrial de Guayaquil. (item 6751). 2289. Salgado, Germanico. Lo que fuimos y lo que somos, Ecuador hoy (item 2734), p. 1958. 2290. Salvador, Galo. La Junta Nacional de Planificacin y el desarrollo socio-econmico del Ecuador: 20 aos. Quito: Asociacin de Empleados de la Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, [1974?]. 48 leaves. 2291. Samaniego Ponce, Jos. Crisis econmica del Ecuador: anlisis comparativo de dos perodos histricos (1929-1933)- (1980-1984). Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 243 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; 2) 2292. Temas obreros, Elias Muoz Vicua [editor]. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 276 p.

2293. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. Obras completas, edited by Juan F. Velasco Espinosa, 2 ed. Quito: Impr. y Eds. Lexigrama, 1973-1975. 15 v. Includes selected speeches and other materials from each of his terms of office, 1934-35, 194447, 1952-56, 1960-61, 1968-72. 2294. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. Pensamiento poltico, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Enrique Ayala Mora. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1997. 527 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 38) 2295. Vera Arrata, Alfredo. Historia de un triste banano. Guayaquil: Impr. Abad, 1972. 79 p. 2296. Verdesoto C., Luis. Certezas e incertidumbres en la poltica ecuatoriana. Quito: CIUDAD, 1990. 497 p. 2297. Ycaza, Patricio. Historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano, 2 ed. rev. Quito: Centro de Documentacin e Informacin de los Movimientos Sociales del Ecuador, 1984-1991. 2 v. Vol. 2 published conjointly by Centro de Investigaciones de los Movimientos Sociales del Ecuador (CEDIME) and by Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD. Just to confuse matters, vol. 2 is a 1 ed. The first ed. of vol. 1 was published by the Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana in 1983. A solid, well documented history of the working class movement, notwithstanding the authors Marxist approach. Contents: vol. 1, De su gnesis al Frente Popular; vol. 2, De la influencia de la tctica del Frente Popular a las luchas del FUT. 2298. Zuvekas, Clarence, Jr. Economic Planning in Ecuador: An Evaluation, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 25:4 (Spring 1972), 39-69. Evaluates economic planning at the national level since the 1930s.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

1895-1960 2299. El 4 de mayo de 1897 y los RR.PP. jesuitas residentes en Riobamba. Riobamba: [s.n.], 1898. ix, 58 p. 2300. El 15 de noviembre de 1922 y la fundacin del socialismo, relatados por sus protagonistas Manuel Donoso Armas [et al.]; estudio y edicin de Vicente Plit. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; INFOC, 1982. 2 v. A set of primary sources for the study of the 15 de noviembre and the early history of Socialism in Ecuador. Consists of systematic testimonies drawn from oral interviews. 2301. El 28 de mayo, balance de una revolucin popular: documentos para la historia. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. xxxvi, 622 p. An important compendium of official sources. Issued by the Oficina de Informacin y Propaganda. 2302. El 28 de mayo de 1944: testimonio. Guayaquil: Litogr. e Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 271 p. Publishes nineteen eyewitness accounts of the overthrow of Arroyo del Ro and the return to power of Velasco Ibarra. 2303. El 28 de mayo de 1944 y fundacin de la CTE, Osvaldo Albornoz Peralta [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; INFOC, 1984. 224 p. 2304. A la nacin: documentos. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1912. 50 p. 2305. La Administracin del Sr. Dr. Dn. Jos Luis Tamayo juzgada desde el origen de su candidatura. Quito: Impr. Edit. Quito, 1924. 54 p. 2306. Aguirre, Manuel Agustn. El marxismo, la revolucin y los partidos socialista y comunista en el Ecuador, Carlos Marx homenaje (Cuenca: Tall. del IDIS, 1983), p. 1-66. 2307. Aguirre, Manuel Agustn. El Partido Socialista en la revolucin del 28 de mayo. Quito: Partido Socialista, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1945. 44 p. 2308. Alarcn Falcon, Ruperto. Para la historia: el Congreso de 1949 y mi destitucin del cargo de Controlador General de la Nacin. Quito: Edit. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, 1949. 116 p. 2309. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Del crimen de El Ejido a la revolucin del 9 de julio de 1925. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1971. 163 p.

The author, a Marxist Leninist, holds the United States responsible for everything that went wrong in Ecuador between 1912 and 1925, beginning with the assassination of Alfaro in 1911. Reprinted several times. 2310. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Ecuador, luces y sombras del liberalismo, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones El Duende, 1989. 196 p. Items 2309 and 2310 are egregious examples of some of what is wrong with late twentiethcentury historiography of Ecuador, crude analysis of political events and developments based on blind acceptance of the Marxist and/or Marxist-Leninist paradigm. These two works are important, however, because of Albornoz Peraltas seminal influence on many national scholars of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. 2311. Alfaro, Eloy. Historia del ferrocarril de Guayaquil a Quito: pginas de verdad. Quito: Edit. Nariz del Diablo, 1931. 96 p. 2312. Alfaro, Eloy. Narraciones histricas, estudio introductorio, Malcolm Deas. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1983. 442 p. Includes correspondence from 1901-1904, and a section on the presidential elections of 1901. Originally published posthumously by Alfaros nephew Olmedo: New York, 1913. 2 v. 2313. Alfaro, Eloy. Obras escogidas. Guayaquil: Ediciones Viento del Pueblo, 1959. 2 v. A collection of Alfaros correspondence and official writings covering the years 1882-1912. Vol. 1 (p. 223-782) includes Nicols Augusto Gonzlez, El asesinato del gran Mariscal de Ayacucho: ndice de un libro, 2 ed. (Quito, 1906), both editions of which Alfaro financed. 2314. Alfaro, Olmedo. El asesinato de Alfaro ante la historia y la civilizacin, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1938. iv, 252 p. Originally published: Panam: Tip. Diario de Panam, 1912. vii, 292 p. The author blames the partisans of Emilio Estrada in general and Carlos Freile Zaldumbide in particular for his uncles lynching. 2315. Almeida, Rebeca. Kemmerer en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: FLACSO Sede Ecuador, 1994. 211 p. 2316. Almeida Vinueza, Jos. Luchas campesinas del siglo XX (primera parte), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 163-186. A working paper on peasant uprisings, movements, and organization from 1900 through 1961. See also item 2636. 2317. Alvarado Garaicoa, Teodoro. Exposicin necesaria. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sociedad Filantrpica, 1938. 27 p. A defense of his conduct como Secretario de la Jefatura Suprema de la Repblica. 2318. Alvares, Juan C. Breves apuntes de las campaas y acciones de guerra a que ha ocurrido el Sr. Coronel Juan C. Alvares. Quito: Impr. Popular, 1906. 27 p. 2319. Anlisis sobre la cuestin eleccionaria de 1900-1901. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo,

1900. 32 p. 2320. Andrade, Carlos. Notas histricas. Quito: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1900. 32 p. 2321. Andrade, Manuel de Jess. Pginas de sangre, o, Los asesinatos de Quito: el 28 de enero de 1912. Panam: Tip. Diario de Panam, 1912. ii, 120 p. 2322. Andrade, Roberto. Campaa de 20 das: (estudios histricos). Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1908. vi, 277 p. A first hand account of Alfaros overthrow of Lizardo Garca and of Alfaros return to power in 1905. 2323. Andrade, Roberto. Sangre! quin la derram?: (historia de los ltimos crmenes cometidos en la nacin del Ecuador). Quito: Impr. Antigua de El Quiteo Libre, 1912. 219 p. Blames Plaza, Freile Zaldumbide, Daz, Navarro, Intriago, and Sierra, among others, for the assassinations of Alfaro in Quito and of Julio Andrade in Guayaquil. 2324. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. La ley del progreso: El Ecuador en los ltimos quince aos. Quito: Casa Edit. de J.I. Glvez, 1910. 64 p. 2325. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Plaza. Quito: Impr. Jaramillo, 1905. 31 p. 2326. Antinazismo en Ecuador, aos 1941-1944: autobiografa del movimiento antinazi de Ecuador (MPAE-MAE), Raymond Meriguet Coussegal, 1 ed. Quito: R. Mergituet Coussegal, 1988. 415 p. Consists chiefly of photofacsimiles of the war years periodical Antinazi. 2327. Arcos, Carlos G. El espritu del progreso: los hacendados del Ecuador del 900, Cultura: 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 107-134. A preliminary study of the first years of the Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura. Reprinted in item 2239. 2328. Arcos, Gualberto. Aos de oprobio. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1940. 303 p. A chronicle of the 1930s. 2329. Arvalo, Emilio. Artculos varios. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, [1972?]. 132 p. 2330. Arvalo, Emilio. La cooperativa y el alza del cacao en 1912, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 261-290. Also reprinted in item 2351. Arvalo (1859-1915) was a cuencano, a lawyer, and a member of the Liberal Party. In this article, he examines the true causes of the depressed prices for cacao between 1907 and 1911. 2331. Aristizbal, Miguel. Somatn: artculos escogidos de El Pichincha: primer diario radical publicado en Quito en 1895-1896. Quito: Impr. de El Pichincha, 1896. lvii, 951, 6 p. An eyewitness account of coeval events. 2332. Arzaga, Rafael Mara. Escritos polticos y literarios, prlogo de Manuel Elicio Flor.

Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1962. 200 p. An anthology of the authors essays on various aspects of the politics and government, international relations, and political economy of the country. Originally published between 1897 and 1930. 2333. Armendaris, Luis A. Grmpola de combate: apuntaciones histricas que ponen al desnudo las dos ltimas dictaduras del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Tribuna, 1939. 179 p. 2334. Arroyo del Ro, Carlos Alberto. Bajo el imperio del odio: (las sanciones en el Ecuador). Bogot: Edit. El Grfico, 1946. 2 v. Memoirs of reprisals ousted President Arroyo del Ro and members of his administration suffered at the hands of the second Velasco Ibarra government. 2335. Arroyo del Ro, Carlos Alberto. Documentos para la historia. Bogot: Edit. Grfico, 1948. 101 p. Regarding Arroyo del Ros efforts to recover his properties (confiscated and embargoed by the administration of Velasco Ibarra in 1944). 2336. Arroyo del Ro, Carlos Alberto. En plena vorgine: (etapa trgico-cmica). Bogot: El Grfico, 1946. 2 v. Attacks the second presidency of Velasco Ibarra. 2337. Arroyo del Ro, Carlos Alberto. Intereses polticos: coleccin de artculos publicados en la prensa de Guayaquil para el debido esclarecimiento de ciertos acontecimientos de la poltica ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Janer, 1926. 36 p. 2338. La Asamblea Liberal ante la historia, [Manuel B. Cueva et. al.] Quito: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1905. 120 p. The partisans of Alfaro against those of Plaza and Garca. 2339. El Asesinato del Sr. general Dn. Eloy Alfaro. Panam: Tip. Moderna, 1912. 3 v. in 1. Contents: vol. 1, Manifiesto a la opinin pblica; vol. 2, El Asesinato ... y el manifiesto A la nacin del Gobierno del Ecuador ; vol. 3, Documentos y comentarios. 2340. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Cacao, capitalismo y revolucin liberal, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 91-125. Chap. 2 of the authors doctoral dissertation, The Liberal Revolution in Ecuador, 1895-1912. 2341. Ayala Mora, Enrique. De la revolucin alfarista al rgimen oligrquico liberal, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 9, p. 117-165. An excellent introduction to the politics and political economy of the years dominated by the Liberals (1895-1925) by an Oxford trained scholar. 2342. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Historia de la revolucin liberal ecuatoriana. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1994. 414 p. A solidly researched, comprehensive study of the Eloy Alfaro years and the Liberal Revolution

that has already begun to revolutionize the historiography of the period; see the Debate sobre la Historia de la revolucin liberal ecuatoriana, Procesos, 7 (I sem. 1995), 105-130, with contributions by Guillermo Bustos, Juan J. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Willington Paredes Ramrez, and Pablo Ospina. A revised version of Ayalas doctoral dissertation: The Liberal Revolution in Ecuador, 1895-1912. 1981. St. Anthonys College, Oxford University. 2343. Banco de Pichincha. Exposicin que hace el Banco de Pichincha a la Comisin del profesor Kemmerer y al pueblo ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. de El Da, [1926?]. 103 p. 2344. Baquero C., Jos Antonio. Causas de la depreciacin monetaria en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 63:308 (ene./jun. 1940), 35-136; 63:309 (jul./sept. 1940), 387-390; 63:310 (oct./dic. 1940), 599-646; 65:311 (ene./jun. 1941), 107-138. 2345. Barrera, Jos Ricardo. Descalificacin presidencial: el Congreso de 1932. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1950. 314 p. Pro-Neptal Bonifaz. 2346. Blanksten, George I. Ecuador, Constitutions and Caudillos. New York: Russell & Russell, 1964. xii, 196 p. Reprint; originally published: Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951. Based on authors doctoral dissertation (item 1913). 2347. Borrero, Manuel Mara. El coronel Antonio Vega Muoz y su ltima campaa militar. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1957. 329 p. Pro-Alfaro. 2348. Bueno, Luis Eduardo. El mes trgico: compilacin de documentos para la historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. Valdez, 1916. 311 p. Examines the rebellion of Pedro Montero and the lynching of Alfaro. 2349. Bustos, Guillermo. La identidad clase obrera a revisin: una lectura sobre las representaciones del Congreso Obrero de Ambato de 1938, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 2 (I sem. 1992), 73-104. A relatively sophisticated study of the working class of the early 1900s. Perhaps the most impressive aspect of this study is that Bustos endeavors to define the working class as it was rather than how it has been perceived ideologically. 2350. Bustos, Javier H. Campaa contra el Liberalismo desde 1895: concurrencia del centro, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 3:10 (abr. 1926), 205-215; 3:11 (jul. 1926), 299-317; 3:12 (oct. 1926), 359-364; 5:17 (ene. 1928), 27-45; 6:22 (abr. 1929), 113-117; 6:23 (jul. 1929), 183-137; 6:24 (oct. 1929), 188-194. 2351. El Cacao, Emilio Arvalo [et al.]. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. 222 p. Reprints several coeval essays and reports on economic conditions in the early-twentieth century, especially on the production and export of cacao. Includes: Emilio Arvalo, La cooperativa y el alza del cacao (1913); and Vctor Emilio Estrada, Ensayo sobre la balanza econmica del

Ecuador (1922). See also items 2329 and 2330. 2352. Cabrera, Luis G. Sumario instruido por el Fiscal General Militar de la Repblica, para establecer lo que hubiere de verdad en los denuncios y cargos formulados por el peridico El Guante, de Guayaquil, contra la conducta funcionaria de ... Luis Cabrera. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin del Estado Mayor General, 1913. 140 p. 2353. Calle, Ezequiel. Cartas polticas al General Eloy Alfaro, jefe supremo de la Repblica. Cuenca: Impr. J.M. Montesinos, 1896. 75 p. Unsolicited political advise from a Conservative and therefore an adversary. 2354. Calle, Manuel J. Charlas de Ernesto Mora, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 2 v. An anthology of newspaper articles published in El Guante (Guayaquil) and other newspapers between 1911 and 1918 under authors nom de plume. 2355. Calle, Manuel J. Cuestin del da: algunas palabras sobre el Partido Conservador Ecuatoriano. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1897. 20 p. 2356. Calle, Manuel J. Cuestiones del da: breve resumen de algunos asuntos de actualidad poltica. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1904. x, 238 p. 2357. Calle, Manuel J. Historia de un crimen. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1897. 32 p. Regarding the execution of Luis Vargas Torres. 2358. Calle, Manuel J. Manuel J. Calle (Ernesto Mora): epistolario, prlogo y compilacin del Prof. Vctor Manuel Quesada. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. 202 p. 2359. Calle, Manuel J. Seores y amigos!, cuatro palabras al Partido Liberal Ecuatoriano: editoriales de El Diario, publicacin quitea. Quito: Impr. de El Diario, 1901. x, 47 p. 2360. Campaa, Anbal. 25 aos de vida del Seguro Social Ecuatoriano, Boletn del Instituto Nacional de Previsin, 90/91 (jul./dic. 1960), 22-32. 2361. Campaa, Anbal. Gnesis del Seguro Social Ecuatoriano y su evolucin, Revista del Instituto de Derecho del Trabajo y de Investigaciones Sociales, 1 (ene./jun. 1961), 93-101. 2362. Campaa, Anbal. El Seguro Social en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Caja del Seguro, 1954. 192 p. 2363. La Campaa de siete das: ataque a la Bolvar, combate de cuatro das, entrada de los invasores, narracin de testigos presenciales. Quito: Impreso por M.C. Gmez R., 1933. 102 p. 2364. Las Candidaturas de los seores doctores Jos Luis Tamayo y Gonzalo S. Crdova a la presidencia de la repblica: voto de un elector. Quito: Impr. de El Liberal, 1919. 16 p. 2365. Carbo, Luis Alberto. Historia monetaria y cambiaria del Ecuador desde la poca colonial. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1978. 675 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1953. A pioneering and still

basic work. Notwithstanding the title, almost entirely given over to post-1895 developments. 2366. Crdenas, Jos Corsino. La economa y los problemas del desarrollo en el Ecuador, Revista de derecho social ecuatoriano, 4/5 (ene./jun. 1953), 119-151. 2367. Crdenas de Bustamante, Hipatia. Encuesta: Que debe hacer el Ecuador para librarse de las dictaduras? Quito: Litografa e Impr. Romero, 1939. 189 p. 2368. La Carretera Rumichaca-Babahoyo: historia. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1928. 128 p. 2369. Carrillo, Gonzalo. Ajedrez y poltica universitaria: el a.b.c. de la juventud rebelde. Quito: Impr. 28 de Mayo, [1944?]. 160 p. 2370. Castro Medina, Manuel. Para la historia nacional de la codicia. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1992. 168 p. A social and economic as well as political and ideological study of the Liberal period. Not a complete or integral history but one, nonetheless, replete with insights on the bourgeoisie of the coast, large landowners throughout the country, the Catholic Church, and the state. 2371. Clark, A. Kim. Indians, the State and Law: Public Works and the Struggle to Control Labor in Liberal Ecuador, Journal of Historical Sociology, 7:1 (Mar. 1994), 49-72. 2372. Coello, Federico. Para el pueblo. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg de Emilio A. Uzctegui, 1934. 87 p. 2373. Colomba Silva, Enrique. Aspectos generales de la poltica petrolera ecuatoriana, Boletn del Instituto Sudamericano de Petrleo, 2:1 (ago. 1945), 59-76. 2374. Concha Enrquez, Pedro. Realidad: crtica a la poltica contempornea del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1940. 131 p. 2375. Concha Enrquez, Pedro. Sancin 1941-1942: trgica etapa gubernamental ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1945. 200 p. Anti-Arroyo del Ro. 2376. Crdova, Andrs F. El problema vial del Ecuador. Cuenca: Edit. El Mercurio, 1944. 73 p. 2377. Crdova, Andrs F. La vida poltica ecuatoriana a travs de la Constitucin dcima tercera, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 8:32 (jul. 1938), 369-385. Analyzes the Constitution of 1929, the Congress of 1930, and the fall of Ayora in 1931. 2378. Crawford de Roberts, Lois. El Ecuador en la poca cacaotera: respuestas locales al auge y colapso en el ciclo monoexportador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1980. 276 p. Publishes the authors doctoral dissertation (presented under a different name, Lois Johnson Weinman): Ecuador and Cacao: Domestic Response to the Boom-Collapse Monoexport Cycle. 1970. xi, 384 leaves. University of California, Los Angeles. A study of the politics and economics of the country at large, not just of the central-south coast, between 1890 and 1925. Based on interviews as well as some archival research and published materials.

2379. Crespo Ordez, Roberto. Historia del Ferrocarril del Sur. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. xvi, 273, ii p. 2380. Crespo Toral, Jorge. El comunismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Librera Cultura, 1958. 62 p. 2381. Crisis y cambios de la economa ecuatoriana en los aos veinte: ensayos conmemorativos por los sesenta aos de fundacin del Banco Central del Ecuador, Carlos Marchn Romero, compilador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 553 p. 2382. El Cuerpo diplomtico y la guerra de los cuatro das, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (ago. 1968), 41-56. Publishes the 1932 dispatches of William Dawson, the ambassador of the United States in Quito, regarding the War of the Four Days. Includes an introductory note by Robert E. Norris. 2383. Cueva, Agustn. El Ecuador de 1925 a 1960, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 87-121. A regurgitation of the item 2243. Also incorporates sections from Cuevas El Ecuador en los aos treinta, Amrica Latina en los aos treinta, Luis Antezana [et al.] (Mxico: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, 1977), p. 214-238, and his El proceso de dominacin poltica (item 2246). Important not as historical synthesis because Cuevas work suffers from ideological blinders, but as an example of how Ecuadorian Marxists interpret their recent past. Continued by item 2698. 2385. Cueva Silva, Jaime. Las finanzas pblicas del Ecuador. Quito: [s.n.], 1960. 246 p. 2386. Cunningham, Charles Henry. Economic and Financial Conditions in Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1931. ii, 40 p. (Trade Information Bulletin, U.S. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce; 773) 2387. Chves, Angel Polibio. Libro de recortes. Ambato: Impr. Escolar, 1929. vii, 472 p. An anthology of newspaper articles on political events and literary developments by an Army officer. 2388. Chiriboga, Manuel. Auge cacaotero y economa regional: la costa ecuatoriana a inicios del siglo XX, Estados y naciones en los Andes, hacia una historia comparativa: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Per, J.P. Deler y Y. Saint-Geours, compiladores (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos; Instituto Francs de Estudios Andinos, 1986), vol. 1, p. 293-315. Concerned with concomitant developments in the highlands as well. See also the Debate sobre la ponencia de: Manuel Chiriboga ..., ibid., p. 317-322, with comments by Manuel Burga, Jean Piel, Germn Colmenares, Rafael Quintero, Jean-Paul Deler, and replies by Chiriboga. 2389. Chiriboga, Manuel. Auge y crisis de una economa agroexportadora: el perodo cacaotero, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 9, p. 55-115. A solid essay on the the cacao boom and bust of 1880-1919. (See also items 2388 and 5940.) Chronologically and thematically continued by item 2507.

2390. Chiriboga, Manuel. Emergencia y consolidacin de la burguesa agro-exportadora en el Ecuador durante el perodo cacatero, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 3:10/11 (1979), 29-57. See also item 5938. 2391. Chiriboga Ordez, Leonardo. Sepultureros de la patria: enjuiciamiento de las responsabilidades. Quito: [s.n.], 1945. 250 p. At head of titles: Para la historia del desastre nacional de 1941. Blames Arroyo del Ro for the 1941 loss of territory to Peru. 2392. Da Ros, Giuseppina. Orgenes del cooperativismo agrcola en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:23 (set./dic. 1985), 259-279. 2393. Dvila, Aurelio. El 25 de abril de 1907: recuerdos histricos. Guayaquil: Impr. Popular, 1909. ii, 174 p. Memoirs of the student and worker protests of the rigged elections of 1907, and of the Apr. 25 slaughter of universitarios y obreros. 2394. De la Torre Espinosa, Carlos. La seduccin velasquista. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern; FLACSO-Sede Ecuador, 1993. 261 p. A well documented, methodologically sophisticated, exceptionally insightful study of the first and second Velasquismo. Based on the authors doctoral dissertation. 2395. De la Torre Espinosa, Carlos. Velasco Ibarra and La Revolucin Gloriosa: the Social Production of a Populist Leader in Ecuador in the 1940s, Journal of Latin American Studies, 26:3 (Nov. 1994), 683-711. Utilizes discourse analysis to explain how Velasco Ibarra was able to become the central political figure of the country in the mid-1940s. Also takes into account the economic, political, and social circumstances of the times. See also De la Torre Espinosas El Velasquismo: democracia y poltica de masas en el Ecuador de los aos 40, in El populismo en Espaa y Amrica, Jos Alvarez Junco, Ricardo Gonzlez Leandri, compiladores (Madrid: Edit. Catriel, 1994), p. 215-231. 2396. Deas, Malcolm. Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, c. 1880-1930, Cambridge History of Latin America, edited by Leslie Bethell, vol. 5 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 641-682, 863-870. Includes a succinct but knowledgeable review of the historiography of the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century. See also item 56. 2397. Debates sobre la inconvertibilidad del sucre en el Directorio del Banco Central en 1932, estudio introductorio a cargo de Fernando Rodrguez Landvar, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:1 (primer semestre 1987), 99-166. Publishes the discussions held by the Board of Directors of the Banco Central over the executive decrees of 8 Feb. 1932, suspending the conversion of the sucre to gold and the loan of 15,000,000 sucres to the government. 2398. Del Campo, Esteban. El populismo en Ecuador, Ecuador hoy (item 2734), p. 198-237.

2399. Daz, Octavio. Explicacin necesaria. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1911. 10 p. Regarding the lynching of Alfaro. 2400. Daz, Octavio. Los sucesos del 28 de enero de 1912: basta de silencio. Cuenca: Veintimilla, 1918. 8 p. 2401. Daz, Octavio. Los sucesos del 28 de enero de 1912: mi defensa ante la nacin. Cuenca: Veintimilla, 1916. 47 p. Items 2400 and 2401 are also available as: Los sucesos del 2 de enero de 1912: mi defensa. Cuenca: Manuel J. Vintimilla, 1918. 8, 47 p. 2402. Dillon, Luis Napolen. La crisis econmico-financiera del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Artes Grficas, 1927. xii, 309 p. Written to inform the Kemmerer Mission of the true problems of the economy. Dillon, one of the promoters of the July Revolution, blamed private banks and previous governments for the crisis of 1917-1925. Includes supplementary material such as the 1925 report by Ernesto Molestina O., James Birch Rorer, and Luis A. Martnez to the Minister of Hacienda regarding the state of cacao haciendas in the region of Balao. 2403. Documentos: a la nacin. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1912. 50 p. Regarding the lynching of Alfaro. 2404. Drake, Paul W. La Misin Kemmerer en el Ecuador: revolucin y regionalismo, Cultura, 8:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 211-276. A detailed, objective, and scholarly study of the attempt by the July revolutionaries and President Ayora to reestablish the political supremacy of the central government and therefore of Quito over the banking and commercial elite of Guayaquil and to bring the country as a whole into the twentieth century and up to the level of the United States and Western Europe through the introduction of modern and therefore sound banking and fiscal policies. 2405. Drake, Paul W. The Money Doctor in the Andes: The Kemmerer Missions, 1923-1933. Durham: Duke University Press, 1989. 335 p. Also published in Spanish as Kemmerer en los Andes. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 423 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; 5) See esp. chap. 4, Revolution and Regionalism in Ecuador, 1925-1933 (p. 125-174 and 298-307), the English version of item 2404. 2406. Durn Barba, Jaime. Orgenes del movimiento obrero artesanal, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 9, p. 167-204. A data rich account of the early history of the labor movement, from its beginnings in 1892 through the mid-1920s. An excellent prcis. Continued by item 2544. 2407. Ecuador. Asamblea Nacional (1928-1929). Diario de debates. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1929-1930. 3 v. 2408. Ecuador. Congreso. Cmara del Senado. Diez aos de labor legislativa, 1951-1960. Quito: El Congreso, 1961. 2 v.

2409. Ecuador. Junta de Gobierno Nacional (1925-1926). Documentos relacionados con la transformacin poltica-militar del 9 de julio de 1925. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1925. 134 p. 2410. Ecuador. President (1926-1931 : Ayora). Mensaje del presidente provisional de la Repblica a la Asamblea Nacional. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1928. 54 p. 2411. Ecuador. President (1934-1935: Velasco Ibarra). Un momento de transicin poltica. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1935. 311 p. A set of primary sources on the first administration of Velasco Ibarra. 2412. Ecuador. President (1937-1938: Enrquez Gallo). Para la historia. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1938. 106 p. Consists of documents demonstrating that the administration of General Enrquez enjoyed popular support. 2413. Ecuador. President (1944-1947: Velasco Ibarra). El 30 de marzo de 1946: actividades actuales del gobierno del 28 de mayo. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 104 p. 2414. Ecuador. President (1944-1947: Velasco Ibarra). Los sucesos del 30 de marzo de 1946: documentos. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. 2 v. 2415. Ecuador. President (1948-1952: Plaza Laso). El gobierno del Sr. Galo Plaza, presidente constitucional del Ecuador para el periodo de 1948-1952. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1948. 120 p. 2416. Ecuador. President (1952-1956: Velasco Ibarra). Un paso en firme: seis meses de administracin del Dr. Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra. Quito: Tall. Grf. nacionales, 1953. 127 p. 2417. Ecuador. President (1956-1960: Ponce Enrquez). Programa y realizacin de gobierno. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1959-1960. 4 v. 2418. Elizalde, Rafael Hector. Intereses nacionales: necesidad de organizar los partidos polticos en el Ecuador. Santiago: Impr. Franco-Chilena, 1913. 42 p. 2419. Endara, Carlos Honorato. Desde el mirador de Amrica: la dictadura y la patria nueva. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1936. 45 p. 2420. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Apuntes de historia contempornea. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1948. 77 p. 2421. Estado, nacin y cultura: los proyectos histricos en el Ecuador, Adrin Carrasco V., Mara Augusta Vintimilla, Cecilia Surez; colaboradores, Pablo Estrella V., Tarquino Orellana, Edgar Cevallos, ed. nica. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1988. 375 p. Part of the Project Nacin, Estado Nacional y Cultura Nacional en el Ecuador, 1895-1944, sponsored by the Institute of Social Research of the University of Cuenca. 2422. Estrada, Emilio. Historia: revolucin de enero de 1906. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1906. 10 p. 2423. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Un captulo real de la historia nacional, o, El trmino de una regencia. Guayaquil: Edit. Cervantes, 1951. 35 p.

A defense of Carlos Freile Zaldumbide and of his father Emilio Estrada against Olmedo Alfaros charges that they were responsible for the assassination of Eloy Alfaro (see item 2314). 2424. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. La crisis de los cambios en el Ecuador: contribucin al estudio de sus causas. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1924. 34 p. 2425. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. El desastre monetario del Ecuador: causas y culpables. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1940. 43 p. 2426. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. La evolucin de la teora monetaria y del crdito, en sus aspectos relativos a la depreciacin del circulante. Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1925. 25 p. 2427. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Informe al Sr. Ministro de Hacienda, para conocimiento del Sr. Presidente de la Repblica y del pas en general. Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1923. 107 p. 2428. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. El momento econmico en el Ecuador; Procurando hacer pas; La Tragedia monetaria pasada y la futura: sus casusas, sus narcticos y sus remedios. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1950. 86 p. 2429. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Moneda y bancos en el Ecuador, estudio introductorio, Ren Benalczar; nota preliminar y revisin del original, Julio Estrada Ycaza. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1982. 412 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 17) Reprint; originally published: Quito, 1925. A major study of the fiscal crisis that began in 1914. Also an important source for understanding the political economy of the times inasmuch as Victor Emilio was a maker as well as a writer of history. 2430. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Para la historia: mayo 28-septiembre 3 de 1944. Guayaquil: Artes Grf. Senefelder, 1945. 72 p. Justifies the authors participation in the overthrow of Arroyo del Ro and the return to power of Velasco Ibarra. 2431. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. La poltica econmica desde la revolucin juliana. Guayaquil: Edit. Cervantes, 1928. 70 p. 2432. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. El problema econmico del Ecuador en 1934: algunos fundamentos para su solucin. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1934. 2 v. Also available in reprint: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1982. 2 v. 2433. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. El problema vital del Ecuador: fuertes o esclavos, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 89 p. 2434. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Una propuesta de poltica econmica ante la posibilidad de ocupara la cartera de hacienda en el gabinete de Neptal Bonifaz A. (1932), Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:5 (1989), 231-252. 2435. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. La tragedia monetaria del Ecuador: la construccin y destruccin del Banco Central en 1938. Guayaquil: Artes. Grf. Senefelder, 1940. 311 p.

2436. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. La campaa de Esmeraldas, 1913-1916, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 9:17 (jun. 1980), 5-125. 2437. La Evolucin poltica del 11 de agosto de 1911: relato de sus autores [Leonardo Narvez et. al.]. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1911. 25 p. 2438. Falcon, Luis Alberto. Lucas Noespinto vuelve a la carga. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1997. 620 p. Consists of newspaper articles of the 1920 and 1930s, by the riobambeo journalist Luis Alberto Falcon (1895-1941), who published under the pseudonym Lucas Noespinto. This anthology, taken from the pages of El Comercio and El Da in Quito and El Universo in Guayaquil, comments upon and illuminates many aspects and personages of the early twentieth century. 2439. El Ferrocarril de Guayaquil a Quito: contratos y otros documentos importantes, 18971911. Quito: Tall. de El Comercio, 1912. 451 p. 2440. El Ferrocarril de Riobamba y la revolucin del 1 de enero de 1906. Riobamba: Impr. Municipal, 1906. 61 p. Signed: Un riobambeo. 2441. Fischer, Sabine. Crisis mundial, poltica econmica y el sector manufacturero: algunas consideraciones en torno al desarrollo industrial en el Ecuador durante los aos 30, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 5:15/16 (1984), 139-157. 2442. Fischer, Sabine. Estado, clase e industria: la emergencia del capitalismo ecuatoriano y los intereses azucareros. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 265 p. A study of the sugar industry and interests in the first half of the twentieth century. 2443. Franco, Ernesto. Conferencia poltica sobre la crisis econmica y fiscal. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1931. 29 p. 2444. Franco, Ernesto. La crisis econmica actual y sus causas. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1910. 35 p. 2445. Franco, Ernesto. Inundacin de papeles inconvertibles. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1923. 19 p. Published under pseudonym: Focke. 2446. Franco, Ernesto. Nuestra crisis econmica: sus causas y remedios. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1931. 64 p. 2447. Franco, Gustavo; and Palemn Custode. Historia del rgimen cambiario en el Ecuador, Economa ecuatoriana (Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1960), p. 95-107. 2448. Fulvio. Ferrocarril de Alfaro. Cuenca: Impr. de F. Vintimilla, 1897. 35 p. Attacks the contract signed with Archer Harman. 2449. Garcs, Enrique. Bajo una lluvia de balas: los cuadros trgicos en el Hospital Civil.

Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. 46 p. An eye witness account of the War of Four Days (1932). 2450. Garca, Lenidas. Dos captulos de historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 182 p. An analysis of the Liberal campaign of 1895 and of the events leading up to the Revolution of that year by a doctrinaire Liberal. 2451. Garca, Lenidas. Ideologa de la transformacin del 9 de julio. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1925. 33 p. At head of title: Conferencia. 2452. Garca, Lenidas. El presidente Alfaro y el 25 de abril de 1907. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1955. 31 p. 2453. Garca Ortiz, Humberto. La forma nacional: ensayo de una sociologa de la nacin ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1942. 384 p. 2454. Girn, Sergo Enrique. La revolucin de mayo. Quito: Edit. Atahualpa, 1945. 426 p. An account of La Gloriosa by a participant. 2455. Gonzlez Pez, Miguel Angel. Memorias histricas: gnesis del liberalismo, su triunfo y sus obras en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1934. viii, 638 p. 2456. Gonzlez V., Jorge Enrique. A donde va el Ecuador? Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1939. xxviii, 125 p. 2457. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. Introduccin al documento sobre el arrastre de los Alfaro, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 375-412. 2458. Guerrero, Rafael; and Erika Silva. La crisis nacional general de 1895, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 93-107. 2459. Guerrero Martnez, Alberto. Verdad y justicia: el problema poltico de 1932, la descalificacin presidencial. Quito: Impr. Industria, 1940. 152 p. 2460. Harman, Archer; and Eloy Alfaro. Ferrocarril trasandino: cartas cruzadas entre el gerente de la empresa y el General don Eloy Alfaro. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1902. 12 p. 2461. Hidalgo, Daniel B. El militarismo: sus causas y remedios. Quito: R. Racines C., 1912. 236 p. Blames militarism for the problems of the country. 2462. Holligan, Mike. El medio circulante y la economa ecuatoriana en los aos treinta, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:6 (1989), 15-86. The lead essay in a series of four on the economic crisis of the 1927-1932. Originally presented at the Segundo Encuentro de Historia Econmica (1988: Quito). Holligan maintains that monetarism is the key to understanding the political economy of the late 1920s and early 1930s,

and offers methodologically more sophisticated and probably more accurate time series of money in circulation than heretofore available. See also Pablo Lucio Paredess Comentario (p. 8795) and the exchange between Holligan and Lucio Paredes (p. 95-101). 2463. Ibarra, Hernn. La formacin del movimiento popular, 1925-1936. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1984. 113 p. 2464. Insa Rodrguez, Ramn. Estudios de economa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1942. 282 p. 2465. Intriago, J.F. Notas histricas sobre responsabilidades de los crmenes del 28 de enero de 1912. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1912. 39 p. By one of the accused. 2466. Jcome, Augusto R. El Explico de Federico Pez. Quito: Impr. Americana, 1939. 23 p. A commentary on Pezs Explico (item 2544). 2467. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. La Asamblea Liberal y sus aspectos polticos. Quito: Impr. Editorial Quito, 1924. xlviii, 369 p. Memoirs and analysis of the 1923/1924 assembly of the Partido Liberal Radical by one of its members as well as one of the countrys leading intellectuals. 2468. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Poltica conservadora. Riobamba: Tip. y Encuadernacin La Buena Prensa del Chimborazo, 1929-1934. 2 v. 2469. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Poltica conservadora, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Ricardo Muoz Chvez . Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, [1980] 303 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 7) A representative statement of the political and social thought of the ideologues of the Partido Conservador during the early 1900s. Includes selections from item 2467. 2470. Jirn, Sergio Enrique. La revolucin de mayo. Quito: Edit. Atahualpa, 1945. 426 p. Jirn was one of the military leaders of the 28 de mayo. 2471. Jordn M., Aniceto. Revoluciones criollas. Quito: Ediciones Antorcha, 1938. 146 p. 2472. Juan, Jorge. Que significa la dictadura que pesa actualmente sobre el Ecuador?. Quito: Impr. Gmez, 1936. 72 p. An insightful account of the fall of Velasco Ibarra in 1935 and the establishment of the Federico Pez dictatorship by an eyewitness, the true identity of whom I have been unable to ascertain. 2473. Junta Liberal de Pichincha. Junta Liberal de Pichincha, 1918-1919. Quito: Impr. de El Diario Social, 1919. 93 p. 2474. Kemmerer, Edwin Walter. Diario personal de su permanencia en el Ecuador, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 481-538. See also Rafael Cordero Aguilar, Introduccin al diario del Profesor Kemmerer, in ibid., 463-

479. 2475. La Moto, Marco Antonio. Lo que vi en El Oro: (el reportaje periodstico ecuatoriano ms trascendental de 1942). Guayaquil: Impr. El Telgrafo, 1942. 90 p. 2476. Lamus G., Ramn. Pginas de verdad: la ltima guerra ecuatoriana, 1911-1912. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1912. 329 p. Lamus was the private secretary of General Flavio E. Alfaro. 2477. Larrea Alba, Luis. La campaa de 1906: antecedentes de la revolucin alfarista, su desarrollo, sus consecuencias, el conflcito de 1910. Quito: Industrias Grf. Cyma, 1962. 173 p. 2478. Larrea Alba, Luis. La campaa de 1941: la agresin peruana al Ecuador, sus antecedentes histricos, polticos y militares. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1964. 2 v. Items 2477 and 2478 are military histories by a carrer officer. 2479. Larrea Chiriboga, Alberto. Algunas opiniones del profesor Kemmerer y mis puntos de vista. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1931. 32 p. 2480. Larrea Jijn, Modesto. Apuntes para la historia: sucesos que culminaron con la revolucin de Tulcn, el 31 de enero de 1932. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1957. 96 p. 2481. Larrea Stacy, Eduardo. Ensayo sobre la moneda: con un apndice sobre la situacin monetaria del Ecuador de 1925-1932. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. 340 p. 2482. Laso, Luis Eduardo. Estudios econmicos: dos conferencias dictadas en la Universidad Central de Quito. Quito: [s.n.], 1942. 63 p. Contents: Breves consideraciones sobre la economa nacional; Posibles proyecciones econmicas de la guerra sobre Amrica Latina y sobre el Ecuador. 2483. Lemus, Gil. Horcos: narra lo ocurrido en Quito y Guayaquil de 11 de agosto de 1911 a 28 de enero de 1912: con acopio de notas minuciosas relata la ultimacin de Montero, de Alfaro y de Andrade. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1912. 42 p. 2484. El Liberalismo ecuatoriano dividido por la Junta Suprema del Partido. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, [1953?]. 39 p. 2485. El Liberalismo en el Ecuador: de la gesta al porvenir, edicin de Blasco Peaherrera Padilla. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Fundacin Eloy Alfaro; Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1991. 258 p. A collection of papers and commentaries presented at a 1990 seminar on the significance of liberalism in Ecuador. The authors include politicians and journalists as well as academicians. 2486. Linke, Lilo. Andean Adventure: a Social and Political Study of Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia. London: Hutchinson, 1945. 288 p. 2487. Linke, Lilo. The Political Scene in Ecuador: President Velasco Takes Over, The World Today, 9:3 (Mar. 1953), 130-138.

2488. Literatura y cultura nacional en el Ecuador: los proyectos ideolgicos y la realidad social, 1895-1944, Adrin Carrasco [et al.]. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay; Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de a Universidad de Cuenca, 1985. 364 p. 2489. Loewenfeld, Eva. The Guayaquil and Quito Railway, Ecuador, Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 27:1 (June 1946), 68-93. A history of the construction of the Guayaquil-Quito Railroad and its acquisition by the state. 2490. Loor, Wilfrido. Estudios histrico-polticos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1939. 335 p. A study of the rebellion of Pedro Montero, the death of Eloy Alfaro, and of the church-state issue. In this work Loor, a Catholic Conservative, attacks Gonzlez Surez, also a Conservative, for the stance the archbishop historian took on the handling of the separation of the church and the state and therefore of the church by the Liberals. Provoked a major polemic. 2491. Lpez, Lenidas A. Monografa de la hacienda pblica ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1916. ix, 222 p. A study of the economic crisis of the times and a proposal for its solution. 2492. Lovato, Juan Isaac. Partido Socialista Ecuatoriano: un ao de lucha socialista: informe al VIII Congreso del PSE, 29 nov.-7 dic. 1941. Quito: Editora Socialista, 1942. 70 p. 2493. Luna Tamayo, Milton. Los movimientos sociales en los treinta: el rol protagnico de la multitud, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:6 (1989), 199-235. The fourth essay presented at the 1988 Encuentro de Historia Econmica. A study of economic and social uprest, especially of crowd movements. See also Hernn Ibarras Comentario (p. 236-242) and the exchange between Luna and Ibarra (p. 242-247). 2494. Luna Tamayo, Milton. Orgenes del movimiento obrero de la sierra ecuatoriana: el Centro Obrero Catlico, Cultura, 9:26 (sept./dic. 1986), 285-315. 2495. Llerena, Jos Alfredo. Frustracin poltica en 22 aos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 113 p. Examines political violence between 1925 and 1947. 2496. Maier, Georg. The Impact of Velasquismo on the Ecuadoran Political System. 268 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 1966. 2497. Maiguascha, Juan. Las clases subalternas en los aos treinta, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:6 (1989), 165-189. The third presentation at the Segundo Encuentro de Historia Econmica. An essay on the changing relationships between the classes and the political consequences thereof, including the origins of velasquismo. See also Enrique Ayala Moras Comentario (p. 190-197). 2498. Maldonado Estrada, Luis. Una etapa histrica en la vida nacional. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1954. 270 p. A favorable account of the Galo Plaza administration (1948-1952) and the presidential elections of 1952.

2499. Maldonado Estrada, Luis. Socialismo ecuatoriano: ensayo sobre la revolucin nacional. Guayaquil: Edit. Pginas Selectas, 1935. 58 p. 2500. Maldonado Tamayo, Luis. Traicin a la democracia en el Ecuador. Quito: [s.n.], 1947. 58 p. 2501. Manrique Izquieta, Carlos. Estudio estadstico de algunos aspectos de la situacin general del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sociedad. Filantrpica, 1936. 126 p. A pioneering quantitative study of the demography, education, and economy of Ecuador in the first third of the twentieth century. Includes some times series from the late 1800s onward. 2502. Marchn Romero, Carlos. La crisis deflacionaria de la economa ecuatoriana de los aos treinta, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:6 (1989), 103-156. The second article in the 1988 Encuentro de Historia Econmica. Marchn Romero divides the crisis years into two periods, 1927-1929 and 1930-1930. He finds that the expansionist monetary policy of the first period enable the country to weather the economic crisis provoked by the collapse of cacao, but that the the abandonment of the gold standard and the fall of the July government intensified the crisis during the second period. See also Germnico Salgados Comentario thereupon (p. 157-163). 2503. Martnez Mera, Juan de Dios. Manifiesto poltico. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. 54 p. 2504. Medina Castro, Manuel. Para la historia nacional de la codicia y otros apuntes sobre la reforma liberal, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Guayas, 1992. 163 p. 2505. El Mes trgico: compilacin de documentos para la historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Impreso por V. Valdez, 1916. 307 p. 28 de enero de 1912--Cover. 2506. Milk, Richard Lee. Growth and Development of Ecuadors Worker Organizations, 18951944. 1977. v, 194 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University. 2507. Mio Grijalva, Wilson. La economa ecuatoriana de la gran recesin a la crisis bananera, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 37-69. A solid survey of economic developments from the Kemmerer reforms through the 1960s. See also item 2620. 2508. Un Momento de transicin poltica, 1934-1935. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1935. 311 p. Official messages, decrees, etc. of Velasco Ibarra and media articles on his administration. 2509. Moeller, August. Der Exporthandel nach Ecuador. Bckeburg: H. Prinz, 1936. xix, 202 p. A doctoral dissertation on the export trade of Ecuador during the first third of the twentieth century. 2510. Moncayo Andrade, Abelardo. Pensamiento econmico de Abelardo Moncayo Andrade.

Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1981. xix, 208 p. 2511. Moncayo Andrade, Abelardo. Pensamiento poltico. Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 152 p. Items 2510 and 2511 reprint representative examples of the economic and political thought of a leading Liberal economist. Moncayo was instrumental in the reformation of the national financial system in the late 1920s. Item 2511 includes: Apuntes biogrficos sobre Abelardo Moncayo Andrade por Elas Muoz Vernaza (p. 11-68). 2512. Moncayo Gallegos, Paco. Las fuerzas armadas: de la revolucin alfarista al movimiento juliano, Boletin histrico (Quito), 11 (31/32), 22-48. 2513 Monsalve, Pedro. Las campaas por la libertad: ao 1896, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 2:6 (abr. 1925), 138-149; 2:7/8 (jul./oct. 1925), 354-369. 2514. Monteza Tafur, Miguel. El conflicto militar del Per con el Ecuador, 1941. Lima: Edit. Arica, 1976. 299 p. The author was a a member of the military command in charge of the invasion of Ecuador. 2515. Mora Bowen, Alfonso. El Liberalismo Radical y su trayectoria histrica: apuntes para una socio-poltica. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1940. 283 p. 2516. Mora Bowen, Alfonso. Mensaje laico a la juventud y docencia libres de mi patria!: exgesis de la poltica, a travs de los regmenes pseudo Liberales-Radicales. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1946. 165 p. 2517. Mora Lpez, Jos. El Ecuador en la Constituyente de 1896. Portoviejo: Colegio Olmedo, 1896. 42 p. 2518. Mora Lpez, Jos. Historia del ferrocarril trasandino. Quito: [s.n.], 1908. 111 p. 2519. Mora Lpez, Jos. Pacificacin de la Repblica, o, Nueva poltica ecuatoriana. [Portoviejo]: El Eco, 1899. 48 p. 2520. Mora Lpez, Jos. El suicidio del coronel Antonio Vega Muoz. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1907. 54 p. 2521. Moreano, Alejandro. Capitalismo y lucha de clases en la primera mitad del siglo XX, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 137-224. A Marxist interpretation of the years 1895-1960. Opens with the usual misstatements, citing the usual less than credible source: Tras las montaneras alfaristas vinieron los plantadores, comerciantes y banqueros. El machete del Viejo Luchador haba desbrozado los caminos para el desarrollo del capitalismo ecuatoriano. Con este objetivo, precisamente, lo haban llamado a Panam el 5 de junio de 1895. Moreanos source is none other than Albornoz Peraltas Del crimen de El Ejido (item 2309). 2522. Moreno, Julio E. La revolucin del 9 de julio y el gobierno de la dictadura. Quito: Talleres Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1928. 81 p.

An insiders account. Moreno was the Minister of the Interior (1926-1930). 2523. Moreno, Julio E. El sentido histrico y la cultura: (para una sociologa ecuatoriana). Quito: Litografa e Impr. Romero, 1940. 381 p. 2524. Moreno, Manuel. Rasgos histricos del 11 de agosto de 1911: como caen los tiranos. Quito: El Comercio, 1911. 80 p. 2525. Moreno, Segundo Luis. La campaa de Esmeraldas de 1913-1916: encabezada por el coronel graduado, don Carlos Concha Torres. Cuenca: Tip. Universidad, 1939. 50 p. Also published in: Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 33/34 (abr. 1939/ago. 1940), 1-49. 2526. Moreno Andrade, Alberto. Media centuria de ruina y opresin: breve esquema de la realidad poltica ecuatoriana: tres conferencias de actualidad. Quito: Impr. Amrica, 1943. 68 p. 2527. Muoz, Julio H. La campaa internacional de 1941. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1945. xxiv, 193 p. 2528. Muoz, Leonardo J. Testimonio de lucha: memorias sobre la historia del socialismo en el Ecuador, introduccin de Enrique Ayala Mora. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Ediciones La Tierra, 1988. 151 p. 2529. Muoz Vicua, Elas. La guerra civil ecuatoriana de 1895: una epopeya de la revolucin burguesa antifeudal: el triunfo del Partido Radical de Eloy Alfaro, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 520 p. Includes Manuel de Jess Andrades previously unpublished Ecuatorianos notables contemporneos (1912). 2530. Muriel H., Vctor M. La muerte del coronel Antonio Vega Muoz. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1907. 35 p. 2531. Murkland, Harry B. Crisis in Ecuador, Current History, 11:59 (July 1946), 20-24. At head of title: President Velasco is the Only Man Strong Enough to Destroy Velasco. 2532. Naranjo Campaa, Jos Aurelio. Verdades sobre la Revolucin de Mayo: el Batalln de Infantera Carchi en La Gloriosa: efemrides del 28 y 29 de mayo de 1944, en Guayaquil. Quito: Edit. Escuela Central Tcnica, 1945. 42 p. An account by one of the army officers who participated in the revolution that resulted in the first return of Velasco Ibarra to the presidency. 2533. Narvez, Leopoldo. La revolucin poltica del 11 de agosto de 1911. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1911. 25 p. 2534. Narvez J., Pedro A. Por el Ecuador y por la Amrica Latina ... Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1944. 84 p. 2535. Navarro, Juan Francisco. A la nacin y para la historia: exposicin documentada del Ministro de Guerra y Marina de la Repblica del Ecuador sobre los sucesos de la noche del 5-6

de marzo de 1912. Quito: Impr. y Encuad. Nacionales, 1912. 47 p. Navarro tries to demonstrate his lack of complicity and therefore lack of culpability in the assassination of Julio Andrade. 2536. Navas Portugal, Miguel. Los sucesos del 15 de abril. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1907. 76 p. 2537. Noboa, Guillermo. Pueblo y soldados de mi patria. Quito: Industrias Grficas Cyma, 1960. 166 p. 2538. Nuez Snchez, Jorge. La revolucin alfarista de 1895, 1 ed. Quito: Centro para el Desarrollo Social, 1995. 91 p. 2539. Ochoa O., Octavio A. Zarpazo en el Oriente. Quito: Tall. Grf. Senal, 1981. 230 p. Ochoa was in charge of military security in the South during the invasion of 1941. 2540. Orellana, J. Gonzalo. Ojeada sobre los crmenes de enero de 1912. Quito: Impr. de El Grito de Libertad, 1914. 11 p. 2541. Orellana, J. Gonzalo. La transmisin del poder ejecutivo en el Ecuador: con un breve estudio de la administracin de 1920 a 1924, que termin el 31 de agosto. Quito: Impr. y Encuad. de J. Senz Rebolledo, 1924. 98 p. 2542. Orellana Serrano, Tarquino. De las transformaciones liberales a la revolucin juliana: nacimiento de los partidos polticos, Revista IDIS, 18 (ene. 1988), 81-113. 2543. Ortiz Bilbao, Luis Alfonso. La historia que he vivido: de la Guerra de los cuatro das a la dictadura de Pez, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 342 p. 2544. Pez, Federico. Explico. Quito: El Comercio, 1939. 118 p. The author attempts to defend and to justify his dictatorship. 2545. Pez Cordero, Alexei. El movimiento obrero ecuatoriano en el perodo (1925-1960), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 123-162. Continues item 2406. 2546. Pez Cordero, Alexei. Los orgenes de la izquierda ecuatoriana: notas sobre movimientos sociales e ideologa, Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 81-99. A relatively objective and sophisticated analysis of the origins of the Ecuadorian left in the 1920s. Focuses on economic and social conditions as well as ideological developments. Pez stresses the need for a more intensive, multidisciplinary study of the events of the period, especially of the general strike of 7 Nov. 1922. 2547. Pginas de verdad: la ltima guerra ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1912. vii, 329 p. Coeval accounts of the civil war of Dec. 1911/Jan. 1912. 2548. Palacios Senz, Carlos. 1941: epopeya y traicin. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1964. 304 p.

The author blames Nazi Germany as well as the Arroyo del Ro government for the territorial losses of 1941. He also accuses Velasco Ibarra of having collaborated with Fidel Castro against Ecuadorian interests during Velasco Ibarras fourth presidency (1960-1961). 2549. Paredes, Ricardo A. El imperialismo en el Ecuador: oro y sangre en Portovelo. Quito: Edit. Artes Grficas, 1938. 228 p. A well documented, scholarly account, notwithstanding authors ideological biases, of Ecuadors dealing with the South American Development Company in the 1930s, especially during the strikes of 1938. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1970. 240 p. 2550. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. La lucha por la democracia en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1956. 144 p. 2551. Partido Conservador (Ecuador). El Partido Conservador sindica a los asesinos de Alfaro y compaeros. Quito: El Partido, 1913. 72 p. 2552. Partido Liberal Radical (Ecuador). Asamblea Liberal de 1923: programa y estatutos del Partido Liberal Ecuatoriano: votos de la asamblea. Quito: Tall. Tip. de El Da, 1924. 31 p. 2553. Partido Socialista Ecuatoriano. Labores de la Asamblea Nacional Socialista y manifiesto del Consejo Central del Partido: 16-23 de mayo. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1978. 98 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: 1926. 2554. Partidos polticos organizados del Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 169-178. 2555. Paz, Clotario E. Crnicas fugaces: (pginas de la historia ecuatoriana entre los das de 1925 a 1930). Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1930. 592, [4] p. Published under the pseudonym Kurt von Friede. 2556. Pepper, Charles M. Report on Trade Conditions in Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1909. 39 p. At head of title: Department of Commerce and Labor. Bureau of Manufactures . . . Issued in 1908 as: Senate doc. 282, 60th Congress, 1st session; and also in a Bureau edition. 2557. Peralta, Jos. Eloy Alfaro y sus victimarios: apuntes para la historia ecuatoriana, 2 ed. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1977. 495 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito, 1918. Also reprinted: Buenos Aires: Edit. Olimpo, 1951. Peralta, a doctrinaire anticlerical as well a resolute Liberal, blames Gonzlez Surez and other conservatives for Alfaros assassination. 2558. Peralta, Jos. Para la historia. Cuenca: Impr. Municipal, 1920. 104 p. Attacks the Congress of 1920. 2559. Peralta, Jos. El rgimen liberal y el rgimen conservador juzgados por sus obras.

Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1911. 156 p. Reprinted: Quito: Edit. Crtica, 1973; and: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1978. 2560. Peralta Rosales, Csar. Un centenario y una infamia: el suicidio del coronel Antonio Vega. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1956. 112 p. Maintains that partisans of Alfaro had nothing to do with Vegas death. 2561. Prez Concha, Jorge. 1910: la movilizacin integral del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Subgerencia del Centro de Investigacin y Cultura; Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1988. xi, 98 p. An account of Eloy Alfaros resistence to an attempt by Peru to impose its point of view regarding the boundary dispute between the two countries and of the Viejo Luchadors mobilization of the people behind his rallying cry of Tmbez, Maran o la guerra! 2562. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. La aventura del espritu. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1959. 334 p. 2563. Prez Pazmio, Ismael. La forzada clausura de El Universo: una tempestad alrededor de una caricatura. Guayaquil: Impr. y Papelera Mercurio, 1939. 282 p. Regarding the political cartoon published in the 9 June 1937 issue of the guayaquileo daily El Universo. 2564. El Pichincha (Quito, Ecuador: Newspaper). Somatn, artculos escogidos de El Pichincha, primer diario radical publicado en Quito en 1895-1896, director-redactor, Miguel Aristzabal. Quito: Impr. de El Pichincha, 1896. 951 p. 2565. Ponce Enrquez, Camilo. Gnesis y ocaso de un regimen: apuntes impersonales de sociologa poltica, 2 ed. Quito: Juventud, Centro Edit., 1942. 85 p. 2566. Pozo D., Olmedo del. La crisis de las subsistencias y sus derivaciones polticas y sociales, El drama de una generacin (Quito: Edit. El Comercio, 1945), p. 49-75. 2567. Prieto Argello, Jorge. Bases de reconstruccin nacional. Guayaquil: Librera Reed, 1945-1948. 2 v. Vol. 2 also entitled: Y el porvenir del Ecuador? Reviews deterioration of the economy during the war years, especially in the agricultural sector, and proposes various improvements and solutions. 2568. La Propiedad privada y el salario, estudio introductorio de Ren Bez y Lucas Pacheco, seleccin de textos de Elena Albn. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 539 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 30) An anthology of essays on labor, originally published between 1900 and 1930. 2569. Proyecto de ferrocarril de Quito a Esmeraldas: seccin de Quito a Ibarra: memoria descriptiva y presupuestos. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1918. 157 p. 2570. Quintero, Rafael. El mito del populismo en el Ecuador: anlisis de los fundamentos del

Estado ecuatoriano moderno (1895-1934), 2 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1983. 386 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: FLACSO, 1980. In order to place the emergence of velasquismo in context, Quintero examines in depth the economic and social as well as political history of the late- nineteenth century and the first third of the twentieth. One of the most important studies of the years in question. 2571. Quintero, Rafael; and Erika Silva. La crisis nacional general de 1895, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 93-107. 2572. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Los ltimos siete aos. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1933. 201 p. A solid study of the July Revolution and the first period of Ayoras administration. 2573. Ribadeneira, Enrique. Los acontecimientos del 28 de noviembre de 1936. Quito: Impr. Industria, 1937. 23 p. 2574. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. La circulacin, los precios y el cambio en el Ecuador de 1913 a 1927, Anales de la Universidad Central, 39:261 (jul./sept. 1927), 94-124. 2575. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. Consideraciones financieras y econmicas, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1:2 (abr./dic. 1945), 37-74. 2576. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. Gobierno y finanzas municipales. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1945. 672 p. 2577. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. La participacin de las provincias en las finanzas pblicas del Estado. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1955. 116 p. A comparative study of the participation of the provinces in the financial structure of the state, both as collectors of taxes and therefore as sources of revenue, and as beneficiaries of the largess of the central government. Based on analysis of fiscal and budget data for 1953-1955. Maintains that the fiscal burden on Guayaquil was not onerous and that Quito was not receiving a disproportionate share of revenues. 2578. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. El problema monetario y el problema fiscal en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central, 38:255 (ene./mar. 1926), 21-102; 38:256 (abr./jun. 1926), 258-329; 38:257 (jul./sept. 1926), 138-158; 38:258 (oct./dic. 1926), 270-293. 2579. Robalino Dvila, Luis. El 9 de julio de 1925. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1973. 236 p. 2580. Robalino Dvila, Luis. El ao trgico de 1941 y otros ensayos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1971. 303 p. 2581. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Vida poltica: bonifacismo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:112 (jul./dic. 1973), 13-25. 2582. Rodrguez Landvar, Fernando. Debate sobre la inconvertibilidad del sucre en el Directorio del Banco Central en 1932, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:1 (primer semestre 1987), 99-166. Publishes with an introductory study the Actas del Directorio del Banco Central in which the

abandonment of the gold standard and the floating of a 15,000,000 sucre loan to the government were debated. 2583. Rodrguez S., Luis A. La agresin peruana: la campaa del Zarumilla, documentada. Quito: Edit. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, 1948. 460 p. 2584. Rodrguez S., Luis A. La agresin peruana documentada, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1955. 516 p. A new edition of the preceding item. Both items 2583 and 2584 should have been listed under Lmites. 2585. Romero Tern, Domingo. Los traidores al Ecuador: apuntes para la historia. Quito: Tall. Grf. Servicio de Suministros, 1952. 208 p. Anti-Arroyo del Ro. 2586. Rosero Garcs, Fernando. Comunidad, hacienda y Estado: un conflicto de tierras en el perodo de las transformaciones liberales, Ecuador debate, 12 (dic. 1986), 163-187. 2587. Rosero Revelo, Luis Alberto. Memorias de un veterano de la guerra del 41. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 117 p. 2588. Rueda, Juan Manuel. Aspiraciones nacionales. Quito: Impr. Amrica, 1939. xiv, 228 p. 2589. Rueda Echevarra, Luis Alberto. Herosmo y constitucin: episodios histricos de la Batalla de los 4 das. Quito: Impr. L.I. Fernndez, 1939. 181 p. An eyewitness account by a participant. 2590. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. El Congreso de 1933. Quito: Edit. Bolvar, 1934. 213 p. Analyzes the Congress that under the leadership of Velasco Ibarra overthrew Martnez Mera. 2591. Saad, Pedro A. El Ecuador y la guerra. Guayaquil: Impr. Emporio Grf., 1943. 40 p. Outlines the impact of World War II on Ecuador, especially on social and economic conditions. 2592. Saavedra, Efren Homero. Cartas poltico-econmicas: ideas sobre un plan de accin econmica nacional. Quito: Escuela Tipogrfica Salesiana, 1934. 96 p. 2593. Salgado, Luis A. Los acontecimientos del 28 de enero de 1912 ante la ciencia y el derecho. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1917. 63 p. 2594. Snchez, Gustavo M. Decadencia poltica en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. El Ideal, 1924. 18 p. 2595. Snchez Andrade, Jaime. Un ao de tirana. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1934. 143 p. 2596. Snchez Nez, Csar. Fuego y sangre: revoluciones del 11 de agosto de 1911 a 6 de marzo de 1912: asesinatos de enero: Julio Andrade: documentos adicionales. Bogot: Impr. Elctrica, 1913. 226 p. Blames Gonzlez Surez for the death of Alfaro.

2597. Santamara, Pedro J. Relacin de la actuacin patritica del Sargento Pedro J. Santamara del Batalln #3 Pichincha: para evitar la dictadura de Martnez Mera en 1933. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1954. 31 p. 2598. Serrano, Manuel. A la nacin: la verdad en los asuntos de Zarumilla. Quito: Casa Edit. de J.I. Glvez, 1909. 64 p. 2599. Sheppard, George. The Salt Industry in Ecuador, Geographical Review, 22:3 (July 1932), 403-410. 2600. La Situacin de la industria textil ecuatoriana hacia 1949, nota introductoria de Milton Luna Tamayo, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:6 (1989), 269-280. Publishes with an introductory note by Luna Tamayo an informe reservado on the state of the textile industry as of 1949. 2601. Sols, Nicanor. Refutacin del ex-Inspector General del Ejrcito a los conceptos vertidos por el Dr. J.M. Velasco en su libro Consciencia o barbarie. Quito: Impr. Chimborazo, 1937. 14 p. 2602. Solow, Anatole A. Ecuador Builds Its Way Back, Amricas, 4:7 (July 1952), 3-5, 3031. Report on continuing consequences of and recovery from the earthquake of 1950. 2603. The South American Development Co.: su actuacin en el Ecuador desde el ao 1896. Quito: Impr. de El Da, 1929. 56 p. 2604. Tern Robalino, Jos Rafael. Velasco Ibarra, o, El afianzamiento de la democracia ecuatoriana. Buenos Aires: [s.n.], 1956. 20 p. The author was a brother-in-law of Velasco Ibarra. 2605. Tern Varea, Rafael Antonio. El Ecuador de hoy y sus problemas. Quito: Universidad Central, 1935. 190 p. 2606. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La Asamblea General del Partido Conservador y sus doctrinas, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 3:9 (ene. 1926), 92-138. On the Assembly of Oct. 9-14, 1925. An important statement of coeval Conservative thought by one of the principal ideologues of the Party. 2607. Traicin del 22 de diciembre y constitucionalismo ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1955. 192 p. At head of title: Visitadura General de la Administracin. Regarding the Dec. 22, 1954 attempt to overthrow Velasco Ibarra. 2608. Troncoso, Julio C. Odio y sangre: la descalificacin del Sr. Neptal Bonifaz y la Batalla de los cuatros das en Quito. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, [1958]. 232 p. A solid account of the civil war of 1932. Preceded by a: Esbozo histrico-biogrfico de los presidentes del Ecuador de 1830 a 1958, p. 15-115.

2609. Trujillo Len, Jorge. La hacienda serrana, 1900-1930. Quito: Instituto de Estudios Ecuatorianos; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 244 p. 2610. Urrutia Surez, Francisco. Apuntes para la historia: la agresin peruana. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1968. 218 p. An eye witness account. Coronel Urrutia participated in the 1941 conflict. 2611. Valdiviezo Ramrez, Emilio. Nueve de julio: la revolucin ante la historia. Quito: [s.n.], 1926. 34 p. The author, a major in the Army, was one of the participants in the July Revolution. 2612. Vsquez, Mara Antonieta. Familia, costumbres y vida cotidiana a principios del siglo XX, Nueva historia del Ecuador, (item 615), vol. 9, p. 205-233. The final portrait in the triptych on family and daily life. See also items 1352 and 2185. 2613. Vega Toral, Enrique. El asesinato del General Antonio Vega Muoz, 10 de diciembre de 1906. Cuenca: Don Bosco, 1956. 195 p. 2614. Vega Ugalde, Silvia. La Gloriosa: de la revolucin del 28 de mayo de 1944 a la contrarevolucin velasquista, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 194 p. 2615. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. El 28 de mayo: balance de una revolucin popular. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. xxxvi, 622 p. A compilation of Velasco Ibarras speeches from the tumultuous days that culminated in his promulgation as president for the second time (May 31, 1944) and from the first weeks of his second presidency. 2616. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. Conciencia o barbarie: exgesis de la poltica americana, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Moderna, 1937. 284 p. Also: Buenos Aires: Edit. Claridad, 1938. 201 p. 2617. Venta del territorio: artculos de la prensa del Ecuador. Quito: s.n., 1906. 40 p. Reprints articles from El Tiempo and La Prensa libre from July 12-23, 1906, asserting and denying that the administration of Eloy Alfaro had proposed selling the Galpagos and the Oriente to foreign powers. 2618. Vera, Alfredo. Anhelo y pasin de la democracia ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad [para la] Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1948. 354 p. 2619. Villalobos, Fabio. Acerca del aperturismo y el proceso de industrializacin: notas sobre el caso ecuatoriano, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 5:15/16 (1984), 173-195. 2620. Villalobos, Fabio. El proceso de industrializacin hasta los aos cincuenta, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 71-86. Outlines the history of industrialization from its beginnings in the late nineteenth century through the 1950s. Companion piece to item 2507. 2621. Villamar M., Claudio. El Ecuador a comienzos del siglo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala,

1995. 80 p. 2622. V.M.A. El veinticinco de abril. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1907. iv, 26 p. 2623. Weiser, B. Ecuador, Eight Years on Ararat: the Story of a South American Haven, Commentary, 3:6 (June 1947), 531-536. Consists of personal reflections on eight years of living and working (1938-1946) in Ecuador, especially in Quito, by a Jewish immigrant. 2624. Wylie, Kathryn H. Ecuadors Agriculture and the War, Foreign Agriculture, 10:2 (Feb. 1946), 18-32. 2625. Wylie, Kathryn H. Ecuadors Forests and the War, Foreign Agriculture, 10:5 (May 1946), 75-80. 2626. Ziga, Neptal. Fenmenos de la realidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1940. 275 p. The authors Tesis para optar el ttulo de profesor de enseanza secundaria y normal, en la especializacin de historia, geografa y cuestiones econmico-sociales, en el Instituto Superior de Pedagoga y Letras de Quito.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I

por M ICHAEL T. HAM ERLY

19602627. 1984, el Ecuador en las urnas: lucha social, lucha poltica, Alberto Acosta [et al.]. Quito: Edit. El Conejo; Fundacin Friedrich-Naumann, 1984. 249 p. Contents: Luis Verdesoto, La primera vuelta presidencial: el conflicto principal de la actual coyuntura; Alberto Acosta, Crisis econmica y proceso electoral; Manuel Chiriboga, Clases sociales y lucha poltica en el Ecuador; Fernando Bustamante, La ideologa de los partidos polticos ecuatorianos; Luis Verdesoto, Los programas de los partidos del centro poltico, especial referencia al tema agrario; Vicente Martnez, La escena electoral; Paul Velasco, Los gremios, los partidos y el gobierno durante 1983; Carlos Larrea y Silvia Sommaruga, Participacin electoral, abstencin y consistencia de los resultados de la eleccin presidencial. 2628. A mi tambin me torturaron, [introduccin Edmundo Durn Daz], 1 ed. Quito: CEDHU; El Conejo, 1991. 124 p. 2629. Achig S., Lucas. La reconstruccin social y el movimiento obrero ecuatoriano: ensayo de coyuntura para la elaboracin de la historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano, Revista IDIS, 16 (nov. 1986), 81-123. A study of the national strikes of 1984 and 1985, their antecedents, and consequences. 2630. Agee, Philip. Inside the Company: CIA Diary. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1975. 639 p. Agee was stationed in Quito in the early 1960s. The section that treats Ecuador has been published in Spanish as: Objetivo Ecuador: diario de la CIA (Quito: Movimiento Segunda Independencia, 1977). 2631. Aguirre, Jos Manuel Agustn. Panorama poltico del Ecuador actual, Desarrollo indoamericano, 15:59 (jun. 1980), 9-14. 2632. Aguirre, Jos Manuel Agustn. El proceso poltico del Ecuador, Economa (Quito), 75 (mayo 1980), 13-24. 2633. Albornoz, Miguel. La campaa de los cien das: una visin de los problemas del Ecuador de hoy, 1 ed. Quito: Planeta, 1988. 204 p. 2634. Almanaque ecuatoriano 1990. Guayaquil: Edit. Pacfico, [1990?] 424 p. Includes chronologies, an index of legislation for 1963-1989, political documents, and statistics. 2635. Anlisis de los procesos electorales, [edicin de] Agustn Grijalva y Jorge Ortega. Quito:

Tribunal Supremo Electoral: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1990. 230 p. (Elecciones y democracia en el Ecuador; 4) 2636. Andrade, Xavier; and Fredy Rivera. El movimiento campesino e indgena en el ltimo perodo: fases, actores y contenidos polticos, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 257-281. A working paper on peasant and Indian movements in the 1960s and 1970s. Takes up where item 2316 leaves off. 2637. Arboleda, Mara; Ral Borja; and Jos Steinsleger. Mi poder en la oposicin, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1985. 254 p. El primer ao de gobierno de Len Febres Cordero, 1984-1985-- Cover. 2638. Argones, Nelson. El juego del poder: de Rodrguez Lara a Febres Cordero. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. 183 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 5) 2639. Argello Lpez, Carlos. Ecuador 2000. Quito: Tall. Grf. Formugraf, 1990. 122 p. An essay on late-twentieth-century and projected economic, political, and social conditions and policies. 2640. Arzaga Vega, Rafael. La mano negra y los palidos reflejos: (las elecciones de 1978). Quito: Impresenal, 1984. 190 p. 2641. Armas, Amparo [et al.] Los derechos humanos: el caso ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1985. 325 p. I discovered too late that this path breaking work was multi-authored and therefore should have been title main entered. Fue preparado por la CEDHU [Comisin Ecuatoriana de Derechos Humanos] con un equipo editorial conformado por Toms Bamat, Ral Borja y Elsie Monge. Contents: Elsie Monge, Prlogo; Toms Bamat, Derechos humanos: luchas histricas y visiones de justicia; Laura Glynn, Los derechos humanos: un concepto en desarrollo; Manuel Chiriboga and Guadalupe Tobar, El conflicto de Culluctus; Ernesto Lpez, Enfoque histricojurdico [del derecho a la tierra]; La experiencia de Prudencia Andrango, testimonio recopilado por Amparo Armas y Fernando Rosero; Fernando Rosero, El ciclo de la pobreza: los migrantes de San Pablo de Lago; Franklin Prez C. and CEDHU, El desalojo a la cooperativa Pancho Jcome; Hernn Valencia, La lucha por la tierra en Guayaquil; Fernando Gutirrez and Gaitn Villaviencio, Testimonio de dos obreras; Fernando Gutirrez and Gaitn Villaviencio, Condiciones de vida y de trabajo; Franco Perretta, Palo, un nio de la calle; Cecilia Jaramillo, Derechos del nio y sistema de rehabilitacin; El jumento: la palabra de una trabajadora domstica, testimonio recopilado por Mercedes Romn; Mercedes Prieto, La mujer: igualdad de derechos?; FICI and CEDHU, Fiesta del Yamor: resistencia del pueblo quichua; Ruth Moya, Derechos culturales de los pueblos indgenas; Martha de Cruz, La sociedad y las crceles; Rodrigo Bucheli, El derecho a la defensa jurdica; Ral Borja, Violencia y dominacin; Patricio Ycaza, Seguridad nacional y derechos humanos; Gonzalo Ortz, Modelos econmicos y derechos humanos; Ral Borja, Anexos, derechos humanos y marco jurdico.

2642. Arosemena Monroy, Carlos Julio. Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario: un partido insobornable y sin claudicaciones. Guayaquil: Partido Nacionalista Revolucionario, 1982. 222 p. 2643. Astudillo Romero, Jaime. Mito y realidad de la seguridad nacional en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Cuenca: Fondo de Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 249 p. 2644. Atkins, George Pope. La Junta Militar Ecuatoriana (1963-1966), Economa (Quito), 60 (mar. 1973), 94-115. 2645. Ayerve, Oscar. Tu voto es poder. Quito: Taski Editora, 1987. 314 p. 2646. Ayerve, Oscar; and Mateo Alemn. Quien gana la segunda vuelta? Quien es Abdal? Quito: Taski Editora, 1988. 239 p. 2647. Bacigalupo, Dalton. Discursos desde el poder. Quito: FESO, 1986. 106 p. 2648. Bez, Ren. Ecuador, genocidio econmica o va democrtica. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 100 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 40) Proposes an alternative model for development, one that is national (i.e., sui generis) as well as democratic. 2649. Bez, Ren. Hacia un subdesarrollo moderno, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 249-271. 2650. Baquero, Marcello. Emerging Patterns of Political Culture in Ecuador: A Survey Analysis Approach. 1979. xi, 285 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida State University. 2651. Baratta, Robert Thomas. Political Violence in Ecuador and the AVC, Terrorism, 10:3 (1987), 165-174. Reports on political violence in the 1980s, especially the activities of the terrorist group Alfaro Vive Carajo. 2652. Barsky, Osvaldo. Iniciativa terrateniente en la reestructuracin de las relaciones sociales en la sierra ecuatoriana: 1959-1964, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 2:5 (1978), 74-126. A multivariant, refreshingly sophisticated analysis of changing relationships between hacendados and rural laborers in the highlands --notwithstanding the authors Marxist approach--during the 1950s and 1960s, with an emphasis on the five years preceding the Agrarian Reform Law of l964. Takes into account political as well as economic developments. Also published in: Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 33-106. 2653. Berge, Geir. Ecuador, Two Decades of Growing Unity and International Interface in the Trade Union Movement, 1965-1982, Ibero Americana (Stockholm), 13:2 (1984), 39-60. 2654. Bocco, Arnaldo M. Auge petrolero, modernizacin y subdesarrollo: el Ecuador de los aos setenta. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1987. 265 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 15) A political as well as economic study of the petroleum boom of the 1970s.

2655. Bocco, Arnaldo M. Ecuador: Economic Policy and Development Promotion during the Petroleum Boom, 1972-1978, NS / Northsouth, 7:14 (1982), 43-65. Also published in Spanish as: Ecuador, poltica econmica y estilos de desarrollo en la fase de auge petrolero, 1972-1978, Desarrollo econmico (Buenos Aires), 22:88 (ene./mar. 1983), 485510. 2656. Bocco, Arnaldo M. Ecuador: Estado, finanzas pblicas y excedente petrolero (19721978), Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 4:14 (1982), 45-77. 2657. Bocco, Arnaldo M. Ecuador: the State, Public Policy and Capital Accumulation, 197083, The State and Capital Accumulation in Latin America, edited by Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortn, vol. 2 (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), p. 88-105. 2658. Bonilla, Adrin. En busca del pueblo perdido: diferenciacin y discurso de la izquierda marxista en los sesenta. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador; Ediciones Abya-Yala, , 1991. 135 p. 2659. Borja Cevallos, Rodrigo. La tica del poder. Quito: Jorge Nuez Editor, 1992. 354 p. 2660. Borja Cevallos, Rodrigo. Socialismo democrtico, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Democrtica, [1983?]. 124 p. 2661. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. Interest Groups in Regime Changes in Ecuador, InterAmerican Economic Affairs, 28:1 (Summer 1974), 3-17. 2662. Buenao Cabrera, Ernesto. Crimen planificado. Quito: Partido Roldosista Ecuatoriano, [1985?]. 234 p. Argues that the plane crash in which President Rolds died was not the result of an accident, but deliberately engineered . 2663. Burgos, Dalton. Octubre 82: el ascenso del movimiento de masas y la encrucijada de la direccin poltica. Quito: CEDIS, Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, [1983?]. 66 p. 2664. Bustamante, Fernando. The Armed Forces of Colombia and Ecuador in Comparative Perspective, Democracy under Siege: New Military Power in Latin America, edited by Augusto Varas (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1989), p. 17-34. Item 2664 appears to be the English version of item 2665. 2665. Bustamante, Fernando. El desarrollo institucional de las fuerzas armadas de Colombia y Ecuador, La Autonoma militar en Amrica Latina, coordinacin de Augusto Varas (Caracas: Edit. Nueva Sociedad, 1988), p. 83-108. 2666. Bustamante, Fernando. Fuerzas armadas en Ecuador: puede institucionalizarse la subordinacin al poder civil?, Democracia y fuerzas armadas (Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1988), p. 129-160. Also published in: Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 179-202. 2667. Bustamante, Fernando. Los militares y la creacin de un nuevo orden democrtico en

Per y Ecuador. Santiago de Chile: FLACSO, 1988. 112 p. 2668. Bustamante, Fernando. Problemas y dinmica de la poltica ecuatoriana actual. Santiago de Chile: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1987. 122 p. 2669. Cabezas, Rodrigo. Crnica de una poltica petrolera. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1978. 178 p. 2670. Cabezas, Rodrigo. Problemas petroleros ecuatorianos, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1968. 179 p. Items 2669 and 2670 are essays in political economy. 2671. Caldern Chico, Carlos. Palabras y realidades: Febrs Cordero y la cultura. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 223 p. 2672. Campo, Esteban del. Crisis de la hegemona oligrquica, clases populares y populismo en Ecuador, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 40:3 (jul./sept. 1978), 1101-1118. 2673. Carrasco Vintimilla, Adrin. La poltica econmica del gobierno de Febres Cordero, su dimensin poltica, Revista IDIS, 16 (nov. 1986), 175-204. 2674. Con patriotismo y sin temor: discursos polticos. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1964. 136 p. Entrevistas de prensa, declaraciones y discursos de los miembros de la Junta Militar de Gobierno. 2675. Conaghan, Catherine M. Ecuador Swings Toward Social Democracy, Current History, 88:536 (Mar. 1989), 137-141, 154. Reviews the legacy of the Febres Cordero years (1984-1988) and examines the problems facing the then recently elected Rodrigo Borja. 2676. Conaghan, Catherine M. Ecuador, The Politics of Locos, Hemisphere, 1:1 (Winter 1989), 13-15. 2677. Conaghan, Catherine M. Politicians against Parties: Discord and Disconnection in Ecuadors Party System, Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America, edited by Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995), p. 434-458. 2678. Conaghan, Catherine M. Restructuring Domination: Industrialists and the State in Ecuador. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1988. xiii, 197 p. Analyzes the role of the industrial bourgeoisie in economic, political, and social developments of the 1970s and the early 1980s. Unfortunately Conaghan uses the term bourgeoisie in the Marxist sense. Although she states her ideological assumptions, an analysis and interpretation of the class structure of Ecuador would have been far more in order. Based on the authors doctoral dissertation: Industrialists and Reformist Interregnum: Dominant Class Behavior and Ideology in Ecuador, 1972-1979. 1983. xiii, 332 leaves. Yale University. 2679. Conaghan, Catherine M.; and James M. Malloy. Unsettling Statecraft: Democracy and

Neoliberalism in the Central Andes. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1994. xii, 303 p. A comparative study of political and economic developments in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru during the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s. Although a laudable work in many respects, Conaghan and Malloys Unsettling Statecraft suffers from a problem unfortunately altogether too common in Social Scientific literature, questionable and debatable use of terminology, especially when it comes to class. They employ the terms elite(s), oligarchy(ies), and bourgeoisie , for example, as though they were one and the same. Furthermore, although Conaghan and Malloy appear to recognize differences in class composition and interests from place to place and time to time, they fail to delineate and explicate those differences. In fact, there is an absolute lack of definition (qualitative as well as quantitative) of the various economic classes. See also Conaghans Loose Parties, Floating Politicians, and Institutional Stress: Presidentialism in Ecuador, 1979-1988, in The Failure of Presidential Democracy, edited by Juan J. Linz and Arturo Valenzuela (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1994), vol. 2, The Case of Latin America, p. 328-359, and Party Politics and Democratization in Ecuador, in Authoritarians and Democrats: Regime Transition in Latin America, edited by James M. Malloy and Mitchell A. Seligson (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1987), p. 146-163. 2680. Conaghan, Catherine M.; and Rosario Espinal. Unlikely Transitions to Uncertain Regimes?: Democracy Without Compromise in the Dominican Republic and Ecuador, Journal of Latin American Studies, 22:3 (Oct. 1990), 553-574. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of this refreshingly more or less well written but not ideologically free article is the recognition that the democratic regimes of the 1970s and 1980s in countries such as the Dominican Republic and Ecuador defy customary definition and conventional wisdom. 2681. Conaghan, Catherine M.; James M. Malloy; and Luis A. Abugattas. Business and the Boys: the Politics of Neoliberalism in the Central Andes, Latin American Research Review, 25:2 (Spring 1990), 3-30. A comparative study of the neoliberal regimes of Presidents Hurtado (1981-1984) and Febres Cordero (1984-1988) of Ecuador, Paz Estenssoro (1985-1988) of Bolivia, and Belande-Terry (1985-1988) of Per. 2682. El Congreso Nacional del Ecuador, 1986/88: su funcionamiento y atribuciones, los nuevos diputados, la constitucin actualizada, el constitucionalismo ecuatoriano, [redaccin] Hernn Salgado. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1986. 175 p. 2683. Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (Ecuador). Plan nacional de desarrollo del gobierno democrtico, ao 1980-1984. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, 1980. 6 v. There is also a versin popular: Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1981. 2684. Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (Ecuador). Secretara General de Planificacin. Lineamientos generales para el Plan de desarrollo, 1984-1988, versin corr. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, 1985. ii, 42 p. 2685. Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (Ecuador). Secretara General de Planificacin. Plan nacional de desarrollo 1985-1988. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General

de Planificacin, 1985. 4 v. 2686. Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (Ecuador). Secretara General de Planificacin. Plan nacional de desarrollo econmico y social, 1989-1992. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, 1989. 4 v. 2687. Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (Ecuador). Secretara General de Planificacin. Plan operativo 1985. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, 1985. 6 v. 2688. Contreras Navas, Gilberto. El tringulo del poder. Quito: Impr. del Colegio Tcnico Don Bosco, 1985. 229 p. 2689. Corkill, David. Democratic Politics in Ecuador, 1979-1984, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 4:2 (1985), 63-74. Examines political and economic developments during the Rolds and Hurtados regimes. 2690. Corkill, David. The Ecuadorian Labour Movement under Dictatorship and Democracy, 1975-1985, Journal of Area Studies, 13 (1986), 30-33. Maintains that the traditionally weak labor movement was further weakened by the military government of 1972-1979, and the civilian regimes of the 1980s through neglect on the one hand and cooption on the other. 2691. Corkill, David. The Politics of Military Government in Ecuador: The Rodrguez Lara Regime, 1972-1976, Bulletin of the Society for Latin American Studies, 26 (1977), 44-63. 2692. Corkill, David; and David Cubitt. Ecuador, Fragile Democracy. London: Latin American Bureau (Research and Action), 1988. xxiv, 115 p. One of the better surveys of late-twentieth-century developments in English. Focuses primarily on economic, political, and social events of the 1960s, 1970s, and the first half of the 1980s. 2693. Cosse, Gustavo. Estado y agro en el Ecuador, 1960-1980. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. 112 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 1) 2694. Cosse, Gustavo. Reflexiones acerca del Estado, el proceso poltico y la poltica agraria en el caso ecuatoriano, 1964-1977, Estudios rurales latinoamericanos, 3:1 (ene./abr. 1980), 5183. 2695. Cronologa: hechos polticos, sociales y econmicos en el gobierno de Osvaldo Hurtado, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1984. iv, 330 p. 2696. Cueva, Agustn. La crisis de los aos 60, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 225-248. 2697. Cueva, Agustn. Crisis del capitalismo y perspectivas del nacionalismo en Amrica Latina: anlisis del caso ecuatoriano. Mxico, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Facultad de Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Centro de Estudios Latinoamericanos, 1976. 28 p. Reprint; originally published as an article in: Revista mexicana de sociologa, 38:4 (oct./dic.

1976), 825--841. 2698. Cueva, Agustn. El Ecuador de 1960 a 1979, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 149-179. Continues regurgitation of item 2243. Also includes selections from Cuevas El proceso de dominacin poltica (item 2246). As ideologically myopic as Cuevas other work. 2699. Cueva, Agustn. Ecuador, la qumera del petroleo y la encrucijada del nacionalismo pequeoburgus. Mxico, D.F.: CELA, 1975. 19, 12 p. 2700. Chiriboga, Manuel. El Estado y las polticas hacia el sector rural (1979-1982), Ecuador agrario: ensayos de interpretacin, 1 ed. (Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984), p. 91-141. 2701. Chiriboga, Manuel. Movimiento campesino e indgena y participacin poltica en Ecuador: la construccin de identidades en una sociedad heterognea, Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 227-253. 2702. Damerval, Jaime Francisco. Semillas polticas. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1988. 623 p. Apparently this work, which I have not yet seen, is a treatise on the politics and political economy of the 1970s and 1980s. 2703. Darlic Mardesic, Vjekoslav; and Santiago Escobar. Los gobiernos seccionales del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1986. 225 p. 2704. Dvila Alds, Francisco R. Las luchas por la hegemona y la consolidacin de la burguesa en el Ecuador, 1972-1978. Mxico, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Facultad de Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, 1984. 247 p. 2705. Dvila Alds, Francisco R. Los partidos polticos tradicionales y el descenso de la oligarqua en el Ecuador, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 43:3 (jul./sept. 1981), 1141-1168. 2706. Dvila Andrade, Oswaldo. Reflexiones entre dos siglos. Quito: Editora Delta, 1987. 175 p. Reflections of an economist who played a leading role in development planning in Ecuador for many years. 2707. Dvila Loor, Luis. Equateur, 1984: dception, espoir et retour en arrire, Amrique latine, 19 (jui./sep. 1984), 12-16. 2708. De Janry, Alain; Elisabet Sadoulet; and Andr Fargeix. Politically Feasible and Equitable Adjustment: Some Alternatives for Ecuador, World Development, 19:11 (Nov. 1991), 1577-1594. Analyzes the political as well as the economic consequences of the efforts of the Febres Cordero government to stabilize the public sector through spending reductions. In the process the authors develop a computable general equilibrium model, more fully spelled out in item 7575. 2709. Una Dcada de opinin en el Ecuador: la pgina editorial de Hoy de 1982 a 1992, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Samuel Guerra Bravo, Susana Hidalgo Saa. Quito: Hoy, 1992. 318 p.

A compilation of editorials and cartoons from Hoy, satirizing political and social conditions. 2710. Defina, Abel. Un gobierno ...: sus problemas y una respuesta, 1 ed. Quito: Editora General del Ecuador, 1989. 161 p. 2711. Del indigenismo a las organizaciones indgenas. Quito: Ediciones Abya Yala, 1985. 179 p. 2712. Deler, Jean Paul. Estructuras espaciales del Ecuador contemporneo (1960-1980), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 73-134. Reprints appropriate sections of Ecuador del espacio al estado nacional (item 564). 2713. Delgado Jara, Diego. ID + DP: que mismo le toca al pueblo?, 1 ed. Quito: CEDEP, 1989. 75 p. 2714. Democracia Popular. Democracia Popular: el Comit de Base. Quito: Departamento de Capacitacin de la Democracia Popular, 1981. 110 p. 2715. Los Derechos humanos en Ecuador, investigacin y recopilacin de datos de Remigio Rivera y Juan Ortz. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1987. 358 p. Delineates human rights violations by the government of Ecuador between 1984 and 1986. 2716. Dilogo, pueblo, gobierno. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 149 p. El presente trabajo se basa en el anlisis de las cinco presentaciones televisadas del Presidente de la Repblica, Dr. Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea--p. 9. 2717. Directorio nacional de autoridades. Ecuador: Producciones Editorales, 1986. 182 p. Includes provincial office holders and heads of private sector enterprises. See also item 2774. 2718. Documentos indios: declaraciones y pronunciamientos, Jos E. Juncosa, compilador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991-. <2> v. 2719. Drekonja, Gerhard. Ecuador, How to Handle the Banana Republic Turned Oil State, Boletn de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 28 (jun. 1980), 77-94. 2720. Durn Balln, Csar. Frente al futuro: temas tratados en los escritos, conferencias y entrevistas en los ltimos seis aos. Guayaquil: Edit. Amauta, 1979. vii, 233 p. 2721. Echeverra Gavilanes, Enrique. Secuestro, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1988. 186 p. Regarding the authors kidnaping in 1986 for alleged political crimes and offenses. 2722. La Economa poltica del Ecuador: campo, regin, nacin, editor, Louis Lefeber. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. 460 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 6) 2723. Ecuador. Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Evaluacin de polticas, objetivos y metas: plan integral de transformacin y desarrollo 73-77. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1978. v, 171 p. 2724. Ecuador. Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Lineamientos fundamentales del plan integral de transformacin y desarrollo, 1973-1977. Quito: Junta

Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1972. [87] p. in various pagings. 2725. Ecuador. Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Plan general de desarrollo econmico y social. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1963-1966. 5 v. 2726. Ecuador. Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Plan integral de transformacin y desarrollo, 1973-77: resumen general. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1973. xix, 390 p. 2727. Ecuador. Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Poltica planificada para el desarrollo: resumen del Plan general de desarrollo econmico y social del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1966. 129 p. 2728. Ecuador. President (1984-1988: Febres Cordero). Inventario grfico. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica, 1988. 141 p. Chiefly ill. Obra del gobierno del Ing. Len Febres-Cordero, 1984-1988. 2729. Ecuador. President (1984-1988: Febres Cordero). Pensamiento y obra: gobierno constitucional del ingeniero Len Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica, 1987-1988. 4 v. Basic source on the Febres Cordero administration. 2730. Ecuador. Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica. Informe a la nacin: obra del Gobierno de las Fuerzas Armadas Nacionales del Ecuador, ejecutadas en el perodo 1972-1978. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica, 1980. xv, 470 p. 2731. Ecuador 88: elecciones, economa y estrategia, Gaitn Villavicencio [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: CERG: Edit. El Conejo, 1988. 184 p. 2732. Ecuador, el mito del desarrollo, Alberto Acosta [et al.]. Quito: Edit. El Conejo: ILDIS, 1982. 237 p. 2733. El Ecuador frente al siglo XXI: seguridad y geopoltica, [compilador Oswaldo Jarrn R.], 1 ed. Quito: Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Direccin de Protocolo, Prensa y Relaciones Pblicas, 1992. 178 p. Regarding the current and future role of the Armed Forces in internal politics and as the defender of the nation state. 2734. Ecuador hoy, Gerhard Drekonja [et al.], 1 ed. Bogot: Siglo Veintiuno, 1978. 381 p. A set of essays on economic and political developments of the twentieth century, especially of the 1960s and 1970s. 2735. Ecuador, la coyuntura econmica y poltica de 1977, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1978. 115 p. 2736. Ecuador, la coyuntura econmica y poltica de 1980, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Departamento de

Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1981. 158 p. 2737. Ecuador, la coyuntura econmica y poltica de 1981. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas Polticas, 1983. 136 p. 2738. Ecuador, la coyuntura econmica y poltica de 1982, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1984. 251 p. 2739. Ecuador, la coyuntura econmica y poltica en 1979, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 141 p. Whether items 2735-2739 constitute a monographic series or an annual and therefore a serial has yet to be ascertained as do the beginning and ending(?) dates of this set. 2740. Ecuador, la democracia esquiva, Amparo Menndez Carrin [et al.]. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1991. 205 p. Analyses challenges to restoration of democracy during the 1980s. Solidly documented. Describes the political economy in the context of the external debt crisis and the impact of structural adjustment policies on democratic consolidation. 2741. Ecuador, presente y futuro, J. Moncada [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 189 p. Contents: Jos Moncada, La economa ecuatoriana, 1960-1983; Luciano Martnez, Capitalismo agrario, crisis e impacto social; Jaime Moncayo, Al encuentro de aos difciles; Alejandro Romn Armendariz, Democracia real y cambio estructural; Alejandro Moreano, La tautologa del poder y el lenguaje del pueblo. 2742. Ecuador, Public Sector Reforms for Growth in the Era of Declining Oil Output. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1991. xxi, 210 p. 2743. Egas, Jos Mara. La correlacin de fuerzas en la escena poltica ecuatoriana 1972-77, Ecuador hoy (item 2734), p. 238-265. 2744. Egas, Jos Mara. Ecuador y el gobierno de la Junta Militar, 1 ed. Buenos Aires: Tierra Nueva, 1975. 87 p. 2745. Ehlers, Jessica A. Izquierda Democrtica or Democratic Left?: A Case Study of the Origins, Philosophy, Organization and Quest for Power of a Political Party in Ecuador. 1988. x, 274 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of New York. 2746. Eisenlohr, Edda. Agarreform in Ecuador in entwicklunaspolitischen Kraftspiel. Dortmund: Sozialforschungsstelle an der Universitat Munster, 1969. 267 p. 2747. Elecciones en Ecuador 1978-1980: anlisis, partidos, resultados. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales; Bogot: Edit. La Oveja Negra, 1984. 288 p. Contents: Enzo Faletto, Notas para el anlisis del proceso poltico ecuatoriano, 1968-1979; Vicente Martnez, Anlisis de la coyuntura poltico-electoral, 1976-1979; Nomenclatura; Informacin estadstica; Luis Verdesoto, Hiptesis para la interpretacin de los resultados

agregados de las votaciones realizadas entre 1978 y 1980; Composicin por tendencias en la eleccin de representantes nacionales; Composicin de la votacin cantonal en las elecciones de concejales cantonales y consejeros provinciales de 1980. 2748. Elecciones, ideologas y programas polticos, Ernesto Albn [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1994. 247 p. Latest edition as of Dec. 1995, of Vote sabiendo (items 2904 and 2961). Revised and updated. Includes two new essays by Enrique Ayala Mora on Los sistemas electorales contemporneos and Ernesto Albn Gmez on Evolucin del sistema electoral ecuatoriano. 2749. Emanuel Morn, Carlos Julio. Estrategia econmica frente a la crisis. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 47 p. 2750. Emanuel Morn, Carlos Julio. La poltica econmica del gobierno nacional. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 48 p. 2751. Emanuel Morn, Carlos Julio. Respuesta a la crisis: polticas aplicadas por el Banco Central del Ecuador a partir del 10 de agosto de 1984. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 57 p. 2752. Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina (6: 1989: Cuenca, Ecuador). VI Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina (13-18 noviembre 1989): seminario internacional: democracia y alternativas de poder en Ecuador y Amrica Latina, Mara Cristina Crdenas Reyes, coordinadora. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1991. 284 p. N.B. Apparently it was with this meeting that the Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador became the Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina. 2753. Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina (6: 1989: Cuenca, Ecuador). VI Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina (13-18 noviembre 1989): seminario internacional: pensamiento y prctica del movimiento obrero latinoamericano y ecuatoriano en los aos ochenta y sus perspectivas en la prxima dcada, Lucas Achig Suba, coordinador. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1991. 3 v. See also: Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina (6: 1989: Cuenca, Ecuador). Los campesinos en el proceso latinoamericano de los aos ochenta y sus perspectivas, coordinacin de Ivn Gonzlez Aguirre. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1991. 2 v. (510 p.) About half of the contributions to which set focus on various aspects of the peasantry and modernization (vol. 1) and peasant conflicts and movements (vol. 2) in Ecuador. 2754. Espinosa Ramn, Petronio. Crisis econmica, clases sociales y poltica en el Ecuador: elementos para su anlisis, Politcnica (Quito), 12:3 (1987), 43-63. 2755. El Estado y la economa: polticas econmicas y clases sociales en el Ecuador y Amrica Latina, introduccin y compilacin de Lucas Pacheco; artculos de Cristin Seplveda [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador,

1983. 443 p. 2756. Estado, poltica y democracia en el Ecuador, Adrin Carrasco [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo; Cuenca: IDIS, 1988. 255 p. 2757. Estupin de Burbano, Patricia. Recuento del perodo 1979-1990, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 319-354. A solid review of political and economic developments of the twelve years in question. 2758. Etnia, poder y diferencia en los Andes septentrionales, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1990. 215 p. 2759. Febres Cordero, Len. Autopsia de una traicin. Quito: Editora General del Ecuador, 1989. 210, xvi p. Responds to Peaherrera Padillas El viernes negro (item 2878). 2760. Febres Cordero, Len. El pensamiento de Len Febres Cordero, [seleccin por] Ramiro Rivera, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Culturales-UNP, 1986. 272 p. 2761. Fellner, Jaime; Wendy Gimbel; and Diego Garca Sayn. Human rights in Ecuador. New York: Americas Watch Committee; Lima: Andean Commission of Jurists, 1988. 86 p. 2762. Fernndez Espinosa, Ivn; and Gonzalo Ortiz Crespo. La agona del populismo?: informe urgente sobre las elecciones presidenciales de 1988, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Plaza Grande, 1988. 168 p. Explores the defeat of Abdal Bucaram in the 1988 elections. Focuses primarily on dynamics of the campaign and the major players. 2763. Field, Les W. Ecuadors Pan-Indian Uprising, NACLA Report on the Americas, 25:3 (Dec. 1991), 39-44. 2764. Franco, Galo. Traicin en Taura. Quito: [s.n.], 1987. 2 v. 2765. Galarza Arizaga, Rafael. Esquema poltico del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Edit. Alborada, 1963. 198 p. 2766. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. Ensayo poltico sobre clases sociales y partidos polticos en el Ecuador. Quito: Ctedras Ciencia Poltica y Derecho Constitucional, U.C., 1984. iv, 239 p. 2767. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. Partidocracia y descomposicin de la clase poltica ecuatoriana: separata de la investigacin CONUEP: clases sociales y partidos polticos del Ecuador 1992, 1 ed. Quito: CONUEP, 1992. 374 p. 2768. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. La trampa burguesa del progresismo poltico en el Ecuador: la Doctrina Rolds y el progreso de desestabilizacin del regimen poltico: motivos de su muerte, 1 ed. Quito: Editorial Universitaria, 1986 [i.e., 1988]. 268 p. Cover title: La trampa burguesa del centro poltico en el Ecuador, 1979-1986. 2769. Galarza Zavala, Jaime. Ecuador, el oro y la pobreza, Ecuador hoy (item 2734), p. 9-18.

2770. Galarza Zavala, Jaime. El festn del petroleo. Quito: Ediciones Solitierra, 1972. 311 p. Most recent known ed.: 6a ed. Quito: Edit. Alberto Crespo Encalada, 1981. 462 p. 2771. Galarza Zavala, Jaime. Quienes mataron a Rolds?, 2 ed. Quito: Ediciones Solitierra, 1982. iv, 232 p. 2772. Garaycoa, Xavier; and Luis Emilio Veintimilla. Defending Democracy and Fighting for the Working Peoples Rights, World Marxist Review, 29:5 (May 1986), 93-99. The authors are members of the Partido Comunista del Ecuador. 2773. Gobierno y poltica en el Ecuador contemporneo, edicin de Luis Verdesoto. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1991. 558 p. A basic reader on standard political themes by several leading social scientists, including Agustn Cueva, Osvaldo Hurtado, and Amparo Mendndez-Carrin. 2774. Los Gobiernos seccionales del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales; Vicepresidencia de la Repblica; Programa Nacional de Desburocratizacin, 1986. 225 p. A directory of national, provincial, cantonal, and municipal divisions and autonomous agencies of the state and of their officeholders as of 1986. 2775. Granda Aguilar, Vctor. En defensa de la dignidad nacional: interpelacin del diputado Vctor Granda A. al Ministro de Defensa General Medardo Salazar N. Quito: Ediciones La Tierra, 1989. 70 p. 2776. Granda Aguilar, Vctor. Informe al XLII Congreso del PSE. Quito: Ediciones La Tierra, 1989. 60 p. 2777. Granda Arciniega, Daniel. La modernizacin del Estado y las fuerzas armadas del Ecuador. Quito: Concejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa: Centro de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, 1992. 158 p. 2778. Grayson, George W. Populism, Petroleum and Politics in Ecuador, Current History, 68:401 (Jan. 1975), 15-19, 39-40. 2779. Guerrero, Andrs. Haciendas, capital y lucha de clases andinas: disolucin de la hacienda serrana y lucha poltica en los aos 1960-1964, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 146 p. 2780. Guerrero, Fernando. Algo ms sobre Taura, las amnistas y el Congreso, 86-88. Riobamba: Edit. Pedaggica Freire, [1989?]. 51 p. 2781. La Gua del ciudadano. Quito: ILDIS, 1983. 193 p. 2782. Handelman, Howard. The Dilemma of Ecuadorian Democracy. Hanover, New Hampshire: Universities Field Staff International, 1984. 3 v. (UFSI reports; 1984/no. 34-36). Contents: pt. 1, Jaime Rolds and the Politics of Deadlock; pt. 2, Hurtado and the Debt Trap; pt. 3, The 1983-84 Presidential Elections.

2783. Handelman, Howard. Ecuador: A New Political Direction. Hanover, New Hampshire: American Universities Field Staff, 1979. 24 p. (Reports; 1979/no. 47) 2784. Handelman, Howard. Ecuadorian Agrarian Reform: The Politics of Limited Change. Hanover, New Hampshire: American Universities Field Staff, 1980. 19 p. (Reports; 1980/no. 49) 2785. Hanson, David Parker. Political Decision Making in Ecuador: The Influence of Business Groups. 1971. xi, 378 leaves. Ph.D. thesis--University of Michigan. 2786. Hidalgo Ruales, Diego; and Fabin Navarro Dvila. La burocracia pblica en el Ecuador. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann: Asociacin Latinoamericana Pblica, Seccin Nacional Ecuatoriana, 1988. 2787. Hidalgo V., Francisco; Eduardo Gordillo R.; and Eduardo Valencia V. Innovaciones de polticas econmicas y comportamiento de los actores sociales en el contexto de la crisis, 19801987: el caso ecuatoriano, Haca un nuevo orden estatal en Amrica Latina?: los actores socioeconmicos del adjuste estructural, coordinacin de Mario R. dos Santos y Fernando Caldern (Buenos Aires: Consejo Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 1988), vol. 3, p. 289343. A solid survey of the political economy and socioeconomic conditions during the 1980s. 2788. Hoffmann, Karl-Dieter. Militrherrschaft und Entwicklund in der Dritten Welt: der Fall Ecuador unter besonderer Bercksichtigung des Militrregimes 1972-1979. Saarbrcken: Breitenbach, 1985. 670 p. A doctoral dissertation on military intervention and participation in Ecuadorian politics. 2789. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Democracia y crisis. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1984-1985. 12 v. A set of basic sources on the Rolds-Hurtado and Hurtado administrations. 2790. Hurtado, Osvaldo. La dictatura civil, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1988. 525 p. Not surprisingly Hurtado extolls the accomplishments of his administration and condemns the regime of his successor Febres Cordero. 2791. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Dos dilogos sobre el futuro. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1992. 83 p. 2792. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Gobernabilidad y reforma constitucional. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1993. 92 p. 2793. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Poltica democrtica. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1990. 2 v. Contents: vol. 1. Los ltimos veinticinco aos (264 p.); vol. 2. Testimonios, 1964-1989 (506 p.). 2794. Hurtado, Osvaldo. La victoria del no: crnica de un plebiscito. Quito: FESO, 1986. 245 p.

A detailed analysis of the 1986 elections by a professional social scientist as well as a former president of the country. 2795. Ibarra Illnez, Alicia. Los indgenas y el Estado en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Edciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 261 p. See also her Los indios del Ecuador y su demanda frente al Estado, Boletn de antropologa americana, 26 (dic. 1992), 69-85. 2796. Indios: una reflexin sobre el levantamiento indgena de 1990, Ileana Almeida [et al.]. Quito; ILDIS; El Duende: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 527 p. Examines conditions underlying the June 1990 Indian uprising. 2797. Isaacs, Anita. Military Rule and Transition in Ecuador, 1972-92. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993. xii, 178 p. Primarily an analysis of authoritarianism and civil-military relations during the Rodrguez Lara years (1972-1976) and secondarily of the subsequent return to and consolidation of democratic government. 2798. Isaacs, Anita. Problems of Democratic Consolidation in Ecuador, Bulletin of Latin American Research, 10:2 (1991), 221-238. A preliminary version of final chapter of item 2797. 2799. Jcome, Nicanor. Evolucin de la poltica social ecuatoriana, 1963-1979, Revista interamericana de planificacin, 17:68 (dic. 1983), 183-193. 2800. Jcome, Nicanor; and Patricio Moncayo. Partidos polticos y programas del gobierno del Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios Sociales Latinoamericanos CESLA, 1979. 104 p. 2801. Jaramillo, Marco. Ecuador, impacto de las polticas econmicas sobre el medio rural 1964-1985, Economa (Quito), 84 (mar. 1987), 71-123. 2802. Jarrn Jarrn, Ricardo Arturo. Alfaro Vive, Carajo!: el cementerio de los vivos: testimonio, 2 ed. Mxico, D.F.: Ediciones Patria Nueva, 1988. 76 p. 2803. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos; and M. Silvia Sommaruga. Las elecciones presidenciales del Ecuador: participacin y consistencia de los resultados de la primera vuelta presidencial, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1984. 40 p. 2804. Lawson, Victoria A. Government Policy Biases and Ecuadorian Agricultural Change, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 78:3 (Sept. 1988), 433-452. Examines interplay between national policy, agricultural production, and economic change by regions. 2805. Lawson, Victoria A. National Economic Policies, Local Variations in Structure of Production, and Uneven Regional Development: the Case of Ecuador. 1986. x, 128 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University. 2806. Len Gonzlez, Carlos. La ideologa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Edit. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1991. 228 p.

2807. Len Trujillo, Jorge. De campesinos a ciudadanos diferentes: el levantamiento indgena. Quito: CEDIME: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 235 p. A detailed, scholarly study of the 1990 uprising. Analyzes the movement in terms of its multiple actors and their opponents, myriad actions and various objectives. 2808. Len Velasco, Juan Bernardo. Las elecciones en el Ecuador: concejales cantonales, 1978-1990. Quito: CIESA, 1992. 166 p. A detailed analysis of the results of local elections from 1978 through 1990. 2809. Len Velasco, Juan Bernardo. Elecciones, votos y partidos: evolucin y geografa de las preferencias electorales en el Ecuador, 1978-1986. Quito: Centro de Documentacin e Informacin de los Movimientos Sociales del Ecuador, 1987. 138 p. 2810. El Levantamiento indgena y la cuestin nacional. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: CDDH, Comisin por la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, 1990. 114 p. 2811. Levy, James R.; and Nick D. Mills, Jr. The Challenge to Democratic Reformism in Ecuador. Albuquerque: Latin American Institute, University of New Mexico, 1981. i, 59 p. Revised and updated in: Studies in Comparative International Development, 18:4 (Winter 1983), 3-33. 2812. Liberazione in Ecuador: limpegno di una chiesa, Roberto Cremaschi. Bologna: E.M.I., 1982. 225 p. This work should have been listed under Church history as it has to do with liberation theology much more than it has to do with political developments of the late-twentieth century. The author is a priest. 2813. Linke, Lilo. Ecuadors Politics: President Velascos Fourth Exit, World Today, 18:2 (Feb. 1962), 56-69. 2814. Luna Osorio, Luis. Ecuador, sociedad limitada ... ?: propuesta para el futuro. Quito: PROMOSER, 1989. 292 p. Analyzes recent economic developments and proposes structural changes needed for resolution of the countrys socioeconomic problems. 2815. Macario Briones, la otra cara de la leyenda, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Paimga, 1985. 92 p. 2816. Maier, Georg. The Ecuadoran Presidential Election of June 2, 1968: An Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Comparative Study of Political Systems, 1969. v, 90 p. 2817. Maiguashca G., Franklin E. The Role of State and Market in the Economic Development of Ecuador, Journal of Economic Issues, 27:2 (June 1993), 441-450. A provocative yet probably valid assessment of the economic sins of the state since 1972 and of the inability of the Market to right the transgressions of recent administrations. Maiguashca maintains that neither the hands on nor the hands off approach have worked in Ecuador because neither presidents nor their advisors really understand nor know what to do or realize the consequences of their actions. Also as Maiguashca reminds us, The Market . . . [is] a set of

social institutions and learned behaviors that [in Ecuador] needs to be build practically from scratch . . . 2818. Maldonado, John. Taura: lo que no se ha dicho, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1988. 144 p. 2819. Maldonado Lince, Guillermo. La reforma agraria en el Ecuador, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 33-56. Analyzes the Ley de reforma agraria of 1973 and its implementation through 1979. The author is a former Minister of Agriculture. 2820. Manual de gobierno de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto de Estudios Administrativos, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas y Administrativas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1962. 348 p. 2821. Martnez Estrada, Alejandro. Ecuador, estado de emergencia. [Quito?: s.n., 1986]. 184 p. 2822. Martz, John D. Ecuador, Conflicting Political Culture and the Quest for Progress. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1972. viii, 216 p. A solid essay on political developments of the 1950s and 1960s. Martz is careful to take into account the demographic, economic, and social aspects of political culture. Better written than his Politics and petroleum (item 2828). 2823. Martz, John D. Ecuador, the Right Takes Command, Current History, 84:499 (Feb. 1985), 69-72, 84-85. On the first six months of the Febres Cordero regime and the problems facing his administration. See also item 2823. 2824. Martz, John D. Electoral Campaigning and Latin American Democratization: the Grancolombian Experience, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 32:1 (Spring 1990), 17-43. A comparative study of national politics and presidential elections in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. 2825. Martz, John D. Instability in Ecuador, Current History, 87:525 (Jan. 1988), 17-20, 3738. On the Febres Cordero regime. Continues item 2823. 2826. Martz, John D. Marxism in Ecuador, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 33:1 (Summer 1979), 3-28. 2827. Martz, John D. The Military in Ecuador: Policies and Politics of Authoritarian Rule. Albuquerque: Latin American Institute, University of New Mexico, 1988. 66 p. (Occasional Paper Series; no. 3) Primarily concerned with the years 1972-1979. 2828. Martz, John D. Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador. New Brunswick: Transaction Books,

1987. xii, 432 p. A dispassionate, scholarly assessment of politics and the impact of petroleum on political developments between 1972 and 1984. Unfortunately riddled with word processing errors. 2829. Martz, John D. Populist Leadership and the Party Caudillo: Ecuador and the CFP, 196281, Studies in Comparative International Development, 18:3 (Fall 1983), 22-49. 2830. Mass Media and Political Information in Quito, Ecuador, J.M. McLeod [et al.], Public Opinion Quarterly, 32:4 (Winter 1968/1969), 575-587. 2831. Mauge Mosquera, Ren. Ever in Search, World Marxist Review, 32:12 (Dec. 1989), 913. 2832. Mauge Mosquera, Ren. Political Situation in Ecuador, World Marxist Review, 21:2 (Feb. 1978), 124-128. 2833. Memoria del primer Encuentro Nacional de Planificacin Regional y Desarrollo. Cuenca: Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona Santiago, 1981. 240 p. 2834. Mena Soto, Joaqun. Enfoques universitarios: de la dictadura militar al quinto velasquismo: hombres, hechos y proyecciones. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1968. 213 p. Comments on political, economic, and social conditions and developments between 1963 and 1968. The author was a member of the Facultad de Filosofa of the Universidad Central. 2835. Mendoza. Luis Anbal. El costo poltico en el Ecuador: estudio crtico de la realidad econmica, social y poltica de la repblica en esta ltima dcada. Guayaquil: Impresos Nueva Luz, 1983. 188 p. 2836. Menndez Carrin, Amparo. La democracia en el Ecuador: desafos, dilemas y perspectivas, Pensamiento iberoamericano, 14 (jul./dic. 1988), 123-142. 2837. Menndez Carrin, Amparo. La democracia en el Ecuador: desafos, dilemas y perspectivas, Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 101-123. Notwithstanding their identical titles, items 2836 and 2837 are not the same study. 2838. Mills, Nick D. Crisis, conflicto y consenso: Ecuador, 1979-1984. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1984. 207 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 2) An assessment of the Rolds and Hurtado administrations by a North American historian well acquainted with the politics and politicians of Ecuador. 2839. Mita Vera, Jos Antonio. Diagnstico de poltica econmica, 1961-1972. [La Paz?: s.n., 1974?] 2 v. in 1 (243 p.) 2840. Molina Tapia, Telmo. Balance de la poltica petrolera ecuatoriana en el perodo 19701981, Economa (Quito), 80 (nov. 182), 57-88. 2841. Moncada, Jos. El decenio de los 70: petrleo, evolucin econmica y compleijidad socio-poltica, Economa (Quito), 75 (mayo 1980), 24-45.

2842. Moncada, Jos. Dos decenios se van, una crisis se queda. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: CIPAD, Publicaciones Tercer Mundo, 1988. 131 p. 2843. Moncada, Jos. La economa ecuatoriana de los sesenta a los ochenta, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 55-95. A solid review of the political economy of the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s by an exceptionally literate and prolific economist. 2844. Moncada, Jos. Ecuador, integracin mundial o desintegracin nacional? Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 126 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 39) 2845. Moncada, Jos. Ecuador, los lmites del (sub)desarrollo. Quito: CEDEP, 1989. 136 p. Items 2843 and 2844 are critiques of the Rodrigo Borja (1988-1992) government by a prominent economist and spokesperson of the Left. 2846. Moncagatta, Juan Pablo. Democracia Popular: invitacin a una busqueda. Quito: Empresa Editora Porvenir, 1986. 84 p. 2847. Moncayo, Patricio. Ecuador, grietas en la dominacin. Quito: [s.n.], 1977. 256 p. 2848. Moncayo, Patricio. Evolucin de la estructura de poder en el Ecuador actual, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo./ago. 1979), 197-219. 2849. Moncayo, Patricio. Reforma o democracia: alternativas del sistema poltico ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1982. 201 p. 2850. Montero, Nely. Cronologa: hechos polticos, sociales y econmicos en el gobierno de Osvaldo Hurtado. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1984. 330 p. 2851. Moreano, Alejandro. El proceso de formacin del nuevo regimen poltico. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, [1981?]. ii, 72 p. 2852. Moreano, Alejandro. El sistema poltico en el Ecuador contemporneo, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 181-219. 2853. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E.; and Jos Figueroa. El levantamiento indgena del Inti Raymi de 1990. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1992. 160 p. 2854. Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (Ecuador). La crisis del proyecto socialdemcrata. Quito: Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, 1980. 177 p. 2855. Movimiento obrero del Ecuador, 1970-1979: documentos, recopilacin de Elas Muoz Vicua y Leonardo Vicua Izquierdo. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 300 p. 2856. Las Nacionalidades indgenas en el Ecuador: nuestro proceso organizativo, 2. ed., rev. y aum. Quito: Editorial TINCUI/CONAIE: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 317 p. Outlines the history, structure, ideologies, and demands of the organizations that make up the Confederacin de Nacionalidades Indgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE). 2857. Narvez Quionez, Ivn. Flexibilizacin laboral y crisis. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1992. 236 p.

Examines political and social aspects of unionization of government workers. 2858. Navarro Dvila, Fabin. La divisin poltica administrativa del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1981. 71 p. 2859. Needler, Martin C. Anatomy of A Coup dEtat: Ecuador 1963. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Comparative Study of Political Systems, 1964. v, 54 p. 2860. Needler, Martin C. The President of Ecuador, Contemporary Review, 244:1417 (Feb. 1984), 57-61. Outlines the career of Osvaldo Hurtado and socioeconomic and political developments since 1948. 2861. Nickelsburg, Gerard. Inflation, Expectations and Qualitative Government Policy in Ecuador, 1970-82, World Development, 15:8 (Aug. 1987), 1077-1085. 2862. Nueva agresin al pueblo del F.M.I. y del gobierno neoliberal: medidas econmicas del 11 de agosto de 1986: recopilacin. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil; Frente Democrtico de Economistas (F.D.E.), 1986. 93 p. 2863. Oquendo, Diego. Alegato por la prensa y sus libertades, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 309 p. 2864. Ortiz, Santiago; Ral Borja; and Franz Josef Hinkelammert. Ecuador, coyuntura poltica: ensayos, entrevista. Quito: Centro de Educacin Popular, 1990. 92 p. 2865. Ortiz Crespo, Gonzalo. La hora del general, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1986. 169 p. 2866. Ortiz Crespo, Gonzalo. Operacin Taura, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Plaza Grande, 1987. 222 p. Items 2865 and 2866 are accounts of the movement led by Air Force General Vargas Pazzos against the government of Febres Cordero in 1987. The author is a journalist. 2867. Ortiz Villacs, Marcelo. El control del poder: Ecuador, 1966-1984. Quito: Grficas San Pablo, 1984. 185 p. 2868. Oviedo, Jorge. El movimiento obrero ecuatoriano entre 1960 y 1985, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 221-256. A useful survey of the history of the labor movement during the 25 years under review. 2869. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. Polticas econmicas comparadas: Ecuador, 1981-1987, Neoliberalismo y polticas econmicas alternativas (Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo [CORDES], 1987), p. 205-242. A comparative study of the economic policies of the Hurtado (1981-1984) and Febres Cordero (1984-1988) administrations. 2870. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. La poltica econmica del gobierno de Febres Cordero, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 11-30. 2871. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. La poltica econmica en el Ecuador: los aos setenta, El Estado y la economa: poltica econmica y clases sociales en el Ecuador y Amrica Latina,

introduccin de Lucas Pacheco (Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1983), p. 115-144. 2872. Pez, Alexei. La nueva derecha ecuatoriana, Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 169-178. 2873. Paredes Avila, Eduardo. La oligarqua y la crisis. Quito: Centro de Estudio y Difusin Social, 1985. 116 p. (Serie la economa ecuatoriana de los ltimos aos; no. 2) 2874. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Democracia o demagogia en el Ecuador, Combate (San Jos, Costa Rica), 3:15 (mar./abr. 1961), 18-27. 2875. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Teora y prctica del conductor conducido, Combate (San Jos, Costa Rica), 4:20 (ene./feb. 1962), 9-23. 2876. Los Partidos polticos: documentos bsicos. Quito: Tribunal Supremo Electoral; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 350 p. (Elecciones y democracia en el Ecuador; 2) A basic reference work on history and ideology of the currently important political parties. See also items 2896 and 5469. 2877. Peaherrera Padilla, Blasco. Controversia. Quito: Artes Grficas Senefelder, 1987. 450 p. 2878. Peaherrera Padilla, Blasco. El viernes negro, 3 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo 1988. 191 p. An anti-Febres Cordero diatribe, to which the former president responded in Autopsia de una traicin (item 2759). Also a best seller in that it went through three editions in the same year that it appeared. 2879. El Pensamiento de ARNE. Quito: Industrias Grficas CYMA, 1969. 267 p. 2880. Prez Romo-Leroux, Santiago. Crisis externa y planificacin en Ecuador, 1980-1984, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. 104 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 8) 2881. Prez Sinz, Juan Pablo. Clase obrera y democracia en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1985. 208 p. Includes a survey of the history of the urban working class since World War II. 2882. Los Placeres del poder, Mara Arboleda [et al.]. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1986. 247 p. A critical review of the first half of the Febres Cordero administration. 2883. La Poltica econmica del gobierno de Febres Cordero. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1986. 84 p. Also available in a 2 ed. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1988. 84 p. 2884. Poltica econmica, Estado y lucha de clases en el Ecuador, perodo 1972-1975, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:3/4 (1977), 13-76. 2885. Poltica estatal y poblacin indgena, Ministerio de Bienestar Social, Oficina Nacional de Asuntos Indgenas. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1984. 517 p.

Papers presented at the 1984 Seminario sobre Poltica Estatal y Poblacin Indgena, sponsored by the Ministerio de Bienestar Social and the Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo. 2886. The Political Feasibility of Adjustment in Ecuador and Venezuela, by Alain de Janry [et al.]. Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1994. 155 p. 2887. Politically Feasible and Equitable Adjustment: Some Alternatives for Ecuador, Alain de Janry [et al.], World Development, 19:11 (Nov. 1991), 1577-1594. 2888. Polticas sociales, desarrollo y compensacin social, Alberto Acosta [et al.]. Quito: Grupo de Trabajo sobre Dueda Externa y Desarrollo-FONDAD, 1993. 243 p. 2889. Los Polticos y los indgenas: diez entrevistas a candidatos presidenciales y mximos representantes de partidos polticos del Ecuador sobre la cuestin indgena, Erwin H. Frank, Ninfa Patio y Marta Rodrguez. Quito: ILDIS, 1992. viii, 160 p. Interviews with Enrique Ayala Mora (Partido Socialista Ecuatoriano), Abdal Bucaram Ortiz (Partido Roldosista Ecuatoriano), Cecilia Caldern (Partido Frente Radical Alfarista), Alberto Dahik (Partido Conservador), Jaime Hurtado (Partido Movimiento Popular Democrtico), Ren Mauge (Partido Frente Amplio de Izquierda), Jamil Mahuad (Partido Democracia Popular), Jaime Nebot (Partido Social Cristiano), Flavio Torres (Partido Liberal Ecuatoriano), and Andrs Vallejo (Partido Izquierda Democrtica). 2890. Ponce Enrquez, Camilo. Discursos y alocuciones pronunciados durante la campaa electoral y los primeros meses de gobierno. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1986. 377 p. 2891. Populismo, Blasco Peaherrera Padilla [et al.]. Quito: ILDIS; El Duende; Ediciones Abya-Yala 1992. 213 p. 2892. Un Presidente, un pueblo, una obra. Quito: Secretara Nacional de Informacin Pblica, 1985. 66 p. On the presidency of Len Febres Cordero. 2893. Principios ideolgicos y planes de gobierno de los partidos polticos de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tribunal Supremo Electoral, 1981. 289 p. Official philosophies and platforms of the sixteen political parties as of 1981. 2894. Proao, Franklin. Desequilibrios de la balanza de pagos y polticas cambiarias en el Ecuador, 1972-1985. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1987. 46 p. 2895. Proao Maya, Marco. Yo, CFP: ensayo poltico. Quito: [s.n.], 1980. 277 p. 2896. El Proceso electoral ecuatoriano. Quito: Tribunal Supremo Electoral: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 183 p. (Elecciones y democracia en el Ecuador; 1) Includes retrospective data. See also items 2876 and 5469. 2897. Pueblos indios, Estado y derecho, Enrique Ayala Mora [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 226 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 36) 2898. Pyne, Peter. Legislature and Development: The Case of Ecuador, 1960-1961,

Comparative Political Studies, 9:1 (Apr. 1976), 69-92. 2899. Pyne, Peter. The Politics of Instability in Ecuador: The Overthrow of the President, 1961, Journal of Latin American Studies, 7:1 (May 1975), 109-133. A detailed analysis of the overthrow of Velasco Ibarra and his replacement by Carlos Julio Arosemena. Takes into account economic and foreign policy factors as well as political developments and personalities. 2900. Pyne, Peter. Presidential Caesarism in Latin America, Myth or Reality?: A Case Study of Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra, 1960-1, Comparative Politics, 9:2 (Apr. 1977), 281-304. 2901. Pyne, Peter. The Role of Congress in the Ecuadorian Political System and Its Contribution to the Overthrow of President Velasco Ibarra in 1961. Glasgow: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1973. 36 p. (Occasional Papers; no. 7) 2902. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. El regreso de los runas: la potencialidad del proyecto indio en el Ecuador contemporneo. Quito: COMUNIDEC: Fundacin Interamericana, 1993. xv, 349 p. 2903. La Reforma del Estado en el Ecuador: alternativas para el cambio institucional, coordinadores de Ecuador Siglo XXI, Cornelio Marchn, Alexander Schubert; consultor, Robinson Prez. Quito: Ecuador Siglo XXI: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo: Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, 1992. xii, 186 p. 2904. Reyes, Beatriz; and Ramn Gorriarn. Vote sabiendo: que ofrecen los partidos y los candidatos. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1983. 303 p. The original version of what has become a standard guide to the platforms and candidates of the political parties (seventeen as of 1983). Periodically updated: see items 2748 and 2961. 2905. Rivera, Ramiro. Modernizacin econmica, transformaciones sociales y crisis del sistema poltico en el Ecuador, 1960-1980, Humanismo (Quito), 1 (jul./sept. 1983), 144-180. 2906. Rodrguez Peaherrera, Carlos A. Administracin pblica ecuatoriana: breve recuento histricos y algunas ideas para planificar su cambio. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1987. 191 p. 2907. Rolds Aguilera, Jaime. Jaime Rolds, ideario poltico del presidente, [recopilacin de] Alba Chvez de Alvarado, Carlos Alvarado Loor; colaboracin de Nury Castro Soriano [et al.]. Guayaquil: Departamento de Investigacin de la Comunicacin Social, Facultad de Comunicacin Social, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 222 p. 2908. Rolds Aguilera, Len. El abuso del poder: los decretos-leyes econmicos urgentes aprobados por el gobierno del Ing. Len Febres Cordero, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1986. 213 p. 2909. Romero Simancas, Nelson. Planificacin, programacin e investigacin de proyectos de desarrollo social. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, Oficina de Publicaciones, 1979. viii, 354 p. 2910. Rosales, Mario. El municipio ecuatoriano: sntomas y razones de su fragilidad, Descentralizacin y democracia: gobiernos locales en Amrica Latina, edicin de Jordi Borja [et

al.] (Buenos Aires: CLACSO/SUR/CEUMT, 1989), p. 241-284. 2911. Rosero Garcs, Fernando. Estado y agricultura en el Ecuador: el proceso de formulacin de la Ley de reforma agraria de 1973, El Estado y la economa: poltica econmica y clases sociales en el Ecuador y Amrica Latina, introduccin de Lucas Pacheco (Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1983), p. 245-294. 2912. Rosero Garcs, Fernando. Levantamiento indgena: tierra y precios, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIS, 1990. 96 p. 2913. Roucek, Joseph Slabey. Ecuador in Geopolitics, Contemporary Review, 205:2 (Feb. 1964), 74-82. 2914. Saad, Pedro A. La revolucin ecuatoriana y sus caractersticas. Guayaquil: Edit. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1989. 112 p. Saad is a leading Communist and major spokesperson for the Party. 2915. Senz Andrade, Alvaro. Comportamiento electoral ecuatoriano. Quito: INFOC, [1989?]. 61 p. 2916. Saint-Geours, Yves. Lquateur de Len Febres Cordero Rodrigo Borja (1984-1988), Problmes dAmrique Latine, 89 (3e tri. 1988), 3-28. 2917. Saint-Geours, Yves. Equateur, lalternance, Problmes dAmrique Latine, 75 (1er tri. 1985), 121-135. Examines the significance of the 1984 election of a rightist president on the one hand, and of a largely leftist congress on the other. 2918. Salamea Crdova, Marco. El rgimen febrescorderista. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural y la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1988. 160 p. A balanced assessment. 2919. Salgado, Germnico; and Germn Acosta C. El Ecuador del maana: una ruta con problemas. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1991. xxvi, 402 p. A detailed analysis of recent demographic, economic, and social trends with projections to the year 2000. 2920. Salgado Pesantes, Hernn. Instituciones polticas y Constitucin del Ecuador. Quito: ILDIS, 1987. 271 p. 2921. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Ecuador, en el engranje neoliberal, Nueva sociedad (Caracas), 123 (ene./feb. 1993), 12-17. An assessment of the political and social costs of the neoliberal policies of the Durn Balln regime. 2922. Sanders, Thomas G. Ecuador, Politics of Transition. Hanover, New Hampshire: American Universities Field Staff, 1977. 16 p. (West Coast South America Series; vol. 24, no. 1)

2923. Sandoval Peralta, Carlos. Poltica cambiara en el Ecuador, 1970-1986. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1987. 123 p. 2924. Santana, Roberto. Actores y escenarios tnicos en Ecuador: el levantamiento de 1990, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 59 (1992), 161-188. Santana argues that the June 1990 uprising represents a turning point in the struggle for the preservation and revitalization of native rights as espoused by the Confederacin Nacional de Indgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE). Maintains that the uprising revealed the limits of CONAIEs ability to bargain with the state and to utilize mass mobilization as an agency. 2925. Santos, Guillermo Manuel. La conspiracin, 1 ed. Quito: Letra Nueva, [1982?]. 117 p. 2926. Santos Alvite, Eduardo. Ecuador, hacia el diseo de una teora del desarrollo humano, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Escuela de Ciencias Internacionales, 1983. 156 p. 2927. Santos Alvite, Eduardo. Ecuador, la dcada de los noventa: principales desafos. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Colegio de Economistas de Quito, 1993. 86 p. 2928. Santos Alvite, Eduardo; and Mariana Mora Duque. Ecuador, la dcada de los ochenta: crisis econmica y ensayo neoliberal. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 122 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 19) Criticizes the economic policies of the Febres Cordero administration (1984-1988). 2929. Sarmiento Palacio, Eduardo. Hacia un modelo de crecimiento equitativo: ensayos recientes, 1 ed. Bogot: Facultad de Economa, Universidad de los Andes, 1987. 228 p. 2930. Schmidt, Wolgang. Discurso poltico y coyuntura econmica en Ecuador, Estudios andinos (Lima), 19 (1983), 3-26. 2931. Schodt, David W. Austerity Policies in Ecuador: Christian Democratic and Social Christian Versions of the Gospel, Paying the Costs of Austerity in Latin America, edited by Howard Handelman and Werner Baer (Boulder: Westview Press, 1989), p. 171-194. 2932. Schodt, David W. Ecuador, an Andean Enigma. Boulder: Westview Press, 1987. xvi, 188 p. A thoughtful, well informed analysis and interpretation of late-twentieth-century economic and political developments by a North American economist. 2933. Schodt, David W. State Structure and Reformist Politics: Ecuador during the Petroleum Period, 1972-1983, SECOLAS Annals, 17 (Mar. 1986), 73-94. Examines the impact of the oil boom on social and political developments, especially state projects for the poor and the increase in the financing of public services. Also published as a separate under the title: The Ecuadorian Petroleum Sector during the Petroleum Period, 19721983. Austin: Office for Public Sector Studies, The Institute of Latin American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, 1986. 21 p. 2934. El Secuestro del poder, Fernando Artieda [et al.],1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 118 p.

Examines the frustrated attempt by Air Force General Frank Vargas Pazzos to seize the presidency by seizing the president. 2935. Seminario Internacional: Metas de la Ayuda al Desarrollo: Acciones para un Cambio Socio-econmico del Ecuador. Quito: INEDES, [1973?]. xi, 126 p. Contents: Fernando Velasco, Crecimiento econmico-social del Ecuador; Oswaldo Hurtado, Diagnstico socio-poltico del Ecuador; INEDES, Anlisis cuantitativo de la educacin; Luis Lpez, Situacin fiscal del Ecuador; Jos Vicente Eguiguren, Iglesia y promocin en el Ecuador; INEDES, Orientaciones para el cambio socio-econmico; Heinz-Bernd Knuvener, El Tercer Mundo desde la perspectiva del mundo desarrollado. 2936. Sevilla Salgado, Juan. Diario de un cambio poltico: enero 1979-mayo 1981. Quito: Impr. del Colegio Tcnico Don Bosco, 1984. 171 p. 2937. Sierra Castro, Enrique. El estilo de la planificacin en el Ecuador: antecedentes, problemas y perspectivas. Quito: CORDES (Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo), 1988. 44 p. 2938. Silva Luvecce, Jorge. El militarismo en la accin poltica nacional, Economa (Quito), 74 (dic. 1979), 50-102. 2939. Silva Luvecce, Jorge. Nacionalismo y petrleo en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1976. 236 p. Also published under the title: Ecuador 1976: fracas el nacionalismo? 2940. Tafur, Marco. La relacin estado-empresa privada a travs de las transferencias financieras: los signos de la acumulacin. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1991. 163 p. 2941. Tern, Juan Fernando. AVC: revelaciones y reflexiones sobre una guerrilla inconclusa? Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1994. 250 p. 2942. Thoumi, Francisco E. The Hidden Logic of Irrational Economic Policies in Ecuador, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 32:1 (Summer 1990), 43-68. Argues the nation needs more rather than less state intervention in the economy to promote development, that is to say, to create the conditions necessary for sustained growth, especially if the country is to become regionally competitive and socially equitable. Critical of recent administrations yet sanguine as to possibilities. 2943. Ulloa Vernimmen, Jos. Taura, patologa de un complot: la verdad documentad. Guayaquil: Edit. Tercer Milenio, 1989. vii, 218 p. 2944. Urriola, Rafael. Crisis, FMI y neo-liberalismo. Quito: Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales, 1984. 80 p. 2945. Vallejo, Carlos. Polticas estatales de comercializacin agropecuaria, 1980-1986. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, [1987?]. 34, [62] p. 2946. Van Dongen, Toine. The Restrepo Case: Murky Waters, Human Rights Quarterly, 14:3 (Aug. 1992), 289-302.

Reports on results of fact-finding mission of a commission of inquiry established by the United Nations Secretary General to look into the disappearance of two sons of prominent Colombian residents. It turned out that members of the National Police had killed the two teenagers, neither of whom appear to have been problem children in any sense, and secretly disposed of their bodies. The why and wherefore are bizarre. 2947. Varas, Augusto; and Fernando Bustamante. Fuerzas armadas y poltica en Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Latinoamericana, 1978. 214 p. 2948. Verdesoto C., Luis F. 1972-1976: petrleo, expansin capitalista, tiempo, reforma y ordenamiento de fuerzas, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 3, p. 191-251. A more or less objective assessment of political and economic developments during the Rodrguez Lara administration. 2949. Verdesoto C., Luis F. Cmaras de industria, estrategia reformista y poltica 1972-1976, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 2:7/8 (1978), 204-240. 2950. Verdesoto C., Luis F. El sistema de partidos polticos y la sociedad civil en Ecuador, Los Sistemas polticos en Amrica Latina, coordinacin de Lorenzo Meyer y Jos Luis Reyna (Mxico, D.F.: Siglo Veintiuno Editores; Tokio: Universidad de las Naciones Unidas, 1989), p. 127-170. 2951. Verduga, Csar. Algunos rasgos de un caso particular de intervencin estatal en el desarrollo del capitalismo en el agro, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 2:7/8 (1978), 286-300. 2952. Verduga, Csar. Se consolidar el proceso democrtico ecuatoriano?, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 44:4 (oct./dic. 1982), 1163-1185. 2953. Verduga, Csar; and Gustavo Cosse. El Estado y el agro en el caso ecuatoriano: reflexiones sobre una investigacin, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 40:3 (jul./sept. 1978), 1055-1100. 2954. Verduga, Csar; and Gustavo Cosse. Las polticas estatales para el agro ecuatoriano en el perodo 1941-1968, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 135-193. Notwithstanding the title, the authors focus on the years 1964-1975 and wander all over the economic face of the country. Also they write as though the state were an entity in and of itself, independent of the Armed Forces, politicians and other personages, and the political parties. 2955. Verduga, Csar; and Ninfa Len. El arte de diferenciar: dilogos con Csar Verduga. Quito: Fundacin Grupo Esquel-Ecuador: ILDIS, 1992. 140 p. Verduga is a politician, an academician, a former Minister of Labor, and a human rights worker. 2956. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Ecuador, la poltica ecnomica en la dcada de los aos ochenta. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992. 173 p. A chronicle of economic stabilization and related policy-making by the Rolds, Hurtado, Febrs

Cordero, and Rodrigo Borja administrations. 2957. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Poltica de desarrollo del Ecuador: resumen y evaluacin 1973-1977 (una visin general), 2 ed. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1979. 155 p. 2958. Villamizar Herrera, Dario. Ecuador, 1960-1990: insurgencia, democracia y dictadura, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1990. 252 p. 2959. Villavicencio, Gaitn. La poltica de vivienda de los Gobiernos de las Fuerzas Armadas Ecuatorianas (1972-1977): elementos para una discusin. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1981. 39 p. 2960. Viva la patria!, por Jaime Roldos Aguilera [et al.], 3 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1981. 247 p. 2961. Vote sabiendo: lo que ofrecen los partidos y los candidados. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 240 p. Edited by Agustn Grijalva. For the original version of this guide to parties and their candidates, see item 2904 and for the latest edition as of July 1997, item 2748. 2962. El Voto ecuatoriano 1986: anlisis de las eleciones, [Marco] Arteaga [et al.]. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales: Universidad de Guayaquil, Instituto de Estudios Sociales, Jurdicas y Polticas, 1986. 141 p. 2963. Wray, Natalia. La constitucin del movimiento tnico-nacional indio en Ecuador, Amrica indgena, 49:1 (ene./mar. 1989), 77-99. 2964. Wright, Freeman J. The 1968 Ecuadorean Presidential Campaign, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 23:4 (Spring 1970), 81-94. 2965. Zambrano Castillo, Guido. Batallas por la presidencia. Quito: Corporacin de Informacin, Liderazgo y Desarrollo Ecuatoriano, 1988. 125 p. 2966. Zambrano Castillo, Guido. Len Febres Cordero: significacin histrica. Quito: Consultora para la Organizacin e Innovacin del Desarrollo Ecuatoriano, 1987. 155 p. 2967. Zambrano Castillo, Guido. Todos contra Nebot: el cambio ya ... : ... con amor y esperanza. Guayaquil: Corporacin para la Informacin, Liderazgo y Desarrollo Ecuatoriano Cilde, 1992. 127 p. 2968. Zambrano Pasquel, Alfonso. Ran Gazit: la sombra tras el poder, 1 ed. Guayaquil: EDINO, 1990. 121 p. 2969. Zamosc, Leon. Agrarian Protest and the Indian Movement in the Ecuadorian Highlands, Latin American Research Review, 29:3 (1994), 37-68. An analysis and assessment of the June 1990 uprising--by and large a peaceful protest--and of the factors underlying the Levantamiento Nacional Indgena as convoked by the Confederacin de Nacionalidades Indgenas del Ecuador (CONAIE). 2970. Zavala Baquerizo, Jorge E. Una relacin para la historia, 1969. Quito: Impr. de

Suministros del Estado, 1969. 43 p. 2971. Zevallos, Jos V. Cronologa de la poltica agraria en el Ecuador, 1972-1979. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Departamento de Sociologa, 1985. 159 p. 2972. Zevallos, Jos V. El Estado ecuatoriano y las transnacionales petroleras: ocho aos de alianza y conflicto, 1972-1979. Quito: Universidad Catlica, 1981. 72 p. 2973. Zevallos, Jos V. La poltica petrolera ecuatoriana 1976-79, Economa y desarrollo (Quito), 2:4 (nov. 1980), 54-63.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

ESTUDIOS HISTORIOGRAFICOS Y RELACIONADOS

This section is given over to published materials having to do with the study and teaching of the Humanities and the Social Sciences in Ecuador as well as historiographical studies per se. Only a few books and articles on the study and teaching of the Humanities appear because there do not seem to have been more than a handful published before 1996. Apparently this is because the Humanities, with the notable exception of Literature, did not attract nearly as much attention in Ecuador as History and the Social Sciences, at least not during the last third of the twentieth century. Interestingly enough national historiography did not generate all that much in the way of publications either. There were many studies, however, of Ecuadorian historians, mostly biographical in nature. Until the 1970s, history in Ecuador was dominated by self-taught men of letters who were usually also men of action. Scholars of the latetwentieth century, mostly professionally trained, were often actively involved in politics too. Therefore almost all Ecuadorian writers of history have also been makers of history. Hence it is not surprising that not only have traditional Ecuadorian historians largely concerned themselves with persons and politics, but that the majority of writermakers of history, including the professionally trained, should in turn be the subject of numerous biographies. Post-1974 lives of the writer-makers of history are cited below under Biographies as are older works of continuing importance. For a more complete listing of pre-1975 studies of Ecuadorian historians see Norriss Gua bibliogrfica (item 150), p. 14-26. The best survey of the traditional historiography of Ecuador was Adam Szszdis 1964 article, now available in Spanish as well as in the original English (item 288). The best introduction to the new history, on the other hand, was Jorge Nez Snchezs 1994 La historiografa ecuatoriana (item 265). Nez Snchezs study is primarily concerned with the nature of history and the difficulty of being a historian in Ecuador in the latetwentieth century. His discussion of la institucionalidad existente is especially informative and enlightening. The only comprehensive review of recent work on the colonial period was Rosemarie Terns contribution to the 1993 Congreso Ecuatoriano de Historia (item 291), but see also Christiana Borchart de Moreno and Segundo E. Moreno Ynezs outstanding

analysis of the new historiography on the eighteenth century (item 208). On the national period see Juan J. Paz y Mio Cepedas contribution to the 1993 Congreso (item 270). On historiographic developments of the first half of the twentieth century, see item 2421. Another study of some importance is Jeffrey Klaibers Estudios recientes sobre la Iglesia en Per, Bolivia y Ecuador: un balance historiogrfico, Histrica (Lima), 19:2, dic. 1995, p. 251-280. N.B. Klaiber includes studies of the history of Protestantism in the central Andean republics. Two other articles of interest are: Heraclio Bonillas Progresos y dilemas de la historiografa en el Ecuador: primera parte, Nariz del diablo, 16 (1990)--not yet seen by me--and Vctor Peralta Ruizs La historia en el Ecuador (1980-1990) (item 272). Professionally trained scholars, Bonilla and Peralta Ruiz are Peruvians and therefore bring a somewhat different perspective to bear. Peralta Ruiz, for example, examines recent historiographical developments from the vantage of lo andino--a more appropriate paradigm than the in vogue at the time dependency model--and from that of a country where History at a discipline is more strongly rooted. Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia (1991-) (item 491) has begun and hopefully will continue to revolutionize the study of history as a discipline in Ecuador. Six of the first ten issues of Procesos (i.e., nos. 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, and 10) include a critical review essay, beginning with no. 1, or an historiographic essay, beginning with no. 2 (see item 228). In additions to the studies listed below, see Jorge Caizares, Aportes historiogrficos de la obra de Eduardo Estrella, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 10 (I sem. 1997), 123-129.

201. Alvarez , Silvia G. Una dcada de arqueologa en la ESPOL, Cuadernos del ro, 4/5 (sept. 1993), 22-39. Delineates and evaluates the activities of the Escuela Tcnica de Arqueologa of the Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral in Guayaquil (founded in 1980) during its first ten years, especially under the leadership of Jorge G. Marcos. See also items 280 and 324. Reprinted in item 810. 202. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. El den Juan Flix Proao, cientfico, historiador y guerrillero, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 105-154. A more or less useful source of information on the career and publications of Juan Flix Proao (1850-1938), a riobambeo, a priest, a Conservative, a combatant in the 18951899 campaigns, the founder and editor of Dios y patria (1923), a self-taught paleontologist and antiquarian, and a staunch defender of Juan de Velasco. Apparently most, of not all, of Proaos studies appeared as newspaper articles. See also Carlos Freile Granizos Juan de Velasco: apuntes sobre una incomprensin, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 12:11 (jul. 1993), 19-36, a reevaluation of the Historia del reino de Quito, especially of Velascos reliance on oral tradition and his thesis that there existed a Kingdom of Quito

prior to the Inca and Spanish conquests. Includes a presentation and discussion of a heretofore unknown portion of the early-twentieth-century polemic between Jijn y Caamao, the most important of Ecuadors first field archaeologists, an avid critic of Velasco, and Proao, nominally one of the countrys first scientific historians, an equally avid defender of Velasco. 203. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Historia, compromiso y poltica: ensayos sobre historiografa ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: Planeta, 1989. 114 p. An anthology of essays, all of which had been previously published, on major works of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Ecuadorian historians. 204. Barnadas, Josep Mara. El P. Mario Cical (1718-?) y su obra, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 49:107 (ene./jun. 1966), 93-105. Cical was the author of a major, late colonial period Descrizione istorio-fisica della provincia del Quito (1771), for the particulars of the long delayed publication of which see item 7248. 205. Barrera, Isaac J. Federico Gonzlez Surez; Pedro Fermn Cevallos. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1968. 71 p. Adds nothing to the following item (206). 206. Barrera, Isaac J. Historiografa del Ecuador. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1956. 124 p. An adulatory survey of the traditional historians Juan de Velasco, Pedro Fermn Cevallos, Federico Gonzlez Surez, and Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. 207. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. El desarrollo del estudio de la arqueologa en el Ecuador a partir de Gonzlez Surez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 191-200. A detailed, highly factual review. 208. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana; and Segundo E. Moreno Ynez. La historia socio-econmica ecuatoriana del siglo XVIII, Revista de Indias, 49:186 (mayo/ago. 1989), 379-409. A solid review of the then mostly new literature, almost all of which dated from the 1970s and 1980s, on the demographic, economic, and social history of the eighteenth century. Also published as: Balance y tendencias de la historia socio-econmica ecuatoriana, siglo XVIII. Quito: FLACSO, 1990. 50 p. See also items 270 and 291. 209. Bravo, Julin G. Contribucin del humanista P. Aurelio Espinosa Plit a la historiografa ecuatoriana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 132-160. A somewhat informative but hardly unbiased and far from complete review of Espinosa Plits major contributions to Ecuadorian letters.

210. Bravo, Julin G. La Iglesia ecuatoriana y las relaciones con el Estado durante el gobierno de Garca Moreno, 1859-1863, por William M. King, S.I., Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 2 (1976), 71-78. A critical review of Kings doctoral dissertation (item 5262). 211. Brubaker, George A. Federico Gonzlez Surez, Historian of Ecuador, Journal of Inter-American Affairs, 5:2 (Apr. 1963), 235-248. An objective evaluation of the archbishop-historians historical studies. Also published in Spanish as: Federico Gonzlez Surez, historiador del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 258-267. 212. Caillavet, Chantal. Investigaciones en etnohistoria de Ecuador, Revista andina, 2:3 (jul. 1984), 163-167. Makes several enduring points. 1) Although archival research in the country has become easier to do than it used to be, it still takes for more time and patience than it should. 2) Primary sources may not be as complete or extensive as for the more important colonies of New Spain and the Perus. [Nonetheless, more and more sources turn up as more and more research is undertaken.] 3) Too many scholars have relied on Juan de Velascos Historia del Reino de Quito (items 540 and 1532), accepting it as an accurate, detailed chronicle instead of recognizing it as an expression of protonationalism and therefore insofar as the prehispanic period is concerned, a fable. 4) Almost all of the ethnohistorical research done, not just as of 1984 but also as of 1997, has been of the highlands. 213. Carpio Vintimilla, Julio. Por qu no investiga la universidad ecuatoriana?, Revista del IDIS, 10 (feb. 1982), 107-131. Examines and explicates the limited research that was being done in national universities in the 1970s and early 1980s. Attributes lack of research to the emphasis on preparation of practitioners, the lack of communication between universities and society, the lack of definition of mission, and the lack of support for research. See also item 237. 214. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Algunos hechos y dos nombres en la historiografa azuaya, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 81-115. An appreciation of the oeuvre of Vctor Manuel Albornoz and Jos Mara Vargas. 215. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Panorama del pensamiento histrico en el Ecuador, del siglo XVI al siglo XIX: (fragmento), Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 19:3/4 (jul./dic. 1963), 431-460. A precis of item 216. Reprinted in the authors Temas histricos ecuatorianos (item 217). 216. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Reflexiones sobre la historia del Ecuador. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1957-1960. 2 v.

Consists of insightful reflections on the traditional historiography, especially on the histories of Juan de Velasco, Pedro Fermn Cevallos, and Federico Gonzlez Surez, as well as on the history of Ecuador, by a leading historian of ideas and philosopher of history. Reprinted with an introductory study by Jos Mara Vargas: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 2 v. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 35-36) Also: Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. (Obras completas, Gabriel Cevallos Garca; 4-5) 217. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Temas histricos ecuatorianos. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1987. 2 v. (Obras completas, Gabriel Cevallos Garca; 1-2) An anthology of previously published essays on various aspects of the historiography and history of the country. Contents: vol. 1, Para entender bin al Ecuador (1957); Panorama del pensamiento histrico del Ecuador del siglo XVI al siglo XIX (1963); Programa de historia de la cultura ecuatoriana (1964); Historiadores ecuatorianos: Juan de Velasco (1958); Juan de Velasco e Iigo Abad y La Sierra (1970); Teora del hombre-pueblo (1944); La Audiencia de Quito: colofn de una guerra de cien aos (1966). Vol. 2, El diez de agosto y nosotros (1959); Garca Moreno conservador? (1940); Por un Garca Moreno de cuerpo entero (1978); El concordato Garciano (1976); Borrero y Veintemilla (1980); La era del Progresismo (1980); Alfaro y su poca (1980); La ideas liberales en el Ecuador (1960). 218. Collier, Donald. One Hundred Years of Ecuadorian Archaeology, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 5-37. A survey of developments by one of the pioneers of modern archaeological studies of Ecuador. 219. Contreras C., Carlos. Balance de la historia econmica del Ecuador, HISLA, 5 (1985), 127-134. 220. Cordero de Espinosa, Susana. Panorama de los estudios crticos sobre la obra de Juan Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 15-93. 221. Crespo Toral, Remigio. La conciencia nacional: estudio crtico de los historiadores ecuatorianos, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1 (ene. 1921), 73-96. One of the earliest attempts to establish and evaluate the history of history in/of Ecuador. Still worth reading. Reprinted in the authors La conciencia nacional y otros estudios sobre historia (item 1923), p. 31-66. 222. De la Torre Espinosa, Carlos. Regin, clase y discurso: anlisis crtico de varias obras recientes sobre el proceso social y poltico ecuatoriano entre 1930 y 1950,

Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 4 (I sem. 1993), 103-115. A critical review of almost all, if not all, of the then recent studies on the 1930s and 1940s. 223. Drekonja, Gerhard. Ecuador, ensayo bibliogrfico, Ecuador hoy (item 2730), p. 283-313. More of a historiographic than a bibliographic essay. Objective and perspicacious. 224. Duranti, Reginaldo. La veracidad del Sr. Dr. Federico Gonzlez Surez en orden a ciertos hechos referidos en el tomo IV de su Historia general. Quito: Impr. de Santo Domingo, 1894. 48 p. A coeval reaction to the archbishop-historians expos of the scandalous behavior of some members of the clergy in the capital in the 1700s. 225. Espinoza, Leonardo. La investigacin histrica en el Ecuador, Revista del IDIS., 11 (mayo 1982), 19-26. See also Espinozas Perspectivas de la investigacin histrica ecuatoriana: siglos XIX y XX, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 277-285. 226. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Etnohistoria Carengue y Cayambe: lo investigado y lo que falta investigar, Boletn de Lima, 9:49 (ene. 1987), 89-95. Reviews recent ethnohistorical research on ethnic groups of prehispanic Ecuador and delineates that which as of the late 1980s, remained to be done in Espinozas opinion. 227. Estrella Vintimilla, Pablo. Una dcada de investigacin social en la Universidad de Cuenca, 1 ed. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1985. 96 p. Reports on the activities of the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales. 228. Fernndez Rueda, Sonia. Historiografa de la arquitectura en la poca colonial: algunas consideraciones, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 2 (I sem. 1992), 105-117. A brief review of studies of the history of architecture during the colonial period. Emphasizes the contributions of Jos Gabriel Navarro and Jos Mara Vargas. 229. Flor M., Felix. Por los campos de la biografa ecuatoriana, Revista, Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo del Chimborazo, 2:3 (nov. 1954), 43-56. 230. Flor Vsconez, Jos Joaqun. El historiador franco-ecuatoriano J.M. Le Gouhir, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 68:145/146 (ene./dic. 1985), 202-244. 231. Flor Vsconez, Jos Joaqun. El historiador Luis Robalino Dvila. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1975. 32 p. 232. Gmez E., Nelson. Los estudios regionales en el Ecuador, Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 23-34. 233. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Defensa de mi criterio histrico. Quito: Archivo

Municipal, 1937. vi, 284 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 12) Published posthumously. Written in 1913. 234. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. El escribano Ascaray, Boletn eclesistico (Quito), 16:14 (15 jul. 1909), 527-545. Juan de Ascaray (b.1743) was one of the earliest chroniclers of the Presidency of Quito (see items 1348, 1349, 4962, and 6934). 235. Granata, Massimo. Lintransigentismo cattolico ed il mito di Garca Moreno, Bollettino dellArchivio per la Storia del Movimento Sociale Cattolico in Italia, 19:1 (1984), 49-77. A critical review of the posthumous mythification of Garca Moreno by conservative Catholics. 236. Guerra Bravo, Samuel M. Apuntes para una crtica a los estudios sobre Eugenio Espejo, 1796-1976, Quitumbe, 4:4 1976), 59-83. A dispassionate review of the mostly passionate studies of the philosophe and precursor, from Pablo Herreras Ensayo sobre la historia de la literatura ecuatoriana (item 4647) through Ekkehart Keedings Espejo y las banderitas de Quito de 1.794 (item 4355). See also item 3200. 237. Hernndez, Mercedes A. de; and Gaitn Villavicencio. Diagnstico intencionado sobre la situacin de la investigacin cientfico-tcnica en la Universidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Planificacin Universitaria, 1986. 177, [63] p. 238. Historiografa ecuatoriana, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Rodolfo Agoglia. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. 564 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 25) Exemplifies and delineates the state of historiography in Ecuador, as of the mid-1980s, through the reproduction of representative texts by national authors and introductory comments by Agoglia. 239. Idrovo Urigen, Jaime. Panorama histrico de la arqueologa ecuatoriana, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 8 (1989), 9-107. A solid survey of the history of archaeology in and on Ecuador. 240. La Investigacin econmica en el Ecuador, Germnico Salgado [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS, 1989. 469 p. A comprehensive listing and analysis of economic research in Ecuador during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. 241. La Investigacin socio-econmica en el Ecuador: reflexiones acerca del mtodo, seleccin de textos e introduccin, Fernando Rosero Garcs. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Economa, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 162 p.

242. Jerves, Alfonso Mara. Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador: (observaciones histrico-crticas), Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 5:17 (dic. 1930), 140-160; 5:18 (abr. 1931), 140-160; 5:19 (jun. 1931), 213-236; 5:20 (ago. 1931), 325-342; 6:21 (nov. 1931), 36-64; 6:22 (ene. 1932), 132-162; 6:23 (mar. 1932), 214-229. Continued in: Oriente dominicano, 9:40 (ene./feb. 1936), 174-176; 9:41 (mar./abr. 1936), 209-212; 9:42 (mayo/jun. 1936), 250-252; 9:43/44 (jul./oct. 1936), 312-314. Glosses and critiques Gonzlez Surezs Historia general (item 1388). 243. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Examen crtico de la veracidad de la Historia del Reino de Quito del P. Juan de Velasco de la Compaa de Jess, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:1 (jun./jul. 1918), 33-63. As anti and vehement yet at the same time as well founded a rejection of Velascos prehispanic Kingdom of Quito as one is likely to find in the literature. Es la historia de los shyris fbula perniciosa que urge borrar de todo libro serio ... (p. 62). 244. Jimnez, Nicols. La biografa en el Ecuador, Amrica (Quito), 10:60/61 (1935), 152-164. A discourse on the role of biography in national letters. Stresses the importance of great men and the need to write up their exemplary lives. Jimnez was not altogether an ingenue, however. According to him, Ecuador has had only a handful of great men. Exemplifies the mentality and approach of all too many of the countrys biographers. Reprinted in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 19:55 (ene./jun. 1940), 109124. 245. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Archivos eclesisticos e historia del arte ecuatoriano aplicada: el caso del Convento de Santo Domingo de Quito, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 9 (1992), 9-25. A cogent review of the historiography of art history of/in Ecuador as well as a report on the authors activities and efforts to make a go of it as an art historian. 246. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. La historiografa ecuatoriana: (una apretada visin de conjunto), Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 57-69. A sketchy but nonetheless insightful review of the historiography of Ecuador from the chroniclers of the conquest through the cultivators of the new history. 247. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos; Cristbal Landzuri N.; and Guadalupe Soasti. Tres comentarios a la Historia demogrfica y econmica de la Audiencia de Quito de Robson B. Tyrer, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:7 (1990), 283-296. An extended review of Tyrers Historia demogrfica y econmica (item 5427). Evaluates and partially updates Tyrers findings in accordance with subsequent research. 248. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Las biografas de Santa Mariana de Jess. Quito:

Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1970. 172 p. Analyzes biographical studies and hagiographies of the Azucena de Quito. Includes a summary of the life of the saint and a chapter on Fuentes para las biografas de Mariana de Jess: los procesos. 249. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Introduccin y notas a la Relacin de Miguel de Estete, sobre el descubrimiento y la conquista del Per, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:3 (oct./dic. 1918), 300-350. The introduction to Estetes El descubrimiento y conquista del Per published for the first time by Larrea in Quito a year later (1919) in what Means (in item 258) describes as a splendid edition, in transcript and in facsimile, with important introductory material and terminal [i.e., end] notes, of the 1535 Ms. 250. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El padre Juan de Velasco y su Historia del Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 5-23. A useful biobibliography and a more or less objective assessment of Ecuadors first historian. 251. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Resea sinttica del desarrollo de los estudios etnolgicos en el Ecuador, Boletn de investigaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 6:56 (1953), 159-167. A brief history of ethnographic and archaeological studies in the country through 1951. Reprinted in item 599. 252. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Tres historiadores: Velasco, Gonzlez Surez, Jijn y Caamao, prlogo de Jorge Salvador Lara. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 322 p. A posthumous collection of Larreas biobibliographical studies of Father Velasco, of the archbishop-historian (Gonzlez Surez), and of the first field archaeologist in Ecuador (Jijn y Caamao). 253. Lpez-Ocn Cabrera, Leoncio. Las actividades americanistas del naturalista espaol Marcos Jimnez de la Espada, La Ciencia espaola en ultramar: actas de las I Jornadas sobre Espaa y las expediciones cientficas en Amrica y Filipinas (Madrid: Doce Calles, 1991), p. 362-380. An appreciation of the life and oeuvre of the compiler and editor of the classic Relaciones geogrficas de Indias: Per (item 1406). See also Lpez-Ocns 1990 doctoral thesis De viajero naturalista a historiador: las actividades americanistas del cientfico espaol Marcos Jimnez de la Espada (1831-1898). Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 254. Maiguashca, Juan. Breves apuntes sobre la historia econmica en el Ecuador, Historia econmica en Amrica Latina, 1 ed. (Mxico: SepSetentas, 1972), vol. 1, p. 142-162. A pioneering examination of the status of economic historiography in Ecuador, barely nascent at the time Maiguashca wrote this essay. See also item 132.

Reprinted (but not updated) as: Breves apuntes sobre la situacin de la historia econmica en el Ecuador, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:2 (1977), 93-105. 255. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Historia del Ecuador, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 207-225. Reports on authors work as a member of the commission formed by an act of Congress in 1921 to prepare an official, revised, and up-to-date edition--not that one ever was--of Pedro Fermn Cevalloss Resumen de la historia del Ecuador (item 553). 256. Martnez Borrero, Juan. La investigacin de la cultura popular en el Ecuador, Artesanas de Amrica, 20/21 (abr. 1986), 21-40. 257. Mayor Lpez, Carlos. La obra lexicogrfica de Antonio de Alcedo (1735-1812). 1991. 295 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York, Albany. 258. Means, Philip Ainsworth. Biblioteca Andina: Essays on the Lives and Works of the Chroniclers, or, The Writers of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries Who Treated of the Prehispanic History and Culture of the Andean Countries, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 29 (May 1928), 271-525. Has long since become a classic. Although dated insofar as more recent versions of the chroniclers are concerned, still very much worth consulting inasmuch as Means was a perspicacious commentator. Reprinted as a book under the same title with the same pagination: Detroit: Blaine Ethridge, 1973. 259. Merino, Luis. The Relation between the Noticias secretas and the Viaje a la Amrica meridional, The Americas: a Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 13:2 (Oct. 1956), 111-125. A critical analysis of Juan and Ulloas Relacin histrica del viaje a la Amrica Meridional (item 7382) and their Noticias secretas de Amrica (item 7330), the authorship of both of which Merino attributes entirely to Ulloa and of the extent to which either work may be said to have been based on personal observation. N.B. Merino maintains that the 1826 edition of the Noticias secretas is faithful to the manuscript version used by Barry. See also item 5110. 260. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn y los estudios genealgicos en el pas, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 4/5:6 (dic. 1985), 1-4. An appreciation of the genealogical work of Gangotena y Jijn (1884-1954). 261. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Antropologa ecuatoriana: pasado y presente. Quito: Edit. Ediguas, 1992. 136 p. A solid account of the emergence of anthropology, archaeology, and ethnohistory as disciplines, their historical antecedents, and the state of anthropological, archaeological, and ethnohistorical research in Ecuador as of the early 1990s. A preliminary version appeared as: Pasado y presente de la antropologa ecuatoriana:

notas para su historia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 71:151/152(ene./dic. 1988), 303-394. 262. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. La etnohistoria y el protagonismo de los pueblos colonizados: contribucin en el Ecuador, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 5 (II sem. 1993/I sem. 1994), 53-73. An important statement as to the then recent and current status of ethnohistory and history as disciplines and professions in Ecuador by a leading Ecuadorian ethnohistorian. See also Moreno Ynezs Historiografa indgena y tradicin de lucha Ecuador indgena (item 571), p. 63-70. 263. Naranjo, Marcelo F. Ideologa de la investigacin en el Ecuador, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 196-206. An important delineation of the ideological constraints to which research was and may still be subject in Ecuador. During the 1960s and 1970s the focus of government agency research was ideologically driven and the token amount the government allocated to state universities for research was a reflection of the States negative view of the antiestablish-mentarianism of academicians, for example. 264. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. El estado actual de los estudios histricos en el Ecuador y su importancia para la historia de Espaa, Boletn del Instituto Nacional Meja, ser. 7, 2:23/26 (ene./abr. 1935), 85-109. Navarros only statement on the state of historiography in Ecuador. Delimited to studies on the colonial period. Reprinted in his: Estudios histricos, presentacin por Jorge Salvador Lara, recopilacin por Wilson Vega (Quito: Aymesa; Academia Nacional de Historia, 1995), p. 21-53. 265. Nez Snchez, Jorge. La historiografa ecuatoriana contempornea (19701994). Quito: Ediciones de la FAU, 1994. 135 p. A major review of late-twentieth-century works by Ecuadorian or national scholars who cultivate the past and Ecuadorianists or foreign historians by one of the leading national cultivators of the new history. Especially concerned with trends (i.e., ideological and theoretical frameworks), approaches to the past, and types of history. Includes a substantial bibliography (p. 57-132). The text under the same title--but not the accompanying bibliography--also appeared in: Anuario de estudios americanos, 53:1 (1996), 277-308. 266. Ortiz Crespo, Gonzalo. La construccin de la historia social en el Ecuador, Economa y desarrollo (Quito), 1:2 (nov. 1979), 9-30. An important commentary on works published by Ecuadorians and Ecuadorianists on the political economy and social history of the country. Primarily concerned with those studies that attempt to provide a theoretical framework, however incomplete, for understanding the process of [Ecuadors] development or that focus on the nineteenth

century. 267. Ospina, Pablo. Imaginarios nacionalistas: historia y significados nacionales en Ecuador, siglos XIX y XX, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 9 (II sem. 1996), 111-124. A critical review of the role of history, especially of officially sponsored histories, in the formation of nationalism in Ecuador. Emphasizes the boundary dispute issue and views of indigenous groups. 268. Pachano, Simn. Ciencias sociales y polticas en el Ecuador, Ciencias sociales y polticas en Amrica Latina (Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1987), p. 48-64. An exceptionally insightful, highly suggestive outline of political, socioeconomic, and Social Scientific trends and developments and relationships between politics and intellectuals, the state and the Social Sciences in Ecuador from the advent of the Liberals through the late-twentieth century. 269. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. El desarrollo de la investigacin social en el Ecuador: apuntes para su estudio, Revista del IDIS, 10 (feb. 1982), 51-74. A superficial review of the emergence of social scientific research in the twentieth century, beginning with the publication of Espinosa Tamayos Psicologa y sociologa del pueblo ecuatoriano in 1916 (item 8324). 270. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Juan J. La historiografa econmica del Ecuador sobre el s. XIX y XX en los ltimos 25 aos, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 5 (II sem. 1993/I sem. 1994), 75-115. An insightful analysis of late-twentieth century studies of the economic history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. 271. Pealoza Bretel, Marco Antonio. La investigacin historiogrfica sobre la hacienda serrana ecuatoriana del s. XIX, Procesos, 7 (I sem. 1995), 35-58. A solid review of the relatively limited work that had been done as of the mid 1990s on the history of rural estates in the highlands in the 1800s. Thematically and chronologically specific. Includes a bibliography. 272. Peralta Ruiz, Vctor. La historia en el Ecuador (1980-1990), Revista andina, 9:1 (jul. 1991), 261-274. A favorable yet nonetheless critical analysis of the advances of the 1980s in terms of the ideological debates prevalent in Ecuadorian (but not necessarily Ecuadorianist) historiography during the decade in question. The author is a Peruvian and an Andeanist. 273. Perspectivas de la investigacin histrica ecuatoriana: siglos XIX y XX, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 277-285. The conclusions of the 1980 Simposio sobre el Ecuador en 1830. 274. Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo. Algunas reflexiones sobre la obra Noticias

secretas de Amrcia, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 2 (1976), 79-82. Maintains that the Barry edition or 1826 version is not entirely faithful to the original text and that Juan and Ulloas treatise is not altogether accurate. 275. Porras Barrenechea, Ral. Los cronistas del Per, 1528-1650, y otros ensayos, edicin, prlogo y notas de Franklin Pease G.Y., revisada, aumentada y actualizada por Oswaldo Holgun Callo, bibliografa de Flix Alvarez Brun y Graciela Snchez Cerro. Lima: Banco de Crdito del Per: Ministerio de Educacin, 1986. 964 p. One of the most important analysis of the chroniclers of the conquest and early colonial periods ever undertaken. 276. Porras G., Pedro I. Resea histrica de las investigaciones arqueolgicas en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 133-146. A detailed review of the limited scientific archaeological work done in the Oriente by Clifford Evans, Betty Meggers, and Porras himself. Includes a discussion of the amateur and dilatory labor of their predecessors. 277. Porras P., Mara Elena. Nuevas perspectivas sobre la historia territorial del Ecuador y Per: crticas de los textos escolares de historia de lmites, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 5 (II sem. 1993/I sem. 1994), 117-123. The most important points that Mara Elena Porras makes are: 1) to base Ecuadors territorial claims on the alleged pre-Inca Reino de Quito and the doctrine of uti possidetis of 1810 perpetuates the mythification of the history of Ecuador; 2) that to continue to portray Peru as the villain tends to exacerbate tension and misunderstanding between Ecuador and Peru; and 3) that the history of boundaries as taught in both countries contributes neither to the formation of national consciousness nor to the resolution of the conflict. 278. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. Pedro de Mercado, historiador y escritor del siglo XVII, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 68:145/146 (ene./dic. 1985), 103120. Mercado (1620-1701) was a Jesuit priest and the author of the monumental Historia de la Provincia del Nuevo Reino y Quito de la Compaa de Jess (item 5109). 279. Ruales B., Ricardo. Los estudios sobre Manuela Senz, Quitumbe, 5 (1982), 34-63. A critical review of literature on Bolvars quitea lover. 280. Salazar, Ernesto. La arqueologa contempornea del Ecuador (1970-1993), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 5 (II sem. 1993/I sem. 1994), 5-28. A balanced survey of scientific archaeology in Ecuador. Includes a discussion of pre1970 developments, especially of the work of Jacinto Jijn y Caamao, Emilio Estrada, Betty J. Meggers, and Clifford Evans.

281. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Cuenca y los historiadores, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 119-134. 282. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Tres artculos del P. Juan de Velasco, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 164-170. An unabashedly favorable appreciation of Father Velasco. An example of the traditional, still all too prevalent great man approach to the past. 284. Schmit, Marilee. Ethnicity, Cultural Continuity, and Socioeconomic Processes: Recent Works in Ecuadorian Ethnology and Ethnography, Latin American Research Review, 23:3 (1988), 238-247. Reviews Luzuriaga and Zuvekass Income Distribution and Poverty (item 129), Political Anthropology of Ecuador (item 7956), Whittens Sicuanga Runa (item 8178), and Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity (item 7939). 285. Schroder, Barbara. Indians in the Halls of Academe: Rural Andean Peoples Confront Social Science, Peasant Studies, 18:2 (Winter 1991), 97-116. Reviews scholarship on the Levantamiento Nacional Indgena of 1990. 286. Smith, Peter H. The Image of a Dictator: Gabriel Garca Moreno, Hispanic American Historical Review, 45:1 (Feb. 1965), 1-24. A critical review of pro and con literature by Ecuadorian and other Latin American scholars. 287. Szszdi, Adam. The Economic History of the Diocese of Quito, 1616-1787, Latin American Research Review, 21:2 (1986), 266-275. Reviews Claytons Los astilleros de Guayaquil colonial (item 6744), Cushners Farm and Factory (item 1370), Freile Granizos transcription of the Actas del Cabildo colonial de Guayaquil (item 6789), and the Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas (item 509), and comments on other recent work on the economic history of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Marred by personalism unlike the authors earlier survey (item 288). 288. Szszdi, Adam. The Historiography of the Republic of Ecuador, Hispanic American Historical Review, 44:4 (Nov. 1964), 503-550. A comprehensive, more or less objective survey of traditional Ecuadorian historiography. Also published in Spanish as: La historiografa de la Repblica del Ecuador, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 129-172. 289. Los Talleres de Investigacin Social: una experiencia referente a la historia social, Felicia Astudillo [et al.], Revista del IDIS, 10 (feb. 1982), 135-170. Outlines the research plan for Estructura social y lucha de clases en la regin centrosur del Ecuador (1820-1861) under the direction of Lucas A. Achig S. 290. Tern, Francisco. Los gegrafos de la patria, Estudios de historia y geografa

(Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983), p. 149-183. A knowledgeable review of geographic studies of the country, beginning with those of Dionisio de Alsedo y Herrera in the mid-eighteenth century, through those of professionally trained scholars of the late-twentieth century, including Tern himself. Written in 1982. 291. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. La historia econmica y social sobre la poca colonial ecuatoriana: un balance de la produccin historiogrfica en los ltimos 25 aos, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 5 (II sem. 1993/I sem. 1994), 29-52. An interesting but far from complete survey of studies of the 1970s, 1980s, and the early 1990s on the colonial period. Important as an indicator of what the new historians believe to have been the most important developments during the two and a half decades in question. 292. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Un libro y un hombre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 174-185. A detailed sketch of the life of Francisco X. Aguirre and an appreciation of his posthumously published Bosquejo histrico de la Repblica del Ecuador (item 529). 293. Uhle, Max. El desarrollo de la prehistoria ecuatoriana en los primeros cien aos de la repblica, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 1-22. Still a useful survey of the state of study of the prehispanic period as of 1930. Especially interesting is Uhles critique of the then virtually sacrosanct Gonzlez Surez. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1966), vol. 1, p. 202-217; and in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 9 (abr. 1986), 211-250. See also item 1259. 294. Urigen, Jaime Idrovo. Panorama histrico de la arqueologa ecuatoriana, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 8 (1989), 9-107. A diachronic review of the development of Ecuadorian archaeology from the pre-1878 contributions of foreign scholars through the institutional studies of the 1970s and 1980s. Eighteen seventy-eight was a benchmark year because of the publication of Federico Gonzlez Surezs Estudio histrico sobre los Caaris (item 895), la primera obra de arqueologa ecuatoriana. 295. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Breve historia de la ciencia geogrfica ecuatoriana, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 14/16:30/32 (abr. 1967), 16-62. Also a diachronic review, but of foreign and national geographic studies of the country. Includes useful bibliographic data. 296. Viteri Gamboa, Julio. 3 voluntades y una finalidad. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1971. 51 p. Assesses the contributions of Emilio Estrada, Betty Meggers, and Clifford Evans to the

archaeology of Ecuador. 297. Zapater, Irving Ivn. La revolucin juliana a travs del ojo crtico de Oscar Efrn Reyes: (apuntes preliminares para una crtica de Los ltimos siete aos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 71:151/152 (ene./dic. 1988), 291-302. A critical review of item 2572.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

AYUDAS DE INVESTIGACION

This section consists primarily of guides to and studies of archives, libraries, museums, and private collections in Ecuador and repositories located elsewhere in the world that have materials on Ecuador. By the 1980s, archival research in Ecuador had become somewhat more feasible and practical than it was previously. As of the late twentieth century, historical archives were usually open to the public, maintained more or less regular albeit limited hours, and had helpful, sometimes even knowledgeable, directors and staff. Furthermore, guides had been published to many of the repositories, and in some cases, also inventories, at least of some of fondos. Some of the more important ecclesiastical archives, most notably of Cuenca, had finally opened their doors to qualified researchers, and guides to their holdings had began to appear too (e.g., items 303 and 305). Full time personnel were and probably still are not always assigned to church repositories, however. When it comes to administrative archives, little had changed. Some like the Archivo y Biblioteca de la Funcin Legislativa, were and presumably still are usually open and easy enough to use. Some undoubtedly remain closed. A few like the Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores had established and organized historical archives. Access to the majority of administrative archives probably remains a question of personal contacts and contingent upon the good will of whoever is in charge of the repository. Another important development of the late-twentieth century was the acquisition of major private collections, such as those of Carlos Manuel Larrea and Jacinto Jijn y Caamao, by the Banco Central del Ecuador, and the preparation of guides thereto (see, for example, items 308 and 309). Insofar as the Archivos Histricos of the Banco Central are concerned, however, their status had become problematic. Established together with Centros de Investigacin y Cultura in every provincial branch of the bank as well as in the capital in the 1970s and 1980s --consolidating many local repositories, especially notarial archives--the majority of the Archivos Histricos and Centros de Investigacin y Cultura were closed in the 1990s. It is not known if this will turn out to be temporary, or whether their manuscript and library holdings will be transferred to the Centros de Investigacin y Cultura of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca. Notwithstanding the badly needed and therefore more than welcome specialized guides that appeared in the 1980s and 1990s, a detailed as well as comprehensive vade

mecum of the administrative, ecclesiastical, and historical archives of the country at large was still and may still be lacking. (A comprehensive survey of the whereabouts and status of private collections such as those of the deceased Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn or the also late Pedro Robles y Chambers did not exist either.) But the researcher could obtain a good idea of the repositories to which he/she should turn and a sense, if not a delineation, of their contents through the Research Guide to Andean History (item 412), Grecia Vasco de Escuderos Los archivos quiteos (item 435), her Directorio ecuatoriano de archivos (item 436), and Christian Vogels Los archivos coloniales del Ecuador (item 440). Not surprisingly many Colombian and Peruvian as well as Spanish archives contain materials of importance to the reconstruction of the history of Ecuador. For a comprehensive guide to guides thereof, as of the mid 1990s, see Sylvia L. Hilton and Ignacio Gonzlez Casasnovass generally reliable but not altogether accurate Fuentes manuscritas para la historia de Iberoamrica: guas de instrumentos de investigacin (Madrid: Fundacin Mapfre Amrica; Instituto Histrica Tavera, 1995).

298. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Algo sobre bibliografa azuaya, Revista, Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo del Azuay, 3:4 (ago. 1951), 201-232. Primarily a guide to manuscript sources of the colonial, independence, and early national periods, including some materials in private hands. 299. Alcina Franch, Jos; and Remedios de la Pea. Textos para la etnohistoria de Esmeraldas. Madrid: Departamento de Antropologa y Etnologa de Amrica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1974. 99 leaves. 300. Alvarez Mantilla, Mauro; and Irving Ivn Zapater. Peridicos ecuatorianos en la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 309-327. 301. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Cedulario del Monasterio de Conceptas de Ntra. Sra. de las Nieves de la ciudad de Loja, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 10 (1990), 179-191. Abstracts in chronological order the volume in the Archives of the Conceptas of Loja that brings together albeit in disparate order the documents relating to the crown grant of 800 ducats per year for the sustenance of the nuns in their poverty. The earliest manuscript apparently dates from 1616, and the latest from 1794. 302. Aparicio, Mnica; and Alfonso Ortiz Crespo. Diagnstico de museos del Ecuador. Quito: Asociacin Ecuatoriana de Museos, 1982. 163, 33, 37 p. 303. Archivo de la Curia Arquidiocesana de Cuenca. Catlogo del Archivo de la Curia Arquidiocesana de Cuenca, volumen preparado por el Centro de Investigacin y Cultura con la participacin de Martha Maldonado Samaniego y de Lucia Villavicencio de Burbano. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989-<1990>. <2> vol. The ACA/C is an exceptionally important repository. It also includes materials, especially from the colonial, independence, and early national periods, for what are now

the Dioceses of Azogues and Loja and the Archdioceses of Guayaquil inasmuch as not all appropriate documents were transferred from Cuenca to Guayaquil upon the establishment of the Diocese of Guayaquil in 1838. The same holds true for the Archivo del Cabildo Eclesistico de Cuenca (see item 305). Hopefully the catalog of the ACA/C will some day be continued. Contents: vol. 1, Diezmos y economa; vol. 2, Juicios, inventarios, testamentos. 304. Archivo de Pedro Robles Chambers, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:1 (mar. 1983), 12-36. Publishes Robles y Chamberss fichero. See items 403 and 344 (in that order) for parts two and three. 305. Archivo del Cabildo Eclesistico de Cuenca. Catlogo del Archivo del Cabildo Eclesistico de Cuenca, volumen preparado por el Centro de Investigacin y Cultura del Banco Central del Ecuador, Sucursal en Cuenca, con la colaboracin del Dr. Juan Chacn Z. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986. xvii, 324 p. 306. Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Estructura agraria de la sierra centro-norte, 1830-1930, Carlos Marchn Romero, Bruno Andrade Andrade, Eduardo Guevara Valencia. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984-1986. 4 v. Vols. 1-3 consist of indexes of records of rural properties in the Provinces of Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, and Chimborazo. Organized estate by estate and chronologically. Vol. 4 is subtitled Conformacin orgnica de las familias terratenientes and includes bibliographical references and indexes for the set. A fifth vol., tentatively entitled Progreso y tradicin: un siglo de desarrollo agropecuario y econmico de la sierra norcentral (1820-1933) in which Marchn is supposed to interpret the sources and offer a detailed study of the agrarian history of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, has apparently been ready since 1990, but as of the late 1990s, had not been published. Almost all of the original records, formerly scattered in various notaries and administrative archives, are apparently now housed in one or more branches of the Archivo Histrico del Banco Central. 307. Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Fondo Banco Central, volumen preparado por Mauro Alvarez Mantilla. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1985-1986. 2 v. (xxiii, 319, xi, 402 p.) (Catlogos del Archivo Histrico; 9-10) Vol. 2 prepared by Mauro Alvarez Mantilla and Germn Solano de la Sala Veintemilla. Contents: vol. 1, Circulares postales del Departamento de Cambios, 1950-1965; vol. 2, Circulares postales del Departamento de Cambios, 1966-1984. 308. Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Fondo Jijn y Caamao, preparado por Milton Luna Tamayo y Patricio Ordez Chiriboga, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983-1987. 3 v. (ix, 308, x, 302, xi, 414 p.) (Catlogos del Archivo Histrico; 2, 5, 7) Vol. 3 prepared by Milton Luna Tamayo, Patricio Ordez Chiriboga, and Ftima Ponce Estupin. The former collection of Jacinto Jijn y Caamao is incredibly rich. It

consists of at least twenty-one distinct series. These three volumes describe only the first series, Documentos miscelneos, consisting of approximately 13,000 manuscripts, from 1543 through 1914. Well indexed. See also item 437. 309. Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Fondo Neptal Bonifaz, preparado por Luca Surez Pasquel, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 19831984. 2 v. (315, 323 p.) (Catlogos del Archivo Histrico; 1, 4) Catalogs the private papers of one of the more important members of the traditional elite and one of the founders of the Banco Central. Vol. 2 includes a guide to the records--dating from as early as 1606--of Bonifazs estate, the Hacienda Guachal. Indexed. 310. Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Fondo Notaras de Ambato, preparado por Mara Teresa Larrea, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 19841987. 2 v. (x, 310, 383 p.) (Catlogos del Archivo Histrico; 3, 6) The Fondo Notaras de Ambato consists of registers (protocolos) from 1749-1900 and litigation (juicios) from 1604-1939. Indexed. 310a. Archivo Histrico del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Catlogos del Archivo Histrico del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1996. 3 v. This important repository contains materials from the colonial and independence periods (from 1692-1821) as well as from the 1822 onward. 311. Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito, Ecuador). Gua del Archivo Nacional de Historia. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 219 p. 312. Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito, Ecuador). Gua de los fondos documentales del Archivo Nacional del Ecuador. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Archivos, 1994. 2 v. (474, 506 p.) As of July 1997, the most up-to-date as well as complete check list of the holdings of the ANH/Q. Other useful guides are items 311, 323, 347. 313. Archivo Secreto Vaticano, investigacin, seleccin y notas, Francisco Miranada Ribadeneira. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 3 v. (Catlogos del Archivo Histrico; 12-14) Covers the years 1823-1903. 314. Arroyo del Ro, Carlos Alberto. El Instituto Cultural Ecuatoriano: su fundacin e inauguracin. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1943. 42 p. 315. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Gua de la documentacin diplomtica britnica sobre Ecuador: elaborada a base de las referencias existentes en los archivos del Foreign Office, Public Record Office de Londres. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1986. 85 p. 316. Barrera, Isaac J. El nmero 100 del Boletn de la Academia de Historia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 131-146. An overview of the first 53 years of the Academy and its labors and of the contributions

of its members. See also Jos Mara Vargass Fundacin de la Sociedad de Estudios Histricos Americanos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 67:143/144 (ene.-dic. 1984), 6-17. 317. Barrera, Isaac J.; and Carlos Manuel Larrea. El Archivo Luis Felipe Borja Prez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:86 (jul./dic. 1955), 249-255; 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 106-108; 38:92 (jul./dic. 1958), 229-234. Lists manuscripts, including but not limited to family papers, donated by Sofia Borja del Alczar to the Academia Nacional de Historia. The documents span the years 16421896. 318. Barrera B., Jaime. Obras y documentos antiguos existentes en la Bibliotoeca de la Universidad Central, Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 57:297 (jul./sept. 1936), 471-526. 319. Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Cincuentenario de la Biblioteca y Museo Ecuatorianos Aurelio Espinosa Plit, 1929-1979. Quito: La Biblioteca, 1980. 140 p. 320. Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador. Exposicin del periodismo ecuatoriano: contribucin de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1941. 119 p. Sntesis de la Hemeroteca de la Biblioteca Nacional. 321. Las Bibliotecas en Cuenca, Antonio Lloret Bastidas [et al.], Tres de noviembre, 32:147 (ene./abr. 1987), 25-34, 44-125. 322. Bognoli, Jos Clemente. La Biblioteca Municipal: antecedentes histricos y su legislacin municipal moderna. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1965. 60 p. 323. Bonnett Velez, Diana. La Seccin Indgenas del Archivo Histrico de Quito, siglos XVI-XVIII: documentos, 1 ed. Quito: FLACSO: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 100 p. A guide to materials in the Indgenas section of the Archivo Nacional de Historia. 323a. Botasso, Juan. Archivo Histrico de las Misiones Salesianas: catlogo. Quito: Procura de las Misiones Salesianas, 1979. 27 p. 324. Buys, Josef E.; and Jorge G. Marcos. Centro de Estudios Arqueolgicos y Antropolgicos del Litoral, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Guayaquil: Proyecto Regional de Patrimonio Cultural y Desarrollo PNUD/UNESCO, 1985. 19 p. 325. Caillavet, Chantal. Les archives quatoriennes, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 171-175. An introduction to public archives, especially historical, and private collections of Quito. 326. Caillavet, Chantal. Fuentes para la historia andina: los archivos privados indgenas de la zona de Saraguro, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985),

87-90. Reports the results of a survey of private papers held by indigenous families of Saraguro. The survey was conducted by members of the communities of Lagunas, San Lucas, and Tenta. The two most important points that Caillavet makes are: 1) archivos privados familiares exist in the lower as well as in the upper sectors; and 2) that documentacin indgena has been virtually ignored in Ecuador. 327. Caillavet, Chantal. Fuentes y problemtica de la historia colonial de Loja y su provincia, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr.1983), 355-370. A cogent introduction to archival sources in Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Spain for the reconstruction of the history of Loja and its province. 328. Carrin, Fernando. Centros de investigacin y bibliotecas: directorio ecuatoriano, 1 ed. Quito: CIUDAD-CONUEP, 1988. 306 p. A comprehensive directory of research centers and libraries throughout the country. 329. Cartas de cabildos hispanoamericanos: Audiencia de Quito (siglos XVI-XIX), edicin e introduccin Javier Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Montserrat Fernndez Martnez, Agueda Rivera Garrido. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1991. xx, 506 p. A calendar of letters and accompanying documents from town councils of Spanish towns and Indians pueblos in the Audiencia de Quito fondo of the Archivo General de Indias (Seville). Well indexed. 330. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Indice general de los papeles de Pedro Franco Dvila: (volmenes I y II), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 6276. A calendar of transcriptions of papers of Franco Dvila deposited by Castillo in the Centro de Investigaciones Histricas de Guayaquil, the archives and library of which are now in the Archivo Histrico del Guayas. N.B. In some instances Castillos transcriptions may be the only extant versions inasmuch as some of the corresponding originals or coeval copies seen by him in Spain were destroyed during the Civil War. Far more of the manuscripts in question survived, however, than used to be thought: see Calatayuds biography of Franco Dvila (item 3086). 331. Clayton, Lawrence A. Documentos en el Archivo General de Indias para el estudio de la historia martima y comercial de Guayaquil en el siglo XVII, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:6 (dic. 1974), 64-82. 331a. Corts Alonso, Vicenta. Catlogo de mapas de Colombia. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1967. 337 p. A guide to the cartographic holdings of the Archivo Histrico Nacional in Bogot. The Archivo Histrico Nacional is also known as the Archivo General de la Nacin and the Archivo Nacional, apropos of a not insignificant point. Repositories are sometimes referred to by variant names. 332. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. El Archivo Histrico Municipal, Huellas (Cuenca), 5

(nov. 1987), 34-36. On the Historical Archives of the Municipality of Cuenca. 333. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. Nociones de paleografa y archivstica, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, p. 629-719. Delineates the origins of the Archivo Nacional de Historia in Quito and the Archivo Nacional de Historia: Seccin del Azuay in Cuenca. Not a complete or altogether reliable account of the early years of the ANH/SA, however. 334. Chaves, Alfredo. Indice general de las publicaciones que han aparecido en la Revista de la Jurdico Literaria [sic] desde su fundacin en 1902 hasta 1932, Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico-Literaria, 51:133 (ene./dic. 1953), 221-251. 335. Chaves, Alfredo. Trayectoria del Archivo Nacional de Historia: pasado y presente de sus actividades, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 4 (1956), 3-5. 336. Destruge, Camilo. Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil: apuntaciones histricas, desde su fundacin hasta la fecha, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:25 (mar. 1912), 8-13; 3:26 (abr. 1912), 17-28. On the early history of the Municipal Library of the port city. 337. Destruge, Camilo. La Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, Revista Municipal (Guayaquil), 1:6 (9 mar. 1926), 9-20. Updates item 336. 338. Directorio de organizaciones no gubernamentales dedicadas al desarrollo en el Ecuador. Quito: Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo; Fundacin Alternativas para el Desarrollo, 1992-. <1 v. (298 p.)>. A directory of NGOs. 339. Ecuador en la investigacin francesa, aos 80, realizado por Groupe de recherches sur lAmrique latine Toulouse-Perpignan [y] Centro de Estudios Documentarios sobre Amrica Latina, Universit de Toulouse-Le Mirail [GRAL/CEDOCAL-Universidad de Toulouse II-Le Mirail]. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 1 v. (not paginated) 340. Erazo Arias, Luis Abdn. Los 25 aos de la Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 160-186. Includes an index of contributors to the Revista (see items 498 and 518). 341. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El Archivo del Cabildo colonial de Guayaquil, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:1 (primer semestre 1972), 22-36. A detailed account of the antecedents, especially vicissitudes, of what is now the Archivo de la Secretara Municipal de Guayaquil. 342. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Documentacin indiana en el Archivo Histrico del

Guayas, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 5 (1980), 487-511. Includes lists of and seventeenth-century holdings, especially of notarial records and court proceedings, of the AHG. 343. Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO), Latin American Research Review, 12:2 (1977), 240-242. See also item 425. 344. Fichero Pedro Robles Chambers: tercera parte, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 27-38. See items 304 and 403 for parts one and two. 345. Freile Granizo, Juan. Los archivos ecuatorianos y la historia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1983), 288-296. 346. Freile Granizo, Juan. Los documentos y la investigacin histrica, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1986), 96-111. A somewhat rambling discourse on the history and state of archives in the country. Freile Granizo was director of the Archivo Nacional at the time. 347. Freile Granizo, Juan. Gua del Archivo Nacional de Historia. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1974. xi, 174 p. An excellent introduction to and survey of the holdings of the ANH/Q. Especially strong on the colonial period. 348. Freile Granizo, Juan. Lista parcial de documentacin guayaquilea en la Seccin Gobierno del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Quito, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:1 (primer semestre 1972), 9-13; 1:2 (dic. 1972), 25-32. 349. Fundacin de la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito, Mensaje, poca 3, 8/9 (1938), 154-160. 350. Gandara Enrquez, Marcos. Memorias de hombres de estado, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 71:151/152 (ene./dic. 1988), 75-145. Analyzes and describes the memoirs and other writings of presidents (from Juan Jos Flores through the fifth presidency of Velasco Ibarra) and some, but far from all, of their ideologues and other supporters. Ignores the more or less annual reports of the ministers of state, however, on which see items 360 and 361. 351. Grijalva de Dvila, Adriana. Gua de organismos culturales y de investigaciones en el Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1991. 415 p. An incomplete and poorly organized guide to cultural and research organizations. 352. Gua de museos y archivos, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 109112. A guide to museums and archives of Cuenca.

353. Gua del Fondo Mestizos del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 123-137. 354. Gua para investigadores del Ecuador, Instituto Geogrfico Militar. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1982. 23, 117 p. A guide to the activities, holdings, and publications of the Instituto Geogrfico Militar. 355. Guilln, Alejandro. El Centro de Poblacin: una experiencia en el Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Cuenca, Revista del IDIS, 19 (nov. 1988), 9-17. Outlines the history and activities of the Centro de Poblacin established in 1983. 356. Hamerly, Michael T. Archives of Cuenca, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 37:3 (Jan. 1981), 379-392. N.B. Revises and updates authors chapter on repositories in Cuenca in item 412. 357. Hamerly, Michael T. Archives of Guayaquil: Colonial and Nineteenth-Century Institutions and Administrative Archives, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of InterAmerican Cultural History, 38:3 (Jan. 1982), 379-391. 358. Hamerly, Michael T. Archives of Guayaquil: Ecclesiastical Entities and Archives, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 38:4 (Apr. 1982), 515-523. 359. Hamerly, Michael T. Archives of Guayaquil: Historical Archives and Private Collections, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 39:1 (July 1982), 107-116. Items 357-359 are comprehensive albeit inevitably dated surveys of archives of and private collections in the port city. 360. Hamerly, Michael T. Informes ministeriales y registros oficiales del siglo XIX como fuentes cuantitativas, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 6:11 (jun. 1977), 27-61. More comprehensive than the necessarily abridged English version (item 361). 361. Hamerly, Michael T. Quantifying the Nineteenth Century: The Ministry Reports and Gazettes of Ecuador as Quantitative Sources, Latin American Research Review, 13:2 (1978), 138-156. For a more comprehensive list of official newspapers see: Cecilia Ortiz, La prensa oficial (1830-1940), Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 257-262. 362. Hamerly, Michael T. Registros parroquiales e inventarios de iglesias del litoral, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 6:12 (dic. 1977), 25-69. Surveys parishes registers and coeval inventories of parishes churches in what are now the Archdiocese of Guayaquil and the Dioceses of Manab, Los Ros, and El Oro. 363. Heredia Herrera, Antonia. Organizacin y descripcin de los fondos de la Audiencia de Quito del Archivo General de Indias, Historiografa y bibliografa

americanistas, 21 (1977), 139-165. A useful guide to the Audiencia de Quito fondo of the Archivo General de Indias. 364. Ibarra, Hernn. Monografas y guas comerciales como fuentes de historia social y local, Revista andina, 4:7 (jul. 1986), 237-251. Discusses and exemplifies the importance of commemorative monographs and commercial directories as sources for local and social history. Unfortunately both are not only inadequately known for Ecuador but some of the hardest materials to come by. 365. Indice de documentos correspondientes a los aos 1741 [al 1753], Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 9:14/15 (ago. 1965), 8-179. Abstracts and indexes documents from 1741 through 1753 in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. 366. Indice de documentos correspondiente al ao de 1754 [etc.], Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 10:16 (jul. 1966), 71-212. Abstracts and indexes documents nos. 1845-2335 in the Archivo Nacional de Historia from 1754 through 1763. See also items 368-379, 407, and 408. 368. Indice de materias del tomo II de la Seccin Presidencia de Quito del Archivo Nacional de Historia, ARNAHIS, 12:18 (ago. 1970), 185-265. This and the following eleven indices are calendars of documents in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. See also items 365, 366, 407, and 408. 369. Indice-extracto de 444 cdulas reales del primer volumen concerniente a los aos de 1563 a 1612, contenidas en 28 ttulos segn sus diversas materias, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 13 (ago. 1964), 46-50. 370. Indice-extracto de los documentos correspondientes a los aos de 1715-1716 y 1717-1719, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 5:7/8 (ene./jun. 1959), 47-112. 371. Indice-extracto de los documentos del Archivo Nacional de Historia nos. 607 al 685, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 4:6 (ene./dic. 1956), 18-63. Covers the years 1713-1714. 372. Indice-extracto de los documentos nros. 468 a 606 desde 1700 1705 [i.e., 1712] del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 3:5 (ene./jul. 1954), 21-123. 373. Indice-extracto de los documentos nros. 751 al 775, correspondientes a los aos de 1720 a 1722: volumen 24, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 6:11 (dic. 1961), 68-96. 374. Indice-extracto de los documentos nros. 776 al 809, correspondiente al ao de 1723: volumen 25, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 6:11 (dic. 1961), 97-107. 375. Indice-extracto de los documentos nros. 810 al 1016, correspondientes a los aos de 1724 a 1733, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 7:12 (ago. 1963), 1359.

376. Indice-extracto de los documentos nros. 1017 al [1229], correspondientes a los aos 1734 a [1740], Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 13 (ago. 1964), 51-106. 377. Indices-extractos de los documentos nos. 1 248 del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Ecuador, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (ene./jun. 1950), 22176. Includes personal and place name indexes. 378. Indices-extractos de los documentos nos. 249 462, desde 1670 a 1699 del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 1:2 (jul./dic. 1950), 243-424. Includes personal and place name indexes. 379. Indices-extractos de los documentos nos. 463 467, desde 1696 1723, de Archivo Nacional de Historia, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./dic. 1951), 52-158. 380. Inventario de los volmenes conservados en el Archivo Histrico de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 16/17 (jun. 1972), 153-162. N.B. Many, if not the majority, of the materials now housed in the AH/BMG came from the Archivo de la Gobernacin del Guayas. 381. Juncosa, Jos Enrique. El V centenario desde el punto de vista indgena en Ecuador, SALALM and the Area Studies Community: Papers of the Thirty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials . . ., David Block editor (Albuquerque: SALALM Secretariat, 1994), p. 19-23. Reports on recent publications of indigenous organizations, especially those relating to the June 1990 uprising. 382. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Catlogo del Archivo General de la Orden Franciscana del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural, 1980. 330 p. (Coleccin archivos y bibliotecas; 1) A detailed, well organized guide to the colonial and national period holdings of the Franciscan Archives in Quito (AGOFE), previously a virtually unknown and ignored repository. Indexed. The AGOFE is country wide in its holdings. 383. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra; and Marcia Sigenza Crespo. Monasterio de las Conceptas de Cuenca: catlogo del archivo histrico. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1990. xvii, 344 p. A guide to the holdings of the second oldest religious order for women in Cuenca. 384. Lara, Daro. La historia del Ecuador vista por los diplomticos franceses, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 67-78. 385. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Catlogo documental sobre el 10 de agosto de 1809, del Museo Britnico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:90 (jul./dic. 1957), 269-276.

385a. Larrea, Gregorio Csar de. Fichero histrico. Quito: S.A.G., 1991. 180 p. (Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga; 44) Apparently a guide to sources from the colonial period that are to be found in private collections. 386. Lista de legajos manuscritos del Museo de Historia de la Ciudad de Quito, Museo Histrico, 1:1 (mayo 1949), 31-36. 387. Lista parcial de documentos que sobre el Ecuador se hallan en el Archivo Nacional de Bogot, Museo Histrico, 2:5 (mayo 1950), 193-208; 3:9 (mayo 1951), 130-157. Lists primary sources on the 10 de agosto. 388. Lovato, Mara Fernanda. Gua de centros de investigacin, Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 151-157. A useful directory of research centers, archives, and libraries in Quito. Lists their addresses, telephone numbers, and hours. 389. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. Museos y archivos de Cuenca, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 9-13. 390. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Peridicos publicados en Guayaquil, existentes en la Biblioteca Municipal: primera parte, 1822-1900, Revista municipal (Guayaquil), 8:15/17 (mar./mayo 1933), 23-24; 8:18 (jun. 1933), 2, 96. 391. Montalvo, Antonio. Registro bibliogrfico de la revista Amrica: nmeros 1-100, 1925-1950, Amrica (Quito), 26:101 (ene./jun. 1951), 7-82. 392. Montoto, Santiago. El proceso contra Jorge Juan y Antonio de Ulloa en Quito, 1737-1739, Anuario de estudios americanos, 5 (1948), 747-780. Regarding the research potential of said legajo in the Archivo General de Indias. 393. Mora Castro, Diego. Archivo Nacional de Historia: Seccin del Azuay, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 98-104. 394. Mora Castro, Diego. Fondos documentales del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1984. 20 p. 395. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. La Coleccin documental Bernardo Mendel y su importancia en la historiografa ecuatoriana, Suplemento de Anuario de estudios americanos, 46:1 (1989), 35-50. Describes the Mendel Collection in the Lilly Library (University of Indiana). This collection includes 23 legajos that used to be in the Archdiocesan Archives of Quito. Also published in: Memoria, MARKA, ao 2, no. 2 (nov. 1993), 151-168. 396. Norris, Robert E. La coleccin de peridicos guayaquileos en la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:2 (dic. 1972), 17-24.

397. Oleas Montalvo, Julio; and Bruno Andrade Andrade. Indices de debates econmicos del parlamento ecuatoriano, 1830-1950. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1985. xii, 479 p. (Fuentes para la historia econmica del Ecuador. Serie indices de documentacin; 1) 398. Ortiz Bilbao, Luis Alfonso. Indice general a la Coleccin Vacas Galindo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 241-258; 49:107 (ene./jun. 1966), 49-92; 50:109 (ene./jun. 1967), 81-116; 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 220252; 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 64-85; 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 209-239; 52:113 (ene./jun. 1969), 114-128; 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 256-277; 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 87-112; 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 367-395; 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 174-196; 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 135-143; 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 294-304; 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 177-192; 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 201-212; 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 150-165. The Vacas Galindo Collection, housed in the Dominican Convent in Quito, consists of early twentieth century transcriptions--mostly typewritten, but not always reliable--of Archivo General de Indias materials. See also item 433. 399. Pez Tern, Juan Fernando. Documentos relativos a la historia del Ecuador que se encuentran en la Biblioteca del Congreso de la Argentina, Museo Histrico, 30 (mar. 1958), 249-256. 400. Pattee, Richard. Libraries and Archives for Historical Research in Ecuador, Hispanic American Historical Review, 17:2 (May 1937), 231-237. Although much out-of-date as to the location and status of libraries and archives, still useful as a source of information as to their whereabouts, organization, staffing, and relative usefulness as of the mid 1930s. Interestingly enough, the best library for historical research at that time was the Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando, according to Pattee. Also published in Spanish as: Bibliotecas y archivos de investigacin en el Ecuador, Libros i bibliotecas, 1 (1939), 29-32. 401. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Gua para la historia de la cartografa ecuatoriana. Quito: Ministerio del Tesoro, 1948. 56 p. 402. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Mapas coloniales del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 23:62 (jul./dic. 1943), 165-187. 403. Pedro Robles Chambers fichero: segunda parte, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 21 (jun. 1986), 9-24. See items 304 and 344 for parts one and two. 403a. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Gua del Archivo Histrico de Lmites. Lima: Direccin de Proyectos, Sub-Proyecto de Archivo de Lmites y General, 1994. 47 p. Perus Archivo Histrico de Lmites should be consulted by anyone endeavoring to add new data or fresh perspective to the boundary dispute between Ecuador and Peru. 404. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Los escribanos en la colonia, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 53/54 (jul./dic. 1983), 175-182.

405. Porras Barrenechea, Ral. Fuentes histricas peruanas: (apuntes de un curso universitario). Lima: Instituto Ral Porras Barrenechea, 1963. 601 p. An exceptionally important vade mecum. In the section on the colonial period, for example, Porras Barrenechea describes and discourses on published collections of primary sources and repositories, chronicles, and modern (i.e., post-colonial period) historians of the viceroyalty, not just of Peru proper. 406. Porras G., Pedro. I. Manuscritos ecuatorianos en la Biblioteca Lilly de la Universidad de Indiana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 171-173. The relevance of the Lilly Library as a research repository cannot be over emphasized. It includes numerous manuscripts and imprints of the colonial, independence, and early national periods, Ecuadorian examples of which Porras G. here within provides. 407. Presidencia de Quito: indice de materias [del tomo I], ARNAHIS, 11:17 (ago. 1968), 182-219. 408. Presidencia de Quito: indice de materias [del tomo III], ARNAHIS, 13:19 (mar. 1973), 208-222. Items 407-408 are additional calendars of documents in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. They continue items 365, 366 and 368-379. 408a. Proao. Luis Octavio. Inventario del Convento Mximo de la Merced de Quito, 1535-1860, in Proaos, Miscelnea histrica (item 5156), vol. 1, p. 195-251. 409. Quintero, Rafael. Escuela de Sociologa y Ciencias Polticas: la poltica acadmica de la Direccin, 1974-1976, Latin American Research Review, 13:2 (1978), 236-242. For the full text see Informe de labores del Director de la Escuela en el bienio 1.9741.976, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:2 (1977), 127-145. The Escuela de Sociologa y Ciencias Polticas was and presumably still is a division of the Universidad Central. 410. Reig Satorres, Jos. Complemento de documentacin ecuatoriana sobre derecho indiano, in: Congreso del Instituto Internacional de Historia del Derecho Indiano (3rd: Madrid: 1972). Actas y estudios (Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estudios Jurdicos, 1973), p. 1079-1094. Supplements item 410. 411. Reig Satorres, Jos. Documentacin ecuatoriana sobre derecho indiano, Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 10-11 (dic. 1970), 59-89. A guide to published and unpublished sources for the study of institutions in the colonial period. Supplemented by item 410. 412. Research Guide to Andean History: Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, contributing editors, Judith R. and Peter Bakewell [et al.], coordinating editor, John J. TePaske. Durham: Duke University Press, 1981. xiii, 346 p.

Although somewhat out-of-date, still useful. N.B. Estrada Ycazas and Hamerlys chapters on repositories in Guayaquil and Cuenca were superseded by items 356-359. Partial contents: Jaime E. Rodrguez O., Introduction (p. 136-137); Adam Szszdi, Comments on the Historiography of Ecuadors Pre-Independence Period (p. 138-145); Jaime E. Rodrguez O., Research in the National Period (p. 146-150); Linda A. Rodrguez, The Libraries and Archives of Quito (p. 151-163); Juan Freile Granizo, The Archivo Nacional de Historia (p. 164-169); Joedd Price, The Archivo Nacional de Relaciones Exteriores del Ecuador and the Biblioteca General del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores (p. 170-171); Luis A. Rodrguez S., The Military Archives of Ecuador (p. 172-174); Michael T. Hamerly, The Archives and Libraries of Cuenca (p. 175-181); Julio Estrada Ycaza, The Archives and Libraries of Guayaquil (p. 182-196); Rosemary D.F. Bromley, The Provincial Archives and Libraries of Ecuador (p. 197204). For a partial update on the status of repositories in the capital see Federica Morellis Doing Archival Research in Quito: A Guide to Archives and Libraries, Itinerario, 18:2 (1994), 143-147. 413. Riao, Jos Camilo. Inventario del Archivo del historiador Jos Manuel Restrepo, Archivos (Bogot), 1:1 (ene./jun. 1967), 179-199. It will be recalled that Restrepo (1781-1863) took advantage of his ministerial position to obtain originals and copies of official sources in bulk from throughout what are now Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador in order to prepare his monumental Historia de la revolucin de la Repblica de Colombia (item 1833). Fortunately his descendants have maintained and allow access to his collection. 414. Rodrguez O., Jaime. E. New Research Opportunities in Ecuador, Latin American Research Review, 8:2 (1973), 95-100. Superseded by Rodrguezs introduction to the section on Ecuador in item 412. 414a. Roggiero, Roberto. Ecuador, in: Documentos de la primera Reunin Iberoamericana para la Recuperacin y Conservacin de Archivos y Documentacin de los Trabajadores y Movimientos Sociales (Buenos Aires, 13/15 abril 1992), edicin preparada por Aurelio Martn Njera y Agustn Garrigs Fernndez (Madrid: Edit. Pablo Iglesias, 1992), p. 233-241. 415. Rolando, Carlos A. Anales de la Universidad de Quito, Libros i bibliotecas, 1:1 (mar. 1939), 2-5; 1:2 (jun. 1939), 1-3; 1:4 (dic. 1939), 2-6. 416. Rolando, Carlos A. Biblioteca del Archivo del Poder Legislativo, Libros i bibliotecas, 1:2 (jun. 1939), 46-48. Included here for the same of completeness and to demonstrate that the importance of this major repository has long been known. Superseded by Cecilia Durn C.s El Archivo-Biblioteca de la Funcin Legislativa: visin general del fondo, Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 189-256. 417. Rolando, Carlos A. El Centro de Investigaciones Histricas de Guayaquil: breve crnica de 20 aos de existencia (1930-1950), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones

Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 3-8. 418. Rolando, Carlos A. Libros, archivos i bibliotecas nacionales: (conferencia). Guayaquil: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1944. 17 p. 419. Rolando, Carlos A. Pseudnimos en la prensa del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 3:3 (1933), 208-231. Corrects and updates list of pseudonyms used by Ecuadorian journalists. See also item 173 and 175. 420. Rolando, Carlos A. XXV anniversario de la fundacin de la Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales Carlos A. Rolando, 1913-1938. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1938. 104 p. 421. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. El indice del Archivo de la antigua Provincia de Quito de la Compaa de Jess, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 7:12 (ago. 1963), 60-110; 8:13 (ago. 1964), 107-111; 9:14/15 (ago. 1965), 180-191. 422. Salgado, Cristbal. Tesis que se conservan en el Archivo de la Secretara de la Universidad Central para la consulta de los alumnos, Revista de derecho y ciencias sociales, 1:2 (mayo 1933), 98-106. Lists theses presented between 1905 and early 1933. 423. Silva, Rafael Euclides. El Archivo Nacional de Historia: institucin cultural ecuatoriana, Anales del Archivo Nacional y Museo Unico, 2 poca, 1(1939), 7-19. 424. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Labor paleogrfica de restauracin y descifracin de las actas del Cabildo colonial de Santiago de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 174-182. Describes his work as transcriber of the Actas del Cabildo colonial de Guayaquil (item 6789), and the state of the Archivo de la Secretara Municipal de Guayaquil as of the early 1950s. 425. Social Science Centers in Quito, Latin American Research Review, 14:2 (1979), 208-212. An introduction to the Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales (CEPLAES), the Fundacin de Investigacin y Asesora para el Desarrollo (FIAD), the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO)--on which see also item 343--and the Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones (ILDIS). 426. Sols Chiriboga, Mara Cristina. El Fondo Escribanas Pblicas del Cantn Quito: Seccin Protocolos, del Archivo Nacional, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1989), 105-125. 427. Tern, Enrique. Fundacin de la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito, Mensaje (Quito), 8/9 (1938), 154-160. 428. Torres Lanzas, Pedro. Relacin descriptiva de los mapas, planos, etc. de las antiguas Audiencias de Panam, Santa F y Quito existentes en el Archivo General de Indias. Madrid: Tip. de la Revista de Arch., Bib. y Museos, 1906. 185 p.

Reprinted as: Catlogo de mapas y planos: Audiencias de Panam, Santa F y Quito. Madrid: Ministerio de Cultura, Direccin General de Bellas Artes y Archivos, 1985. 429. Ubidia Rubio, Luis Enrique. Resumen general de los documentos que se refieren a la poca colonial de la Repblica del Ecuador, tomados del catlogo general del Archivo Central, anexo a la Universidad del Cauca, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 47:103 (ene./jun. 1964), 87-107; 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 260-273; 48:105 (ene./jun. 1965), 129-137; 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 281-285; 49:107 (ene./jun. 1966), 116-132; 49:108 (jul./dic. 1966), 263-266. Title varies: Indice de documentos en la Universidad del Cauca. Abstracts manuscript holdings, vol. by vol, in the Archivo Central del Cauca, housed in the University of Cauca, relating to the Audiencia of Quito. 430. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas. Catlogo de tesis de grado de la Facultad de Economa 1950-1984. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1985. 250 p. 431. Valdospinos Rubio, Marcelo. El IOA: cultura y crisis. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1990. 39 p. On the Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa. 432. Vargas, Jos Mara. Fuentes documentales para la historia del Ecuador, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 9:14/15 (ago. 1965), 3-7. 433. Vargas, Jos Mara. Misiones ecuatorianas en archivos europeos. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1956. 192 p. Includes a guide to the Vacas Galindo Collection. See also item 398. 434. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben. Manual de estudios peruanistas. Lima: Ediciones Libr. Studium, 1951. 346 p. Included here because Vargas Ugarte took in greater Peru and therefore the literature on the former viceroyalty, including the Presidency of Quito during most of the colonial period. 435. Vasco de Escudero, Grecia. Los archivos quiteos. Quito: Seccin Ecuatoriana del Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1977. 178 p. A detailed guide to ecclesiastical, administrative, and historical archives of the capital. 436. Vasco de Escudero, Grecia. Directorio ecuatoriano de archivos. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1979. 163 p. A country wide directory of ecclesiastical, administrative, and historical archives. 437. Villacs V., Eduardo. Los indices del Archivo Jacinto Jijn y Caamao, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 311-338; 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 286-346. 438. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Cartografa histrica del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 22:39 (1972), 30-76. A calendar of maps of Ecuador and its component regions from the sixteenth century

through the 1960s. 439. Villavicencio de Burbano, Luca. Gua de documentos para el estudio de la historia econmica de Cuenca y su regin. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1986. 91 p. 440. Vogel, Christian. Los archivos coloniales del Ecuador, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 189-227. Reprint; originally published in El Comercio (Quito) in the Aug. 8, 15, 22, and 29, 1965 issues. The first comprehensive introduction to archives of the country at large, including ecclesiastical, municipal, and provincial, housing materials from and on the colonial period. Although now somewhat out-of-date, still very much worth consulting. 441. Whitten, Dorothea S.; and Norman E. Whitten, Jr. Art, Knowledge, and Health: Development and Assessment of a Collaborative, Auto-Financed Organization in Eastern Ecuador. Cambridge, Mass.: Cultural Survival, Inc.; Urbana, Ill.: Sacha Runa Research Foundation, 1985. 126 p. A history of the Sacha Runa Research Foundation.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

REVISTAS

This section lists every historical and related journal for which I was able to find or to establish an acceptable bibliographic description (that is to say, a description that includes enumeration, place of publication, and date of initial, and also, when known, of terminal publication. The number of issues or volumes, again when know, in the case of defunct titles is also specified.) N.B. Journals that are primarily bibliographic or statistical in coverage are entered under Bibliografas or Estadstica for the most part. I have not indicated frequency of publication except in a few instances. This is because the majority of Ecuadorian periodicals, especially scholarly journals, appear sporadically, even those that claim to be issued regularly. Indicative of this are the total numbers of issues (not titles) of Ecuadorian periodicals registered by Edgar Freire Rubio in vol. 3 of his Desde el mostrador del librero (item 80): 254 for 1992; 267 for 1993; 258 for 1994; and 242 for 1995. As of the late 1990s, bibliographic control over Ecuadorian serials remained to be achieved. The histories of some periodicals, annuals, and irregular serials were known, but the particulars of far too many titles had, and probably still have, yet to be established. This is true whether one consults North American, European, or Ecuadorian records. Neither the Union List of Serials in Libraries of the United States and Canada, 3rd ed. (New York: H.W. Wilson, 1965) and its several supplements, nor the ongoing Ulrichs International Periodicals Directory (New York: Bowker, 1965-) provide comprehensive coverage of Ecuadorian serials. In part this is because North American and European libraries have not made a concerted effort to collect and to describe Ecuadorian periodicals, annuals, and irregular serials. Insofar as Ecuador is concerned, this section supersedes my Historical and Related Journals of Spanish South America: a Current and Retrospective Checklist, Handbook of Latin American Studies, 36 (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1974), 194-200. Only one North American librarian other than myself had attempted to establish control over Ecuadorian serials, the late Rosa Quintero Mesa, in vol. 8 of her indispensable Latin American Serial Documents (item 138). When it comes to serials, Ecuadorian bibliographies suffer from the same defect as their North American and European counterparts, incomplete coverage. At least one Ecuadorian scholar, however, recognized the need for a comprehensive bibliography of

serials. In his classic Indice bibliogrfico de las revistas de la Biblioteca Jaramillo de Escritos Nacionales (item 109), Miguel Angel Jaramillo gave us a paradigm of bibliographic description of periodicals as art and as science, an issue by issue accounting and description thereof. Unfortunately, no one has taken up where Jaramillo left off, at least not as of the late 1990s. Freire Rubio, however, provides a running account of publicaciones peridicas in his ongoing Desde el mostrador del librero (item 80). I am aware of other historical and related periodicals that should have been listed here (e.g., Nariz del diablo). But not yet having been able to determine to my satisfaction the particulars of the serials in question, I have not included them. The economic crisis of the 1980s and 1990s took its toll. A number of major serials published or sponsored by the Banco Central ceased to be published or appeared with considerable delay. As of the late 1990s, it was not know whether the demises of Boletn del Archivo Histrico (item 457), Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana (item 483), Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana (item 484), Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas (item 509), and Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica (item 520) were temporary or permanent. At least the Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica reappeared for 1994 and 1995, after an hiatus of three years. Yet another periodical that apparently disappeared in the early 1990s was the annual Ecuador indgena (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1987-1992). It apparently appeared in a total of six issues, none of which was numbered, and each one of which had a different subtitle and an edition statement (1 ed.). Understandably, therefore, all six have been treated as discrete, unrelated items by North American libraries. Ecuador indgena also eluded me as a periodical, until too late to include it in its proper place. The first issue appears to have been Ecuador indgena: simbolismo y cotidianidad (item 7941); the second, Ecuador indgena: estudios arqueolgicos y etnogrficos de la sierra norte (item 827); the third, Ecuador indgena: aspectos histricos y actuales de la cultura andina (item 571); the fourth, Ecuador indgena: antropologa y relaciones intertnicas (item 7940); the fifth, Ecuador indgena: sincretismo e identidad en las culturas nativas de la sierra norte (item 8026); and the sixth, Ecuador indgena: espiritualidad, msica y artesana. That we are dealing with a periodical, however, is evident from the following statements in the Presentacin of the sixth issue: En este nmero de Ecuador Indgena, presentamos algunos artculos ... and Con ocasin del V Centenario, revistas como stas ponen de manifiesto ... (p. 7). It also turns out that we may be dealing with monographic or special issues of Sarance (item 521). At least this is the case insofar as the sixth issue of Ecuador indgena and the sixteenth number of Sarance are concerned. The contents of the sixth and apparently the final issue are: Roco Vaca Bucheli, El problema del tiempo y el espacio en el studio de las culturas populares andinas (p. 1130); Barbara Y. Butler, Espiritualidad y uso del alcohol entre la gente otavalea (p. 3164); Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros, El trabajo con fibra de cabuya en la Provincia de Imbabura (p. 65-83); Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, Clasificacin y tipologa de la copla (p. 101-130); Peter Banning, El sanjuanito o sanjun en Otavalo: anlisis de

caso (p. 131-150); Clara Len Vinueza, Juegos infantiles de tradicin oral en el rea urbana de Otavalo (p. 151-172); A. Jorge Arellano, Asentamientos arqueolgicos tardos del perodo de integracin en la Cuenca del Ro Chumbo, Ecuador (p. 173204). 442. Amrica. Ao 1, no. 1 (1925)-. Quito: Grupo Amrica, 1925-. Here within cited as: Amrica (Quito). Apparently defunct. For a partial guide to Amricas contents see item 391. 443. Amrica libre, director, Carlos Manuel Noboa. Guayaquil: Prensa Ecuatoriana, 1920-1934. 3 v. (384, lxi p.; 500 p.; 610 p.) An exceptionally important irregular. Vol. 1 commemorated the 9 de octubre with a number of interesting articles on the port city as it had been in 1820 and as it had become by 1920. Vol. 2 and 3, which appeared in 1922 and 1934, respectively, are crammed with considerable data on the country at large in the 1920s and early 1930s. All three folio size vols., moreover, are profusely illustrated. 444. Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. T. 1, no. 1 (mar. 1883)-. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1883-. The titles varies. Originally entitled: Anales de la Universidad de Quito. Cumulative indexes exist for 1883-1934 and 1935-1964: Indice general de los Anales de la Universidad Central (Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1935); and Ruth Matilde Altamirano Silva, Indice analtico de los Anales de la Universidad Central, 1935-1964 (Medelln: Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecologa, 1965). 445. Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca. T. 1, no. 1 (oct. 1940)-. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1940-. A subject index exists for 1940-1982: Michurn Velez Valarezo, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca: indice anltico. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Biblioteca General Juan Bautista Vzquez, 1982. 129 p. Continues: Revista de la Universidad de Cuenca (item 506). 446. Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico. Epoca 2, t. 1 (1939). Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1939. 1 v. (320 p.) Continued: Revista del Archivo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito (item 508). 447. Antropologa: cuadernos de investigacin. No. 1 (jun. 1983)-. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Departamento de Antropologa, Centro de Investigacin, Documentacin y Difusin de Antropologa (CIDDA), 1983-. 448. Antropologa ecuatoriana. No. 1 (1978)-. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Seccin Acadmica de Antropologa y Arqueologa, 1978-. 449. Anuario de la Fundacin Los Andes de Estudios Sociales. Ao 1, no. 1 (jul. 1990)-. Quito: Fundacin Los Andes de Estudios Sociales, 1990-. 450. Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano (Guayaquil). 1 (1970)-. Guayaquil:

Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, Seccin de Investigaciones Histrico Jurdicas, 1970-<1985>. <9> v. This serial is as much a series as an annual. The monographic issues are entered separately here within (e.g., item 529). Moribund, if not defunct. 451. Boletn arqueolgico. No. 1 (feb. 1990)-. Guayaquil: Arquelogos Asociados (ARAS), 1990-. 452. Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales: rgano de las Secciones Cientficas de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Vol. 1, no. 1 (mayo 1947)-. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947-. 453. Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia. Vol. 1, no. 1/2 (jul. 1920)-. Quito: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1920-. The frequency varies: a semiannual during most of its existence; a de facto annual since 60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977). Suspended 1932-1935. Several years late in appearing during the 1980s and 1990s. Vols. 46 and 47 were published in two, continuously paginated issues (i.e., vol. 46:103 [ene./jun. 1964] and vol. 47:104 [jul./dic. 1964]), apparently by mistake. There are two cumulative indexes: Indice del Boletn de la Sociedad de Estudios Histricos Americanos 1918-1920 y de la Academia Nacional de Historia 1920-1949 (Quito: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1950); and Robert E. Norris, Indice del Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos (1918-1920) y del Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (1920-1970) (Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1973). Norriss Indice originally appeared in: Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:3 (jun. 1973), 27-124; unfortunately it is not altogether reliable. Continues: Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos (item 456). 454. Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil. T. 1 (mar. 1910)-? Guayaquil: Biblioteca Municipal, 1910-? Long since defunct. Known to have been suspended in 1918, but not for how long. An important serial inasmuch as it published many of the historical studies of Camilo Destruge, director of the Municipal Library for many years, but one whose history remains to be constructed. 455. Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador. Vol. 1, no. 1 (ago. 1918)-vol. 2, no. 9 (ene. 1919); nueva ser., no. 1 (oct. 1920)-no. 15 (dic. 1921); t. 1, no. 1 (dic. 1925)-v. 2, no. 12 (oct. 1927). Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1918-1927. 39 (?) nos. Continued by: Mensaje de la Biblioteca Nacional (item 482). 456. Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos. T. 1, no. 1 (jun. 1918)-t. 4, no. 12 (feb. 1920). Quito: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1918-1920. 4 v. in 12 issues. Reprinted in photofacsimile: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1986-1988. For indexes to this title see item 453.

Continued by: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (item 453). 457. Boletn del Archivo Histrico. No. 1 (sept. de 1988)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988-. <2 v.> Variant title: Boletn del Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador. As of July 1997, only the inaugural issue and No. 2 (sept. de 1991) had appeared. Partial contents of no. 1: Ramiro Avila Paredes, El Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador (p. 7-9); Mauro Alvarez Mantilla, La Seccin Econmica del Archivo Histrico (p. 10-23); Pedro Navas Cumba, La Seccin General del Archivo Histrico (p. 25-29); Cosme Vsquez Guzmn, El fondo audiovisual (p. 30-33); Honorio Granaja Azanza, El fondo musical (p. 34-38). Partial contents of no. 2: Mnica Muoz Carrasco, El Archivo Histrico de la sucursal del Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca (p. 40-43); Roco Viteri A. Museo Nacional de Historia de la Medicina (p. 40-43); Roco Viteri A, Museo Nacional de Historia de la Medicina (p. 48-50). 458. Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia. Ao 1, no. 1 (ene./jun. 1950)-. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1950-. Entitled: ARNAHIS: rgano del Archivo Nacional de Historia. Ao 11, no. 17 (1968)ao 13, no. 19 (1973). 459. Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas. T. 1, no. 1 (1930)-t. 13, no. 31/32 (1962). Guayaquil: Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 1930-1962. 32 nos. in 14 issues. Tomo 1 (1930-1931) reprinted in photofacsimile: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. 460. Boletn del Museo Municipal Remigio Crespo Toral. Ao 1, no. 1 (oct. 1947)-. Cuenca: Museo Municipal Remigio Crespo Toral, 1947-. 461. Boletn eclesistico de la Provincia Ecuatoriana. Ao 1, no. 1 (dic. 1893)-. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1893-. The official organ of the Archdiocese of Quito. 462. Boletn histrico: organo de la Direccin de Historia y Geografa Militares del Estado Mayor Conjunto de las FF.AA. Ao 1, no. 1 (sept. 1976)-. Quito: Direccin de Historia y Geografa Militares del Estado Mayor Conjunto de las FF.AA., 1976-. Here within cited as: Boletn histrico (Quito). 463. Casa de Montalvo: rgano de la Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales y Extranjeros. Ao 1, no. 1 (ago. 1931)-. Ambato: Biblioteca de Autores Nacionales y Extranjeros, 1931-. 464. Corona de Mara: revista religiosa mensual, dirigida por PP. de la Orden de Predicadores. Ao 1, no. 1 (ene. 1900)-. Quito: Impr. de Santo Domingo, 1900-. 465. Crnica del ro: revista de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin,

Ncleo del Guayas. No. 1 (sept./oct. 1986)-. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Guayas, 1986-. 466. Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa. Ao 1, no. 1 (ene. 1951)-ao 31, no. 44 (ene. 1982); 2 poca, no. 45 (1991)-. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1951-1982; 1993-. No. 45 (1991) includes chronological, onomastic, and subject indexes for the first 44 nos. (i.e., 27 issues): Indice de Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa (1951-1982) by Mara Antonieta Funes, Ruth Garaicoa, and Guillermo Hurel (p. 7-92). 467. Cuadernos del Guayas: revista de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Guayas. Ao. 1, no 1 (mar./abr. 1948)-. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1948-. 468. Cuestiones econmicas. Vol. 1 (1979)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1979-. 469. Cultura: revista del Banco Central del Ecuador. No. 1 (mayo/ago. 1978)- vol. 10, no. 28 (mayo/ago. 1992); segunda poca, no. 1 ([abr.] 1997)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1978-1995, 1997-. The most important journal in the Humanities and the Social Sciences from the late 1970s through the mid 1980s. Sporadic in appearance after 1986; only one issue appeared between 1987 and 1996: no. 28 in 1995, no. 27 not having been published. The new series appears to be aimed at a broader, less scholarly audience. The inaugural issue of the new series even featured a comic strip. The original series included several special issues devoted to symposia and other conference proceedings: no. 3 (ene./abr. 1979): Primer encuentro sobre literatura ecuatoriana; vol. 2, no. 6 (ene./abr. 1980): Simposio sobre el Ecuador en 1830: ideologa, economa y poltica; vol. 3, no. 9 (ene./abr. 1981): Segundo encuentro sobre literatura ecuatoriana; vol. 4, no. 15 (ene./abr. 1983): Provincia de Loja; vol. 6, no. 18a18b (ene./abr. 1984): Coloquio de cultura ecuatoriana; vol. 7, no. 21a-21b (ene./abr. 1985): La Cultura andina en el Ecuador; vol. 8, no. 24a-24c (ene./abr. 1986): 250 aos de la primera misin geodsica. A cumulative index exists for nos. 1-18: Bruno Andrade Andrade, Cultura: revista del Banco Central del Ecuador: ndices no. 1-no. 18, mayo-agosto 1978-enero-abril 1984 (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985; 57 p.). 470. Economa. No. 1 (1950)-. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1950-. Irregular. Title varies: Boletn de informacin econmica (1950-1953); Boletn trimestral de informacin econmica (1953-1962); Economa y administracin (1962). Here within cited as: Economa (Quito). 471. Economa y desarrollo: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas de la PUCE. Ao 1, no. 1 (mayo 1979)-. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1979-.

472. Ecuador debate. 1 (dic. de 1982)-. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1983-. Each issue is devoted to a current topic. Published three times per year. 473. Estudios y datos. Ao 1, vol. 1, no. 1 (jul. 1979)-. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Datos, 1979-. A useful source of information on economic conditions, politics and government. Published irregularly: jul. 1979-sept. 1980; monthly: mayo 1981-. 474. Hombre y ambiente. Vol. 1, no. 1 (ene./mar. 1987)-. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1987-. 475. Humanismo. No. 1 (jul./sept.1983)-. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1983-. 476. Humanitas: boletn ecuatoriano de antropologa. 1:1 (1958)-7:1 (1969-1970). Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Antropologa, 1958-[1972?]. 11 nos. in 7 v. 477. Iglesias, pueblos y cultura. Ao 1, no. 1 (1987)-. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987-. Quarterly. 478. Libroteca: revista bibliogrfica mensual. No. 1 (jun. 1991)-. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1991-. Probably defunct. As of July 1997, the latest issue appeared to have been: n 13 (dic. 1993 y ene./feb. 1994). Based primarily on Freires monthly column (see items 80-81). 479. Llacta. [Ao 1, vol. 1] (1956)-. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1956-. Confusingly as well as inconsistently numbered. Usually monographic in nature and therefore more of a series than a serial. Monographic issues are described as separates in this bibliography. 480. Memoria: revista del Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina. Ao. 1, no. 1(nov. 1990)-. Quito: MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina, 1990-. Here within cited as Memoria, MARKA. As of 1997, almost a true annual, five issues having appeared, and one of the most important venues for the diffusion of professionally done, original studies in Ecuadorian studies, especially in Anthropology, Archaeology, Ethnohistory, and History. 481. Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana correspondiente de la Espaola. T. 1, entrega 1 (1884)-. Quito: Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua, 1884-. 482. Mensaje de la Biblioteca Nacional. Epoca 3, no. 1 (feb.1936)-nos. 11(1940). Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1936-1940. 11 nos. Continued: Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador (item 455). 483. Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana: boletn de los Museos del Banco Central

del Ecuador. Ao 1, no. 1 (1981)-. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981-. Apparently ceased publication with No. 7, corresponding to 1987. 484. Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana: revista de investigaciones histricas de los Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador. Ao 1, no. 1 (1988)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988-. Apparently ceased publication with No. 2, corresponding to 1989. 485. Museo Histrico: rgano del Museo de Historia de la Ciudad de Quito. Ao 1, no. 1 (mayo 1949)-. Quito: Municipalidad de Quito, 1949-. 486. Opus: revista de la Musicoteca del Banco Central del Ecuador. 1 (jun.1986)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986-. 487. Oriente dominicano: misiones de Canelos y Macas. Ao 1, no. 1 (ago./sept. 1927)-. Quito: Impr. de Santo Domingo, 1927-. 488. Pginas de cultura. No. 1 (jun. de 1949)-. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, 1949-. 489. Pginas de la historia, Galo Martnez Acosta (compilador). 1985(?)-. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar; Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia (Seccin Ecuador), 1985(?)-. 490. Poltica y sociedad. Ao no. 1 (1984)-. Quito: FLACSO; INFOC, 1984-. 491. Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia. No. 1 (II sem. 1991)-. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1991-. As of the late 1990s, the most important journal of Ecuadorian history being published. The only journal as of the 1990s, moreover, to attempt to review recently published monographs in history and related topics systematically as well as critically. Edited by Tehis (Taller de Estudios Histricos). No. 10 (I sem. 1997) includes Indices de contenido: nmeros 1-10. 492. Publicaciones de la Academia Arquidiocesana de Historia Eclesistica. No. 1 (ago. 1977)-. Guayaquil: Ediciones Justicia y Paz, 1977-. 493. Pucar: revista de la Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, Universidad de Cuenca. No. 1 (1977)-. Cuenca: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, Universidad de Cuenca, 1977-. 494. Quitumbe: revista del Departamento de Historia y Geografa de la Facultad de Pedagoga de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador. Ao. 1, no. 1 (jun. 1971). Quito: Departamento de Historia y Geografa de la Facultad de Pedagoga de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1971-. Irregular; a total of ten issues had appeared as of July 1997. Includes articles by faculty as well as by students. 495. Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Ao 1, no. 1 (ene./mar. 1945)-no. 24

(1966). Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1945-1966. 24 nos. Here within cited as: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. 496. Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Chimborazo. Ao 1, no. 1 (1953)-. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 1963-. Here within cited as: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Chimborazo. 497. Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura. Vol. 1, no. 1 (ene. 1954)-[1967?]. Ibarra: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura, 1954[1967?]. Here within cited as: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura. Continued by: Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana (item 518). 498. Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay. Ao 1, no. 1 (oct. 1948). Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1948-. Here within cited as: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay. 499. Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas. Ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1963)-. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1963-. Here within cited as: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas. 500. Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana. No. 1 (1974)-. Quito: Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1974-. Title changed to: Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, beginning with no. 7 (1983). Nos. 1-5/6 here within cited as: Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana. 501. Revista ciencias sociales. Vol. 1, no. 1 (1977)-. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Escuela de Sociologa y Ciencias Polticas, 1977-. 502. Revista de antropologa (Cuenca) 1 (dic. 1969)-. Cuenca: Seccin de Antropologa del Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1969-. No. 10 (abr. 1989) includes a cumulative: Indice onomstico y de ttulos de las Revistas de antropologa del Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura. 503. Revista de la Sociedad de Amigos de la Genealoga. Ao 1, vol. 1 (mar. 1983)-. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1983-. Extremely irregular. As of July 1977, only three issues had appeared. Also forms part of the Coleccin SAG (i.e., vols. 1, 2, and 5) 504. Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico Literaria. Ao 1, no. 1 (mayo 1902)-. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1902-. 505. Revista de la Universidad Catlica. Ao 1, no. 1 (1973)-. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1973-.

506. Revista de la Universidad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 18901940. No. 1 (mar. 1890)-no. 22 (abr. 1940). Title varied: Revista cientfica y literaria de la Universidad del Azuay (1890-1912); Revista de la Universidad del Azuay (1916). Continued by: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca (item 445). 507. Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil. Ao 1 (1930)-ao 14 (1943); 2 poca, ao 1, no. 1 (1958)-. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1930-. Title varies: Anales de la Universidad de Guayaquil (1949-1956). 508. Revista del Archivo de la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito. Ao 1, no. 1 (1937). Quito: Biblioteca Nacional, 1937. 1 no. (209 p.) Continued by: Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico (item 446). 509. Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas. 1 (primer semestre 1972)-ao 10, no. 19 (junio 1981). Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1972-[1990(?)]. Beginning with second issue, changed numbering to: Ao 1, no. 2 (dic. 1972)-. In addition to having been a venue for original monographic studies, mostly on various aspects of local and regional history, the RAHG constituted one of the only two sets of professionally published primary sources on the past of the port city and its district as of July 1997. The other is Actas del Cabildo colonial de Guayaquil (item 6789), also a publication of the Archivo Histrico del Guayas. Beginning with ao 1, no. 2 (dic. 1972) and continuing through ao 10, no. 19 (junio 1981), RAHG also listed holdings of its Fondo de escribanos pblicos. There are two cumulative indexes: Indices de esta revista para los aos de 19721973, 3:5 (jun. 1974), 147-181; and Indices de las revistas 5 al 8, 5:9 (jun. 1976), 99134. 510. Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay. 1 (1979)-. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1979-. Irregular in appearance, but as of Jul. 1997, still being published. 511. Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca. Entrega 1 (ene. 1921)-. Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos, 1921-. Title varies: Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos del Azuay. There is a cumulative index for nos. 1-47: Rodrigo Abad Gmez and Michurn Velez Valarezo, Indice analtico de la Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos del Azuay, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 13-79. T. 1, no. 1 (ene. 1921)-t. 2, no. 8 (jul. 1923) reprinted in photofac-simile: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. 512. Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas. Ao 1, no. 1 (mar. 1981)-. Quito: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y

Antropolgicas, 1981-. Given over almost entirely to genealogical studies. 513. Revista del folklore ecuatoriano. No. 1 (oct. 1965)-. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana [para el Instituto Ecuatoriano de Folklore], 1965-. 514. Revista del IDIS: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la Universidad de Cuenca (I.D.I.S.). No. 1 (1975)-. Cuenca: IDIS, 1975-. The title varies: IDIS; Revista IDIS; Revista del I.D.I.S. 515. Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore. No. 1 (ene. 1968)-. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1968-. No. 10 (abr. 1989) includes a cumulative: Indice onomstico y de ttulos de las Revistas del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore (p. 128-131). 516. Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima. Ao 1, no 1 (dic. 1986)-. Guayaquil: Instituto de Historia Martima, 1986-. Variant title: Revista, Instituto de Historia Martima. 517. Revista del Ncleo del Caar. No. 1 (mar. 1955)-. Azogues: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Caar, 1953-. 518. Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. T. 1, no. 1 (1968)-. Ibarra: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura, 1968-. Continues: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura (item 497). 519. Revista ecuatoriana de educacin. Vol. 1, no. 1 (jul./ago. 1947)-. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947-. 520. Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica. Ao. 1, no. 1 (primer semestre 1987)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1987-. Publishes original studies and reprints articles and sources originally published in other countries. Articles originally appearing in another language are translated. Makes available materials that most Ecuadorian scholars probably would not see otherwise. Not published for 1991-1993; may have ceased publication with no. 12 (segundo semestre 1995). 521. Sarance: revista del Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa. 1 (oct. 1975)-. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1975-. Also numbered: Ao 1, no 1-. 522. Unin literaria. Ao 1, no. 1 (abr. de 1893)-ser. 8, no. 7/9 (jun. 1937). Cuenca: Unin Literaria, 1893-1938. 523. Universidad. No. 1 (1967)-. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 1967-. Here within cited as: Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Guayaquil.

524. Universidad-verdad: revista de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Sede en Cuenca. Ao 1, no. 1 (ene./abr. 1986)-. Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1986-. 525. Vistazo. Ao 1, no. 1 (jun. 1957)-. Guayaquil: Editores Nacionales, 1957-. A semimonthly as of the 1990s. Useful source of more or less accurate and relatively unbiased information on recent and current events.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

HISTORIA OBRAS GENERALES Y MISCELANEAS

The first general history of Ecuador was Father Juan de Velascos Historia del Reino de Quito. Completed in 1789, while he was in exile in Faenza, the expelled Jesuits work was not published until nearly a half century after his death in a less than satisfactory version (Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1841- 1844; 3 v.), and had to wait almost two centuries to be published in scholarly acceptable versions (see items 540 and 1532). The next attempt at a general history was Pedro Fermn Cevalloss six volume Resumen de la historia del Ecuador (Lima, 1870-1873; 2 ed. rev., Guayaquil, 1886Lima, 1888), for the specifics of which see items 553 and 554. Only two other writermakers of history produced general histories during the nineteenth century, Francisco Xavier Aguirre Abad and Federico Gonzlez Surez. Aguirre Abads Bosquejo histrico did not appear until many years after his death too (see item 529), and Gonzlez Surezs eight volume Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador (item 1388) advanced only as far as the late colonial period. The twentieth century saw a number of general histories, ranging from one volume essays to multi-authored as well as multivolume sets. Among the shorter works, undoubtedly the best was: Leopoldo Benites Vinuezas Ecuador, drama y paradoja (item 537). The most comprehensive and scholarly of the multivolume histories was the truly new Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615). Also important was Piedad Peaherrera de Costales and Alfredo Costales Samaniegos pioneering four volume Historia social del Ecuador (item 620). A number of high school or upper form and university texts--some of which are important as syntheses or because of their influence upon one or more generations of students and scholars--appeared in the twentieth century too. At the risk of being invidious, the most noteworthy were: Gabriel Cevallos Garcas Historia del Ecuador (item 555); and Oscar Efrn Reyess Breve historia general del Ecuador (item 636). Until the 1960s, the writing of history was dominated by amateurs and autodidacts. For the most part they limited themselves to political, ecclesiastical, and cultural developments. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, a cadre of professionally trained scholars, exemplified by the producers of the Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), with different interests and new approaches to the past, started to come into their own. By new history is meant not just demographic history, economic history, ethnohistory,

and/or social history but the borrowing of methodologies and models from practitioners of the Social Sciences. By the 1990s, the subjugation of the past to professionally albeit at times awkwardly manipulated lenses and its filtering through a myriad of Social Scientific paradigms appears to have been in ascendency and to have begun the process of eclipsing the amateur and autodidactic studies that had previously slighted albeit not ignored altogether socioeconomic events and developments in their multiple aspects. Nonetheless, the amateurs and autodidacts continued to find outlets for their work, even if this meant establishing new journals such as Revista de la Sociedad de Amigos de la Genealoga or Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas. There was no comprehensive, up-to-date history of Ecuador in English as of the late 1990s, but the assiduous reader could piece one together, more or less, from: the bilingual but difficult to obtain edition of Cevallos Garcas Historia nacional del Ecuador (item 556); C. Reginald Enocks early twentieth-century Ecuador (item 575); Lowry Walkers regrettably rare Tumult at Dusk (item 600); Magnus Mrners The Andean Past (item 608); Frederick B. Pikes The United States and the Andean Republics: Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador (item 1965); and Victor Wolfgang Von Hagens Ecuador and the Galpagos Islands (item 657). Turning to the auxiliary disciplines, the multivolume, not yet complete (as of Dec. 1999) Geografa bsica del Ecuador (item 581) is highly recommended. As are also two superb historical geographic studies: Jean-Paul Delers Gense de lespace quatorien (item 564) and Alain Dublys Los poblados del Ecuador (item 568). The ethnohistory of the country had become somewhat better known than it used to be. See especially items 539 and 607.

527. Actas del primer Congreso de Historia del Negro en el Ecuador y Sur de Colombia: Esmeraldas 14-16 de Octubre, 1988: VI Jornadas Nacionales, V Internacionales de Genealoga e Historia Social, coordinador: Rafael Savoia, 1 ed. Quito: Edicin Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, Departamento de Pastoral AfroEcuatoriano, 1988. 272 p. (Coleccin CCA; vol. 1) (Coleccin SAG; t. 38) Contents: Pedro Porras Garcs, Evidencias arqueolgicas sobre la presencia del hombre de raza negra en la prehistoria ecuatoriana (p. 15-28); Rafael Savoia, El negro Alonso de Illescas y sus descendientes (entre 1553-1867) (p. 29-62); Rafael Savoia, Asentamientos nebros en el norte de la Provincia de Esmeraldas (1761-1825) (p. 63-80); Alfonso Castro Chiriboga, Revolucin de Concha (p. 81-86); Jos Mayorga Barona, Los Pimentel de Esmeraldas: sntesis de u cudruplo fluido tnico (p. 87111); Ezio Garay Arellano, La lite econmica de los negros de Guayaquil de 1742 a 1765 (p. 113-121); Ezio Garay Arellano, Los negros en Guayaquil en 1850 (p. 123133); Fernando Jurado Noboa, El aporte de Africa a la historia y a la genealoga ecuatorianas (p. 135-152); Fernando Jurado Noboa, Presidentes del Ecuador con ancestro africano (p. 153-169); Rosario Coronel, Indios y esclavos negros en el Valle del Chota colonial (p. 171-187); Leopoldo Jibaja Rubio, Casos de compra y venta de esclavos en la sierra ecuatoriana (1778-1838) (p. 189-192); Gerardo Andrade Gonzlez, Aprecio econmico y desprecio social del negro (p. 193-225); Francisco U.

Zuluaga R., Cimarronismo en el sur-occidente del antiguo Virreinato de Santa F de Bogot (p. 227-243); Narciso Binayn Carmona, Nobles negros esclavos (p. 245261). See also items 612 and 613. 528. Aguilar Paredes, Jaime. Pginas cvicas de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. del Colegio Tcnico Don Bosco, 1976. 357 p. 529. Aguirre Abad, Francisco X. Bosquejo histrico de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, Seccin de Investigaciones Histrico-Jurdicas, 1972. 510 p. (Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano; 3) First edition of a late nineteenth-century history of Ecuador by a writer-maker of history. Important for eye witness testimony as well as coeval perspective. 530. Alcina Franch, Jos. El proceso de prdida de la identidad cultural entre los indios del Ecuador, Cuadernos hispanoamericanos, 428 (1986), 91-108. Examines the progressive disappearance of distinct Indian groups through the accumulated assault of three different forces, the Inca invasion, the Spanish conquest, and the industrial era. 531. Arias, Augusto. Obras selectas. Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 950 p. Partial contents: Mariana de Jess (1929); El cristal indgena (1934); Vida de Pedro Fermn Cevallos (1946); Luis A. Martnez (1937); Mujeres de Quito (1934); El Quijote de Montalvo (1948); Espaa en los Andes (1950); Almas y lugares. 532. Arosemena, Guillermo. El comercio exterior del Ecuador, 1 ed. Guayaquil: G. Arosemena, 1992-1993. 3 v. A noteworthy attempt to quantify the export sector of the economy from the late 1500s through the 1980s. Contents: vol. 1, Perodo colonial: la Audiencia de Quito; vol. 2, Perodo republicano, 1821-1920; vol. 3, Perodo contemporneo, 1921-1990. 533. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Periodizacin de la historia del Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 13, p. 213-250. An explanation and justification of the periodization adopted in the Nueva historia. At the same time an important statement as to how the new historians of the latetwentieth century view the watersheds of their past. 534. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Resumen de la historia del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1993. 162 p. A brief but cogent and insightful overview. 535. La Balsa en la historia de la navegacin ecuatoriana: compilacin de crnicas, estudios, grficas y testimonios, Jenny Estrada [compiladora]. Guayaquil: Armada del Ecuador, 1990. 383 p.

536. Barrera, Isaac J. Historia mnima de la nacin y de la Repblica del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 34:84 (jul./dic. 1954), 231-245. Originally published in English as From Theocracy to Democracy, in: Ecuador, Andean Mosaic (item 569). Barreras only overview of the history of his country, from Huayna Capacs alleged division of the Tahuantinsuyu between Huascar and Atahualpa through the election of Galo Plaza Laso to the presidency of the republic. 537. Benites Vinueza, Leopoldo. Ecuador, drama y paradoja, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1950. 280 p. A delightfully written survey of the history of Ecuador. Dated but still very much worth reading. Especially noteworthy as a pioneering attempt to relate economic and social to political developments. Also Benites Vinueza was one of the first Ecuadorian scholars to focus on the people as protagonist. At the same time, however, it should be noted that his characterization of el pueblo was somewhat simplistic. 538. Benites Vinueza, Leopoldo. Ecuador, drama y paradoja, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 326 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 28) Includes a biobibliographical study by Simn Espinosa Cordero. 539. Benitez, Lilyan; and Alicia Garcs. Culturas ecuatorianas: ayer y hoy, 3 ed., corr. y aum. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1988. 231 p. A useful introduction to indigenous and other ethnic groups and their cultures of the country on the eve of the Spanish conquest, on the one hand, and as of late-twentieth century, on the other. 540. Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1959-1960. 29 v. Issued under the auspices of the General Secretariat of the 11th Inter-American Conference, supposed to have been held in Quito in 1960, this unnumbered set is a cornucopia of mostly national writers of the colonial, independence, and national periods. Contents: [1] Visin terica del Ecuador; [2] El Arte ecuatoriano, [3-4] Cronistas coloniales; [5] Historiadores y cronistas de las misiones; [6] Fray Gaspar de Villarroel; [7] Los Dos primeros poetas coloniales ecuatorianos; [8] Los Jesuitas quiteos del extraamiento; [9-10] Padre Juan de Velasco, S.I.; [[11] Prosistas de la colonia; [12] Precursores; [13] El Ecuador visto por los extranjeros; [14-15] Jos Joaqun Olmedo; [16] Juan Montalvo; [17] Cronistas de la independencia y de la Repblica; [18] Escritores polticos; [19] Prosistas de la Repblica; [20] Pedro Fermn Cevallos; [21] Historiadores y crticos literarios; [22] Federico Gonzlez Surez; [23] Jacinto Jijn y Caamao; [24] Juristas y socilogos; [25] Novelistas y narradores; [26] Poetas romnticos y neoclsicos; [27] Remigio Crespo Toral; [28] Poetas parnasianos y modernistas; and [29] Poesa popular, alcances y apendice; Indices. Reprinted in 1989 as Biblioteca ecuatoriana clsica by the Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones.

541. Bork, Albert William; and Georg Maier. Historical Dictionary of Ecuador. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1973. 192 p. Superficial in coverage and riddled with errors. 542. Bossano, Guillermo. Disertaciones. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1979. 209 p. 543. Bossano, Guillermo. Mensaje de ecuatorianidad, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, 1973. xiii, 329 p. Bossano mensajes, not mensaje inasmuch as this work is a compendium of patriotic and political discourses, are those of a white, middle class, traditional liberal on the one hand and of an attorney and pedagogue on the other. These discourses. almost all of which date from the 1960s, should be read as primary sources insofar as the development of white, middle class, liberal mentality vis-a-vis national politics and personages, historic and contemporary, during the second third of the twentieth century or thereabouts, and on the Ateneo Ecuatoriano, founded in 1938 and of which Bossano (1920-) was a leading and long term member, are concerned. 544. Bossano, Guillermo. Vicisitudes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana: mirajes histricosociolgicos de la conquista a travs del proceso vital patrio, 3 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1975. 256 p. Originally published: Quito: [s.n.], 1949. 180 p. Tesis universitaria previa a la incorporacin al cuerpo de abogados de la Repblica. Nominally a review of the origins of the Kingdom of Quito or nation of Ecuador in the prehispanic period, beginning with the Scyri and continuing through the Inca conquest, the Spanish conquest, the 10 de agosto, etc. In this work Bossano confuses nation with country and myth with history. Apparently the reason for this works popularity lies in Bossanos application of legends and traditions to the defense of Ecuadors right to the territory permanently lost to Peru in 1941. Without meaning to denigrate the importance or even the vital role legends and traditions play in societies, I wish to make it clear that Bossanos Vicisitudes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana belongs to the deplorable genre that interprets mythos literally and has little, if any, use for logos. 545. Bromley, R.J. Precolonial Trade and the Transition to a Colonial Market System in the Audiencia of Quito, Nova americana, 1 (1978), 269-283. Discusses patterns of trade prior to the Spanish conquest and examines the transition from the indigenous to the European system of trade and markets during the colonial period. Based on archival research as well as published materials. Also published in Spanish as: El comercio precolonial y la transicin a un sistema de mercado colonial en la Audiencia de Quito, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:1 (primer semestre 1987), 41-58. 546. Burgos, Dalton. Historia de las luchas populares. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, CEDIS, 1985-1988. 5 v. The statement of responsibility appears on the inside of the front cover of this works. In fascculos 1-4, it reads: Textos: Dalton Burgos; Ayudante de investigacin: Eduardo

Villacs+ Dibujos y diagramacin: Chicho. The research assistant statement is dropped in fascculo 5. I have no idea whether Chicho is a nickname, a pseudonym, a nom de artiste, or a last name. This is an interesting work. It was an attempt by CEDIS rescatar a travs de estos folletos ... esa estampa tenaz de los pueblos que grab la historia en el tiempo, esa presencia de hombres y mujeres humildes y sencillos que erigi a lderes y hroes ... Unfortunately, it does not succeed in being a history of the crowd, partly because of the limitations of the historiography on which it was necessarily based, partly because little or no effort was made to undertake the original research that would have been required to produce such a study, partly because Dalton and CEDISs approach is not just didactic but simplistic. Nonetheless, Historia de las luchas populares is important for two reasons: 1) It provides a more or less detailed chronology of popular movements (through 1984) that serves as a checklist, so to speak, of uprisings, rebellions, strikes, etc. that for the most part remain in need of detailed study, multivariant analysis, and comprehensive interpretation; and 2) many of the illustrations, especially the photographs, are revealing. Contents: fac. 1, De la conquista a la independencia (42 p.); fac. 2, De inicios de la Repblica a la revolucin liberal (30 p.); fac. 3, De la revolucin liberal a la masacre de 1922 (37 p.); fac. 4, De la revolucin juliana a la gloriosa de 1944 (36 p.); fac. 5, De la constituyente de 1945 a nuestros das (52 p.). 547. Cameron, Ian. Kingdom of the Sun God: A History of the Andes and Their People. New York: Facts on File, 1990. 224 p. A general history of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from prehispanic times through the 1980s. Light reading for the casual reader. 548. Carrin, Alejandro. La otra historia, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1983. 189 p. The anecdotal, hidden, and more often than not, the seamier side of the past. 549. Carrin, Benjamn. El cuento de la patria: (breve historia del Ecuador), 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 320 p. Unfortunately there are three deplorable aspects of altogether too much of what passes for historical scholarship in Ecuador, of which this work is a classic example: 1) the substitution of fact for fiction; 2) the substitution of armchair reading for archival and field research; and 3) the substitution of the well turned phrase for analysis and interpretation. A single quotation from Carrin suffices to demonstrate my point: 25 de junio de 1795 [sic]: La sublevacin de los barrios de Quito. Con la Revolucin de las Alcabalas, este es un acto de presencia heroico y multitudinario, en el cual, an los miembros de la nobleza criolla, secundaron la insurreccin justiciera del pueblo (p. 315). The intelligentsia responsible for these historiographical defects, from the point of view of an unreconstructed modernist, consider them to be virtues. Again according to Carrin, Pienso yo--y he tratado de sustentarlo--que las patrias se nutren y mantienen ms de la leyenda que de la historia (p. 7). I hasten to add that El cuento de la patria should be read, nonetheless, but as

ideological discourse, not as historical discourse. Originally published by the Edit Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana in 1967 in 237 pages , and reprinted by Libresa in Quito in 1992 in 275 pages. 550. Carrin, Fernando. Evolucin del espacio urbano ecuatoriano, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 37-72. A schematic analysis of the role of cities from the Spanish conquest through the census of 1982. Divided into two macro-periods, 1534-1895 and 1895-1983. 551. Carrin, Germn. Ecuador fundamental. Guayaquil: A.G. Senefelder, 1980. 247 p. Amenably written Ecuador fundamental should be read not as an introduction to the geography and history of the country but as yet another example of the extent to which myth and tradition continue to permeate the mentality of middle and upper class Ecuadorians, including not only the university educated but also university educators, including the author of this work. 552. Cevallos, Pedro Fermn. Resumen de la historia del Ecuador: desde su origen hasta 1845. Lima: Impr. del Estado, 1870-1873. 6 v. See under 553. 553. Cevallos, Pedro Fermn. Resumen de la historia del Ecuador: desde su origen hasta 1845, 2 ed. rev. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Nacin, 1886-Lima: Impr. del Estado, 1888. 6 v. A classic history of the country through 1845. Primarily political in coverage with some attention paid to economic and social developments, however, especially in vol. 6. Listed under Ceballos in some library catalogs, including the Library of Congresss Catalog of Printed Cards, for no valid reason. The first edition (item 552) included the rare Geografa poltica (t. 6; Lima, 1873)--a copy of which I have seen in the private library of Dr. Miguel Daz Cueva. Tomo 6 of the original edition was withdrawn by Cevallos before more than a few copies could circulate because he was dissatisfied with it.; it was retitled Geografa de la Repblica del Ecuador in the 2 ed. The 2 ed. is available in several reprints (e.g.: Historia del Ecuador. Ambato: El Municipio, 1985-1986) Selections from the work as a whole were published as: Pedro Fermn Cevallos, estudio y selecciones de Isaac J. Barrera. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 517 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [18]) A digest in the form of a catechism, Compendio de la historia del Ecuador, was supposed to have been adopted as an official text in the national school system in 1871, nominally a tribute to his objectivity. That the conservative Garca Moreno should adopt the work of a conservative intellectual, however, is not surprising. The earliest edition of the Compendio that I have been able to verify, however, dates from 1879: Quito: Impr. del Clero. 435 p. 554. Cevallos, Pedro Fermn. Instituciones del derecho prctico ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de los Hurfanos de Valencia, 1867. iii, 349 p.

The multifaceted Cevallos was also a practicing attorney. It is not surprising therefore that he should have produced a treatise on contemporary legal practices, as much Hispanic and Napoleonic in origin as sui generis. This work is also a commentary on the political system of the times. 555. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Historia del Ecuador: texto. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigaciones y Cultura, 1987. 645 p. (Obras completas, Gabriel Cevallos Garca; 3) Reprint; originally published: Cuenca, 1967. A standard upper form/junior college level text. Nonetheless, a solid survey of developments and events through the early 1960s. 556. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Historia nacional del Ecuador, edicin bilinge = bilingual edition. Cuenca: Romlacio Editor, [1992?]. 399 p.: ill. A bilingual edition of what has become a standard history of Ecuador (item 555). Includes a section on the prehistory of the country by Juan Cordero Iiguez. Chronologically updated by Antonio Lloret Bastidas. Enriched with appropriate illustrations. 557. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Visin terica del Ecuador. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1959. 627 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [1]) A thought provoking, occasionally brilliant essay on how Ecuador came into being (Integracin del territorio), what it means to be Ecuadorian (Configuracin del hombre), and how Ecuador became as nation state and what Ecuador had become as of the mid-twentieth century (Para entender bien al Ecuador). Of course, it has to be understood that the Ecuador in question is that of the blanco and the mestizo who consider him/herself to be and is considered to be a blanco and the Ecuadorian, the blanco and the mestizo who functions as a blanco. See also items 216 and 217. Reprinted: Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigaciones y Cultura, 1987. 558. Las Ciudades en la historia, Eduardo Kingman Garcs, coordinador; Lucas Achig [et al.]. Quito: CIUDAD, 1989. 456 p. Publishes some of the papers presented at the Seminario Las Ciudades en la Historia realizado en noviembre de 1987 con los auspicios del Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politcnicas, la Facultad de Arquitectura de la Universidad Central, la Asociacin de Historiadores del Ecuador, el CIID de Canad, la Fundacin Quito y el Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, institucin a cargo de la cual estuvo la organizacin del evento. All but one of the published papers have to do with the history of cities and towns in Ecuador, the state of which several of the ponencias here within included considerably enhanced. Partial contents: Antonio Narvez R. Quito: la conquista del territorio de la ciudad (p. 25-43); Vctor Hugo Torres, Los municipios ecuatorianos: historia de una derrota (p. 45-57); Galo Ramn, El territorio y los asentamientos en las sociedades norandinas (p. 81-134); Ins del Pino, Caractersticas de la arquitectura prehispnica del Ecuador (p. 135-157); Alfonso Ortiz Crespo, Visin general de las fundaciones y del urbanismo colonial espaol en el territorio de la antigua Audiencia de Quito (p. 161-186); Jorge

Benavides Sols, El urbanismo en el Ecuador: los orgenes de Quito (p. 187-206); Ivn Gonzlez, Los orgenes urbanos de Cuenca (p. 207-229); Rubn Moreira V., Ecuador: transformaciones urbanas y arquitectnicas en la primera mitad del siglo XX (p. 233-247); Manuel Chiriboga V., Ciudad y campo en la costa durante el perodo cacaotero (p. 249-255); Ramn Gutirrez, La nueva Guayaquil entre la utopa y la modelstica (p. 257-267); Rosa Ferrn Schettini, Rol del capital comercial y usurario en el desarrollo de Baha de Carquez (p. 269-294); Gaitn Villavicencio [y] Henry [i.e., Henri] Godard, Modernizacin agrcola y debilidad del poder municipal: el caso de Quevedo (p. 297-310); Lucas Achig [y] Fernando Landvar, El proceso de crecimiento urbano de Macas (p. 311-323); Carlos Larrea Maldonado, Agroexportacin y estructura social en Machala: 1948-1984" (p. 325-340); Martha Moscoso C., Indgenas y ciudades en el siglo XVI (p. 343-356); Eduardo Francisco Kingman G., Ana Mara Goetchel, [y] Cecilia Mantilla, Obras pblicas y fuerza de trabajo indgena: (el caso de la provincia de Pichincha) (p. 357-383); Csar Hermida Bustos [y] Mara Eugenia Castelo, Los hospitales de Quito: caracterizacin histrico geogrfica (inicial) (p.387395); Ana Mara Goetschel [y] Eduardo Kingman G., La participacin de los indgenas en las obras pblicas y los servicios de la ciudad de Quito, en el ltimo tercio del siglo XIX (p. 397-403); Carlos Ortiz Arellano, Riobamba en la primera mitad del siglo XX (p. 405-418); Nicols Kingman, El humor de los quiteos (p. 419-422); Adrian Carrasco Vintimilla [y] Claudio Cordero Espinosa, Testimonio de la transicin de una sociedad patriarcal a la sociedad burguesa en Cuenca: La Escoba (p. 423-456). 559. Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (5: 1986: Cuenca, Ecuador) Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador, Cuenca, 10-13 de diciembre de 1986. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1987. 412 p. 560. Cooper, John. Historia de la oveja en el Ecuador. Quito: Universidad Central, 1952. 21 p. 561. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo; and Piedad Peaherrera de Costales. Los seores naturales de la tierra. Quito: Xerox del Ecuador, 1982. 256 p. (i.e., p. 1-256) A study of pre- and post-conquest kurakas, more commonly known as caciques in Ecuador. Published together with: Fernando Jurado Noboas Las coyas y pallas del Tahuantinsuyo: su descendencia en el Ecuador hasta 1900 (item 3309). 562. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Ejrcito y Marina del Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1926), vol. 1, p. 261-274. A prcis of the history and official perception of the Armed Forces from prehispanic times through the 1920s. Reprinted in: Indianistas, indianfilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 639-676. 563. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. Ensayos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1989. 2 v. A potpourri of miscellaneous essays on the history, politics, and art of Ecuador and of Latin America at large.

564. Deler, Jean-Paul. Gense de lespace quatorien: Essai sur le territoire et la formation de ltat national. Lima: Institut franais dtudes andines; Paris: Editions A.D.P.F., 1981. 279 p. (Travaux de lInstitut franais detudes andines; t. 22) A superb historical geography. The pioneering work in this genre for Ecuador. Interpretative as well as analytical. Mandatory reading. Also published in Spanish as: Ecuador, del espacio al estado nacional. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 341 p. (Biblioteca de geografa ecuatoriana; vol. 2) 565. Deler, Jean-Paul; Michel Portais; and Nelson Gomez E. El Manejo del espacio en el Ecuador: etapas claves. Quito: CEDIG, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1983. 239 p. (Geografa bsica del Ecuador; t. 1) Also a historical geography of Ecuador, but not as detailed as item 564. 566. Demlas, Marie-Danielle; and Yves Saint-Geours. Jerusaln y Babilonia: religin y poltica en el Ecuador, 1780-1880. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Instituto Francs de Estudios Andinos, 1988. 222 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 21) A novel study of the role of ideas, especially but hardly exclusively religious beliefs, in the political culture of the late colonial, independence, and early modern periods. The authors focus on the Quito rebellions of 1809 and 1810-1812, the presidential administration of Rocafuerte (1835-1839), and the Garca Moreno years (1859-1875). Based on original research in Ecuador, France, and Spain. N.B. Not an altogether satisfactory version; Demlas herself refers to it as a traduccin defectuosa. But in fairness to the translator, the authorss prose is tortuous. Also published in French as: Jerusalem et Babylone: politique et religion en Amrique du Sud, le cas quatorien (Paris: ERC, 1989). 567. Documentos para la historia militar, por la Direccin de Historia y Geografa Militar del Estado Mayor. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1974-1977. 3 v. A potpourri of primary sources, mostly on military aspects of the colonial and independence periods. 568. Dubly, Alain. Los poblados del Ecuador: estudio geogrfico, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1990. 402 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 26) An examination of the emergence and evolution of human settlements in Ecuador from prehistoric times through the present. N.B. Neither a study of the population nor a population history of the country as misdescribed in some North American library catalogs. A fundamental work, based on many years of field and library research. 569. Ecuador, Andean Mosaic, edited by Rolf Blomberg. Stockhom: Hugo Geber Frlag, 1952. 319 p. An interesting albeit now considerably dated introduction to the country and its peoples for English language readers. Contents: Rolf Blomberg, Foreword; Anbal Buitrn, Ancient Ecuador; Isaac J. Barrera, From Theocracy to Democracy; Francisco Tern, The Country on Latitude 0; Francisco Tern, The Coast; Anbal Buitrn, The Sierra; Francisco Tern, The

Oriente; Rolf Blomberg, The Galpagos Islands; Jorge Enrique Adoum, Cultural Facts; Lillian Robinson, Ecuador in Foreign Eyes. 570. Ecuador, In the Shadow of the Volcanos, Misael Acosta Sols [et al.]. Quito: Libri Mundi, 1981. 302 p. A more recent, considerably more detailed, and linguistically more accommodating introduction to Ecuador and Ecuadorians than item 569. Also published in a new or [2nd] ed. in 1991. In Italian as: Ecuador allombra dei vulcani. Venezia: Erizzo Ed., 1981; and in Spanish as: Ecuador a la sombra de los volcanes. Quito: Libri Mundi, 1981. Contents: H.N. Hoeck, Galpagos, the Islands of the Past and Present; H.N. Hoeck, Different Types of Volcanoes in Ecuador; H.N. Hoeck, Galpagos, a Challenge for the Preservation of Species; J.G. Marcos, A Brief Prehistory of Ecuador; P. Norton, Excavations on the Sacred island of La Plata; G. Rossi-Osmida, Voyages and Explorations in the Ecuador of Atahualpa; J. Bottasso, The Price of Survival: the Shuar; J.A. Yost, People of the Forest: the Waorani; G. Ligabue, Survival and Environments of Ecuador; M. Acosta Sols, Ecology and Conservation of Nature in Ecuador; E. Patzelt, Flora and Fauna of Ecuador; G. Rallo, The Guacharo; G. Rallo, The Harpy Eagle; P. Basaglia, Classification of Dwellings and Boats of Ecuador; Photographic Documentation. 571. Ecuador indgena: aspectos histricos y actuales de la cultura andina, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1989. 146 p. The third issue of Ecuador indgena. Contents: Marcelo Valdospinos Rubio, Nomenclatura y mestizaje (p. 13-18); Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros, El teido de lana con cochinilla en Salasaca, Tungurahua (p. 1931); Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, Visin histrica de la msica en el Ecuador (p. 3362); Segundo E. Moreno Ynez, Historiografa indgena y tradicin de lucha (p. 6370); Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros, La alpargatera: una antigua actividad artesanal en Imbabura (p. 71-97); Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, Comentario a una fiesta que ha muerto: El Coraza (p. 99-104); Johann Von Kessel, Los espacios andinos y urbano y su articulacin: validez de los conceptos (p. 105-125); Ceciel Kockelmans, El fandango en las fiestas privadas de los indgenas de Otavalo, Ecuador (p. 127-138); Betsy Salazar, Comunidad de Calpaqu: tecnologa utilizada actualmente por la familia rural y/o incorporacin de tecnologas apropiadas (p. 139-146). 572. Ecuador pasado y presente, Leonardo Meja [et al.]. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1975. 273 p. A set of essays on the economic history of prehistoric, colonial, and modern Ecuador by a group of at the time young social scientists, written from the perspective of historical modernism, equivalent in their minds to la teora moderna de la historia. Relatively sophisticated. Had a major, continuing impact on national historiography. Also published in a ed. actualizada with an added chapter by Ren Bez on La qumera de la modernizacin that continues coverage through the early 1990s: Quito: Libresa, 1995. 227 p.

573. Elizalde, Gorki. Periodizacin histrica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 17 p. (i.e., p. 1-17). A superficial delineation of periods in the history of the country. Lumps the colonial and independence periods together (1534-1822) but recognizes the Gran Colombian years as a separate period (1822-1830), and divides the national period into three (18301895, 1895-1922, and 1922-1979) without any explanation whatsoever or specification of the characteristics of said periods. Published together with: Vctor A. Gonzlez S., De la disgregacin gentilicia a la esclavitud patriarcal en el Ecuador (item 585). 574. Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador (2: 1978: Cuenca, Ecuador). Segundo Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, Cuenca, abril, 1978. Cuenca: IDIS, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1978. 3 v. Vols. 1-2 consist of 24 papers on various aspects of the history of Ecuador. Vol. 3 is given over to what were then recent and contemporary economic issues and concerns. Noteworthy presentations are listed and annotated separately. I have been unable to ascertain when the Primer Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador was held or whether any of the papers presented at it were published. Some of the papers presented at the Tercer Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, held at the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales in 1980, however, were published as: Ensayos sobre historia regional: la regin centro sur (item 6345). Furthermore, some, if not all, of the papers presented at the IV Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, held in 1983, were published as: Carl Marx: en homenaje al centenario de su muerte, 1 ed. (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1983; 349 p.); and as: Simn Bolvar: en homenaje al bicentenario de su muerte, 1 ed. (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1983; vii, 350 p.). For those presented at the V Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, organized by the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales and held in 1986, see item 7562. For those presented at the sixth encounter, held in 1989, apparently at which time the Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador became the Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador y Amrica Latina, see items 2572 and 2573. Since then a seventh and eight encounter were held, also in Cuenca and also sponsored, if not organized, by the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, in 1993 and 1996, respectively. 575. Enock, C. Reginald. Ecuador, Its Ancient and Modern History, Topography and Natural Resources, Industries and Social Development. London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1914. 375 p. The first attempt to write a history of and a comprehensive introduction to Ecuador in English. Still useful as a statement of what the country was like in the early 1900s by an unjaundiced and for the time, well informed observer. Eventually published in Spanish as: Ecuador, su historia, antigua y moderna, su topografa y recursos naturales, sus industrias y su desarrollo social (Quito: El Comercio, 1947; 354 p.); and

as Ecuador, geografa humana: su historia antigua y moderna, topografa, recursos naturales, industrias y desarrollo social, segn la traduccin de Cesar O. Bahamonde T.; introduccin, Enrique Ayala Mora (Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981; 427 p.). 576. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Escritos selectos, seleccin y prlogo por Luis Andrade Reimers. Quito: Grupo Aymesa: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1994. 499 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 9) A potpourri of Espinosa Plits multifaceted writings. Includes essays on the Catholic Church, the Jesuits, Santa Mariana de Jess, Olmedo, and the national hymn. 577. Estrella, Eduardo. El pan de Amrica: etnohistoria de los alimentos aborgenes en el Ecuador. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Centro de Estudios Histricos, 1986. xvii, 390 p. A detailed study of the autochthonous flora and fauna utilized by the indigenous peoples of Ecuador as foodstuffs from prehispanic times through the recent present. Although not the only study of its kind, it was and perhaps still is the most comprehensive. Reprinted by Abya-Yala in 1988 and 1990. 578. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. 1.000 aos de cultura aborigen: antropognesis del Ecuador, etnofolklorismo, ciencia ficcin. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo de Loja, 1983-1985. 2 v. 579. Gallegos Naranjo, Manuel. Manuel de efemrides: lecciones de historia del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Tip. El Vigilante, 1900. 168 p. It is not clear whether this was a primary or a secondary level textbook. It is important today for two reasons: 1) for the curious tidbits of data, some amusing and erroneous such as the rebuffed June 6, 1624 invasion of Guayaquil by doscientos galeones holandeses, al mando del pirata Jacobo LHermite or the smallpox epidemic of 1785 that was responsible for the death of ms de 25,000 [personas] in the city of Quito alone, and others quite interesting and informative such as the event of 4 March 1852, Se reuni por primera vez la Junta protectora de la libertad de esclavos [en Guayaquil], y quedaron manumitidos veintiocho individuos. Or the event of 21 April 1857, Se comenz la construccin del Muelle principal de Guayaquil. 2) Because the data, false as well as factional, and interpretations contained in this primer shaped at least one, if not more, generations of Ecuadorians, including scholars. In this regard, it will be recalled that several major intellectuals, such as Isaac J. Barrera (1884-1970), of the first two thirds of the twentieth century had no more than a high school (colegio) education. 580. Garca Ortiz, Humberto. Las rutas del futuro: una interpretacin sociolgica del hecho histrico ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 239 p. Notwithstanding its promising subtitle, this is not a social history of the country. Instead it is a superficial interpretation of the past and ongoing present, based far less on knowledge of the land and the peoples of Ecuador than on application of the sociological models in vogue in the 1950s to national realities. Also on the then widespread but in retrospect surrealistic belief that cultural as well as biological

mestizaje would eventually resolve the problems of the country. Does not even contain a detailed or insightful paradigm of the class structure. Important, nonetheless, a source for the study of the history of ideas and mentalities in Ecuador. 581. Geografa bsica del Ecuador. Quito: CEDIG, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1983-<1991>. <5> v. This work may be treated and should be thought of as a whole--even though it is multiauthored as well as multi-thematic--inasmuch it was conceived of as an integral set, not as a series, and because for the most part it succeeds as an integral set. For its component parts as of July 1997, see: t. 1, El Manejo del espacio (item 565); t. 2, vol. 1, Transicin demogrfica (item 8719); t. 2, vol. 2, Geografa de la salud (item 8520), t. 3, El Espacio urbano (item 6605); and t. 5, vol. 1, Transformaciones agrarias (item 7877). An exceptionally comprehensive and sophisticated geography. 582. Gmez E., Nelson. Organizacin del espacio ecuatoriano, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 9-36. A less than satisfactory essay. Not even an acceptable synthesis of the contemporary state of knowledge. 583. Goncharova, Valerian M. Ecuador: tierra y hombres. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1979. 144 p. A set of essays by a Marxist-Leninism on indigenous movements, Eloy Alfaro, Enrique Gil Gilbert, and related developments and personages of interest to the Communist world. I could forgive Goncharova his ideological bias if he at least got his facts right but this could not have happened, given his dependence on such fellow travelers as Oswaldo Albornoz and fictionalizers like Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. 584. Gonzlez, Luis Aurelio. Ideario y remembranzas. Quito: Impr. Luz de Amrica, 1961. 261 p. 585. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. De la disgregacin gentilicia a la esclavitud patriarcal en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana: Ncleo del Guayas, 1981. 107 p. (i.e., p. 19-128). Should have been listed under Perodo prehispnico inasmuch as it is an attempt to reconstruct the economic, political, and social structures of the ethnic groups of the central coast during the Integration period. An significant essay that contain some important insights. Maintains that the League of Merchants was on the point of becoming a nation state. See also items 891 and 892. Published together with Gorki Elizalde, Periodizacin histrica del Ecuador (item 573). 586. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. Las tierras comunales en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1982. 109 p. 587. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Ultima miscelnea del Excmo. Sr. D. Federico Gonzlez Surez, arzobispo de Quito, recogida y publicada por el Excmo. Sr. D. Manuel Mara Plit. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1932. 559 p. Consists of miscellaneous letters and religious, archaeological, historical, literary, and

scientific essays of the archbishop-historian. See also items 5035 and 5036. 588. Guevara, Daro C. Las mingas en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 86:341 (1957), 163-310. An essay on corvee labor practices, past and mid-twentieth-century. Also published as a monograph: Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1957. 168 p. 589. Harris, Leo J.; Percy Bargholtz; and Rodrigo Pez Tern. Ecuador, historia postal y catlogo de marcas prefilatlicas. New York: Collectors Club, Inc., 1984. 98 p. 590. Historia del Ecuador. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1980-1982. 8 v. A multi-authored history of Ecuador from prehistoric times through the recent present. More traditional than innovative in approach as the majority of the authors were/are members of the old guard. Worthwhile but difficult to obtain inasmuch as it was issued in fascicles. Profusely illustrated. 591. La Historia del Ecuador: ensayos de interpretacin, editor, Enrique Ayala M. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. 403 p. An anthology of grand sweep, highly interpretative essays by leading members of the new and old guard. 592. Historiadores y crticos literarios. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 548 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [19]) Consists of selections from the writings of Pablo Herrera, Pedro Moncayo, Juan Len Mera, Abelardo Moncayo, Vctor Len Vivar Correa, Manuel J. Calle, Julio E. Moreno, Nicols Jimnez, Alejandro Andrade Coello, Manuel Mara Plit Laso, Camilo Destruge, Jos Gabriel Pino Roca, Modesto Chvez Franco, and Pedro Jos Huerta. 593. Huerta Rendn, Francisco. Historia del Ecuador. Barcelona: Cartongraf, 1966. 312 p. One of the better surveys. Especially strong on the prehispanic period, the authors forte. 594. Idrobo Urigen, Tarquino Anbal. Ecuador inmortal: lecturas para las nuevas generaciones. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1950. 239 p. A set of essays on the history and great men of the country. 595. Investigacin histrica de la minera en el Ecuador, [realizada por] Maximina Navarro Crdenas, 2 ed. Quito: Direccin de Industrias del Ejrcito, 1990. 527 p. Consists of chronologically ordered extracts from primary and secondary sources on mining in Ecuador. Most of the materials date from the colonial period and had not been published previously. 596. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Estudios histricos, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 499 p. Contents: La revolucin del 10 de agosto de 1809: apuntamientos para su estudio; La dictadura de Bolvar; Caudillos y dictadores; En defensa de Rocafuerte;

Montalvo poltico; El general Eloy Alfaro; La victimacin [sic] del Gral. Alfaro y sus tenientes; Don Abelardo Moncayo y su poca; Resumen histrico del rgimen constitucional ecuatoriano; Ubicacin histrica del descubrimiento y conquista del Maran y Amazonas; Los tratados con Colombia; Sntesis histrica y jurdica de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana y de su defensa territorial. 597. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. La nacin quitea: perfil biogrfico de una cultura. Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 566 p. Contents: La nacin quitea; Reflexiones sobre el Reino de Quito y sus Shyris; Atahualpa, creador de la nacionalidad quitea; Algo ms sobre la nacionalidad de Atahualpa; El secreto de Guayaquil en la entrevista de Bolvar y San Martn; El gran mariscal Jos de La Mar: su posicin histrica; La gobernacin de Quito y el descubrimiento del Amazonas. 598. Jordn M., Aniceto. Revoluciones criollas. Quito: Ediciones Antorcha, 1938. 146 p. A Marxist interpretation of rebellions and revolutions in Ecuador. See also item 604. 599. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Notas de prehistoria e historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1971. 370 p. An anthology of previously published essays on the prehispanic period and on archaeologists, historians, and other students of Ecuador. 600. Lowry, Walker. Tumult at Dusk: Being an Account of Ecuador, Its Indians, Its Conquerors, Its Colonists, Its Rebels, Its Dictators, Its Politicians, Its Landowners, Its Artists and Its Priests with a Prologue and an Epilogue. San Francisco: Grabhorn Press, 1963. 159 p. According to Norris (223:3533), Tumult of Dusk sic recounts los viajes del autor por el Ecuador en busca de caucho durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial [con] algunas observaciones sobre la sociedad, la poltica y la cultura. Although Norris is partly right, Lowrys Tumult at Dusk is much more than a travel account; it is also a general history of Ecuador. Unfortunately it was issued in only 100 copies. 601. Luna Tamayo, Milton. Estado, regionalizacin y lucha poltica del Ecuador, 1800-1869, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 7 (1987), 105-127. A thoughtful essay on regionalism, incipient nationalism, and civil strife during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. Also published in: Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 45-55; and in: Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 323-345. 602. Martnez Amador, Joaqun. Ecuador, races y esperanzas, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Senefelder, 1995. 310 p. 603. Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador, compilador, Segundo E. Moreno Ynez. Bonn: Instituto de Antropologa Cultural, Universidad de Bonn; Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985. 452 p.

An important compendium of original essays on the anthropology, ethnohistory, and history of Ecuador. Reissued as: Antropologa del Ecuador, 3 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 505 p. 604. Mio, Ernesto. El Ecuador ante las revoluciones proletarias. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1981. 167 p. A reprint; originally published as: El Ecuador frente a las revoluciones proletarias. Ambato: Colegio Bolvar, 1935. A Marxist interpretation of the social history of Ecuador. See also item 598. 605. Monge, Celiano. Lauros. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1977. iv, 189 p. 606. Monge, Celiano. Relieves: (artculos histricos). Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana [para la] Academia Ecuatoriana, 1936. 398 p. Items 605 and 606 are anthologies of Monges writing on events and persons of the colonial, independence, and early national periods. 607. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E.; and Udo Oberem. Contribucin a la etnohistoria ecuatoriana. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 406 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 20, 21) Morenos contributions include La etnohistoria, anotaciones sobre su concepto y un examen de los aportes en el Ecuador, written especially for this volume, and the previously unpublished Colonias mitmas en el Quito incaico: su significacin econmica y poltica. Oberems contributions include Los Caranquis de la sierra norte del Ecuador y su incorporacin al Tahuantinsuyu, published here for the first time (see also item 1327), and Indios libres e indios sujetos a haciendas en la sierra ecuatoriana a fines de la colonia, not previously available in Spanish. Reprinted: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 2 v. 608. Mrner, Magnus. The Andean Past: Land, Societies, and Conflicts. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. xiv, 300 p. A general history of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from prehispanic times through the early 1980s. Emphasizes demographic, economic, and social developments. Readable and insightful. Insofar as the twentieth century is concerned, supplements Pikes more ideological and political in coverage The United States and the Andean Republics (item 1965). Chapters eight and nine have been published in Spanish as: La evolucin del mercado mundial y su relacin con el cambio de la economa andina (1890-1950): estudio comparativo de Bolivia, Ecuador y Per, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:5 (1989), 13-78. 609. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. Orgenes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana y otros ensayos, estudio introductorio, Juan Corderno Iquez. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 274 p. Contents: Orgenes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana, 1 parte; Memorias de la revolucin de Quito; Obras de Espejo; Fray Vicente Solano.

610. Muoz Vicua, Elas. El Ecuador, un pas clsico. Guayaquil: Edit. U.G., 1988. 358 p. A general history. 611. Navas Jmenez, Mario Oswaldo. Historia del Ecuador. Quito: M.O. Navas Jmenez, 1990. 212 p. 612. El Negro en la historia: aportes para el conocimiento de las races en Amrica Latina: conferencias del Segundo Congreso [y] XI Jornadas de Historia Social y Genealoga, Esmeraldas, 7-9 septiembre 1990, coordinador, Rafael Savoia, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, Departamento de Pastoral Afro-Ecuatoriano, 1990. 230 p. (Coleccin CCA; vol. 2) (Coleccin Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga; no. 57) Partial contents: Fernando Jurado Noboa, Medardo Angel Silva: cspide paradgica de la poesa afroecuatoriana (p. 11-47); Rosaura Garca A., La poblacin negra de Quito a fines de la colonia (p. 49-56); Piedad y Alfredo Costales Completando la historia nacional: Ambrosio Mondongo, rebelde del Chota (p. 57-64); Alfonso Castro Chiriboga, La poblacin negra en el Quito de 1840 (p. 75-83); Fernando Jurado Noboa, Algunos cabos sueltos sobre esclavitud y negros en la Provincia de Bolvar: 1758-1910 (p. 85-88); Marcia Stacey de Valdivieso, Negros en Chaupicruz: 16481980; Leopoldo Jibaja Rubio, Eslavitud en la sierra: 1738-1816; Jorge Villalba, Una repblica de trabajadores negros en las minas de Zaruma en el siglo XVI (p. 121-125); Fernando Jurado Noboa, Demografa y trascendencia del grupo africano en el Guayaquil de 1738 (p. 143-145); Jos Mayorga Barona, Los Tobar del Tolima en Esmeraldas: el aporte africano de los Jan en la clase alta local (p. 147-165); Ezio Garay Arellano, Dispensas matrimoniales de negros, indios y blancos en la Provincia de Los Ros (p. 167-192); Manuel Loor Villaquirn, Alonso de Illescas, estratega militar y poltico (p. 193-198); Rafael Savoia, Historia social de Uimb (p. 199-230). 613. El Negro en la historia: races africanas en la nacionalidad ecuatoriana: conferencias del Tercer Congreso [y] XVI Jornadas de Historia Social y Genealoga, Esmeraldas, 20-22 noviembre 1992, coordinador, Rafael Savoia, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Afroamrica, Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, 1992. 239 p. (Coleccin CCA; vol. 3) (Coleccin Medio milenio; vol. 9) Contents: Rafael Savoia, Esmeraldas a mediados del siglo XVIII (p. 11-30); Fernando Jurado Noboa, Esmeraldas en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII: sus tres afluentes negros coloniales (p. 31-39); Ricardo Ordoez and Mauricio Alvarado, Anlisis del censo de Ro Verde, Atacames y Sa (p. 41-42); Ezio Garay Arellano, Vecinos y familias de Ro Verde en poca garciana (p. 43-55); Jos Mayorga, Esmeraldas y su poblacin de 1871 (p. 57-74); Jos Arteaga P., Alfaro y los negros (p. 75-79); Nelson Estupin Bass, Memorias de una ciudad: 1920-1930 (p. 81-91); Julio Estupin Tello, Esmeraldas de ayer (p. 93-98); Gustavo A. Rivadeneira, Biologa y genealoga de un esmeraldeo de ascendencia inglesa (p. 99-127); Luis Argentina Chiriboga, Races africanas en la nacionalidad ecuatoriana (p. 129-139); Rafael Savoia, Genealoga e historia social del Valle del Chota y Cuenca del Ro Mira (p. 141-144); Fernando Jurado Noboa, Una visin global sobre el Chota: 1475-1813 (p. 145-154); Salomn

Chal, Cmo vivimos en el Valle del Chota? (p. 155-165); Rosaura Garca de Plit, El mundo negro de Cuajara al tiempo de la expulsin jesuta (p. 167-169); Rosaura Garca de Plit, El sistema esclavista en la poca del General Flores: 1840 (p. 171181); Ezio Garay Arellano, Diecisis aos de historia documentada de las compraventas, cartas de horro y libertad de los negros de Guayaquil en el siglo XVII (p. 183202); Rafael Savoia, La presencia del hombre negro en Zaruma (p. 205-210). 614. Nicol Lpez, Gerardo. El Ecuador en cuatro siglos. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1963. 58 p. 615. Nueva historia del Ecuador, Enrique Ayal Mora, editor. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Grijalbo, 1983-1994. 15 v. A multi-authored, new approach history of Ecuador from pre-Inca times through 1990. Vols. 1-2 cover the prehispanic period; vols. 3-5, the colonial period; vol. 6, the independence and Gran Colombian period; and vols. 7-11, the national period. Vols. 12-13 consist of grand sweep essays. Vol. 14 consists of a comparative chronology or time lines of events in Europe, the Americas, and Ecuador itself, and vol. 15 of documentos or sources. Almost all of the vols. include more or less useful bibliographies, but they are incomplete: the bibliographies do not list all of the works cited or referred to by the individual contributors. Furthermore, many of the citations suffers from errors of commission and omission. Also this work is inadequately indexed; the name and place indexes for vols. 1-13 (at the end of vol. 13) are incomplete. Nonetheless, the majority of the essays are cogent, insightful syntheses of traditional and new studies on all periods, but not all aspects in every case, of the past of the country at large and of its component regions, cities and towns. Moreover, almost all of the authors are professionally trained scholars and active researchers. An exceptionally extraordinary benchmark in Ecuadorian historiography. 616. Pez, J. Roberto. Estudios de historia ecuatoriana y otros ensayos, seleccin y prlogo por Enrique Villass Tern. Quito: Grupo Aymesa: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1995. 592 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 12) A welcome compendium of Pezs numerous, heretofore scattered essays on multiple aspects of the history of Ecuador, especially major figures, chroniclers, sources, and the colonial and independence periods. 617. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Breve historia del Ecuador. Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1992. 386 p. 618. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Historia del Ecuador, 2 ed. rev. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 2 v. Both items 617 and 618, are idiosyncratic and fictionalized accounts. Both are available in several editions or versions with variant titles. 619. Peaherrera, Guillermo. Opsculos para la historia. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1958. 3 v. 620. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Historia social del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1964-

1971. 4 v. Vols. 1-3 appeared as Nos. 17-19 of Llacta. Vol. 4: Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Although factually inaccurate in places--the Costales were careless in their acceptance of data, especially quantitative data--and methodologically unsophisticated, this work is notable because it constituted not just one of the earliest attempts to write a social history of Ecuador from the Spanish conquest through the 1960s but more importantly to incorporate Indians and blacks, mestizos and zambos into the mainstream of national historiography. The section on the abolition of slavery is especially important (vol. 1, pp. 288-369). Contents: vol. 1, El concertaje de indios y manumisin de esclavos (1964); vol. 2, Aspectos socio-econmicos de la estructura agraria ecuatoriana (1964); vol. 3, Recopilacin de leyes sociales indgenas de 1830 1918 (1964); vol. 4, Reforma agraria. 621. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los Isaminas. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Centro de Investigaciones para la Educacin Popular, [1986?]. 317 p. A popular history of Ecuador. Emphasizes Indian wars, including resistance to the Inca conquest, and uprisings. 622. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los Llactaios. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Centro de Investigaciones para la Educacin Popular, [1985]. 238 p. A history of Indian resistance and uprisings in Ecuador from the Spanish conquest through the 1871 rebellion of Daquilema. 623. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Llacta runa. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1961. 244 p. (Llacta; no. 12) Delineates the ethnogeography of the indigenous peoples of Ecuador on the eve of contact and circa 1960. 624. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Nos, la plebe. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 204 p. A documented but methodologically unsophisticated study of the role of urban crowds in riots and rebellions during the late colonial and independence periods, especially in Quito, Cuenca, and Riobamba. 625. Prez Concha, Jorge. Escritos histricos: pginas de historia ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1990. 150 p. A potpourri of the authors historical essays. 626. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948. 183 p. 627. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Semillas al viento, 1 ed. Quito: Publitcnica, 1966. xii, 229 p.

628. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. El Ecuador profundo: mitos, historias, leyendas, recuerdos, ancdotas y tradiciones del pas. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1988-1990. 4 v. A la Ricardo Palma. 629. Pino Roca, Jos Gabriel. Fundamentos de la historia del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. del Progreso, 1909. 101 p. A primer. Important as an example of early twentieth-century thought regarding the formation and history of the country. The author, a guayaquileo, was a leading intellectual of the time. 630. Ponce Ribadneira, Alfredo. Once ensayos. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1963. 222 p. Partial contents: El descubrimiento del Amazonas; Reflexiones sobre las gestas libertarias de Quito; El general Salazar; Don Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. 631. Portal Valenzuela, Blfor. Ecuador. Madrid: Anaya, 1988. 127 p. A superficial introduction to the land, people, and history of the country. 632. Poveda, Carlos Samuel. Ensayos y opiniones: coleccin de artculos literarios, de historia y administracin pblica. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1938. 72 p. 633. Quevedo, Belisario. Historia del Ecuador: compendio de historia patria. Quito: Edit. Bolvar, 1931. 246 p. Edited by Alfonso and Jos Rumazo Gonzlez. Originally published in successive instalments in 1919 in the Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico-Literaria. Reprinted with an introductory study Pensamiento y patria en Belisario Quevedo by Samuel Guerra Bravo (p. 7-24). Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1982. 315 p. 634. Quevedo, Belisario. Texto de historia patria. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 153 p. Items 633 and 634 are panoramic treatments from the point of view of a staunch Liberal. Widely used as textbooks in their day, they influenced several generation of Ecuadorians. 635. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. El Ecuador en el espacio andino: idea, proceso y utopa, Allpanchis (Cuzco), 35/36 (1990), 517-578. 636. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Breve historia general del Ecuador, 6a ed., ampliada de acuerdo con los ltimos estudios histricos. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Instituto Nacional Meja, 1960. 3 v. in 2. T. 2-3: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke. Despite the edition statement, a reprint of the 4a ed. with coverage through 1949 only. Continuously but not consecutively paged. Originally published in 1938. The classic secondary level text. For many years also used at the university level, given the lack of a more appropriate work. See also item 1970.

637. Ribadeneira Araujo, Jorge. Tiempos idos ..., 1 ed. Quito: [s.n.], 1988. 205 p. 638. Rivera Villavicencio, Oswaldo. Vibraciones del tiempo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 288 p. 639. Rolando, Carlos A. Cronologa histrica ecuatoriana, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 29-42; 2:4/5 (ago. 1952), 79-100. Covers the months of Jan. through Aug only. 640. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Apuntes para la historia de la poblacin indgena del Ecuador, Amrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./set. 1974), 685-712. Consists of notes for a history of Indians and indigenismo in Ecuador. 641. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Breve historia contempranea del Ecuador. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1994. 638 p. A general history from approximately 30,000 B.C.E. through 1992. More or less traditional in approach. Well written. Includes a brief bibliographic essay and an onomastic index. 642. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Escorzos de historia patria. Quito: Ediciones Quitumbe, 1977. 357 p. An anthology of previously published essays on the prehistory, protohistory and history of the country. 643. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Introduccin al estudio de la historia general del Ecuador, Museo Histrico, 15:43/44 (ago. 1963), 40-60. 644. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Testimonio. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 486 p. A group of miscellaneous essays, some historical, some contemporary on the Catholic Church, significant events of the day, and major personages. 645. Segarra Iiguez, Guillermo. Historia del Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones OFIMEX, 1986-. <1 v. {268 p.}> . Contents: t. 1, El medio natural, prehistoria. 646. Silva, Erika. Los mitos de la ecuatorianidad. Quito: Ediciones Abya Yala, 1992. 85 p. A critical assessment of past and present relations between the several ethnic groups that comprise the Ecuadorian nation. 647. Stornaiolo, Ugo. Anatoma de un pas latinoamericano: El Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: BSM, Ediciones Culturales, 1988. 300 p. 648. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Estudios sobre historia ecuatoriana, seleccin de textos Jorge Salvador Lara; estudios introductorios por Jorge Salvador Lara [et al.]. Quito: Grupo Aymesa: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1994. 551 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 10)

A representative selection of the authors numerous contributions to multiple aspects of the history of Ecuador. Partial Contents: La organizacin jurdico territorial de las colonias espaolas; Aspectos jurdicos de la ereccin de la Audiencia de Quito; Santa Mariana de Jess; Los historiadores y cronistas de Indias; El restablecimiento de la Audiencia de Quito; Un nuevo mapa de misiones ecuatorianas; La obra capital de P. Juan de Velasco, S.J.; La transformacin de 1809 fue eminentemente jurdica; Origenes constitucionales de la Repblica del Ecuador; Iglesia y Estado en las primeras constituciones de la Gran Colombia; Vinculaciones entre los estadistas granadinos y ecuatorianos en los primeros aos de la repblica; Las leyes sociales de la Gran Colombia. 649. Trabucco, Federico E. Sntesis histrica de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1968. xvi, 1117 p. An exceptionally useful vade mecum, especially of dates and events. 650. Uzctegui, Emilio. Hechos y hombres de nuestra cultura. Quito: Edit. ENA, 1984. 153 p. 651. Uzctegui, Maruja de. Apuntes para una historia de la proteccin y de los servicios sociales en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1952. 38 p. A survey of social services from the foundation of the hospital of Quito in 1565 through the early 1950s. 652. Vaquero Dvila, Jess. Aspectos sociolgicos de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Manuel Piedra N., 1930. xv, 265 p. 653. Vaquero Dvila, Jess. Gnesis de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1941. 417 p. An insightful survey of the history of the country from prehispanic times through the first third of the twentieth century. 654. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Geohistoria del Estado ecuatoriano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 23:40 (1973), 29-161. 655. Villass Tern, Enrique M. Elogio del Ecuador, 2 ed., rev. Quito: Grficas Iberia, 1992. 493 p. A general introduction to past and present Ecuador. Emphasizes regional and local history. 656. Viteri Lafronte, Homero. El precursor Espejo y otros estudios sobre historia, seleccin y prlogo por Jorge Salvador Lara. Quito: Grupo Aymesa: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1993. 470 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 8) Contents: El centenario de la Repblica del Ecuador; Gonzalo Daz de Pineda; Un libro autografo de Espejo; El impreso de Espejo en Bogot; Bolvar; La agresin de 1941; El Ecuador y su salida al Maran; El Ecuador y su propia salida al Maran. 657. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. Ecuador and the Galpagos Islands. Norman:

University of Oklahoma Press, 1949. ix, 290 p. A popular introduction to past and mid-twentieth-century Ecuador. Marred by careless mistakes. Von Hagen appears to have been more concerned to tell a good tale than to get facts and figures right. 658. Weilbauer, Arthur. Los alemanes en el Ecuador: estudio histrico = Die Deutschen in Ekuador: historische Studie. Quito: Colegio Alemn, 1975. 117 p. In Spanish and German. Reviews German activities in and writings on Ecuador. N.B. It cannot be overemphasized that the German contribution to Ecuadorian studies has been monumental, beginning with the works of Humboldt.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

PERIODO PREHISPANICO

Although Federico Gonzlez Surez was the founder of scientific historiography in Ecuador, his pioneering works on the prehispanic period --the 1878 Estudio histrico sobre los Caaris (item 895) and the first volume together with the accompanying archaeological atlas of his Historia general (item 1388)--were those of an amateur and an autodidact. The first professional survey of the antiquities of the country was Ren Verneau and Paul Rivets 1912-1922 two volume Ethnographie ancienne de lEquateur (item 1282). For Gonzlez Surezs understandable but ill founded reaction to Verneau and Rivet, see the archbishop-historians Notas arqueolgicas (item 896). The first important vade mecum was Jacinto Jijn y Caamaos 1941-1947 four volume El Ecuador interandino y occidental antes de la conquista espaola (item 972)--largely based on Jijn y Caamaos own extensive field work--for a digest of which see his posthumously published Antropologa prehispnica (item 969). N.B. Jijn y Caamao was the first Ecuadorian to attempt to establish successions of cultures and to publish the data on which his conclusions were based. As of July 1997, the most recent, up-to-date, and scholarly introductions to the prehispanic period were: Aurelia Bravomalo de Espinosas 1992 Ecuador ancestral (item 739) and Ernesto Salazars 1995 Entre mitos y fbulas (item 1178). Also important as surveys were the chapters in the Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615) by Salazar (items 1183 and 1179--in that order), Jorge G. Marcos (items 1029 and 1026), Jos Echeverra Almeida (item 824), Segundo E. Moreno Ynez (item 1062), and Udo Oberem (item 1088). Moreno Ynezs contribution is especially interesting because he came close to achieving a history of the prehispanic period. Two other general work that deserves special attention are the late Father Pedro Porrass 1987 Manual de arqueologa ecuatoriana (item 1140), and vol. 1 of Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854). Porras used to be one of the few archaeologists and the only Ecuadorian to have done field work in the Oriente. Vol. 1 of Historia del arte ecuatoriano (in the four vol. version) is given over almost entirely to the prehispanic developments in general, not just to art, and constituted a solid survey at the time of its publication (1977). Unfortunately the authorship of the sections on the Formative, Regional Development, and Integration periods was not specified, but it is known that Hernan Crespo Toral, the late Olaf Holm, Jorge Marcos, and the prematurely deceased Presley Norton--all respected authorities--played major roles in their drafting and editing.

Although Betty Meggers 1966 Ecuador (item 1041) has long since been superseded by the findings of later scholars, her book continued to be the only overview of the prehistory of the country in English. Insofar as Formative period and early Regional Development period developments on the central-south coast are concerned, see Donald W. Lathraps also dated 1975 Ancient Ecuador: Culture, Clay and Creativity, 3000-300 B.C. (item 996), and Karl Dieter Gartelmanns somewhat more recent but less scholarly 1985 Digging Up Prehistory (item 880), primarily an account of archaeological developments on the coast. Another recent, exceptionally important work on the archaeology of the coast is the Primer Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa: arqueologa, etnohistoria, antropologa sociocultural, Alvarez, Aurelio [et al.],1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 568 p. It includes a useful list of the publications of Jos Alcina Franch, Silvia Alvarez, F. Jean Bouchard, Alejandro Cerda Esteve, Mercedes Guinea Bueno, Mara Luisa Laviana Cuetos, Jorge Marcos, Josefina Palop Martnez, and Montserrat Ventura i Oller on the Area Septentrional Andina (p. 535-553). The prehispanic period in what would become Ecuador cannot be understood without taking into account developments in neighboring Peru and elsewhere in the Andean culture area. At the time this bibliography was compiled, the best of the most recent surveys were: Michael E. Moseleys The Incas and Their Ancestors: The Archaeology of Peru (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1992); Craig Morris and Adriana Von Hagens The Inka Empire and Its Andean Origins (New York: Abbeville Press, 1993); and from the historical point of view, Mara Rostworowski de Diez Cansecos fundamental Historia del Tahuantinsuyu, 4a ed. (Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 1992), the product of forty years of archival research. Rostworowski de Diez Cansecos work, also available in an English version, History of the Inca Realm(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), should force a revision of many of the myths regarding not only the struggle for supremacy between Huascar and Atahualpa but also the alleged nationality of Atahualpa and the implications thereof. That Atahualpa was a cuzqueo and full fledged Inca in every sense are no longer subject to doubt. Perhaps the most controversial theme in the history of the prehispanic period is whether the Kingdom of Quito existed. I for one do not believe that it did. Nonetheless, the term Kingdom of Quito or Reino de Quito has been employed in the annotations to this section and in the subject headings in reference to the mythical polity created by Juan de Velasco. For a detailed discussion of the furor the negation of Velascos Cara and/or Shyri Reino de Quito used to generate, see Neptal Zuigas Atahualpa (item 3698), esp. p. 42-76. See also item 202. Furthermore, I do not believe that the Kingdom of Quito came into existence during the colonial period either, at least, not as usually defined. Juridically the Reino de Quito was created and did exist by imperial fiat. Institutionally it corresponded to the Presidency, if not the Audiencia, of Quito--jurisdictionally and therefore territorially two distinct entities. But in fact there appear to have been at least three kingdoms during the colonial period, the independence period, and for some time thereafter during the national period as well: the kingdoms of Cuenca (i.e., the southern highlands),

Guayaquil (the central and southern coast), and Quito (the northern and central highlands).

659. 5000 aos de ocupacin, Parque Nacional Machalilla, Presley Norton, Marco Vinicio Garca, editores. Quito: Centro Cultural Artes; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 102 p. 660. Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andinomesoamericanas (Salinas, Ecuador, 1971), edicin de Jorge G. Marcos y Presley Norton. Guayaquil: Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral, 1982. xiii, 495 p. 661. Agro, Robert J. Algunas sugerencias ambientales determinantes que se relacionan con la geografa poltica del Per preincsico y del sur del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 22:39 (1972), 186-209. 662. Alcina Franch, Jos. La arqueologa de Esmeraldas (Ecuador): introduccin general. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Direccin General de Relaciones Culturales, 1979. 165 p. (Memorias de la Misin Arqueolgica Espaola en el Ecuador; vol. 1) A solid survey of the prehistory of Esmeraldas. Based on nearly a decade of extensive as well as intensive field and archival research by a team of Spanish archaeologists and historians. For other volumes in this set see items 796, 909, and 1203, and for papers on related findings and results, items 700, 759, 777, 783, 908, 910, 911, 1165. 1204-1206, and 1268. 663. Alcina Franch, Jos, La arqueologa de Esmeraldas, Ecuador: una investigacin interdisciplinaria, Cuadernos hispanoamericanos, 298 (abr. 1975), 132-159. This items and items 664, 665, 670, and 672 are reports by Alcina Franch on the field work done in the 1970s by himself and other members of the Proyecto Arqueologa de Esmeraldas. The first report appears to have been Alcina Franchs Exploracin arqueolgica en costa de Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 6 (1971), 125-142. 664. Alcina Franch, Jos. La arqueologa de Esmeraldas: un proyecto de investigacin interdisciplinaria, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 15:109/110 (1979), 130-139. 665. Alcina Franch, Jos. Un bosquejo de la arqueologa de Esmeraldas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 25:42 (1975), 9-50. 666. Alcina Franch, Jos. Las cabezas-clava de Ingapirca, Ecuador, Indiana, 8 (1983), 229-242. 667. Alcina Franch, Jos. Excavaciones arqueolgicas en Ingapirca, Ecuador, Historiografa y bibliografa americanistas, 21 (1977), 237-240. 668. Alcina Franch, Jos. Los indios Caaris de la sierra sur del Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 141-188.

A solid statement as to what was known, as of the mid-1980s, from archaeological, ethnohistorical, and linguistic studies and sources, and what could be inferred about the Caar Indians before and after they were subdued by the Incas. 669. Alcina Franch, Jos. Ingapirca: arquitectura y reas de asentamiento, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 8 (1978), 127-146. 670. Alcina Franch, Jos. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en la Provincia de Esmeraldas (Ecuador), Historiografa y bibliografa americanistas, 21 (1977), 241-247. 671. Alcina Franch, Jos. El modelo terico de jefatura y su aplicacin al rea andina septentrional norte, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 265-288. 672. Alcina Franch, Jos. El proyecto de arqueologa de Esmeraldas (Ecuador), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 55-76. 673. Alcina Franch, Jos. Tomebamba y el problema de los indios Caaris de la sierra sur del Ecuador, Anuario de estudios americanos, 37 (1980), 403-433. 674. Alcina Franch, Jos. La vasija trpode como rasgo diagnstico para la determinacin de influencias mesoamericana en el area andina, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 349357. 675. Alcina Franch, Jos; and Mara Carmen Garca Palacios. Materias primas y tecnologa en Esmeraldas, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 303-318. 676. Alejandro Valdez, Erasmo. Terrazas arqueolgicas de San Lucas, Provincia de Loja, Revista de la Universidad Tcnica Particular de Loja, 9 (ago. 1987), 209-222. 677. Almeida, Napolen. El perodo de integracin en el sur de la Provincia de Loja, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 89-97. Originally published in: Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 11:3/4 (jui./dc. 1982), 29-37. 678. Almeida Reyes, Eduardo. Aspectos de la agricultura prehistrica del Ecuador, Quitumbe, 4 (1976), 1-17. 679. Almeida Reyes, Eduardo; and Holguer Jara Chvez. El pucar de Rumicucho. Quito:Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 156 p. 680. Alvarez, Silvia G. Tecnologa prehispnica, naturaleza y organizacin cooperativa en la Cuenca del Guayas, 1 ed. Guayaquil: CEAA-ESPOL, 1989. 245 p. 681. Anawalt, Patricia Rieff. Ancient Cultural Contacts between Ecuador, West Mexico, and the American Southwest: Clothing Similarities, Latin American Antiquity, 3 (1992), 114-129. 682. Andrade Marn, Luciano. La excavacin arqueolgica de Huaraqu, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 5:54 (mayo 1953), 746-758.

683. Andrade Marn, Luciano. El Reino de Quito. Quito: Edit. Los Andes, 1954. 260 p. Supports the thesis that a prehispanic Kingdom of Quito existed. 684. Andrade Reimers, Luis. El siglo heroico. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1992. 281 p. (Coleccin histrica; vol. 22) A noteworthy but considerably biased attempt to reconstruct the history of the Inca conquest of what is now Ecuador, the alleged civil war between Quito and Cuzco-the least satisfactory section of the work--and the Spanish conquest of what would become the Kingdom of Quito. In Andrades hands, Atahualpa becomes a hero franco y leal por temperamento ... See also items 1307 and 1308. 685. Aruz, Julio. La Tolita. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1946. 89 p. Historiographically interesting but archaeologically superficial. 686. Arellano, A. Jorge. Asentamientos arqueolgicos tardos del perodo de integracin en la Cuenca del Ro Chumbo, Ecuador, Sarance, 16 (ago. 1992), 173204. 687. Arias Palacios, Hugo. Evolucin socioeconmica del Ecuador: sociedades primitivas y perodo colonial. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 310 p. A major analysis of economic and social events and developments of the prehispanic and colonial periods. Unfortunately this work has not had much of an impact on the historiography of either period, probably because it appeared in a limited, poorly distributed edition. At the same time, it should be noted that Arias was not familiar with all of the relevant literature. 688. Archologisch Funde aus Ecuador, herausgegeben von Helmut Schindler; mit Beitragen von Udo Oberem, Roswith Hartmann, Hennng Bischof. Munchen: Staatliches Museum fur Vlkerkunde, 1991. 87 p. 689. Arqueologa de la costa ecuatoriana: nuevos enfoques, editor Jorge Marcos. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Guayaquil: ESPOL, 1986. 300 p. A set of essays by Jorge G. Marcos, Donald W. Lathrap, James A. Zeidler, Deborah M. Pearsall, and Silvia Alvarez on rescue archaeology, with particular reference to local and regional sites. 690. Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador: simposio del 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Universidad de los Andes, 1-7 julio 1985, Bogot, Colombia, compiladores: Jos Alcina Franch, Segundo E. Moreno Ynez. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador; Quito: Abya- Yala, 1986. 288 p. Papers presented at the 45th International Congress of Americanists. Contributions on Ecuador are entered separately under their authors. 691. Arriaga, Jess. Apuntes de arqueologa Caar. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1965. 120 p.

Reprint; originally published: Cuenca: Impr. del Clero, 1922. 103 p. Also reprinted in Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 21:3 (jul./sept. 1965), 399-512. 692. Artieda, Alfonso Anbal. Cochasqui: historia de una civilizacin destruida. Quito: Tip. Hispana, 1978. 37 leaves. 693. Athens, J. Stephen. Evolutionary Process in Complex Societies and the Late Period Cara Occupation of Northern Highland Ecuador. 1978. xix, 310 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of New Mexico. Published in Spanish as: El proceso evolutivo en las sociedades complejas y la ocupacin del perodo tardo Cara en los Andes septentrionales del Ecuador. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 307 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 2) 694. Athens, J. Stephen. Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador: A Comment on Meyers, American Antiquity, 48:3 (July 1978), 493-496. See item 1052. 695. Athens, J. Stephen. Pampuentsa 1: un sitio arqueolgico cerca del Ro Macuma en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 129-140. 696. Athens, J. Stephen. The Site of Pampuentsa and the Pastaza Phase in Southeastern Lowland Ecuador, awpa Pacha, 24 (1986), 111-124. 697. Athens, J. Stephen. Teora evolutiva y montculos prehistricos de la sierra septentrional del Ecuador, Sarance, 7 (oct. 1979), 29-44. 698. Athens, J. Stephen; and Alan J. Osborn. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en la sierra norte del Ecuador: dos estudios preliminares. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1974. 108 p. 699. Barnes, Monica; and David Fleming. Charles-Marie de la Condamines Report on Ingapirca and the Development of Scientific Field Work in the Andes, 1735-1744, Andean Past, 2 (1989), 175-236. Translates into English La Condamines report on Ingapira and comments upon its value as source for reconstruction of the site and its functions. Perhaps the most important point Barnes and Fleming make is that archaeologists too often overlook the labors of their predecessors and cultivators of other fields. 700. Barriuso Prez, Mara Angeles. Sistemas de enterramiento en Atacames (Esmeraldas), Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 979), p. 245-257. 701. Barros Grez, Daniel. La escritura entre los Caaris, Actas de la Sociedad Cientfica de Chile, 3 (1893), 162-170. Reprinted in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 9 (abr. 1986), 251-262. 702. Batchelor, Bruce E. Los camellones de Cayambe en la sierra del Ecuador, Amrica indgena, 40:4 (oct./dic. 1980), 671-689. 703. Baumann, Peter. Valdivia: d. Entdeckung d. ltesten Kultur Amerikas. Frankfurt

am Maine: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1981. 222 p. Reprint; originally published: Hamburg: Hoffman und Campe, 1978. 276 p. A popular introduction to prehispanic cultures of Ecuador at large, not just to that of Valdivia. 704. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. La arqueologa en la regin interandina de Ecuador, 2 ed. aum. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 271 p. An important but somewhat dated study of various sites, in the highlands. Based on field work as well as archaeological and ethnohistorical studies and sources. 705. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Aspectos de la arqueologa en la regin de Caar. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 223, [50] p. 706. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Recientes investigaciones arqueolgicas en la Provincia de Imbabura. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1990. 124 p. 707. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Ruinas arqueolgicas en la Provincia de Loja, Memorias del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 202-206. 708. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Las ruinas de Pachuzala y el Cerro de Callo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11/12:28/29 (1962-1963), 85-97. Presents the evidence from chronicles and travel accounts on the Inca, possibly preInca ruins of Pachuzala, near Quito. 709. Bell, Robert E. Evidence of a Fluted Point Tradition in Ecuador, American Antiquity, 26:3 (July 1960), 102-106. 710. Bell, Robert E. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en el sitio de El Inga = Archeological Investigations at the Site of El Inga. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 330 p. In Spanish and English. 711. Bell, Robert E. Obsidian Hydration Studies in Highland Ecuador (El Inga), American Antiquity, 42:1 (Jan. 1977), 68-77. 712. Benavides Sols, Jorge. La arquitectura y el urbanismo de Cochasqu. Quito: Departamento de Cultura de la Universidad Central, 1986. 84 p. 713. Bennett, Wendell Clark. Excavations in the Cuenca Region, Ecuador. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1946. 84 p. 714. Berenguer R., Jos; and Jos Echeverra Almeida. Propesta metodolgica para el registro de sitios arqueolgicos en los Andes septentrionales del Ecuador: sistema regional de designacin y ficha de prospeccin, Sarance, 7 (oct. 1979), 5-28. 715. Bergse, Paul. The Gilding Process and the Metallurgy of Copper and Lead among the Pre-Columbian Indians. Copenhagen: Danmarks Naturvidenskabelige Samfund, 1938. 58 p. 716. Bergse, Paul. The Metallurgy and Technology of Gold and Platinum among the Pre-Columbian Indians, English translation by F.C. Reynolds. Copenhagen: Danmarks

Naturvidenskabelige Samfund i Kommission hos G.E.C. Gad, 1937. 44 p. Items 715 and 716 are analyses of copper, lead, gold, platinum, and alloys artifacts from Atacames and La Tolita sites. 717. Bischof, Henning. The Origins of Pottery in South America: Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Southwest Ecuador, Atti del XL Congreso Internazionale degli Americanisti (Rome and Genoa: Tilgher, 1972), vol. 1, p. 269-281. Regarding the evidence for pre-Valdivia ceramics. 718. Bischof, Henning. San Pedro und Valdivia: Frhe Keramikkomplexe an der Kste Sdwest Ekuadors: ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des sdamerikanischen Formativums, Beitrge zur allgemeinen und vergleischenden Archologie, 1 (1979), 335-389. 719. Bischof, Henning; and Julio Viteri Gamboa. Pre-Valdivia Occupations on the Southwest Coast of Ecuador, American Antiquity, 37:4 (Oct. 1972), 548-551. 720. Bodenhorst, Benno. Los sellos cermicos de Manab, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1983-1984), 23-40. 721. Bolaos Baldassari, Aldo. Observaciones generales sobre la arqueologa del Ro Napo, Gaceta arqueolgica andina, 17 (1990), 41-48. 722. Bollaert, William. Antiquarian, Ethnological, and Other Researches in New Granada, Equador, Peru, and Chili: With Observations on the Pre-Incarial, Incarial and Other Monuments of Peruvian Nations. London: Trbner & Co., 1860. 279 p. Based on the authors second sojourn in South America in 1853-1854. 723. Bonifaz, Emilio. Cazadores prehistricos del Ilal. Quito: Offset Ecuador, 1979. 115 p. An amateur archaeologist and big game hunters interpretations of how the PaleoIndians of Ilal used the artifacts found at that site to hunt and to trap. 724. Bonifaz, Emilio. Comentarios arqueolgicos, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7:7 (1987), 55-58. A critical review of Mayer-Oakess El Inga (item 1037). 725. Bonifaz, Emilio. Datacin por la hidratacin de la obsidiana, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 123-128. 726. Bonifaz, Emilio. Dating of Obsidian Artifacts of the Ilal Region of Ecuador. Quito: E. Bonifaz, 1977. 8 p. 727. Bonifaz, Emilio. Microlitos arqueolgicos. Quito: E. Bonifaz, 1972. 34 p. 728. Bonifaz, Emilio. Notas sobre la arqueologa de la zona del Ilal, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 85-88. 729. Bonifaz, Emilio. Nueva aproximacin para la antigedad de obsidianas de la regin Ilal, Boletn histrico (Quito), 3:11/12 (jul./dic. 1979), 130-144.

730. Bonifaz, Emilio. Obsidianas del paleo-indio de la regin del Ilal. Quito: E. Bonifaz, 1978. 104 p. 731. Bonifaz, Emilio. Origen del hombre ecuatoriano, Sarance: revista del Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 4 (jul. 1977), 5-14. 732. Bonifaz, Emilio; Sylvia Elizondo; and Bernard Vandermeersch. El hombre fsil de Punn, resto fsil no. 2 (Ecuador, Amrica del Sur), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1982), 5-24. 733. Bouchard, Jean-Franois. Evidencias de relaciones interculturales en la regin norte (sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador), Relaciones interculturales en el area ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 29-44. Reexamines the question of cultural influence of the central coast of Ecuador upon the north coast of Ecuador and the southern coast of Colombia during the Late Formative and Regional Development periods. 734. Bouchard, Jean-Franois. Las ms antiguas culturas precolombinas del Pacfico ecuatorial septentrional, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 109-129. See also Bouchards El formativo final y el desarrollo regional en el litoral pacfico norecuatorial, Gaceta arqueolgica andina, 6:22 (1992), 5-21, in which he argues that local adaptation to mangrove and other swamps was disrupted circa AD 300 when La Tolita and associated sites were abandoned (albeit only temporarily). 735. Brainerd, George W. A Cylindrical Stamp from Ecuador, Masterkey, 27:1 (Jan./Feb. 1953), 14-17. Maintains that a stamp found just south of modern Esmeraldas, with stylized speech scrolls, is indicative of contact with Mesoamerica. 736. Braun, Robert. Nuevo anlisis del Cerro Narro in: Donald Collier and John V. Murra, Reconocimientos y excavaciones en el sur del Ecuador (item 782), p. 143-165. 737. Braun, Robert. The Formative as Seen from the Southern Ecuadorian Highlands, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andinomesoamericanas (item 660), p. 41-99. 738. Bravo Guerreira, Mara Concepcin. Relaciones culturales de los grupos indgenas de la costa norte peruana y la regin interandina del sur del Ecuador, Relaciones interculturales en el area ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 45-55. 739. Bravomalo de Espinosa, Aurelia. Ecuador ancestral. Quito: Artes Grf. Seal, 1992. 280 p. A descriptive summary of field research results by period, region, and cultural complex. A comprehensive, balanced survey. Well illustrated. 740. Bray, Tamara L. Archaeological Survey in Northern Highland Ecuador: Inca Imperialism and the Pas Caranqui, World Archaeology, 24:2 (Oct. 1992), 218-233.

Utilizes field data to examine the processes of Inca imperialism in the northern highlands. The relative absence of trade goods in Inca period sites implies that the Incas may have sought to transform the local organization of production by stressing conformity with the imperial model inasmuch as the economic organization of the Pas Caranqui before its occupation by the Incas emphasized long-distance exchange as one of the primary means of obtaining desired extra-local goods. Also published in Spanish as: Los Incas en el norte del Ecuador: estrategias de incorporacin y control en la frontera imperial, Memoria, MARKA, 3 (1993), 167-187. 741. Brothwell, Don; and Richard Burleigh. The Human Cranium from Punin, Ecuador: With Particular Reference to Morphology and Dating, Journal of Archaeological Science, 7:1 (Mar. 1980), 97-99. 742. Brothwell, Don; and Richard Burleigh. On Sinking Otavalo Man, Journal of Archaeological Science, 4:3 (Sept. 1977), 291-294. Ecuador has its Piltdown Man too. But Punin Man is not a fake and may in fact be quite old, at least for the Americas. 743. Bruhns, Karen Olsen. Intercambio entre la costa y la sierra en el formativo tardo: nuevas evidencias del Azuay, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 57-74. Drawing on her field work at Pirincay, Bruhns demonstrates that trade in luxury items and the raw materials for the production of those items between the coast, the highlands, and the Upper Amazon Basin was an integral part of the local economy by the Late Formative. 744. Bruhns, Karen Olsen. Prehispanic Weaving and Spinning Implements from Southern Ecuador, Textile Museum Journal, 27-28 (1988-1989), 70-77. 745. Bruhns, Karen Olsen. Los talleres de cristal de roca de Pirincay, Provincia del Azuay, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 91-100. 746. Bruhns, Karen Olsen; and Norman Hammond. A Reply to Damp, Journal of Field Archaeology, 11:4 (Winter 1984), 428-429. See item 806. 747. Bruhns, Karen Olsen; and Norman Hammond. A Visit to Valdivia, Journal of Field Archaeology, 10:4 (Winter 1983), 485-487. 748. Bruhns, Karen Olsen; James H. Burton; and George R. Miller. Excavations at Pirincay in the Paute Valley of Southern Ecuador, 1985-1988, Antiquity, 64:243 (June 1990), 221-233. See also item 912. 749. Buchwald, Otto von; and Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. Notas acerca de la arqueologa del Guayas, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:3 (oct./nov. 1918), 237-252. 750. Buitrn, Anbal. Reconocimiento arqueolgico del alto Ecuador austral, Boletn

de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 153-173. Preliminary report on work of the Institute of Andean Research project in southern Ecuador (1941-1942). 751. Burger, Richard L.; Frank Asaro; and Helen V. Michel. The Sources of Obsidian for Artifacts from Chobshi Cave, Ecuador, Andean Past, 2 (1989), 33-38. Apparently the occupants of Chobshi Cave in the southern highlands of Ecuador obtained [the] obsidian [they worked] directly or indirectly from two primary sources in the Ilalo [sic] region of the northern highlands. See also items 828, 961, and 1020. 752. Burgos Guevara, Hugo. El guaman, el puma y el amaru: formacin estructural del gobierno indgena del Ecuador, versin ampliada y mejorada. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1995. 383 p. An ethnohistorical study of the political system and history of the Incas in what would become Ecuador and of the role of the descendants of Atahualpa during the colonial period in what the author refers to as the cacicazgo incaico. Revised version of authors 1975 doctoral thesis (v, 353 leaves; University of Illinois) and a somewhat different interpretation of political and social developments on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Burgos Guevara argues that the Chinchasuyu Incas were on the verge of establishing a new or second empire, centered on Quito and Tomebamba and that Atahualpa was el primer gobernador de lo que podra llamarse el estado nativo moderno ... His contention, however, is nothing more or less than a restatement of the traditional Reino de Quito thesis, albeit somewhat modified. 753. Bushnell, G.H.S. An Archaeological Collection from Macas, on the Eastern Slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes, Man, 46:2 (Jan./Feb. 1946), 2-6. 754. Bushnell, G.H.S. The Archaeology of the Santa Elena Peninsula in South-West Ecuador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951. xiv, 154 p. A report on the Guangala, Engoroy, and Manteo cultures. Based on field work, conducted in the 1930s. 755. Bushnell, G.H.S. Semejanzas y relaciones entre Mesoamrica, el Ecuador y el Per: unas observaciones en la cultura, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 37-40. 756. Buys, Jozef E.; and Victoria Dominguez. Arqueologa de Cumbaya, Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 75-95. 757. Buys, Jozef E.; and Victoria Dominguez. Excavaciones arqueolgicas en Cumbaya, Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 31-48. Items 756 and 757 are preliminary reports of field work on an agricultural settlement, apparently dating from the second century before the Christian era, approximately 10 km. east of Quito. The ceramics found indicate close contacts with coastal cultures like Jama-Coaque and La Tolita, probably linked to an exchange system that may have

involved obsidian and metal. 758. Byrd, Kathleen Mary. Changing Animal Utilization Patterns and Their Implications: Southwest Ecuador (6500 B.C.-A.D. 1400) 1976. viii, 155 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida. 759. Cabada, Juan Jos. Elementos de adorno personal en la cultura material de Atacames, Esmeraldas (Ecuador), Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 97-112. 760. Cadena, A.; and Jean-Franois Bouchard. Las figurillas zoomorfas de cermica del litoral pacfico ecuatorial, regin de La Tolita, Ecuador, y de Tumaco, Colombia, Bulletin de lInstitut franais detudes andines, 9:3/4 (1980), 49-68. 761. Caillavet, Chantal. La adaptacin de la dominacin incaica a las sociedades autctonas de la frontera septentrional del imperio: (territorio Otavalo, Ecuador), Revista andina, 3:6 (dic. 1985), 403-423. 762. Caillavet, Chantal. Les chefferies prhispaniques du nord de lEquateur: formes dhabitat et organisation territoriale, Bulletn de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 18:2 (1988), 41-59. Analyzes a 1582 tributary lists to determine probable population size and distribution and organization by chiefdoms prior to the Spanish conquest. Also published in Spanish as: Las jefeturas prehispnicas del norte del Ecuador: formas de hbitat y organizacin territorial, Memoria, MARKA, ao 2, no. 2 (nov. 1991), 1-25. 763. Caillavet, Chantal. Etnohistoria ecuatoriana: nuevos datos sobre el Otavalo prehispnico, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 109-127. 764. Caillavet, Chantal. Los grupos tnicos prehispnicos del sur del Ecuador segn las fuentes etnohistricas, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 127-158. Also published in French as: Les groupes etniques prhispaniques selon les sources ethnohistoriques, Loja prehispanique (item 1013), p. 289-1013. 765. Caillavet, Chantal. Toponimia histrica, arqueologa y formas prehispnicas de agricultura en la regin de Otavalo, Ecuador, Bulletn de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 12:3/4 (1983), 1-21. 766. Cameron, William R.; and William J. Meyer-Oakes. A Fluted Lanceolate Point from El Inga, Ecuador, awpa Pacha, 7/8 (1969/1970), 55-64. 767. Carluci, Mara Angelica. Antiguas tradiciones lticas del paleoindio ecuatoriano, Humanitas, 6:2 (1968), 51-67. 768. Carluci, Mara Angelica. El crneo de Otavalo: medidas y ubicacin racial, Memorias del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 250-258. 769. Carluci, Mara Angelica. La obsidiana y su importancia en la industria litica del

paleoindio ecuatoriano, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales, 11:94 (1961), 19-36. 770. Carluci, Mara Angelica. Puntas de proyectil: tipos, tcnicas y areas de distribucin en el Ecuador andino, Humanitas, 4:1 (1963), 5-56. 771. Carluci, Mara Angelica. Recientes investigaciones arqueolgicas en la Isla de La Plata, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 33-65. 772. Carmichael, Elizabeth; Warwick Bray; and John Erikson. Informe preliminar de las investigaciones arqueolgicas en el rea de Minas, Ro Jubones, Ecuador, Revista de antropologa, 6 (jul. 1979), 130-142. 773. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. El camino del sol: historia de un reino desaparecido. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 372 p. 774. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. El fabuloso Reino de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 285 p. Items 773 and 774 are literary approaches to the prehispanic period. They incorporate popular legends and native traditions as well as observations of early European authors. 775. Carrera Coln, Juan. Las botellas de asa y pico de Cotocollao: discusin preliminar en torno a su origen y evolucin, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 4/5 (1986/1987), 51-61. Suggests several lines of evolution from bottle gourd prototype to stirrup spout and double spout vessels. 776. Cedeo Snchez, Jos Viliulfo. Lo sagrado y lo profano de la cultura mantea, Memorias del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 28-41. 777. Ciudad Ruiz, Andrs. Las cubiertas de incensario de la Propicia, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 11 (1981), 103-111. 778. Cochasqu: estudios arqueolgicos, (compilador) Udo Oberem. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 3 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 3-5) Consists of detailed reports on the field work undertaken at this major site, now a national park, in the 1960s and 1970s. See also item 861. 779. Cody, Bertha Parker. Gold Ornaments of Ecuador, Masterkey, 15:3 (May 1941), 87-95. 780. Cole, John Rice. Stone Tools from Ceramic Period Cultures of Southwest Ecuador. 1977. vii, 345 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. 781. Collier, Donald. The Archaeology of Ecuador, Handbook of South American Indians, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1946), p. 767-784. 782. Collier, Donald; and John V. Murra. Survey and Excavations in Southern Ecuador. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1943. 108 p.

Reports on field reconnaissance of Chimborazo, Caar, Azuay, and Loja, and site excavations in Caar. Also published in Spanish as: Reconocimiento y excavaciones en el Sur del Ecuador, revisin y coordinacin por Juan Cordero I., traduccin del ingls por Lucas Astudillo L. Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 165 p. 783. Coln de Carvajal, Anunciada; and Joaqun Meco. Anlisis de los materiales metacolgicos de La Propicia, Esmeraldas, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Socit international des amricanistes, 1979), p. 351-360. 784. Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (1: 1976: Ibarra, Ecuador) Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa: reunido en Ibarra, Ecuador, del 20 al 24 de septiembre de 1976. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1979. 268 p. 785. Corbett, John Maxwell. Some Unusual Ceramics from Esmeraldas, Ecuador, American Antiquity, 19:2 (Oct. 1953), 145-152. 786. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Las culturas originales y el incario: captulo de una interpretacin social del arte ecuatoriano, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 193-246. 787. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Ingapirca y Tomebamba: gua de los complejos arqueolgicos y museos = Arqueological [sic] Sites and Museums Guide = Guide des sites archologiques et museums. Cuenca: Monsalve Moreno Ca. Ltda., [1993]. 69 p. In Spanish, English, and French. Versin ampliada de Caaris e Incas. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 30 p. See also: Cordero Iiguez, Juan; and Antonio Fresco Gonzlez. Nueva imagen de Ingapirca. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 95 p. 788. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. El Azuay histrico: los Caaris y los Inco-Caaris. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1981. 146 p. Reprint; originally published: Cuenca, 1926. See also following item. 789. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. El quechua y el caari: contribucin para la historia precuencana de las provincias azuayas. Cuenca: Concejo Municipal, 1924. xvi, vi, 335 p. 790. Crdova Jaramillo, Diana E. Petroglifos, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 124-128. 791. Crespo Toral, Hernn, Nacimiento y evolucin de la botella silbato, Humanitas (Quito), 6:1 (1966), 66-87. 792. Crespo Toral, Hernn, Queros ecuatorianos, Humanitas (Quito), 7:1 (19691970), 7-34. 793. Cueva Jaramillo, Juan. El arte de la metalurgia en el Ecuador prehispnico, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970) 217-231. 794. Cueva Jaramillo, Juan. Descubrimientos arqueolgicos en Ingapirca, Revista

de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 215-226. 795. Cueva Jaramillo, Juan; and Albert Meyers. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en Ingapirca, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 4/5 (1986/1987), 73-91. Items 794 and 795 report results of the authorss 1970 field work. 796. La Cultura Tiaone, por Miguel Rivera Dorado [et al.]. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Direccin General de Relaciones Culturales, 1984. 383 p. (Memorias de la Misin Arqueolgica Espaola en el Ecuador; 4) 797. Currie, Elizabeth J. Prehistory of the Southern Manabi Coast, Ecuador: Lopez Viejo. Oxford: Tempvs Reparatvm, 1995. iii, 64 p. (BAR International Series; 618) Detailed report on authors excavations in 1992 and 1993 of a production rea for luxury ornaments, that in all likelihood contributed to the long-distance trade in which the seafaring league of Manteo merchants engaged up and down the Pacific coast from Mexico through Peru. 798. Chase, Thomas. Restos faunicos, in Karen E. Stothert, La prehistoria temprana de la Pennsula de Santa Elena, Ecuador (item 1235), p. 171-178. 799. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. En tierra caari: las armas de cobre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 29:74 (jul./dic. 1949), 250-254. 800. Christensen, Ross T. An Archaeological Study of the Illescas-Jubones Coast of Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador. 1956. xxvi, 416 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Arizona. Presents the results of the first scientific excavations in the Province of El Oro. 801. Christensen, Ross T. A Recent Excavation in Southern Coastal Ecuador, Bulletin of the University Archaeological Society, 5 (Oct. 1954), 30-54. Also published in Spanish as: Una excavacin reciente en la costa meridional del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 5:13/14 (ago. 1955), 83-92. The Spanish version includes an evaluation by Olaf Holm of Christensens findings and interpretations (p. 91-92). 802. Damp, Jonathan E. Architecture of the Early Valdivia Village, American Antiquity, 49:3 (July 1984), 573-585. A report on authors study of the architecture of the early Valdivia village sites of Real Alto and Loma Alta. Household units from said sites exhibit domestic patterning in sleeping areas, cooking, tool working, cotton spinning, garbage disposal, and burial of the dead. 803. Damp, Jonathan E. La primera ocupacin Valdivia de Real Alto: patrones econmicos, arquitectnicos e ideolgicos. Guayaquil: Escuela Politcnica del Litoral, Centro de Estudios Arqueolgicos y Antropolgicos; Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 148 p. Publishes Damps Ph.D. thesis: Better Homes and Gardens: the Life and Death of the Early Valdivia Community. 1979. University of Calgary, Alberta.

804. Damp, Jonathan E. Environmental Variability, Agriculture, and Settlement Processes in Coastal Ecuador (3300-1500 B.C.), Current Anthropology, 25:1 (Feb. 1984), 106-111. 805. Damp, Jonathan E. Pretexto, contexto y falacias en la Isla de la Plata, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 109-121. A critique of Marcos and Nortons Interpretacin sobre la arqueologa de la Isla de la Plata (item 1033). 806. Damp, Jonathan E. Salvaging Sites and Specimens: To Fake or Not to Fake, Journal of Field Archaeology, 11:4 (Winter 1984), 427-428. Part of the exchange between Damp, on the one hand, and Bruhns and Hammond, on the other (see items 746 and 747). 807. Damp, Jonathan E.; Deborah M. Pearsall; and Lawrence T. Kaplan. Beans for Valdivia, Science, 212 (May 15,1981), 811-812. Also published in Spanish as: La evidencia agrcola en Valdivia temprano, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 49-53. 808. De Paepe, Paul; and Josef E. Buys. Anlisis mineralgico y qumico de la cermica procedente del sitio arqueolgico Jardn del Este, Cumbay, Provincia de Pichincha, Gaceta arqueolgica andina, 20 (1990), 5-18. See also item 1149. 809. DeBoer, Warren R. Traces behind the Esmeraldas Shore: Prehistory of the Santiago-Cayapas Region, Ecuador. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1996. xvii, 234 p. An eminently readable account of archaeological research on the rea inland from La Tolita. 810. Una Dcada de arqueologa en la ESPOL, Silvia G. Alvarez, editor. Guayaquil: Centro de Estudios Arqueolgicos y Antropolgicos, 1991. 1 v. in various paginations. 811. Di Capua, Constanza. Anlisis morfolgico y esttico de algunos fragmentos de la cultura Valdivia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 56:121 (ene./jul. 1973), 102-114. 812. Di Capua, Constanza. Consideraciones sobre una exposicin de sellos arqueolgicos, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1983-1984), 79-103. 813. Di Capua, Constanza. Shamn y jaguar, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 157-169. 814. Di Capua, Constanza. Valdivia Figurines and Puberty Rituals: an Hypothesis, Andean Past, 4 (1994), 229-279. 815. Dorsey, George Amos. Archaeological Investigations on the Island of La Plata, Ecuador. Chicago: Field Columbian Museum, 1901. p. 248-280. (Anthropological Series, Field Columbian Museum; vol. 2, no. 5)

Reports on the first archaeological work done on La Plata (1892). Dorsey found an Inca burial. The associated pottery are in the Field Museum of Natural History and have been restudied by Colin McEwan and Mara Isabel Silva (see item 1038). Reprinted: New York: Kraus, 1968. 816. Dorsinfang-Smets, A. Cramique de la province dEsmraldas, Muses royaux dart et dhistoire (Brussels), ser. 4, 21:1(jan. 1949), 87-90. 817. Drake, Robert J. Some Marine Shells Used by Prehistoric Indians in Ecuador, Nautilus, 65:4 (Apr. 1952), 120-122. 818. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Area septentrional andina oeste, formas de produccin concretas en la cultura Valdivia: el control racionalizado del manglar, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1983-1984), 7-22. 819. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Contribucin al conocimiento arqueolgico de la Provincia de Pichincha: sitios Chilibulo y Chillogallo, Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador (item 853), p. 181-225. 820. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Figurinas prehistricas de la Provincia de Pichincha, Revista de la Universidad Catlica (Quito), 3:10 (1975), 171-188. 821. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Glosario arqueolgico. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 343 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 1) 822. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en Tazones (Atacames, Esmeraldas), Segundo Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, p. 617-628. A working paper on results of field work at the Cueva del Duende and adjacent sites. The collected materials, mostly ceramic, pertain to the Jama-Coaque phase (500 B.C.500 D.C.). 823. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Localizaciones culturales del rea norandina del Ecuador, Cultura, 7:21 (ene./abr. 1985), 83-94. 824. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. Los primeros poblados, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 1, p. 181-222. A good review of the state of archaeological knowledge circa 1980 regarding the emergence of such early towns as Cotocollao in the northern highlands and of Tolita, Baha, and Coaque on the coast. 825. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. La vivienda prehispnica en los Andes septentrionales del Ecuador, Sarance, 14 (ago. 1990), 41-71. 826. Ecuador al rescate de su pasado = Ecuador regains its past. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores del Ecuador: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador; Washington, D.C.: Organizacin de los Estados Americanos, 1984. [52] p. In Spanish and English. Regarding the recovery in 1983 of 9,263 artifacts from an Italian collector. Includes an outline of the prehispanic period and representative examples of the pieces that had been illegally exported.

827. Ecuador indgena: estudios arqueolgicos y etnogrficos de la sierra norte, Vctor Pablo Echeverra A. [et al.], 2 ed. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; Quito: Abya Yala, 1988. 195 p. The second issue of Ecuador indgena. 828. Ecuadorian Obsidian Sources Used for Artifact Production, and Methods for Provenance Assignments, Frank Asaro [et al.], Latin American Antiquity, 5:3 (Sept. 1994), 257-277. See also its companion piece (item 961). 829. Edwards, Clinton R. Aboriginal Watercraft on the Pacific Coast of South America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965. x, 160 p. A major study of the balsa and other prehispanic seagoing vessels. 830. Erazo Vallejo, Marco T. Estudio petrogrfico de objetos arqueolgicos de las provincias australes del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 10:27 (1961), 113-126. 831. Errzuriz, Jaime. Tumaco-La Tolita: una cultura precolombina desconocida = An Unknown Precolumbian Culture. Bogot: Valencia Editores, 1980. 316 p. In Spanish and English. 832. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Los Cayambes y Carangues, siglos XV-XVI: el testimonio de la etnohistoria. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1983-1988. 3 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 61) A comprehensive study of the ethnic groups of the Cayambes and Carangues before the Inca and Spanish conquests, under the Incas, and subsequently the Spaniards. Based on the archaeological research of others (e.g., item 778) and on extensive archival research. 833. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. El curaca de los Cayambes y su sometimiento al imperio espaol, siglos XV y XVI, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 9:1/2 (1980), 89-119. 834. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Etnohistoria ecuatoriana: estudios y documentos, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 396 p. 835. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. Los mitmas huayacuntu en Quito o guarniciones para la represin armada: siglos XV y XVI, Revista del Museo Nacional (Lima), 41 (1975), 351-394. 836. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. El reino de los Chono, al este de Guayaquil, siglos XV y XVI: el testimonio de la arqueologa y la etnohistoria, Historia y cultura (Lima), 13/14 (1981), 7-60. 837. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. La vida pblica de un prncipe inca residente en Quito en los siglos XV y XVI, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 7:3/4 (1978), 1-31.

838. Estrada, Emilio. Arqueologa de Manab central. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1962. 205 p. Items 838-847 are the work of an amateur turned professional. They are based on considerable field work and more or less sound laboratory analysis. 839. Estrada, Emilio. Cronologa de la Cuenca del Guayas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 232-235. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 84-89. 840. Estrada, Emilio. Las culturas pre-clsicas, formativas o arcaicas del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1958. 113 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1975. 841. Estrada, Emilio. Ensayo preliminar sobre arqueologa del Milagro. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1954. 111 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979 842. Estrada, Emilio. Los Huancavilcas: ltimas civilizaciones pre-histricas de la costa del Guayas. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1957. 82 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979. 843. Estrada, Emilio. The Jambel Culture of South Coastal Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1964. 75 p. 844. Estrada, Emilio. Nuevos elementos en la cultura Valdivia: sus posibles contactos transpacficos. Quito: Sub-Comit Ecuatoriano de Antropologa, Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1961. 14 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979. 845. Estrada, Emilio. Prehistoria de Manab. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1957. 176 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979. 846. Estrada, Emilio. Ultimas civilizaciones prehistricas de la Cuenca del Ro Guayas. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1957. 87 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979. 847. Estrada, Emilio. Valdivia: un sitio arqueolgico formativo en la costa de la Provincia del Guayas, Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1956. 11 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1979. 848. Estrada, Emilio; and Clifford Evans. Cultural development in Ecuador, Aboriginal Cultural Development in Latin America: an Interpretative Review, edited by Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1963), p. 77-88.

849. Estrada, Emilio; and Betty J. Meggers. A Complex of Traits of Probable Transpacific Origin on the Coast of Ecuador, American Anthropologist, 63:5:1 (Oct. 1961), 913-939. 850. Estrada, Emilio; Betty J. Meggers; and Clifford Evans. The Jambeli Culture of South Coastal Ecuador, Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 115:3492 (1964), 483-558. 851. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. La invasin imaginaria, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 3-20. Argues against alleged Inca invasion of the central and southern coast and the incorporation of the littoral ethnic groups into the Tahuantinsuyu. 852. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Mito y nacionalidad, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 169-183. Argues against the existence of Velascos Reino de Quito. 853. Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador, Betty J. Meggers [et al.]. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arqueolgicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1977. 271 p. 854. Estudios sobre la arqueologa del Ecuador, editado por Udo Oberem. Bonn: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 1975. 129 p. 855. Evans, Clifford; and Betty J. Meggers. Archaeological Investigations on the Ro Napo, Eastern Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968. xvi, 127 p. + 94 p. of plates. Reports the results of field work conducted in 1956. 856. Evans, Clifford; and Betty J. Meggers. Cronologa relativa y absoluta en la costa del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 10:27 (1961), 147-152. 857. Evans, Clifford; and Betty J. Meggers. Preliminary Report on Archaeological Investigations in the Guayas Basin, Ecuador = Informe preliminar sobre las investigaciones arqueolgicas realizadas en la Cuenca del Guayas, Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:12 (dic. 1954), 307-336. In English and Spanish. 858. Evans, Clifford; and Betty J. Meggers. Tcnicas decorativas: diagnsticos y variantes regionales Chorrera, un anlisis preliminar, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 121-133. 859. Evans, Clifford; and Betty J. Meggers. Valdivia: An Early Formative Culture of Ecuador, Archaeology, 11:3 (Sept. 1958), 175-182. 860. Evans, Clifford; Betty J. Meggers; and Emilio Estrada. Cultura Valdivia. Guayaquil: Museo Vctor Emilio Estrada, 1959. 126 p. 861. Excavaciones en Cochasqui, Ecuador, 1964-1965, edicin de Udo Oberem y Wolfgang W. Wurster. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1989. 264 p.

An account of excavations undertaken to ascertain building materials, construction techniques, and coeval usage of monumental earth platforms at Cochasqui Site. Describes pottery (classified by vessel shape), worked stone, fauna, human remains, and miscellaneous artifacts in detail. The twenty-four C14 dates reported extend from AD 930 through 1560. See also item 779. 862. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. The Archaeological Survey of Ecuador, El Palacio, 47:6 (June 1940), 137-145. A report of the coeval state of archaeological research in and on the country. Also published in Spanish as: Investigacin arqueolgica en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 19:55 (ene./jun. 1940), 103-108. 863. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Characteristic Figurines from Esmeraldas, El Palacio, 52:11 (Nov. 1945), 221-245. Also published as a separate: Santa Fe, N.M.: School of American Research, 1945. 25 p. (School of American Research Papers; new ser., no. 40) 864. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. The Excavation at La Libertad, El Palacio (Santa F), 48:2 (Feb. 1941), 38-42. N.B. Ferdon was the second professionally trained archaeologist to undertake field work in the Peninsular of Santa Elena, Bushnell having been the first (see item 754). Also published in Spanish as: Excavaciones arqueolgicas cerca de La Libertad, Provincia del Guayas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1941), 74-81. 865. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Exploring Ecuadors Ro Upano, El Palacio, 59:8 (Aug. 1952), 223-250. 866. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Holocene Mangrove Formations on the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador: Pluvial Indicators of Ecological Response to Physiographic Changes, American Antiquity, 46:3 (July 1981), 619-626. Argues that there has been no major prehistoric climatic shift on the Peninsula for any extensive time since its occupation by man . . . 867. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Preliminary Notes on the Artefacts from La Libertad, Ecuador, El Palacio, 48 (1941), 204-210. 868. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Reconnaissance in Esmeraldas, El Palacio (Santa F), 47:12 (Dec. 1940), 257-272; 48:1 (Jan. 1941), 7-15. 869. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr.; and John Maxwell Corbett. Depsitos arqueolgicos de La Tolita, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 5-15. Summarizes the authorss work at La Tolita. 870. Feriz, Hans. Ecuador 1960: verslag van een archaeologische studiereis. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, 1960. 72 p. 871. Francisco, Alice E. An Archaeological Sequence From Carchi, Ecuador. 1969.

vi, 276 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Univeristy of California, Berkeley. The first scientific study of the archaeology of the northernmost province of the highlands. 872. Fresco Gonzlez, Antonio. La arqueologa de Ingapirca, Ecuador: costumbres funerarias, cermica y otros materiales. Cuenca: Comisin del Castillo de Ingapirca, Consejo de Gobierno del Museo Arqueolgico del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 203 p. Reports the results of the field work undertaken by the Misin Cientfica Espaola at Ingapirca in 1974 and 1975. 873. Fresco Gonzlez, Antonio. La red vial incaica en la sierra sur del Ecuador: algunos datos para su estudio, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 109-148. 874. Fresco Gonzlez, Antonio. El tambo incaico de paredones de Culebrillas, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 7 (nov. 1981), 137-143. 875. Fresco Gonzlez, Antonio; and Wania Cobo. Consideraciones etnohistricas acerca de una tumba de pozo y cmara de Ingapirca, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 8 (1978), 147-161. 876. La Frontera del estado Inca: actas, edited by Tom D. Dillehay and Patricia J. Netherly. Oxford, Eng.: B.A.R., 1988. 275 p. Papers presented at the 45th International Congress of Americanists (Bogot, 1985). 877. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn, Arqueologa del sombrero, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 42-45. 878. Galvn Garca, J.R.; and Mara Angeles Barriuso Prez. Estudio de las chaquiras de Atacames (Ecuador), Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 61-80. 879. Gardner, Judith S. Pre-Columbian Textiles from Ecuador: Conservation Procedures and Preliminary Study, Technology and Conservation, 4:1 (1979), 24-30. Also published in Spanish as: Textiles precolombinos del Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 9-23. 880. Gartelmann, Karl Dieter. Las huellas del jaguar: la arqueologa en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Impresora Mariscal, 1985. 399 p. A popular introduction to the prehistory of Ecuador. Emphasizes the coast. Also published in English as: Digging Up Prehistory: The Archaeology of Ecuador, 1st ed. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi, 1986. 395 p. 881. Gillin, John. An Urn from the Ro Aguarico, Eastern Ecuador, American Anthropologist, 38:3 (July/Sept. 1936), 469-470. 882. Goff, Linda Ann. An Art Historical and Archaeological Ceramic Analysis From the Ecuadorian Northern Highlands. 1980. 2 v. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University.

883. Gmez de la Torre Barba, Joaqun. Historia y tradiciones del Padre Anello Oliva S.J.: la leyenda de Quitumbe, personaje mtico de nuestra prehistoria, Quitumbe, 3:3 (1973 ), 133-143. 884. Gondard, Pierre. Inventario y organizacin del espacio precolombino en los Andes septentrionales del Ecuador, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 171-187. 885. Gondard, Pierre; and Freddy Lpez. Inventario arqueolgico preliminar de los Andes septentrionales del Ecuador. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 274 p. 886. Gonzlez C., Celiano E. Estudios arqueolgicos en el Cantn Zaruma, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales, 6:56 (ago./sept. 1953), 187-198; 6:57 (oct./nov. 1953), 303-313. Reports on investigation of stone ruins at Cerro de Tocto. 887. Gonzlez C., Celiano E. Petroglifos de la Provincia de El Oro: ensayo de estudio y comprensin. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1982. 107 p. 888. Gonzlez C., Celiano E. Reconocimientos arqueolgicos en el Cantn Zaruma, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 105-121. An interim report on authors field work. 889. Gonzlez de Merino, Juana. Culturas del formativo temprano en el Ecuador: nuevos elementos y su difusin a otras reas, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 122-129. 890. Gonzlez de Merino, Juana. Investigacin cientfica de arqueologa en el sitio Milagro 1, Cantn Milagro, Provincia del Guayas. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, 1984. 105 p. 891. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. La comunidad gentilicia y los rasgos de su descomposicin en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1979. 108 p. An essay on regional development cultures of Baha, Jama-Coaque, and Tolita. See also item 585. 892. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. La sociedad nmada y su transicin a la sedentaria en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1983. 53 p. An essay on the emergence of agriculturally based groups on the coast. 893. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Los aborgenes de Imbabura y del Carchi: investigaciones arqueolgicas sobre los antiguos pobladores de las Provincias del Carchi y de Imbabura en la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesiana, 1908. xiv, 145 p. + 1 atlas (41 plates). 894. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Advertencias para buscar, coleccionar y clasificar objetos arqueolgicos pertenecientes a los indgenas antiquos pobladores del territorio ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1914. xiv, 90 p.

895. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Estudio histrico sobre los Caaris: pobladores de la antigua Provincia del Azuay. Cuenca: Universidad del Azuay, 1965. 135 p. Reprint; originally published in 100 copies: Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1878. viii, 55 p. Also reprints Carlos Manuel Larreas Introduccin to the 1922 Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos edition (p. 11-47). The pioneering study of the archaeology of the Caaris and the first publication by an Ecuadorian national on the prehistory of Ecuador except of course for Juan de Velascos Historia del Reino de Quito (Quito, 1841-1844; 3 v.). Based on excursions to sites and library research. Notwithstanding the adulation accorded the archbishop-historian by Larrea and other national scholars,Our understanding of Ingapiraca was not made any clearer by . . . Gonzlez Surez . . . who seems to have changed his mind regarding the sites nature and purpose every time he visited it according to Barnes and Fleming (item 699). 896. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Notas arqueolgicas, y, Prehistoria ecuatoriana. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1967. 306 p. Reprint; originally published as separate monographs: Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1915 (vi, 212 p.); Quito: Ricardo Jaramillo, 1904 (vi, 88 p.) Also reprinted as: De prehistoria y de arqueologa. Cuenca: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1968. 207 p. In Notas arqueolgicas the archbishop-historian glosses and critiques Verneau and Rivets Ethnographie ancienne de lEquateur (item 1282). 897. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. La expedicin de Uhle a Guasmal, o sea, La protohistoria de Imbabura y Carchi. Quito: Edit. Chimborazo, 1937. 294 p. 898. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Nombres y pueblos de la antigua Provincia de Imbabura, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./abr. 1921), 33-70. 899. Grove, David C. The Meso-American Formative and South America, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 279-297. 900. Guevara, Daro. Exgesis de topnimos indgenas ecuatorianos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:124 (jul./dic. 1974), 274-298. 901. Guffroy, Jean. Les dbuts de la sdentarisation et de lagriculture dans les Andes mridionales de lEquateur, LAnthropologie, 91:4 (1987), 873-888. 902. Guffroy, Jean. Implantaciones humanas y ocupacin del espacio en la Provincia de Loja durante la poca prehispnica, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 579-591. 903. Guffroy, Jean. Inhumaciones tardias en la regin de Macar, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 99-108. Originally published as: Inhumations tardives dans la rgion de Macar Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 11:3/4 (jui./dc. 1982), 39-49. 904. Guffroy, Jean. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en el sur de la Provincia de Loja. Loja: Misin Arqueolgica Loja, [1981]. 50 p. Reports preliminary results of the French archaeological survey of southern Loja. For

more detailed results see items 901-903, 905, 906, and especially 1013. 905. Guffroy, Jean. El poblamiento de la Provincia de Loja durante el perodo formativo: datos e hiptesis, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 59-63. 906. Guffroy, Jean. Las tradiciones culturales formativas del Valle de Catamayo, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 65-72. Originally published as: Les traditions culturelles formatives de la valle de Catamayo, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 11:3/4 (jui./dc. 1982), 3-11. 907. Guignabaudet, Philippe. Nuevos descubrimientos arqueolgicos en las tolas de Huaraqu, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales, 6:56 (ago./sept. 1953), 168186. 908. Guinea Bueno, Mercedes. El formativo de la regin Sur de Esmeraldas: visto desde el yacimiento del Chvele, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 19-46. See also: Guinea Buenos El desarrollo espacial del poblado de Atacames, Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 24 (1994), 93111, in which she traces the development of prehispanic Atacames from a small, dispersed hamlet to a large town during the Integration period; and her: Subsistencia, ecologa y explotacin territorial en el poblado de Atacames, Ecuador, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 12 (1982), 131-155. 909. Guinea Bueno, Mercedes. Patrones de asentamiento en la arqueologa de Esmeraldas (Ecuador) Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Direccin General de Relaciones Culturales, 1984. 243 p. (Memorias de la Misin Arqueolgica Espaola en el Ecuador; 8) A detailed report on settlement patterns in what is now the Province of Esmeraldas. The majority, if not in fact all, of prehispanic towns and villages were found along rivers and the shoreline. Also examines the issues of population density and therefore size and the economic bases of the settlements studied. 910. Guinea Bueno, Mercedes. Relaciones comerciales en Esmeraldas como resultado del anlisis de las cermicas por difraccin de rayos X y microscopia electrnica, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 259-272. 911. Guinea Bueno, Mercedes. Valoracin de las evidencias de intercambio en la desembocadura del Ro Esmeraldas: el problema cronolgico, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 127-146. Maps and discusses the probable dating of various archaeological sites in the vicinity of the mouth of the Esmeraldas. 912. Hammond, Norman; and Karen Olsen Bruhns. The Paute Valley Project in Ecuador, 1984, Antiquity, 61:1 (Mar. 1987), 50-56. See also item 748.

913. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Arqueologa de Imbabura-Ecuador. Imbabura: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1979. 40 p. 914. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. El culto del agua en el Reino de Quito. Quito: Impr. La Favorita, 1974. 90 p. 915. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. El culto del sol y de la madre tierra en el Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1982), 186217. 916. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Mitos de origen del Reino de Quito, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 18 (1983), 76-93. 917. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Mitos y cultos del Reino de Quito. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1980. 446 p. 918. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Montaas sagradas del Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 115-142. 919. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Puruh: estudios arqueolgicos, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:2/3 (dic. 1951), 79-124; 2:6 (dic. 1952), 131-166; 3:9 (dic. 1953), 137166; 4:10/11 (ago. 1954), 103-155. 920. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Puruha, nacin guerrera. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1977. 300 p. 921. Hartmann, Roswith. La Exposicin Tesoros del Ecuador en Alemana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 129-144. Notwithstanding the title, an introduction to the history of archaeology in Ecuador. 922. Hartmann, Roswith. Mercados y ferias prehispnicas en el rea andina, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 214-235. 923. Hartmann, Roswith. El papel de los mitmas en el proceso de quechuizacin: el caso del Ecuador y la problemtica de las fuentes, Amrica indgena, 54:4 (oct./dic. 1994), 61-98. Utilizes historical materials to reconstruct the probable distribution of languages and ethnic groups in the highlands as altered by the Inca practice of population redistribution, on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Stresses that the extant sources are not as revealing as for other parts of the former Tahuantinsuyu and therefore not altogether conclusive. 924. Hartmann, Roswith; and Olaf Holm. La Romana en tiempos prehispnicos y su uso actual en la costa del Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 155-178. 925. Heras y Martnez, Csar Manuel. Balao: un enclave arqueolgico esmeraldeo, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 21 (1991), 77-119. Describes ceramics encountered at an integration period site. See also Heras y Martnezs La cermica de integracin de la costa nordecuatoriana: el caso

esmeraldeo, Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 24 (1994), 113-138. 926. Heras y Martnez, Csar Manuel; and Jess Adnez Pavn. Chimeneas cermicas: un rasgo cultural de significacin controvertida, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 147162. Reexamines the usage of ceramic chimneys on the coast. Suggests that they may have not have been tombs per se but utilized as drains in burial mounds. 927. Heyerdahl, Thor. Balsa Raft in Aboriginal Navigation off Peru and Ecuador, Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 11:3 (Autumn 1955), 251-264. 928. Heyerdahl, Thor; and Arne Skjolsvold. Archaeological Evidence of Pre-Spanish Visits to the Galapagos Islands. Salt Lake City: Society for American Archaeology, 1956. 71 p. Reprint; originally published in: American Antiquity, 22:2, pt. 3 (1956). Also reprinted: Millwood, N.Y.: Kraus Reprint, 1974; and: Oslo: Norwegian University Press, 1990. 107 p. 929. Hill, Betsy Dupois. A New Chronology of the Valdivia Ceramic Complex from the Coastal Zone of Guayas Province, Ecuador, awpa Pacha, 10/12 (1972/1974), 1-32. 930. Holland, Leicester Bodine. Note on Horns of Consecration, American Journal of Archaeology, 21:4 (Oct. 1917), 417-419. 931. Holm, Olaf. Cmara funeraria No. 5 Bellavista (Ecuador), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 12/13:28/29 (1962-1963), 129-157. 932. Holm, Olaf. Cortadura a piola: una tcnica prehistrica. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1969. 27 p. 933. Holm, Olaf. El cucharn: un utensilio domstico de la Cultura Mantea, Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9/10:25/26 (ene. 1959-dic. 1960), 121145. 934. Holm, Olaf. Cultura Mantea-Huancavilca. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca, 1982. 48 p. 935. Holm, Olaf. Cultura Milagro-Quevedo, 2 ed. rev. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca, 1983. 28 p. 936. Holm, Olaf. Dientes de tiburn: el utensilio prehistrico y un comentario folklrico. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1969. 22 p. 937. Holm, Olaf. Fuelles que son unos cautos. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1968. 30 p. 938. Holm, Olaf. Las Islas Galpagos en la prehistoria ecuatoriana, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1:2 (ene./mar. 1964), 25-39. 939. Holm, Olaf. Lanzas silvadoras, Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador (item 853), p. 71-88.

940. Holm, Olaf. Navegacin precolombina, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 16 (jul. 1994), 9-17. 941. Holm, Olaf. Navegacin precolombina I, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 1 (dic. 1986), 7-13. 942. Holm, Olaf. Navegacin precolombina II, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 2 (jun. 1987), 97-108. 943. Holm, Olaf. Navegacin precolombina III, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 3 (dic. 1987), 148-160. 944. Holm, Olaf. Los primeros hombres del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 40 p. 945. Holm, Olaf. Quipu o sapn: (un recurso mnemonico en el campo ecuatoriano), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 85-90. 946. Holm, Olaf. Quito, la ciudad poblada ms antigua del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 159-161. 947. Holm, Olaf. El tatuaje entre los aborgenes prepizarrinos de la costa ecuatoriana, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 3:7/8 (ago. 1953), 56-92. 948. Holm, Olaf. Torteras vs. toberas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2 poca, 45 (1991 [i.e., 1993]), 103-114. Regarding the use of molds in gold and silver casting. 949. Holm, Olaf. El uso prehistrico de la resina fsil, Revista de la Universidad Catlica (Guayaquil), 3:10 (nov. 1975), 65-73. 950. Hosler, Dorothy; Heather Lechtman; and Olaf Holm. Axe-Monies and Their Relatives. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1990. 103 p. See also item 1148. 951. Howell, Carol L. Daring to Deal With Huaqueros, Archaeology, 45:3 (May/June 1992), 56-58. 952. Huerta Rendn, Francisco. San Biritute, seor de Zacachn, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 5:13/14 (ago. 1955), 46-65. The unfortunate tale of an attempt at salvage archaeology. The statute of San Biritute would have been better off left where it was found and where it was far better cared for, in Zacachn (Peninsula of Santa Elena) 953. Hyams, Edward; and George Ordish. The Last of the Incas: the Rise and Fall of an American Empire. New York: Dorset Press, 1963. 294 p. A semi-scholarly account of the waxing and waning of the Tahuantinsuyu under Huayna Capac, Huascar, and Atahualpa. 954. Idrobo Urigen, Jaime. Panorama histrico de la arqueologa ecuatoriana.

Cuenca: [s.n.], 1990. 107 p. 955. Idrobo Urigen, Tarquino Anbal. Contribucin al conocimiento de la humanidad prehistrica del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 114 p. 956. Idrobo Urigen, Tarquino Anbal. Culebrillas: historia y arqueologa de una laguna sagrada, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 9 (1992), 93-111. Also published in: Memoria, MARKA, ao 2, no. 2 (nov. 1991), 107-126. 957. Idrobo Urigen, Tarquino. Tomebamba: primera fase de conquista en los Andes septentrionales, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 6 (1986), 49-70. 958. Iglesias, Angel Mara. Los aborgenes de Caar. Cuenca: El Carcter, 1964. 63 p. 959. Iglesias, Angel Mara. Los Caaris: aspectos histricos y culturales. Caar: Impr. Amrica, 1987. 156 p. 960. El Indio ecuatoriano: pasado ancestral y problemas de aculturacin. Valladolid: Seminario Americanista de la Universidad, 1980. 208 p. 961. An Initial Consideration of Obsidian Procurement and Exchange in Pre-Hispanic Ecuador, Richard L. Burger [et al.], Latin American Antiquity, 5:3 (Sept. 1994), 228255. See also its companion piece (item 828). 962. Isaacson, John S. Volcanic Activity and Human Occupation of the Northern Andes: the Application of Tephrostratigraphic Techniques to the Problem of Human Settlement in the Western Montaa during the Ecuadorian Formative. 1987. xvii, 432 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of Illinois, Urbana. 963. Jackson, Donald. Clasificacin morfo-funcional y anlisis de huellas de uso en un conjunto ltico del sitio arqueolgico de Salango, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 59-90. 964. Jaramillo P., Vctor Alejandro. Artesana ltica precolombina imbaburea, Sarance, 4 (jul. 1977), 46-54. Also published in: Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 259-268. 965. Jaramillo P., Vctor Alejandro. La cermica Imbaya, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 164-193. 966. Jaramillo P., Vctor Alejandro. Paleoltico y neoltico de Imbabura. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1982. 351 p. 967. Jaramillo Paredes, Mario. Estudio histrico sobre Ingapirca. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1976. 171 p.

Summarizes work done at and on Ingapirca in the1970s. 968. Jarrn A., Irma. Elementos comunes en Mesoamrica y en el rea andina, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 359-381. 969. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Antropologa prehispnica del Ecuador: Resumen. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1952. 412 p. Useful summary of Jijns archaeological contributions, especially his opus magnus El Ecuador interandino y occidental (item 972). Reprinted: Quito: Embajada de Espaa, Agencia Espaola de Cooperacin Internacional; Museo Jijn y Caamao, 1997. 387 p. 970. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Artefactos prehistricos del Guayas, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:3 (oct./dic. 1918), 253-275; 2:5 (mar./abr. 1919), 169. 971. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Contribucin al conocimiento de los aborgenes de la Provincia de Imbabura en la Repblica del Ecuador. Madrid: Impr. Blass, 1912. 351 p. 972. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. El Ecuador interandino y occidental antes de la conquista espaola. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1941-1947. 4 v. Although superseded by subsequent work to some extent, especially insofar as interpretation of the data is concerned, still a basic source on the archaeology of the highlands and the coast. Jijn y Caamao was the first Ecuadorian to attempt to establish successions of cultures and to publish the field data on which his conclusions were based. 973. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Nueva contribucin al conocimiento de los aborgenes de la Provincia de Imbabura. Madrid: Impr. Blass, 1919. 182 p. Also published in Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:10 (ene./feb. 1920), 1-120; 4:11 (mar./abr. 1920), 183-244. 974. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Una punta de jabalina en Puengas, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:2 (ago./sept. 1918), 109111. 975. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Puruh: contribucin al conocimiento de los aborgenes de la Provincia de Chimborazo de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1927. 2 v. Originally published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 3:6 (jul./ago. 1921), 1-60; 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 205-291; 6:15/17 (ene./jun. 1923), 32-66; 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 185-193; 9:24/26 (jul./dic. 1924), 267-406. 976. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. El tesoro del Itschimbia (Quito-Ecuador) London: J. Bale, Sons & Danielsson, [1912]. 19 p. 977. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Los tincullpas y notas acerca de la metalurgia de los aborgenes del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (jul./oct.

1920), 4-40. 978. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto; and Carlos Manuel Larrea. Un cementerio incasico en Quito y notas acerca de los Incas en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1918. 102 p. Reprinted from: Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico-Literaria, nueva ser., 20:58/59 (mar./abr. 1918), 159-260. 979. Kaddatz, Corinna. Kleidung und Schmuck im vorkolumbischen Esmeraldas. Bremen: Im Selbstverlang des Museums in Zusammenarbeit mit BAS, 1975. xi, 107 p. 980. Klepinger, Linda L. Paleodemography of the Valdivia III Phase at Real Alto, Ecuador, American Antiquity, 44:2 (Apr. 1979), 305-309. 981. Knapp, Gregory W. Ecologa cultural prehispnica del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 206 p. Based on authors doctoral dissertation (item 984). See also item 7689. 982. Knapp, Gregory W. El nicho ecolgico llanura hmeda, en la economa prehistrica de los Andes de altura, Sarance, 9 (1981), 83-96. 983. Knapp, Gregory W. Riego precolonial en la sierra norte, Ecuador debate, 14 (1987), 17-45. 984. Knapp, Gregory W. Soil, Slope, and Water in the Equatorial Andes: A Study in Prehistoric Agricultural Adaptation. 1984. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin at Madison. xvii, 377 leaves. 985. Knapp, Gregory W.; and David A. Preston. Evidence of Prehistoric Ditched Fields on Sloping Land in Northern Highland Ecuador, Prehispanic Agricultural Fields in the Central Andes, (item 1139), vol. 2, p. 403-424. 986. Knapp, Gregory W.; and Roy Ryder. Aspects of the Origin, Morphology, and Function of Ridged Fields in the Quito Altiplano, Ecuador, Drained Field Agriculture in Central and South America, edited by J.P. Darch (Oxford: B.A.R., 1983), p. 201-220. Also published in Spanish as: Aspectos del origen, morfologa y funcin de los camellones en el altiplano de Quito, Cultura, 8:23 (sept./dic. 1985), 205-222. 987. Landzuri N., Cristbal. Los curacazgos pastos prehispnicos: agricultura y comercio. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 229 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 13) An exceptionally detailed, well researched, and properly documented study of the economics of Pastos chiefdoms in what is now northern Ecuador. Based on several years of archival research in Ecuador, Colombia, and Spain. See also item 6177. 988. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. El sitio arqueolgico de Todos Santos, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 8 (ene. 1984), 138-152. 989. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. La cultura incsica del Ecuador: notas histricas y cronolgicas. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1965. 41

p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador) A useful compendium of what could be inferred about the Incas in the future Ecuador from the chronicles and other post-Spanish conquest sources and archaeological studies. 990. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El estudio sobre los Caaris, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:63 (ene./jun. 1947), 20-44. 991. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El misterio de las llamadas sillas de piedra de Manab, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:90 (jul./dic. 1957), 232-259. Concludes that what is now known to have been the stonework of the Baha and Manteo cultures may have been introduced by Mayan immigrants from southern Mexico and/or Central America. Reprinted in item 599. 992. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Nota acerca de dos objetos arqueolgicos de oro hallados en Imbabura, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:5 (mar./abr. 1919), 208-216. Of no importance then or now. Larrea based this piece on drawings of two gold objects found during the excavation of the much delayed rail line to Esmeraldas. Reprinted in item 599. 993. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Notas acerca de la arqueologa de la Provincia de Esmeraldas: contribuciones al conocimiento de los aborgenes de La Tola, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos , 3:7/8 (jul./oct. 1919), 85109. Consists of an introduction and what was a promising chapter one, Descripcin geogrfica de la Provincia de Esmeraldas of Larrea and Jacinto Jijn y Caamaos early twentieth-century studies of the archaeology of La Tolita. 994. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Notas sobre la antigedad del hombre en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 151-158. Review the findings at El Inga, according to which man had been in the highlands since at least 9,000 years before present. Reprinted in item 599. 995. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Prehistoria de la regin andina del Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1972. 207 p. A more or less solid survey of what was known and could be inferred by the late 1960s. It is important to note, however, that the author was an armchair, not a field scholar. 996. Lathrap, Donald W. Ancient Ecuador: Culture, Clay and Creativity, 3000-300 B.C. = El Ecuador antiguo: cultura, cermica y creatividad, 3000-300 a.c., text by Donald W. Lathrap; catalogue by Donald Collier and Helen Chandra. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1975. 110 p. Lathraps text is a major essay on the Formative cultures of the coast. Only the catalogue is in Spanish as well as English. 997. Lathrap, Donald W. The Upper Amazon. London: Thames and Hudson, 1970.

256 p. Drawing on many years of field work by himself, his spouse, and students as well as by others, Lathrap delineates the prehistory of the Upper Amazon Basin as divided between and disputed by Ecuador and Peru. Argues that the origins of Tropical Forest Culture were continental rather than Coastal and that Tropical Forest Culture had reached a reasonably high state of efficiency by 3000 B.C. and that therefore Valdivia represents a branch of Tropical Forest Culture which was rather early extruded from the Amazon Basin and which settled in a locality that offered easily worked agricultural lands and, secondarily, fairly rich marine resources to make up the protein deficiency-a thesis that he maintains and develops more fully in Ancient Ecuador (item 996). 998. Lathrap, Donald W.; Jorge G. Marcos; and James A. Zeidler. Real Alto: an Ancient Ceremonial Center, Archaeology, 30:1 (Jan. 1977), 2-13. 999. Le Gouhir Rodas, Jos Mara. Estudios de prehistoria ecuatoriana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 18:54 (jul./dic. 1939), 38-58; 19:55 (ene./jun. 1940), 68-102. Reviews limited fieldwork that had been done as of the 1930s and stresses the importance of colonial period accounts, especially the sixteenth-century chronicles, as sources in part one and defends Juan de Velascos thesis regarding the millenarian Kingdom of Quito in part two. 1000. Le Gouhir Rodas, Jos Mara. Tesis de prehistoria ecuatoriana, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 9 (dic. 1923), 436-452; 10 (ago. 1924), 1-20. 1001. Lecoq, Patrice. El perodo del desarrollo regional en el sur de la Provincia de Loja, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 73-88. Originally published as: La priode de dveloppement regional dans le Sud de la province de Loja, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 11:3/4 (jui./dc. 1982), 13-27. 1002. Ledergerber C., Paulina. Comparacin entre la cermica bruida Guangala (del Ecuador) y Nasca (del Per), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 291-360. 1003. Ledergerber C., Paulina. El origen de un cuarto de siglo de investigaciones sobre la cultura Valdivia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic 1982), 25-44. Reviews the history of excavations of Valdivia sites. Includes an excellent bibliography. 1004. Len, Luis A. La mujer indgena en la rgimen laboral incsico y colonial del Reino y de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Amrica indgena, 35:3 (jul./set. 1975), 539556. 1005. Len Borja, Dora. Prehistoria de la costa ecuatoriana, Anuario de estudios americanos, 21 (1964), 381-436. At the time of its publication an important synthesis of what was known and could be

surmised regarding the ethnic groups of the coast. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 22:1 (ene./marzo 1966), 33-84. 1006. El Levantamiento tectnico y el formativo temprano en los Andes septentrionales, Jonathan Damp [et al.], Gaceta arqueolgica andina, 17 (1990), 9-16. Maintains that Real Alto when occupied was adjacent to the shore and that therefore early Valdivia culture was marine oriented. See also item 1090. 1007. Lippi, Ronald D. Arqueologa de los Yumbos, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 189-207. 1008. Lippi, Ronald D. La arqueologa de los Yumbos: resultados de prospecciones en el Pichincha occidental, Etnohistoria e historia de las Amrica (Bogot: Ediciones Uniandes, 1988), p. 77-88. Items 1007 and 1008 are important statements as to the emerging prehistory of the Yumbos in Western Pichincha. Based on field work conducted in 1984 and 1985, they join the results of archaeology to the ethnohistorical work of Frank Salomon on the Yumbos (e.g., item 1191). 1009. Lippi, Ronald D. Paleotopography and Phosphate Analysis of a Buried Jungle Site in Ecuador, Journal of Field Archaeology, 15:1 (Spring 1988), 85-97. The site is that of Nambillo in the Province of Pichincha. 1010. Lippi, Ronald D. La Ponga and the Machalilla Phase of Coastal Ecuador. 1983. 534 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison. 1011. Lippi, Ronald D.; and Marco Surez Capello. Sondeos pedolgicos en Nambillo: un mtodo de prospeccin subterrnea, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 7-34. Nambillo is a Formative period site (Cotocallao Phase) in the Parish of Mindo, Province of Pichincha. 1012. Lippi, Ronald D.; Robert Mck. Bird; and David M. Stemper. Maz primitivo encontrado en La Ponga, en un contexto Machalilla, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 143-154. Concludes that two primitive varieties [of cultivated maize] were present on the coast of Ecuador by 1200 B.C. See also items 1023 and 1114. Also published in English as Maize Recovered at La Ponga, an Early Ecuadorian Site, American Antiquity, 49:1 (Jan. 1994), 118-124. 1013. Loja prehispanique: recherches archologiques dans les Andes meridionales de lEquateur, par J. Guffroy [et al.]. Paris: Editions Recherche sur les civilisations, 1987. 342 p. (Travaux de lInstitut franais dtudes andines; 32) Reports research conducted between 1979 and 1982 by members of the Institut franais dtudes andines and the Mission archeologique franaise de Loja, especially at the Vega Site. 1014. Loor, Wilfrido. Caras y shiris, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934),

191-206. 1015. Loor, Wilfrido. Los indios de Manab. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1937. 155 p. Based entirely on published materials. Accepts Max Uhles thesis that the migrant Mayas were responsible for the emergence of high cultures on the coast and Velascos Kingdom of Quito. Anachronistic in light of subsequent, mostly professional work. Republished in Loors Manab, prehistoria y conquista (item 6000). 1016. Lpez y Sebastin, Lornezo Eladio. Contribucin al estudio de las culturas formativas en la costa norte del Ecuador, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 47-60. 1017. Lpez y Sebastin, Lorenzo Eladio; and Chantal Caillavet. La fase Tachina en el contexto cultural del horizonte Chorrera, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 199215. 1018. Lozano Castro, Alfredo. Cuenca, ciudad prehispana: significado y forma, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Ciudad; Madrid: Centro de Investigacin Urbana y Arquitectura Andina, 1991. 227 p. Apparently a scholarly sound study of Inca Cuenca or Tomebamba. Of the pre-existing Caari settlement, only the name is known, Guapdondelic. 1019. Lubinsky, Earl H. Los cementerios de Anllulla: informe preliminar sobre una excavacin arqueolgica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 16-23. 1020. Lynch, Thomas F. Chobshi Cave in Retrospect, Andean Past, 2 (1989), 1-32. Concludes that the Chobshi Cave, a lithic industry site, represents an early stage in the diversification process or Archaic transition that followed the Paleo-Indian horizon. The results of the radiocarbon carbon tests, ranging from 8060 to 5585 B.C., agree with the point types recovered, although the occupation may have been . . . longer . . . 1021. Lynch, Thomas F.; and Susan Pollock. La arqueologa de la Cueva Negra de Chobshi, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 92-119. 1022. Lyon, Patricia J. Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: Where Is the Evidence?, awpa Pacha, 10/12 (1972-1974), 33-48. 1023. Maize Recovered at La Ponga, an Early Ecuadorian Site, Ronald D. Lippi [et al.], American Antiquity, 49:1 (Jan. 1984), 118-124. 1024. Marcos, Jorge G. The Ceremonial Precinct at Real Alto: Organization of Time and Space in Valdivia Society. 1978. iv, 554 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1025. Marcos, Jorge G. Cruising to Acapulco and Back with the Thorny Oyster Set: A Model for a Lineal Exchange System, Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 9:1/2 (Fall 1977/Spring 1978), 99-132. Also published in Spanish as: De ida y vuelta a Acapulco con mercaderes de mullu,

Arqueologa de la costa ecuatoriana: nuevos enfoques (item 684), p. 163-196. 1026. Marcos, Jorge G. Economa e ideologa en Andinoamrica septentrional, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 2, p. 167-188. A disappointingly brief and exceptionally disjointed chapter cobbled together from other better articulated and far more important works by Marcos himself. 1027. Marcos, Jorge G. La investigacin y enseanza de la arqueologa en el Ecuador, Amrica indgena, 40:2 (abr./jun. 1980), 329-339. 1028. Marcos, Jorge G. Los Morros, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas(item 660), p. 177-201. 1029. Marcos, Jorge G. El origen de la agricultura, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 1, p. 129-180. An excellent summary of what was known or could be inferred as of the early 1980s, regarding the origins of agriculture in Ecuador. Not surprisingly emphasizes the importance of cultures of the coast, especially that of Valdivia. 1030. Marcos, Jorge G. Puntas de proyectil bifaciales en la cultura Guangala, Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1970), 287-338. 1031. Marcos, Jorge G. Real Alto: la historia de un centro ceremonial Valdivia. Guayaquil: Escuela Politcnica del Litoral, Centro de Estudios Arqueolgicos y Antropolgicos; Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 2 v. Detailed report on more than two decades of field work at Real Alto, an early Formative Period site that was occupied for more than 3,000 years, from at least as early as 2,000 B.C. 1032. Marcos, Jorge G. Woven Textiles in a Late Valdivia Context (Ecuador), The Junius B. Bird Pre-Columbian Textile Conference : May 19th and 20th, 1973, Ann Pollard Rowe, Elizabeth P. Benson and Anne-Louise Schaffer, editors (Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1979), p. 19-26. Demonstrates that the ancient Valdivians wove cotton textiles at least as early as 3,000 years B.C. Also published in Spanish as: Tejidos hechos en telar en un contexto Valdivia tardo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 23:40 (1973), 163-184. 1033. Marcos, Jorge G.; and Presley Norton. Interpretacin sobre la arqueologa de la Isla de la Plata, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 136-154. A report on Marcos, Norton, and Colin McEwans 1978 excavations in which Inca materials were found. See also item 1038. 1034. Marotzke, Hans; and Francisca de Marotzke. Guayaquil y su variante cultural arqueolgica. Guayaquil: Publicaciones Arqueolgicas, 1970. 10 p. 1035. Masucci, Maria A. Marine Shell Bead Production and the Role of Domestic Craft Activities in the Economy of the Guangala Phase, Southwest Ecuador, Latin American Antiquity, 6:1 (Mar. 1995), 70-84.

1036. Mayer, Eugen Friedrich. Vorspanische Metalwaffen und Werkzeuge in Ecuador = Armas y herramientas de metal prehispnicas en Ecuador. Mainz am Rhein: P. von Zabern, 1992. x, 142 p. In German and Spanish Profusely illustrated. 1037. Mayer-Oakes, William. El Inga, a Paleo-Indian Site in the Sierra of Northern Ecuador. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1986. xiv, 235 p. (Transactions of the American Philosophical Society; vol. 76, pt. 4) 1038. McEwan, Colin; and Mara Isabel Silva. Que fueron a hacer los Incas en la costa central del Ecuador?, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 163-185. Argue that Inca burials and associated artifacts found on the island of La Plata, by Dorsey in 1892 (see item 815) and Jorge Marcos, Presley Norton, and McEwan in 1978 (item 1033), are indicative of the rites used by the Incas to demarcate the political and sacred incorporation of territory. Although the authors are convinced that there were Inca incursions into Manteo territory, they do not go so far as to argue that the Incas were successful in incorporating the central coast into the Tahuantinsuyu. 1039. McEwan, Gordon F.; and D. Bruce Dickson. Valdivia, Jomon Fishermen, and the Nature of the North Pacific: Some Nautical Problems with the Meggers, Evans, and Estradas (1965) Transoceanic Contact Thesis, American Antiquity, 43:3 (July 1978), 362-371. Challenges Meggers, Evans, and Estradas thesis that storm-tossed Jomon fishermen drifted across the North Pacific to the coast of Ecuador and introduced pottery-making at the Valdivia site as presented in items 849, 1042, and 1047. 1040. Meggers, Betty J. Did Japanese Fishermen Really Reach Ecuador 5000 Years Ago?, Early Man, 2:4 (Winter 1980), 15-19. 1041. Meggers, Betty J. Ecuador. London: Thames and Hudson, 1966. 220 p. At the time of its publication, an excellent introduction to the prehispanic period. Largely based on field work undertaken by the author, Clifford Evans (her late husband), and the late Emilio Estrada. 1042. Meggers, Betty J. El origen transpacfico de la cermica Valdivia: una revaluacin, Boletn del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino, 2 (1987), 9-31. See also Meggerss restatement of her and Evans thesis regarding the transpacific introduction of Valdivia ceramics from western Japan: Jomon-Valdivia Similarities: Convergence or Contact?, NEARA Journal, 27 (1992), 23-32. 1043. Meggers, Betty J.; and Clifford Evans. Comienzos de la produccin agrcola en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 320325. 1044. Meggers, Betty J.; and Clifford Evans. Early Formative Period Chronology of the Ecuadorian Coast: A Correction, American Antiquity, 42:2 (Apr. 1977), 266-267.

1045. Meggers, Betty J.; and Clifford Evans. Formative Period Cultures in the Guayas Basin, Coastal Ecuador, American Antiquity, 22:1 (Jan. 1957), 235-247. 1046. Meggers, Betty J.; and Clifford Evans. Machalilla Culture: An Early Formative Period Complex on the Ecuadorian Coast, American Antiquity, 28:4 (Oct. 1962), 186192. See also the response by Donald W. Lathrap in ibid., 29:4 (Oct. 1963), 239-241. 1047. Meggers, Betty J.; Clifford Evans; and Emilio Estrada. Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador: The Valdivia and Machalilla Phases. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. xix, 234 p. + 196 p. of plates. A comprehensive account of Estrada, Evans, and Meggerss major contributions to the study of the Formative period on the coast. 1048. Meja, Leonardo. La economa de la sociedad primitiva ecuatoriana, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 11-60. 1049. Mester, Ann M. Un taller manteo de la concha madre perla del sitio Los Frailes, Manab, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 101-111. See also Mesters doctoral dissertation: The Pearl Divers of Los Frailes: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Explorations of Sumptuary Good Trade and Cosmology in the North and Central Andes. 1990. xxiii, 558 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1050. Meyers, Albert. Die Inka in Ekuador. Bonn: Universitt Bonn, Seminar fr Vlkerkunde, 1976. 186 p. A doctoral dissertation on Inca influences in what would become Ecuador. 1051. Meyers, Thomas P. Evidence of Prehistoric Irrigation in Northern Ecuador, Journal of Field Archaeology, 1:3/4 (1974), 309-313. 1052. Meyers, Thomas P. Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador, American Antiquity, 41:3 (July 1976), 353-360. See also the exchanges between Betty J. Meggers, Clifford Evans, and Meyers in ibid., 42:2 (Apr. 1977), 266, and between J. Stephen Athens and Meyers in ibid., 43:3 (July 1978), 493-500. 1053. Meyers, Thomas P. Formative Period Occupations in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador: Rejoinder to Athens, American Antiquity, 43:3 (July 1978), 497-500. 1054. Meyers, Thomas P.; and Van A. Reidhead. Site Stratification in a Lacustrine Environment: Evidence from Highland Ecuador, Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 83 (1974), 65-73. 1055. Miller, George R.; and Anne L. Gill. Zooarchaeology at Pirincay: A Formative Period Site in Highland Ecuador, Journal of Field Archaeology, 17:1 (Spring, 1990), 4968. 1056. Mio Grijalva, Manuel. Algunos problemas arqueolgicos en la sierra norte del

Ecuador, Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador (item 853), p. 161-180. 1057. Molestina Zaldumbide, Mara del Carmen. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en la zona negativo del Carchi o Capul, Cultura, 7:21a (ene./abr. 1985), 31-82. 1058. Molestina Zaldumbide, Mara del Carmen. Tcnica utilizada en las vasijas funearias pertenecientes a la cultura negativa del Carchi en Cayambe, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 24-27. 1059. Molestina Zaldumbide, Mara del Carmen. Toctiuco, un sitio arqueolgico en las faldas de Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:122 (jul./dic. 1973), 124-152. 1060. Molina, Manuel Jess. Arqueologa ecuatoriana: los Caaris. Roma: LAS; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala 1992. 118 p. Primarily useful for illustrations of stone carvings from the collection of the late Father Crespi, many of which have turned out to be folk artifacts of the twentieth century. 1061. Moreno Mora, Manuel. El Reino preincaico de Quito, Amrica (Quito), 9:58 (nov./dic. 1934), 317-343. 1062. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Formaciones polticas tribales y seoros tnicos, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 2, p. 9-134. A pioneering effort to write the history of the prehispanic period from the beginnings of agriculture through the Spanish conquest. Draws on ethnohistorical sources as well as archaeological data. Well worth reading. 1063. Mothes, Patricia. La acequia del Pimampiro: riego tradicional en el norte del Ecuador, Ecuador debate, 14 (1987), 69-86. 1064. Munizaga, Juan R. Intentional Cranial Deformation in the Pre-Columbian Populations of Ecuador, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 45:3, pt. 2 (Nov. 1976), 687-694. 1065. Munizaga, Juan R. Skeletal Remains from Sites of Valdivia and Machalilla Phases, (in) Betty J. Meggers, Clifford Evans, and Emilio Estrada, Early Formative Period of Coastal Ecuador (item 1047), p. 219-234. 1066. Murra, John V. The Historic Tribes of Ecuador, Handbook of South American Indians, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethology, 1946), p. 785-822. 1067. Murra, John V. El trfico de mullu en la costa del Pacfico, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 265273. 1068. Muse, Michael C. Cronologa regional y relaciones de territorialidad en la regin oeste del rea septentrional andina, siglo XVI, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 187-197. Examines Manteo and Chono access to and control of resources.

1069. Muse, Michael C. Products and Politics of a Milagro Entrepot: Pen del Ro, Guayas Basin, Ecuador, Research in Economic Anthropology, 13 (1991), 269-323. 1070. Naranjo, Plutarco. Chamanaismo y poder en las culturas primitivas del Ecuador, Rituales y fiestas de las Amricas (Bogot: Ediciones Uniandes, 1988), p. 269-277. Reconstructs the history of the role of shamans, beginning with their apparent preeminence during the Formative period, through subordination to chiefs and priests on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Based on analysis of ceramic artifacts. 1071. Naranjo, Plutarco. Plantas alimenticias del Ecuador precolombino, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 63-82. 1072. Navegacin precolombina: el caso del litoral, Jos Alcina Franch [et al.], Revista espaola de antropologa americana, 17 (1987), 35-73. 1073. Neira, Ignacio. Algo sobre la cultura caari, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 80-84. 1074. Netherly, Patricia J. Wandering Shellfish: New Insights into Intra-Regional Distribution Networks from Southeastern Coastal Ecuador, Perspectives on Andean Prehistory and Protohistory: Papers from the Third Annual Northeast Conference on Andean Archaeology and Ethnohistory, edited by Daniel H. Sandweiss and D. Peter Kvietok (Ithaca, N.Y.: Latin American Studies Institute, Cornell University, 1986), p. 917. Preliminary report on the salvage program of survey and sample excavations undertaken within the impact rea of the Tahuin Dam (i.e., the middle Arenillas Valley, El Oro) during the late 1970s. 1075. Nicholson, H.B. On a Supposed Mesoamerican Thin Orange Vessel from Ecuador, American Antiquity, 19:2 (Oct. 1953), 164-166. 1076. Nojovich Ch., Hctor Omar. Nota crtica sobre Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas de Frank Salomon, Histrica (Lima), 15:2 (1991), 343-362. Attempts to apply Inca or Peruvian/Bolivian models to Ecuador. For Salomons response see: ibid., 359-362. 1077. Norton, Presley. Preliminary Observations on Loma Alta: An Early Valdivia Midden in Guayas Province, Ecuador, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 101-119. 1078. Norton, Presley. El seoro de Salangone y la liga de mercaderes, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 131143. 1079. Norton, Presley; Richard Lunnis; and Nigel Nayling. Excavaciones en Salango, Provincia de Manab, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 972. 1081. Nyberg, John Leroy. An Examination of Vessel Flutes from Pre-Hispanic

Cultures of Ecuador. 1974. 531 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota. 1082. Oberem, Udo. El acceso a recursos naturales de diferentes ecologas en la sierra ecuatoriana, siglo XVI, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976 (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1978), vol. 4, p. 51-64. The seminal article on the Ecuadorian model of utilization of different ecological zones in the highlands. Reprinted in item 607 and in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 191-208. 1083. Oberem, Udo. Algunos hallazgos arqueolgicos de la sierra ecuatoriana, inicios de posibles relaciones con Mesoamrica, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 341-347. 1084. Oberem, Udo. Aportes alemanes a la arqueologa del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 145-150. 1085. Oberem, Udo. Complejo de fortalezas en el rea andina, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 103-116. An introduction to an inadequately studied subject (as of July 1997) in Andean archaeology, forts in prehispanic Ecuador and Peru. See also item 1129. 1086. Oberem, Udo. La fortaleza de montaa de Quitoloma, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 196-205. 1087. Oberem, Udo. Montculos funerarios con pozo en Cochasqu, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 243-249. 1088. Oberem, Udo. El perodo incaico en el Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 2, p. 135-166. A superrior essay on the conquest of the future Ecuador by the Incas, of the incorporation of the highlands and their peoples into the Tahuantinsuyu, and of the major changes wrought by the Incas. 1089. Obsidian Bearing Lava Flows and Pre-Columbian Artifacts from the Ecuadorian Andes: First New Multidisciplinary Data, G. Bigazzi [et al.], Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 6:1/2 (1992), 21-32. 1090. On the Waterfront: Quaternary Environments and the Formative Occupation of Southwestern Ecuador, Jonathan E. Damp [et al.], Geoarchaeology: An International Journal, 5:2 (Apr. 1990), 171-185. Argues that coastal uplift rather than aridity, social conflict, or demographic pressure was responsible for the eventual abandonment of Real Alto. 1091. Ortiz, Cecilia. El problema del abastecimiento y sus mecanismos de solucin en la economa aborigen: caso Puruh, Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 15-20. 1092. Ortiz, Lenin. Pasado antiguo del Ecuador: evolucin social. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1981. 246 p. 1093. Ortiz de Villalba, Juan Santos. Antiguas culturas amaznicas ecuatorianas: fase

Napo 1188-1480 D.C. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Culturales de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, 1981. 78 p. 1094. Palop Martnez, Josefina. Los Cayapas en el siglo XVI, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 231-252. Also published in: Etnohistoria e historia de las Amricas (Bogot: Ediciones Uniandes, 1988), p. 61-76. 1095. Palop Martnez, Josefina. Territorio y sociedad entre los Cayapas del siglo XVI, Anuario de estudios americanos, 47 (1990), 65-94. An ethnohistorical analysis of the baptism lists of Friar Gaspar de Torres, who proselyted along the headwaters of the Mira, Mataje, Santiago, Cayapas, and Onzole Rivers in the 1590s. The Mercedarian baptized members of at least three, possibly four distinct ethnic groups, Cayapas, Malabas, and Lachas and Yambas according to Palop Martnez. 1096. Parducci Z., Resfa. Un sello excepcional, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 75-83. 1097. Parducci Z., Resfa. Sellos antropomorfos de Manab, Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 143-167. 1098. Parducci Z., Resfa. Sellos zoomorfos de Manab (Ecuador), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 12/13:28/29 (1962-1963), 123-128. 1099. Parducci Z., Resfa; and Ibrahim Parducci Z. Un sitio arqueolgico al norte de la Ciudad: fase Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1978), 57-154; 22:39 (1972), 97-185; 25:42 (1975), 155-284. An extensive report on field work done in 1966 and 1967 in the midden of San Pedro in the Sabana Grande, an rea of the port city long since built over. Apparently the site in question dates from the late Formative (circa 300 B.C.) and coincides with late Chorrera and early Guangala. 1100. Paredes, Domingo. Ecuador, ciencia y tecnologa precolonial, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Duende, 1989. 142 p. 1101. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Ecuador, de la prehistoria a la conquista espaola. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1979. 434 p. 1102. Parsons, James J. Ridged Fields in the Ro Guayas Valley, Ecuador, American Antiquity, 34:1 (Jan. 1969), 76-80. Authors initial report on the presence of ridged fields and planting platforms in the Guayas River Basin. Also published in Spanish as: Campos de cultivos prehistricos con camellones paralelos, en la Cuenca del Ro Guayas, Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 23:40 (1973), 185-202. 1103. Parsons, James J.; and Roy Shlemon. Nuevo informe sobre los campos

elevados prehistricos de la Cuenca del Guayas, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 31-37. Updates Parsonss 1969 article. Reports on additional field work undertaken in 1976, according to which the areas along the R. Guayas and R. Babahoyo where raised field agriculture was practiced were much more extensively than previously thought. Supported by aerial reconnaissance photography. 1104. Paulsen, Allison C. A Chronology of Guangala and Libertad Ceramics of the Santa Elena Peninsula in South Coastal Ecuador. 1970. x, 244 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. 1105. Paulsen, Allison C. Environment and Empire: Climatic Factors in Andean Culture Change, World Archaeology, 8:2 (Oct. 1976), 121-132. 1106. Paulsen, Allison C. Patterns of Maritime Trade Between South Coastal Ecuador and Western Mesoamerica, 1500 B.C.-A.D. 600, The Sea in the PreColumbian World: A Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, October 26th and 27th, 1974, Elizabeth P. Benson, editor (Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collections, 1977), p. 141-160. Reviews the archaeological evidence, especially ceramic, for maritime contact between Mexico, Central America, Ecuador, and Peru, the epicenters of which Paulsen maintains to have been, in sequential order, the Machalilla, Engoroy, and Guangala cultures. See also the appendix by Robert Sonin on The Processes Involved in the Production of Iridescent-Painted Pottery Found Archaeologically on the South Coast of Ecuador, (p. 161-162) and the ensuing discussion between Michael D. Coe and Paulsen and between Donald W. Lathrap and Paulsen (p. 163-166). 1107. Paulsen, Allison C. La secuencia de la cermica de Guangala de la Peninsula de Santa Elena y sus implicaciones para un contacto prehistrico entre el Ecuador y Amrica Central, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andinomesoamericanas (item 660), p. 203-210. Details the evidence regarding contact by sea between the Guangalans and the peoples of Guanacaste Province and Nicoya Peninsula in western Costa Rica between 100 B.C. and A.D. 600. 1108. Paulsen, Allison C. The Thorny Oyster and the Voice of God: Spondylus and Strombus in Andean Prehistory, American Antiquity, 39:4:pt. 1 (Oct. 1974), 597-607. 1109. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Las agrupaciones y lenguas indgenas del Ecuador, en 1500 y 1959, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:97 (ene./jun. 1961), 5-17. Also published as a separate: Estudios sobre prehistoria ecuatoriana: las agrupaciones y lenguas indgenas del Ecuador en 1500 y en 1959. Quito: Industrias Grficas Lyma, 1961. 46 p. See also items 4514-4517. 1110. Pearsall, Deborah M. Analysis of an Archaeological Maize Kernal Cache from Manabi Province, Ecuador, Economic Botany, 34:4 (Oct./Dec. 1980), 344-351.

Also published in Spanish as: Un anlisis del maz arqueolgico encontrado en la Provincia de Manab, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 91-99. 1111. Pearsall, Deborah M. La produccin de alimentos en Real Alto: la aplicacin de las tcnicas etnobotnicas al problema de la subsistencia en el perodo formativo ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Escuela Politcnica del Litoral, Centro de Estudios Arqueolgicos y Antropolgicos; Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 240 p. Publishes the authors doctoral dissertation: The Application of Ethnobotanical Techniques to the Problem of Subsistence in the Ecuadorian Formative. 1979. 280 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1112. Pearsall, Deborah M. Early Movements of Maize between Mesoamerica and South America, Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 9:1/2 (Fall 1977/Spring 1978), 41-75. 1113. Pearsall, Deborah M. Phytolith Analysis of Archaeological Soils: Evidence for Maize Cultivation in Formative Ecuador, Science, 199:4325 (13 Jan. 1978), 177-178. 1114. Pearsall, Deborah M. and Dolores R. Piperno. Antiquity of Maize Cultivation in Ecuador: Summary and Reevaluation of the Evidence, American Antiquity, 55:2 (Apr. 1990), 324-337. The authors maintain that there is sufficient evidence to demonstrate the presence of maize as a cultigen at Valdivia sites by at least 5,000 B.C. See also Pearsalls later article, Prehistoric Subsistence and Agricultural Evolution in the Jama River Valley, Manab Province, Ecuador, Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 20 (1992), 181-207, in which she reports on the presence of maize remains in Chorrera culture (1500-500 BC). 1115. Pearson, Richard. Migration from Japan to Ecuador: the Japanese Evidence, American Anthropologist, 70:1 (Feb. 1968), 85-86. 1116. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. El Reino de Quito. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 289 p. Reviews ethnographic and archaeological data and the chroniclers and early colonial sources in a less than convincing attempt to prove that Father Velasco was right, that there was a pre-Inca and therefore a prehispanic Kingdom of Quito. 1117. Prez T., Aquiles R. Los Caaris. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 501 p. Items 1117, 1118, 1120, and 1123-1126 constitute a series of detailed studies of preInca ethnic groups of the highlands. They also include considerable information on the post-conquest history of the groups in questions. Although richly detailed, they are difficult to read, given Prez T.s propensity to heap data upon data without adequate analysis and interpretation. Moreover, although he obviously did considerable archival research--in fact Prez T. was the first scholar to make extensive use of national repositories for the reconstruction of the history of indigenes in Ecuador--he was an autodidact in archaeology, history, and linguistics.

1118. Prez T., Aquiles R. Los Chimbus: Provincia de Bolvar. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 164 p. 1119. Prez T., Aquiles R. El complejo prehistrico de Cangahua, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 79:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 33-46. 1120. Prez T., Aquiles R. Contribucin al conocimiento de la prehistoria de los pueblos del norte del territorio de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1958. p. 243-406. (Llacta; ao 3, vol. 5-6) Archaeological, historical and linguistic study of the prehispanic peoples of the Province of Carchi. Published together with Piedad Peaherrera de Costales and Alfredo Costales Samaniegos Yunga an (item 6225) 1121. Prez T., Aquiles R. Contribucin al mejor conocimiento de los Caaris, Llacta, 2:3 (1957), 45-67. 1122. Prez T., Aquiles R. La minscula nacin de Nasacota Puento resiste la invasin de la gigantesca de Huaina Capac. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 20 p. 1123. Prez T., Aquiles R. Los Paltas: Provincia de Loja. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 254 p. 1124. Prez T., Aquiles R. Los Puruhuayes. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1969-1970. 2 v. A historical and linguistic study of ethnic groups in what is now the Province of Chimborazo. Not all of the groups in question were Puruhuay as Prez T. convincingly demonstrates. Whether the Caari and Jbaro languages had as much an impact on the Puruhuay language, for whatever reason(s), as he argues is another matter. Highly critical of the linguistic contributions of Jacinto Jijn y Caamao and Luis Telmo Paz y Mio, probably rightly so, not that Prez T.s studies are necessarily any sounder. 1125. Prez T., Aquiles R. Quitus y Caras. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1960. 2 v. (Llacta; nos 9-10) 1126. Prez T., Aquiles R. Los Seudo-Pantsaleos. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1962. 264 p. (Llacta; no 14) A linguistic, historical, and archaeological study of the prehistory of the Provinces of Cotopaxi and Tungurahua. Prez argues that the Pantsaleos are an invention of Jacinto Jijn y Caamao, Jos Mara Coba Robalino, Father Juan de Velasco, and Velascos sycophants, and that the original inhabitants of the Provinces of Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Tungurahua were Cayapas or Quitus and that subsequently they were absorbed by the Colorados or Caras, who were more civilized. 1127. Pino, Ins del. Tipologas arquitectnicas precolombinas en el Ecuador. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1981. 124 p. 1128. Piperno, Dolores R. Primer informe sobre los fitolitos de las plantas del OGSE-

80 y la evidencia del cultivo de maz en el Ecuador, (in) Karen E. Stothert, La prehistoria temprana de la Pennsula de Santa Elena, Ecuador (item 1235), p. 203-214. 1129. Plaza Schuller, Fernando. El complejo de fortalezas de Pambamarca: contribucin al estudio de la arquitectura militar prehispnica en la sierra norte del Ecuador. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1977. 53 p. A detailed study of 14 of 17 known prehispanic forts in the Province of Pichincha. 1130. Plaza Schuller, Fernando. La incursin Inca en el septentrin ecuatoriano: antecedentes arqueolgicos de la convulsiva situacin de contacto cultural. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1976. 130 p. 1131. Porras G., Pedro I. Arqueologa de la Cueva de los Tayos. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1978. 83 p. 1132. Porras G., Pedro I. Arqueologa de Quito: I fase, Cotocollao. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arqueolgicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 267 p. Only vol. published. 1133. Porras G., Pedro I. Arqueologa, Palenque, Los Ros, La Ponga, Guayas. Quito: Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arqueolgicas, PUCE, 1983. 238 p. 1134. Porras G., Pedro I. Arte rupestre del Alto Napo-Valle del Misagualli, Ecuador. Quito: Artes Grficas Seal, 1985. 345 p. 1135. Porras G., Pedro I. Contribucin al estudio de la arqueologa e historia de los Valles Quijos y Misagualli (Alto Napo) en la regin oriental del Ecuador. Quito: Editora Fnix, 1961. 172 p. 1136. Porras G., Pedro I. El Encanto-La Pun: un sitio insular de la fase Valdivida asociado a un conchero anular. Guayaquil: Ediciones Huancavilva, 1973. 167 p. 1137. Porras G., Pedro I. Fase Alaus, Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador (item 853), p. 89-160. 1138. Porras G., Pedro I. Fase Cosanga. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1975. 192 p. 1139. Porras G., Pedro I. Investigaciones arqueolgicas a las faldas del Sangay: tradicin Upano. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arqueolgicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1987. 432 p. 1140. Porras G., Pedro I. Manual de arqueologa ecuatoriana: nuestro ayer, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Arqueolgicas, 1987. vii, 326 p. A scholarly and comprehensive but out-of-date survey. Reworks authors earlier, several times revised Arqueologa del Ecuador,1 ed. (Quito: P.I. Porras G., 1980), which in turn was a rework of Ecuador prehistrico (Quito: Impr. y Ediciones Lexigrama, 1975), the latter coauthored with Luis Piana B. Also a by product of Porrass earlier, multiple edition Breves notas sobre arqueologa del Ecuador (e.g., 5a ed., corr. y aum.

[Quito: [s.n.], 1974]). 1141. Porras G., Pedro I. Paramentros incsicos en el casco colonial de Quito, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:2 (sept. 1983), 5-28. See also Porrass Reliquias incsicas en el casco colonial de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 67:143/144 (ene./dic. 1984), 19-41. Both of these essays make clear that there was a Inca Quito in and around the modern Plaza de la Independencia. Furthermore, it appears that the Palace of Atahualpa was located on the same site or in front of the Palacio de Gobierno. 1142. Porras G., Pedro I. Una plataforma convexa de lajas de esquisto, varias de estas esculpidas en forma de arabescos con motivos zoolgicos y asociados a cermica del Carchi y de Cosanga (Quijos) se descubre en Pimampiro, Provincia de Pichincha, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 22:39 (1972), 210-233. 1143. Porras G., Pedro I. Resea histrica de las investigaciones arqueolgicas en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 133-145. 1144. Porras G., Pedro I. Se realizan excavaciones en uno de los concheros ms grandes de Amrica, situado en Agua-Piedra, al norte de la isla la Pun, llamado por los pobladores El Encanto, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 210233. 1145. Porras G., Pedro I. Seriacin cermica de la fase de Cozanga, en el nororiente ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 238242. 1146. Porras G., Pedro I. Sitio Sangay A.: informe preliminar de la primera etapa. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1981. 144 p. 1147. Prehispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region: Proceedings, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, [edited by] William M. Denevan, Kent Mathewson, and Gregory W. Knapp. Oxford, Eng.: B.A.R., 1987. 2 v. Papers presented at the 45th International Congress of Americanists (Bogot, 1985). 1148. Prmers, Heiko. Zum Problem des Axtgeldess im Alten Peru, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opladen: Westdeutschler Verlag, 1990), p. 11-33. An essay on money-axes in Ecuador and Peru. Identifies five types for Ecuador. See also item 950. 1149. Quito antes de Benalczar. Quito: Centro Cultural Artes, 1988. 109 p. Summarizes archaeological data on Guayllabamba basin from Paleo-Indian through protohistoric times. Includes report on salvage archaeology at Jardn del Este, on which see also item 808. 1150. Raddatz, Corinna. Kleidung und Schmuck im vorkolumbischen Esmeraldas. Bremen: Im Selbstverlag des Museums in Zusammenarbeit mit BAS, 1975; Druck:

bersee-Museum Bremen, 1977. xi, 107 p. A well illustrated catalog of prehispanic ceramics from Esmeraldas and Manab in European collections and museums. 1151. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Herramientas de carpenteria de la Cultura MilagroQuevedo (costa ecuatoriana), Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 12 (feb. 1994), 246257. 1152. Raymond, J. Scott. Patrones de subsistencia durante el formativo temprano en el Valle de Valdivia, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 101108. 1153. Raymond, J. Scott; Jorge Marcos; and Donald W. Lathrap. Evidence of Early Formative Settlement in the Guayas Basin, Current Anthropology, 21:5 (Oct. 1980), 700-701. 1154. Real Alto: an Ancient Ceremonial Center, Donald W. Lathrap [et al.], Archaeology, 30:1 (Jan. 1977), 2-13. 1155. Reino Garcs, Pedro Arturo. Los Panzaleos: una visin histrico-lingstico. Ambato: Ediciones Universidad y Sociedad, 1988. 161 p. 1156. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. Excavaciones arqueolgicas en Chontamarca, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 1 (1969), 167-188. Chontamarca is a parish in the Canton of Caar. 1157. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. Horizonte precermico de Chopshi, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 232-251. Chopshi site is in the Canton of Sigsig, Province of Azuay. 1158. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. Periodico precermico de la costa ecuatoriana: bosquejo del periodo precermico de la Peninsula de Santa Elena. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1982. 42 p. Reprint; originally published: Cuenca: Colegio Nacional Manuela Garaicoa de Caldern, 1979. 35 p. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 7 (nov. 1981), 144175. 1159. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. El periodo precermico del Ecuador. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural, Universidad de Cuenca, 1993. 297 p. 1160. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. Punn y Chaln, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 4 (1973), 130-175. 1161. Reinoso Hermidia, Gustavo. Vestigios arqueolgicos en la regin occidental del Nudo del Azuay, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 227-248. 1162. Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina, editado por J.F. Bouchard and M. Guinea. Oxford, Eng.: B.A.R., 1989. iii, 258 p.

Papers presented at 46th International Congress of Americanists (Amsterdam, 1988). Those relating to Ecuador are listed and annotated separately here within. 1163. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Quito, culminacin y fin del Incario, Ecuador, 2 (jul. 1936), 5-12. 1164. Ribadeneira Altamirano, Jorge. Informe que el seor capitn Jorge A. Ribadeneira ... presenta ... sobre sus investigaciones geolgicas, realizadas en la Provincia de Esmeraldas y, especialmente, en la poblacin prehistrica La Tolita, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 16-27. 1165. Rivera Dorado, Miguel. Algunos rasgos mesoamericanos en la costa de Esmeraldas (Ecuador), Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 399-404. 1166. Rivera Dorado, Miguel. Arqueologa de Ingapirca, Ecuador: informe preliminar, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 83-98. Reports on the initial excavations undertaken by the Misin Arqueolgica Espaola headed by Jos Alcina Franch and the not altogether surprisingly sparse work of any importance previously undertaken. Does consider to have been significant, interestingly enough, Charles Marie de La Condamines write up of his 1739 visit, and the field work done by Juan Cueva Jaramillo in 1970 (see items 794 and 795). 1167. Rivera Dorado, Miguel. Arqueologa y etnohistoria de la costa norte del Ecuador, Revista de Indias, 38:153/154 (jul./dic. 1978), 547-562. 1168. Rivera Dorado, Miguel. Ensayo de tipologa de la cermica Tiaone, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 229-244. 1169. Rivet, Paul. Paul Rivet, 1876-1976: seleccin de estudios cientficos y biogrficos, [edicin de] Luis A. Len. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1977. 365 p. 1170. Robinson, Richard. The Palace of the Inca at Tomebamba, History Today, 44:1 (Jan. 1994), 62-63. 1171. Robinson Prez, Lillian. Middle American Mosaic Crossroads of Culture on Ecuadors Coast, Pacific Discovery, 8:5 (Sept./Oct. 1955), 16-25. 1172. Rojas C., J. Heriberto. El Castillo de Ingapirca = The Castle of Ingapirca, 2 ed. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1979. 182 p. In Spanish and English. 1173. Rojas C., J. Heriberto. Miscelnea de arqueologa caari = Caari Archaeological Miscelanea. Cuenca: Edit. Fondo de Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1988. 263, [8] p. In Spanish and English. 1174. Romero R., Alfonso; and Ricardo A. Muoz. Empleo de la termoluminiscencia

para la determinacin de edades en objetos cermicos ecuatorianos, Politcnica (Quito), 8:1 (1983), 123-148. 1175. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. El Ecuador en la Amrica prehispnica. Quito: Edit. Bolvar, 1933. 284 p. Apparently important nowadays only as a source for the study of the history of history in Ecuador. 1176. Salazar, Ernesto. Cazadores recolectores del antiguo Ecuador. Cuenca: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 100 p. 1177. Salazar, Ernesto. Chinchiloma: anlisis tipolgico del material de superficie, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 131-199. Analysis of burins and other lithic materials found at a paleolithic site near Quito. 1178. Salazar, Ernesto. Entre mitos y fbulas: el Ecuador aborigen, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995. 236 p. (Biblioteca general de cultura; 4) An outstanding survey of the prehispanic period from c. 10,000 B.C. through the eve of the Spanish conquest. Based on ethnohistorical as well as archaeological findings. Incorporates authors earlier Mitos de nuestro pasado (Quito: Museo del Banco Central, 1988; 87 p.). 1179. Salazar, Ernesto. El hombre temprano en el Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 1, p. 73-128. A solid survey of the paleolithic period. 1180. Salazar, Ernesto. El hombre temprano en la regin del Ilal, sierra del Ecuador. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1979. 112 p. 1181. Salazar, Ernesto. El intercambio de obsidiana en el Ecuador precolombino: perspectivas terico-metodolgicos, Arqueologa en Amrica Latina hoy, Gustavo Politis, ed. (Bogot: Fondo de Promocin de la Cultura, Banco Popular, 1992), p. 116131. 1182. Salazar, Ernesto. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en Mullumica (Provincia del Pichincha), Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 129-160. Report on excavations at the Cueva del Colibr (Mullumica Gorge) where obsidian was cut and worked. The cave is located in a natural outcrop of obsidian. 1183. Salazar, Ernesto. El proceso cultural en el Ecuador aborigen y en Amrica, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 1, p. 33-71. An introduction to the prehispanic period in Ecuador and throughout the Americas. 1184. Salazar, Ernesto. Talleres prehistricos en los altos Andes del Ecuador. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1980. 129 p. 1185. Salomon, Frank. Autobiografa de un mitmaj, Miscelnea antropolgica

ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 99-101. A review of Espinoza Sorianos Los mitmas huayacuntu en Quito (item 835), and a commentary on how to read some of the data there within contained. 1186. Salomon, Frank. Frontera aborigen y dualismo inca en el Ecuador prehispnico: pistas onomsticas, Arqueologa de las Amricas (Bogot: Fondo de Promocin de la Cultura, 1988), p. 87-102. See also: La poltica vertical en las fronteras del Tahuantinsuyu, Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 7-43. 1187. Salomon, Frank. Native Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: the Political Economy of North Andean Chiefdoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 274 p. A revision of his doctoral dissertation (item 1190). Pioneering ethnohistory of the northern and central highlands during the late 1400s and early 1500s. Mandatory reading. 1188. Salomon, Frank. A North Andean Status Trade Complex under Inka Rule, Ethnohistory, 34:1 (Winter 1987), 63-73. 1189. Salomon, Frank. Pochteca and Mindal: A Comparison of Long-Distance Traders in Ecuador and Mesoamerica, Journal of the Steward Anthropological Society, 9:1/2 (Fall 1977/Spring 1978), 231-246. 1190. Salomon, Frank. Los seores tnicos de Quito en la poca de los Incas Otavalo: Instituto Otaveleo de Antropologa, 1980. 370 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 10) Spanish version of Salomons doctoral dissertation. Originally presented as: Ethnic Lords of Quito in the Age of the Incas: the Political Economy of North-Andean Chiefdoms. 1978. Cornell University. 1191. Salomon, Frank; and Clark Erickson. Tulipe, un recinto sagrado en la montaa ecuatoriana, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1984), 57-78. 1192. Salomon, Frank; and Sue Grosboll. Names and Peoples in Incaic Quito: Retrieving Undocumented Historic Processes Through Anthroponymy and Statistics, American Anthropologist, 88:2 (June 1986), 387-399. Also published in Spanish as: Nombres y gente en el Quito incaico: recuperacin de un proceso histrico indocumentado a travs de la antroponima y la estadstica, Visita y numeracin de los pueblos del Valle de los Chillos, 1551-1559 (item 5435), p. 49-68. 1193. Salvador Lara, Jorge. La antigedad del hombre en el Ecuador segn los datos de la paleontologa, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 151-195. 1194. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Breve ensayo sobre paleobotnica ecuatoriana, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 88-104. 1195. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Los Caras segn la moderna arqueologa, Memoria del

primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 85-87. 1196. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Esquema para el estudio de la prehistoria del Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 26:1/2 (ene./jun. 1970), 157-166. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 230-237. 1197. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Nuevos datos sobre el problema de la antigedad del hombre en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 239-244. 1198. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Paleo-antropologa fsica de la regin andino-ecuatorial, Humanitas, 6:2 (1968), 5-50. Reviews and analyzes controversy surrounding the Paltacalo, Punn, and Alangas skulls. 1199. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Posibles referencias al formativo en leyendas aborgenes, Humanitas, 6:1 (1966), 199-220. 1200. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Quito en la prehistoria, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador (Quito), 1 (feb. 1972), 231-275. 1201. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Los restos humanos ms antiguos en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 182-201. 1202. San Andrs Tovar, Jos. Mi aporte a la arqueologa del Ecuador: expedicin y estudios en la regin litoral. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1951. 40 p. 1203. Snchez Montas, Emma. Las figurillas de Esmeraldas: tipologa y funcin. Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, 1981. 120 p. (Memorias de la Misin Arqueolgica Espaola en el Ecuador; 7) 1204. Snchez Montas, Emma. Precisiones sobre un estilo de figurillas del norte del Ecuador, Revista de Indias, 37:147/148 (ene./jun. 1977), 277-285. 1205. Snchez Montas, Emma. Quince aos de trabajos de la Misin Cientfica Espaola en el Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 59-62. 1206. Snchez Montas, Emma. Un tipo de placa ritual de la cultura TumacoTolita, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 273-281. 1207. Santiana, Antonio; and Mara Angelica Carlucci. El paleoindio en el Ecuador, Plan piloto del Ecuador: seccin de antropologa (Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1960), p. 1-61. Also published in: Humanitas, 3:2 (1962), 5-45. 1208. Santos Ortiz de Villalba, Juan. Antiguas culturas amaznicas ecuatorianas: fase Napo (1188-1480 d.c.) Pompeya: Centro de Investigaciones Culturales de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, 1981. 78 p.

1209. Sarma, Akkaraju Venkata Nagarjuna. The Cultural Implications of Upper Pleistocene and Holocene Ecology of Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. 1969. v, 211 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. 1210. Sarma, Akkaraju Venkata Nagarjuna. Holocene Paleoecology of South Coastal Ecuador, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 18 (1974), 93-134. 1211. Sarma, Akkaraju Venkata Nagarjuna; and Barry Bogin. Effects of Climatic Change Upon Pacific Coastal (Ecuador) Archaeological Cultures. Greeley: University of Northern Colorado, Museum of Anthropology, 1986. [33] leaves. 1212. Saville, Marshall Howard. The Antiquities of Manabi, Ecuador. New York: Irving Press, 1907-1910. 2 v. A comprehensive albeit considerably dated survey of the archaeology of Manab. 1213. Saville, Marshall Howard. The Gold Treasure of Sigsig, Ecuador. New York: Heye Foundation, 1924. 20 p. (Leaflets of the Museum of the American Indian; no. 3) 1214. Schvelzon, Daniel. Arqueologa y arquitectura del Ecuador prehispnico,1 ed. Mxico: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, 1981. 435 p. 1215. Schwarz, Frederock A.; and J. Scott Raymond. Formative Settlement Patters, in the Valdivia Valley, SW Coastal Ecuador, Journal of Field Archaeology, 23:2 (Summer 1996), 205-224. Focuses on the question of why ceremonial activities at old village sites (e.g., Valdivia itself, Loma Alta, and Real Alto) appear to have ceased at the end of the Formative period, while the population seemingly remained dispersed. 1216. Scott, David A.; and E. Doehme. Soldering with Gold Alloys in Ancient South America: Examination of Two Small Gold Studs from Ecuador, Archaeometry, 32:2 (Aug. 1990), 183-190. Also published in Spanish as La soldadura con aleaciones de oro en la Amrica antigua: un anlisis de dos pequeos adornos provenientes del Ecuador, Boletn del Museo del Oro, 29 (1990), 52-61. 1217. Serrano Iiguez, Gonzalo. Historia de las famosas huacas en la parroquia de Chordeleg, Revista de antropologa, 6 (jul. 1979), 145-153. 1218. Simmons, Michael Patrick. The Ceramic Sequence From La Carolina, Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador. 1970. xxv, 530 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Arizona. 1219. Spath, Carl David. The El Encanto Focus: a Post-Pleistecene Maritime Adaptation to Expanding Littoral Resources. 1980. xii, 245 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1220. Stahl, Peter W. Arid Landscapes and Environmental Transformations in Ancient Southwestern Ecuador, World Archaeology, 22:3 (Feb. 1991), 346-359. Regarding continuity and change in the environment of the Peninsula of Santa Elena during the early Formative period. Based on field work at Loma Alta, a Valdivia site.

1221. Stahl, Peter W. Hallucinatory Imagery and the Origin of Early South American Figurine Art, World Archaeology, 18:1 (June 1986), 134-150. Utilizes knowledge of contemporary practices of shamans to intepret figurines of the early Formative period from the coast of Ecuador. 1222. Stahl, Peter W. On Climate and Occupation of the Santa Elena Peninsula: Implications of Documents for Andean Prehistory, Current Anthropology, 25:3 (June 1984), 351-355. Includes a commentary by Allison C. Paulsen. 1223. Stahl, Peter W. Tropical Forest Cosmology: the Cultural Context of the Early Valdivia Occupations at Loma Alta. 1984. 327 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 1224. Stahl, Peter W.; and Presley Norton. Animales domsticos y las implicaciones del intercambio precolombino desde Salango, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 83-96. Presents evidence of domesticated forms of cavy or guinea pigs and possibly domesticated muscovy duck from a Guangala phase site in southern Manab. Authors believe that the guinea pigs originated as trade goods from Peru. Also published in English as: Precolumbian Animal Domesticates from Salango, Ecuador, American Antiquity, 52:2 (Apr. 1987), 382-391. 1225. Stahl, Peter W.; and James A. Zeidler. Differential Bone-Refuse Accumulation in Food-Preparation and Traffic Areas on an Early Ecuadorian House Floor, Latin American Antiquity, 1:2 (June 1990), 150-169. Based on field work at Real Alto Site, Valdivida Culture. 1226. Staller, John Edward. Late Valdivia Occupation in Southern Coastal El Oro Province, Ecuador: Excavations at the Early Formative Period (3500-1500 B.C.) Site of La Emergencia. 1994. xxii, 527 p. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Southern Methodist University. 1227. Stemper, David M. The Persistence of Prehispanic Chiefdoms on the Ro Daule, Coastal Ecuador = La persistencia de los cacicazgos prehispnicos en el Ro Daule, costa del Ecuador, Spanish translation by / traduccin al espaol por Juana Camacho. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology; Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1993. 212 p. In English and Spanish on facing pages. Detailed report of field work along the Daule. Analysis of ceramic remains from several sites suggest two phases: Silencio from c. 400 BC-250 AD; and Yumes, from c. 400-1600 AD, with chiefdoms emerging toward the beginning of the second phase. Raised fields, on the other hand, appear to have been in use by the beginning of the first phase. Stemper attributes their persistence to religious, economic, and military factors, in that order of importance. 1228. Stigler, Robert Leath, Jr. Negative Painted Pottery in South America. 1954. 181 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University.

1229. Stirling, Matthew Williams. New Culture in Ecuador: Seven Figurines Found at Tachina, Archaeology, 16:3 (Sept. 1963), 170-175. 1230. Stothert, Karen E. Early Economies of Coastal Ecuador and the Foundation of Andean Civilization, Andean Past, 3 (1992), 43-54. Concludes that the foundations of Ecuadorian civilization were not supported by a diet centered on food from the sea, but maritime trading did play a very salient role in the evolution of their civilization, and the ancient Ecuadorians became preeminent maritime sailors late in prehistory. 1231. Stothert, Karen E. The Early Prehistory of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador: Continuities between the Preceramic and Ceramic Cultures, Actas del XLI Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Mxico: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia, 1976), vol. 2, p. 88-98. 1232. Stothert, Karen E. The Lithic Technology of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador: A Method for the Analysis of Technologically Simple Stonework. 1974. 340 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University. 1233. Stothert, Karen E. The Preceramic Las Vegas Culture of Coastal Ecuador, American Antiquity, 50:3 (July 1985), 613-637. Summarizes the excavation of the Vega type site (OGSE-80), and treats the analysis and interpretation of Las Vegas floral and faunal remains, burial and settlement patterns, paleo-environment, and culture history. Based on five years of field research, conducted between 1977 and 1982. 1234. Stothert, Karen E. La prehistoria temprana de la Peninsula de Santa Elena, Ecuador: una interpretacin preliminar, Vnculos, 5:2 (1979), 73-87. 1235. Stothert, Karen E. La prehistoria temprana de la Peninsula de Santa Elena: Cultura Las Vegas. Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 271 p. An in-depth study of the oldest known culture in Ecuador (10,800-6,600 B.P.) The people of Las Vegas were hunters, fishermen, and gatherers. Includes contributions by Thomas Chase (item 798), Dolores R. Piperno (item 1128), Douglas H. Ubelaker (see item 1250), and Elizabeth S. Wing (item 1292) 1236. Stothert, Karen E. Review of the Early Preceramic Complexes of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador, American Antiquity, 48:1 (Jan. 1983), 122-127. Maintains that the only securely defined [preceramic] cultural complex from southwest Ecuador is Las Vegas. In other words, that more in-depth research does not support the other sites defined by Edward P. Lanning in an apparently unpublished 1967 report as late Pleistocene and early post-Pleistocene. For a more detailed report of Stotherts findings see item 1233. 1237. Stothert, Karen E. Un sitio de Guangala temprano en el suroeste del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1993. 112 p. (i.e., p. 399)

Reports on field work conducted in a habitation site adjacent to Valdivia. The ceramics, burials, and subsistence remains found suggest that social stratification was still minimal. Published together with: Douglas H. Ubelaker. Restos humanos esquelticos de OGSE-MA-172, un sitio Guangala temprano en la costa del Ecuador (item 1251) 1238. Sullivan , Louis R.; and Milo Hellman. El crneo de Punn, Anales de la Universidad Central, 60:304 (1938), 729-742. 1239. Szszdi, Adm. Las rutas del comercio prehispnico de los metales Cuadernos prehispnicos, 9/10 (1982/1983), 5-131. An ethnohistorical study of prehispanic trade in precious metals, gem stones, and other valuable commodities such as spondylus between western South America and the Antilles. 1240. Szszdi, Adm; and Dora Len Borja. Atavo, joyas y adornos de los pueblos balseros: estudio etnohistrico, Cuadernos prehispnicos (Valladolid), 8 (1980), 5-52. 1241. Szszdi, Adm; and Dora Len Borja. Localizacin del pueblo aborigen de Guayaquil, Cuadernos prehispnicos (Valladolid), 3 (1975), 5-18. 1242. Temme, Mathilde. Excavaciones en el sitio precermico de Cubiln (Ecuador), Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 135-164. 1243. Tolstoy, Paul; and Warren R. DeBoer. An Archaeological Sequence for the Santiago-Cayapas River Basin: Esmeraldas, Ecuador, Journal of Field Archaeology, 16:3 (Fall, 1989), 295-308. 1244. Turner, Christy G. Dental Caries and Early Ecuadorian Agriculture, American Antiquity, 43:4 (Oct. 1978), 694-697. 1245. Turolla, Pino. Beyond the Andes: My Search for the Origins of Pre-Inca Civilization. New York: Harper & Row, 1980. xix, 364 p. Tales, some tall, of an amateur archaeologist who made several trips to Ecuador between 1966 and 1972, in search of artifacts and adventure. 1246. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Alteraciones dentales en el Ecuador prehistrico, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 89-94. 1247. Ubelaker, Douglas H. The Ayalan Cemetery: A Late Integration Period Burial Site on the South Coast of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1981. 175 p. 1248. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Drilled Human Teeth from the Coast of Ecuador, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 67:2 (June 1977), 83-85. Also published in Spanish as: Dientes humanos taladrados de la costa ecuatoriana, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 95-98. 1249. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Human Skeletal Remains from OGSE-46, La Libertad, Guayas Province, Ecuador, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 78:1

(Mar. 1988), 3-16. 1250. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Human Skeletal Remains from OGSE-80, a Preceramic Site on the Sta. Elena Peninsula, Coastal Ecuador, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 70:1 (Mar. 1980), 13-24. Also published in Spanish as: Restos de esqueletos humanos del sitio OGSE-80, in Karen E. Stothert, La Prehistoria temprana de la Peninsula de Santa Elena, Ecuador (item 1235), p. 105-132. 1251. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Human Skeletal Remains from OGSE-172, an Early Guangala Cemetery Site on the Coast of Ecuador, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences,7 3:1 ( Mar. 1983), 16-27. Also published in Spanish as: Restos humanos esquelticos de OGSE-MA-172, un sitio Guangala temprano en la costa del Ecuador (Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1993), p. 99-112. The Spanish version was published together with Karen E. Stothert, Un sitio de Guangala temprano (item 1237). 1252. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Prehistoric Human Biology at La Tolita, Ecuador: A Preliminary Report, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 78:1 (Mar. 1988), 23-37. 1253. Ubelaker, Douglas H. A Preliminary Report of Analysis of Human Remains from Agua Blanca: A Prehistoric Late Integration Site from Coastal Ecuador, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 78:1 (Mar. 1988), 17-22. 1254. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Skeletal Biology of Prehistoric Ecuador: An Ongoing Research Program, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 78:1 (Mar. 1988), 1-2. 1255. Ubelaker, Douglas H. Skeletal Evidence for Kneeling in Prehistoric Ecuador, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 51:4 (Nov. 1979), 679-685. Based on results of his excavation of the cemetery at Ayaln. Also published in Spanish as: Evidencia esqueltica de postura arrodillada en el Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 35-46. 1256. Uhle, Max. Antiguas civilizaciones de Manta, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 12:33/35 (ene./jun. 1931), 5-72. 1257. Uhle, Max. [Las antiguas civilizaciones del Per y Ecuador] Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 13:36/39 (ene./jun. 1936), 7-12. Excerpts from Uhles alleged Las antiguas civilizaciones del Per y Ecuador con relacin a la arqueologa e historia del continente americano ([Berlin?], 1935), a work I have not been able to verify, but he is known to have published Die alten Kulturen Pers im Hinblick auf die Archologie und Geschichte des amerikanischen Kontinents that year (Berlin: W. Ssserott, 1935; 50 p.). 1258. Uhle, Max. Las antiguas civilizaciones esmeraldeas, Anales de la Universidad Central, 38:259 (ene./mar. 1927), 107-136.

1259. Uhle, Max. Estado actual de la prehistoria ecuatoriana, prlogo de Carlos Manuel Larrea. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 75 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Tall. Tip. Grf. Nacionales, 1929. 48 p. 1260. Uhle, Max. Estudio sobre las civilizaciones del Carchi e Imbabura. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1933. 62 p. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad Central, 50:284 (abr./jun. 1933), 351-410. 1261. Uhle, Max. Estudios esmeraldeos, Anales de la Universidad Central, 39:262 (oct./dic. 1927), 219-279. Reports on the field work he conducted. In this and other publications, Uhle appears to have been incapable of accepting local or regional developments as having occurred independently. In item 1260, for example, he argues that the ceramics he found at La Tolita were of Toltec origin. 1262. Uhle, Max. Influencias mayas en el alto Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 4:10/11 (mar./jun. 1922), 205-240; 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 1-3. Uhle was convinced that the Mayas were responsible for the majority of developments in the highlands prior to their conquest by the Incas either directly through migration from Central America or indirectly through cultural diffusion. 1263. Uhle, Max. El Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 10:27/29 (ene./mayo 1930), 1-17. 1264. Uhle, Max. Las ruinas de Cochasqui, Revista del Museo Nacional de Lima, 6 (1937), 86-91. Maintains that the mounds and other ruins at this site were Inca in origin, an interpretation that has long since been superseded and supplanted (see item 779). Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 18:54 (jul./dic. 1939), 514. 1265. Uhle, Max. Las ruinas de Tomebamba: conferencia leda en el Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos del Azuay. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin de Julio Senz Rebollendo, 1923. 12 p. 1266. Uhle, Max. Sepulturas ricas de oro en la Provincia del Azuay, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 4:9 (ene./feb. 1922), 108-114. 1267. Uribe, Mara Victoria. La estratificacin social entre los Protopasto, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 211218. 1268. Usera Mata, Luis de. Ensayo de tipologa de la cermica de Balao, Esmeraldas, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 217-227. 1269. Uzctegui Andrade, Byron. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en Achupallas, Estudios arqueolgicos: Antillas y tierras bajas de Sudamrica, Ecuador (item 853), p. 227-257.

1270. Valdez, Francisco. La evolucin demogrfica en los manglares de la costa noroeste del Ecuador en los perodos formativo y de desarrollo regional, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 593-610. 1271. Valdez, Francisco. Investigaciones arqueolgicas en La Tolita (Esmeraldas), Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 81107. 1272. Valdez, Francisco. Proyecto arqueolgico La Tolita, 1983-1986. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador Fondo Arqueolgico del Museo Guillermo Prez Chiriboga, 1987. 89 p. Useful, well illustrated synthesis of chronology and characteristics of classic and late La Tolita. 1273. Vargas, Jos Mara. Las huacas y los huaqueros en el Caar, Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 135-144. 1274. Vsquez Fuller, Csar. La antigedad del hombre en Otavalo, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 204229. 1275. Vega Toral, Toms. El Castillo de Ingapirca: monografa histrica, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 14 (nov. 1928), 87-99; 15 (nov. 1929), 43-100. 1276. Vega Toral, Toms. La Tomebamba de los Incas. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1921. 21 p. 1277. Velasco C., Raquel Guadalupe. Breve informacin sobre Punn, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 88-91. 1278. Velsquez, Csar Vicente. El Reino de Quito en tiempo de Atahualpa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1980. 131 p. 1279. Vlez V., Carlos R. Las grandes divisiones de la prehistoria ecuatoriana, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 1 (1969), 102-116. 1280. Vliz Litardo, Jaime. Sumpa: proyeccin csmica del cholo. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986. 116 p. 1281. Vliz Mendoza, Angel. El cacique Guayaquile: el pueblo y el ro de su nombre, culturas de la poca a la llegada de los conquistadores espaoles. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1990. 65 p. 1282. Verneau, Ren; and Paul Rivet. Ethnographie ancienne de lEquateur. Paris: Ministre de lInstruction Publique, 1912-1922. 2 v. (Mission du Service gographie de lArme pour la mesure dun arc de mridien quatorial en Amrique du Sud sour le controle scientifique de lAcadmie des sciences, 1899-1906; t. 6, fasc. 1 & 2) The first professional attempt to reconstruct the prehistory of Ecuador. 1283. Villalba O., Marcelo. Cotocollao, una aldea formativa del valle de Quito. Quito:

Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. xxv, 571, [62] p. 1284. Villegas Domnguez, Rodrigo. La cultura de las tolas, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 92-105. 1285. Villegas Domnguez, Rodrigo. Investigaciones prehistricas, Revista de la Casa de la Cultura (Ibarra), 10:9 (mayo 1964), 28-38. 1286. Viteri Gamboa, Julio. Importancia de la arqueologa ecuatoriana para la prehistoria de Amrica, Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 784), p. 198-201. 1287. Viteri Gamboa, Julio; and Adolfo Hctor Venturini. Influencia de las culturas formativas del Ecuador en la regin N.O. Argentina. Guayaquil: Escuela Politcnica del Litoral, 1981. 22 p. 1288. Volland, Martin. Los Punaes: una jefatura del perodo tardo de integracin, Relaciones interculturales en el rea ecuatorial del Pacfico durante la poca precolombina (item 1162), p. 247-258. An ethnohistorical study that delineates and clarifies multiple aspects of the nature of the complex, apparently prosperous and populous chiefdom of Pun on the eve of the Spanish conquest. Among the more interesting of Vollands conclusions is that the Incas imposed a commercial blockade on Pun, at least during the early 1500s, in order to weaken and isolate what was still an independent polity. 1289. Wellmann, Klaus F. ber Felsbilder in Ecuador, Almogaren, 9/10 (1978/1979), 225-235. 1290. Wiener, Charles. Les Indiens Colorados et les sige de pierre de la rgion de Manab, Revue dethnographie, 1 (1882), 454-458. 1291. Wiley, Gordon R. Ecuadorean Figurines and the Ceramic Mold in the New World, American Antiquity, 13:3 (July 1947), 85-86. 1292. Wing, Elizabeth S. Dusicyon Sechurae en contextos arqueolgicos tempranos, (in) Karen E. Stothert, La Prehistoria temprana de la Pennsula de Santa Elena, Ecuador (item 1235), p. 179-185. 1293. Zeidler, James A. Environment, Cultural Chronology, and Prehistoric Subsistence in the Jama River Valley = Medio ambiente, cronologa cultural y subsistencia prehistrica en el Valle del Ro Jama. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Anthropology; Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse Luemern, 1994. xxiii, 224 p. (Regional Archaeology in Northern Manabi, Ecuador = Arqueologa regional del norte de Manab, Ecuador, edited by James A. Zeidler, Deborah M. Pearsall; vol. 1) Reports the stratigraphic, ceramic, sediment, and botanical evidence that bear witness to the occupation of the Jama River Valley from late Valdivia (i.e., circa 3620 BC) through the present. 1294. Zeidler, James A. La etnoarqueologa de una vivienda Achuar y sus

implicaciones arqueolgicas, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 155193. 1295. Zeidler, James A. Feline Imagery, Stone Mortars, and Formative Period Interaction Spheres in the Northern Andean Area, Journal of Latin American Lore, 14:2 (Winter 1988), 243-283. 1296. Zeidler, James A. Social Space in Valdivia Society: Community Plan and Domestic Structure at the Real Alto Site, 3000-2000 B.C. 1984. 724 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois, Urbana. 1297. Zeller, Richard. Los sellos de la cultura Guangala, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 12/13:28/29 (1962-1963), 67-78. 1298. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. La agricultura en el formativo temprano del Ecuador (Cultura Valdivia) Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1971. 32 p. Argues that the existence of habitation sites distant from the shore and the presence of grinding stones, female figurines, and incised and punctuate decoration resembling a maize plant indicate the presence of maize agriculture during the early Formative period on the coast, a hypothesis that was subsequently verified by a number of other archaeologists. 1299. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. Cmaras funerarias del cerro Bellavista. Guayaquil: Sub-Comit Ecuatoriano de Antropologa, 1961. 17 p. Reports on archaeological investigations made by the author in shaft tombs in the Bellavista hills, Guayas Province, between Guayaquil and Santa Elena peninsula near the modern town of Simn Bolvar. The shaft tombs consist of a vertical entrance with an antechamber, similar to those found in the highlands around Quito and in Colombia. 1300. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. Estudio regional de la orfebrera precolombina de Ecuador y su posible relacin con las areas vecinas, Revista del Museo Nacional de la Historia (Lima), 34 (1965-1966), 68-81. Discusses metallurgical techniques employed on the coast, especially by the Milagro culture of the Guayas River Basin. 1301. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. La gran navegacin prehispnica en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Comisin Permanente para la Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, 1987. 190 p. Reviews evidence on maritime trade between what are now Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Panama, the Central American countries, and Mexico. 1302. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. La mutilacin dentaria en el antiguo Ecuador, Actas del primer Simposio de Correlaciones Antropolgicas Andino-mesoamericanas (item 660), p. 233-257. 1303. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos. Orfebrera prehistrica del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 209-215.

An illustrated article on prehispanic gold artifacts in the Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo del Guayas collection. 1304. Zevallos Menndez, Carlos; and Olaf Holm. Excavaciones arqueolgicas en San Pablo: informe preliminar. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1960. 42 p. Describes results of excavations at the site of San Pablo, an excellent example of the Valdivia Culture. Some new styles of pottery figurines were found, in addition to complete shell fish hooks and the tools used to make them. Includes 29 pages of excellent illustrations. In addition to items 1298-1304, see Zevallos Menndezs posthumously published Nuestras races huancavilcas (Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1995; 455 p.), an anthology that brings together his studies on the archaeology of the coast, especially of the Valdivia, Mantea, and Huancavilca cultures. 1305. Zilkowski, Mariusz S.; and Robert M. Sadowski. Investigaciones arqueoastronmicas en el sitio de Ingapirca, Prov. de Caar, Ecuador, Rivista di archeologia, 9 (1989), 151-167. Identifies calendrical-astronomical functions, focusing on the June solstice, in three of the structures at Ingapirca. See also the authorss La arqueoastronoma en las investigaciones de las culturas andinas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1992. 378 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 9)

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY

PERIODO HISPANICO LA CONQUISTA ESPAOLA Y LAS GUERRAS CIVILES As of the late 1990s, the Spanish conquest of what would become--not what had been-the Kingdom of Quito and the subsequent civil wars between the conquistadores had not been well treated insofar as the future Ecuador per se is concerned. The most extensive account was that of Luis Andrade Reimers (item 1307), but what Andrade Reimers did was to rework older studies such as Jacinto Jijn y Caamaos well documented Sebastin de Benalczar (item 3298) and published sources such as the Libros de cabildos de Quito (item 7034) without adding anything appreciably new in the way of interpretation or approach. Much more important was John Hemmings brief but insightful account of The Conquest of Quito in his The Conquest of the Incas (item 1322). There are no chronicles of the conquest period specific to Ecuador. A number of the early chroniclers, however, treat the Spanish subjugation and initial exploitation of the northern part of the Tahuantinsuyu. With a few exceptions, there is no need to list them here, given Teodoro Hampe Martnezs, Philip Ainsworth Meanss, and Ral Porras Barrenecheas outstanding guides to and studies thereof (items 92, 258, and 275). Furthermore, Robert E. Norris devoted a section to the chronicles in item 150 (p. 36-42) as did Ruben Vargas Ugarte in item 434. See also J. Roberto Pezs well edited Crnicas coloniales (item 1318) and Horacio Larran Barross Cronistas de raigumbre indgena (item 1319). There were only a few relevant published sources on the conquest and the civil wars, apart from the chronicles. The most important are items 1309, 1316, and 1331, and the probanzas or relaciones de mritos of conquistadores published in the Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas (items 1323 and 1332-1335).

1306. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. El ocaso de los conquistadores. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1934. 28 p. Reprinted from: Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 49-76. 1307. Andrade Reimers, Luis. La conquista espaola de Quito. Quito: Concejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1981. 444 p. A more or less traditional account, based on the usual published sources. See also item 684.

1308. Andrade Reimers, Luis. Hacia la verdadera historia de Atahualpa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 392 p. A critique of accounts and studies of the capture of Atahualpa and a not altogether successful attempt to produce a realistic and modern reconstruction of what happened at Cajamarca. Furthermore, Atahualpa as portrayed by Andrade Reimers ceases to be historical and become a mythical hero, flawed only by his blind trust in others, being himself totally trustworthy. 1309. Aporte documental a la captura de Rumiahui: copia tomada de su original del Archivo Central del Cauca, por Luis Enrique Ubidia Rubio, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./dic. 1951), 5-42. Publishes the relaciones de mritos of Miguel de la Chica and Rodrigo de Villalobos, two of the conquistadores who participated in the defeat and capture of the Inca war leader Rumiahui. 1310. Avellaneda Navas, Jos Ignacio. La expedicin de Sebastin de Belalczar al Mar del Norte y su llegada al Nuevo Reino de Granada. Bogot: Banco de la Repblica, 1992. 252 p. Largely given over to: Biografas de los compaeros de Belalczar (p. 23-191). 1311. Barrera B., Jaime. Tiempo y ritmo de la aventura: estampa del fabuloso conquistador Sebastin de Benlcazar. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1940. 44 p. 1312. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. La batalla de Iaquito, 18 de enero de 1546 Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 132-138. Abstracts and quotes extensively from Pedro Gutirrez de Santa Claras eye witness account of the Battle of Iaquito. 1313. Benzoni, Girolamo. La historia del Mondo Nuovo: relatos de su viaje por el Ecuador, 1547-1550, traducida por primera vez en lengua castellana por Carlos Radicati di Primaglio, autor igualmente de la introduccin y de las notas, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. iv, 135 p. An exceptionally important account of the conquest and colonization of the coast by an early Italian traveler who spent several years in the future Ecuador and came to know many of its places and peoples. Benzoni spent some months in and around Portoviejo, for example. Includes an excellent introductory essay. Benzoni also traveled extensively elsewhere in the Americas. Originally published in Italian as: La historia del Mondo Nuovo (Venice: Francesco Rampazetto, 1565; 175 leaves). Available in a number of modern editions and several languages (e.g., Historia del Nuevo Mundo Madrid: Alianza Edit., 1989 ed. 350 p.) 1314. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. La Audiencia de Quito: colofn de una guerra de cien aos, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 22:1 (ene./mar. 1966), 9-32. An essay on the significance of the turbulent years from the civil wars of the Incas

through the pacification of Quito and the Perus by La Gasca. Cevallos Garca maintains that it was during those years that the future Ecuador was forged and following the Spanish conquest, when Quito emerged as the dominant as well as the predominant city of the country in the making. Reprinted in the authors Temas histricos ecuatorianos (item 217), vol. 1, p. 289-318. 1315. Cieza de Len, Pedro de. Obras completas, edicin crtica, notas, comentarios e indices, estudios y documentos adicionales de Carmelo Senz de Santa Mara. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Instituto Gonzalo Fernndez de Oviedo, 1984-1985. 3 v. An excellent edition of the basic Crnica del Per. Cieza de Len spent several years in Quito and the Perus (1547-1551). He took copious notes and interviewed numerous countrymen, Incas, and other natives. Contents: vol. 1, La crnica del Per; Las guerras civiles peruanas; vol. 2, Las guerras civiles peruanas; vol. 3, Estudio biobibliogrfico: Cieza de Len, su persona y su obra. Another outstanding edition is that of the Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per, Fondo Editorial, and the Academia Nacional de Historia: Crnica del Per. Primera parte, introduccin de Franklin Pease G.Y., notas de Miguel Maticorena E., 2a ed. cor. (1986); Segunda parte, edicin, prlogo y notas de Francesca Cant (1986); Tercera parte, edicin, prlogo y notas de Francesca Cant (1989). 1316. Coleccin de documentos inditos relativos al adelantado Capitn don Sebastin de Benalczar, 1535-1565, descifrados y anotados por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1936. xxiv, 590, liii p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 10) A major group of primary sources on the Spanish conquest and settlement of the northern Andes. 1317. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo; and Piedad Peaherrera de Costales. Centuria, 1534-1634. Riobamba: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Chimborazo, 1982. 200 p. A popular, pro-Andean account of the first century of the colonial period. 1318. Cronistas coloniales, estudio, biografas y seleccin de J. Roberto Pez. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 2 v. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [3]) A useful compendium of selections relating to the conquest of what would become Ecuador, from chronicles of the period. 1319. Cronistas de raigumbre indgena, [recopilacin de] Horacio Larran Barros. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 2 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 1415) An anthology of chronicles by Andean (i.e., mestizos) and early Andeanists. 1320. Documentos relativos a D. Pedro de La Gasca y a Gonzalo Pizarro, edicin de Juan Prez de Tudela Bueso. Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia, 1964. 2 v. (Archivo documental espaol; 21)

Included here because of the major role Quito and its encomenderos played in the civil wars. Indexed by name, but unfortunately not by place. 1321. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Andanzas de Cieza por tierras americanas. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1987. xi, 281 p. Maintains that Cieza de Len did not have personal knowledge of the coast of Ecuador but depended on the oral testimony of others. Nonetheless, Estrada finds Cieza de Len to be reliable for the most part. 1322. Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Incas. London: Macmillan, 1970. 641 p. Hemmings chapter on The Quitan Campaign (p. 151-168) is a lucid analysis and solid interpretation of the Spanish excursion into and subjugation of the future Ecuador. 1323. Informacin de Diego de Sandoval, 7.III.1542, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:7 (jun. 1975), 105-114. Together with item 1333, important primary sources for the study of the conquest and civil war years inasmuch as Sandoval and those who testified on his behalf were either conquerors themselves or early settlers. 1324. Lohmann Villena, Guillermo. Las ideas jurdico-polticas en la rebelin de Gonzalo Pizarro: la tramova doctrinal de levantamiento contra las leyes nuevas en el Per. Valladolid: Casa-Museo de Coln y Seminario Americanista, Secretariado de Publicaciones, de la Universidad de Valladolid, 1977. 112 p. 1325. Loor, Wilfrido. La conquista de Quito. Quito: El Comercio, 1943. 104 p. A popular account of the conquest period with an emphasis on Spanish excursions into the future Province of Manab and the foundation of Portoviejo (1534). Incorporates Loors 1935 Los espaoles en Manab (item 5997). Republished in his: Manab, prehistoria y conquista (item 6000), p. 194-291. 1326. Muller, Richard. The History of the Conquest of Quito. Santo Domingo, Repblica Dominicana: V. Montalvo, 1929. 95 p. 1327. Oberem, Udo. Los Caaris y la conquista espaola de la sierra ecuatoriana: otro captulo de las relaciones intertnicas en el siglo XVI, Journal de la Socit des amricanistes, 63 (1974/1976), 263-274. Delineates the role of the Caaris in the Spanish conquest of the Ecuadorian highlands. Severely punished by Atahualpa because they had sided with Huascar, the Caaris allied with Benalczar against the victorious Inca and his cohorts. Ironically and tragically for the Caaris, they were subjugated by Francisco Atahualpa Inca, son of Atahualpa Inca, during the rebellion of the Quijos, with whom they also sided. Reprinted in item 605 and in: Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 137-151. See also item 607. 1328. Orellana, Francisco de. Documentos sobre el descubrimiento de Amazonas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:87 (ene./jun. 1956), 124-132. Sometimes incorrectly cited as: Cartas de Francisco de Orellana. Reprints Gonzalo Pizarros letter of 3 Sept. 1542 to the crown, Francisco de Orellanas letters of 9 May,

30 May, 20 June, 22 Oct., and 21 Nov. 1544 to the crown, and the capitulacin or contract between Orellana and the crown. 1329. Ortiz Bilbao, Luis Alfonso. Las leyes nuevas en Quito, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1980), 273-319. 1330. Plit Montes de Oca, Vicente. Conquista del Per, Quito y descubrimiento del ro de las Amazonas, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 3, p. 67-90. A bare bones sketch. 1331. Primigenios documentos notariales y jurdicos de la historia ecuatoriana, [transcritos y con una introduccin por] Rafael Euclides Silva, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 10:27 (1961), 17-62. Consists of modernized transcriptions of the earliest notarial records produced in what is now Ecuador, having been drawn up in Coaque in 1531. 1332. Probanza de Diego de Navarrete (Quito, 25.XI. 1578), Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:13 (jun. 1978), 79-109. Regarding the merits and services of an early vecino of Guayaquil who participated in the civil wars, allegedly on the side of the crown. 1333. Probanza de Diego de Sandoval, 19.XI.1539, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, transcripcin de Juan Freile Granizo, 4:7 (jun. 1975), 73-104. See also item 1323. 1334. Probanza de mritos de Martn Ramrez de Guzmn, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 5:10 (dic. 1976), 27-146. Consists of eye witness accounts from the 1570s regarding the role played by Ramrez de Guzmn, a vecino and encomendero of Guayaquil, in the defeat of Gonzalo Pizarro and the early history of the coast. Compiled between 1573 and 1577. Transcribed by Juan Chacn Zhapn. 1335. Probanza de Pedro Domnguez Miradero, Quito, 26.IX.1564, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 9:18 (dic. 1980), 97-132. The relacin de mrito of an early vecino of Quito, who was also one of the conquistadores of the northern Andes. Transcribed by Juan Chacn Zhapn. 1336. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Descubrimiento y conquista del Ecuador: historia de las exploraciones espaolas en territorio ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. Caja del Seguro, 1948. 46 p. 1337. Rodicio Garca, Sara. La ayuda indgena en la conquista espaola del norte del Ecuador: el caso de don Sancho y Velasco, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 685), p. 219-230. 1338. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. El indio quiteo en el siglo XVI, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 212-223.

A well meaning but poorly informed and paternalistic attempt to understand the mentality of the conquered. 1339. Salomon, Frank. Crisis y transformacin de la sociedad aborigen invadida (1528-1573), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 3, p. 91-122. A solid essay on the role of ethnic groups, especially of the Caaris in the Spanish conquest of Quito and of the multivariant impact of the conquest on the ethnic groups of the highlands. 1340. Szszdi, Adm. En torno a la balsa de Salango, Ecuador, que captur Bartolom Ruiz, Anuario de estudios americanos, 35 (1978), 453-554. Maintains that the Relacin Smano, the most important of the early contact chronicles for Ecuador, was written by Gonzalo Fernndez de Oviedo, and not Francisco de Xrez. Also argues that the balsa taken by Bartolom Ruiz was not an Inca vessel but pertained to one of the ethnic groups of the coast of Ecuador. 1341. Tern, Francisco. Presencia de Nicaragua en la conquista de Quito y el Per, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 229-248. Regarding the incursion of Pedro de Alvarado and other marauders from Central America.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY LA COLONIA Notwithstanding the considerable number of works on the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and/or early nineteenth centuries, as of the late 1990s, the colonial period had not nearly as well worked as it could have been, especially insofar as chronologically and thematically comprehensive studies are concerned. The most detailed account continued to be that of Federico Gonzlez Surez (item 1388). There had been some notable advances, nonetheless, a good example of which is the Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615). Furthermore, the most thematically comprehensive as well as up-to-date in approach introduction to the colonial period was that to be found by various scholars in vols 3-6 of the Nueva historia del Ecuador, for the specific contributions to which items 1347, 1351, 1352, 1357, 1401, 1410, 1430, 1433, 1435, 1447, 1478, and 1513. In addition to the didactic accounts referred to in the introductory remarks to Historia: Obras generales y miscelneas, see also Aquiles R. Prez T.s Historia de la Repblica del Ecuador (item 1468), an essay on the colonial period--regardless of its title--largely based on original research, mostly in the Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito). Insofar as the sixteenth century is concerned, only Jos Mara Vargas had produced a new overview (item 1529). The same held true for the seventeenth century (item 1530). Although useful, Vargass two quasi-chronicles left much to be desired. The late Father Vargas relied on the not altogether satisfactory transcriptions of Archivo General de Indias materials in the Vacas Galindo Collection and was methodologically weak, having been an autodidact. Vargas had a very strong interest in cultural and economic developments, however, and gave us a number of notable works along those lines, especially his Historia de la cultura ecuatoriana (item 3758)--the latter of which also takes in the national period--and La economia poltica del Ecuador durante la colonia (item 1528). The eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries, however, had been exceptionally well treated by Kenneth J. Andrien in The Kingdom of Quito, 1690-1830 (item 1343). See also: Rosemarie Tern Najass promising Los proyectos del imperio borbnico en la Real Audiencia de Quito (item 1510); and Douglas A. Washburns somewhat disappointing doctoral dissertation, The Bourbon Reforms (item 1542). Notwithstanding the numerous, mostly important by any standard, contributions made in ethnohistory during the final third of the twentieth century, a comprehensive history of Andean ethnic groups from the Spanish conquest through the eve of independence remained to be produced. The same could be said for the social history of the colonial

period, but in the interim, Hugo Arias Palacioss Evolucin socioeconmica del Ecuador: sociedades primitivas y perodo colonial (item 687) helped fill in some of the gaps. The economic history of the period was in appreciably better shape. In addition to Vargass Historia econmica, Arias Palacioss Evolucin socioeconmica, and Andriens The Kingdom of Quito, see: Robson Brines Tyrers pioneering Historia demogrfica y econmica (item 5427); Nicholas P. Cushners Farm and Factory (item 1370); and Manuel Mio Grijalvas La protoindustria colonial hispanoamericana and La manufactura colonial: la constitucin tcnica del obraje (items 1435 and 1436). The population history of the period had also begun to become known in some detail as well as in outline (in addition to the works listed below, see those in the Demografa histrica section, almost all of which examine developments of one or more of the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and early-nineteenth centuries). Some readers will note the apparent absence of a number of other pre-1996 studies of importance on the colonial period in this section. But that is because they are to be found in elsewhere in this bibliography (for example, in the Historia regional and Historia urbana sections). The past of Ecuador continued to be intertwined with those of neighboring Peru and Colombia during the colonial period. Many of the documentary sets published on the Viceroyalties of Peru and Nueva Granada, to both of which the Audiencia/Presidency of Quito was subordinated at one time or another, contain not just data but entire documents relating to the future Ecuador. In addition to the guides to the chronicles and other Peruvian materials mentioned in the introductory remarks to the La conquista espaola y las guerras civiles subsection, see Ral Porras Barrenecheas Fuentes histricas peruanas (Lima: Instituto Ral Porras Barrenechea, Escuela de Altos Estudios y de Investigaciones Peruvianistas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 1963). Bibliographies and guides to historical materials of Colombia were and may still be less complete, but Mario Germn Romero, Guillermo Hernndez de Alba, and Sergio Elas Ortiz, Papeles bibliogrficas para el estudio de la historia de Colombia (Bogot: Banco de la Repblica; Biblioteca Luis-Angel Arango, 1961) is helpful as is also the ongoing History: Spanish South America: Colonial Period section of the Handbook of Latin American studies. Few Ecuadorian historians and Ecuadorianists appear to be aware of the substantial number and variety of relevant imprints of the colonial period. Admittedly it is no easy matter to locate colonial period imprints, but as primary sources they are just as indispensable as manuscripts of the era. I too was unaware of just how many published informes, memorias, and other materials of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth century exist in addition to the long since known chronicles and travel accounts before coming to the John Carter Brown Library in 1998--too late to incorporate said imprints in this bibliography. I am referring of course to materials printed during the colonial period, not to subsequently published materials of the colonial period. Although Ecuador did not have a printing press of its own until 1755, a number of Spaniards, Ecuadorians, and other colonials published many materials of importance on or relating to the colony in Madrid, elsewhere in Spain, and in Lima. For substantial

albeit incomplete guides to said items, see Jos Toribio Medinas Biblioteca hispanoamericana, 1493-1810 (Santiago de Chile: J.T. Medina, 1898-1907; 7 v.; reprint: Amsterdam: N. Israel, 1966); Medinas La imprenta en Lima (Santiago de Chile: J.T. Medina, 1904-1907; 4 v.); and Rubn Vargas Ugartes Impresos peruanos (Lima, 19351957; 7 v.; vols. 6-12 of his Biblioteca peruana, 6-12)--cited in a variety of bewildering ways by bibliographers, cataloguers, and scholars. Unfortunately the author indexes to these bibliographies are incomplete and subject indexes nonexistent. Some examples of what I mean are: 1) Memorial, que el licenciado don Matias Lagunez, del consejo de su Magestad, y oydor de la Real Audiencia de San Francisco de Quito, haziendo oficio de fiscal en ella, di, y present en dicha Real Audiencia, cerca del beneficio, y cobrana de los tributos de los indios. Y de los medios que se pueden poner, para que se eviten los fraudes, que en dicha cobrana se cometen, en dao, y perjuicio de la Real Hazienda (Madrid, 1686; 12 leaves); 2) Manifiesto veridico, y legal, que en hecho, y derecho evidencia lo que contienen los autos de pesquisa, y la inculpabilidad, que de ellos resulta en todos los cargos, que se le hicieron a D. Joseph de Araujo y Rio, del Consejo de su Magestad, presidente, governador, y capitan general de la Real Audiencia de Quito, por el juez de pesquisa don Manuel Rubio de Arevalo, del consejo de su Magestad, provisto oidor de Santa F ([Madrid, 1745]; 168, [2] leaves); 3) Informe, que en virtud de poderes, e instrucciones del Rdo. Obispo de Quito, hace a V. Magestad el Dor. D. Diego de Riofrio y Peralta, cura de la parroquial de Santa Barbara de dicha ciudad, y visitador nombrado en consequencia de reales cedulas de V. Mag. de las Provincias de los Quixos Zucumbios, del gran Rio de las Amazonas, y del Puthumayo, para el reconocimiento de sus misiones, y otros encargos. Expone lo que sobre ellos ha reconocido; el numero, y nombre de los pueblos en missiones establecidos; su actual consistencia en missioneros, vecindarios, y numero de almas convertidas; sus costumbres, y otras noticias utiles (Madrid, 1747; 15 leaves); 4) Compendio historico de la prodigiosa vida, virtudes, y milagros de la venerable sierva de Dios Mariana de Jesus, Flores, y Paredes, conocida con el justo renombre de la Azucena de Quito / escrito por don Thomas de Gijon y Leon, doctor theologo en la Universidad del angelico doctor Santo Thomas, y en sagrados canones en la del seor S. Gregorio, examinador sinodal del obispado de Quito, racionero de su Santa Iglesia Cathedral, y procurador deputado las curias regia, y pontificia para la beatificacion, y canonizacion de la referida sierva de Dios (Madrid. : En la Imprenta del Mercurio, por Joseph de Orga, impressor., ao de 1754; [58], 217, [3] p.); and 5) Carta pastoral, que con occasion de la ruyna de la ciudad de Quito, participada a esta capital, escribe el Illmo. Sor. Dor. D. Pedro Antonio de Barroeta y Angel, arzobispo de los Reyes, a sus amadas ovejas, exhortandolas, que aplaquen la ira de Dios, que les amenaza; satisfagan con frutos dignos de penitencia la Divina Justicia; y merezcan conseguir su misericordia (Impressa en Lima, en la Plazuela de S. Christoval. Por Juan Joseph Cossio. Ao de 1755; 29 leaves). The first example is described in Medinas Biblioteca hispano-americana and the fifth in

Medinas La imprenta en Lima and Vargas Ugartes Impresos peruanos. The first example is also listed in Norriss Gua bibliogrfica. The second example, one of Araujos defense briefs as it were, does not appear in Medina, Vargas Ugarte, Norris, or Larreas Bibliografa cientfica, however. Nor does the third example, Riofro y Peraltas Informe--a significant historical demographic as well as ecclesiastical historical source. The only known copies of the second and third examples are in the John Carter Brown Library; copies of the other three examples may also be seen in the John Carter Brown Library. The fourth example is, of course, described and discussed in Larreas Las biografas de Santa Mariana de Jess (item 248).

1342. Almedia Muoz, Wilson. Revisin de las Noticias secretas: su importancia para la historia del Ecuador y de Amrica Latina. Quito: Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 245 p. Glosses Juan and Ulloas Noticias secretas (item 7330) and reexamines the importance of the Geodesic Mission of 1736. 1343. Andrien, Kenneth J. The Kingdom of Quito, 1690-1830: The State and Regional Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xi, 255 p. An exceptionally well researched, structured, and articulated study of demographic and economic events and developments in the three major regions (the northern and central highlands, the southern highlands, and the central and southern coast) and in the three primary cities (Quito, Cuenca, and Guayaquil), and of the political economy of the colony per se from the epidemics of the 1690s through the establishment of the nation state in 1830. Draws heavily on royal treasury data, for which see item 1403. The most important economic study of the Presidency of Quito at large since Arias Palacioss Evolucin socioeconmica (item 687), Vargass La economa poltica (item 1527), and Tyrers Historia demogrfica y econmica (item 5427). Although Andrien does not appear to have seen item 687, his The Kingdom of Quito clearly surpasses but does not wholly supplant items 1527 and 5427, insofar as the second half of the colonial period is concerned. Also it undoubtedly will continue to be one of the best studies, if it is no longer still the best, of the implementation of the Bourbon reforms in the Audiencia and of their impact. Previews of this work appeared as: Corruption, Self-Interest, and the Political Culture of Eighteenth-Century Quito, Virtue, Corruption, and Self-Interest: Political Values in the Eighteenth Century, edited by Richard K. Matthews (Bethlehem, Pa.: Lehigh University Press, 1994), p. 270-296; and as: The State and Dependency in Late Colonial and Early Republican Ecuador (item 1344). 1344. Andrien, Kenneth J. The State and Dependency in Late Colonial and Early Republican Ecuador, The Political Economy of Spanish America in the Age of Revolution, 1750-1850, edited by Kenneth J. Andrien and Lyman L. Johnson (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1994), p. 169-195. Utilizes dependency literature as qualitative framework and treasury records of Quito, Guayaquil, and Cuenca as quantitative basis to reassess role of the state in economic development of Ecuador during the late colonial, independence, and early national

periods. Concludes that the state regardless of period or persona promoted economic polices that created a discriminatory, arbitrary, and irrational economic environment for promoting sustained, autonomous development. 1345. Arcila Farias, Eduardo. Comercio entre Venezuela y Mxico en los siglos XVII y XVIII. Mxico, D.F.: El Colegio de Mxico, 1960. 324 p. Includes a running discussion of the running disputa de Venezuela y Guayaquil por el mercado [de cacao] de la Nueva Espaa. 1346. Argello, Patricia; and Loreto Rebollero G. Explotacin de oro en la Real Audiencia de Quito durante el siglo XVI, Antropologa (Quito), 1 (jun. 1983), 32-49. A superficial analysis of the exploitation of gold mining during the second half of the sixteenth century. Insofar as primary sources are concerned, relies on the relaciones geogrficas published by Jimnez de la Espada (item 1406), whose name Argello and Rebollero could not even spell correctly, and ignores other published sources such as Las Minas de Zamora: cuentas de la Real Hacienda, 1561-1565 (item 6392). 1347. Arias Palacios, Hugo. La economa de la Real Audiencia de Quito y la crisis del siglo XVIII, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 187-229. A somewhat anachronistic account of the crisis of the eighteenth century and the restructuring of the economies of the highlands and of the coast in response thereto. Arias ignored all of the newer literature on what was happening in the mother country and in the Perus, almost all of the newer studies on the highlands, and relied excessively on Hamerlys Historia social y econmica (item 5975) when it comes to developments in the former Province of Guayaquil. 1348. Ascaray, Juan de Abogados de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 8:13 (ago. 1964), 29-45. Lists lawyers licensed between 1733 and 1829. 1349. Ascaray, Juan de. Serie chronlogica de los seores presidentes que ha tenido la Audiencia y Chancillera Real de Quito, desde su fundacin ... Quito: Impr. de Mauricio de los Reyes, 1794. 1 v. (not paginated) A calendar of the presidents of the audiencia. Ascaray (b. 1743) was the first lay chronicler of the Presidency of Quito. 1350. Autos acordados de la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1578-1722, [transcritos y con una introduccin por] Juan Freile Granizo. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1971. 615 p. (Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano; 2) Publishes resolutions of the Audiencia. Includes related documents. An important primary source group on multiple, not just institutional, aspects of the colonial period. Indexed. 1351. Benavides Vega, Carlos. Sinopsis histrica del siglo XVII, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 105-137. Examines political and cultural developments of the 1600s.

1352. Bentez, Silvia; and Gaby Costa. La familia, la ciudad y la vida cotidiana en el perodo colonial, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 187-230. An attempt to examine family, urban, and daily life during the colonial period. Not altogether satisfactory given the then scant literature on the topics in question. Nonetheless, a commendable first effort. See also items 2185 and 2612. 1353. Blanco, Jos Mara. Noticias histrico-econmicas de Quito, Museo Histrico, 4:14/15 (1952), 11-30. An 1825 chronicle by the continuador of Ascaray. Blanco was a priest. 1354. Bonnett Vlez, Diana. El protector de naturales en la Audiencia de Quito: siglos XVII y XVIII, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1992. 153 p. A well researched master's thesis on the Protectorate of Indians. Examines the office and analyzes a number of cases relating to land and labor disputes and to tribute impositions. A historiographical first for Ecuador. 1355. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Beyond the Obraje: Handicraft Production in Quito toward the End of the Colonial Period, The Americas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 52:1 (July 1995), 1-24. A pioneering essay on a largely neglected aspect of the economy of the colonial period, the domestic as well as guild and workshop production of handicrafts other than woolen textiles. Borchart focuses mostly on the northern and central highlands, tackles the late colonial period because of the existence of a record group (the libros de guas) that sheds light on the subject, and examines a wide variety of cottage craft industries. Nonetheless, she has much more to say on the production of cotton textiles than of other handicrafts, but that is because of limitations in the sources consulted. Also published in Spanish as: Ms all del obraje: la produccin artesanal en Quito hacia finales del perodo colonial, Memoria, MARKA, 5 (1995), 1-34. 1356. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Capital comercial y produccin agrcola: Nueva Espaa y la Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVIII, Anuario de estudios americanos, 46 (1989), 131-172. Primarily a study of Carlos Araujo, a major merchant and landowner of Quito in the 1700s, with some discussion of several of his Mexican counterparts. 1357. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Origen y conformacin de la hacienda colonial, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 139-166. A solid introduction to the emergence of landed estates during the early colonial period by a leading authority on the subject (see items 6090, 6091, 6093-6095). 1358. Borja, Luis Felipe (hijo). La mujer ecuatoriana, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 10:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 243-247. A brief appreciation of the role of women, especially of exceptional women, during the colonial and independence periods.

1359. Borrero, Manuel Mara. Espaa en Quito. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1969. 472 p. An apologetic for the Spanish conquest and colony. Exalts Spaniards, especially peninsulars, as christianizers and civilizers, and blames Indians, blacks, and the castes for Ecuadors past and present problems. 1360. Buchwald, Otto von. Propiedad rstica en tiempo de la colonia, Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico-Literaria, 23:74/75 (1920), 69-79. An essay on rural estates, especially haciendas, during the colonial period. 1361. Bschges, Christian. Familie, Ehre, und Macht: Konzept und soziale Wirklichkeit des Adels in der Stadt Quito (Ecuador) whrend der spten Kolonialzeit, 1765-1822. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1996. A social and economic history of the nobility in the city of Quito and the northern and central highlands during the late colonial and independence periods. By nobility is meant the titled, hidalgos, and those generally reputed to be noble, especially descendants of conquistadores and primeros vecinos and high ranking members of the local bureaucracy, Church, and militia. Well researched and solidly documented. A major contribution to the history of the much touted but previously poorly studied creole elite, a group whom Bschges rightfully maintains was quite conservative. 1362. Caillavet, Chantal. Ex-voto coloniaux et pense andine: une iconographie du syncrtisme religieux, Religions des Andes et langues indignes: Equateur, Prou, Bolivie avant et aprs la conqute espagnole: actes du Colloque III dtudes andines, Pierre Duviols coordinateur (Aix-Marseille: Publications de lUniversit de Provence, 1993), p. 261-279. A pioneering essay, insofar as Ecuador is concerned, of the extent to which Andean religious beliefs and practices persisted after the Spanish conquest and Christian proselytization of the indigenous populations and of the ways and means by which lo andino permeated Catholic rituals and iconography, especially the Marian cult and its multiple manifestations, during the colonial period and beyond. 1363. Caldas, Francisco Jos de. Cartas de Caldas, recopiladas y publicadas por E.P. Bogot: Impr. Nacional, 1912. xxvii, 596 p. (Biblioteca de historia nacional; vol. IX) An important compendium of sources. It will be recalled that Caldas was a pensador who was active in the Presidency of Quito as well as in his native New Granada during the early 1800s, and subsequently a prcer of the movements for independence. See also items 7235-7237. 1364. Carondelet, Luis Hector, Barn de. El Barn de Carondelet y la apertura del camino a Esmeraldas, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 4:6 (ene./dic. 1956), 617. An 1800 proposal by the Barn de Carondelet to reopen the road to Esmeraldas. 1365. Carondelet, Luis Hector, Barn de. Informe reservado, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:88 (jul./dic. 1956), 256-265.

Also regarding the reopening of the road to Esmeraldas. 1366. Carrin, Alejandro. En el reino de los golillas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1991. 177 p. (Obras completas de Alejandro Carrin; vol. 13) A set of semi-fictionalized essays on various aspects of and incidents during the colonial period. Yet the author understood and articulated the mentality of his ancestors well. Contents: Pedro de Puelles, primer gobernante quiteo; Salazar de Villasante, defensor de los indios; Los hijos de Benalczar y el gobierno de los oidores; Dos hombres de la revolucin de las alcabalas; Nacimiento de la poesa quitea; La primera rebelin estudiantil. 1367. Coleccin de cdulas reales dirigidas a la Audiencia de Quito, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1935-1946. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 7, 19) Vol. 1 covers the years 1538-1600, and vol. 2, the years 1601-1660. A major set of primary sources. Royal decrees were frequently issued in response to local and regional issues and problems. Those directed to the Audiencia of Quito were no exception. 1368. Costales Peaherrera, Jaime A. Las ordenanzas de obrajes, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales, 119 (mayo 1986), 17-62. Publishes without analysis the 1621 ordenanzas de obrajes of inspector general Matias de Peralta as found in the Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito). Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasses version and study thereof (item 1466) is preferable. Interestingly enough in his opening remarks Costales Peaherrera complains of una edicin apcrifa de tales Ordenanzas, en aos recientes one that, however, he was unable to confirm. It is not surprisingly therefore that Costales Peaherrera, whose parents are Alfredo Costales Samaniego and the late Piedad Peaherrera de Costales, does not give the bibliographic particulars of the alleged pirate edition. But Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse published his transcription first (in 1976, three years before Costales Peaherrera presented the licentiate thesis to which he appended as an anexo documental the ordenanzas in question), a contemporary copy of which Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse long since saw in the Archivo General de Indias. Furthermore, Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse is a reputable scholar. Unfortunately and most regrettably, Costales Peaherreras ill founded remarks are symptomatic of the poorly grounded scholarship that afflicts some historical publications in Ecuador. 1369. Cruz Ziga, Pilar. Mestizos e indgenas en la Real Audiencia de Quito: (segunda mitad del siglo XVIII), Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 89-115. Tabulates and analyzes the demographic, economic, and social characteristics of mestizos according to the data presented in petitions of mestizaje and related sources. 1370. Cushner, Nicholas P. Farm and Factory: The Jesuits and the Development of Agrarian Capitalism in Colonial Quito, 1600-1767. Albany: State University of New

York, 1982. viii, 231 p. An exceptionally important study of the agrarian history of the colonial period. Demonstrates integration of obrajes and haciendas inasmuch as the Jesuits produced their own wool and other inputs. Andean and lay Spanish textile factories, however, may have been mostly dependent upon the vagaries of the market for raw materials. Based on extensive research in Ecuador, Spain, and the Jesuit archives in Rome. Regrettably not a work that has had much impact on historiography in Ecuador, at least not as of July 1997. Not known to Manuel Mio Grijalva, for example (see items 1435 and 1436). 1371. Chacn, Jorge. Races hispnicas de ecuatorianidad. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1953. 247 p. A defense of the conquest, the mother country, and the Catholic Church. 1372. Chandler, David L. Slave Over Master in Colonial Colombia and Ecuador, The Americas, 38:3 (Jan. 1982), 315-326. Barely touches upon slavery in the Audiencia/Presidency of Quito. 1373. Descalzi, Ricardo. Historias de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Publicaciones ESPE, 1990. 4 v. A curious set of some interest inasmuch as Descalzi sheds some light on several themes that had not received sufficient attention although they had not been altogether neglected either. Literally pocketbooks lacking tables of contents, indexes, or proper documentation. However, Descalzi knew the colonial period well and therefore is worth reading. Contents: t. 1, Historia colonial de la plaza mayor de San Francisco de Quito; t. 2, Historia de las misiones amaznicas de la Real Audiencia de Quito; t. 3, Agua, higiene y medicina de la Quito colonial; t. 4, Las revoluciones en la colonia. 1374. Destruge, Camilo. La esclavitud en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:27 (mayo 1912), 33-44; 3:28 (jun. 1912), 49-62; 3:29 (jul. 1912), 65-74. Methodologically long since surpassed but still useful for the data contained. Some of the sources Destruge consulted no longer survive or have deteriorated beyond the point of being decipherable. 1375. Documentos para la historia de la Audiencia de Quito, investigacin y compilacin por Jos Rumazo Gonzlez. Madrid: A. Aguado, 1948-1950. 8 v. A substantial set of apparently accurately transcribed primary sources from the Archivo General de Indias and other peninsular repositories. Well indexed (chronologically, by person, and by place). Nominally devoted to materials relating to Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Rumazo Gonzlez interpreted his charge broadly to include multiple sources from the entire colonial period having to do with Maldonado in one way or another and the road to Esmeraldas, including its antecedents and post-Maldonado resurrections. Given the nature of these materials, almost every student of the colonial period will find some, if not considerable, data of importance in them. Vol. 5, for example, reprints La Condamines Journal du voyage fait par ordre du roi, a lEquateur

... (Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1751) and his Histoire des pyramides de Quito ... ([Paris: Imprimerie Royale], 1751), and publishes the Expediente sobre las pirmides de Yaruqu (1740-1749). And vol. 8, to cite two other examples, includes a lengthy expediente on the erection of the Diocesis of Cuenca and published for the first time Jos Romualdo Navarros 1761 Idea del Reino de Quito. 1376. Documentos sobre el camino de Ibarra a Esmeraldas, [transcripciones de] Carlos Manuel Larrea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:87 (ene./jun. 1956), 120-121. See also items 1364, 1365, 1400, and 1507. 1377. La Economa colonial: relaciones socio-econmicas de la Real Audiencia de Quito, introduccin y seleccin, Manuel Mio Grijalva. [Quito]: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. 322 p. Reprints six standard accounts of the late colonial period: 1) Miguel de Santiestebans Viaje muy puntual y curioso que hace por tierra ... desde Lima hasta Caracas en 1740 y 1741; 2) Jos Romualdo Navarros Idea del Reino de Quito (1761); 3-5) Francisco Jos de Caldass Viaje al corazn de Barnuevo (1804) Viajes al sur de Quito (1804); and Viaje de Quito a Popayn (1805); and 6) Andrs Baleatos Monografa de Guayaquil (1820). Also Mios Estudio introductorio (p. 13-85), at the time of the publication of this work, was a useful introduction to the population and economic history of the colonial period. 1378. Espinosa Fernndez de Crdoba, Carlos R. La mascarada del Inca: una investigacin acerca del teatro poltico de la colonia, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1989), 7-39. A detailed analysis of the multifaceted roles memory of the Sapa Inca played in colonial society. In this case the Inca was represented not just allegorically in fiestas or iconographically in processions but also in the person of don Alonso Arena Florencia Inca, a great grandson of Atahualpa--therefore an auqui--and the corregidor of Ibarra in the 1660s. 1379. Fernandez Martnez, Montserrat. La alcabala en la Audiencia de Quito, 17651810. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1984. 185 p. An original licentiate thesis on the administration and collection of sales tax during the reigns of Charles III and IV, and on the socioeconomic impact of the Bourbon reforms on the upper class of the city of Quito as revealed by analysis of real estate sales and other transactions. A novel study that illuminates many aspects of the period. 1380. Fiehrer, Thomas. El camino a Esmeraldas: un problema en la administracin del Reino de Quito, 1790-1807, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:13 (jun. 1978), 59-75. Reexamines Carondelets attempts to reopen the road from Quito to Esmeraldas. Based on original research in the Archivo General de Indias and the ANH/Q. 1381. Flores, Antonio. El Reino de Quito segn las relaciones de los virreyes del Nuevo Reino de Granada, las de antiguos autores, etc. Santiago [de Chile], 1870. 50

p. Consists of excerpts and notes from eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century sources. For the complete texts of the relaciones de mando excerpted see items 1455 and 1456. 1382. Flores Jaramillo, Renn. Notas histricas sobre el terremoto de 1797: sacadas del Archivo de Indias de Sevilla, Museo Histrico, 4:12/13 (1952), 67-70. 1383. Fuentealba, Gerardo. Forasteros, comunidades indgenas, Estado y grupos de poder en la Audiencia de Quito, siglo XVIII, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:8 (1990), 59-98. Reexamines the increase in forasteros in the eighteenth century. Maintains that Indians employed migration as an agency to reduce amount of tribute they were charged, to avoid mita, and to obtain and therefore to retain land and usage thereof. Fuentealbas first and second conclusions have been substantiated for the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries as well by Karen Powers (see item 5421). Fuentealba also reexamines the largely succesful efforts of the state under the Bourbons to rationalize tribute schedules and to exact more tribute from Indians and the socioeconomic consequences thereof. 1384. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Indice cronolgico de los abogados recibidos en la Real Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional, 4/5 (ene./feb. 1921), 136-144; 6/7 (mar./abr. 1921), 209-221; 8/15 (mayo/dic. 1921), 273-283. Includes biographical notes. 1385. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Un proyecto de camino de Quito a Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:2 (nov./dic. 1920), 242-250. Publishes with an introduction Informe de Miguel Agustn de Olmedo on the need to open an all weather road between the capital and the port city. Miguel Agustn was the father of Jos Joaqun Olmedo. 1386. Gonzlez Pujana, Laura. Minera y trabajo indgena en los Andes: Guamanga y Zaruma, Revista complutense de historia de Amrica, 18 (1992), 117-131. A comparative study of the assignation of Indian labor in the 1500s to the mines of Guamanga (in Peru) and Zaruma in the southern highlands. 1387. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. Crtica a las concepciones de razas y clases en la colonia, segn los historiadores nacionales, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Ed. Graba, 1986. 156 p. A thoughtful analysis and digest of idiosyncratically selected literature on social and economic history of the colonial period. 1388. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1890-1903. 7 v. The classic Old Guard account of the pre-Hispanic and colonial periods. Primarily concerned with political and ecclesiastical events yet notable for the inclusion of some economic and social developments. Based on archival research in Ecuador, Spain, Peru, and other countries. Sometimes described as having been issued in eight

volumes, depending upon the copy seen. In some sets the plates to the Atlas arqueolgico were/are bound separately. Vol. 1 and accompanying Atlas arqueolgico discourse on Tiempos antiguos, o, El Ecuador antes de la conquista. N.B. The archbishop-historian was one of the advocates of Mayan influence on the culture and languages of pre-Inca ethnic groups of Ecuador, especially of the coast. The Atlas arqueolgico contains text as well as illustrations. Regardless of their artistic merit, the latter are of no scientific importance, being reproductions of pen-and-ink drawings that do not depict the original artefacts in detail or to scale. Vols. 2-5 are a detailed account of the political and ecclesiastical history of the highlands and the coast with some consideration of economic and social developments during the colonial period, beginning with the Spanish conquest and terminating with the Presidency of the Barn de Carondelet. Vol. 6 is given over to the history of the Oriente and vol. 7, to cultural developments during the colonial period. Available in several reprints. See also the archbishop-historians Historia eclesistica (item 5034) with which his Historia general has been confused by some scholars. Although Gonzlez Surez is one of the most important icons, if not the most import, of modern Ecuadorian historiography, he has been praised and criticized far more often than he has been read. In part this is because no textbook edition of his work exists except for the Elementos de Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador (Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1915; iv, 148 p.), a question and answer primer on the prehistory of the country. There is, however, an abridged version; see item 1452. 1389. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Obras escogidas, prlogo y seleccin del Sr. Dn. Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1944. li, 518 p. Partial contents: Memorias ntimas; Notas arqueolgicas; Memoria histrica sobe Muts y la expedicin botnica de Bogot; Un opsculo indito de don Francisco Jos de Caldas; Manifiesto a los ecuatorianos. 1390. Guerra, Sabrina. Los ilegtimos de la sociedad colonial, Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 21-35. A working paper on mestizos, the majority of whom appear to have been illegitimate, according to quantitative and qualitative analysis of sample of 40 cases of petitions of declaration of mestizaje presented between 1731 and 1797. 1391. Guerrero, Andrs. Los obrajes en la Real Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVII y su relacin con el Estado colonial, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:2 (1977), 65-89. 1392. Guerrero, Andrs; and Rafael Quintero. La transicin colonial y el rol del Estado en la Real Audiencia de Quito, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:2 (1977), 13-57. See also the Comentario by Fernando Velasco Abad (p. 59-63). Items 1391 and 1392 together with item 1532 are watersheds in Ecuadorian historiography because Guerrero, Quintero, and Velasco, then young Turks, brought to bear concerns and methods of the Social Sciences on the colonial period--previously the domain of autodidacts and traditionalists, for the most part (at least within Ecuador itself), with little or no interest in demographic, economic, or social history. Also published as: La

formacin y rol del Estado colonial en la Real Audiencia de Quito: algunos elementos para su anlisis, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 39:2 (abr./jun. 1977), 611-674. Subsequently Guerrero and Quintero devoted themselves primarily to the national period and have produced some of the best studies on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries heretofore done. The equally promising Velasco Abad, however, died the following year. 1393. Guevara Gil, Armando; and Frank Salomon. A Personal Visit: Colonial Political Ritual and the Making of Indians in the Andes, Colonial Latin American Review, 3:1/2 (1994), 3-36. The visita in question is that of 1623 to the Collaguazos, a dispersed ethnic group in and around Quito. Neither mitimaes nor forasteros, their paramount cacique apparently resided in Pomasqui. What the authors are trying to tell us about how to read this and other visitas is not altogether clear, but apparently Guevara-Gil and Salomon mean that we should try and steep ourselves in the totality, not just the mentality, of the time and place and then somehow recreate and explicate that decidedly other time and place in postmodernistic qualitative discourse. 1394. Herrn Baquero, Maro. El virrey don Antonio Amar y Borbon: la crisis del rgimen colonial en la Nueva Granada. Bogot: Banco de la Repblica, 1988. 368 p. Includes a discussion of developments in the Presidency of Quito during Amars viceregency. 1395. Herzog, Tamar. Los ministros de la Audiencia de Quito, 1650-1750. Quito: Libri-Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1995. 170 p. A dictionary of presidents and oidores of the Audiencia during the second half of the seventeenth century and the first half of the eighteenth. Organized alphabetically. Each entry delineates career (in, before, and after being posted to Quito), family data, and sources as appropriate. A basic reference. 1396. Herzog, Tamar. Sobre justicia, honor y grado militar en Quito, s. XVIII, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 49-57. Examines claims of civilian presidents in the 1700s to title of captain general in addition to those of president and governor general. Illumines overlapping concepts of justice, honor, and military rank and therefore mentalities of period. 1397. Ibarra, Alexia. La condicin del mestizaje en el contexto de las reformas borbnicas (segunda mitad del siglo XVIII), Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 55-75. A solid but somewhat sketchy analysis of 274 petitions of declarations of mestizje presented between 1780 and 1815, and the impact of the decree of 1764. 1398. Ibarra, Hernn. Haciendas y concertaje al fin de la poca colonial en el Ecuador: (un anlisis introductorio), Revista andina, 6:11 (jul. 1988), 175-200. Apparently a study of the Hacienda Chisinche. 1399. Imbernn, Jos Mara. La Real Audiencia de Quito: reflexiones en torno al

contrabando colonial, Revista mexicana de sociologa, 68:1 (ene./mar. 1986), 87-113. A thought-provoking study of the implications of what amounted to the institutionalization of illicit trade. 1400. Importante documento acerca del camino de Ibarra a Esmeraldas, [transcripcin de] Carlos Manuel Larrea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:88 (jul./dic. 1956), 255. 1401. Jcome, Nicanor. Economa y sociedad en el siglo XVI, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 3, p. 123-160. A reexamination of the economic and social structures of the early colonial period. Reflects some original research. 1402. Jcome, Nicanor. La tributacin indgena en el Ecuador, Sarance, 2 (feb. 1976), 79-107. Sketches the history of Indian tribute in Ecuador from its take over by the Spaniards through its final abolition in 1857. Based on original research. Also published in: Bulletin de l'Institut d'etudes andines, 3:1 (1974), 49-80; and as: La tributacin indgena como un mecanismo de explotacin durante la colonia y primeros aos de independencia, Economa: revista del Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Financieras, 60 (marzo 1974), 44-86. And in English as: Ecuador, the Indigenous Tribute System as a Mechanism of Exploitation during the Colonial Period and the First Years of Independence, Western Expansion and Indigenous Peoples: the Heritage of Las Casas, edited by Elias Sevilla-Casas (The Hague: Mouton, 1977), p. 87-119. 1403. Jara, Alvaro; and John Jay TePaske. Eighteenth-Century Ecuador. Durham: Duke University Press, 1990. xxii, 169 p. (The Royal Treasuries of the Spanish Empire; vol. 4) Publishes the annual cartas cuentas for Cuenca (1722-1803), Guayaquil (1714-1804), Jan de Bracamoros (1762-1792), and Quito (1702-1813), all of which constitute exceptionally important record groups for the study of the economic as well as of the financial history of the Audiencia at large during the late colonial period. Based almost entirely on research in the Archivo General de Indias. 1404. Jaramillo Prez, Csar. El trabajo en la colonia, Revista del Instituto de Trabajo y de Investigaciones Sociales, 1 (1961), 75-85. 1405. Jerves, Alfonso A. Apuntes de historia ecuatoriana, o, Materiales paleogrficas de historia patria. Cuenca: Tall. de El Progreso, 1919. [83] p. in various paginations (i.e., 35, 12, 8, 12, 16) Contents: Guayaquil, sus primeras noticias paleogrfico-histricas, 1557-1564; La Real Audiencia de Quito: sus primeras provisiones, 1564; El primer monasterio fundado en el Ecuador, 1575-1577; Don Marcos de Lamar, 1771-1777; El periodismo en Cuenca: el fundador de l, el Padre Solano, 1828. 1406. Jimnez de la Espada, Marcos. Relaciones geogrficas de Indias: Per, edicin y estudio preliminar por Jos Urbano Martnez Carreras. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas,

1965. 4 v. in 3. (Biblioteca de autores espaoles desde la formacin del lenguaje hasta nuestros das [continuacin]; 183-185) Originally published between 1881 and 1897: Madrid: Tip. de M.G. Hernndez. Vols. 3 and 4 are largely given over to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century accounts of the Presidency of Quito, district by district. Basic sources for the ethnohistory as well as historical demography and geography of the first half of the colonial period. See also items 1493 and 1494. 1407. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Algunas reflexiones sobre la tenencia de los esclavos en la colonia, 1536-1826, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 22 (ago. 1992), 93-101. Consists of research notes, mostly drawn from notarial records. 1408. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. El estrato de los caciques en el primer siglo del coloniaje, 1534-1634, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 239-244. 1409. Kuethe, Allan J. Military Reform and Society in New Granada, 1773-1808. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1978. 234 p. Includes sections on the military reforms undertaken by the Bourbons in the Presidency of Quito and the implications thereof. 1410. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. De las guerras civiles a la insurreccin de las alcabalas (1537-1593), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 3, p. 161-210. An able account of political developments from the civil wars of the conquistadores through the rebellion of the alcabalas. 1411. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. El Dr. Antonio de Morga: octavo presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1615-1636, Quitumbe, 3:3 (1973), 1-112. The authors M.A. thesis. Although based on original research, marred by reliance on the not altogether reliable Vacas Galindo collection. 1412. Landzuri Soto, Alberto. El regimen laboral indgena en la Real Audiencia de Quito. Madrid: A. Landzuri Soto, 1959. 223 p. Primarily a compendium of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century documents, the originals of which are in the Archivo General de Indias, on various aspects of Indian labor, especially the regulation thereof. 1413. Langue, Frderique. Minas ecuatorianas de principios del siglo XIX: sanguijuelas y holgazanes, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 6 (1986), 101-124. A novel reexamination of the state of mining in the early 1800s. Based on reports in the Archivo General de Indias on the silver strike at Condorasto in the central highlands and the by then virtually depleted gold mines of Zaruma in the southern highlands. A significant contribution to the economic history of the late colonial period. 1414. Larran, Carlos J. D. Santiago de Larran y Vicua, presidente del Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Chilena de Historia, 11:30 (1944), 4-37.

A well documented biography of the nineteenth president of the Audiencia. Larran y Vicua (1666-1748) had the distinction of governing Quito before the dissolution of the Audiencia (1715-1720) and after its restoration (1722-1728) during Quitos first annexation to Nueva Granada. Unfortunately, the author has little to say about his ancestors turns as president of Quito. 1415. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Cartografa ecuatoriana de los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1977. 177 p. Well researched and textually sound. The maps, however, are poorly reproduced. 1416. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Cuarto centenario de la creacin y fundacin de la Audiencia y Presidencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 151-170. An important statement of the myth on which altogether too much Ecuadorian historiography and nationalism used and to some extent continues to be based, that the Audiencia de Quito was founded in reconocimiento de la existencia de una circunscripcin territorial dotada de vida propia y de carcter particular en lo geogrfico, histrico, etnogrfico y poltico, que necesitaba, por consiguiente de gobierno propio. 1417. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Dn. Dionisio de Alsedo y Herrera. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 52 p. Reprint; originally published as: Don Dionisio de Alsedo y Herrera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:109 (ene./jun. 1967), 57-80. A useful summary of the life and career of the twenty-second president of the Audiencia. 1418. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Primeros mapas en que aparece territorio ecuatoriano y su ms antique toponimia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 149-160. A chronological account of the earliest maps that take in what is now Ecuadorian territory, beginning with Diego Riberas world map of 1529. 1419. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. La Real Audiencia de Quito y su territorio. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 138 p. Reprints items 1416 and 1418 and adds an additional chapter on Cartografa de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Unfortunately as in the case of item 1415, the maps are not well reproduced. Reprinted: Quito: Direccin General de Informacin, Impr. del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1987. 152 p. 1420. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El vigesimonono presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Barn Luis Hctor de Carondelet. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1971. 217 p. A detailed, well documented and researched study of the presidency of Carondelet (1798-1806). Originally published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 20-37; 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 155-177; 52:113 (ene./jun. 1969), 43-64; 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 236-255; 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 47-71. 1421. Larrea y Villavicencio, Juan de. Las manufacturas de la Provincia de Quito, introduccin y transcripcin por Christian Bschges, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de

historia, 9 (II sem., 1996) 139-143. A brief but highly informative and heretofore unknown 1802 description of textile and other industries in the northern and central highlands by an exceptionally literate hacendado and obrajero. See also item 1710. 1422. Lavall, Bernard. El cuestionamiento de la esclavitud en Quito a finales de la poca colonial, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 23-48. An original study of the scrutiny of slavery as a morally acceptable institution during the late colonial period, interesting enough, by slaves as well as by their masters. Also examines ways in which slaves could obtain or were granted freedom. 1423. Lavall, Bernard. Lgica esclavista y resistencia negra en los Andes ecuatorianos a finales del siglo XVIII, Revista de Indias, 53:199 (sept./dic. 1993), 699722. Delineates and documents three instances of slave resistance (through flight) to abusive treatment by lay administrators and new owners of former Jesuit estates (in the northern highlands. 1424. Lenz-Volland, Birgit; and Martin Volland. Ostras, perlas y prpura: su uso durante el poca colonial hasta comienzos de la independencia en el Ecuador occidental, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 49-69. A preliminary study of the use of shellfish as a foodstuff and a source for dye during the colonial period. Based on published materials. 1425. Len Borja, Dora; and Adm Szszdi. Respaldo de los caciques de la Provincia de Quito a Salazar de Villasante, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 284-285. Publishes a 1564 petition by various caciques requesting the crown to appoint Juan de Salazar de Villasante an oidor of the Audiencia. Important as a list of ethnic lords. 1426. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. Sangre sobre piel negra: la esclavitud quitea en el contexto del reformismo borbnico. Quito: Centro Cultural Afroecuatoriano: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 245 p. (Coleccin Mundo Afro; 1) The first major study of slavery in the Audiencia. Far from exhaustive, however, not just in terms of surviving sources but curiously enough, also secondary studies. Includes an appendix of documents. 1427. Luna Yepes, Jorge. Sntesis histrica y geogrfica del Ecuador. Quito: Salesiana, 1944. 258 p. Primarily a study of the colonial period. The author, one of the founders of ARNE, is unabashedly pro-Hispanic. 1428. Maier S., Jorge. Historia postal de Quito, 1534-1864, Cultura, 8:23 (sept./dic. 1985), 223-258. A history of postal service prior to the emission of stamps. Based on archival research.

1429. Maiguashca, Juan. El desplazamiento regional y la burguesa en el Ecuador, 1760-1860, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, p. 23-39. Outlines demographic, economic, and social changes in the central-south coast and the highlands during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. Maintains that economically there were two periods, 1760-1820 or the primer auge cacaotero, and the second, 1820-1860 or el embotellamiento del cacao. Suggestive of the promising research in which Maiguascha was engaged but the results of which he never seems to have fleshed out. 1430. Marchn Romero, Carlos. Economa y sociedad durante el siglo XVIII, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 231-259. An important reexamination of economic developments of the 1700s. Especially concerned with the so-called economic crisis of the late colonial period. Includes new data drawn from archival research. Originally published in: Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 55-76. 1431. Marchn Romero, Carlos. La sierra centro-norte del Ecuador: su delimitacin geogrfico-conceptual y su economa en el siglo XVII, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 12, segundo semestre 1995, p. 59-90. Less than half of this article is actually dedicated to the seventeenth century. The rest consists of general remarks on the region or regions (northern highlands vis-a-vis central highlands) and economic developments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 1432. Marchn Romero, Carlos. El sistema hacendario serrano, movilidad y cambio social, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 63-106. Outlines the agrarian history of the highlands during the colonial period. Proposes two cycles: 1) that of textiles (1500s-1700); and 2) that of cacao (1700-1820), the latter of which continued through the early 1900s. 1433. Mills, Nick D., Jr.; and Gonzalo Ortiz Chiriboga. Economa y sociedad en el Ecuador poscolonial, 1759-1859, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 71-152. A pioneering attempt to pull together traditional and newer scholarsip on demographic, economic, and social trends and developments in the country as a whole during the neocolonial period. Presented at the Simposio sobre el Ecuador en 1830. See also the Crticas y comentarios thereof in: ibid., p. 153-167. Also published in abridgement as: Economa y sociedad en el perodo de la independencia (1780-1845) in Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 6, p. 127-163. 1434. Mio Grijalva, Manuel. La economa de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 47-103. A revisionist study of population and economic history of the seventeenth century. Not altogether satisfactory insofar as the demographic developments of the 1600s are concerned, but well worth reading when it comes to economic developments.

1435. Mio Grijalva, Manuel. La protoindustria colonial hispanoamericana, 1a.. Mxico: El Colegio de Mxico; Fideicomiso Historia de las Amricas; Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1993. 227 p. A comparative study of textile manufacturing in the Presidency of Quito, Lower Peru, and New Spain. Especially concerned with labor issues. Based on archival research as well as the appropriate literature. 1436. Mio Grijalva, Manuel. La manufactura colonial: la constitucin tcnica del obraje. Mxico: Centro de Estudios Histricos, El Colegio de Mxico, 1993. 204 p. Also a comparative study of textile manufacturing in the Presidency of Quito, Lower Peru, and New Spain, but with an emphasis on the technological aspects of the industry. N.B. These two important books by Mio Grijalva do not appear to have been adequately known in Ecuador or by Ecuadorianists, at least as of July 1997. See also Mio Grijalavas earlier Capital comercial y trabajo textil: tendencias generales de la protoindustria colonial latinoamericana, HISLA, 9 (1987), 57-79; La manufacturera colonial: aspectos comparativos entre el obraje andino y el novohispano, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:4 (1988), 13-6; and El obraje colonial, Revista europea de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 47 (dic. 1989), 3-19. 1437. Montenegro, Fernando; and Patricia Gudio. Las mitas en la Real Audiencia de Quito: (su aplicacin en los obrajes y transicin hacia el concertaje). Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 50 p. A brief, didactic work on the forced labor system employed during the colonial period to obtain indigenous workers, especially for textile sweat shops in the north-central highlands. Consists more of illustrations, pen and ink drawings by Segundo Obando, than of text. Apparently intended for high school students and/or campesinos. Of no scholarly value. But indicative of how misleading library catalog records can sometimes be. Erroneously subject headed in OCLC: Indians of South America -- Ecuador -Quito -- Religion and mythology; Indians of South America -- Ecuador -- Quito -Legends. 1438. Moore, John Preston. The Cabildo in Peru under the Hapsburgs: A Study in the Origins and Powers of the Town Council in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 1530-1700. Durham: Duke University Press, 1954. 309 p. Includes coverage of the Cabildo of Quito. 1439. Mora, Alfonso Mara. Resea de instituciones colonizadoras y mineras, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 29 (oct. 1937), 7099; 30 (ene. 1938), 170-192; 31 (abr. 1938), 242-266. Incomplete. Supposed to have been continued. May safely be ignored partly because Mora appears to have had little to say about institutions and mining in the country during the colonial period, but mostly because his work has long since been superseded. 1440. Moreno Proao, Agustn. La formacin del mestizaje segn los cronistas,

Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 24 (nov. 1987), individually paginated. 1441. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Alzamientos indgenas en la Audiencia de Quito, 1534-1803 = Runacunapaj macanacuicuna, versin Quichua, Abel Inga Tenesaca, Carlos Moreno Maldonado. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1987. 72 p. A popular overview in Spanish and Quichua. 1442. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Los caciques mayores: renacimiento de su concepto en Quito a finales de la colonia, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 1 (mar. 1978), 3139. 1443. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. De las formas tribales al seoro tnico: don Garca Tulcanaza y la insercin de una jefatura en la formacin socio-econmica colonial, Arqueologa y etnohistoria del sur de Colombia y norte del Ecuador (item 690), p. 253-263. 1444. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Los doctrineros Wiracochas recreadores de nuevas formas culturales: estudios de caso en el Quito colonial, Reproduccin y transformacin de las sociedades andinas, siglos XVI-XX: simposio auspiciado por el Social Science Research Council, SSRC, Segundo Moreno Y., Frank Salomon, compiladores, 1 ed. (Quito: Abya-Yala; Roma: MLAL, Movimiento Laicos para Amrica Latina, 1991), t. 2, p. 529-553. Reexamines the role of Catholic priests as agents of cultural change and continuity during the colonial period. On the one hand, the clergy was largely responsible for substantive changes in indigenous culture, including the imposition of Quichua as a lingua franca. On the other, some doctrineros acculturated and to some extent helped preserve elements of the very culture the majority of their brethren sought to replace. 1445. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Elementos para una anlisis de la sociedad indgena en la Audiencia de Quito, Sarance, 6 (1978), 79-89. An analysis of the then state of the art of ethnohistorical and historical studies regarding indigenous groups during the colonial period. In that regard somewhat dated, but timeless insofar as Moreno Ynezs discussion of primary sources (published and archival) is concerned. Reprinted in item 607. 1446. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. El formulario de las ordenanzas de indios: una regulacin de las relaciones laborales en las haciendas y obrajes del Quito colonial y republicano, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 5:3 (1979), 227-241. Publishes and comments upon an 1851 Formulario de las ordenanzas de indios found among the private papers of a highland hacienda. Although this document dates from the mid-nineteenth century, it is based on autos issued by the Audiencia of Quito a century or more earlier. Reprinted in item 607. 1447. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. La sociedad indgena y su articulacin a la formacin socioeconmica colonial en la Audiencia de Quito, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 93-136. A reexamination of the role of Indians in the society and economy of the colony and of

the impact of the Spanish conquest and the established colony on Indian societies and polities by a leading ethnohistorian. 1448. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Sublevaciones indgenas en la Audiencia de Quito: desde comienzos del siglo XVIII hasta finales de la colonia, 3 ed. corr. y aum. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1985. 453 p. A revised edition of authors Ph. thesis, published under the same title: Bonn: Bonner amerikanistische Studien, 1976. The first systematic study of Indian uprisings in the highlands during the late colonial period. Comprehensive, well researched, and methodologically sound. As of the late 1990s, no comparable work for either the colonial period as a whole or the national period existed, but a more or less complete, although not always reliable, summary of indigenous movements during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century could be found in an otherwise not recommendable work, Oswaldo Albornoz Peraltas Las luchas indgenas en el Ecuador (Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad , 1976; 226 p.). 1449. Mrner, Magnus. Aspectos socioraciales del proceso de poblamiento de la Audiencia de Quito durante los siglos XVI y XVII, Homenaje a Jos Mara de la Pea y Cmara (Madrid: Ediciones Porrua, 1969), p. 265-287. Demonstrates that attempts of the early colonial period to resettle Indians into reducciones were only partially successful in the highlands and that royal decrees prohibiting Spaniards from residing in Indian pueblos were ignored. Reprinted in: Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 43-56. 1450. Moscoso, M.C. Indgenas y ciudades en el siglo XVI, Las Ciudades en la historia (item 558), p. 343-356. As it turned out, this item should have been included under Historia urbana as it is a study of the interaction between Spaniards and Andeans in Cuenca during the second half of the sixteenth century. 1451. Moscoso C., Luca. Aproximacin al estudio de los diezmos en la Real Audiencia de Quito, Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 127-140. A preliminary study of tithes. As the late 1990s, only Andrien had also utilized tithe data to examine the rural sector of the economy (see item 1343). 1452. Moscoso R., Leonardo. Compendio de la Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador. Ambato: Impr. y Librera Escolar de Ricardo Costales, 1920-1924. 3 v. An abridgement of Gonzlez Surezs Historia general (item 1388) 1453. Moya Torres, Luz del Alba. Auge y crisis de la cascarilla en la Audiencia de Quito, siglo XVIII, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1994. 251 p. Another original masters thesis from FLACSO. Outlines, to some extent fleshes out, and analyzes what had been a virtually unknown chapter in the economic history of the late colonial period, the trade in cinchona bark, the source of quinine. A solid study based on research in archives of Cuenca and Quito.

1454. Muoz Borrero, Eduardo. Entonces fuimos Espaa, 1492-1822, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Grficas Iberia, 1989. 765 p. A popular, semi-anecdotal history of the colonial and independence periods. 1455. Nueva Granada (Virreinato). Relaciones de mando de los virreyes de la Nueva Granada: memorias econmicas, edicin preparada por Gabriel Giraldo Jaramillo. Bogot: Banco de la Repblica, 1954. 283 p. 1456. Nueva Granada (Virreinato). Relaciones de los virreyes del Nuevo Reino de Granada, ahora Estados Unidos de Venezuela, Estados Unidos de Colombia y Ecuador ..., compiladas y publicadas por Jos Antonio Garca y Garca. Nueva York: Impr. de Hallet & Breen, 1869. xx, 705 p. Items 1455 and 1456, the latter of which is only partially superseded by the former, are basic sources for the study of the administration of the Presidency of Quito during the years it was subordinated to the Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717-1720 and 17391822). They also include demographic, economic, and social data. 1457. Nez Snchez, Jorge. Familias, elites y sociedades regionales en la Audiencia de Quito, 1750-1822, Historia de la mujer y la familia (Quito: Editora Nacional, 1991), p. 171-224. A pioneering essay on the composition and renovation of the creole aristocracy during the late colonial period, the differences in attitudes and ideologies of the elites by region, and their respective roles in the movements for independence. Based almost entirely on archival reseach either in the Archivo General de Indias itself or on Banco Centrals microfilm copies of Archivo General de Indias materials. See also Nez Snchezs Oligarquas regionales y familias oligrquicas en el Ecuador, 1765-1912, Europa e Iberoamrica: cinco siglos de intercambios: actas, IX Congreso Internacional de Historia de Amrica (Sevilla: Asociacin de Historiadores Latinoamericanos Europeos [AHILA]; Consejera de Cultura y Medio Ambiente [Junta de Andaluca], 1992), vol. 1, p. 107-125. Although the latter is a notable attempt to examine a neglected question, the relationship between regional oligarchies and oligarchy families, unfortunately Nez Snchez puts the cart before the horse; he presupposes that the basic characteristics of said families are known and that they were static. The former was hardly true and the latter, fallacious. 1458. OPhelan Godoy, Scarlett. Rebeliones anticoloniales: Nueva Granada, Per y Charcas entre el siglo XVIII y el XIX, Anuario de estudios americanos, 49 (1992), 395440. Includes a discussion of the 1765 uprising of the barrios of Quito, other late colonial rebellions in the highlands, and of the revolutions of 1809 and 1810-1812. See also OPhelans Por el rey, religin y patria: las juntas de gobierno de 1809 en La Paz y Quito, Bulletin de lInstitut franais detudes andines, 17:2 (1988), 51-80. 1459. Orden de traslado a Bogot del Archivo de la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1720, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (ago. 1968), 4-6. Fortunately this order was not implemented, but it is an interesting commentary on the

bureaucratic mentality of the empire and on what sometimes happened and still happens to archives, reorganization and/or transfer to other repository. 1460. Ordez de Cevallos, Pedro. Viage del mundo. Madrid: Luis Snchez, 1614. [10], 290, [4] leaves. The memoirs and travelogue of a soldier turned priest who spent some years among the Quijos, the Cofanes, and in the city of Quito during the late 1500s and early 1600s. Invaluable but beware the element of fable. The corresponding chapters are reproduced in: Cronistas coloniales (item 1318), vol. 2, p. 477-519; and the work as a whole has been reprinted several times (e.g., Madrid: Aguilar, 1958). 1461. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Economie et socit Quito (1765-1810), LAmrique espagnole lpoque des Lumires: tradition, innovation, reprsentations: (Colloque franco-espagnol du CNRS, 18-20 septembre 1986) (Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1987), p. 161-176. A cogent review of economic and social developments, especially in the highlands, during the late colonial period. Based on appropriate literature as well as the authors own considerable original research. Also published in Spanish as: Economa y sociedad en Quito (1765-1810), La Amrica Espaola en el siglo de las luces: tradicin, innovacin, representaciones: Coloquio franco-espaol, Maison des Pays Ibriques, Burdeos, 18-20 septiembre 1986 (Madrid: Ediciones de Cultura Hispnica, 1988), p. 183-199. 1462. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Los encomenderos de Quito, 1534-1660: origen y evolucin de una lite colonial. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos, 1993. xvi, 377 p. The first major study of encomienda holders in the highlands. A social history pieced together from a wide variety of sources, mostly original. A remarkable tour de force inasmuch as the majority of encomienda records per se for the Presidency of Quito do not appear to have survived. Delineates and elucidates emergence of regional and local elites during the first half of the colonial period. Well written, analyzed, and interpreted but more in the way of time lines, especially in the genealogical tables and discussion of encomendero families, would have been helpful. 1463. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Modelos peninsulares en la estratificacin social del Ecuador, Europa e Iberoamrica: cinco siglos de intercambios: actas, IX Congreso Internacional de Historia de Amrica (Sevilla: Asociacin de Historiadores Latinoamericanos Europeos [AHILA]; Consejera de Cultura y Medio Ambiente [Junta de Andaluca], 1992), vol. 1, p. 99-105. An outline of the Spanish model of social stratification that implicitly, if not inevitably, accompanied the Spaniards during the conquest of Quito and as it was subsequently implemented during the early colonial period. 1464. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. El obraje colonial ecuatoriano: aproximacin a su estudio, Revista de Indias, 37:149/150 (jul./dic. 1977), 471-541. A major contribution to the economic history of the colonial period. Although not the

first study of the textile industry based on Archivo General de Indias materials, it was the first professional study to utilize said sources and at the time of its publication, the most methodologically sophisticated. Reprinted in: Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:4 (1988), 63-142. 1465. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Obrajes y obrajeros del Quito colonial, Anuario de estudios americanos, 39 (1982), 341-365. An insightful overview of textile manufacturing in the northern and central highlands. Textiles were the motor of the economy of the northern and central highlands from the 1540s through the 1700s. 1466. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Las ordenanzas de obrajes de Matas de Peralta para la Audiencia de Quito, 1621: rgimen laboral de los centros textiles coloniales ecuatorianos, Anuario de estudios americanos, 33 (1976), 875-931. Publishes and analyzes the 1621 ordenanzas de obrajes, a major source for the study of the history of textile labor. 1467. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Las instituciones y la administracin de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1975. 296 p. A college level text. Of some usefulness as a handbook. Reprinted in a so-called 2 ed.: Guayaquil: Editorial UG, 1988. 287 p. 1468. Prez T., Aquiles R. Historia de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1956. 214 p. Notwithstanding the title, a survey of the colonial period. Notable because of the extensive archival research on which it is based. 1469. Prez T., Aquiles R. Las mitas en la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio del Tesoro, 1947. 536 p. The pioneering and nowadays the classic work on the forced labor system in Ecuador. Delineates and exemplifies the different kinds of mita to which indigenes were subject during the colonial period. Based on considerable original research, especially in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 1470. Phelan, John Leddy. The Kingdom of Quito in the Seventeenth Century: Bureaucratic Politics in the Spanish Empire. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1967. xvi, 432 p. A pioneering study of the Antonio de Morga years (1615-1636). Although primarily concerned with political developments, The Kingdom of Quito includes several chapters on demographic and economic developments during the early colonial period. Also published in a Spanish version: El Reino de Quito en el siglo XVII: la poltica burocrtica en el imperio espaol. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1995. 531 p. (Coleccin histrica; vol. 20) 1471. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Caminos y medios de transporte en nuestro 1er siglo colonial. [Guayaquil]: Comisin Permanente para la Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, 1985. [35] p.

Contains some useful information. 1472. Ponce Leiva, Pilar. Un espacio para la controversia: la Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVIII, Revista de Indias, 52:195/196 (mayo/dic. 1992), 839-865. A critical reexamination of the usual view, dating from coeval cries of decadence and despair, of the economy of the highlands as being in a state of crisis in the 1700s, and of the recent literature on the more or less concurrent economic boom of the coast. Ponce maintains that at worst the textile dependent economy of the northern and central highlands was in trouble, but that the economy of the more diversified southern highlands was holding its own, perhaps even growing. 1473. Powers, Karen Vieira. Indian Migration and Sociopolitical Change in the Audiencia of Quito. 1990. 509 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University. A revisionist study of the population history of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and an evaluation of the impact of migration on indigenous societies and of population movements on the socioeconomic development of the colony. Published in Spanish as: Prendas con pies: migraciones indgenas y supervivencia cultural en la Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1994. 429 p. See also item 5421. 1474. Powers, Karen Vieira. Resilient Lords and Indian Vagabonds: Wealth, Migration, and the Reproductive Transformation of Quitos Chiefdoms, 1500-1700, Ethnohistory, 38:3 (Summer 1991), 225-249. A study of the utilization of migrant Indians by ethnic lords to maintain their status and to enhance their wealth. Focuses on the Hatis of Latacunga. Also published in Spanish as: Seores dinmicos e indios vagabundos: riqueza, migracin y transformacin reproductiva de los cacicazgos de Quito, 1500-1700, Memoria, MARKA, ao 2, no. 2 (nov. 1991), 27-58. 1475. Pozo Alvarez, Gonzalo. Relieve de la patria: ensayo. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1957. 65 p. Consists of miscellaneous, wholly unsupported, and frequently erroneous statements in leftist prose on the colonial and independence periods. Of no historiographical value whatsoever. Of interest only to students of history as (mis)perceived and of pseudoMarxism. 1476. Primeras doctrinas en la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1570-1640, estudio preliminar y transcripcin de las relaciones eclesiales y misionales de los siglos XVI y XVII [por] Hugo Burgos Guevara, 1ra ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. xliii, 488 p. Publishes--mostly for the first time--31 relaciones ranging in time from 1552 through 1648, and in theme from the organization and staffing of the Diocese of Quito through the complaints of caciques, indios principales, and pueblos regarding abuses of the clergy. A major set of primary materials not only for the history of the church in Ecuador but more importantly for the study of the interaction of conquerors and conquered and the persistence of autochthonous beliefs and practices during the early colonial period. Includes a solid introductory study by Burgos Guevara. 1477. Primicias de la cultura de Quito. Quito: [Impr.de] Raymundo Salazar, 1792. 7

nos. 56 p. Ecuadors first periodical as well as the organ of the short lived Sociedad Patritica de Amigos del Pas de Quito. Largely authored by Eugenio Espejo, the papers editor. Reprinted by the Archivo Municipal de Quito in facsimile in 1947 (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 23), and in modern typeface by the Museo de Arte e Historia in 1953 (Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Arte e Historia; 29). Both reprints include the Instruccin previa sobre el papel peridico, intitulado Primicias de la cultura de Quito (Quito:[Impr.de] Raymundo Salazar, 1791; [5] p.) and the separately paginated Suplemento al papel peridico: Primicias de la cultura de Quito del da 5 de enero de 1792 (11 p.). 1478. Quintero, Rafael. El estado colonial, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 7-56. A thoughtful and thought provoking review of the economic, political, and social structures of the Presidency of Quito. 1479. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. La acusacin contra el Presidente electo Dn. Jos de Araujo y Ro, sobre la introduccin de mercancas ilcitas a su llegada a Quito en diciembre de 1736, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:163/154 (1989), 249-272. Examines the undoubtedly true charges that President elect Araujo introduced merchandise illicitly prior to and upon taking office. Perhaps the only novelty in the charges is the amount and blatancy of the traffic. Inasmuch as Araujo donated 26,000 pesos--probably borrowed--to obtain the office, he needed to recover his investment. 1480. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. El bien comn como pretexto del Presidente Jos de Araujo para crear una compaa de soldados y prohibir el aguardiente de caa en Quito en 1737, Revista andina, 11:22 (dic. 1993), 381-402. President Araujo established a company of soldiers not only for his protection and that of his spouse but to enforce the prohibition of the distillation and sale of sugar cane aguardiente. Ramos Gmez agrees with Araujos detractors that the President was less concerned with the public good than he was in lining Victorino Montero's and indirectly his own pockets. Brother-in-law Victorino was the local distributer of grape aguardiente. 1481. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. Dos pareceres sobre el salario de los mitayos de Quito en 1735: el informe a la Audiencia de Martnez de Arizala, visitador de Cuenca, y el parecer del fiscal Lujn, Histrica, 20:2 (dic. 1996), 271-283. A well researched article on the divergent views of two members of the Audiencia regarding the salary to be paid and treatment accorded mitayos. Understandably the proposals of Lujn, the protector de naturales, were more favorable to mitayos than those of Martnez de Arizala, who sided with the local elite, but they were based on ordinances written for the Perus that had little or nothing to do with the realities of Quito. 1482. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. Un ejemplo de la lucha por el poder en Quito, Cultura,

8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 117-132. Examines the 1737 struggle between the president of the Audiencia and the Cabildo over who should serve as alcaldes ordinarios de primer y segundo voto. At issue was who would control the citys government, Araujo and his allies or those members of the local elite who opposed him. 1483. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. La estructura social quitea entre 1737 y 1745 segn el proceso contra Jos de Araujo, Revista de Indias, 51:191 (ene./abr. 1991), 25-56. Examines shifting alliances and fortunes of prominent members of the elite as revealed by analysis of proceedings against Araujo. 1484. Ramos Gmez, Luis J. La pugna por el poder local en Quito entre 1737 y 1745 segn el proceso contra el Presidente de la Audiencia Jos de Araujo y Ro, Revista complutense de historia de Amrica, 18 (1992), 179-196. Discusses the documents that provided the basis for the allegations of bribery and corruption brought against Araujo y Ro by Juan de Valpardo and his supporters. 1485. Ramos Prez, Demetrio. El cambio de las mentalidades sociales en Quito en la poca del despotismo ilustrado, Jahrbuch fr Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, 26 (1989), 85-111. A somewhat rambling and not altogether convincing attempt to demonstrate that the mentality of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries was moralistic and humane whereas that of the eighteenth was pragmatic and utilitarian. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:153/154 (1989), 57-83. 1486. Real cdula de 31 de diciembre de 1704 e informacin respecto a su cumplimiento en relacin con que cesase enteramente el entero y servicio de la mita, en los obrajes de esa provincia, que manteniendose estos, se compusiese el trabajo de ellos, de solo indios voluntarios, etc., etc., Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 5:7/8 (ene./jun. 1959), 37-46. 1487. Recopilacin de documentos oficiales de la poca colonial: con un apndice relativo a la independencia de Guayaquil y a las batallas de Pichincha, Junn, Ayacucho y Tarqu, [editada por Cornelio Escipin Vernaza]. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. xii, 335 p. A photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Guayaquil, 1894. Still useful, notwithstanding defects of transcription. 1488. Reig Satorres, Jos. Cabildo, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 5:10 (dic. 1976), 9-24. 1489. Reig Satorres, Jos. Medios de socorrer y fomentar el Reyno de Quito y sus vasallos, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1981), 647-714. Publishes with a substantial introductory essay the late eighteenth-century Expediente sobre los medios de socorrer, y fomentar el Reyno de Quito ..., an important source on the state of the colony and coeval thought on how to grow the economy.

1490. Reig Satorres, Jos. Precisiones sobre la Audiencia y la Presidencia de Quito, Revista chilena de historia del derecho, 11 (1985), 377-403. Distinguishes between the Audiencia and the Presidency of Quito. The two entities overlapped jurisdictionally but were not synonymous territorially as has been maintained by some Ecuadorian scholars and at least one Spanish jurist (see item 1500). The failure to distinguish between audiencia and presidency has resulted in a number of misinterpretations regarding administrative developments of the colonial period as well as questions of authority. 1491. Reig Satorres, Jos. Reales audiencias, Autos acordados de la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1578-1722 (item1350), p. 525-614. 1492. Relaciones geogrficas de la Nueva Granada (siglos XVI a XIX), recopilacin, seleccin, proemio, notas y edicin de Vctor Manuel Patio. Cali: Impr. Departamental, 1983. 556 p. Presumably important for the study of what is now northern Ecuador and southern Colombia. Unfortunately, I have not been able to see this item as it appears to be held, at least in the United States and Canada, only by the University of Texas at Austin and the University of Hawaii at Manoa Libraries, neither one of which would lend it. 1493. Relaciones geogrficas de la Presidencia de Quito, 1776-1815, transcripcin de Nadia Flores de Nez; notas de explicacin, Alfredo Costales y Juan Freile Granizo. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 155 p. Publishes nine late colonial period descriptions of the Upper Amazon Basin, including territory of the Bracamoros, Xbaro (i.e., Shuar and Achuar), and Quijos peoples. Bulk of information concerns inroads of extractive economy, notably canela and quinine. The originals are in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. Also published as: Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 14:20 (sept. 1976) 1494. Relaciones histrico-geogrficas de la Audiencia de Quito: s. XVI-XIX, edicin, estudio introductorio y transcripcin por Pilar Ponce Leiva. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Centro de Estudios Histricos, Departamento de Historia de Amrica, 1991-1992. 2 v. Consists of 62 previously published but newly transcribed for the most part and 35 previously unpublished relaciones geogrficas of the Audiencia of Quito. Major compendium of basic sources for reconstruction of demographic history, ethnohistory, local and regional, and socioeconomic history of the colonial period. Indexed. There is also an Ecuadorian edition: Quito: MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992-1994. 2 v. 1495. Rengel Valdivieso, Jorge Hugo. La familia ecuatoriana en la colonia, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8315), t. 2, p. 131-145. A legal approach of limited validity. Based on ideals or norms as expressed in the Recopilacin de leyes de los reynos de las Indias. Does not even broach the question of the application of said ideals or norms, let alone deviations or violations thereof. 1496. Revelo, Luis Alberto. El estanco de aguardiente a finales del perodo colonial

(1765-1822), Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 141-156. A student paper on the cane liquor monopoly. Includes archival data. 1497. Rodrguez Fernndez, Francisco. Ideario de don Francisco Rodrguez Fernndez, prroco criollo en los Andes (1696), Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:3 (1988), 145-241. Reprint; originally published: Anuario de estudios americanos, 17 (1960), 301-406. Extracts with interspersed commenary by Juan Prez de Tudela Bueso from an extensive treatise (El pecado original: exhortacin previa a los reinos de las Indias, sobre el lamentable estado a que los va reduciendo su culpa original con la serpiente enemiga [282 folios]) by the cura doctrinero of Ticsn in the Corregimiento of Cuenca on the lamentable state not just of his flock, but of native Andeans throughout the highlands in the late 1600s. An exceptionally important source. 1498. Rueda Novoa, Roco. La ruta a la Mar del Sur: un proyecto de las lites serranas en Esmeraldas (s. XVIII), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 3 (segundo semestre 1992), 33-54. Adds some new data to attempts of Quito to open an alternative route to the coast via the Province of Esmeraldas. Especially concerned with the Barn de Carondelets Malbucho project. 1499. Salomon, Frank. The Fury of Andrs Arvalo: Disease Bundles of a Colonial Andean Shaman, Political Anthropology of Ecuador (item 7956), p. 83-105. Regarding the witchcraft allegedly practiced by a traditional healer in the early eighteenth century in the pueblo of Paccha near Zaruma. Also published in Spanish as: La furia de Andrs Arvalo: envoltorio de enfermedades de un shaman andino colonial in Antropologa poltica en el Ecuador, p. 115-137. 1500. Salomon, Frank. Shamanism and Politics in Late Colonial Ecuador, American Ethnologist, 10:3 (Aug. 1983), 413-428. Examines four trials of native brujos between 1703 and 1786. Demonstrates that the judicial system could be manipulated by shamans. The conflicts they exploited were specifically economic (e.g., expansion of cattle-ranching into native zones), but the Spanish authorities prosecuted on demonological, not political, grounds, and in so doing, strengthened the shamanss prestige and power. Also published in Spanish as: Shamanismo y poltica en la ltima poca colonial del Ecuador, Cultura, 7:21a (ene./abr. 1985), 487-509. 1501. Snchez Bella, Ismael. Quito, audiencia subordinada, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 5 (1980), 1-46. A study of how the subordination of the Audiencia of Quito to the viceroy of Peru functioned in theory and in practice. 1502. Snchez Villavicencio, Dora; and Luis Torres Caldern. Formacin econmicosocial precapitalista del Ecuador (etapa colonial) Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1982. 62 p.

The authorss thesis in Economics. Adds nothing whatsoever to the elucidation of economic and social developments and events of the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries. As good an example as any, however, of the misapplication of Marxism and the so-called scientific approach to past by some national scholars. N.B. It is not the application of la concepcin materialista de la historia to which I object, but the fact that Snchez Villavicencio and Torres Caldern appear to be inadequately grounded in historical materialism and obvious from the paucity of their bibliographic references that they are less than adequately steeped in knowledge and interpretations of the colonial period of their own country. Yet Snchez Villavicencio and Torres Caldern are probably representative of the majority of Marxist academicians and scholars in Ecuador, at least as of the late twentieth century. 1503. Santilln, Hernando de. Carta dirigida por el primer presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito, el licenciado Hernando de Santilln, al rey don Felipe II, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 109-111. A 1570 recapitulation of Santillns accomplishments as the first President of Quito. Published with a brief note by Carlos Manuel Larrea. 1504. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Estructura jurdico-administrativa de la Audiencia de Quito en el ocaso del imperio espaol, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1981), 207-237. A solid introduction to the administrative structure of the colony. 1505. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Hacienda pblica del Reino de Quito, Revista del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte, 17:52 (1940), 66-71. 1506. Simposio por los 250 aos de la Misin Cientfica Franco-Espaola a la Amrica Ecuatorial (1986: Quito, Ecuador). Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:153/154 (1989), 4-405; 73:155/156 (1990), 9-211. Publishes the proceedings of the symposium held in Quito 7-12 July 1986 on the Earth Measuring Expedition of 1736. Only those ponencias having something original to say are listed separately here within. 1507. Sobre el camino de Ibarra a Esmeraldas, [versin de] Carlos Manuel Larrea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:86 (jul./dic. 1955), 265-266. Additional sources on the road to Esmeraldas. 1508. Super, John C. Partnership and Profit in the Early Andean Trade: The Experiences of Quito Merchants, 1580-1610, Journal of Latin American Studies, 11:2 (Nov. 1979), 265-281. A pioneering study of early colonial merchants of Quito. Based on notrarial records in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. Also published in Spanish as: Empresarios quiteos en 1580-1620, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 8:16 (dic. 1979), 5-20; and as: Compaas y utilidades en el comercio andino temprano: la prctica de los comerciantes de Quito, 1580-1610, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:1 (primer semestre 1987), 59-79.

1509. Szszdi, Istvan. El indio en la Dicesis de Quito hasta el snodo de 1570, Cuadernos prehispnicos, 8 (1980), 139-170. Although this article includes some ethnographic data from the acts of the 1570 synod, it consists mostly of praise for Archbishop Pedro de la Pea. 1510. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Censos, capellanas y lites: aspectos sociales del crdito en Quito colonial (primera mitad del siglo XVIII), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 1 (1991), 23-48. Studies utilization of loans from ecclesiastical entities and endowments of chaplaincies as vehicles of credit by elite of the capital during the first half of the 1700s. Also examines social aspects thereof. A well researched, novel contribution. 1511. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Los proyectos del imperio borbnico en la Real Audiencia de Quito, 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala; Taller de Estudios Histricos, 1988. 114 p. An original tesis de maestra on administrative reforms attempted as well as implemented by the Bourbons in the Audiencia of Quito. See also item 1512. 1512. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Los rasgos de la configuracin social en la Audiencia de Quito, Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 11-19. An overview of the social structure and change of the colony from the Spanish conquest through the eve of independence. Especially concerned with the Los mestizos en la sociedad colonial, to whom the entire issue is devoted (see also items 1369, 1390, 1396, and 1530). 1513. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Sinopsis histrica del siglo XVIII, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 4, p. 261-300. A revisionist account by an upcoming Ecuadorian historian of political and economic developments of the eighteenth century, especially of the selective implementation of the Bourbon reforms in the Audiencia of Quito and of their impact. See also item 1510. 1514. Tern Najas, Rosemarie; and Mara Elena Porras P. Las cofradas serficas: estudios de casos, Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 57-69. A student paper on Franciscan sponsored brotherhoods throughout the Presidency. Important because it is based on research in the Archivo General de la Orden Franciscana in Quito. 1515. Tisns J., Roberto Mara. Don Juan de la Cruz Mourgen: 35 presidente de la Presidencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 164-181. De la Cruz was the penultimate president of Quito (24 Dec. 1820-8 Apr. 1822) 1516. Tisns J., Roberto Mara. Eclesisticos y autoridades en la colonia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 123-127. Research notes regarding a quarrel between the President of the Audiencia and a diocesan priest. The Barn de Carondelet charged Father Mariano Enrquez with libel

and slander and had him arrested. 1517. Tisns J., Roberto Mara. Movimientos pre-independientes gran colombianos. Bogot: Edit. e Impr. Salesianas, 1963. 351 p. On precursor movements and tendencies in what would become Ecuador, see p. 293330. Extensively researched and well documented. 1518. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Aspectos jurdicos de la erecin de la Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 174-192. Primarily of interest to students of institutions. 1519. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Las instituciones del perodo hispnico, especialmente en la Presidencia de Quito. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1974. 479 p. A vade mecum on the institutions and institutional history of the colonial period. 1520. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El restablecimiento de la Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 19:55 (ene./jun. 1940), 5-12. Maintains that Gonzlez Surez and those who have parroted him were incorrect in asserting that the Audiencia of Quito was suppressed for a total of six years (17171722) during the initial annexation of the Presidency to the new Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada. Tobar argues instead, through documentary evidence, that the Audiencia was suppressed on 28 Oct. 1718, upon the realization of the transfer of judicial as well as administrative functions to Santaf de Bogot, only to be reestablished by royal decree of 18 Feb. 1720, the latter of which was not effectuated, however, until 26 March 1722. 1521. Valencia, Pedro de. Relaciones de Indias. I. Nueva Granada y Virreinato de Per, estudios introductorios y notas histricas por Jess Paniagua Prez; edicin crtica por Francisco Javier y Jess Fuente Fernndez. Len: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Len, 1993. 519 p. Additional research has revealed that the well known relaciones geogrficas of the early seventeenth century were compiled by Pedro de Valencia (1555-1620), in 1607 and 1608, utilizing the responses received to the 1604 questionnaire prepared by him. This vol. consists of new transcriptions replete with explanatory notes, based on manuscript originals in the Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid, of: Los Quijos; Panam; Portobelo; Tunja; Nuestra Seora de Leiva; Villar Don Pardo; Los Pueblos de la villa de el Villar Don Pardo; Guayaquil y Portoviejo; Jan de Bracamoros; Relacin de San Leandro de Jan, Baeza y Guayaquil; and Santiago de la Frontera y su distrito. 1522. Valencia Sala, Gladys. El mayorazgo en la Audiencia de Quito, Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 107-125. A prcis of authors original thesis on entailed estates (item 1522). 1523. Valencia Sala, Gladys. El mayorazgo en la Audiencia de Quito. Quito: AbyaYala, 1994. 133 p.

The authors masters thesis. Based on research in the Archivo Nacional de Historia. Exemplifies institutionalization of entitled estates through a study of the properties of the Snchez de Orellana or marqueses de Solanda. 1524. Vargas, Jos Mara. Audiencia de Quito: residencias y visitas del siglo XVI, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 5-17; 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 52-61. A brief review of judicial reviews of the early seventeenth century (i.e., through the administration of President Morga [1614-1636]). 1525. Vargas, Jos Mara. Los cacicazgos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 250-264. Consists of miscellaneous research notes. 1526. Vargas, Jos Mara. Creacin de la Real Audiencia de Quito: su valor histrico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 193-201. A utilitarian essay inasmuch as it delineates the cities and towns in the Governorships of Popayn and Quito that were included in the new audiencia. 1527. Vargas, Jos Mara. Don Hernando de Santilln y la fundacin de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 173 p. A well documented study of the first president of the Audiencia of Quito and of the establishment of the audiencia. 1528. Vargas, Jos Mara. La economia poltica del Ecuador durante la colonia. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, [1981]. 366 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 15) Reprint; originally published: Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1957. xvi, 322 p. The reprint includes an Estudio introductorio by Carlos Marchn Romero (p. 13-58). The first and as of July 1997, still almost the only economic history of the entire colonial period. The only exception was item 687. 1529. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia del Ecuador, siglo XVI. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1977. 344 p. As of July 1997, items 1528 and 1529 constituted the most detailed study of the first half of the colonial period since Gonzlez Surezs Historia general de la Repblica del Ecuador (item 1388). Quasi-modern in approach inasmuch as Father Vargas includes some coverage of economic and social as well as cultural developments. Based on several decades of research and reflection. Nonetheless, these two items are chronicles, however modern, primarily of the city of Quito and the north-central highlands, rather than true histories of the entire colony. 1530. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia del Ecuador, siglo XVII. Quito: Editora Royal, [1979]. 296 p. Continues item 1529. 1531. Vela, Mara Susana. Mulato conocido y reputado por tal, Quitumbe, 9 (jun.

1995), 77-88. A student paper on racial passing during the late colonial period. Interestingly enough mulattoes found it legally and socially advantageous to petition to be recognized as mestizos. Based on archival research. 1532. Velasco, Juan de. Historia del Reino de Quito en la Amrica Meridional. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1977-1979. 3 v. One of the only two scholarly acceptable and apparently textually accurate versions (as of July 1997) of this classic, late eighteenth-century history of pre-Hispanic and colonial Ecuador by Quitos most famous Jesuit expulso. The other is the edition prepared by Espinosa Plit for the Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima, (item 541). The Casa de la Cultura version was prepared from one of the two known manuscript originals, the one in the Real Academia de la Historia in Madrid, whereas Espinosa Plit worked from the coeval copy now held by the Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit. There is yet another modern edition, but it does not include the Historia natural: Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1981. Edicin. prlogo, notas y cronologa, Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. 1533. Velasco Abad, Fernando. La estructura econmica de la Real Audiencia de Quito: notas para su anlisis, Ecuador pasado y presente (item 572), p. 61-110. A refreshingly novel essay for its time. Velasco Abad attempted to analyze the economic structure of the colonial period in accordance with its internal realities and its role within the economy of the Spanish empire at large. Also he recognized that the Spanish sector of the economy of the Kingdom of Quito was at least quasi-capitalistic. 1534. Velasco y Unda, Ignacio de. El terremoto de 1797, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 228-242. A detailed account of the earthquake of Feb. 4, 1797, by Josep M. Barnadas, who reproduces the request for information on the disaster submitted by Velasco y Unda, the procurator of the Cabildo of Riobamba, to the Corregidor of Riobamba. Hence the confusion on the part of the editors of the Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia as to the authorship of this piece. Includes a documentary appendix. 1535. Villalba F., Jorge. El licenciado Miguel de Ibarra: sexto presidente de la Audiencia de Quito, su gobernador y capitn general, 1550-1608. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1991. 442 p. An in-depth study of Ecuador in the early 1600s as well as of the administration of the sixth president of the Audiencia. Well researched but poorly proofed. 1536. Villalba F., Jorge. Los obrajes de Quito en el siglo XVII y la legislacin obrera, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 8 (1986), 43-212. A data rich study on the trade in as well as manufacture of textile and on the various attempts by viceroys, presidents, and oidores to mitigate the abuse of Indian labor in the 1600s. 1537. Villalengua, Juan Josef. Relacin exacta y circunstanciada de todos los

empleos polticos de Real Hacienda y militares que hay en la ciudad de Quito y toda su provincia ... (29 marzo 1790), Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 4:6 (ene./dic. 1956), 64-108; 5:7/8 (ene./jun. 1959), 6-36. An audiencia wide register of royal and local bureaucrats as of 1790. Includes a muster of the military. 1538. Villegas, Juan. Negros y mulatos esclavos: Audiencia de Quito. Montevideo: Centro de Estudios de Historia Americana, 1992. 25 leaves. Consists of research notes. Mimeographed. 1539. La Visita de Garca de Len y Pizarro a la Audiencia de Quito: (aporte documental), [con una nota introductoria por] Eduardo Martir, Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1980), 323-344. Publishes with an introduction the 7 Dec. 1782 Resolucin adoptada por la corona acera de las medidas tomadas en la visita a la Audiencia de Quito por el Regente y Visitador General don Jos Garca de Len y Pizarro. 1540. Vivanco, Carlos A. Anotaciones para los cacicazgos ecuatorianos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 119-152. 1541. Vivanco, Carlos A. La Real Audiencia de Quito en el siglo XVI, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (ene./jun. 1950), 7-21. 1542. Washburn, Douglas A. The Bourbon Reforms: A Social and Economic History of the Audiencia of Quito, 1760-1810. 1984. xi, 281 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. At the time of its presentation as well as in retrospect Washburns doctoral dissertation was important only for some of the data, especially demographic and fiscal, it contains. Washburn displays an inadequate grasp of the literature, including such critical studies as those by Rosemary D.F. Bromley, Nicholas P. Cushner, and Javier Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, on the late colonial period and of altogether too many important works on the 10 de agosto, and a tendency to wring far too much from the data. His analysis and interpretation of demographic, economic, social, and political events and developments in Quito per se and the north-central highlands are not only overdrawn but frequently erroneous in light of what was known as well as unknown as of the early 1980s. His discussions of the characteristics of the elite, the sales tax rebellion of 1765, and the abortive rebellion of lords and lawyers of 1809 and Quitos subsequent attempt to establish independence in 1810-1812 are especially weak and poorly nuanced. Also it should be noted that although Washburn has something to say, sometimes of significance, about what was happening in Cuenca and Guayaquil and their districts during the late colonial period, The Bourbon Reforms is primarily about the city of Quito and its district. 1543. Wenzel, Karl-Heinz. Wandel in der Landwirtschaft bei den Indianern in der Audiencia de Quito im 16. Jahrhundert. Bonn: Holos, 1987. 162 p. A masters thesis on the takeover of ayllu or community lands in the 1500s by Spaniards and caciques. Done at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat in

Bonn. 1544. Wolf, Teodoro. Crnica de los fenmenos volcnicos y terremotos en el Ecuador: con algunas noticias sobre otros pases de la Amrica Central y Meridional, desde 1533 a 1797. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1904. 120 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1873. Also reprinted in: Anales de la Universidad Central, 19:132 (oct. 1903), 26-40; 19:133 (nov. 1903), 78-99; 19:134 (dic. 1903), 37-177; 19:135 (ene. 1905), 223-264. A basic reference work. 1545. Ziga, Neptal. El camino de Quito a Tierra Firme, Revista de Indias, 9:33/34 (jul./dic. 1948), 891-948. A comprehensive, well researched review of the several efforts of Quito to open a road to Esmeraldas with emphasis on Maldonados project. See also item 3701.

BIBLIOGRAFIA HISTORICA DEL ECUADOR Vol. I por MICHAEL T. HAMERLY PERIODO NACIONAL As of the late 1990s, the political history of the national period, regardless of whether the national period is defined as having begun in 1809, or in 1830, was well known and had been recounted not just in considerable detail but multiple times, from the conservative, the liberal, the socialist, and the communist points of views, and in a few instances, more or less impartially and objectively. Moreover, the economic history of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had begun to be studied in depth. Population history, however, had barely begun to be cultivated, and much of the social history that had been done, suffers from a major ideological bias. Almost all the studies by social scientists--regardless of nationality--and historians trained or influenced by social scientists--and therefore virtually the entire cadre of professionally trained historians in Ecuador as of the late 1990s--were predicated on Marxist or MarxistLeninist paradigms, not just in their assumption of the working out of the class struggle whereby the triumph of the Liberals in 1895, for example, has been depicted as a revolution during the course of which the capitalist bourgeoisie of the coast displaced, if not overthrew, the traditional landowners of the highlands--the feudal aristocracy according to some scholars--but in their assumption that the class structure of the country existed and continues to exist primarily in political-economic terms. I would be the last to deny that elites, bourgeoisie, petite bourgeoisie, proletarians, and peasants exist in Ecuador, but I remain unconvinced that they exist as conceived by Marx and Engels or by Marx, Engels, and Lenin. What were needed--desperately needed, perhaps still needed --were/are analyses of the social structure that take into account place as well as period, and the whole gamut of variables involved (i.e., age, education, ethnicity, family, gender, income, lo andino, nationality as well as national origin, occupational status, political power, the urban/rural dichotomy, etc.). In other words, endogenous models based on Ecuadorian realities, not exogenous European paradigms. In fairness to national scholars, however, it cannot be overemphasized that as of the late 1990s, original research, especially but not exclusively insofar as economic, population, and social history are concerned, remained the province of the independently wealthy (usually amateurs), on the one hand, and subsidized scholars, on the other. But the months and years of archival, field, library, museum, and/or private collection research required to produce historical demographic and/or social historical studies do not usually appeal to financially well off amateurs--just as well inasmuch as they lack the methodological training required to do such work--and the subsidies (including full time, well paying, time release positions as well as grants) required by professional researchers to undertake in depth, systematic, and long term

research in order to produce the compendia of published sources, monographic studies, and time series needed to develop solid economic, population, and social histories of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, remained few and far between. Nonetheless, it also cannot be overemphasized that more than sufficient endogenous sources and more than adequate exogenous methodologies existed and exist for the reconstruction of regional and national models based on regional and national realities, provided the professionally trained researcher is willing and in a position to put in the time and effort. Fortunately this sometimes happens, sometimes with spectacular results. Case in point is the brilliant study by Andrs Guerrero, La semntica de la dominacin (item 1937), a work that contributes more to the reconstruction of the history and the elucidation of hacendados/haciendas and huasipungos/huasipungeros, at least in the northern highlands, than the entire body of indigenista and social protest literature conjointly as well as individually.

LA INDEPENDENCIA Y BAJO LA GRAN COLOMBIA(1809-1830) The year 1809 constitutes a watershed in the history of Ecuador. For some scholars 1809 marks the beginning of the end of the colonial period. For others it signifies the commencement of the national period. Strong, more or less equally valid arguments can be made for both points of view. Far more often than not, however, authors who stretch the colonial period to 1830, or those who begin the national period in 1809, do not address the issue but assume agreement with their periodization of Ecuadorian history on the part of the scholarly community and therefore also the general reader. To cite just a few examples, Frank MacDonald Spindler begins his account of Nineteenth Century Ecuador (item 2186) with a survey of The Epoch of Independence and Gran Colombia, 1808-1830" but does not explain why 1808" was a pivotal year. Linda Alexander Rodrguez presumes that the national period began in 1830 in her The Search for Public Policy: Regional Politics and Government Finances in Ecuador, 18301940 (item 1975). Kenneth J. Andrien ends coverage of the colonial period in 1830 on the grounds that it marked the culmination of the independence movements and therefore the end of the colonial period in his The Kingdom of Quito, 1690-1830 (item1343). Parenthetically, it cannot be over emphasized, that Andriens and Rodrguezs books have provided us with comprehensive and scholarly sound coverage of the political economy of Ecuador for two-and-a-half centuries (1690-1940), or somewhat more than half of the countrys history, for the first time in the historiography of Ecuador. The Oxford trained Enrique Ayala Mora, however, adopted 1822 as the beginning year for coverage of the political history of the national period in his Lucha poltica y origen de los partidos en Ecuador (item 2007). At the same time Ayala is one of the few Euadorianists to have addressed the problems of periodization. The only other was and may still be Gorki Elizalde in Periodizacin histrica del Ecuador (item 573), but Elizaldes analysis is so superficial as to be worthless. This is what Ayala has to say:

No se ha discutido suficientemente si el proceso de independencia y la efmera vida de la Gran Colombia, constituyen una poca histrica separada, o si deben, en rigor, ser considerados como el perodo final de la Colonia o el inicial de la Repblica. No cabe duda de que esos aos que van desde 1809 hasta 1830 tienen sustantividad propia y atestiguan acelerados cambios, dramticos conflictos y una prolongada guerra que devino en el comienzo de la vida del Ecuador. Pero pueden ser vistos como el inicio de la poca Republicana, en la medida en que constituyeron la ruptura definitiva del orden colonial y el lapso en el que se ensayaron inicialmente regmenes autnomos (Periodizacin de la historia del Ecuador [item 533], p. 240). As of the late 1990s, the most complete as well as the most objective account of the movements for independence in Ecuador as a whole was Demetrio Ramos Prezs Entre El Plata y Bogot (item 1835). Nonetheless, Ramos Prezs work suffers from many lacunae, largely because the historiography of the independence period on which he depended, continued to be skewed rather than balanced in terms of the period as a whole and far from adequate insofar as economic and social developments are concerned. There were many books and even more articles on the 10 de agosto. The most significant monographs were: Manuel Mara Borreros Quito, luz de Amrica (item 1580) and his La revolucin quitea, 1809-1812 (item 1581); Carlos De la Torre Reyess La revolucin de Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1628); Jos Gabriel Navarros La revolucin de Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1780); Alfredo Ponce Ribadeneiras Quito, 1809-1812 (item 1824); and Jorge Salvador Laras La patria heroica (item 1856). See also item 566. The classic account of the 9 de octubre and the Provincia Libre de Guayaquil was and will probably remain Camilo Destruges 1920 Historia de la revolucin de octubre y la campaa libertadora de 1820-22 (item 1636). But see also the more recent studies of David J. Cubitt (items 1608-1613), Estrada Ycaza (item 1659), and Mariano Fazio Fernndez (item 1666). Cubitt reexamined economic and social as well as political aspects of the short-lived Free Province. Estrada Ycaza offered a new account of the role of Guayaquil in the movements for independence. Fazio Fernndez reviewed the political philosophies of the men of October in depth and with fresh perspective. The most important accounts of the 3 de noviembre were Alfonso Mara Borreros classic Cuenca en Pichincha (item 1577) and Octavio Codero Palacios also standard Crnicas documentadas para la historia de Cuenca (item 1601). Latacunga has been well served by Neptal Ziga. See his Historia de Latacunga: independencia (item 1896). The best study of Lojas participation in the movements for independence appeared to be Alejandro Carrins La independencia de Loja (item 1590). Insofar as other towns and the provinces are concerned, one had and may still have to make do with brief sketches and patriotic discourses for the most part. But see also Carmen Dueas de Anhalzers doctoral dissertation, The Political Culture in the Presidency of Quito at Independence: a Regional Comparison, subsequently published in Spanish as: Marqueses, cacaoteros, y vecinos de Portoviejo: (cultura poltica en la Presidencia de Quito) (item 1651).

Ecuadorians had given, and may still give, short shift to the Gran Colombian years. The most detailed, well researched, and objective accounts, again as of the late 1990s, were those of the Argentine Jesuit Fazio Fernndez, El Guayaquil colombiano, 18221830 (item 1665) and the doctoral dissertation by the North American Roger P. Davis, Ecuador under Gran Colombia (item 1623). The history of Ecuador is even more intertwined with that of Colombia during the independence period than it was during the colonial period. Fortunately there is a relatively recent as well as comprehensive guide to the literature and published sources: Javier Ocampo Lpezs Historiografa y bibliografa de la emancipacin del Nuevo Reino de Granada (Tunja: Universidad Pedaggica y Tecnolgica de Colombia, 1969). And of course, one may update Ocampo Lpez through the pages of the ongoing Handbook of Latin American Studies. In addition to the individual and collected primary sources listed here within, it should be noted that virtually every issue of the Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia and of Museo Histrico contains documents of greater or lesser importance on the independence and Gran Colombian years. Almost all of the literature on the independence and Gran Colombian years focuses on political developments. The most comprehensive coverage of demographic, economic, and social developments for any of the three major regions continued to be Michael T. Hamerlys Historia social y econmica de la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, 1763-1842 (item 5976). When I wrote the aforesaid work (in the early 1970s), originally presented as my doctoral dissertation (in 1970), I deliberately chose not to be drawn into the controversy regarding the encounter between Bolvar and San Martn in the port city in July 1822. Most of the literature on the subject was and remains not just passionate but inflamed. Now as then I refuse to be baited by this can of worms. Nonetheless, I have included and annotated the more important of the relevant studies below, but do not pretend to have resolved all of the bibliographic and substantive conundrums related thereto. It will be noted that for the most part I have not listed works of fiction such as Manuel J. Calles Leyendas del tiempo heroico: episodios de la guerra de la independencia. Although such pseudo chronicles have passed as history among intellectuals as well as the population at large, they are best forgotten. Nonetheless, their importance as primary sources for the study of mentalits should not be overlooked.

1546. El 2 de agosto de 1810: la verdadera historia: (del archivo del Dr. Jos Gabriel Navarro), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 41:96 (jul./dic. 1960), 236-251. Publishes miscellaneous primary sources from Navarros private collection. 1547. Achig S., Lucas. La estructura administrativa de la Gobernacin de Cuenca en el siglo XIX (1820-1822), Revista del IDIS, 8 (abr. 1980), 43-82. Reconstructs the political history of the Governorship of Cuenca during the two years preceding Cuencas declaration of independence. Based on original research.

1548. Actas de las elecciones de diputados al Congreso de la Sancin del Plan de Gobierno de la Provincia Libre e Independiente de Cuenca, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 1 (1979), 153-193. 1549. La Actuacin de Juan Po Montfar y su familia en la independencia del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 39:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 280-284. 1550. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. La independencia de Cuenca: relato histrico. Cuenca: Tip. Municipal, 1943. 16 p. 1551. Alemn, Hugo. Sucre: parbola ecuatorial. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1970. 440 p. An eulogistic account of the heroe of Pichincha. Emphasizes Sucres multiple links to Quito. 1552. Andrade, Manuel de Jess. Prceres de la independencia: ndice alfabtico de sus nombres con algunos bocetos biogrficos. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1909. 418 p. A basic reference work. See also item 1873. 1553. Andrade, Roberto. Historia del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Reed and Reed, 19341937. 7 v. <2787 p.> Originally issued in fascicules, but continuously paginated. Given over almost entirely to the independence and Gran Colombian periods. Advanced only as far as 1847. The chapters on the colonial period tend to be anti-clerical. And the several tomes on the independence period are critical of Montfar y Larrea and other men of August whom Andrade considered to be pusillanimous, if not traitors. Heavily documented. Also published in a 2 ed. with an introductory study by Manuel Chiriboga Vega: Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1982-1984. 4 v. 1554. Andrade Marn, Luciano. La batalla del Panecillo, 7 de noviembre de 1812; Antecedentes de la batalla del Pichincha 24 de mayo de 1822. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1954. 45 p. 1555. Andrade Reimers, Luis. Sucre en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 366 p. Somewhat more objective than item 1551. Also available in reprint: Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995. 1556. Asesinato del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho: reproduccin de publicaciones hechas por el Gobierno del Ecuador en 1830 y 1843. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1891. 52 p. 1557. Barrera, Angel T. Iniciativa de la independencia en Sud-Amrica. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1909. 60 p. Defends Quitos claim to be the initiator of the movements for independence in Spanish America. 1558. Barrera, Isaac J. 9 de octubre de 1820: homenaje a los prceres de la

independencia de Guayaquil: documentos histricos y artculos conmemorativos. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1920. 52 p. 1559. Barrera, Isaac J. Ensayo de interpretacin histrica: introduccin a los acontecimientos del 10 de agosto de 1809. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 204 p. An essay on the background to the 10 de agosto and therefore on the colonial period at large. Exemplifies the view by some scholars that the origins of the movement for independence can be detected in early as well as in late colonial period dissatisfaction with royal policies and decrees and their selective implementation by imperial bureaucrats. 1560. Barrera, Isaac J. Fuentes para la historia de la emancipacin: necesaria revisin de antecedentes, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 42:96 (jul./dic. 1960), 160-170. 1561. Barrera, Isaac J. El obispo Jos Cuero y Caicedo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 14:40/41 (jul./dic. 1936), 5-29. 1562. Barrera, Isaac J. Los patriotas del ao 12, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:60 (jul./dic. 1942), 259-264. 1563. Barrera, Isaac J. Prceres de la patria: lecturas biogrficas. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1939. 180 p. Consists of biographical sketches of 18 patriots, including Bolvar and Sucre. Apparently intended for popular consumption. 1564. Barrera, Isaac J. Relacin de las fiestas del primer centenario de la batalla de Pichincha, 1822-1922. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1922. 146 p. 1565. Barrera, Isaac J. La revolucin de agosto, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:64 (jul./dic. 1944), 320-326. 1566. Barrera, Isaac J. La revolucin en Esmeraldas en 1820, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (jul./oct. 1920), 93-97. 1567. Barrera, Isaac J. Los ltimos das de la Gran Colombia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 49:108 (jul./dic. 1966), 230-240. 1568. Batalla de Riobamba, 21 de abril de 1822. Quito: Tip. Edit. Chimborazo de V.A. Cabrera M., 1924. 73 p. 1569. Batallas, Lenidas. Quito y la que fue su metrpoli. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1887. xii, 89 p. Primarily a study of the 10 de agosto (1809) and the 2 de agosto (1810). 1570. Bermeo, Antonio. Acotaciones en el primer sesquicentenario de la independencia guayaquilea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 5-10. 1571. Bierck, Harold A., Jr. The Struggle for Abolition in Gran Colombia, Hispanic

American Historical Review, 33:3 (Aug. 1953), 365-386. Includes data on the manumission of slaves in the future Ecuador. 1572. Bolvar, Simn. Cartas del Libertador al General Vicente Aguirre, Museo Histrico, 23 (mayo 1956), 290-305. Consists of correspondence from 1826-1828. 1573. Bolvar, Simn. Cartas ecuatorianas, ordenadas por Juan Viteri Durand, Revista del Colegio Nacional Teodoro Gmez de la Torre (Ibarra), 13 (nov. 1979), 275717. 1574. Bolvar, Simn; and Juan Jos Flores. Correspondencia del Libertador con el General Juan Jos Flores (1825-1830). Quito: Archivo Juan Jos Flores, 1977. 581 p. Partial contents: Jorge Salvador Lara, La Repblica del Ecuador y el general Juan Jos Flores (p. 15-101); Gustavo Vscones [i.e., Vsconez] Hurtado, Cartas de Bolvar al General Juan Jos Flores (p. 103-130); Jorge Villalba F., El Distrito del Sur de Colombia durante la presidencia de Bolvar y prefectura del general Juan Jos Flores, 1825-1830" (p. 131-173); Cartas del Libertador al general Juan Jos Flores (1825-1830)" (p. 175-288); Cartas del general Juan Jos Flores al Libertador (18261830) (p. 289-531). Salvador Laras essay was subsequently republished as a book: Caracas: Italgrfica, 1980. 1575. Borja, Luis Felipe (hijo). Introduccin a los documentos inditos para la historia del 10 de agosto de 1809, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:6 (mayo/jun. 1919), 220-229. 1576. Borja, Luis Felipe (hijo). La responsabilidad del asesinato de Sucre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 13:36/39 (ene./jun. 1936), 13-36. 1577. Borrero, Alfonso Mara. Cuenca en Pichincha. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1972. 2 v. (xvi, 578 p.) Reprint; originally published: Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos del Azuay, 1922. iv, 511 p. A history of the movements for independence in Ecuador at large, beginning with the 10 de agosto. The title is not altogether inaccurate, however, as the author emphasized developments in and relating to Cuenca. 1578. Borrero, Alfonso Mara. Reivindicacin histrica del Mariscal Jos de la Mar y Cortzar. Cuenca: Edit. Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos, 1958. 59 p. Posthumously published. Also appeared in: Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 13:44 (ene. 1959), 12-67. 1579. Borrero, Manuel Mara. El 10 de agosto de 1809, Museo Histrico, 41/42 (ago. 1962), 51-79. 1580. Borrero, Manuel Mara. Quito, luz de Amrica. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1959. 338 p. The notorious work in which Borrero accused Selva Alegre and other men of August of having betrayed the nascent Ecuador and the cause of independence. On the

polemic provoked by Quito, luz de Amrica and its sequel, La revolucin quitea, see item 1683. 1581. Borrero, Manuel Mara. La revolucin quitea, 1809-1812. Quito: Edit. Espejo, 1962. 454 p. The rev. and aug. ed. of: Quito, luz de Amrica (item 1580). 1582. Breve relacin de los regocijos con que se recibieron y publicaron las constituciones de la monarqua en 1813, [edicin de] Luis F. Borja (hijo), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:64 (jul./dic. 1944), 327-344. 1583. Brice, Angel Francisco. El asesinato del General Sucre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 46:183 (jul./sept. 1963), 421-446. Exonerates Flores. 1584. Burbano Vzquez, Jos Rafael. Adiciones histricas, Revista de la Universidad de Cuenca, 15 (feb. 1935), 14-48. Regarding the 1827 misunderstanding with Peru. 1585. Bushnell, David. The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1954. ix, 381 p. Also published in Spanish as: El rgimen de Santander en la Gran Colombia, traduccin de Jorge Orlando Melo. Bogot: Ediciones Tercer Mundo: Facultad de Sociologa, Universidad Nacional, 1966. 403 p. See especially chapter 19: The Plight of Ecuador (p. 310-317) = La difcil situacin del Ecuador (p. 341-349). 1586. Caicedo, Manuel Jos. Viaje imaginario por las provincias limtrofes de Quito, Cronistas de la independencia y de la Repblica (item 1607), p. 29-111. An eye witness account of the events leading up to and culminating in the massacre of Aug. 2, 1810, by a nephew of Bishop Cuero y Caicedo. 1587. Camacho Santos, Efran. Ciento cincuenta aos de existencia cvica guayaquilea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 26-46. Notwithstanding the title, a synthesis of the movement for independence in Guayaquil. 1588. Carbia, Romulo D. San Martn y Bolvar, frente al hallazgo de nuevos documentos: pruebas tcnicas de la autenticidad de los que diera a conocer el embajador Eduardo L. Colombres Mrmol, y respuesta a las impugnaciones formuladas contra ellos por don Vicente Lecuna, todas las cuales fueran aceptadas por la Academia Nacional de la Historia, de Venezuela. Buenos Aires: Tall. Grf. de la Compaa Gral. Fabril Financiera, S.A., 1941. 234 p. Carbias attempt to justify his authentication of the Colombres Mrmol letters, supposedly written by Bolvar, Sucre, and San Martn, regarding the 1822 meeting between the Liberator and the Protector and Sucres opinion of San Martn as a military leader, but considered to be apocryphal by almost everyone else, including apparently the real Colombres Mrmol (see item 1839). See also items 1598, 1599, 1716, and

1804. 1589. Carrin, Agustn; and Rafael Riofro. Loja en la batalla de Pichincha (18221922). Loja: Impr. El Heraldo, 1922. 53 p. 1590. Carrin, Alejandro. La independencia de Loja, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 5 (1985), 64-106. Not just another eulogistic regurgitation, but a critical reexamination of political and economic developments in Loja and its province during the 1820s, based on original research. 1591. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Dos guayaquileos precursores de la independencia americana: el Coronel Jacinto Bejarano y el egregio Jos de Antepara, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9:25/26 (ene. 1959- dic. 1960), 107-120. Also published as a separate: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1963. 17 p. 1592. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Relatos de la revolucin de Octubre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 153-159. Regarding the three coeval accounts of Villamil (item 1889), Fajardo (item 1663), and Roca (item 1840); reworked as the Introduccin to item 1695. 1593. Castillo, Abel Romeo. La versin guayaquilea oficial de la entrevista de Guayaquil, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:2 (dic. 1972), 5-16. Reproduces and analyzes the July 27, 1822 Suplemento al Patriota de Guayaquil, i.e., the issue containing the earliest version of the meeting between the Liberator and the Protector. 1594. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. El 10 de agosto y nosotros, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 15:3/4 (jul./dic. 1959), 423-448. An extended commentary on Borreros Quito, luz de Amrica (item 1580). Cevallos Garca reminds Ecuadorians that independence although inevitable was not a simple process and the men of August were neither heroes nor traitors but human beings groping for solutions to complicated problems and complex issues. Reprinted in the authors De aqu y de all: seleccin de artculos y estudios publicados en los ltimos diez aos (Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1962), p. 331363. Also in his: Temas histricos ecuatorianos (item 217), vol. 2, p. 1-35. 1595. Coleccin de documentos para la historia de Colombia: (poca de la independencia), compilados por Sergio Elas Ortiz. Bogot: Academica Colombiana de Historia, 1964-1965. 2 v. Includes many primary sources, especially vol. 1, relating to the movements for independence in the future Ecuador. 1596. Coloma Coloma, Luis Fernando. La batalla de Camino Real: en el contexto histrico de 1809 a 1822. Guaranda: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Bolvar, 1984. 32 p.

1597. Colombia. Cuerpo de leyes de la Repblica de Colombia. Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela, Consejo de Desarrollo Cientfico y Humanstico, 1961. xxiii, 605 p. Covers the years 1821-1827. Indexed. A basic set of sources for the Gran Colombia period. 1598. Colombres Mrmol, Eduardo L. San Martn y Bolvar en la entrevista de Guayaquil: a la luz de nuevos documentos definitivos. Buenos Aires: Coni, 1940. xlix, 460 p. This work may have been written by Jos M. Gonzlez Alfonso and the correspondence or letters constituting the nuevos documentos definitivos on which he based his spirited defense of San Martns withdrawal from the South American scene shortly after meeting with Bolvar in Guayaquil, may have been apocryphal. See items 1716 and 1839. 1599. Colombres Mrmol, Eduardo L. (hijo). La entrevista de Guayaquil: hacia su esclarecimiento. Buenos Aires: Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, 1972. 230 p. Just when I though I had this particular conundrum resolved, at least to my satisfaction, it turns out that the controversy regarding the authenticity of the Lafrond letter and supporting documentation refuses to die. Furthermore, it may be that Eduardo L. Colombres Mrmol (padre) really wrote item 1598. Or is it that his son is apocryphal too? Especially at pains to refute Romulo D. Carbia (item 1588) and Antonio Jorge Prez Amuchstegui (item 1804). It would help the sons case had he indexed this defense of his fathers book and provided a proper bibliography. Be that as it may, it is curious, to say the least, that there does not appear to be a single reference there within to William Spence Robertsons acclamatory article (item 1839) on the true identity of Colombres Mrmol (padre) and the lack of authenticity of the Lafond letter. 1600. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. La contra revolucin de 1809, Unin literaria (Cuenca), ser. 6, 7 (ene. 1917), 293-306, 341-355. 1601. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Crnicas documentadas para la historia de Cuenca: la emancipacin, noviembre de 1820-mayo de 1822. Cuenca: Universidad del Azuay, 1920. vi, 396 p. Nominally Tomo I, but no more were published. Advances only to Jan. 1821. Includes a chapter on Nuestros prceres. Published the texts of many documents and therefore is as much a compendium of primary sources as a monograph. 1602. Correspondencia de la Secretara General del Libertador Simn Bolvar: aos de 1823 1826, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./dic. 1951), 159220. 1603. Correspondencia de la Secretara Gral. del Libertador Simn Bolvar, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (ene./jun. 1950), 177-231. Items 1602 and 1603 published dispatches from 1823-1826 and 1822-1823, respectively, the originals of which are in the Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito).

1604. Correspondencia del Presidente de la Real Audiencia, don Joaqun de Molina, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 30:75 (ene./dic. 1950), 75-110; 30:76 (jul./dic. 1950), 190-215. 1605. Correspondencia del Presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito, don Toribio Montes, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:77 (ene./jun. 1951), 120-148. Molina was president of the Audiencia between 1810 and 1812 and Montes between 1812 and 1817. 1606. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Dcada sangrienta, 1809-1822. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1954. 118 p. 1607. Cronistas de la independencia y de la repblica, introduccin [y selecciones] de Carlos R. Tobar [et al.]. Puebla: J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 650 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [15]) One of the least satisfactory volumes in the set. Overly ambitious and poorly edited. Important only because it made available the otherwise scarce: Viaje imaginario of Manuel Jos Caicedo (item 1586). 1608. Cubitt, David J. La anexin de la Provincia de Guayaquil, 1822: estudio del estilo poltico bolivariano, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:13 (jun. 1978), 729. Examines the final steps leading up to the incorporation of the Free Province of Guayaquil into Colombia, revising previous accounts to some extent. Also published in: Revista de historia de Amrica, 86 (jul./dic. 1978), 193-219. 1609. Cubitt, David J. La composicin de una elite hispanoamericana de la independencia: Guayaquil en 1820, Revista de historia de Amrica, 94 (jul./dic. 1982), 7-31. Attempts to draw a collective portrait of the political leadership of the port city and its district, with inclusion of both examples of individuals and some quantitative analysis of the group. Limited, however, by less than full scale research. Does not offer any startling findings--merchants and landowners loom large--but nonetheless, a solid contribution. Also published as: La composicin social de una elite hispanoamericana a la independencia: Guayaquil en 1820, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 217-237. 1610. Cubitt, David J. Economa y poltica en Guayaquil independiente: El Amigo del pas de Francisco Roca, 1822, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 10:19 (jun. 1981), 5-58. A solid study of a rare yet important source on the political econony of the Free Province of Guayaquil, Francisco Mara Rocas El amigo del pas, o, Ensayos sobre la felicidad de esta provincia (Guayaquil: Impr. de la Ciudad, 1822), the text of which Cubitt reproduces. Also published in English as: Economy and Politics in Independent Guayaquil: Francisco Rocas El amigo del pas, 1822, Revista de historia de Amrica, 121 (ene./dic. 1996), 83-129. See also the anonymous response to Roca, a work that heretofore seems to have eluded most of us: El amigo de sus conciudadanos, por un

hijo de Guayaquil. Lima: Impr. del Estado, 1822. [3], 27, [2], 28-39, [2] p. 1611. Cubitt, David J. Economic Nationalism in Post-Independence Ecuador: The Guayaquil Commercial Code of 1821-1825, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, N.F., 11:1 (1985), 65-82. An insightful as well as original analysis of the ideological underpinnings and economic ramifications of the yet to be recovered Cdigo de comercio of 1 Mar., 1821, the provisions of which Cubitt reconstructs through collateral sources. Also published in Spanish as: El nacionalismo econmico en la post-independencia de Ecuador: el Cdigo de comercio de Guayaquil de 1821-1825, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:2 (1987), 131-150. 1612. Cubitt, David J. The Government, the Criollo Elite and the Revolution of 1820 in Guayaquil, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 8:3 (1982), 283-295. A well researched study of the port city and its province in the decade preceding the 9 de octubre. Argues that the colonial order was subverted by the controversy over the Spanish constitution, problems with the administration of Indian tributes, and the growing financial difficulties of merchants and planters. 1613. Cubitt, David J. Guerra y diplomacia en la Repblica de Guayaquil, 18201822, Revista de historia de Amrica, 72 (jul./dic. 1971), 391-411. A succinct, well balanced review of the military-diplomatic situation of the Free Province of Guayaquil. N.B. Taken together, items 1608-1613 apparently constitute a revision of Cubitts doctoral dissertation on the 9 de octubre. 1614. Chacn Izurieta, Galo E. Historia militar del Ecuador: fragmento: guerra de la independencia,1820-1823. Quito: Edit. Ena, 1978. 202 p. Cover title: Historia militar del Ecuador, 1820-1823. 1615. Chaves, Julio Csar. La entrevista de Guayaquil. Buenos Aires: Edit. Universitaria de Buenos Aires, 1965. 107 p. Chaves, a Paraguayan historian, defends the authenticity of the Lafond letter (i.e., San Martns letter of 29 Aug. 1822), published for the first time in French by Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy in his Voyages autour du monde et naufrages clbres (Paris: Administration de librarie, 1844), rejected by Vicente Lecuna (see item 1717), but accepted by more objective scholars such as Gerhard Masur (see item 1748). 1616. Chiriboga, Manuel. Las fuerzas del poder durante el perodo de la independencia y la Gran Colombia, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 6, p. 263-306. Originally published as Las fuerzas del poder en 1830, Cultura, 2:6 (ene./abr. 1980), 171-208. See also the Crticas y comentarios (p. 209-225). An exceptionally important essay inasmuch as Chiriboga examines the reasons why Ecuador became a colony of itself in 1830 or rather why it did not emerge from the wars for independence as a nation state but rather as an agglutination of heterogenous regions dominated by local and regional elites.

1617. Chiriboga C., Gustavo. El ayuntamiento constitucional de Quito da principio en nueve de septiembre de 1820, Autos acordados de la Real Audiencia de Quito, 15781722 (item1350), p. 433-464. 1618. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Bolvar en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin Pblica, 1942. 189 p. The Bolvars that emerges from the pages of this work is a larger than life hero, the Liberator who could do no wrong, but who has been misunderstood and maligned by lesser mortals. To be read not as a study of the Gran Colombian years but as a contribution to the cult of Bolvar in Ecuador. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. (Biblioteca Ecuatoriana; 61) 1619. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Campaas de libertad: guerra entre Colombia y el Per, 1828-1829: campaa de los 30 das: Tarqui. Quito: Estado Mayor General, 1950. 274 p. 1620. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Compilacin: documentos histricos oficiales sobre las campaas de la libertad. Quito: Estado Mayor General, 1948. 108 p. 1621. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Divulgacin: historia militar: campaas de la libertad 1819-1829. Quito: Estado Mayor General, 1948. 2 v. 1622. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Tarqui documentado. Quito: Impr. Ziga, 19601961. 2 v. (Biblioteca militar ecuatoriana; vol. 23) Reprint; originally published: Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1929. 3 v. Fortunately Chiriboga was a much better compiler of documents and military historian than he was a biographer. Items 1619-1621, therefore, are more or less solid accounts of the wars of independence, if somewhat overdrawn insofar as the prcer participants are concerned. 1623. Davis, Roger P. Ecuador Under Gran Colombia, 1820- 1830: Regionalism, Localism, and Legitimacy in the Emergence of an Andean Republic. ix, 306 leaves. 1983. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Arizona. A detailed, well documented study of political and military developments and events of the 1820s. Examines what was happening in Guayaquil as well as in Quito. Also takes into account demographic and economic aspects of the decade and their impact on the political scene and vice versa to some extent, especially during the second half of the decade. Cuenca and the Department of Azuay are not taken into account as fully as they should have been, however, and less than ideal attention is paid to what went on at the local level even in Guayaquil and Quito. This appears to be because Davis was unable to undertake research in Guayaquil, Cuenca, and oddly enough, not even Bogot. Nonetheless, the best work on Ecuador in Colombia as of July 1997. 1624. Davis, Roger P. The Local Dynamics of National Dissent: the Ecuadorian Pronunciamientos of 1826, Historian, 55:2 (Winter 1993), 289-302. A comparative study of the pronunciamientos of Guayaquil, Quito, and Cuenca against Santander and in support of Bolvar. Argues that the outlines of early Ecuador can be

discerned said manifestations. In this regard, it should be remembered that Bolvar tended to offset the negative impact of the centralization on the southern departments through the exercise of executive fiat regardless of what he personally thought about the attitudes and behavior of quiteos and guayaquileos. A revision of chapter 6 of the authors dissertation (item 1623). 1625. De la Barra, Felipe. La campaa de Quito, 1820-1822: estudio histrico militar. Chorrillos, Peru: Impr., Litogr. y Encuadernacin de la Escuela Militar, 1924. vi, 57, [2] p. 1626. De la Torre, Carlos H. Apuntes de historia militar nacional: campaa libertadora 1820-1823, primer perodo. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1923. 133 p. 1627. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. Gnesis y proyecciones de la batalla de Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 55-60. 1628. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. La revolucin de Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1962. 721 p. Detailed and well documented but clearly the work of an amateur. The background chapters on Antecedentes, for example, are less than satisfactory. Reprinted with an introductory study Carlos de la Torre y su historia del 10 de agosto de 1809 by Jorge Salvador Lara: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 621 p. (Coleccin histrica; 13) 1629. De los procesos contra los patriotas del 10 de agosto de 1809: acta en la que se ve al Obispo de Quito, Jos Cuero y Caicedo, presidiendo la sesin de la Sala Capitular, Museo Histrico, 9:29 (1957), 104-111. 1630. Destruge, Camilo. La columna de Octubre: relacin histrica del homenaje de Guayaquil a los prceres de la independencia. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal , 1918. 60 p. 1631. Destruge, Camilo. Cuestin histrica, la entrevista de Bolvar y San Martn en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1918. 59 p. Originally published as: Entrevista de Bolvar y San Martn en Guayaquil, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:71 (mar./abr. 1918), 471-476; 3:72 (mayo 1918), 488-494; 3:73 (jun. 1918), 1-7; 3:74 (jul. 1918), 17-25. 1632. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador: controversia histrica sobre la iniciativa de la independencia americana: refutacin de un alegato. Guayaquil: Uzctegui & Ca., 1909. 134 p. Defends Quitos claim to have been the first city in Spanish America to declare its independence from Spain. 1633. Destruge, Camilo. El Ecuador en la campaa libertadora del Per, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 8:21/23 (ene./jun. 1924), 146-155. 1634. Destruge, Camilo. La goleta Guayaquilea, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:30 (ago./sept. 1912), 81-88; 3:31 (oct./nov. 1912), 97-106; 3:32 (dic. 1912), 113-119.

1635. Destruge, Camilo. Guayaquil en la campaa libertadora del Per: relacin histrica. Guayaquil: Libr. e Impr. La Reforma, 1924. v, 106 p. 1636. Destruge, Camilo. Historia de la revolucin de octubre y la campaa libertadora de 1820-22, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. xxii, 480 p. Reprint; originally published: Barcelona: Impr. Elzeviriana de Borrs, 1920, under the pseudonym DAmecourt. 407 p. The classic account of the 20 de octubre and the Provincia Libre de Guayaquil. Exceptionally detailed. But see also the modern studies of Cubitt (items 1608-1613), Estrada Ycaza (item 1659) and Fazio Fernndez (items 1666 and 1667). 1637. Destruge, Camilo. Los realistas de Guaranda, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:21 (nov. 1911), 337-342. 1638. Destruge, Camilo. San Martn en Guayaquil, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:57 (mayo 1916), 137-148. 1639. Daz Venteo, Fernando. Las campaas militares del Virrey Abascal, 1 ed. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1948. xii, 416 p. A solid study of the suppressions of the rebellions of 1809 and 1810 in Ecuador, Bolivia, Argentina, and Chile. On the campaigns undertaken against Quito, see p. 81124. 1640. Diez documentos sobre la participacin del clero en la independencia de la Real Audiencia de Quito, [recopilados y publicados] por Luis Prez Tern, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 211-224. 1641. Documentos: causa criminal contra Apolinar Morillo y cmplices del asesinato de Sucre. Bogot: Impr. del Estado por J. Cualla, 1843. 163 p. Reprinted: Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1953. 332 p. 1642. Un Documento interesante, [publicado por] Sergio Elas Ortz, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:105 (ene./jun. 1965), 38-69. Publishes with an introduction by Ortz the Anteojo fiscal ltimo para leer la vista fiscal (p. 42-57) Although undated this document appears to have been written in mid 1810. Anonymous but obviously drafted by a sympathizer, if not supporter, of the Men of August, it was written in response to the crown prosecutors charges against the prceres (Acusacin del Fiscal Arechaga) of 21 Apr. 1810, here within reproduced (p. 58-69). 1643. Documentos de la guerra de 1828-1829: la campaa de los treinta das, terminada por la batalla Tarqui, [recopilados por] Angel I. Chiriboga. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1928. 80 p. Consists primarily of correspondence between OLeary, Sucre, and Lamar. 1644. Documentos del Archivo de Indias de Sevilla sobre la revolucin de Quito, copia de J. Rumazo [y con una introduccin por] Isaac J. Barrera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 27:70 (jul./dic. 1947), 233-312.

1645. Documentos para el estudio de la independencia, [versin de] Rafael Euclides Silva, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, poca 2, 1 (1939), 170194. 1646. Documentos referentes a la batalla de Ibarra con la narracin histrica de la campaa de Pasto, [recopilados] por C. de Gangotena y Jijn. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1923. xxi, 87 p. Reprinted: Ibarra: Centro de Estudios Culturales de Imbabura, 1992. 1647. Documentos referentes al prcer y mrtir guayaquileo doctor don Juan Pablo Arenas, los publica C. de Gangotena y Jijn. Quito: [s.n.], 1924. 20 p. 1648. Documentos relacionados con el primer grito de la independencia: 10 de agosto de 1809, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 5:9/10 (dic. 1959), 7-83. 1649. Documentos sobre la entrevista de Guayaquil, selecciones de Abel Romeo Castillo. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1972. 94 p. A potpourri of standard sources. 1650. Documentos y relaciones sobre la accin de armas del 21 de abril de 1822. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1922. 51 p. Refers to the Battle of Tapi. 1651. Dueas de Anhalzer, Carmen. The Political Culture in the Presidency of Quito at Independence: a Regional Comparison. 1992. v, 346 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Florida. A comparative study of the political culture of the aristocracy of Quito, the merchants and planters of Guayaquil, and the vecinos (including indigenous) of Portoviejo. Published as: Marqueses, cacaoteros, y vecinos de Portoviejo: (cultura poltica en la Presidencia de Quito). Quito: Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Edit. Abya-Yala, 1997. 320 p. 1652. La Emancipacin de Cuenca: compilacin de documentos oficiales del ao 1.820 relativos a la independencia de las provincias azuayas, [recopilados por] Remigio Romero Len. Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1915. 32 p. 1653. Encina, Francisco Antonio. Bolvar y la independencia de la Amrica Espaola. Santiago: Edit. Nacimiento, 1954-1965. 8 v. See especially vol. 5: Emancipacin de la Presidencia de Quito, del Virreinato de Lima y del Alto Per (1954). 1654. Encina, Francisco Antonio. La entrevista de Guayaquil: fin del protectorado y defuncin del Ejrcito Libertador de Chile. Santiago: Edit. Nascimento, 1953. 195 p. 1655. Espejo, Guillermo. Recuerdos histricos: San Martn y Bolvar: entrevista de Guayaquil (1822). Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 173 p. Reprint; originally published: Buenos Aires: Impr. de T. Goodby, 1873.

1656. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Cundo empez Olmedo a pensar en la independencia, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 133145. 1657. Espinoza, Leonardo. Bolvar y el parto del rgimen gamonalicio oligrquico en el Ecuador, Simn Bolvar: en homenaje al bicentenario de su nacimiento (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1983), p. 271-302. 1658. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El comercio de armas en la guerra de independencia: la Compaa Muoz-Henderson en 1820-1821, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 8:16 (dic. 1979), 29-59. 1659. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. La lucha de Guayaquil por el Estado de Quito, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1984. 2 v. (xxii, 653 p.) A modern account of the role of Guayaquil in the movements for independence. Includes new data on the late colonial and Gran Colombia years as well. Maintains that Guayaquil no era partidaria de Colombia, como tampoco era de Per; lo que deseaba era el Estado de Quito, y para ello era menester lograr, en primer trmino, la libertad de Quito y de Cuenca ... Supplements but does not supersede Destruges classic Historia de la revolucin de octubre (item 1636). Indexed. 1660. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El triunfo del civilismo en el Estado de Guayaquil, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 9:18 (dic. 1980), 5-24. 1661. Estupin Bass, Csar Nevil. Albores de libertad: memorial sobre la independencia de Esmeraldas, 1 ed. Esmeraldas: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986. 107 p. Loosely based on the expediente published four years previously in Cultura (item 1800). Unfortunately Estupin Bass is not nearly as good a historian as he is a poet. It is not his rhetoric that is bothersome but his gross ignorance of the past of his terruo. But lacking any scholarly study, see also Estupin Basss La independencia de Esmeraldas, the first edition of which appeared in 1943, and the second in 1961. 1662. Expediente sobre la licencia que concedi el Superior Tribunal de la Real Audiencia, al alcalde ordinario don Vicente Rocafuerte, para ausentarse de esta ciudad, y la sospecha que induce haber ocultado que su destino era a lugares ultramarinos, Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 10/11 (dic. 1970), 91-109. At head of title: Guayaquil, ao de 1810. Transcribed by Juan Freile Granizo. 1663. Fajardo, Manuel J. Resea histrica de los sucesos polticos y militares de la Provincia de Guayaquil desde 1810 hasta 1823. Lima: Impr. de A. Alfaro, 1867. 40 p. One of the three coeval accounts (see also items 1840 and 1889). Available in several reprints (e.g., Acontecimientos polticos, octubre 1.820, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 [1958], 97-128) and anthologies (e.g., item 1695). 1664. Favaloro, Ren G. La memoria de Guayaquil. Buenos Aires: Torres Agero Editor, 1991. 79 p.

Adds absolutely nothing new to the controversy. According to Favaloro, a physician who dabbles in history, Bolvar and San Martn were two larger than life heroes who not only admired and respected one another but worked for the unity of America, a unity that would be shattered by otros polticos y los pueblos, con sus nacionalismo o regionalismo o simples odios recprocos ... 1665. Fazio Fernndez, Mariano. El Guayaquil colombiano, 1822-1830. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Subgerencia del Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1988. x, 453 p. A detailed, well documented study. Considerably enriches our knowledge of the politics of the port city and its district during the years between Guayaquils annexation to Colombia and the southern departmentss separation therefrom. Also includes some new data on ecclesiastical and cultural developments. 1666. Fazio Fernndez, Mariano. Ideologa de la emancipacin guayaquilea. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1987. ix, 168 p. A study of ideological developments in the port city during the late- colonial and independence periods. Especially concerned with the emergence of liberalism in Ecuador. 1667. Ferro, Carlos A. San Martn y la revolucin ecuatoriana. Buenos Aires: Edit. Cuarto Poder, 1976. 183 p. An exceptionally dispassionate account that details the major presence of Argentinian and Peruvian officials and troops in the defeat of the royalists at Pichincha, the ties between Guayaquil and Peru, and Olmedos not altogether unsuccessful efforts to obtain San Martns support in consolidating the port citys independence, in the liberation of the highlands from Spanish rule, and in blocking Bolvars takeover of the Provincia Libre de Guayaquil. In this regard, it should be remembered that Colombian accounts of the independence of the future Ecuador, especially insofar as the port city is concerned, are less than objective. Well documented. 1668. Flores, Antonio. El asesinato del Gral. Sucre y el Discurso de monseor Gonzlez Surez. Paris: Wattier Hermanos, 1900. 17, xii p. 1669. Flores, Antonio. El asesinato del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. New York: Impr. de Las Novedades, 1882. 93 p. 1670. Flores, Antonio. El Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho: el asesinato, 2 ed. corr. y aum. New York: Impr. de Las Novedades, 1883. 695 p. Revised and considerably augmented version of item 1669. Antonio Flores Jijn never tired of trying to prove that his father Juan Jos had nothing to do with the assassination of Sucre. Reprinted with a Prlogo por Jorge Villalba F. S.J.: Quito: Grupo Aymesa, 1995. 517 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 13) 1671. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Descubrimiento histrico relativo a la independencia de Quito, con una cartaprlogo del eminente historigrafo Ilmo. Federico Gonzlez Surez. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1909. v, 39, lxxix p.

Examines the role of Juan Jos Guerrero, the Marqus de Selva Florida, in the 10 de agosto. Includes an appendix of sources. 1672. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Don Jos Meja Lequerica en las Cortes de Cdiz, de 1810 a 1813. Barcelona: Casa Edit. Maucci, 1908. lx, 570 p. 1673. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Objeciones histricas a la obra intitulada: Angel Grisanti. El gran Mariscal de Ayacucho y su esposa la Marquesa de Solanda. Caracas, Impr. Nacional, 1955 y a tres anteriores del mismo origen. Lima: Edit. Salesiana, 1960. 390 p. 1674. Fuentes-Figueroa Rodrguez, Julin. La emancipacin del Ecuador: (el Libertador y Sucre en el sur), 1 ed. Caracas: Grficas Herpa, 1974. 296 p. (Historia general de Venezuela: documentos - narracin - crtica ; t. III) This vol. covers Aug. 1822 through June 1823, and consists entirely of correspondence of Bolvar, all of which has been published before elsewhere. A useful but hardly indispensable compendium of primary source materials therefore. 1675. Gilmore, Robert L. The Imperial Crisis, Rebellion and the Viceroy: New Granada in 1809, Hispanic American Historical Review, 40:1 (Feb. 1960), 1-24. Examines the reactions of Bogot, Popayn, and Pasto to 10 de agosto in Quito. 1676. Gonzlez, Julio Csar. La misin Guido Luzuriaga a Guayaquil (1820), Boletn del Instituto de Historia Argentina Doctor Emilio Ravignani, 2 ser., 13:22/23 (1970), 5116. A solid study of initial relations between San Martn, in Lima, and the Provincia Libre de Guayaquil. 1677. Gonzlez, Nicols Augusto. El asesinato del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Lima: Librera E. Moreno, 1901. 4 v. A rambling and somewhat tendentious but heavily documented work that touches upon many aspects of the independence, Gran Colombian, and early national periods. Blames Flores for Sucres death. Also published in a 2 ed.: Quito: Tip. Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1906-Bogot: Impr. de La Luz, 1908. 2 v. 1678. Gray, William H. Bolvars Conquest of Guayaquil, Hispanic American Historical Review, 27:4 (Nov. 1947), 603-622. A solid study of the Liberators annexation of the Free Province of Guayaquil to his Colombia. Based on published materials and research in the Archivo Diplomtico y Consular in Bogot, a repository that appears to have been slighted by Ecuadorianists. 1679. Grisanti, Angel. El proceso contra los asesinos del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Caracas: Ediciones Garrido, 1955. 402 p. Accuses Obando. 1680. Guerrero, Antonio Esteban. Carta sobre los sucesos del 10 de agosto, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (ago. 1968), 108-110.

1681. Guzmn Carrasco, Marco Antonio. La revolucin quitea del 10 de agosto de 1809. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1961. 116 p. (i.e., p. 1-116) Published together with: the authors Significado y consecuencias de la batalla de Pichincha (item 1682); and Carlos Eduardo Prezs El 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1803). 1682. Guzmn Carrasco, Marco Antonio. Significado y consecuencias de la batalla de Pichincha. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1961. 16 p. (i.e., p. 117-132). Published together with: the authors La revolucin quitea del 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1681); and Carlos Eduardo Prezs El 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1803). 1683. Hamerly, Michael T. Selva Alegre, President of the Quitea Junta of 1809: Traitor or Patriot?, Hispanic American Historical Review, 48:4 (Nov. 1968), 642-653. A dispassionate discussion of the question and a critical review of literature on the subject, especially of studies published in conjunction with the sesquicentennial of the 10 de agosto. 1684. Harker Valdivieso, Roberto. La entrevista de Guayaquil: Bolvar y San Martn, Museo Histrico, 15:43/44 (1963), 210-231. Adds nothing new to the controversy. 1685. Hazaas y mritos de los gobernadores de Guayaquil, Cuenca y Popayn, en la revolucin del 10 de agosto de 1809, Museo Histrico, 12/13 (mayo 1952), 32-66. 1686. Heredia, Jos Flix. El 11 de noviembre de 1820 en Riobamba, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 4:16 (oct. 1927), 351-386. 1687. Heredia, Jos Flix. D. Len de Febres Cordero, gobernador y comandante militar de Riobamba independiente: (28 de abril-25 de octubre de 1822), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 4:10/11 (mar./abr. 1922), 241-289. Also published as a separate: Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1922. 49 p. 1688. Hoja de servicios del prcer Juan de Dios Morales, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 267-271. Published by Sergio Elas Ortiz. 1689. Hojas militares de prceres, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 1:1 (1930/1931), 28-30; 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 158-161. 1690. Homenaje a los prceres de la independencia de Guayaquil: documentos histricos y artculos conmemorativos. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1920. 52 p. 1691. Hoover, John P. La ruta de Sucre a Guayaquil, Museo Histrico, 54 (1972), 55-73. Includes some new data. 1692. Hoover, John P. Sucre y la entrevista de Guayaquil, Boletn de la Academia

Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 53:210 (abr./jun. 1970), 294-301. 1693. Ibaez Snchez, Jos Roberto. Campaa del sur, 1822: Bombona-Pichincha. Bogot: Impr. de las Fuerzas Militares, 1972. xv, 453 p. 1694. Illingworth, Juan. Comunicaciones dirigidas por el General Juan Illingwort [sic], intendente del Departamento de Guayaquil al intendente del Departamento de Quito, durante el mes de enero de 1823, [edicin de] Jorge Prez Concha, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 182-185. 1695. La Independencia de Guayaquil: 9 de octubre de 1820, Jos Villamil [et al.]; seleccin de Abel Romeo Castillo. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. xiv, 179 p. A convenient anthology of memoirs of participants Fajardo (item 1663), and Villamil (item 1889), and the son and nephew of participants, Roca (item 1840)--all of which have been published several times--and of standard chestnuts by Castillo, J. Gabriel Pino Roca, Jorge Prez Concha, Modesto Chvez Franco, and Pedro Robles y Chambers. 1696. Irisarri, Antonio Jos de. Defensa de la historia crtica del asesinato cometido en la persona del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho, con prlogo y notas de Alfredo Flores y Caamao. Santiago de Chile: Impr. Universitaria, 1922. xl, 192 p. Originally published: Curaao, 1849. Also reprinted: Quito: Centro de Estudios Histricos del Ejrcito, [1994?]. 254 p. Defends Flores against the charge that he was responsible for the assassination of Sucre. Accuses Obando instead. Also a response to Obandos refutation of Irisarris earlier Historia crtica (item 1697). 1697. Irisarri, Antonio Jos de. Historia crtica del asesinato cometido en la persona del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Bogot: Impr. de Jos A. Gualla, 1846. 367, lxxx p. Also pro-Flores and anti-Obando. It will be recalled that Flores was Irisarris patron and protector. Available in several reprints, e.g.: Quito: Centro de Estudios Histricos del Ejrcito, 1994. 418 p. 1698. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Apuntamientos para el estudio de la revolucin del 10 de agosto de 1809, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 39:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 243-264. Also published in: Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 5:9/10 (dic. 1959), 84-112. 1699. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Nueva crtica histrica sobre la entrevista de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 10-48. 1700. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. El secreto de Guayaquil en la entrevista de Bolvar y San Martn. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 113 p. 1701. Jaramillo P., Vctor Alejandro. Participacin de Otavalo en la guerra de la independencia: ensayos monogrficos regionales. Otavalo: Impr. Cultura, 1953. 27 p. 1702. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Quito y la independencia de Amrica: discurso ledo

en la sesin solemne celebrada por la Academia Nacional de Historia, en la Sala Capitular del Convento de San Agustn, el 29 de mayo de 1922, en conmemoracin del I. centenario de la batalla de Pichincha. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1922. 85 p. Appeared in a revised edition as: Influencia de Quito en la emancipacin del continente americano. Quito: Universidad Central, 1924. 55 p. The rev. ed. was also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 8:21/23 (ene./jun. 1924), 40-104. Includes Jijn y Caamaos Discurso ... al recibir los restos del prcer don Carlos Montfar (pronunciado el 26 de junio de 1922). A good example of the uncritical discourse that centennials and other anniversaries tend to provoke, including by scholars. 1703. Juan Pablo Berrazueta: un prcer olvidado de la independencia, [con una nota introductoria por] Samuel Guerra Bravo; transcripcin de Juan Freile Granizo, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 211-218. 1704. La Junta Superior de Gobierno de 1810, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 246-252. Consists of transcriptions of the accords and acts leading up to and culminating in the establishment of the Junta Superior de Gobierno in Sept. 1810. 1705. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Bicentenario del doctor Antonio Ante, Museo Histrico, 54 (1972), 201-232. A documented biography and genealogy of a leader of the movements for independence. 1706. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Clases sociales de la independencia: (indios y negros durante este perodo), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 31:43 (dic. 1981), 77-104. An interesting attempt to identify and to quantify social groups during the late colonial and independence periods. Reflects considerable original research. 1707. Keeding, Ekkehard. El catedrtico revolucionario de la Universidad colonial de Quito: doctor Miguel Antonio Rodrguez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:122 (ene./jun. 1973), 161-166. 1708. Lama, Benjamn. Reminiscencias histricas del Ecuador, 1809-1823: coleccin de ocho artculos de peridico en los que se resume completa la historia de la emancipacin del Ecuador y en la que se contiene algunos documentos poco conocidos que con la historia del Per se relacionan. Lima: Impr. del Estado, 1894. v, 117, xxi p. Emphasizes the role of Peru in the movements for independence in Ecuador. 1709. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. La independencia del Ecuador (1808-1822), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 6, p. 79-126. A reexamination of the 10 de agosto, the 2 de agosto, and the 20 de octubre. A noteworthy but not altogether successful effort to come to terms with the independence

period as a whole. 1710. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Sociedad Econmica de Quito: proyecto de colonizacin interna y de establecer un puerto libre en Esmeraldas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 151-163. Reprints with a substantial introduction the previously unregistered: Memoria de la Sociedad Econmica de Quito, o, Reflecsiones sobre el camino de Esmeraldas, presentadas a la Sociedad por Juan de Larrea y Villaviencio socio del nmero, el da 29 de abril de 1823 ... (Guayaquil: Impr. de la Ciudad por V. Duque, 1823). 1711. Larrea Alba, Luis. Sucre, alto conductor poltico y militar: la campaa libertadora de 1821-1822. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1975. 226 p. 1712. Lavayen y Gorrichategui, Nicanor. Servicios militares del Coronel Francisco de Paula Lavayen. Quito: Impr. de Valencia, 1856. 19 p. 1713. Le Gouhir Rodas, Jos Mara. El criminal de Barruecos: estudio analtico. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1930. viii, 267 p. Also exculpates Flores. 1714. Le Gouhir, Jos Mara. Guayaquil independiente, o sea, El 9 de octubre de 1820: resea histrica. Guayaquil: Molestina, 1920. 102 p. Le Gouhir never felt comfortable with the independence period and that which he wrote on those years demonstrates it (see also item 2109). 1715. Lecuna, Vicente. Bolvar and San Martn at Guayaquil, Hispanic American Historical Review, 31:3 (Aug. 1951), 369-393. Translated by Harold C. Bierck, Jr. A convenient summary in English of Lecunas proBolvar writings regarding the Liberators annexation of the port city and its district and of the one and only meeting between Bolvar and San Martn. That the incorporation of Guayaquil into Colombia was accomplished through the decision of all the social classes and especially of the masses . . . is an example of the hyperbole too many of the traditional historians substituted for fact based on replicable research. 1716. Lecuna, Vicente. Cartas apcrifas sobre la conferencia de Guayaquil. Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1945. v, 210 p. Regarding the allegedly fallacious documents published by Colombres Mrmol (padre) in item 1598. 1717. Lecuna, Vicente. La entrevista de Guayaquil: restablecimiento de la verdad histrica, compuesta con la colaboracin de Esther Barret de Nazaris, 3 ed. Caracas: Ministerio de Educacin Nacional, Direccin de Cultura, 1952. 365 p. Item 1717 is the third, considerably augmented, edition of item 1716. Generally considered to be the best statement of Colombias position on Bolvars annexation of Guayaquil and on the enigmatic meeting between Bolvar and San Martn. Lecuna refutes the authenticity of the Colombres Mrmol letters, now generally agreed to have been falsified, and the Lafond letter, generally agreed to have been authentic.

Heavily documented. 1718. Levi Castillo, Jos Roberto. En el bicentenario de Carlos Montfar: el comisionado regio don Carlos Montfar, 1810-1816, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 105-136. 1719. Littuma Arzaga, Alfonso. Presencia del general Antonio Jos de Sucre, gran mariscal de Ayacucho, en los territorios de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1981. 197, [2] p. 1720. Loja en la batalla de Pichincha, 1822-1922. Loja: Tip. El Heraldo, 1922. 53 p. 1721. Loor, Wilfrido. Guayaquil y Manab en 1820. Portoviejo: Edit. Gregorio, 1976. 162 p. Especially valuable for its delineation of the role of subordinate Spanish towns and Indian villages in the independence process. 1722. Loor, Wilfrido. La Provincia de Guayaquil en lucha por su independencia. Portoviejo: Edit Gregorio, 1974. 90 p. A solid account of political and military developments between the port citys declaration of independence from Spain and the incorporation of the Free Province into Colombia by Bolvar. Regarding the latter, including the activities of the peruanfilos, Loor is well worth reading for the information and insights he added to the discussion. 1723. Lpez, Manuel Antonio. Recuerdos histricos del coronel Manuel Antonio Lpez, ayudante del Estado Mayor Jeneral Libertador. Bogot: J.B. Gaitn, 1878. xxiv, 224 p. The memoirs of one of Bolvars aids. There are several later editions: e.g., Bogot: Impr. Nacional, 1955. 1724. Lpez-Ocn Cabrera, Leoncio. El protagonismo del clero en la insurgencia quitea (1809-1812), Revista de Indias, 46:177 (ene./jun. 1986), 107-167. A detailed, well documented study of the major role played by the clergy in the 1809 and the 1810-1812 movements for independence. See also items 566, 1561, 1743, 1878, and 1881. 1725. Luna Tobar, Alfredo. El Ecuador en la independencia del Per. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1986. 3 v. 1726. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. Doa Manuela Garaicoa de Caldern, su familia y su actuacin patritica, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 46 (1981), 11-39. 1727. Mrquez, Ezequiel. El coronel don Andrs de Santa Cruz en Cuenca, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:20 (nov./dic. 1923), 292-313. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1924. 22 p. 1728. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Conducta poltica y moral del secular y regular de Cuenca y Loja en 1825-1826. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1926. 17 p.

1729. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Independencia de Cuenca: campaa de pocas horas: Francisco Mara Fras, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1:1 (ene. 1921), 29-54. 1730. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Pasto, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 8:21/23 (ene./jun. 1924), 19-39. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1924. 21 p. 1731. Mrquez, Ezequiel. El patriota indgena Manuel Castillo y Paucar de la Parroquia de Sidcay, 1822. Cuenca: Alianza Obrera, 1923. 8 p. 1732. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Primeros bandos republicanos en Cuenca, 1822, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional, nueva ser., 1:4 (mayo/jun. 1926), 307-332; 1:6 (sept./oct. 1926), 337-353. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1926. 42 p. 1733. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Provincia de Caar: auxilios generosos de Azogues, batalla de Tarqui. Cuenca: Tip. Sarmiento, 1929. 52 p. 1734. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Rectificaciones histricas: Loja en la campaa colomboperuano por el Dr. Rafael Riofro E., Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 20 (ago. 1931), 353-375. Corrects and glosses items 1836 and 1837. Also published as a separate: Cuenca: Tip. de la Universidad, 1931. 23 p. 1735. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Rivalidades entre dos grandes generales de nuestra independencia, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 2:5 (ene. 1925), 1-6. The rival generals were Toms de Heres and Jos Mara Crdova. 1736. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Una sedicin en Cuenca a favor de la monarqua, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 2:8 (jul. 1923), 384-388; 2:9 (dic. 1923), 389-419. Examines the pro-royalist conspiracy of 1823. Also published as a separate: Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad del Azuay, 1923. 36 p. 1737. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Sublevacin de la Tercera Divisin del Ejrcito de Colombia, Auxiliar del Per en Lima, 26 de enero de 1827: y la contrarevolucin en Cuenca por el General Ignacio Torres y el Capitn Jos Ramn Bravo, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 6:21 (nov. 1931), 1-35; 6:22 (ene. 1932), 99-131; 6:23 (mar. 1932), 195-213. 1738. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Visita del Libertador al sur de Colombia: Cuenca: Loja: septiembre 8 de 1822 . Cuenca: Impr. Municipal, 1930. 78 p. 1739. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Batallones colombianos en Ayacucho. Cuenca: Tip. Cenculo, 1930. 78 p. 1740. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Bosquejo histrico de la revolucin del nueve de octubre de mil ochocientos veinte, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:99

(ene./jun.1962), 33-59. 1741. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Centenario de la batalla de Tarqui. Cuenca: Sarmiento, 1929. 102 p. 1742. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. La Gran Bretaa en la emancipacin de Sud Amrica: Coronel Diego Stacey Byron, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 178-192. 1743. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Ilmo. seor obispo de la Dicesis de Santa Ana de los Ros de Cuenca, doctor Andrs Quintn Ponte y Andrade: gestor de la contrarevolucin del glorioso 10 de agosto de 1809 en Cuenca, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:95 (ene./jun. 1960), 81-105. Well documented. 1744. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. El proceso criminal de la revolucin del 10 de agosto de 1809 de Quito, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 12:29/30 (1960), 111-121. 1745. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Tarqui, 1829-1929. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1929. 369 p. Includes a biographical dictionary of the participants in the battle. 1746. Martnez Delgado, Luis. Hacia Berruecos: el general Jos Mara Obando. Bogot: Edit. El Grfico, 1946. 333 p. Exonerates Obando, accuses Flores. Originally announced to be a two volume study, the second part finally appeared nearly twenty years later under a different title: Berruecos: asesinato del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho, ordenado por el general Juan Jos Flores (Medelln: Edit. Bedout, 1973). 1747. Ms sobre el prcer Quiroga, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:78 (jul./dic. 1951), 284-291. 1748. Masur, Gerhard. The Conference of Guayaquil, Hispanic American Historical Review, 31:2 (May 1951), 189-229. Probably as objective a study as is ever likely to exist of what is known and what may reasonably be concluded regarding the meeting between Bolvar and San Martn. Also a useful commentary on the historiographic controversy generated by Colombres Mrmol and by Lecuna regarding the Lafond letter (see items 1599, 1716, and 1717). 1749. Matovelle, Julio Mara. La independencia de Cuenca: el 3 de noviembre de 1820. Cuenca: Veintimilla, 1927. 27 p. 1750. McGann, Thomas F. The Assassination of Sucre and Its Significance in Colombian History, 1828-1848 Hispanic American Historical Review, 30:3 (Aug. 1950), 269-289. An objective review of the evidence regarding the culpability or lack thereof of Jos Mara Obando and Juan Jos Flores in the June 4, 1830 murder of Antonio Jos de Sucre. McGann concludes that Obando ordered the assassination of Marshall Sucre and that whatever his other crimes, the Ecuadoran dictator need not bear the

unsupported charge of having murdered the man at whose side he fought through years of war, and with whom he stood as a friend in time of peace. See also the exchange between Luis Martnez Delgado and McGann in: Hispanic American Historical Review, 31:3 (Aug. 1951), 520-529. 1751. Meja, Jos. Discursos de don Jos Meja en las cortes espaolas de 1810-13, con un prlogo histrico por Camilo Destruge. Guayaquil: Tip. de El Vigilante, 1909. xxiii, 128 p. 1752. Mritos y servicios del Coronel Feliciano Checa: documentos inditos, que, con una introd., publica L.F. Borja (hijo), Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:5 (mar./abr. 1919), 220-229. Reprinted as a separate: Quito: L. Barba V., 1919. 42 p. 1753. Moncayo, Hugo. Algunos datos sobre el Dr. Juan Pablo Arenas, prcer guayaquileo del 10 de agosto, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 286-310. 1754. Moncayo, Hugo. Lo desconocido en la batalla de Pichincha, Revista de la Sociedad Bolivariana de Venezuela, 25:87 (1966), 382-388. 1755. Moncayo, Hugo. La batalla de Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 57:225 (ene./mar. 1974), 85-96. 1756. Moncayo, Hugo. Un quiteo, protomrtir de la independencia americana: don Antonio de Villavicencio, Museo Histrico, 51 (1971), 181-193. See also pp. 194-232 of the same issue of Museo Histrico for Documentos sobre el protomrtir don Antonio de Villavicencio. 1757. Moncayo, Hugo. En homenaje al sesquicentenario de la batalla de Pichincha, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 59:693/695 (jul./sept. 1972), 435-450. 1758. Moncayo, Hugo. Sacrificios y padecimientos de Quito despus de Pichincha, Boletn histrico (Caracas), 11:31 (ene. 1973), 60-66. 1759. Moncayo, Pedro. Ecuador, el 10 de agosto de 1809 y el ciudadano Vicente Rocafuerte, Museo Histrico, 48 (ago./sept. 1970), 1-20. Reprint; originally published: Santiago de Chile: Impr. de la Libertad, 1868. 1760. Monge, Celiano. Adhesin de Ambato a la Junta Suprema de Quito (1809). Ambato: Instituto Martnez, 1920. 31 p. 1761. Monge, Celiano. Episodios de la independencia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 10:27/29 (ene./mayo 1930), 125-136. 1762. Monge, Celiano. La independencia de Cuenca. Quito: Casa Edit. de Ernesto Monge, 1915. 11 p. 1763. Monge, Celiano. El primer combate de Huachi, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 11:30/32 (jun./dic. 1930), 81-88.

1764. Monge, Celiano. Pginas de historia: Aymerich, Museo Histrico, 12:35/36 (abr. 1960), 100-106. 1765. Monge, Celiano. Relacin sumaria de las sublevaciones, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 15:42/45 (ene./jun. 1937), 102-116. 1766. Mora, Luis F. El ao militar histrico y biogrfico, 1922: primer centenario de la batalla de Pichincha. Quito: Sociedad de Estudios Histricos Militares, 1922. x, 500 p. 1767. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Emprstito del obispado de Quito al gobierno del Libertador, 1823, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 32-42. 1768. Moreno Egas, Jorge. La presencia de los doctores Jos Bernardo Arias y Vicente Acevedo en la gesta de la independencia, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 9 (1988), 141-163. 1769. Moreno Oleas, Ricardo. Las contradicciones de la lucha anticolonial del proceso independentista y el pensamiento y accin del Libertador Simn Bolvar. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Departamento de Ciencias Sociales y Polticas, [1984?]. 31 p. 1770. Moreno Proao, Agustn. La batalla de Pichincha y su proyeccin histrica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 63-73. 1771. Mrner, Magnus. Padrones de estratificacin en los pases bolivarianos durante la poca del Libertador: posibilidades de un enfoque comparativo, Cahiers des Amriques Latines, 29/30 (1984), 1-12. A comparative study of social stratification in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador in the early nineteenth century. Reprinted in the authors: Ensayos sobre historia latinoamericana: enfoques, conceptos y mtodos (Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Universidad Andina Simn Bolvar, Subsede Quito, 1992 [Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 37]), p. 135-146. 1772. Morn, Guillermo. La mentira en Guayaquil, o, El fetichismo argentino. Caracas: Edit. Avila Grfica, 1951. 162 p. 1773. Mosquea, Toms Cipriano de. El Patriota de Guayaquil extraordinario, del marts 29 de agosto de 1826, Boletn del Archivo General de la Nacin (Caracas), 63:225 (jul./dic. 1973), 335-341. 1774. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. La independencia de Cuenca: el 3 de noviembre de 1820. Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1927. 27 p. 1775. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. Memorias sobre la revolucin de Quito. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1966. 113 p. Originally published in Unin literaria. Also reprinted in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 22:1 (ene./mar. 1966), 165-269. A study of royalist sentiment and reaction to the events of the 10 de agosto and 2 de agosto in Cuenca in 1809 and 1810. N.B. Muoz Vernaza also published fifteen, previously unpublished primary sources on El

10 de agosto de 1809" in the Aug. 10, 1886 issue of El Progreso (Cuenca), and was therefore one of the first scholars to lay the foundation for the scientific study of the beginnings of the movement for independence in Ecuador. 1776. Muoz Vicuna, Elias. De la primera a la segunda independencia. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1970. 34 p. 1777. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Acta de la Junta de Guerra formada por los Generales Sucre, Alvarado, Santa Cruz, Pinto y Lara en 1823, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 284-253. 1778. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Lecturas patriticas del sesquicentenario, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 39:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 284-286. 1779. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Rectificando la historia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:101 (ene./jun. 1963), 100-111. An essay on monarchists and republicans during the period of the second Junta of Quito. 1780. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Reformas a la enseanza de la historia patria segn los ltimos documentos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 161-165. 1781. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La revolucin de Quito del 10 de agosto de 1809, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1962. x, 532 p. (Plan Piloto del Ecuador; 6) A well documented and relatively dispassionate study of the abortive rebellion of lords and lawyers. 1782. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La segunda revolucin de Quito del ao 1810, Museo Histrico, 39/40 (jun. 1961), 93-126. 1783. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La verdad de nuestra historia: el primer grito de agosto de 1809 no fue ninguna mascarada con lo que los prceres ocultaban sus intenciones, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 199-201. Reprint; originally published in: El Comercio (Quito; 22 ago. 1965). Navarros final statement on the 10 de agosto and his penultimate publication. He died the evening before it appeared (Aug. 21). For Navarros final work, published posthumously, see item 3940. 1784. Nueva Granada (Virreinato). Los ltimos virreyes de Nueva Granada: relacin de mando del virrey don Francisco Montalvo y noticias del virrey Smano sobre la prdida del reino (1803-1819). Madrid: Edit. Amrica, 1918. 226 p. 1785. Nez del Arce, Ramn, Informe del procurador general Ramn Nez del Arce, [edicin y introduccin de] Isaac J. Barrera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 20:56 (jul./dic. 1940), 231-281. The informe is from 20 ene. 1813.

1786. Nez Snchez, Jorge. El Ecuador en Colombia, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 6, p. 211-261. An important essay given the neglect of the Gran Colombian years in Ecuadorian historiography. Unfortunately, however, Nez Snchez limited his account to politics and personages. 1787. Obando, Jos Mara. El general Obando a la Historia crtica del asesinato del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Lima, 1847. 243 p. Refutes Antonio Jos de Irisarris Historia crtica del asesinato cometido en la persona del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho (item 1697). 1788. OLeary, Daniel Florencio. Memorias del General OLeary, publicadas por su hijo Simn OLeary. Caracas: Impr. de la Gaceta Oficial, 1880-1888. 32 v. A basic collection of source materials on the movements for independence in what are now Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. 1789. Olmedo, Jos Joaqun. Jos Joaqun Olmedo: epistolario, prlogo y seleccin de Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 619 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [13]) The first major and as of the late 1990s, the only comprehensive collection of Olmedos letters. Includes many never before published dispatches. 1790. Olmedo, Jos Joaqun. Jos Joaqun Olmedo: poesa, prosa, estudio y selecciones de Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 531 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [12]) Includes the bard of Junns political speeches and writings as well as his poems and literary essays. 1791. Ornstein, Leopoldo R. La campaa de Quito (1822): Riobamba y Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Buenos Aires), 45 (1972), 411-426. 1792. Ortiz, Sergio Elas. Agustn Agualongo y su tiempo. Bogot: Edit. ABC, 1958. 510 p. A well documented study of the beginnings of the movement for independence in Pasto and that movements relationship with Quitos 10 de agosto. 1793. Ortiz, Sergio Elas. La Brigada Santa Cruz, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 33:81 (ene./jun. 1953), 47-61. 1794. Ortiz, Sergio Elas. Neograndinos en la revolucin de Quito, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 31:353/354 (marzo/abril 1944), 244-251. 1795. Ortiz Villacs, Marcelo. Origen del poder poltico en el Ecuador. Quito: Grficas San Pablo [para] M. Ortiz Villacs, 1995. 164 p. More concerned with political developments in the mother country and relations between Spain and the colonies during the years of insurgence (1808-1824) than with what was happening in the future Ecuador.

1796. Pez, J. Roberto. Juan Espinosa, soldado de los Andes y combatiente en Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 244257. Includes Espinosas Relacin de la batalla de Pichincha. 1797. Pallares, Catalina. William Benneth Estevenson [sic] y su crnica sobre la independencia, Quitumbe, 4:4 (1976), 35-57.6 See also item 1859. 1798. Los Papeles de un prcer: documentos relacionados con el prcer Jos Manuel Rodrguez de Quiroga, [edicin e introduccin de] Isaac J. Barrera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 30:76 (jul./dic. 1950), 233-281; 31:77 (ene./jul. 1951), 108-119. See also item 1841. 1799. Para la historia del diez de agosto de 1809, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:97 (ene./jun. 1961), 88-91; 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 253-261; 44:99 (ene./jun. 1962), 89-96; 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 291-296; 45:101 (ene./jun. 1963), 119133; 46:103 (ene./jun. 1964), 82-86; 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 248-259; 48:105 (ene./jun. 1965), 115-128; 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 271-280; 49:107 (ene./jun. 1966), 106-115; 49:108 (jul./dic. 1966), 250-262; 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 258-271; 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 127-140; 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 273-280; 52:113 (ene./jun. 1969), 129-135. Title varies: e.g., Para la historia del 10 de agosto. Miscellaneous primary sources relating to the first movement for independence in Quito. Probably accurately transcribed for the most part, but the provenance thereof is not always specified. 1800. Para las historias de la independencia, Cultura, 5:14 (set./dic. 1982), 311-408. Publishes: Testimonio de la causa seguida por el Juzgado de Plaza contra don Manuel Vctor Lavayen y don Ramn Ypes, sobre los atentados cometidos posteriormente en Esmeraldas y planes subversivos encontrados al primero a consequencia de su prisin (1820-1821). 1801. El Patriota de Guayaquil y otros impresos, recopilacin, introduccin y notas por Abel Romeo Castillo. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1981-<1987>. <2> v. El Patriota de Guayaquil was originally published between 1821 and 1827 and in 1829. Not to be confused with El Patriota of 1832, a wholly unrelated newspaper. An exceptionally important primary source. Given the demise of Castillo in 1996, it is unlikely that this set will be continued for some time as it was being reprinted from his personal collection as well as edited by him. Contents: vol. 1, 1821; vol. 2, 1822. 1802. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los colosos. Quito: Museo Histrico, 1987. 154 p. (Museo Histrico; no. 59) A monographic issue of Museo Histrico devoted to Simn Bolvar, the wars for independence, and Mt. Chimborazo.

1803. Prez, Carlos Eduardo. El 10 de agosto de 1809: primer grito de independencia hispanoamericano. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1961. 46 p. (i.e., p. 135-180). Published together with Marco A. Guzmns, La revolucin quitea del 10 de agosto de 1809 (item 1681) and Significado y consecuencias de la batalla de Pichincha (item 1682). 1804. Prez Amuchstegui, Antonio Jorge. La carta de Lafond y la perceptiva historiogrfica. Crdoba, Argentina: Universidad Nacional de Crdoba, Instituto de Estudios Americanistas, 1962. 69 p. Also argues that the Lafond letter was falsified, apparently in Lima beteen 1826 and 1828, with the tacit consent, at least subsequent, if not coeval, of San Martn. 1805. Prez Concha, Jorge. Breves consideraciones acerca de los orgenes de la emancipacin poltica del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 43-59. Reprinted in: Amrica (Quito), 34:107 (dic. 1964), 67-85. 1806. Prez Concha, Jorge. La fragua de vulcano: (la semana de la conspiracin). Guayaquil: Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1960. 19 p. 1807. Prez Concha, Jorge. Guayaquil durante la campaa de Tarqui, 1828-1829, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, 1 (1939), 59-76. 1808. Prez Concha, Jorge. Guayaquil entre Colombia i el Per: conferencia sustentada ante el microfono de la Estacin Radiodifusora La Voz del Pueblo el 21 de septiembre de 1933, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1934. 37 p. 1809. Prez Concha, Jorge. Guayaquil y el problema de su anexin a los estados limtrofes: la clebre entrevista. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1956. 14 p. Reprinted in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 171180. 1810. Prez Concha, Jorge. Historia diplomtica y naval de la Provincia Libre de Guayaquil (1820-1822). Guayaquil: Instituto de Historia Martima, 1994. 148 p. 1811. Prez T., Aquiles R. Nuestro indio en la dcada de 1820-1830, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 253-260. 1812. Prez y Soto, Juan Bautista. El crimen de Berruecos: asesinato de Antonio Jos de Sucre, gran mariscal de Ayacucho: anlisis histrico-jurdico. Roma: Escuela Salesiana, 1924. 4 v. (xix, 536; 394; 562, 76; 608 p.) An exceptionally comprehensive study of the assassination of Sucre. Heavily documented. Accuses Apolinar Morillo, acting on Obandos orders, of the crime. 1813. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Alegato de Olmedo para no seguir en el Congreso Constituyente del Per, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 21-30. 1814. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Los clebres Jos de la revolucin de octubre, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 3:9 (dic. 1953), 221-226.

Consists of tidbits on individuals whose name began with Jos who participated in the 9 de octubre. 1815. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Composicin del poder judicial en el Estado de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1953. 12 p. 1816. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Don Antonio Nario estuvo preso en Guayaquil, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 1:1 (1958), 79-89. 1817. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Dos cartas inditas de Olmedo, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 165-169. 1818. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. En Guayaquil se jur la constitucin espaola de 1812, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 159-164. At head of title: Trozos de historia colonial. 1819. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Un escao en las cortes espaolas, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 151-156. Regarding the election of Olmedo to the Cortes of Cdiz. 1820. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. La revolucin de octubre de 1820 en el Diario del Virrey de la Pezuela: versin y notas, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 4:5 (dic. 1967), 113-142. 1821. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Las visitas de Lord Cochrane a Guayaquil: sus relaciones con la Junta Suprema de Gobierno presidida por Olmedo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 25:42 (1975), 145-154. 1822. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. 1820: antecedentes, los conjurados para la independencia, el 9 de octubre, Ejrcito Nacional (Quito), 1:7 (1922), 492-499. 1823. Plan de gobierno de la Provincia Libre e Independiente de Cuenca, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 1 (1979), 194-209. 1824. Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo. Quito, 1809-1812: segn los documentos del Archivo Nacional de Madrid. Madrid: A. Ponce Ribadeneira, 1960. 299 p. One of the few works on the early years of the independence period that utilizes sources from the mother country. Includes an extensive appendix of documents (p. 133-293). 1825. Pozo Astudillo, Ren. Batalla de Pichincha. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, [1989?]. 163 p. A prize winning essay on the military engagement. 1826. Precursores, estudio, selecciones y notas de Leopoldo Bentes Vinueza. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 711 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [10]) Selections from the writings of Eugenio Espejo and Jos Meja with an excellent introductory study by Bentes Vinueza (item 3065). See also item 3064. 1827. La Presidencia de Quito, 1822, introduccin de Alfredo Costales S. Quito: Casa

de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1983. 260 p. Reprints chapters 32-46 of: Colombia, siendo una relacin geogrfica, topogrfica, agricultural, comercial, poltica, etc. de aquel pays; and publishes: Indice de la documentacin producida por la Real Audiencia [de Quito] y el Departamento del Sur, en el perodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 1822 (p. 63-260). 1828. Quintanilla, Luis F. Campaa del sur 1822: concentracin en Zaraguro el 9 de febrero de 1822, Ejrcito nacional, 1:3 (1922), 145-148. 1829. Quixano, Luis. Discurso sobre la insurreccin de Amrica. Mxico: Reimpreso en la Oficina de J.M. Benavente, 1814. 18 p. Que escriba el Dr. Quixano, secretario que fue del gobierno revolucionario de Quito. N.B. Published posthumously by Father Jos Baidal or Baydal, Franciscan Provincial in Lima, who administered the last rites to Quixano on April 28, 1813, and into whose hands Quixano entrusted this and other papers. Originally published: Lima: Impr. de los Hurfanos, por B. Ruz, 1813. Also: Guadalajara: J. Frutos Romero, 1814; Mxico, D.F.: Vargas Rea, 1944. 1830. Ramos Prez, Demetrio. Entre El Plata y Bogot: cuatro claves de la emancipacin ecuatoriana. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1978. 408 p. A comprehensive and objective study of the movements for independence in Ecuador. As of July 1997, the only major study of the period as a whole. Includes a long discussion of the economic and political crises that preceded the 10 de agosto. At the same time, a study that reflects the weaknesses as well as the strengths of the existing historiography on the independence period, being based entirely on secondary studies and published sources. Exceptionally well indexed. 1831. Ratto, Hctor. Brown en el Pacfico: antecedentes de la expedicin y acaecimientos en Callao, Guayaquil y Sanbuenaventura, Boletn del Centro Naval (Buenos Aires), 56:525 (sept./oct. 1937), 459-483. 1832. Relacin de los sucesos acaecidos en Quito, del 10 al 17 de agosto de 1809, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 103-108. Of unknown authorship. May have been written by Manuel Rodrguez de Quiroga. 1833. Restrepo, Jos Manuel. Historia de la revolucin de la Repblica de Colombia. Paris: Librera Americana, 1827. 10 v. A basic work that will never be superseded, not just for its coeval perspective but because Restrepo as secretary of state had sent to him in bulk source materials from throughout Gran Colombia, upon which he drew extensively. Available in several modern editions. See also item 413. 1834. La Revolucin de 1809: cinco cartas de un realista annimo, ARNAHIS, 13:19 (11 mar. 1973), 47-78. Five letters from Oct. and Nov., 1809, regarding events from 9 Aug. through 15 Oct., 1809, by an anonymous royalist. Republished with an added introductory note by Jaime E. Rodrguez O. from: Memorias del General OLeary (item 1786), vol. 13

(Caracas, 1881), p. 10-43. 1835. La Revolucin de Quito, 1809-1822: segn los primeros relatos e historias por autores extranjeros, seleccin, estudio introductorio y notas, Jorge Salvador Lara. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1982. 486 p. A compendium of basic coeval and early accounts and studies. Contents: Jorge Salvador Lara, Estudio introductorio (p. 13-63); William Bennet Stevenson, Narracin histrica y descriptiva de veinte aos de residencia en Sudamrica (p. 65-93); Mariano Torrente, Historia de la revolucin hispanoamericana (p. 95-225); Jos Antonio de Plaza, Memorias para la historia de Nueva Granada (p. 227-256); Jos Manuel Restrepo, Historia de la revolucin de la Repblica de Colombia (p. 259-453); Jos Manuel Groot, Historia eclesistica y civil de Nueva Granada (p. 455-486). 1836. Riofro, Rafael. Loja en la batalla del Pichincha, 1822-1922. [Loja?: s.n.], 1922. 53 p. 1837. Riofro, Rafael. Recuerdos histricos: Loja en la campaa libertadora, Ejrcito nacional, 1:7 (1922), 506-513. 1838. Rivas Vicua, Francisco. Las guerras de Bolvar. Bogot: Impr. Nacional, 19341940. 6 v. Vols. 5-6: Santiago de Chile: Edit. El Esfuerzo. See esp. vol. 5, La Gran Colombia, 1821-1823 (1940). 1839. Robertson, William Spence. The So-Called Apocryphal Letters of Colombres Mrmol on the Interview of Guayaquil, Hispanic American Historical Review, 23:1 (Feb. 1943), 154-158. Concludes that the letters published by Colombres Mrmol were apocryphal. Includes letters of 29 Sept. 1941 by Vicente Lecuna and of 16 Sept. 1942 by Jos M. Gonzlez Alfonso in which he admits to having been the true author of San Martn y Bolvar en la entrevista de Guayaquil: a la luz de nuevos documentos definitivos (item 1598) and that he believed the letters to have been authentic, at the time he wrote the work, on the basis of their having been examined and declared as such by no less an authority than Rmulo D. Carbia (see item 1588). But as it turns out, Gonzlez Alfonsos confession might be false too (see item 1599). 1840. Roca, Juan Emilio. Recuerdos histricos de la emancipacin poltica del Ecuador y del 9 de octubre de 1820, [notas marginales de Jorge Prez Concha], Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 145-184. One of the three coeval accounts (see also items 1663 and 1889). Published many times, this is one of the scholarly acceptable versions. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1957. 77 p. 1841. Rodrguez de Quiroga, Jos Manuel. Alegato, 1809. Ambato: Edit. Atenas, 1961. 40 p. The authors response to charges of treason against himself, Captain Juan Salinas, and other members and supporters of the Junta of 1809.

1842. Rojas, Ricardo. La entrevista de Guayaquil. Buenos Aires: Edit. Losada, 1950. 365 p. Considered by Gerhard Masur to be the best documented investigation stemming from the Argentine point of view. It is thorough, comprehensive, and judicious . . . 1843. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. Episodios olvidados de la campaa de Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 38:91 (ene./jun. 1958), 98-106. 1844. Romero Len, Remigio. La emancipacin de Cuenca: 4 de noviembre de 1820. Cuenca: [s.n., 1920?]. 87 p. 1845. Rubio Siliceo, Luis. La revolucin de Quito de 1809 y la independencia de la Amrica Espaola. Mxico, D.F.: Edit. Mxico, 1925. 44 p. 1846. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. El 10 de agosto de 1809: primer grito de la independencia hispanoamericana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 40:4 (jul./dic. 1959), 135-147. 1847. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. Guayaquil alrededor de 1809, Revista de Indias, 5:18 (oct./dic. 1944), 631-680. Important as a portrait of the port city on the eve of independence as well as for the insight it provides as to why guayaquileos supported the crown during the beginnings of the movement for independence in Ecuador. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:66 (jul./dic. 1945), 220-252. 1848. Senz, Manuela. Epistolario de Manuela Senz, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:68 (jul./dic. 1946), 228-245. Published by Luis Felipe Borja, hijo. 1849. Senz, Manuela. Epistolario indito de doa Manuela Senz, Boletn del Instituto Nacional Meja , 2:11/12 (ene./feb. 1934), 59-68. Published by Hugo Moncayo. 1850. Salazar y Lozano, Agustn. Recuerdos de los sucesos principales de la revolucin de Quito: desde el ao de 1809 hasta el de 1814. Quito: Impr. de Valencia, 1854. 158, 3 p. One of the few memoirs by a surviving participant. Reprinted: Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1910; and in: Museo Histrico, 5:17 (sept. 1953), 71-125. 1851. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Los acontecimientos del 10 de agosto, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 40:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 265-279. 1852. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Bolvar y Rocafuerte: unitarismo y federalismo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 43-64. 1853. Salvador Lara, Jorge. La documentacin sobre los prceres de la independencia y la crtica histrica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 94 p.

A major, but far from exhaustive, analysis of primary and second sources for the study of the 10 de agosto. Also published in: Museo Histrico, 10:30 (1958), 12-78. And reprinted in: La patria heroica (item 1853), p. 85-136. 1854. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Los granaderos a caballo de San Martn en la batalla de Riobamba, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 151-172. 1855. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Notas acerca del pensamiento de los prceres quiteos de 1809, Revista de historia de Amrica, 99 (ene./jun. 1985), 41-53. 1856. Salvador Lara, Jorge. La patria heroica: ensayos crticos sobre la independencia. Quito: Ediciones Quitumbe, 1961. 246 p. An anthology of some of Salvador Laras writings on the 10 de agosto, the 2 de agosto, Espejo, and Vicente Rocafuerte y la revolucin de 1809. 1857. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Trascendencia nacional y continental de la batalla de Pichincha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 2550. 1858. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Humboldt en Guayaquil: su aporte a la emancipacin, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 6:8 (dic. 1969), 81-87. 1859. Stevenson, William Bennett. Relacin histrica de la conspiracin y revoluciones que tuvieron lugar en Quito desde el ao de 1808 hasta 1810, Mensaje de la Biblioteca Nacional, 8/9 (oct. 1938), 130-135; 10/11 (jul. 1940), 7-29. Stevenson was Ruz de Castillas secretary. The translation of this excerpt is available in several editions: Guayaquil, 1884; Quito, 1938; and Quito, 1941. For the work as a whole see item 7445. 1860. Sucre, Antonio Jos de. Cartas de Sucre al Cor. Vicente Aguirre (1823-1830), Museo Histrico, 23 (mayo 1956), 1-289. 1861. Sucre, Antonio Jos de. Cartas del Mariscal de Ayacucho a la Municipalidad de Quito, Museo Histrico, 23 (mayo 1956), 309-356. Correspondence from 1822-1825. 1862. Tern, Francisco. El ambito geogrfico de la Audiencia de Quito el ao de su emancipacin, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 11:49 (ene./dic. 1959), 30-75. 1863. Tobar, Carlos R. Relacin de un veterano de la independencia. Quito: Crculo de Lectores, 1987. 283 p. Sometimes cited as a primary source, but in fact a historical novel by Carlos Rodolfo Tobar Guarderas (1854-1920), a physician. 1864. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Causas y antecedentes de la separacin del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 11:30/32 (jul./dic. 1930), 5-31. On Ecuadors separation from Colombia. Reprinted in the authors Monografas histricas (item 2198), p. 5-44.

1865. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Dos documentos memorables: (la carta de 1812 y el proyecto de Miranda), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 141-153. 1866. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La independencia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 33:82 (jul./dic. 1953), 145-171. 1867. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La transformacin de 1809 fue eminentemente jurdica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 41:95 (ene./jun. 1960), 5-21. Maintains that Quito had a legal right to become self governing. But Tobar Donoso like the majority of Ecuadorian historians has missed the point. It was not political ideology that underlay the 10 de agosto but the desire of the nobility of Quito to join political power to economic wealth and social status. 1868. Tobar Garcs, L. Investigaciones histricas acerca del prcer Vicente Bustamante, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 307-314. 1869. Toro Ruiz, Isaas. Actores del doce de noviembre. Ambato: Impr. El Pueblo, 1953. 29 p. Biographical sketches of the prceres who attached the royal garrison in Ambato on Nov. 12, 1820. 1870. Toro Ruiz, Isaas. Los actores del once de noviembre en Latacunga, Ejrcito Nacional (Quito), 6:42 (1928), 407-412. 1871. Toro Ruiz, Isaas. Ambato en Tarqu. Ambato: Impr. Municipal, 1941. 26 p. 1872. Toro Ruiz, Isaas. Batallones ecuatorianos en la independencia. [Ambato]: Impr. Amrica, 1940. 52 p. 1873. Toro Ruiz, Isaas. Ms prceres de la independencia: otros complementos y rectifications. Latacunga: Impr. del Colegio Vicente Len, 1934. iii, 359 p. Supplements and corrects Andrades Prceres de la independencia (item 1552). 1874. Tovar Ariza, Rafael. Causas econmicas, polticas, sociales y culturales de la disolucin de la Gran Colombia, Revista de las Indias (Bogot), 2:8 (ene. 1938), 73107. 1875. Las Tres campaas del norte: campaa de Quito, 1820-1822: guerra con la Gran Colombia, 1828-1829: expedicin de Castilla al Ecuador, 1858. Lima: Impr. del Servicio de Intendencia y Transportes, 1931. 112 p. 1876. Tres documentos para la historia de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana, [edicin de] L.F. Borja, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 14:40/41 (jul./dic. 1936), 117124. Publishes for the first time: 1) Ruz de Castillas appointment as president of the Audiencia of Quito (1807); 2) the Junta Superior Gubernativas declaration of autonomy (1810); and 3) Quitos declaration of independence (1811). Also published as a separate: Quito: Escuela Tip. Salesina, 1937. 8 p.

1877. Urquiza Anchorena, Vctor de. Nuevos antecedentes sobre el secreto hispanoamericano de la entrevista de Guayaquil: en su 140 conmemoracin, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9:25/26 (1960), 3-41. Emphasizes the role of Freemasonry in the movements for independence. Also published as a separate: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1963. 1878. Valencia Llano, Alonso. Elites, burocracia, clero y sectores populares en la independencia quitea (1809-1812), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 3 (II sem. 1993), 55-101. A prosopographic study of titled nobility, military officers, and clergy, (royalist/loyalist as well as patriot/insurgent) of late-colonial and early- independent Quito. Sheds considerable light on motivations and actions of the men of August. An original and significant contribution to the historiography of the beginnings of the movements for independence. 1879. Vargas, Francisco Alejandro. Guayaquil y sus libertadores. Caracas: Archivo General de la Nacin, 1970. 161 p. Consists of a set of essays on the Provincia Libre and the Venezuelan born Len de Febres Cordero, Luis de Urdaneta Fara, and Miguel de Letamendi. 1880. Vargas, Jos Mara. Aspectos econmico-sociales del perodo de la independencia ecuatoriana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 5-19. The late Vargas was one of the few traditional historians to examine economic and social developments and events. This pioneering, now seminal essay necessarily takes in developments of the late-colonial period. 1881. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben. El episcopado en los tiempos de la emancipacin sudamericana, 3 ed. Lima: R. Vargas Ugarte, 1962. 462 p. See chapter five (p. 105-124) on the roles of the bishops of Quito and Cuenca in the movements for independence. 1882. Vega, Primo de. El Ecuador en la campaa libertadora del Per, 1822-1826. Quito: Impr. Ziga, 1957. 203 p. Consists primarily of source materials. 1883. Vega Ugalde, Silvia. Cuenca en los movimientos independientistas, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 6 (1986), 9-48 1884. Velsquez, Csar Vicente. El 10 de agosto: leyenda y verdad histrica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 141 p. 1885. Velastegu, Mlida. Los realistas en la revolucin de Quito de 1809, Quitumbe, 4:4 (1976), 19-33. 1886. Vlez Merino, Rafael. Estudios de historia patria: el 21 de abril de 1822 en Riobamba y don Pedro Vicente Maldonado, patriota y educador. Quito: Impr. Piedra,

1922. vi, 91 p. 1887. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Don Jos de Antepara y la primera constitucin poltica de Guayaquil, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 11-16. Maintains that Antepara coauthored with Olmedo the Reglamento provisorio de gobierno. 1888. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Rocafuerte y Olmedo: diplomticos al servicio de la revolucin hispanoamericana en Europa, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1970), 263-275. 1889. Villamil, Francisco Jos de. Resea de los acontecimientos polticos y militares de la Provincia de Guayaquil desde 1813 hasta 1824, inclusives. Lima: Impr. de El Cefiro, 1863. vi, 45, vii, ii p. One of three coeval accounts (see also items 1663 and 1840). Reprinted: Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1909; Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sdad. Filantrpica, 1937. 1890. Vivanco, Carlos A. La conjuracin del 25 de septiembre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 10:27/29 (ene./mayo 1920), 44-124. 1891. Vivanco, Carlos A. Despus de Pichincha: el Coronel Cayetano Cestari en la campaa de 1822, Museo Histrico, 41/42 (1962), 193-214. 1892. Vivanco, Carlos A. El Ecuador en la independencia de Amrica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:58 (jul./dic. 1941), 177-210. 1893. Vivanco, Carlos A. El general Antonio Jos de Sucre en la campaa del Ecuador, 1821-1822. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1920. 35 p. 1894. Vivanco, Carlos A. La gratitud del Ecuador al Libertador Simn Bolvar, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 11:30/32 (jun./dic. 1930), 117-184. 1895. Vivanco, Carlos A. Participacin del Departamento del Ecuador en la guerra de la Gran Colombia con el Per, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 16:46/49 (jul./dic. 1937), 5-61; 18:54 (jul./dic. 1939), 59-108; 19:55 (ene./jun. 1940), 29-67. An essay regarding the boundary conflict of 1829 and the battle of Tarqu. 1896. Ziga, Neptal. Historia de Latacunga: independencia. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1968. 2 v. A comprehensive account of the participation of Latacunga in the movements for independence, from 1809 through 1822. Based on original research. Extensively documented. 1897. Ziga,Neptal. Historia de la independencia de Amrica Latina: movimientos precursores. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1975. 2 v. In this work Ziga adopted the extremist, albeit hardly unique, position that the movement for independence in Ecuador began with the rebellion of the encomenderos in the sixteenth century. In the process, however, he has much to say of interest about

the Spanish conquest of the Tahuantinsuyu, especially of the Kingdom of Quito, and the subsequent civil wars between the conquistadores. Based on considerable archival research, mostly in Spain.

HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECUADOR Vol. II by Michael T. Hamerly

BIOGRAPHIES

Es increble cuanto se ha inventado y fabulado en torno a Espejo. Cuanto se ha escrito sin el menor apoyo documental.--Hernn Rodrguez Castelo

Nunca Quito dio un figura mayor [que Gonzlez Surez], en toda su historia. Ah hubo una gran inteligencia, expresada con inmensa lucides; sabidura, sensibilidad potente, suma vigilancia de la forma; las corrientes mentales siempre en altura, la voz sentenciosa, el espritu en permanente diafanidad ...--Alfonso Rumazo Gonzlez

Unfortunately, three negative tendencies have characterized the writing of biography in Ecuador, not all biographies to be sure, but, nonetheless, far too many: 1) not just the substitution of fiction for facts but myth making; 2) not just the substitution of the well turned phrase for truth but hyperbole converted into an art form--the baroque is still very much alive in Ecuadorian letters; and 3) a continuing emphasis on the lives and careers of great men. On these and other aspects of the art of biography in the country, see Absaln Ordnez Gmezs La embriaguez de los mitos: crtica histrica (Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1996; 2 v.). Fortunately, some of the biographies listed below, albeit they are in a distinct minority, are relatively factual and objective, well researched and documented. Also interesting is few how biographies or biographical studies of Ecuadorians there are in English. They can be counted on the fingers of both hands. Furthermore, the only two of any scholarly value in so far as pre-1996 materials are concerned are Robert E. Norriss difficult to obtain 1969 doctoral dissertation, Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra: A Charismatic Figure in Ecuadorean Politics, 1934-1961 (item 2276) and Mark J. Van Akens King of the Night: Juan Jos Flores and Ecuador, 1824-1864 (item 2199).

2974. Agramonte y Pichardo, Roberto. Biografa del dictador Garca Moreno: estudio psicopatologico e histrico. Havana: Cultural, 1936. 277 p. Anti-Garca Moreno. Employs a pseudo-psychological approach. 2975. Aguado Cantero, Rodolfo; and Jorge Alvarez Fernndez. Juan Jos Flores: el fundador de Ecuador. Madrid: Anaya, 1988. 126 p.

A popular biography. 2976. Aguilar, Antonio. El coronel don Francisco E. Tamariz, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 7 (abr. 1923), 288-292. 2977. Aguilar Paredes, Jaime. Grandes personalidades de la patria ecuatoriana: galera biogrfica, 2 ed. Ambato: Edit. Pio XII, 1979. 374 p. 2978. Albornoz, Miguel. Orellana, el caballero de las Amazonas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 219 p. (Coleccin histrica; 11) Reprint; originally published: Quito: Ediciones de Ultimas Noticias, 1946. 232 p. A journalistic view of Orellana by an uncritical admirer. Relatively complete, but undocumented. 2979. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Alberto Muoz Vernaza. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1969. 216 p. A solid, relatively objective life of one of Cuencas most distinguished scholars. Includes a substantial chapter on Muoz Vernaza as a historian (p. 113-186). N.B. Not all of Muoz Vernazas oeuvre has been reprinted, having originally appeared in various newspapers and periodicals of the late nineteenth century for the most part. 2980. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Alfonso Moreno Mora: el poeta exiliado en el ensueo y el recuerdo. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1951. 120 p. 2981. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Antonio Vega Muoz. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1957. 56 p. 2982. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Don Rafael Torres, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos de Cuenca, 10:38 (mar. 1943), 165-186. 2983. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Federico Proao: galeote del destino. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1953. 340 p. A biography of a journalist exiled originally by Garca Moreno and subsequently again by Veintimilla. 2984. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Fray Jos Mara Aguirre. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1953. 31 p. 2985. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Fray Vicente Solano: estudio biogrfico crtico. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1966. 2 v. A substantially revised and augmented edition of work originally published: Cuenca: Tip. Municipal, 1942. Nicely detailed, solidly documented, well written. In so far as the specifics of Father Solanos life are concerned, probably a definitive account. Not as objective as one would like, however. 2986. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. El hermano Miguel: (Francisco Febres Cordero Muoz). Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1955. 256 p. 2987. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Luis Cordero, 1833-1912, Tres de noviembre, nueva ser., 4 (6 abr. 1933), 38-55.

2988. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Luis Cordero Dvila: verbo y lira con alma de espada. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1948. 131 p. A prize-winning biography. Somewhat verbose and not as informative as it could be, however. Cordero Dvila (1876-1940) was a cuencano who dabbled in poetry and the son of Luis Cordero Crespo. 2989. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Manuel J. Calle, Amrica (Quito), 16:70 (1941), 89-102. 2990. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Muy antiquo y muy moderno ... : Francisco Patio de Lara (1589-1660) y Emmanuel Honorato Vzquez (1894-1924). Cuenca: [s.n.], 1939. 19 p. 2991. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Po Bravo. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1960. 86 p. A less than satisfactory account of the career of Po Bravo (1806-1858), a cuencano, lawyer, journalist, polemicist and one of the founders of the Liberal party. 2992. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Rafael Mara Arzaga: semblanza. Cuenca: Tall. Tip. de la Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1949. 39 p. A sketch of the life and career of Arzaga (1858-1933), a cuencano and a conservative. 2993. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Semblanza de Octavio Cordero Palacios. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 120 p. A brief appraisal of the life and publications of Octavio Cordero Palacios (1870-1930), a cuencano biographer and historian. 2994. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Tres semblanzas. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1961. 68 p. An appreciation of Roberto Crespo Ordez, Hortensia Ordnez de Crespo Toral, and their son Roberto Crespo Toral. 2995. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Joaqun Chiriboga: un demcrata olvidado, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 53/54 (jul./dic. 1983), 137-160. 2996. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Semblanza de Jos Peralta. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1960. 47 p. 2997. Alvarado S., Jos Rafael. Biografas. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1978. 71 p. Sketches the lives and careers of Daniel Hermida Ortega, Carlos Crespi, J. Ignacio Pea Jaramillo, Manuel Mara Palacios Bravo, and Vctor Cuesta Jaramillo. 2998. Alvarado S., Jos Rafael. Reseas biogrficas de artistas azuayos contemporneos. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1985. 68 p. 2999. Alvarado S., Jos Rafael. Reseas biogrficas sobre notables artistas azuayos. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1984. 94 p.

Items 2998 and 2999 are useful sketches of the lives and careers of sculptors, painters, musicians, composers and other past and present artists born in or identified with the Province of Azuay. 3000. Alves, Alvio de. Juan Bautista Vsquez: apuntes biogrficos documentados relativos a ese eminente azuayo. Cuenca: Impr. del Santo Cenculo, 1923. 91 p. 3001. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. El adelantado don Juan de Salinas Loyola y su Gobernacin de Yaguarizongo y Pacamoros. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1980. 376 p. Consists of extensive but nonetheless secondhand, not always accurate notes (from the Archivo General de Indias via the Vacas Galindo collection) on sixteenth-century governors and ecclesiastics of Spanish towns and Indian pueblos in what is now the Province of Jan de Bracamoros in northern Peru. N.B. Over the years Anda Aguirre has demonstrated himself to be an assiduous researcher and a generally reliable scholar, depending upon the sources or collections consulted. Unfortunately, however, he is lacking in methodology and objectivity. 3002. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Los Carrin. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1964. 104 p. A genealogical study of the Carrin family. The founder of the family in Ecuador was the sevillano Agustn Carrin y Merodio (d. 1631). Based on research in the private collection of the late Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn. 3003. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. El corregidor de Loja don Melchor de Pealosa. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1976. 110 p. A well documented biography of an early seventeenth-century corregidor of Loja. Based on research in the Gangotena y Jijn and Vacas Galindo Collections. 3004. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Corregidores y servidores pblicos de Loja. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1987. 273 p. A veritable whos who of corregidores, cabildo members, notaries, and other public officials of Loja during the colonial period. 3005. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Datos ms detallados sobre el linaje de don Juan de Salinas y Loyola. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 23 p. 3006. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Datos sobre apellidos y personajes lojanos, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 3:5 (nov. 1983), 243-251; 4/5:6 (dic. 1985), 135-177; 10:8 (jul. 1990), 163-166. Research notes on various lojanos of the colonial, independence, and early national periods. Based on research in local parish and notarial archives. Another part of this work appeared in no. 7 of the Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, not yet seen by me. See also Anda Aguirres Los Aguirre en Loja in ibid., 8 (jul. 1990), 61-107. 3007. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Los Marqueses de Solanda: mritos y servicios de la familia Snchez, Marqueses de Solanda: defensa documentada de doa Mariana Carceln de Sucre, mujer del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1974. 189 p.

An infatuated biography, based on private papers in the Gangotena y Jijn Collection, of one of the titled families of the colonial and independence periods, especially of the I and II Marquis of Solanda. The final third of the volume is given over to vindicating Sucres widow, the VIII Marquise of Solanda and VI of Villarrocha. 3008. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Primeros gobernadores de Mainas: los generales Vaca de Vega. Quito: [s.n.], 1955. 159 p. A study of the lives and careers of Diego Vaca de Vega (d. 1627?), his sons Pedro Vaca de la Cadena and Juan Mauricio Vaca de Evan (d. 1673?), and his nephew Jernimo Vaca de Vega (1649-1693), who inherited the governorship of Mainas. Based on the Gangotena y Jijn and Vacas Galindo collections. 3009. Anda Aguirre, Martn. Los primeros vecinos de Loja. Quito: Edit. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, 1950. 113 p. On the four Pedros (de la Cadena, de Cianca, de Len, and Pacheco). 3010. Anda Aguirre de Mora Moreno, Amelia. Eduardo Mora Moreno: su obra y su recuerdo, 1906-1987, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1990. 571 p. A biography of a twentieth-century legislator and politician of Loja by his widow. 3011. Andrade, Ral. Julio Andrade: crnica de una vida heroica. Quito: C.G. Liebmann, 1962. 70 p. Hardly objective, but useful for data culled from family memories and papers. N.B. Julio and Roberto Andrade were brothers. 3012. Andrade, Roberto. Montalvo y Garca Moreno: ensayos histricos y biogrficos, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 297 p. Reprint of the first complete edition: Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, 1970. 2 v. Vol. 1 was originally published as: Estudios histricos: Montalvo y Garca Moreno (Lima: F. Grau, 1890). Pro-Montalvo and anti-Garca Moreno. Andrade participated in the assassination of Garca Moreno, on which see also Andrades rare Seis de agosto (Portoviejo: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1896; 415 p). 3013. Andrade, Roberto. Quin mat a Garca Moreno?: autobiografa de un perseguido, estudio introductorio y notas, Plutarco Naranjo y Fernando Jurado. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Sociedad de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1994. 2 v. Posthumously published memoirs of one of the most important members of the Liberal movement and Party. Sheds considerable light on the politics and personalities of the second half of the nineteenth and the first third of the twentieth century. 3014. Andrade, Roberto. Vida y muerte de Eloy Alfaro: memorias. New York: York Printing Company, 1916. 492 p. Pro-Alfaro. 3015. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Motivos nacionales. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1911-1927. 2 v.

Vol. 2: Impr. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios. Contents: vol. 1. Maldonado, Meja, Montalvo; vol. 2. Cuadros de costumbres quiteas y biografas. 3016. Andrade Reimers, Luis. Sucre, soldado y patriota. Quito: Edit. Ediguas, 1992. 266 p. 3017. Andrade y Arzaga, Ignacio. El prncipe del periodismo en el Ecuador, Dn. Manuel de Jess Calle. Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1939. 30 p. 3018. Andrade y Cordero, Csar. Vigencia de un corregidor: cdula de identidad del sargento mayor Dn. Joseph de Andrade y Benavides, caballero de la Orden de Santiago y seor de la villa de Salas y Ribera, corregidor de Cuenca de Amrica: noticia sobre sus ascendientes, filiacin de sus descendientes y recuento documentado y escriturario de sus servicios. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1955. 210 p. 3019. Angulo, Vinicio. Miguel Snchez Astudillo desde sus cartas, Cultura, 9:25 (mayo/ago. 1986), 253-280. 3020. Apoteosis de Eugenio Espejo en el segundo centenario de su nacimiento. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana [para el] Comit Pro-Bicentenario de Espejo, 1947. iv, 168 p. 3021. Aravena, Jorge. Jorge Carrera Andrade: los caminos de un poeta, obra potica completa, biografa, iconografa, bibliografa. Quito: Msica, Palabra e Imagen del Ecuador, 1980. 476 p. Although eulogistic, this work includes useful bibliographic as well as considerable biographic information. 3022. Arboleda R., Gustavo. Diccionario biogrfico de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1910. viii, 194 p.

Limited to notable individuals. The entries tend to be sketchy. 3023. Arias, Augusto. El cristal indgena. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934. 209 p. A biography of Eugenio Espejo. 3024. Arias, Augusto. Luis A. Martnez. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1937. 185 p. 3025. Arias, Augusto. Mariana de Jess, 2 ed. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1944. 159 p. Attempts to place Ecuadors first saint in historical context. 3026. Arias, Augusto. Vida de Pedro Fermn Cevallos. Quito: Edit. Escuela Central Tcnica, 1946. 99 p. Also published as: Biografa de Pedro Fermn Cevallos. Quito: Colegio Central Tcnico, 1948. 105 p.

Items 3023-3026 are reprinted in item 531. None of the above mentioned works reflects original research, being based on other biographies and the published works of the biographee, but they are well written and notable because Arias attempted to depict the private as well as the public personae. 3027. Arias Altamirano, Augusto. Diccionario biogrfico del clero secular guayaquilense, 1820-1970. Guayaquil: Impr. Romal, 1971. 307 p. A useful reference work. Based on original research. 3028. Arzaga, Jos Rafael. El seor doctor don Antonio Borrero, Presidente del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. de F. Bermeo, 1876. 38 p. An appreciation by a contemporary. 3029. Arzaga, Rafael Mara. El coronel Alejandro Vargas Machuca, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1 (ene. 1921), 97-115. 3030. Arzaga Vega, Rafael. Antonio Vega Muoz, el insurgente, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. el Conejo, 1989. 205 p. 3031. Arzaga Vega, Rafael. Memoria histrica: 1920-1989, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1990-. <1> v. The autobiography and memoirs of a cuencano intellectual and politician. 3032. Arzaga Vega, Rafael. Velasco Ibarra, el rostro del caudillo. Quito: Ediciones Culturales U.N.P., 1985. 297 p. 3033. Arzaga y Arzaga, Max Romeo. Los Arzaga en la cultura nacional. Guayaquil: M.R. Arzaga, 1986. 107 p. 3034. Armijos Ayala, Arturo. Isidro Ayora: esbozo biogrfico. Loja: Offset Cosmos, 1979. 48 p. 3035. Arosemena, Guillermo. Los Arosemena: historia de una familia de tradicin guayaquilea. Guayaquil: G. Arosemena, 1988. 265 p. 3036. Arosemena, Guillermo. Los Coronel: grandes comerciantes guayaquileos del siglo XIX, 1 ed. Guayaquil: G. Arosemena, 1995. 151 p. An uncritical biography of Ildefonso Coronel (1794-1877) and his sons Francisco (1846-1905) and Agustn (1839-1889). Nonetheless, well documented and an important contribution to the economic history of the port city. 3037. Arrobo Carrin, Celn. Rutas inolvidables. Quito: Edit. Artes Grficas, 1969. 236 p. The memoirs of a civil engineer. 3038. Arteaga Parrales, Jos. El martir de El Ejido. Quito: Edit. Delta, 1995-. <1> v. (S.A.G.; 114) Partial contents: t. 1, Alfaro visto por un coterraneo manabita.

3039. Arteta, Carlos Alberto. Conferencias y discursos: datos biogrficos y bibliogrficos sobre el P. Luis Sodiro y el Dr. Mariano Peaherrera. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1923. 87 p. 3040. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. Don Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 30 (jun. 1992), 13-31. More of an eulogy than a biography. 3041. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. Juan de Velasco, historiador, bilogo y naturalista: biografa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1978. 279 p. Anachronistic and apologetic. 3042. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. Prof. Dr. Isidro Ayora: mdico innovador y presidente de la repblica. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1983. 307 p. Excessively laudatory but useful, given the paucity of studies on Ayora (1879-1978), at least as of July 1997. 3043. Astuto, Philip Louis. Eugenio Espejo, a Man of the Enlightenment in Ecuador, Revista de historia de Amrica, 44 (dic. 1957), 369-391. Also published in Spanish as: Eugenio Espejo, hombre de la Ilustracin en el Ecuador, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 5:9/10 (dic. 1959), 113-139. 3044. Astuto, Philip Louis. Eugenio Espejo (1747-1795): reformador ecuatoriano de la ilustracin, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1969. 157 p. A solid summary of what was then known and supposed about Espejo, based on secondary studies and published sources. 3045. Astuto, Philip Louis. A Latin American Spokesman in Napoleonic Spain: Jos Meja Lequerica, The Americas: a Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 24:4 (Apr. 1968), 354-377. 3046. Ayala, Segundo F. Ideario de monseor Gonzlez Surez. Quito: Edit. Plenitud, 1932. 280 p. 3047. Ayala, Segundo F. Un ilustre ecuatoriano: semblanza de don Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. Quito: Edit. Plenitud, 1948. 123 p. 3048. Balarezo Moncayo, Pablo. Vida de huracn: esbozo biogrfico del Dr. Juan Benigo Vela. Ambato: Impr. Municipal, 1944. 47 p. 3049. Bandn Hermeo, Manuel. El obispo de Quito don Alonso de la Pea Montenegro, 1596-1687. Madrid: Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 1951. xxxiv, 510 p. An exceptionally scholarly study. 3050. Barrera, Angel T. Alfaro, el Garibaldi americano: boceto histrico por su antiguo secretario. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1916. 108 p. 3051. Barrera, Isaac J. Epistolario a Isaac J. Barrera: recoleccin pstuma. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 2 v.

3052. Barrera, Isaac J. Rocafuerte: estudio histrico-biogrfico. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1911. 206 p. 3053. Barreto, Guillermo. Santo o demonio?: cronologa de la vida y milagros de Garca Moreno. Quito: Edit. Mundo Nuevo, 1970. 259 p. Unabashedly pro-Garca Moreno. More of a hagiography than a biography. Supports the beatification of Garca Moreno, the Archdiocesan Commission for which was established in 1939 by Archbishop Carlos Mara de la Torre. The church in Ecuador still holds Garca Moreno in high regard, albeit no longer as a candidate for sainthood. See: Cardinal Archbishop Pablo Muoz Vegas Sesquicentenario del nacimiento de Garca Moreno, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul/dic. 1971), 231-283; and Al pueblo ecuatoriano: comunicado de la Conferencia Episcopal con ocasin del centenario de la muerte del Dr. Gabriel Garca Moreno, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 122-129. 3054. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Benjamn Carrin. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crdito Educativo y Becas, 1985. 215 p. As of the late 1990s, the most detailed biography of this major literary figure of the twentieth century. See also Carrins Correspondencia, seleccin y notas de Gustavo Salazar; prlogo de Jorge Enrique Adoum. (Quito: Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito, 1995-). I, Cartas a Benjamn. 3055. Batallas, Lenidas. Monseor Federico Gonzlez Surez: apuntes para su biografa. Quito: Universidad Central, 1944. 357 p. 3056. Bateman, Alfredo D. Francisco Jos de Caldas: el hombre y el sabio. Manizales: Impr. Departamental de Caldas, 1959. 402 p. A comprehensive, scholarly, relatively objective biography. 3057. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Bicentenario del nacimiento de Federico Enrique Alejandro Baron de Humboldt. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1969. 87, [32] p. 3058. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. El Dr. Francisco Xavier Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo. Quito: Quito Times, 1982. 193 p. A solid, well researched, heavily documented study. Refreshingly free of conjecture and hyperbole. 3059. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Un personaje de la conquista: Pedro de Puelles, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 351-360. An account of the career of one of the most important of the first vecinos of Quito. Puelles succeeded Benlcazar as Pizarros lugarteniente. Based on published materials. 3060. Beerman, Eric. Bosquejo biogrfico y genealgico de Francisco Requena y su Descripcin de la Provincia de Guayaquil de 1774, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:14 (dic. 1978), 3-23.

See also items 6436 and 6437 and Beermans Francisco Requena : la expedicin de lmites: Amazonia, 1779-1795 (Madrid: Compaa Literaria, 1996; 187 p.) 3061. Beerman, Eric. El Marqus de Selva Alegre, hroe de la independencia ecuatoriana, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 9:18 (dic. 1980), 25-37. Notwithstanding the title, a genealogical study of the Montfars. 3062. Benalczar, Sebastin de. Testamento del seor capitn don Sebastin de Benalczar: conquistador y fundador de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito, versin paleogrfica de Jorge A. Garcs G. y anotaciones del Rdo. Padre Fr. Alfonso A. Jerves, O.P. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1935. 78 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 7) 3063. Benites Vinueza, Leopoldo. Argonautas de la selva: (biografa del capitn D. Francisco de Orellana y la aventura del descubrimiento del Amazonas). Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1945. 306 p. 3064. Benites Vinueza, Leopoldo. Francisco Eugenio Espejo, habitante de la noche. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 247 p. The final installment in Benites Vinuezas lifetime study of Espejo. Beautifully written. Insightful and scholarly sound for the most part. 3065. Benites Vinueza, Leopoldo. Francisco Javier Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo y Jos Meja Lequerica, Precursores (Puebla, Mxico, 1960), p. 1-126. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [12]) 3066. Berthe, Augustine. Garca Moreno, president de LEquateur: vengeur et martyr du droit chrtien (1821-1875). Paris: Retaux-Bray, Libraire-Editeur, 1887. 813 p. Converts Garca Moreno into a martyr for Christianity. The author was a French Redemptorist. For a coeval critique see item 3070. Also published in English as: Garca Moreno, President of Ecuador, 1821-1875. London: Burns and Gates, 1889. xii, 333 p. And in Spanish as: Garca Moreno, presidente de la Repblica del Ecuador: vengador y mrtir del derecho cristiano. Paris: Vctor Retaux e Hijo, Libreros Editores, 1892. 2 v. 3067. Biografas de valores manabitas. Portoviejo: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 19811982. 8 v. Contents: [1], Jos Mara Egas; [2], Alejo Lascano Bahamonde; [3], Eloy Alfaro Delgado, el general de 100 batallas, su vida heroica; [4], Verdi Cevallos Balda, poeta y cientfico; [5], Manuel Andrade Ureta, 1917-1974; [6], Constantino Mendoza Moreira: compositor inmortal; [7], Elas Cedeo Jerves: autor del inmortal pasillo Manab; [8], Manuel Inocencio Parrales y Guale: cacique y gobernador. 3068. Boero, Joseph. The Life of the Blessed Mary Ann of Jesus, de Paredes y Flores: an American Virgin Called the Lilly of Quito. Philadelphia: Peter F. Cunningham, 1863. 302 p. A hagiography. 3069. Borja, Luis Felipe (hijo). El Dr. Antonio Borrero y Cortzar: apuntes histricobiogrficos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 5-41.

Reprint; originally published: Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 14 (nov. 1928), 52-72; 15 (nov. 1929), 15-43. Also issued as a separate: Quito: Litografa e Impr. Romero, 1942. 37 p. 3070. Borrero, Antonio. Refutacin del libro del Rvdo. Padre A. Berthe titulado Garca Moreno, presidente del Ecuador, vengador y mrtir del derecho cristiano, prlogo y notas de Vctor Manuel Albornoz, 2 ed. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1958-1968. 3 v. Reprint; originally published: Guayaquil: Impr. de la Nacin, 1889. The 2 ed., although annotated by Albornoz, does not in fact include a prologue by him. Instead the publishers included Abelardo Moncayos 1893 La reparacin. Although Borrero admired Garca Moreno, he took exception to Berthes quasi-hagiography of the theocrat and denigration of Ecuador (item 3066) and endeavored to offer instead an extensive, heavily documented portrait of Garca Morenos lado bueno y su lado malo. 3071. Borrero, Manuel Mara. El coronel Antonio Vega Muoz. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1957. 329 p. 3072. Borrero Crespo, Maximiliano. Orgenes cuencanos. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1962. 2 v. Genealogies of 385 cuencano families. Includes some biographical data. 3073. Borrero Crespo, Maximiliano. Orgenes cuencanos (apndice), Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 1:1 (mar. 1981), 55-60; 1:2 (jul. 1981), 117-136; 1:3 (nov. 1981), 9-98; 3:5 (nov. 1983), 97-206. Supplements and considerably augments item 3072, constituting in effect a third volume. 3074. Botting, Douglas. Humboldt and the Cosmos. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. 295 p. Also published in Spanish as: Humboldt y el cosmos: vida, obra y viajes de un hombre universal, 1779-1859. Barcelona: Edit. del Serbal, 1982. 347 p. 3075. Bravo, Julin G. Aurelio Espinosa Plit S.J.: apstol de la educacin catlica y de la evangelizacin de la cultura. Quito: J.G. Bravo, 1990. 169 p. An excessively eulogistic work. Does not include a bibliography of Espinosa Plits oeuvre. 3076. Bravo, Julin G. Mara Francisca de las Llagas Cornejo: me inclin sobre la cruz e hice de mi vida una oblacin humilde de sacrificio reparador, 1 ed. Quito: J.B. Bravo, 1990. 194 p. 3077. Bravo Arauz, Bolvar. Boceto biogrfico de Luis Napolen Dillon: primer centenario de su nacimiento 1975. Quito: Colegio Nacional Tcnico Luis Napolen Dillon, 1978. 178 p. 3078. Bravo Gonzlez, Luis R. Jos Peralta. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1984. 315 p. 3079. Bravo Guerreira, Mara Concepcin. Atahualpa. Madrid: Historia 16, 1986. 160 p.

3080. Brice, Angel Francisco. Juan Jos Flores, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 47:188 (oct./dic. 1964), 525-536. Flores has enjoyed a more favorable but not necessarily more objective press in his country of origin than in the country he founded. 3081. Bucaram: historia de una vida, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1981. 299 p. Consists of materials on Assad Bucaram (1916-1981) and the Concentracin de Fuerzas Populares. 3082. Bueno C., Ricardo. El Rdo. Sr. Pbro. Juan Jos Glvez: apstol de los indios (18911926). Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1926. 23 p. 3083. Burbano Vzquez, Jos Rafael. Biografa de Honorato Vsquez, 1 ed. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura 1981. xli, 475 p. 3084. Burgos Flor, Csar. Biografa de Francisco Huerta Rendn. Guayaquil: Vicerrectorado Acadmico de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1990. 72 p. 3085. Burson, Daniel W. Jos Mara Villamil: Soldier, Statesman of the Americas. 1976. ix, 288 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Louisiana State University. 3086. Calatayud Arinero, Mara de los Angeles. Pedro Franco Dvila: primer director del Gabinete de Historia Natural, fundado por Carlos III. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 1988. 250 p. Probably the best study of the founder of the eventual Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales ever likely to be undertaken. Exceptionally detailed and well documented. See also the authors Catlogo de documentos del Real Gabinete de Historia Natural (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, 1987; 3 vols.). 3087. Calle, Manuel J. Biografas y semblanzas. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1921. xxxi, 294 p. Consists of biographical sketches and studies of Luis Cordero, Remigio Crespo Toral, Federico Gonzlez Surez, Luis A. Martnez, Juan B. Vela, and Honorato Vzquez. The 1966 edition (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca) reprints only the chapters on Cordero, Crespo Toral, and Vzquez. 3088. Calle, Manuel J. Figuras y siluetas. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1899. 308 p. Includes a detailed biography of Manuel Benigno Cueva, Eloy Alfaros first vice president (1896-1897). The other Liberals covered are Abelardo Moncayo, Felicsimo Lpez, Luis Vargas Torrs, Federico Proao, and Francisco Hall. 3089. Calle, Manuel J. Hombres de la revuelta: Tern, Peralta, Moncayo, Alfaro, Arvalo, Estrada, Arellano, Cueva, Trevio, Mestanza, Felicsimo Lpez, etc. Guayaquil: La Nacin, 1907. viii, 196 p. Published under the pseudonym: Enrique de Rastignac.

3090. Calle, Manuel J. Juan Murillo Mir, muerto en Quito en la maana del 15 de diciembre de 1900: rasgo necrolgico. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1900. 29 p. 3091. Camacho Santos, Efran. Apuntes biogrficos de don Vicente Rocafuerte: impulsor de la independencia americana, y presidente de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1936. 54 p. Also published as: Don Vicente Rocafuerte: impulsor de la independencia americana y presidente de la Repblica del Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 10-63. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1984. 87 p. 3092. Campodonico, Miguel. Los maestros: semblanzas de algunos profesionales ecuatorianos. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1940. 52 p. 3093. Campos, Francisco. Galera biogrfica de hombres clebres ecuatorianos. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Telegrafo, 1885. 111 p. 3094. Carbo, Pedro. Biografa de Olmedo. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Nacin por Fidel Montoya, 1880. 20 p. Reprinted in: Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 8:15 (jun. 1979), 93-111. 3095. Carbo, Pedro. Vicente Rocafuerte, introduccin y notas de Cecilia Alvarez R. Riobamba: Edit. Pedaggica Freire, 1984. 99 p. Reprint; originally published as: Biografa del ilustre ecuatoriano Sr. Vicente Rocafuerte. Lima: Impr. del Teatro, 1884. 29 p. 3096. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Velasco Ibarra: ideologa, poder y democracia, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1991. 110 p. 3097. Carmona Moreno, Flix. Fray Luis Lpez de Sols, O.S.A.: figura estelar de la evangelizacin de Amrica. Madrid: Edit. Revista Agustiniana, 1993. 223 p. See also item 4983. 3098. Carpio Abad, Rafael. Vida y andanzas de Rafael Carpio Abad: (autobiografa). Cuenca, Departamento de Difusin Cultural, Universidad de Cuenca, 1978. 100 p. The autobiography of the composer (b. 1905) of the pasillo Chorritos de luz and the pasacalle Chola cuencana. 3099. Carrasco Vintimilla, Manuel. Mito y realidad de Eugenio Espejo, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 2 (1980), 52-74. 3100. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. El volcn y el colibr: autobiografa, prlogo, esbozo biogrfico y bibliografa por J. Enrique Ojeda, 2 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 345 p. Originally published: Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr. 1970. 358 p. 3101. Carrin, Benjamn. Atahualpa, 3 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 225 p.

Originally published: Mxico: Impr. Mundial, 1934. 315 p. Available in multiple editions. Historical fiction in the guise of scholarship. 3102. Carrin, Benjamn. Garca Moreno, el santo del patbulo, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1959. 746 p. Vituperation paraded as erudition. Also published in a 2 ed.: Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984. 745 p. 3103. Carrin, Benjamn. G.H. Mata, el comprendedor apasionado. Cuenca: Impr. Canisio, 1967. 118 p. 3104. Casares, Manuel Mara. Los restos de Sucre: contestacin a la Rplica del Dr. A. Muoz Vernaza. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1906. 177 p. Argues that the remains of Sucre used to be in Carmen Alto, before they came to rest in the Cathedral of Quito, but their true whereabouts are still being debated. 3105. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Defensa de Olmedo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 17-28. Reprinted in: Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11:27 (1961), 77-90. 3106. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Ecuatorianos ilustres en Costa Rica durante el siglo xix. San Jos: Impr. Vargas, 1958. 36 p. Originally published in: Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 183-220. 3107. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Pedro Franco Dvila: un sabio guayaquileo olvidado, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas . 9:21/22 (1952), 9-57. A well researched biography of the guayaquileo who founded the Real Gabinete de Historia Natural in Madrid (now the Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales). Also published in: Revista chilena de historia y geografa, 127 (1959), 92-132; and in Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11/12:28/29 (1962-1963), 3-42. 3108. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Medardo Angel Silva: vida, poesa y muerte. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1983. xiii, 426 p. Con una completa bibliografa seguida de una breve antologa en verso y prosa y 24 fotografas relacionadas con el poeta. 3109. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Olmedo entre San Martn y Bolvar. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1973. 96 p. 3110. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Olmedo, libertador civil del Ecuador, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:3 (jun. 1973), 7-13. 3111. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Olmedo, prcer y poeta, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 263-298. 3112. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Viuda y madre de hroes: doa Manuela Garaycoa de Caldern, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:2/3 (dic. 1951), 252-256.

3113. Castillo, Juan del. Vita della venerable Mariana di Gesu de Paredes e Flores: vergine secolare americana suprannomata il giglio di Quito. Roma: Salomoni, 1776. 235 p. A hagiography. 3114. Castro, Julio. En el centenario del nacimiento del historiador nacional, Sr. Dr. Dn. Pedro Fermn Cevallos. Quito: El Comercio, 1912. 55 p. 3115. Castro Donoso, Pablo Javier. Biografa del doctor Miguel Egas Cabeza, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura ecuatoriana, 12:25:23 (ene. 1979), 157-165. 3116. Castro Tola, Mara Lola. Apuntes biogrficos sobre el ingeniero Otto von Buchwald, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 136-142. 3117. Castro Tola, Mara Lola. El ilustrsimo seor don Luis de Tola y Avils, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 9-29. An essay on the life (1811-1877) and career of the first bishop of Portoviejo (1871-1877). 3118. Castro Tola, Mara Lola. Monseor Francisco Xavier de Garaicoa y Llaguno, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9:25/26 (1960), 74-80. An eulogy of the first bishop of Guayaquil. 3119. Cevallos, Pedro Fermn. Ecuatorianos ilustres: (biografas de Pedro Vicente Maldonado, P. Juan de Velasco, P. Juan B. Aguirre, Antonio Alcedo). Quito: Impr. La Juventud, 1912. 58 p. 3120. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Por un Garca Moreno de cuerpo entero. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1978. 330 p. Attempts to demystify and to humanize Garca Moreno. Supersedes authors earlier study, Entonces fue el Ecuador (item 2024). Unfortunately, Cevallos Garca expends too much space on trying to explain Garca Moreno and not enough on his life and career. Also Cevallos Garca dispenses with bibliography on the grounds that the informed reader already knows what has been written on Garca Moreno, an approach that I find cavalier inasmuch as Cevallos Garca appears, more often than not, to be carrying on a debate with those who had condemned as well as with those who had eulogized Garca Moreno. Reprinted in Temas histricos ecuatorianos (item 217), vol. 2, p. 45-384. 3121. Cobo Espinosa, Rafael. Biografa de Luis Alberto Falcon Garzn. Riobamba: Impr. del Colegio Experimental Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 1968. 71 p. 3122. Ciudadanos distinguidos de Loja. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1969. 136 p. 3123. Coloquio internacional sobre Juan Montalvo: Ambato, del 14 al 22 de julio de 1988. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1989. 651 p. See also item 4425. 3124. Compte, Francisco Mara. Defensa del P. Fr. Jodoco Ricke, fundador de los Conventos de S. Pablo de Quito y de San Bernardino de Popayn: va seguida de un bosquejo

histrico de su vida, con algunos documentos inditos ... Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1882-1883. 2 v. A traditional yet indispensable biography of the founder of the Franciscan Order in Quito. Detailed and heavily documented. 3125. Conozca a los hombres de Guayaquil: el libro de oro del 72: un homenaje a los valores humanos de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Marco Tulio Guerra Borja, Alberto Garcs Mancero, 1972. 168 p. 3126. Contra el Dr. Eugenio Espejo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 297-304. Publishes Mara de Chiriboga y Villaviencios 1787 accusation that Espejo had libeled her and other prominent riobambeos in his satirical Cartas riobambenses, and related materials. 3127. Coral Patio, Hector. Vida y obra del seor General Alberto Enrquez Gallo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 465 p. A biography of Enrquez Gallo (1895-1962), president of Ecuador (Oct. 1937-Aug. 1938). 3128. Cordero Crespo, Luis. Del surco a la cumbre: biografa del ex-presidente don Luis Cordero. Cuenca: Edit. Monterrey, 1979. 265 p. 3129. Cordero Crespo, Luis. Gonzlez Surez: ensayo crtico sobre su personalidad y su obra. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1944. 119 p. 3130. Cordero Jaramillo, Leoncio. Emiliano Crespo Astudillo: un hito en la historia de la medicina en el Azuay, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5309), p. 201-218. 3131. Cordero Jaramillo, Leoncio. Timolen Carrera Cobos: disciplina, servicio y amistad. Cuenca: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Historia de la Medicina, 1982. 25 p. Also published in: Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5309), p. 235-245. 3132. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Vida de Abdn Caldern, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos del Azuay, 3 (jun. 1921), 193-220. A romanticized portrait. Reprinted several times. 3133. Crdova, Andrs F. Mis primeros 90 aos. Quito: Edit. Epoca, [1982]. 387 p. 3134. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Daquilema, el ltimo guaminga, 3rd ed. Quito: Cedime: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1984. 192 p. Revisada y reelaborada. Originally published under title: Fernando Daquilema. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1957. 138 p. The second edition, Fernando Daquilema, ltimo guaminga, appeared as no. 16 of Lacta. 221 p. One of the few works on an indigenous uprising of the nineteenth century that attempts to place the movement and its leadership in historical context. 3135. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Fray Pedro Bedn Pineda: padre de la escuela quitea. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1954. 120 p.

3136. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. El lancero: historia de un pueblo y de un soldado. Riobamba: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Chimborazo, 1970. 277 p. The life and times of Bernardo Dvalos Len (1818-1880), an army officer, politician, and supporter of Garca Moreno. 3137. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Leandro Selfa y Oro, curucela: 1734-1810, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 115 (nov. 1983), 101-128. 3138. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. El sabio Maldonado ante la posteridad. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948. 77 p. 3139. Crespo Astudillo, Emiliano J. Memorias de un cirujano. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Azuay, 1982. 2 v. The memoirs of a cuencano and a surgeon born in 1885. 3140. Crespo Toral, Arturo. El Dr. Emiliano Crespo Astudillo, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 293-309. 3141. Crespo Toral, Remigio. El doctor Antonio Flores Jijn, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, 13 (jul. 1932), 360-370. Reprinted in: Revista de la Universidad de Cuenca, 15 (feb. 1935), 89-102. 3142. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Garca Moreno: el hombre, el ciudadano, el hroe, el genio. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1939. 144 p. 3143. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Garca Moreno y Borrero, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 32 (jul. 1938), 303-357. 3144. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Luis Cordero. Cuenca: Impr. de Vlez Hnos., 1917. 21 p. 3145. Cuatro grandes maestros ecuatorianos: Fermn Vera Rojas, Carlos Estarellas Aviles, Juan Benito Orellana, Francisco Huerta Rendn , Isabel Herrera [et al.] Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1979. 103 p. 3146. Cueva Jaramillo, Juan. Rendn, un ecuatoriano universal, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 417-433. An appreciation of Manuel Rendn Seminario and his paintings. 3147. Cueva Tamariz, Agustn. Semblanzas biotipo lgicas. Cuenca: Colegio Nacional Benigno Malo, 1944. 293 p. A potpourri of biographical sketches and studies of Miguel Moreno, Manuel J. Calle, Octavio Cordero Palacios, Alfonso Moreno Mora, Luis Cordero Dvila, Medardo Angel Silva, Juan de Tarfe, and Vicente Solano. 3148. Cuvi, Pablo. Velasco Ibarra: el ltimo caudillo de la oligarqua, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1977. 263 p. 3149. Chvez Franco, Modesto. Biografa olvidadas. Guayaquil: Impr. i Tall. Municipales, 1940. 304 p.

The lives of Federico Marcos Hidalgo (d. 1879), Manuel de J. Bravo, Jacinto de Evia, Dr. Jos Mascote, Dr. Rafael Garca Goyena--whose Fbulas (Guatemala: Imp. F. Silva,1886) Chvez Franco reprints (p. 92-201)--Dr. Miguel Perdomo Neira, Antonio Neumane, Federico Vctor Reinel, and other forgotten guayaquileos. Unfortunately this work is more anecdotal than factual. Chvez Franco even neglects to give such elementary data as dates of birth and death. 3150. Chvez Ramrez, Jaime. Los tres maestros: Juan Montalvo, Federico Gonzlez Surez y Luis F. Mora. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1945. 177 p. 3151. Checa Drouet, Benigno. Vida de don Juan Montalvo. Lima: Edit. Excelsior, 1933. 415 p. 3152. Cheves, Angel Polibio. El prcer Dn. Manuel de Echeanda. Guaranda: Impr. Escolar, 1918. 17 p. 3153. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. El coronel don Carlos Montfar y Larrea, el hroe ms autntico y verdadero de la patria ecuatoriana, El Movimiento emancipador de Hispanoamrica (Madrid: Ediciones Guadarrama, 1961), p. 179-202. 3154. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. El prcer General Dn. Antonio Farfn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 23:62 (jul./dic. 1943), 149-164. 3155. Chiriboga Villaquirn, Marco. Vida, pasin y muerte de Eugenio Espejo, 1 ed. Quito: Editora Panorama, 1995. 147 p. 3156. Darquea, Ricardo. Eloy Alfaro. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1942. 244 p. Relatively objective. 3157. Darquea Cevallos, F. Alberto. Recuerdos a la memoria del seor doctor don Pedro Fermn Cevallos. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1897. vii, 296 p. 3158. Dautzenberg, Leonard. [1842-1915] Ilmo. Dr. Pedro Schumacher: un hombre apostlico de la regin del Rhin en el siglo XIX, 1839-1902 ..., traduccin del Dr. Wilfrido Loor, 2 ed. con nuevas notas aclaratorias e ndices ms completos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1968. 556 p. The first Spanish edition appeared as: Un hombre apostlico de la regin del Rhin en el siglo XIX, 1839-1902: el Ilustrsimo seor Pedro Schumacher: cartas y breves rasgos de su vida. Portoviejo: Tall. anexo El Cronista, 1933. 5 v. Originally published in German as: Bischof Peter Schumacher Oberhirte der Dizese Portoviejo (Ecuador): ein apostolischer Mann aus rheinischen Landen im 19. Jahrhundert (1839-1902): Lebensabriss und Briefe. Regensburg: F. Pustet, 1908. viii, 663 p. 3159. Dvila Andrade, Csar. Fray Vicente Solano: el combatiente sedentario. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1965. 42 p. 3160. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. La espada sin mancha: biografa del general Julio Andrade. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 738 p.

A detailed, solid, well researched life and times of one of the principal figures of the Liberal Revolution. Reprinted: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 666 p. (Coleccin histrica; 15) 3161. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. Piedrahita: un emigrado de su tiempo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 369 p. Piedrahita was governor of the Province of Guayas during the first presidency of Garca Moreno and Ecuadors representative to the 1864-1865 Congreso Americano of Lima. Well but incompletely researched. In his introduction De la Torre Reyes maintains Los pavorosos incendios que ha sufrido la ciudad de Guayaquil han termindo con archivos, de incalculable valor para mis investigaciones (p. 11), but even the original of the expediente on the assassination of Piedrahita (1878) survives in the Archivo Histrico de la Biblioteca Municipal. Reprinted: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 389 p. 3162. Defourneaux, Marcelin. Un ilustrado quiteo: don Manuel Gijn y Len, primer Conde de Casa Gijn (1717-1794), Anuario de estudios americanos, 24 (1967), 1237-1297. A major contribution to the history of the eighteenth century as well as to that of the titled nobility of Quito. Well researched. Reprinted in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:113 (ene./junio 1969), 65-97. 3163. Del Pino, Fermn. Atau Huallpa. Madrid: Anaya, 1989. 128 p. A popular biography. 3164. La Descendencia de Atahualpa, [documentos transcritos con una introduccin por] Cristbal de Gangotena y Jijn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 38:91 (ene./jun. 1958),107-124; 39:93 (ene./jun. 1959), 91-97. Publishes several mid sixteenth-century sources, especially last wills and testaments, relating to sons of Atahualpa. 3165. Destruge, Camilo. Album biogrfico ecuatoriano, 2 ed. anotada e ilustrada. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 5 v. in 2. A photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Guayaquil: Tip. El Vigilante, 1903-1905. 5 v. Consists of biographical sketches of notable Ecuadorians from the Reino de Quito through the early twentieth century. Still a useful reference work inasmuch as Destruge was a serious scholar who based his works on archival as well as published sources. 3166. Destruge, Camilo. Biografa del general don Len de Febrs Cordero: prcer de la independencia de Guayaquil y benemrito de la emancipacin americana. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, [1920]. 96 p. 3167. Destruge, Camilo. Biografa del Gral. don Juan Illingworth. Guayaquil: Uzctegui y Ca, 1913. xii, 310 p. 3168. Destruge, Camilo. Un inventor guayaquileo, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:41 (mayo/jun. 1914), 264-270.

The biography of a local inventor who developed a submarine, among other unusual machines. 3169. Destruge, Camilo. Urvina el presidente: biografa del general Jos Mara Urvina, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 309 p. (Coleccin histrica; 23) Previously unpublished. Although highly favorable, a solidly documented and as of the late 1990s, the most detailed study of the seventh president of the country. 3170. Daz del Castillo Z., Emiliano. Los Rosero de Sols, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 78:774 (ago./sept. 1991), 667-683. Includes an account of Juan Rosero de Sols, one of the founders of Guayaquil. 3171. Daz Maderuelo, Rafael. Francisco de Orellana. Madrid: Historia 16, 1987. 158 p. 3172. Diccionario biogrfico ecuatoriano, 2 ed. Quito: Producciones Editoriales, 19851986. 2 v. Includes approximately 9,000 entries. 3173. Documentos para la historia de la Beata Mariana de Jess Azucena de Quito, [los publica con una introduccin] Julio Matovele. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1902. xxvi, 403, xxxvi p. 3174. Documentos para la vida de Eugenio Santa Cruz y Espejo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:68 (jul./dic. 1946), 246-251. 3175. Donoso, Ricardo. Antonio Jos de Irisarri: escritor y diplomtico, 1786-1868, 2 ed. Santiago: Facultad de Filosofa y Educacin, Universidad de Chile, 1966. 304 p. During his exile in Ecuador, Irisarri, a Chilean, occupied himself by meddling in internal politics--he was a partisan and a protge of Flores--and by editing and publishing the weekly La Verdad desnuda (Guayaquil, 1 June 1839-21 May 1840), an important source on political and economic developments and events of the day. 3176. Drouet, Virgilio. Miscelnea social. Barcelona: Tip. y Fotograbado Vda. Luis Tasso, 1926. 397 p. Supplements item 3177. Mostly recollections of his travels throughout the Americas and Europe. 3177. Drouet, Virgilio. Treinta aos de labor en beneficio del pueblo. Barcelona: Impr. Viuda de Luis Tasso, 1920. 427 p. The memoirs of a guayaquileo intellectual active in the early labor movement, especially in the promotion of mutual benefit societies. 3178. Egas, Vctor; and Juan Francesia. Cuando el premio es el destierro: Luis Calcagno, fundador de la obra salesiana en el Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 459 p. 3179. Elliot, Elisabeth. Shadow of the Almighty: the Life & Testament of Jim Elliot. New York: Harper, 1958. 256 p. As much a hagiography as any life of a saint.

3180. Elliot, Elisabeth. Through Gates of Splendor, lst ed. New York: Harper, 1957. 256 p. The story of the five Protestant missionaries slain by Huaorani in 1956. Elisabeth Elliot is the widow of Jim Elliot, one of the Wycliffe missionaries. Also published in a 2nd ed.: Wheaton, Ill.: Tyndale House Publications, 1981. 273 p. 3181. En defensa de Manuela Senz: la libertadora del libertador, [Pablo Neruda et al.; editor, Arturo Valero Martnez; seleccin de textos y coordinacin de Carlos Caldern Chico]. Guayaquil: Edit. del Pacfico, [1988?]. 215 p. Reactions by Ecuadorian, Venezuelan, and other Latin American scholars to Denzil Romeros price winning but controversial novel, La esposa del Dr. Thorne (Barcelona: Tusquets Editores, 1988). Includes previously published materials on the liberator of the Liberator. 3182. Escalante, Luis R. Biografa del Ilmo. y Rvdmo. Sr. Dr. Dn. fray Jos Mara Yerovi: obispo de Cidonia y Arzobispo electo de Quito. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin de la Prensa Catlica, 1923. xx, 551 p. 3183. Escudero, Gonzalo. Crespo Toral. Quito: Publicacin del Grupo Amrica, 1940. 28 p. 3184. Espejo, Eugenio. Las prisiones del doctor Eugenio Espejo, 1783-1787-1795: su defensa y apelaciones ante la corte: documentos del Archivo del Conde Jos de Ezpeleta, virrey de Santa F (1789-1797), introduccin y notas por Jorge Villalba Freire. Quito: Ediciones de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1992. 187 p. A well edited set of primary sources. 3185. Espinosa, Rafael M. Dr. Vctor Manuel Peaherrera: jurisconsulto, maestro y precursor. Quito: Litogrficos Andradecar, 1986. 323 p. 3186. Espinosa, Rafael M.; and Carlos E. Villacs E. Semblanzas histrico-biogrficas del Sr. general Alberto Enrquez Gallo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 144 p. A biography of the general who ousted Pez on Oct. 27, 1937 and ruled the country through Aug. 10, 1938. 3187. Espinosa Cordero, Nicols. Don Luis Cordero: ensayo biogrfico que se publica con motivo del primer centenario de su nacimiento, 1833-1933. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1933. 32 p. 3188. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Olmedo en la historia y en las letras. Quito: Edit. Clsica, 1955. 158 p. Well researched. Reprinted: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1980. 214 p. 3189. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Santa Mariana de Jess, hija de la Compaa de Jess. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1957. 410 p. A solid albeit unabashedly favorable biography of the Lilly of Quito, not just another hagiography. 3190. Esquema de una vida ejemplar: homenaje de La Previsora Banco Nacional de Crdito a Vctor Emilio Estrada. Guayaquil: Edit. Cervantes, 1955. 614 p.

3191. Estrada, Jenny. Una mujer total, Matilde Hidalgo de Procel: biografa. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. 198 p. A biography of the first woman to graduate in medicine and to vote in Ecuador. There is also a 2 ed.: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 190 p. 3192. Estrada, Jenny. Mujeres de Guayaquil: siglo XVI al siglo XX, indice biogrfico, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1984. xi, 332 p. Consists of biographical sketches of notable women of the port city from the 1500s through the 1900s. 3193. Estrada, Jenny. Personajes y circunstancias: entrevistas y reportajes. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1982. 259 p. 3194. Estrada, Vctor Emilio. Vida de un hombre: Emilio Estrada. Guayaquil: Impr. A.G. Senefelder, 1942. 260 p. A highly factual and relatively unbiased biography, notwithstanding the consanguineal relationship between biographee and biographer (father and son). 3195. Estupin Bass, Csar Nvil. Nuestro Vargas Torres, 1 ed. Esmeraldas: Ediciones de la Universidad Tcnica Luis Vargas Torres, 1987. 301 p. An eulogistic biography of the Liberal montonero. 3196. Estupin Bass, Nelson. El placer de recordar, 1a ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1995-. <1> v. (226 p.) Vol. 1 (entitled Este largo camino) of a well known Afro-Ecuadorian authors memoirs. Covers his childhood and early years as a novelist and short story writer. 3197. Estupin-Freile, Tamara. Una familia republicana: los Martnez Holgun. Quito: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 382 p. A well researched and illustrated history of Nicols Martnez and his spouse Adelaida Holgun, their eleven children, and the family estate, the Hacienda Lyria. Emphasizes the public life of the Martnez Holgun. 3198. Estupin Tello, Julio. Los Estupin y los Tello en el Ecuador. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1991. 206 p. 3199. Estupin Tello, Julio. Hombres representativos de Esmeraldas, 2 ed. Esmeraldas: Tall. Electrogrfica Offset, 1978. 193 p. Consists of brief biographies of Luis Vargas Torres, Luis Tello, Carlos Concha, Roberto Luis Cervantes, Carlos Otoya, Rafael Palacios, Lenidas M. Drouet, Jos V. Trujillo, Simn Plata Torres, Gustavo Becerra, Alejandrino Velasco, Enrique Valdez C., Carlos Diaz, and Jos A. Caldern. 3200. Eugenio Espejo, conciencia crtica de su poca. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1978. xiii, 369 p.

A compendium of five well researched and written essays on the life and times, writings and significance of the precursor: Carlos Freile Granizo, El siglo XVIII en la Real Audiencia de Quito (p. 1-48); Samuel Guerra Bravo, Apuntes para una crtica a los estudios sobre Eugenio Espejo, 1796-1976 (p. 49-76); Jaime Pea Novoa, Biografa de Eugenio Espejo (p. 77-132); Carlos Paladines, El pensamiento econmico, poltico y social de Espejo (p. 133-238); Samuel Guerra Bravo, El itinerario filosfico de Eugenio Espejo (p. 239-349). 3201. Expediente promovido por doa Manuela Senz, sobre su filiacin y calidad [1821], ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 87-92. 3202. Fajardo, Eliecer L. La rosa del Guayas: biografa de la sierva de Dios R.M. Mercedes de Jess Molina, fundadora de la ?Congregacin Nacional Mariana de Jess. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg de E.A. Uzctegui, 1926. xviii, 230 p. A hagiography. 3203. La Familia de Eugenio Espejo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 32:80 (jul./dic. 1952), 281-284. 3204. Febres Cordero, Francisco. El duro oficio: (vida del escritor Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco), 1 ed. Quito: I. Municipalidad de Quito, 1989. 317 p. 3205. Fiorio, Anselmo. Vida de Garca Moreno: hroe y mrtir de la religin y de la patria. Bilbao: El Mensajero del Corazn de Jess, 1921. 224 p. An excellent example of the quasi-hagiographic treatment accorded Garca Moreno by the Catholic right. Important not as a biography--indeed as such it may be ignored--but as part of the continuing polemic regarding the role and significance of Garca Moreno. 3206. Fisch, Olga. El Folclor que yo viv = The Folklore through My Eyes. [Cuenca]: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1985. 237 p. In Spanish and English. The memoirs of a leading exponent and practitioner of popular art in Ecuador. 3207. Flor, Manuel Elicio. Don Juan Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 139-168. 3208. Flores, Antonio. Manuela Caizares y Alvarez. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1954. 47 p. 3209. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Expedientes y otros datos inditos acerca del Dr. Jos Meja Lequerica: nuevos aspectos de su vida de sabio. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1943. 73 p. 3210. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. La primera figura cientfica de la colonia. Quito: Escuela Tip. Salesiana, 1940. 167 p. A biography of Pedro Vicente Maldonado. Maldonado accompanied La Condamine from its arrival in Guayaquil in Feb. 1736 through its descent of the Amazon in 1743. Includes an extensive documentary appendix (p. 61-167). 3211. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Rplica al Album biogrfico ecuatoriano: Destruge contra Destruge. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1904. 49 p.

A critique and rectification of item 3165. 3212. Freile Larrea, Jos. Donoso: ampliacin, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 3:5 (nov. 1983), 207-227. Supplements Gangotena y Jijns 1953 genealogical study of the Donoso family (item 3221). Based on notarial records of Riobamba. Of interest only to fellow genealogists. 3213. Gallegos Ortiz, Emilio. Francisco Jos de Caldas: (nuestra deuda con este eminente cientfico y mrtir), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 190-206. 3214. Glvez, Manuel. Vida de don Gabriel Garca Moreno, 3 ed. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Dicto. 448 p. A favorable account by an Argentinian novelist and ideologue. 3215. Gangotena Carbo, Alejandro. Los Novoas, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 209-226. 3216. Gangotena Carbo, Alejandro. Los Santistevan, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 1:1 (1930/1931), 41-49. 3217. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Ascsubi (genealoga), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 241-247. 3218. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Bustamante: estudio genealgico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 23:62 (jul./dic. 1943), 207-221. 3219. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Caamao, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 3:3 (1933), 167-179. 3220. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. La descendencia de Atahualpa, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 38:91 (ene./jun. 1958), 133-136. 3221. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Donoso: genealoga, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 33:81 (ene./jun. 1953), 5-26. 3222. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. La familia del prcer don Juan de Salinas, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:7/8 (jul./oct. 1919), 49-52. 3223. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Fernndez Salvador, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:11 (mar./abr. 1920), 294-305. 3224. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Genealoga de la Casa de Borja. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1932. 191 p. 3225. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Genealoga de la familia Arteta, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 8:21/22 (ene./jun. 1924), 236-249. At head of title: Contribucin al estudio de la sociedad colonial del antiguo Reino de Quito. 3226. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Genealoga de la familia Carrin, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 9:24/26 (jul./dic. 1924), 163-189. At head of title: Contribucin al estudio de la sociedad colonial del antiguo Reino de Quito.

3227. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Genealoga de la familia de Ycaza, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:20 (nov./dic. 1923), 349-372. 3228. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Genealoga de la familia Guarderas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 85-94. 3229. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Gmez de la Torre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:2 (nov./dic. 1920), 227-241. 3230. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Jijn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 53-78. At head of title: Contribucin al estudio de la sociedad colonial del antiguo Reino de Quito. 3231. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Lasso de la Vega, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:77 (ene./jun. 1951), 12-19. 3232. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Malo: (estudio genealgico), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 11:30/32 (jun./dic. 1930), 185-192. 3233. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Marqueses de Villarocha, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./abr. 1921), 94-102. 3234. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Matheu: Marqueses de Maenza, despus Marqueses de Casaola y Condes de Puonrostro, grandes de Espaa, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:10 (ene./feb. 1920), 137-144. 3235. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Montfar: Marqueses de Selva Alegre, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:9 (nov. 1919), 253-256. 3236. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Los Ponce, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:79 (ene./jun. 1953), 5-26. Items 3217-3236 are a series of genealogical studies by one of the countrys ablest and most conscientious specialists in the field. For a more complete listing of Gangotena y Jijns genealogical studies see item 113. 3237. Garay Arellano, Ezio. Fichero genealgico, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. xviii, 429 p. An onomastic guide to the notarial records of the port city as held by the Archivo Histrico del Guayas. Consiste en un resumen, por apellidos y nombres, de testamentos, poderes para testar, memorias testamentarias, inventarios de bienes, mortuorias, cartas y recibos de dote ... 3238. Garay Arellano, Ezio. Informaciones matrimoniales de la villa de San Antonio de Zaruma de 1858 a 1943, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 21 (jun. 1986), 242-255. 3239. Garcs, Enrique. Daquilema, Rex: biografa de un dolor indio. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 159 p. More literary than scholarly. Item 3134 is a much more acceptable work on this cacique and the indigenous uprising of 1871.

3240. Garcs, Enrique. Eugenio Espejo, mdico y duende, 3 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1973. 327 p. Originally published: Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1944. 237 p. Although clearly based on some original research, unfortunately this work lacks notes and bibliography. 3241. Garcs, Enrique. Marietta de Veintimilla. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1949. 198 p. Generally considered to be an outstanding biography. 3242. Garcs, Enrique. Rumiahui. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1953. 171 p. May safely be ignored. 3243. Garcs, Vctor Manuel. Vida ejemplar y fecunda de Juan Len Mera. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1963. 206 p. 3244. Garcs Giraldo, Diego. Sebastin de Belalczar, fundador de ciudades, 1490-1551: estudio biogrfico. Cali: Impresora Feriva, 1986. 586 p. A detailed and well documented study. 3245. Garca, Carlos T. El seor doctor don Francisco Chiriboga Bustamante: rasgos biogrficos. Quito: Grf. Cedig, 1947. 19 p. 3246. Garca de Len y Pizarro, Jos. Memorias de la vida del excmo. seor d. Jos Garca de Len y Pizarro. Madrid: Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1894-1897. 3 v. Pizarro--as he was and continues to be known in Ecuador--was president and visitador of the Audiencia of Quito between 1778 and 1784. Available in a modern reprint: Memorias (Madrid: Centro de Estudios Constitucionales, 1999; 785 p.) 3247. Garca Regueiro, Ovidio. El quiteo don Miguel de Jijn y Len: contribucin al estudio de la figura de un ilustrado criollo, Cuadernos hispanoamericanos, 400 (oct. 1983), 91-118. 3248. Gil Montero, Martha. The Marchioness and the Marshall, Amricas, 16:2 (Feb. 1994), 6-13. An appreciation of Mariana Carceln y Larrea (1805-1861) and her first husband, the shortlived Antonio Jos de Sucre. 3249. Gmezjurado, Severo. Vida de Garca Moreno. Cuenca: El Tiempo, 1954-Quito: [s.n.],1989. 14 v. Vols. 1-2 were published in Cuenca (1954-1955); vols. 3-14: Quito (1957-1989). An exceptionally detailed, exhaustively documented study of Garca Morenos life and times. Unfortunately marred by excessive adulation. In Gmezjurados eyes, the dictator could do no wrong. In this regard, it is important to note that Gmezjurado was not just a Jesuit priest but an ultraconservative.

3250. Gmezjurado, Severo. Vida del hombre que honra al hombre. Quito: [s.n.], 1986. 612 p. A convenient summary of the authors 14 vol. biography of Garca Moreno (item 3249). 3251. Gonzlez, Clodoveo. San Juan Montalvo: soldado y campen de la libertad, maestro de los maestros laicos. Quito: Edit. Atahualpa, 1960. 426 p. 3252. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. El cacique Tomal: nacionalidad y soberana, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1990. 92 p. 3253. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Memorias ntimas: apuntes sobre asuntos personales, escritos para esclarecer algunos hechos cuyo conocimiento podr convencer, acaso, a la posteridad, ao de 1844-1895. Quito: El Da, 1930. 88 p. Not supposed to have been published until 50 years after the archbishop historians death. Available in several editions. 3254. Gortayre, Alberto. Los Guerrero, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:87 (ene./jun. 1956), 46-99. 3255. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Datos biogrficos de Gaspara Argandona, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 3:6 (jul./ago. 1921), 157-159. 3256. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Noticias de mi pegujal: antecedentes personales de Dn. Martn Snchez Montero, fundador del Colegio de San Diego de Ibarra, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 96-105. 3257. Guarderas, Francisco. Mis pocas. Cali: Fernndez Morgado y Lahera, 1945. 350 p. The memoirs of a diplomat and a Liberal politician. 3258. Guarderas, Francisco. El viejo de Montecristi, 2 ed. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1965. 450 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1953. 453 p. Pro-Alfaro. Adds some new data from private papers. 3259. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. Eugenio Espejo y sus cartas desde el exilio, Cultura, 4:10 (mayo/ago. 1981), 225-239. Reprints and analyzes the letters the precursor wrote to his friend Father Luis Andramuo while Espejo was in exile (1785-1788). 3260. Guerra Cceres, Alejandro. Zoila Ugarte Landivar: pionera del periodismo femenino del Ecuador, 1 ed. [Guayaquil]: Vicerectorado Acadmico, 1990. 3261. Guevara, Daro. Alfredo Baquerizo Moreno, Amrica (Quito), 33:106 (dic. 1959), 737. 3262. Guevara, Daro. Juan Benigo Vela: titn del Liberalismo Radical ecuatoriano. Ambato: Impr. Municipal, 1949-1950. 2 v.

3263. Guevara, Daro. Juan Len Mera, o, El hombre de cimas, 2 ed. rev. y aum. con nuevas notas. Quito: D. Guevara, 1965. 296 p. 3264. Guevara, Daro. Olmedo: actor y cantor de la gran epopeya libertadora de Amrica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 490 p. A detailed, well researched (including archival), heavily documented study, replete with notes and bibliography. 3265. Guilln y Tato, Julio F. Los tenientes de navo Jorge Juan y Santacilia y Antonio de Ulloa de la Torre-Guiral y la medicin del meridiano. Madrid: [s.n.], 1936. xiv, 274 p. 3266. Guzmn, Jos Alejandro. Ttulos nobiliarios en el Ecuador. Madrid: Tip. Asilo de Hurfanos del Sagrado Corazn de Jess, 1957. 334 p. A useful reference work. 3267. Guzmn Polanco, Manuel de. Ignacio Flores, un quiteo precursor de la independencia de Amrica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1982), 238-276. Also published as: El ecuatoriano Ignacio Flores, precursor de una nueva Amrica, Cultura, 6:17 (sept./dic. 1983), 179-233. 3268. Hadatty Saltos, Juan. Manuel Rendn Seminario, 1894-1994, Cuadernos del Guayas, 57 (jun. 1994), 13-36. 3269. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Atahualpa Duchicela. Ibarra: Impr. Municipal, 1965. 130 p. 3270. El Hroe del Chimborazo, Sr. Enrique Garca Benlcazar. Quito: Edit. Vida Catlica, 1962. 119 p. 3271. Heredia, Jos Flix. Notas bio-bibliogrficas acerca del R.P. Manuel Jos Proao, S.J. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1935. 211, cxxxiv p. 3272. Hernndez de Alba, Guillermo. Viaje de Espejo, el precursor ecuatoriano, a Santa F, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 102-104. 3273. Herrera, Pablo. Apuntes biogrficos de don Jos Joaqun Olmedo. Quito: Impr. de Juan P. Sanz, 1887. 51 p. 3274. Herrera, Pablo. Apuntes biogrficos del gran magistrado ecuatoriano Sr. Dr. Dn. Gabriel Garca Moreno: recuerdo del primer centenario, 1821-1921. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1921. 104 p. Unabashedly pro-Garca Moreno. Herrera was the dictators private secretary for several years. 3275. Hitt, Russell T. Jungle Pilot: the Life and Witness of Nate Saint. New York: Harper, 1959. 303 p. 3276. Hojas coloniales de servicios militares, [edicin de] Luis Noboa Icaza, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 12:29/30 (1960), 32-46.

3277. Homenaje a la memoria del seor don Celso Fernndez de Crdova y Talbot. Cuenca: Tip. Alianza, 1939. [56] p. 3278. Homenaje al general Julio Andrade: recopilacin de varios escritos en homenaje al General Andrade. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. 142 p. 3279. Homenaje postumo al doctor Julio Tobar Donoso, 10 de marzo de 1981-10 de marzo de 1982. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1982. 280 p. 3280. Huerta, Pedro Jos. El preceptor Wenceslao Echanique, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 1-16; 2:4/5 (ago. 1952), 27-64. A well researched study of a nineteenth-century educator of the port city. Echanique (18191883) had a long and distinguished career, but ended his days in an insane asylum. 3281. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Osvaldo Hurtado, autoretrato de un embustero, [compilador] Dalton Bacigalupo, 1 ed. Quito: Impr. Andradecar, [1988?]. 46 p. An interview. 3282. Idrobo Urigen, Tarquino Anbal. Vicente Rocafuerte: el Sarmiento del trpico. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 158 p. Reprinted: Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1984. 151 p. 3283. Ireland, J.E. De Courcy. Thomas Charles Wright: Soldier of Bolvar, Founder of the Ecuadorian Navy, Irish Sword, 6:25 (Winter 1964), 271-275. 3284. Izaguirre, Bernardino. Biografa del Ilmo. y Rdmo. padre Fr. Jos Mara Masa: obispo de Loja (Ecuador) (1815-1902). Barcelona: Librera y Tip. Catlica, 1904. 555 p. 3285. Jcome, Gustavo Alfredo. Luis Felipe Borja. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947. 389 p. Oddly enough, there appear to be only two detailed biographies of Luis Felipe Borja (padre), a major jurist and politician. Exceptionally well researched. The other is item 3588. 3286. Jann Alvvar, Eugenio de. El viejo luchador: su vida heroica y su magna obra. Quito: Edit. Abecedario Ilustrado; Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1948. 2 v. (1023 p.). A detailed biography of Eloy Alfaro. Includes many primary sources. 3287. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Atahualpa, creador de la nacionalidad quitea. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1936. 70 p. 3288. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Montalvo poltico, Anales de la Universidad Central, 48:280 (abr./jun. 1932), 589-612. 3289. Jaramillo Palacio, Jos Mara. La fantstica realidad: relatos de la vida real. Quito: Edit. Arboleda, 1989. 341 p. 3290. Jerves, Alfonso A. Un apstol del Amazonas, o, El muy reverendo padre predicador general fray Reginaldo Mara Van Schoote de la O. de Predicadores, 1858-1936. Quito: Impr. Santo Domingo, 1936. 33 p.

3291. Jerves, Alfonso A. D. Gil Ramrez Dvalos, fundador de Cuenca, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 3 (jun. 1921), 221-256; 4 (sept. 1921), 289333; 5 (nov. 1921), 37-75; 6 (mayo 1922), 167-195; 7 (abr. 1923), 197-233; 8 (jul. 1923), 293369. 3292. Jerves, Alfonso A. El doctor Piedrahita (1834-1877), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 134-154. 3293. Jerves, Alfonso A. Don Lorenzo de Cepeda, Corona de Mara, 40:462 (jul. 1939), 141-145; 40:463 (ago. 1939), 205-206; 40:464 (sept. 1939), 238-239; 40:465 (oct. 1939), 264269; 40:466 (nov. 1939), 317-320; 40:467 (dic. 1939), 350-354; 41:469 (feb. 1940), 68-71; 41:470 (mar. 1940), 112-114. Cepeda (1519-1580) was a royal treasurer in Quito. 3294. Jerves, Alfonso A. Fundadores de Quito y sus escudos de armas: (apuntes herldicohistricos), Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 173-191. 3295. Jerves, Alfonso A. Historia ecuatoriana: noticias biogrficas inditas, Corona de Mara, 9:97 (ene. 1908), 26-30; 9:98 (feb. 1908), 68-73; 9:109 (dic. 1908), 690-693. Consists of biographical sketches of colonial-period Jesuits of Cuenca. 3296. Jerves, Alfonso A. El reverendsimo Sr. Dr. Dn. Alejandro Matus, apstol de la Accin Social Catlica: rasgos biogrfico-histricos. Quito: Impr. de Santo Domingo, 1941. 33 p. 3297. Jerves, Alfonso A. La venerable Madre Herrera (1717-1795), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 189-193. A biographical sketch of the mystic Sor Catalina de Jess Mara Herrera, author of the quasiautobiographical Secretos entre el alma y Dios--published as Autobiografa de la Vble. Madre Sor Catalina de Jess Ma. Herrera : religiosa de Coro del Monasterio de Santa Catalina de Quito (Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1950; 234 p.)--an important source on mentalits as well as on religious in eighteenth-century Quito, especially as Sor Catalina de Jess did not hesitate to delineate the laxity of clerics. That she was born in 1717 appears to be well established, but I have seen three different years for her death (1792, 1795, and 1796). 3298. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Sebastin de Benalczar. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 19361949 (i.e., 1950). 3 v. Vol. 2 (1938): Edit. Ecuatoriana; vol. 3 (1949 [i.e., 1950]): Prensa Catlica. Perhaps the most complete study of the founder of Quito that will ever be undertaken. Includes substantial documentary appendices. An indispensable source on the Spanish conquest and the subsequent civil wars. Vols. 1-2 available in reprint: Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1983. 2 v. (1,134 p.). (Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano; 7-8) 3299. Jimnez, Nicols. Biografa del ilustrsimo Federico Gonzlez Surez. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1936. xx, 290, lxxix p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 11) Includes the archbishop historians Memorias ntimas (item 3253).

3300 Jornadas Internacionales de Genealoga y de Historia Social (4: 1988: Guayaquil, Ecuador). Guayaquil genealgico, IV Jornadas Internacionales, II Congreso Nacional de Genealoga e Historia Social, Guayaquil, julio 22-25 de 1988. Quito: Corporacin Ecuatoriana de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1990. 209 p. 3301. Josfa, Marie Thrse. Garca Moreno, president de la Rpublique de lEquateur, 17. ed. Paris: Tolra, 1898. 300 p. 3302. Jouanen, Jos. Vida de la bienaventurada Mariana de Jess: llamada la Azucena de Quito, 2 ed. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1932. 347 p. 3303. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Alfaro en el Ecuador y Espaa: 1510-1982, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:1 (mar. 1983), 43-113. 3304. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Ancestro y parentela de Federico Gonzlez Surez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 5-32. 3305. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Un aporte para los estudios sociales sobre Cotopaxi: dispensas matrimoniales referentes a la actual Provincia de Cotopaxi y tomadas del Archivo de la Curia en Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 7 (1983), 61-82. Delimited to the nineteenth century. 3306. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Lo arabe y lo judo en el tradicionalismo ecuatoriano, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 21 (1982), 129-188. A genealogical study of one Arab and sixteen Jews who settled in Quito during the colonial period. 3307. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. La casa de Torres Altamirano en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 30-51. 3308. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. El conquistador Juan Rodrguez Armenro y Ahumada y su descendencia en el Ecuador y sur de Colombia. Quito: Amigos de la Genealoga, 1984. 2 v. 3309. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Las coyas y pallas del Tahuantinsuyu. Quito: Xerox del Ecuador, 1982. p. 257-682. Published together with Alfredo Costales Samaniego and Piedad Peaherrera de Costales, Los seores naturales de la tierra (item 561). 3310. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Cornejo en la historia del Ecuador, 1630-1984. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1984. 232 p. 3311. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Datos sobre 55 vecinos y colonos del Oriente ecuatoriano, Boletn histrico (Quito), 11:31/32 (1987), 62-67. 3312. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los descendientes de Benalczar en la formacin social ecuatoriana: siglos XVI al XX. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1985-1990. 8 v. An exhaustive genealogical study of the descendants of Sebastan de Benalczar, the founder of Quito. A veritable who was who and who is who in Ecuador.

3313. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Don Isaas Toro Ruiz: 1894-1982, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:1 (mar. 1983), 2-11. 3314. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Estudios inditos sobre Espejo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/136 (ene./dic. 1980), 67-96. 3315. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Larrea: burocracia, tenencia de la tierra, poder poltico, crisis, retorno al poder y papel en la cultura ecuatoriana. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1986. 239 p. (S.A.G.; vol. 22) 3316. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Loja, los Palacio y Pablo Palacio, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 21 (jun. 1986), 91-134. 3317. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. La migracin internacional a Quito entre 1534 y 1934. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1989-. <3> v. Notes on foreign born who settled or temporarily resided in Quito from its foundation as a Spanish city through its fourth centennial. Partial contents: t. 1, A-Cl; t.2, Co-Gaz; t. 3, G-L. 3318. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Noboa de la sierra: estudio histrico-genealgico, sociolgico y sicodinmico. Quito: Academia Nacional de Historia, 1985. 323 p. (Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga; no. 18) 3319. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Las noches de los libertadores. Quito: Ediciones IADAP, 1991. 2 v. On the mistresses and other lovers of Simn Bolvar, and the paramours and offspring of Jos de San Martn, Antonio Jos de Sucre, and Jos Ramn de Sucre. 3320. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Notas genealgicas sobre familias de Esmeraldas y su provincia, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 27 (abr. 1987), 209-240. 3321. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Nueva revisin sobre el poblamiento genealgico de la Provincia de Esmeraldas, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 102-111. 3322. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Nuevo enfoque sobre origen regional, estatus, grado cultural y estado econmico migrante de los conquistadores y colonizadores de Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 10 (1990), 115-132. An interim report on the authors research into the origins of the conquistadores and colonizers of Quito. The results of his research are suspicious, however. According to his alleged random sample, 70 percent of Spaniards who settled in the future Ecuador were nobles, hidalgos o hidalguelos y apenas el 25% eran del estado llano y de la base popular. 3323. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Origen y evolucin de los Garcs en el Ecuador, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 4 (mar. 1984), 33-163. 3324. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Orgenes de Luis A. Martnez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 253-280.

3325. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Un pariente desconocido de Santa Teresa en Amrica: el conquistador Juan Rodrguez de Armero y Ahumada y su proyeccin genealgica en el Ecuador y en el sur de Colombia, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:2 (sept. 1983), 115-234. 3326. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Personalidad y estirpe del cura patriota Miguel Antonio Rodrguez, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 2 (1976), 83-92. Delineates the life and ancestry of one of the men of August, Father Miguel Antonio Rodrguez Maosca, b. 1769, who appears to have been a discipline of Eugenio Espejo. 3327. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Porras: su trayectoria y asentamientos en Ambato, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 4 (mar. 1984), 1-32. 3328. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. El proceso de blanqueamiento en el Ecuador: de los Puento a los Egas. Quito: Offsett Impresores, 1992. 237 p. (Coleccin Medio milenio; vol. 3) Published together with: Miguel Puga Arroyos Los Puentos en Cayambe y Tabacundo: siglos XVI al XVIII (item 6250). 3329. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Rivadeneira antes y despus de Coln. Quito: Servimpress, 1987. 3 v. (Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga; 25-26, 29) 3330. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Sancho Hacho: orgenes de la formacin mestiza ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: CEDECO; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1990. 414 p. 3331. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los Vasconez en el Ecuador, 1635-1986. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1986. 265 p. (S.A.G.; vol. 19) Items 3315, 3318, 3329, and 3331 are genealogical studies of four of the leading families of Ecuador. They include biographical data on the more outstanding members of the Larrea, Noboa, Rivadeneira, and Vasconez families as well as genealogical data on lesser known members thereof. 3332. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Vigencia de doa Mara Delgado Jaramillo: (estudio en once lneas genealgicas), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 205-247; 57:122 (jul./dic. 1973), 83-102; 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 24-44; 57:124 (jul./dic. 1974), 317-334. 3333. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Vinculaciones del General Jos Mara Crdova con el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 60-68. N.B. Although Jurado Noboa has done an incredible amount of research over the years and banged out an equally incredible number of books and articles, he tends to be deficient as a scholar. By that I mean he does not give himself time to digest the sources and properly prepare his studies. Furthermore, he usually serves his offerings half baked, inadequately proofed, and poorly formatted. 3334. Jurado Rumbea, Manuel Antonio. El general Cornelio E. Vernaza y Carbo, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 227-230. 3335. Keyes, Frances Parkinson. The Rose and the Lilly: The Story of Two South American Saints. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1961. 221 p.

A modern hagiography of Santa Rosa de Lima and Santa Mariana de Jess of Quito. 3336. Kingsland, Rosemary. A Saint Among Slaves. London: Collins, 1980. 183 p. An appreciation of Rachel Saint (d. 1994), the self-appointed savior of the Huaorani. 3337. Lamontagne, Roland. La vie et louvre de Pierre Bouguer. Montreal: Presses de lUniversit de Montreal; Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1964. viii, 97 p. Bouguer (1698-1758) was a member of the Mission godsique of 1736. 3338. Lara, Daro. Eugenio Espejo: la influencia francesa en el escritor y el precursor, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 73:155/156 (ene./dic. 1990), 11-49. 3339. Lara, Daro. Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy: viajero y testigo de la historia ecuatoriana. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 317 p. Lafond, a commercial agent, spent most of the 1820s in Ecuador, largely in Guayaquil, but he also visited Quito in 1826, and was well acquainted with the liberators and other period players in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. See also item 7342. 3340. Lara, Daro. Gonzalo Zaldumbide, ministro plenipotenciario del Ecuador en Pars, 1923-1929, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 120-136. 3341. Lara, Daro. Juan Montalvo en Paris. Quito: Subsecretara de Cultura; Ambato: Municipio de Ambato, 1983-. <1> v. (270 p.) Cover title: Montalvo en Paris. Will probably turn out to be another of Laras only vol. works. 3342. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Acta de defuncin del historiador padre Juan de Velasco y el lugar de su enterramiento, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:71 (ene./jun. 1951), 5-11. 3343. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Antonio Flores Jijn: su vida y sus obras. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1974. 281 p. A detailed, generally reliable work. 3344. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El arzobispo mrtir Ilmo. y Rvdmo. Sr. Dr. don Jos Ignacio Checa y Barba. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1973. 165 p. Primarily a study of the assassination of Archbishop Checa, a supporter of Garca Moreno. Largely based on the Juicio criminal seguido contra autores y cmplices del envenenamiento del Viernes Santo de 1877. Factually sound but hardly objective inasmuch as Larrea was unabashedly pro-Checa, Church, and Garca Moreno. 3345. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Rasgos biogrficos de don Lorenzo de Cepeda, hermano de Santa Teresa de Jess que vivi largos aos en Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 5-15. 3346. Larrea, Gregorio Csar de. Genealogas quiteas: la casa de Ontan y sus enlazados en la Presidencia de Quito. Quito: Grf. Vanesa Raquel, 1994. 224 p.

3347. Laso, Elas. Biografa del general Juan Jos Flores, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 8:21/23 (ene./jun. 1924), 95-145. 3348. Laso, Elas. Biografa del general Juan Jos Flores, Revista del Archivo de la Biblioteca Nacional, 1:1 (1937), 169-183. Supposedly faithful to the original whereas the version published in the Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (see item 3347) was apparently altered by the editor of the Boletn. Be that as it may, item 3348 is a partial reprint of the first edition, originally published in Los Andes in 1864. 3349. Latorre, Octavio. Manuel J. Cobos, emperador de Galpagos. Quito: Fundacin Charles Darwin para las Islas Galpagos, 1991. xii, 136 p. 3350. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Un ejemplo de adaptacin a Amrica: el malagueo don Miguel de Olmedo en Guayaquil, Primeras Jornadas de Andaluca y Amrica (Huelva: Instituto de Estudios Onubenses, 1981), p. 97-113. A well documented study of a virtually forgotten figure in the history of the port city and its district, Miguel Agustn de Olmedo y Troyano, an important figure in his own right, not just the father of Jos Joaqun. 3351. Le Gouhir y Rodas, Jos. Glorias ecuatorianas. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1935. 228 p. A set of essays on major figures of the 1800s and early 1900s. 3352. Le Gouhir Rodas, Jos Mara. Un gran americano: Garca Moreno en su centenario, 2 ed. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1923. 470 p. Originally published as: Un gran americano. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin de la Prensa Catlica, 1921. 392 p. Pro-Garca Moreno. 3353. Len, Luis A. Atabalipa (Atahualpa) rey de los Otavalos: investigacin patronmica del monarca quiteo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1982), 65-76. 3354. Len, Luis A. El doctor Jos Mascote. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1952. 47 p. 3355. Len, Luis A. Semblanza del seor Jorge A. Garcs Garcs, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 121-135. 3356. Lenidas Proao, 25 aos obispo de Riobamba. Riobamba: Instituto Diocesano de Pastoral de Riobamba; Lima: Centro de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1979. 293 p. 3357. Lenidas Proao, Freud der Indianer: ein Portrt des Bischofs der Dizese Riobamba in Ecuador, herausgegeben von Enrique Rosner; mit Beitragen von Agustn Bravo Muoz [et al.]. Freiburg: Exodus, 1986. 208 p. 3358. Leoro, Jos M. Un coterrneo ilustre: don Pedro Moncayo y Esparza. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934. 177 p.

Reprinted as: Don Pedro Moncayo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 170 p. And as: La vida de don Pedro Moncayo. Quito: Presidencia de la Repblica, Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas; Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 166 p. 3359. Loor, Wilfrido. Biografa del Rmo. Padre Julio Mara Matovelle. Quito: Litogr. e Impr. Romero, 1943. xxxviii, 506 p. A detailed, well researched but far from unbiased account of the founder of the Oblates in Quito. Matovelle also played a major role in Church and state politics and disputes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. That both biographee and biographer were anti-Liberal goes without saying. 3360. Loor, Wilfrido. Eloy Alfaro. Quito: Impr. Editora Moderna, 1947. 3 v. (1064 p.) 3361. Loor, Wilfrido. Eloy Alfaro, 2 ed. corr. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1982. xvi, 810 p. Items 3360 and 3361 are relatively objective notwithstanding the authors ideological and political conservatism. More importantly they are exceptionally detailed, well researched and heavily documented. Also they are important sources of information on the politics and related events of the second half of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth. 3362. Loor, Wilfrido. Garca Moreno y sus asesinos, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1966. 327 p. On Manuel Polanco, Abelardo Moncayo, Roberto Andrade, Manuel Cornejo Astorja, Gregorio Campuzano, Francisco Snchez, Fautino Rayo Lemos, and Juan Montalvo. 3363. Loor, Wilfrido. Jos Mara Yerovi. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1964 [i.e., 1965]-1968. 2 v. More of a hagiography than biography of Yerovi (1819-1867), an auxiliary bishop of Quito who is credited with reform of the clergy in the 1860s and whose beatification the Ecuadorian hierarchy has been promoting. 3364. Loor, Wilfrido. Monseor Arsenio Andrade Landzuri. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1970. 326 p. Arsenio Andrade (1825-1905), bishop of Riobamba (1885-1905), like Archbishop Checa may also have been assassinated through poisoning. Whether he was or not, Loor implies that he was and that Masons were responsible. More importantly yet another work by Loor that is rich in generally reliable, well documented data as well as biases. 3365. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. Sebastin de Benalczar. Madrid: Historia 16, 1987. 156 p. A popular biography.

3366. Luis Vargas Torres: homenaje, compilador, Leonardo Espinoza, 1 ed. Cuenca: Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales; Quito: Asociacin de Historiadores del Ecuador, 1987. xviii, 230 p. 3367. Luna, Miguel M. La casa solariega de los Larretegui, 1878-1895. Guayaquil: Librera de E.A. Uzctegui, 1943. 80 p. 3368. Luna Yepez, Jorge. Garca Moreno: fue conservador?, fue liberal?, fue revolucionario?, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 151161. An exercise in ekstasis and hyperbole that contributes absolutely nothing to understanding of Garca Moreno, but that does serve to exemplify the extent to which his memory continues to inflame ideological and political as well as historiographic passions. 3369. Luzuriaga Celi, Antonio. Vida y virtudes del siervo de Dios Ilmo. Sr. Dr. Dn. Fr. Jos Mara Yerovi: obispo de Cidonia y arzobispo electo de Quito. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1933. 125 p. 3370. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. Un valioso educator: Jos Vicente Andrade y Arzaga, 19111952: silueta biogrfica y enfoque de su obra. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1956. 27 p. 3371. Madera, Luis F. Federico Gonzlez Surez, 1 ed. Quito: Artes Grficas Seal, 1982. 111 p. 3372. Madera, Luis F. Modesto Lpez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 105-114. A tribute to the leading road engineer of the nineteenth century. Lpez career spanned the years 1862-1899. 3373. Madera, Luis F. El pintor Rafael Troya, Museo Histrico, 17:51 (abr./jun. 1971), 233-256. 3374. Malo, Benigno. Escritos y discursos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1940. 518 p. 3375. Manrique Arvalo, Pedro. El prcer de la Gran Colombia, coronel Manuel de Echeanda: con algunas noticias sobre la vida de su ilustre padre don Fernando de Echeanda y Silva. Caracas: Americana, 1922. xv, 98 p. 3376. Manuel Medina Castro: 70 aos, homenaje. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 102 p. 3377. Mariscal de Guevara, Mara Luisa. Jos Joaqun de Olmedo: poeta y luchador. Guayaquil: Edit. del Pacfico, 1981. 138 p. 3378. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Fr. Vicente Solano. Cuenca: Tip. de la Universidad, 1928. 72 p. 3379. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Biografa del General Isidro Barriga: esposo de la Marquesa de Solanda viuda del mariscal de Ayacucho Antonio Jos de Sucre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 77-86; 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 289-304.

A Reufutacin [sic] histrica al libro El Mariscal de Ayacucho y su esposa la Marquesa de Solanda: escrito por el venezolano Angel Grisante, lleno de prfidos relatos contra el General Barriga y su esposa la Marquesa de Solanda. 3381. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Lauros y bronces: el general Ignacio Torres a travs de la historia. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 311 p. 3382. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Natalicio de Bolvar y biografa del General Antonio Farfn. Cuenca: Tip. Universidad, 1936. 41 p. Originally published as Biografa del general Antonio Farfn, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 25 (mayo 1936), 25-65. 3383. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. La safo ecuatoriana, Dolores Veintimilla Carrin de Galindo: estudio histrico-literario. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 268 p. 3384. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Trgica odisea de los restos del mariscal Antonio Jos de Sucre, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 186-211. 3385. Marroqun, Jos Manuel. Biografa de don Francisco Antonio Moreno y Escandn, Boletn de historia y antigedades (Bogot), 23:264/265 (sept./oct. 1936), 529-546. 3386. Martnez, Augusto N. El padre Luis Dressel: profesor de qumica y geologa en la Escuela Politcnica de Quito, Revista ecuatoriana, 5:57 (sept. 1893), 354-365; 5:58 (oct. 1893), 389-396; 5:59 (nov. 1893), 430-435. 3387. Martnez, Augusto N. El profesor Hans Meyer en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central, 21:145 (nov. 1905), 80-87; 21:146 (dic. 1905), 113-121. 3388. Martnez, Augusto N. Sesenta aos de recuerdos: el Dr. Teodoro Wolf, Anales de la Universidad Central, 52:287 (ene./mar 1934), 179-202. 3389. Martnez, Eduardo Nalo. Julio Andrade, o, El bayardo, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1986. 2 v. 3390. Martnez de la Vega, Eduardo. D. Pedro Franco Dvila, un sabio naturalista guayaquileo, Revista de historia de Amrica, 102 (jul./dic. 1986), 125-141. A convenient summary of what is known about the life and work of the founder and first director of the Real Museo de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid. 3391. Martnez Delgado, Luis. Apuntes histrico-biogrficos. Bogot: Edit. ABC, 1940. 410 p Includes chapters on Sucre, Flores, Obando, Garca Moreno, and Gonzlez Surez. 3392. Martnez Ribadeneira, Francisco. El humanista ecuatoriano, Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, 1974. 437 p. 3393. Martnez Torres, Ral; and Hector Martnez Torres. Cincuenta aos despus: Martnez Mera: las verdades que no quiso decir. Guayaquil: EQ Edit., 1983. 2 v. A biography of Juan de Dios Martnez Mera (1875-1955).

3394. Masur, Gerhard. Simon Bolivar, rev. ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1969. xiv, 572 p. A standard, now classic biography of the Liberator. Factually sound, scholarly, sympathetic yet objective. The first English edition (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1948) was also published in Spanish as: Simn Bolvar (Mxico: Edit. Grijalbo, 1960). 3396. Mata, G. Humberto. Manuel J. Calle: ngel enmascarado de demonio, introduccin de Antonio Lloret Bastidas. Cuenca: Consejo Provincial del Azuay, Departamento de Cultura, 1980. 263 p. 3397. Mata, G. Humberto. Manuelita Senz, la mujer providencia de Bolvar: homenaje a Cuenca, Guayaquil y Quito en el sesquicentenario de la Batalla de el Pichincha. Cuenca: Editorial-Biblioteca Cenit, 1972. 179 p. 3398. Mata, G. Humberto. Refutacin a Las cuatro estaciones de Manuela: los amores de Manuela Senz y Simn Bolvar. Cuenca: Impr. de D. Toral L., 1959. 155 p. See item 3694. 3399. Mata, G. Humberto. Remigio Crespo Toral. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 445 p. 3400. Mata, G. Humberto. Vida y hazaas del muy ilustre seor don Luis Villaviencio, Atacocos, 6a ed. Cuenca: Offset Hermano Miguel, 1982. 38 p. 3401. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Necrologa del profesor Gustavo Lemos R., Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 3-8. 3402. Matovelle, Julio Mara. Obras completas. Cuenca: Congregacin de Padres Oblatos, 1979-1980. 4 v. in 5. Contents: t. 1, Memorias (2 v.); t. 2, Poesa y periodismo; t. 3, Oratoria; t. 4, Ciencias polticas. 3403. Maxwell-Scott, Mary Monica. Gabriel Garca Moreno: Regenerator of Ecuador. London: R. & T. Washbourne, 1914. 169 p. 3404. Mecum, Kent B. Vicente Rocafuerte: el prcer andante, 2 ed. rev. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 286 p. Rev. ed. of: El idealismo prctico de Vicente Rocafuerte (Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1975). One of the better biographies of Rocafuerte. 3405. Meja, Jos. Epistolario, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:87 (ene./jun. 1956), 117-119. 3406. Mera, Juan Len. Garca Moreno: libro indito de Juan Len Mera. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1904. iv, 242 p. An unfinished, posthumously published work. Advances as far as Garca Morenos early adulthood. Mera maintained that the excesses of Garca Moreno should be forgiven, given the circumstances of the time and the needs of the country.

3407. Michael, Ib. Reisen til det gronne firben: en dokumentarisk beretning, 3. udg. Kobenhav: Gvdendal, 1984. 205 p. The life of the revolutionary Ernesto Tseremp Juanka. 3408. Mio, Reinaldo. Rumiahui, defensor de Quito. Quito: Confederacin de Trabajadores del Ecuador, 1990. 248 p. Important as a statement of how the Left views this hero and the Spanish conquest. More fictional than factional, however. Reprinted: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1994. 214 p. 3409. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. Pablo Muoz Vega: un humanismo eclesial para el hombre de hoy, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1993. 240 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 12) 3410. Mogolln Cobo, Mara; and Ximena Narvez Yar. Manuela Senz: presencia y polmica en la historia, 1a ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1997. 171 p. (Biblioteca de historia ecuatoriana; v. 15) 3411. Molina Garca, Gonzalo. El capitn Francisco Pacheco en la conquista de Amrica: fundador de la ciudad de Portoviejo (Ecuador). Madrid: Fundacin Universitaria Espaola, 1986. 267 p. Also an important work on the early history of the central and southern coast. 3412. Moncayo, Abelardo. Estudios biogrficos: vida del Dr. Mariano Acosta. Ibarra: Colegio Nacional, 1894. 76 p. 3413. Moncayo Andrade, Abelardo. Principios polticos y administrativos del general Julio Andrade. Quito: [s.n.], 1925. vii, 47 p. 3414. Moncayo Andrade, Abelardo. Ral Andrade: crnica de un cronista. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1991. 129 p. 3415. Moncayo de Monge, Germania. Mariana de Jess, seora de Indias. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1950. 310 p. 3416. Monge, Celiano. Abogado y prcer: (el Sr. Dn. Francisco Javier Salazar), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 12:33/35 (ene./jun. 1931), 73-76. 3417. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. El R. P. Ontaneda y el fundador de la Recoleccin del Tejar. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1909. viii, 136 p. 3418. Monroy Garaicoa, Gustavo. Guayaquileos notables del coloniaje: el capitn Juan de Robles y Alfonso, estudio genealgico de la familia Robles, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 3:3 (1933), 128-147. 3419. Monroy Garaicoa, Gustavo. Guayaquileos notables del coloniaje: el doctor Jos Ignacio Moreno y Silva de Santistevan, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 45-48.

3420. Monroy y Borja, Bolvar. Los orgenes de los Cordovez, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 139-150. 3421. Monsalve, Jos D. Antonio de Villavicencio: el protomartir y la revolucin de la independencia. Bogot: Impr. Nacional, 1920. 2 v. A well researched study of the neograndino who played a major role in the second Junta de Quito. Extensively documented. 3422. Montalvo, Antonio. Francisco Javier Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 143 p. 3423. Montalvo, Juan. Cartas de Montalvo a su sobrino. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 360 p. 3424. Montalvo, Juan. Montalvo en su epistolario: 362 cartas ntimas y cartas sobre asuntos polticos y literarios entre Juan Montalvo y grandes personalidades del Ecuador, Amrica, Espaa y Europa, recopilacin, introduccin, notas y comentarios por Roberto D. Agramonte, 1 ed. Ro Piedras, P.R.: Edit. de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1982. xv, 456 p. 3425. Montenegro Murgueytio, M. Perfil de un hombre: el Sr. Tnte. Jos M. Snchez Carrin, comandante en jefe de las guerrillas liberales del ocho de febrero de 1947. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1948. 48 p. 3426. Montero Carrin, Jos Antonio. Maestros de ayer y de hoy: valores de la medicina ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1962-1968. 3 v. T. 2-3: Tall. Grf. del Colegio Militar. Consists of biographies of nineteenth- and twentiethcentury physicians. 3427. Mora, Alba Luz. Presencia de la mujer lojana. Quito: Asociacin Lojana 18 de Noviembre de Quito, 1983. 89 p. 3428. Mora Ortega, Jorge. Relatos y siluetas. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1980. 179 p. Includes biographies of Po Jaramillo Alvarado, Isidro Ayora, Pablo Palacio, Angel Felcismo Roja, Maximiliano Rodrguez, and other lojanos. 3429. Morn de Butrn, Jacinto. Vida de Santa Mariana de Jess, edicin crtica por Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1955. 600 p. An extensively annotated edition of the principal hagiography of the Lilly of Quito. The author was a guayaquileo and a Jesuit (1668-1749). Originally published in abridgement as: La Azucena de Quito, que brot en el florido campo de la Iglesia en las Indias Occidentales, la venerable virgen Mariana de Jess, Flores y Paredes ... Lima: Por Jos de Contreras, impressor real, 1702. The complete version, however, had to wait until 1724: La Azucena de Quito, que brot en el florido campo de la Iglesia en las Indias Occidentales de los Reynos del Per y cultiv con los esmeros de su enseanza la Compaia de Jesus, la V. virgen Mariana de Jesus Paredes y Flores (Madrid: G. del Barrio). Reprinted:

Madrid, 1853, 1856, and 1896. Also: Mexico: Imprenta Real de el Superior Govierno de los Herederos de la Viuda de Miguel de Rivera, 1732. 3430. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Resumen alfabtico del Primer libro de matrimonios de espaoles en la Parroquia de El Sagrario de Quito, 1723-1764 Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 7:14 (dic. 1978), 81-182. By Primer libro Moreno Egas meant the first extant register. See also Moreno Egass Resumen alfabtico del segundo libro de matrimonios de espaoles de la Parroquia de El Sagrario de Quito, 1764-1805, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 1:3 (nov. 1981), 195-281. 3431. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Resumen alfabtico del tercer libro de matrimonios de espaoles de la Parroquia de El Sagrario de Quito, 1804-1836, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 3:5 (nov. 1983), 265-305. See also Moreno Egass Otros datos matrimoniales registrados en la Catedral de Quito, 18201829, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 11:9 (jul. 1991), 135-146. 3432. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Vecinos de la Catedral de Quito bautizados entre 1801 y 1831. Quito: Offset Ecuador, 1984. 188 p. Abstracts and analyzes baptisms of 1,153 white infants in the Sagrario between 1801 and 1831. 3433. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Vecinos de la Catedral de Quito fallecidos entre 1704 y 1800, 1 ed. Quito: Offset Ecuador, 1989. 388 p. 3434. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Vecinos de la Catedral de Quito fallecidos entre 1801 y 1831. Quito: Offset Ecuador, 1988. 215 p. Items 3430-3434 are important historical demographic as well as genealogical sources. 3435. Moreno Mora, Luis. Breve resea de la vida del Rmo. Sr. Dr. D. Julio Mara Matovelle. Cuenca: Tip. Salesiana, 1939. 106 p. 3436. Moreno Mora, Vicente. El camino de un asceta: (pequea biografa del Rmo. P. Dr. Jos Julio Mara Matovelle, fundador de los oblatos). Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1951. 121 p. 3437. Moreno Mora, Vicente. Jos Mara Aguirre. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1939. 40 p. 3438. Moreno Proao, Agustn. Cronologa de la vida de Fray Jodoco Rique, fundador del Convento de San Francisco de Quito (1.499-1.575), Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 2 (1976), 25-52. 3439. Moreno Proao, Agustn. Relacin de los mritos del presbtero don Juan Pablo Santa Cruz y Espejo: 1805 y 1825, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 7 (1983), 139. Publishes with an introductory study the 1805 and 1825 relaciones de mritos of Juan Pablo Espejo.

3440. Moreno Umaa, Jaime. Mercedes de Jess: anlisis de una rosa escarlata. Guayaquil: Instituto Santa Mariana de Jess, 1983. 167 p. 3441. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Don Leandro Sepla y Oro, un cacique andino de finales de la colonia: estudio biogrfico, Memoria del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 223-244. 3442. Moscoso Dvila, Isabel. Abanico de recuerdos. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1970. 182 p. Consists of biographies of prominent Ecuadorian women. 3443. Moscoso Dvila, Isabel. Elega y glorificacin de la maestra. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1961. 64 p. 3444. Moscoso Dvila, Isabel. Rosas y floracin de una estirpe gloriosa. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1985-1986. 2 v. (772 p.) 3445. Muoz, Jos E. Los Condes de Chinchn en la historia de la ciencia y en la poltica colonial espaola. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1954. 28 p. 3446. Muoz Borrero, Eduardo. Un acadmico en los altares: el beato Hermano Miguel de las Escuelas Cristianas, 1854-1910. Quito: [s.n.], 1984. 162 p. 3447. Muoz Borrero, Eduardo. Con los pies torcidos por el camino recto: vida del Hermano Miguel del Instituto Lasallano, 2 ed. Madrid: Villena Artes Grficas, 1978. 315 p. 3448. Muoz Borrero, Eduardo. En el Palacio de Carondelet: del Presidente Flores al Presidente Hurtado, 1830-1981, 1 ed. Quito: Artes Grficas Seal, 1981. 694 p. A basic reference work. As of July 1997 the most recent edition appears to have been: En el Palacio de Carondelet: del Presidente Flores al Presidente Borja, 1830-1988, 3 ed. Quito: Artes Grficas Seal, 1988. 720 p. 3449. Muoz Cueva, Manuel M. Una vida morlaca: Nicanor Aguilar. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1951. 207 p. 3450. Muoz Garca, Hugo. Pequeas grandes biografas, 1 ed. en espaol. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 220 p. A set of anecdotal accounts of and interviews with Alfredo Prez Guerrero, Vctor Mideros, Oscar Efrn Reyes, Carlota Jaramillo, Marieta Viteri, Juan Isaac Lovato, Ernesto Albn, Angel Isaac Chiriboga, Piedad Larrea Borja, and Camilo Gallegos. Orginally published in Ultimas noticias (Quito). 3451. Muoz Vicua, Elas. Biografa de Olmedo: ensayo. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 144 p. 3452. Muoz Vicua, Elas. Los generales no corren. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. 149 p. A biography of Eloy Alfaro. 3453. Muoz Vicua, Elas. La personalidad histrica de Vicente Rocaferte, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 66:141/142 (ene./dic. 1983), 109-124.

3454. Muoz Vicua, Elas. Primero entre iguales. Guayaquil: Litogr. e Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 196 p. A biography of Carlos Concha Torres. 3455. Murillo Ordez, Emilio. El gegrafo Manuel Villavicencio y Montfar, Revista del Ncleo del Azuay y de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 8:9 (1959), 14-30. 3456. Naranjo, Plutarco. Montalvo, semblanza y enseanzas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 364 p. 3457. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La descendencia de Atahualpa, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 11:30/32 (jun./dic. 1930), 89-96; 20:56 (jul./dic. 1940), 216-222. 3458. Navas, Juan de Dios. Despus de un siglo: el Ilmo. Rafael Lasso de la Vega, obispo de Mrida y de Quito, 1764-1831. Quito: Escuela Tip. Salesiana, 1931. 37 p. 3459. Nicholas, Alison. Consorts and Castles: the Story of Three Women and Their Homes, 1 ed. New York: Vantage Press, 1970. 265 p.
st

A popular account of the lives and mansions of the consorts of Maximilian (the Emperior of Mexico), Napoleon I, and Bolvars celebrated mistress Manuela Senz. 3460. Noboa Icaza, Luis. Estudios sobre Olmedo, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1973. 124 p. 3461. Noboa Icaza, Luis. Genealoga de la casa de Noboa de Guayaquil, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 3:5 (nov. 1983), 15-95. Exceptionally useful. Includes dates, some biographical data, and portraits of various members of the Noboa family. 3462. Noboa Icaza, Luis. Hojas coloniales de servicios militares, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 12:29/30 (1960), 32-46. Abstracts service records of officers who served in Guayaquil during the colonial period. 3463. Nogales Hidalgo, Octavio. Ensayo de investigacin biogrfica sobre el adelantado Sebastin de Benalczar, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:99 (ene./jun. 1962), 60-86. 3464. Nuez, Sergio. Grandes hombres del Ecuador: perfiles biogrficos. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1980. 2 v. 3465. Nuez, Sergio. Un hombre y su poca ante la historia. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1952. 89 p. The life and times of Francisco Chiriboga Bustamante. 3466. Oberem, Udo. Ein Beispeil fr die soziale Selbsteinschtzung des indianischen Hochadels im kolonialzeitlichen Quito, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 5:3 (1979), 215-225. Publishes and analyzes five letters of Doa Barbara Atagualpa--also written Atabaipa, Ataualipa, and Atabalipa--Ynga, a great great granddaughter of Atahualpa, from 1610-1613.

Also published in Spanish as: Un Ejemplo de autovaloracin social entre la alta nobleza indgena del Quito colonial, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 125-134. 3467. Oberem, Udo. Notas y documentos sobre miembros de la familia del Inca Atahualpa en el siglo XVI. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1976. 78, 325 p. (Estudios etnohistricos del Ecuador; 1) 3468. Oberem, Udo. Sancho Hacho: un cacique mayor del siglo XVI. Quito: CEDECO: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 139 p. 3469. Ochoa Ullauri, Rosendo. Proto mdico cuencano: Dr. Jos Alvear Alvardo, 18411896. Cuenca: Colegio de Mdicos del Azuay, 1980. 66 p. 3470. Ojeda Castillo, Enrique. Jorge Carrera Andrade: introduccin al estudio de su vida y de su obra. New York: E. Torres, 1972. 431 p. 3471. Ontaneda Plit, Max. Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo: examen de su obra. Quito: Abya-Yala, [1988?] 168 p. 3472. Oquendo, Diego. Frente a frente, 2 ed. Quito: Crculo de Lectores, 1979. 319 p. A series of biographical sketches of prominent nationals from the authors column, Frente a frente, in El Tiempo (Quito), 1965-1979. 3473. Oquendo, Diego. Los presidenciables: 10 alternativas para el Ecuador. Quito: Planeta, 1987. 203 p. Consists of biographies and platforms of the ten candidates for the presidency in 1988. 3474. Ordez Zamora, Aurelio. Eloy Alfaro. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural, Universidad de Cuenca, 1983. 363 p. 3475. Ordez Zamora, Aurelio. Gabriel Garca Moreno: estudio crtico-histrico. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1969. 469 p. One of the few relatively objective, scholarly sound studies. 3476. Ortega Ricaurte, Enrique. Juan Daz de Hidalgo, de los primeros alcaldes y regidores de Quito y Santaf de Bogot, Gaceta Municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 30-40. 3477. Ortiz, Sergio Elas. Notas para la biografa del obispo Jos Cuero y Caicedo, prcer de la independencia, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 57:663/665 (ene./mar. 1970), 111-161. 3478. Ortiz Bilbao, Luis Alfonso. El adelantado gobernador y capitn don Sebastin Benalczar, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 71:151/152 (ene./dic. 1988), 19-42. 3479. Ortiz Bilbao, Luis Alfonso. Juan de Argello, procurador de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 99-126. A solid but poorly articulated essay on Quito and Benlcazars representative at court in 1538. 3480. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. De hidalgo castellano a empresario colonial: Rodrigo Salazar, encomendero y obrajero de Quito, 1510-1584, Anuario de estudios americanos, 42 (1985), 43-126.

3481. Otras semblanzas, por Remigio Crespo Toral; Ante la estatua de Crespo Toral, por Carlos Arroyo del Ro; Discurso de Carlos Aguilar Maldonado; juicio crtico, compilacin y notas de Vctor Manuel Albornoz. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1964. lxvi, 229 p. 3482. Padilla Mera, Miguel. Una familia troncal en el Carchi: los Salazar Carrera, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:2 (sept. 1983), 73-114. 3483. Pez, J. Roberto. El bigrafo de la Azucena de Quito, Jacinto Morn de Butrn, S.J., Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:66 (jul./dic. 1945), 193-200. 3484. Pez, J. Roberto. Pedro Ordez de Ceballos: (el clrigo agradecido), Museo Histrico, 43/44 (ago. 1963), 109-120. 3485. Pez Fuentes, Luis. El hermano Miguel: maestro ejemplar. Quito: Grf. Iberia, 1977. 80 p. 3486. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. La hoguera brbara: vida de Eloy Alfaro. Mxico, D.F.: Compaa General Editora, 1944. 310 p. Historical fiction--to be understood as historia ficticia, not as ficcin histrica--paraded as scholarship. Decidedly pro-Alfaro. See also the edicin revisada y anotada por el autor (Guayaquil: Publicaciones Educativas Ariel, 1975; 2 v.) in which Pareja Diezcanseco modified his interpretation of Plazas role in Alfaros lynching. There are also 3 and 4 editions: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1986; Quito: Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1992. 3487. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Vida y leyenda de Miguel de Santiago. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1952. 132 p. An exercise in biographical fiction/fictional biography. 3488. Parra Espinosa, Adolfo. Antologa de artistas, compositores y profesionales ecuatorianos. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, 1983. 296 p. A potpourri of biographical sketches of Ecuadorian artists, composers, and prominent professionals. 3489. Pasquel, Manuel. Memorias de un maestro: para que lean mis hijos. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 154 p. The memoirs of a school teacher (1838-1880) in Ibarra. An important source as to daily life in the northern highlands during the nineteenth century. 3490. Payaguaje, Fernando. El bebedor de yaje. Shushufindi-Ro Aguarico: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1990. 123 p. The autobiography of a Secoya shaman. 3491. Paz, Clotario E. Larrea Alba, nuestras izquierdas. Guayaquil: Impr. Tribuna Libre, 1938. 268 p. A study of the political career of General Luis Larrea Alba, the founder of the Vanguardia Revolucionaria Socialista Ecuatoriana.

3492. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Contribucin al estudio de la sociedad colonial del antiguo Reino de Quito: los Jijn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 53-78. 3493. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Juan Jos. Eloy Alfaro y el americanismo liberal, Islas (Santa Clara, Cuba), 83 (ene./abr. 1986), 69-96. 3494. Pea Astudillo, Miguel Angel. 200 aos y una vida: B. general de brigada de la independencia de la Gran Colombia Dr. Antonio Morales Galavis: su descendencia en el Ecuador, IX-6-1784-IX-6-1984. Cuenca: Edit. Universitaria Catlica, 1984. 387 p. 3495. Peaherrera Albn, Luis Antonio. El terrible Ruperto. Quito: Impr. Gran Colombia, 1949. 173 p. A biography of Ruperto Alarcn Falconi, a prominent politician and diplomat. 3496. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad. Biografa del padre Juan Gualberto Lobato, redentorista: indio misionero de los indios. Riobamba: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Chimborazo, 1954. 83 p. 3497. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Don Pedro Fernndez Correcha: sus ascendientes y servicios prestados, Sociedad de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:1 (mar. 1983), 114-122. 3498. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. El general Vctor Proao: explorador del territorio Shuar, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1994. 209 p. 3499. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Huayna Capac. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1964. 326 p. Includes chapters on the ethnic groups of the future Ecuador on the eve of the Inca conquest, on the Inca conquest, and Paccha Duchicela, madre de Atahualpa. 3500. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los Maldonado en la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 220 p. A historical genealogical study of the Maldonado family during the colonial period. Emphasizes the life and work of Pedro Vicente Maldonado. 3501. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. La real familia Duchicela. Quito: Estudios Ediciones y Medios, EDYM, 1992. 246 p. A history of the Duchicela under the Incas and the Spaniards. Whether they constituted a royal family depends upon whether one accepts the Reino de Quito as having existed prior to the Spanish conquest. 3502. Peaherrera S., Luca. Monseor Elas Liborio Madera, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:23 (ene. 1979), 148-156. 3503. Peralta, Jos. Eloy Alfaro y sus victimarios: apuntes para la historia ecuatoriana. Buenos Aires: Edit. Olimpo, 1951. 346 p.

Also published in a: 2 ed. Cuenca: Offset Monsalve, 1977. 3504. Prez, Galo Ren. Un escritor entre la gloria y las borrascas: vida de Juan Montalvo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 529 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 6) 3505. Prez, Juan. Rasgos biogrficos de personas notables de Quito. Quito: Impr. Minerva, 1907. 38 p. 3506. Prez, Pedro Pablo. Mariano Acosta. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1954. 164 p. 3507. Prez Concha, Jorge. Carlos Concha Torres: biografa de un luchador incorruptible, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 224 p. A solid biography of the caudillo of Esmeraldas who rebelled against Plaza Gutirrez in 1913. 3508. Prez Concha, Jorge. Eloy Alfaro: su vida y su obra, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1978. 432 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1942. 427 p. Unabashedly pro-Alfaro. 3509. Prez Concha, Jorge. Jos de La Mar. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1939. 135 p. 3510. Prez Concha, Jorge. Miguel de Santiago, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 82-102. 3511. Prez Concha, Jorge. Vargas Torres, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1953. 287 p. A somewhat spotty but the most substantial biography as of the late 1990s of Luis Vargas Torres (1855-1887) who fought to bring Alfaro to power in the 1880s. Prez Concha was a nephew of Vargas Torres. Reprinted in a 3 ed.: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 3512. Prez Concha, Jorge. Vida, pasin y muerte de Miguel de Santiago, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 3-33. 3513. Prez Merchant, Braulio. Diccionario biogrfico del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Empresa Edit. Ecuador, 1926-Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1928. 515 p. An indispensable reference work for the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Issued in fascicules. 3514. Prez Moscoso, Csar. El campen de los errores: refutacin al libro de Benjamn Carrin Garca Moreno, el santo del patbulo. Guayaquil: C. Prez Moscoso, 1960. 48 p. A critique of and reaction to item 3102. 3515. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Diccionario biogrfico del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987-<1997>. <13> v. Consists of brief essays on prominent Ecuadorians, other Latin Americans, Europeans, and North Americans who have had something, directly or indirectly, to do with the country (e.g., Ecuadorianists), past and present. Each vol. has a cumulative as well as a vol. specific index and

a list of the publications of the biographees. Useful but riddled with careless mistakes. The bibliographic component, moreover, is almost wholly unreliable. 3516. Pesantes, Armando. Mexterior: saudades de la carrera diplomtica. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1993. 922 p. A collection of anecdotes and vignettes regarding the author and his career as a diplomat. 3517. Piaguaje, Celestino. Ecorasa: autobiografa de un Secoya. Shushufindi-Ro Aguarico: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1990. 97 p. The autobiography of a Secoya leader. 3518. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El primer alcalde de la ciudad de Santiago, el capitn Antonio de Rojas Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 12:29/30 (1960), 91-94. 3519. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. Repatriacin de los restos del prcer Francisco Mara Claudio Roca: triunviro del gobierno de Guayaqul de 1820 y quien dot a la ciudad de la primera imprenta. Guayaquil: Impr. Mercantil, 1942. 26 p. 3520. Pino Ycaza, Gabriel. El muy magnfico seor don Gonzalo Pizarro. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1951. 284 p. 3521. Ponce Leiva, Pilar. Gabriel Garca Moreno, 1 ed. Madrid: Historia 16, 1987. 156 p. A popular biography. 3522. Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo. Salazar: estudio genealgico sobre una muy ilustre familia quitea, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 209218. 3523. Primer ciudadano del Azuay. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1959. 110 p. An appreciation of Agustn Cueva Tamariz. 3524. Proao, Luis Octavio. Biografa del reverendsimo padre fray Joel Lenidas Monroy Pesantez. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1992. 416 p. 3525. Proao C., Luis A. Seor don Manuel J. Bastidas. Quito: Tall. Minerva, 1948. 205 p. 3526. El Prcer Juan de Dios Morales, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 111-125. Publishes: Informacin del nacimiento, f de bautismo, ttulos de grado, garanta para la recepcin de abogado del Licenciado Juan de Dios Morales. 3527. Puga, Miguel Angel. La gente ilustre de Quito. Quito: Edit. Delta; Sociedad de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1994-1995. 2 v. (Coleccin: Ecuador mestizo; vol. 11-12) Consists of biographical sketches of 190 illustrious quiteos--mostly from the national period, mostly male--including some who were still living as of the mid 1990s. A useful reference work. Exceptionally strong on artists and musicians in both of which groups Puga appears to have a special interest. 3528. Quecedo, Francisco. El ilustrsimo fray Hiplito Snchez Rangel, primer obispo de Maynas. Buenos Aires: Impr. CONI, 1942. 229, cxxxvi p.

Includes an extensive documentary appendix. 3529. Quien es quien en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Ediciones Cruz del Sur, 1966. 108 p. 3530. Quien es quien en Guayaquil, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Artes Grficas Senefelder [para Ediciones Cruz del Sur], 1967. 150 p. Includes a Gua comercial e industrial. 3531. Quien es quien en Quito, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Artes Grficas Senefelder [para Ediciones Cruz del Sur], 1967. 131 p. 3532. Quito, relicario de Sucre: homenaje del Cabildo quiteo a la memoria del gran Mariscal de Ayacucho en conmemoracin del sesquicentenario de su nacimiento, recopilacin por Eliecer Enrquez B. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1945. vi, 144 p. 3533. Ramos Gomez, Oscar Gerardo. Sebastin de Benalczar. Madrid: Anaya, 1989. 128 p. A popular biography. 3534. Rendn, Vctor Manuel. Olmedo: homme detat et pote amricain: Chantre de Bolivar. Paris: Libraire Nilsson, 1904. 285 p. 3535. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. Vida de Juan Montalvo. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales [para el] Grupo Amrica, 1935. 418 p. Generally considered to be the one of the better biographies, if not the best, of Montalvo. 3536. Reyes, Oscar Efrn. La vida y obra de Manuel J. Calle , 3ra ed. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1930. 45 p. 3537. Ribadeneira, Carlos A. El martirio de Gabriel Garca Moreno: presidente de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1973. 67 p. 3538. Robalino Bolle, Isabel. Itinerario de una vida, Elsbeth Bolle. Quito: Tall. Grf. Andrade, 1990. 162 p. 3539. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los antepasados de Rocafuerte. Guayaquil: Reed & Reed, 1947. 16 p. 3540. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Apuntes para la historia de la poblacin de San Jacinto del Balzar, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 131-137. Includes abstracts of marriage, baptism, and burial records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1826-1854. 3541. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Apuntes para un estudio genealgico de la familia Maldonado y sus enlazados. Guayaquil: Impr. Huancavilca, 1967. 12 p. 3542. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los ascendientes del doctor don Rafael Garca Goyena y Vera-Gaztelu. Guatemala: Tall. de la Tip. Nacional, 1969. 10 p. 3543. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. La casa de Vela, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 146-154.

3544. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Cedulario de la antigua Iglesia Matriz de Guayaquil (hoy Catedral): matrimonios efectuados desde el ao 1.665 que constan en Libro No. 1, siendo cura doctor don Bartolom de Cceres y Burgos, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 155-160. Abstracts marriage records, mostly of notable individuals, from the register for the years 16651703. As of 1967-1978, the corresponding register, apparently the earliest extant, was missing from the archives of the Sagrario. 3545. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Cedulario de la Iglesia parroquial de Baba, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 115-123. Abstracts marriage records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1737 through 1850. 3546. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Cedulario de la Iglesia parroquial de Santa Clara de Daule, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 372-381. Abstracts marriage, baptism, and burial records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1751-1855. 3547. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Cedulario de la Santa Iglesia Catedral de Riobamba, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 10:23/24 (1955), 263-293. Abstracts baptisms records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1714-1784. 3548. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Cedulario del Archivo de la Catedral de Guayaquil: libro primero de bautismos, que principia el 16 de octubre de 1695 ..., Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 63-73. Abstracts baptisms records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1695-1703, as found in what used to be--and may still be if it resurfaces--the oldest surviving register of baptisms in the port city. 3549. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los Coello de Portugal, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 125-133. 3550. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. El conquistador Rodrigo de Vargas Guzmn, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 270-286. 3551. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Contribucin para el estudio de la sociedad colonial de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1938. 657 p. A set of genealogies of illustrious guayaquileos. Includes bibliographical data on members of 86 prominent families. Sections of this work also appeared as: Contribucin para el estudio de la sociedad colonial de la antigua Gobernacin de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 131-157; 5:7 (1937), 53-80. 3552. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Documentos de la poca colonial de Guayaquil: cedulario de la S.I. Catedral de Guayaquil: defunciones, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 90-111; 5:7 (1937), 287-299. Abstracts burial records, mostly of notable individuals, from the years 1705-1855, as found in the parish registers of the Sagrario. The register of burials for 1695-1703 has been missing for

many years as has that of baptisms for 1695-1703, and those of marriages for 1665-1700 and 1725-1760. 3553. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. El Dr. Jos Mascote y su fecha de defuncin, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 237-239. 3554. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Don Juan de Urbina: gobernador de Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII, Hidalgua, 14:78 (1966), 689-694. A brief and apparently the only biography of the fifth governor of the port city and its district, at least as of July 1997. 3555. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Escritos varios, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 31:44 (ene. 1982), 48-86. Consists of additional genealogical notes on various illustrious guayaquileos. 3556. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Estudio histrico-genealgico de la familia Alvarez de Avils, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 161-193. 3557. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. La familia de Rocafuerte, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 64-79. 3558. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Familias coloniales: los Ramrez de Arellano, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 244-262. 3559. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los Garaicoa, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 192-199. 3560. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Guayaquileos notables: Dr. Francisco Marcos y Crespo, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 312-313. 3561. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Hidalguas guayaquileas. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1958. 79 p. Supplements item 3551. 3562. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Homenaje a la memoria del eminente prelado guayquileo Excmo. Sr. Dr. Dn. Francisco Xavier de Garaycoa y Llaguno: primer obispo de Guayaquil en el centenario de su fallecimiento, 1859-1959. Guayaquil: Edit. Vida, 1959. 12 p. 3563. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Isabelita Morls y sus linajes: (familias Morls, FebrsCordero, Tinoco, Agreda, Pagola, Besse Morian). Guayaquil: Instituto Genealgico de Guayaquil, 1960. 62 p. 3564. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los Lavayen, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 12:29/30 (1960), 15-31. At head of title: Familias guayaquileas. 3565. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Un linaje vasco da origen al nombre del actual Cantn de Vinces, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 10:23/24 (1955), 30-54. Genealogy of the Veinza Family.

3566. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Los Morn de Butrn, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 28-44. 3567. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Notas genealgicas para el estudio de la sociedad colonial de la Provincia de Manab, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 107-114. 3568. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Noticias genealgicas de la sociedad colonial de Manab, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 107-114. 3569. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Orgenes del prcer de octubre Rafael Mara de la Cruz Ximena, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 17-20. 3570. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Pginas para la historia de San Lorenzo de Vinces: testamento del licenciado Isidro de Veinza. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1980. 7 p. 3571. Rocafuerte: estudios sobre su compleja personalidad. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 159 p. Homenaje del Gobierno del Ecuador. 3572. Rodas, Raquel. Nosotras que del amor hicimos ... Quito: Edit. Fragua, 1992. 111 p. A tribute to Luisa Gmez de la Torre and Laura Almedia, teachers and political activists, who worked with the indigenous movement in the 1940s. Includes a photographic essay by Rolf Blomberg. 3573. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Benjamn Carrin, el hombre y el escritor. Quito: Publitcnica, 1979. 91 p. 3574. Rodrguez de Gmez, Ana. Breve biografa del General Jos Mara Urvina y Villamil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 14/16:30/32 (1964/1966), 143-257. 3575. Rodrguez E., Celso A. Semblanza biogrfica del Cap. Csar Edmundo Chiriboga Gonzlez, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 8:7 (ago. 1960), 936. Chiriboga Gonzlez was one of the heroes of 1941 conflict with Peru. 3576. Rodrguez O., Jaime E. Estudios sobre Vicente Rocafuerte, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1975. xv, 390 p. Contents: Vicente Rocafuerte y el emprstito a Colombia; Rocafuerte y la poltica de Mxico, 1830-32; Correspondencia de Vicente Rocafuerte, 1810-1843. 3577. Roig, Arturo Andrs. Aurelio Espinosa Plit: humanista y filsofo. Quito: Universidad Catlica, 1980. 78 p. 3578. Rolando, Carlos A. Los centenarios de 1933: doctor Luis Cordero, don Julio Zaldumbide, doctor Antonio Flores Jijn, doctor Jos Modesto Espinoza. Guayaquil: Impr. i Tall. Municipales, 1933. 79 p.

3579. Rolando, Carlos A. Los centenarios de 1950, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 167-188. Consists of biobibliographies of Pedro Jos Boloa (1850-1898), Francisco J. Martnez Aguirre (1850-1917), Juan Flix Proao (1850-1938), Andrs Machado (1850-1926), and Daniel Enrique Proao (1850-1943). 3580. Rolando, Carlos A. Conozca usted lo que fue el General Sr. don Eloy Alfaro. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1958. 147 p. Also published as: General Sr. Dn. Eloy Alfaro, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 3-94. 3581. Rolando, Carlos A. Datos biogrficos del Dr. Isdiro Ayora, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 13:31/32 (1962), 24-43. 3582. Rolando, Carlos A. Don Juan Len Mera, 1832-1932. Guayaquil: Impr. y Talleres Municipales, 1932. 28 p. 3583. Romero Len, Remigio. Excerta biogrfica del Rvdmo. padre doctor Julio Matovelle. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1938. 128 p. 3584. Romero y Cordero, Remigio. Vida, pasin y muerte de la beata Mariana de Jess Paredes y Flores, azucena de Quito. Quito: Edit. Espejo, 1945. viii, 256 p. A scholarly study. 3585. Rosero Jcome, Roco. Jos Joaqun Olmedo, poltico patriota o desertor ...? Quito: Edit. Eskeleta, 1994. xx, 379 p. 3586. Rossello, Vctor. El mrtir del Ecuador: consideraciones sobre la vida y muerte del seor D. Gabriel Garca Moreno, presidente del Ecuador, asesinado en Quito el 6 de agosto del presente ao. Barcelona: Impr. y Librera Religiosa y Cientfica, 1875. 64 p. 3587. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1950. 296 p. 3588. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Luis Felipe Borja. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 380 p. Based on the Borja family papers. 3589. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Rumiahui, Ati II. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin Pblica, 1944. 223 p. 3590. Rubira Orellana, Guillermo de. Los Santos de Charapot, 1770-1985, Sociedad Amgios de la Genealoga del Guayas, 1 (ago. 1985), 143-260. 3591. Rueda, Marco Vinicio. Julio Tobar Donoso, maestro universitario. Quito: Universidad Catlica, 1982. 68 p. 3592. Ruz de Castilla. Biografa del Doctor Juan de Dios Morales, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:109 (ene./jun. 1967), 27-38.

Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1910. 67 p. The real name of the author is unknown. 3593. Ruiz Rivera, Julin Bautista. Gabriel Garca Moreno: dictador ilustrado del Ecuador. Madrid: Anaya, 1988. 127 p. 3594. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. Manuela Senz: la libertadora del libertador, 7 ed. Guayaquil: Publicaciones Educativas Ariel, [1970?]. 201 p. A popular biography of Bolvars quitea mistress. More conjectural than factual. Unfortunately this work and Von Hagens semifictional The Four Seasons of Manuela are the standard references on the misunderstood and misportrayed Manuela Senz Aizparu de Thorne (1797-1856). Available in multiple editions or printings. Originally published: Cali: Edit. Eza, 1944. 293 p. 3595. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. Sucre, gran mariscal de Ayacucho: biografa. Madrid: Aguilar, 1963. 427 p. Somewhat more reliable than the authors Manuela Senz. 3596. Sacoto, Antonio. Juan Montalvo: el escritor y el estilista. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 424 p. Reprinted: Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Azuay, 1987. 2 v. 3597. Sacoto, Antonio. Montalvo: el hombre, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 125-137. 3598. Senz, Manuela. Manuela Senz: epistolario, estudio y seleccin del Dr. Jorge Villalba F. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1986. 232 p. Publishes sixty letters written by Senz between 1830 and 1853, mostly to Juan Jos Flores. See also Senzs Patriota y amante de usted: Manuela Senz y el Libertador, diarios inditos, textos de Elena Poniatowska [et al.]. Mxico: Edit. Diana, 1993. 297 p. 3599. Salazar Alvarado, Francisco. La vida y el pensamiento de Eduardo Salazar Gmez. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1972. 275 p. 3600. Salazar Tamariz, Lucio. Una comarca y sus destellos: semblanzas instantaneas. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1965. 232 p. Consists of biographies of cuencanos. 3601. Snchez Astudillo, Miguel. Isaac J. Barrera: espcimen de letrado y de hombre. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1964. 89 p. 3602. Santinelli, Ciriaco. Garca Moreno: rasgos biogrficos. Cuenca: Tall. de El Progreso, 1921. 182 p. Reprint; originally published: Barcelona, 1908. 222 p. 3603. Santos Rodrguez, Jos. Eloy Alfaro: su personalidad multifacetica y la revolucin liberal. Guayaquil: Litogr. e Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 99 p.

3604. Santovenia, Emeterio S. Eloy Alfaro y Cuba. Habana: Impr. El Siglo XX, 1929. 208 p. 3605. Santovenia, Emeterio S. Vida de Alfaro. Habana: Edit. Trpico, 1942. 373 p. The author, a Cuban liberal, compares Alfaro to Christ. 3606. Scarpetta, M. Lenidas; and Saturnino Vergara. Diccionario biogrfico de los campeones de la libertad de Nueva Granada, Venezuela, Ecuador i Per. Bogot: Impr. de Zalamea, 1879. 728 p. 3607. Sevilla, Carlos Bolvar. Montalvo y sus obras. Ambato: Impr. La Exactitud, 1940. 2 v. 3608. Sevilla Carrasco, Horacio. El prcer Toms Sevilla; El Ambato de antao: apuntes genealgicos. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1987. 551 p. (Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga; vol. 28) 3609. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Microradiografa de don Roberto Andrade, Anales del Archvio Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, 2 ser., 1 (1939), 50-58. 3610. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Un notable americanista, crtico de historia: el P. Juan Caledonio de Arteta y Larrabeytia, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2:4/5 (ago. 1952), 226. Arteta y Larrabeytia (b. 1741) was a guayaquileo and a Jesuit. 3611. Smith, Ronna. Vida de Adalberto Ortz, Cultura, 6:16 (mayo/ago. 1983), 99-118. 3612. Stagg y Caamao, Federico L. El general Juan Jos Flores, Boletn histrico (Caracas), 1 (1962), 9-34. Pro-Flores. Not surprising, given the biographers collateral relationship to Flores. 3613. Steven, Hugh. Never Touch a Tiger. Nashville: T. Nelson, 1980. 156 p. A biography of Mary Johnson (1927-), an Evangelical missionary among the Secoyas. 3614. Surez Baquerizo, Ral. Real Audiencia de Quito. T. 1. Colonizadores. Quito: Edit. Mercedaria, 1951. ix, 135 p. Only vol. 1 was published. A genealogical study, with some biographical coverage, of notable quiteos of the colonial period, especially of titled members of the local elite and of the Surez family. 3615. El Suicidio del Coronel Antonio Vega Muoz: artculos y documentados publicados en las ediciones de El Tiempo de Guayaquil y Quito. Guayaquil: El Tiempo, 1907. 54 p. 3616. Tama Paz, Cyrano. Diario de un estudiante guayaquileo. Cuenca: Libros Ecuatorianos, 1980. 298 p. An autobiography. 3617. Tern, Francisco. El desafortunado conquistador del Reino de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 202-223.

On Pedro de Alvarados attempt to intrude in the conquest of Quito. 3618. Tern, Francisco. Los hijos de don Sebastin de Benalczar, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 67-79. 3619. Testamentos, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 10:16 (jul. 1966), 13-31. Publishes the last wills and testaments of Francisca Sina Sigchi, spouse of Sancho Hacho (1580), of Sancho Hacho, the ethnic lord of Latacunga (1587), of Eugenio Espejo (1795), and of Manuela Caizares y Alvarez (1814). The Testamento del doctor Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo was republished in ARNAHIS, (10 ago. 1968), 126-129, because en la transcripcin anterior ... se han deslizado muchos errores. 3620. Tinajero, Eugenia. Infancia y juventud de Luis A. Martnez, Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1:2 (sept. 1983), 235-251. 3621. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Biografa del Ilmo. padre fray Jos Mara de Jess Yerovi, O.F.M., arzobispo de Quito. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1958. 336 p. 3622. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El coronel Manuel de Ascsubi, Revista de la Asociacin Catlica de la Juventud Ecuatoriana, 3:19/20 (sept./oct. 1919), 87-108. Reprinted in the authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 405-425. 3623. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Dr. Pedro Jos de Arteta, Revista de la Asociacin Catlica de la Juventud Ecuatoriana, 2:8/10 (oct./dic. 1918), 70-94. 3624. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El general Jos Mara Urbina: ensayo biogrfico, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:12 (mayo/junio 1920), 468-496. Reprinted in the authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 211-255. 3625. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Gonzalo Zaldumbide. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1966. 45 p. 3626. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Ilmo. y Rvmo. Sr. Dr. Jos Ignacio Checa y Barba, Revista de la Sociedad Jurdico-Literaria, nueva ser., 37:126 (ene./jun. 1929), 26-62. Reprinted in the authors Monografas histricas (item 2197), p. 303-404. 3627. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El ingeniero Sebastin Wisse, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 40:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 172-211. 3628. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Los miembros de nmero de la Academia Ecuatoriana muertos en el primer siglo de su existencia 1875-1975. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1976. 495 p. 3629. Tobar Donoso, Julio. N. Clemente Ponce, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 49:108 (jul./dic. 1966), 205-229. Nicols Clemente Ponce was a distinguished lawyer and man of letters. He was also a leading Conservative. Also published as a separate: Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1966. 25 p. 3630. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El obispo de Botrn Dr. Jos Miguel de Carrin y Valdivieso Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 9:24/26 (jul./dic. 1924), 68-162. Reprinted as a separate: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1924. 96 p.

3631. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El R.P. fray Jos Primo Betancourt, primer maestro de Garca Moreno, Revista de la Asociacin Catlica de la Juventud Ecuatoriana, 1:4/5 (jun./jul. 1918), 187-195. 3632. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El R.P. Jos Mara Le Gouhir y Raud, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 20:56 (jul./dic. 1940), 285-288. 3633. Tobar Freile, Luis Felipe. El Excmo. y Rvdmo. Monseor Dr. Dn. Pedro Rafael Gonzlez y Calixto: dignsimo arzobispo de Quito. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1923. xv, 321 p. Reprinted: Tip. y Encuadernacin de la Prensa Catlica, 1929. 3634. Tobar Suba, Cristbal. La familia de la beata Mariana de Jess en Ibarra, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 115-119. 3635. Toral Malo, Daniel. Memorias de ..., edicin, presentacin y seleccin de textos Julio E. Toral Vega; seleccin de fotografas, diagramacin y coordinacin Ernesto Toral Amador. Cuenca: Impr. Monsalve Moreno Ca Ltda., 1987. 267 p. Publishes the 1951 memoirs of a cuencano whose life spanned most of the second half of the nineteenth century and all of the first half of the twentieth (1860-1953). Recounts episodes in the history of the city as well as in that of the Toral family. 3636. Torres Chaves, Efran. Mi entrevista con el Dr. Wentland. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1967. 63 p. A biography of and interview with the entrepreneur Joseph Wentland. 3637. Tres maestros: Angel F. Rojas, Adalberto Ortiz y Leopoldo Benites Vinueza se cuentan a s mismos, Carlos Caldern Chico, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Guayas, 1991. 263 p. A set of interviews with Rojas, Ortiz, and Benites Vinueza. 3638. Troncoso, Julio C. Vida anecdtica del general Eloy Alfaro: nacimiento, juventud, campaas y cronologa de los combates, administracin, obras realizadas y muerte sacrificada del noble estadista. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1966. 346 p. 3639. Ubidia Rubio, Luis Enrique. Un ilustre otavaleo: don Carlos Ubidia Albuja, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 230-265. 3640. Uzctegui, Emilio. Historiadores de Bolivia, Ecuador y Paraguay, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 205-213. Consists of biobibliogaphical sketches of leading historians of the nineteenth and of first two thirds of the twentieth century of the three nations in question. 3641. Uzctegui, Emilio. Manuel Mara Snchez, eminente ecuatoriano, Cultura, 5:14 (set./dic. 1982), 221-236.

3642. Uzctegui Andrade, Byron. Carlos Atahualpa Inga a travs de tres documentos inditos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:124 (jul./dic 1974), 412-427. Carlos Atahualpa was a great grandson of Atahualpa. The documents in question date from the late 1500s and the early 1600s. 3643. Uzctegui Andrade, Byron. Segundo testamento de doa Beatriz Coquilago Ango, nuera del Inca Atahualpa, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1989), 138-148. Publishes in photofacsimile and literal transcription the 1602 or second last will and testament of a daughter-in-law of Atahualpa and heir to the cacicazgo of Ango (Otavalo). Includes a brief analysis of the document by Uzctegui Andrade. Interestingly enough this document was removed at from the libros de protocolos (No. 16) of the Primera Notara del Cantn de Quito (part of the Archivo Nacional de Historia since 1956) and acquired by the Uzctegui family from a local antiquarian in 1975. 3644. Uzctegui Andrade, Byron. Semblanza documental de la nuera de Atahualpa, Museo Histrico, 55 (1976), 177-184. A preliminary analysis of 1602 last well and testament of Beatriz Coquilago Ango and other coeval sources relating to the ethnic lady. 3645. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. El R. P. Alonso de Gazco, Oriente dominicano, 9:43/44 (jul./oct. 1936), 304-305; 9:45 (nov./dic. 1936), 327-329, 335-337. Gazco was a prior of the Dominican Monastery in Quito during the early colonial period. 3646. Vallejo Larrea, Gustavo. El doctor Juan Flix Proao, dean de Riobamba, 18501938, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, 2 ser., 1 (1939), 77-85. 3647. Vallette, M.F. Moreno, the Martyred President of Ecuador, American Catholic Quarterly, 47:3 (July 1922), 287-300; 47:4 (Oct. 1922), 411-425. A good example of how poorly informed the majority of North Americans intellectuals, regardless of their ideological beliefs, were/are about Ecuador and Ecuadorians. 3648. Valores humanos de la Gran Colombia: Venezuela, Ecuador, Colombia: con datos recopilados hasta el 31 de agosto de 1964, 2 ed. Bogot: Oliverio Perry, 1965. xii, 1,131 p. A major whos who in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia as of the early 1960s. 3649. Valores humanos de la Gran Colombia: Venezuela, Panam, Ecuador, Colombia. Bogot: Edit. Agra, 1952. 1074 p. The first edition of the preceding item. 3650. Valverde, Miguel. Las ancdotas de mi vida. Grottatierrata: Tip. Italo-Orientale, 1919. 365 p. 3651. Vargas, Francisco Alejandro. General en Jefe Juan Jos Flores, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 48:189 (ene./mar. 1965), 55-68. 3652. Vargas, Jos Mara. Biografa de Eugenio Espejo. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1968. 108

3653. Vargas, Jos Mara. Biografa de Fray Pedro Bedn, O.P. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1965. 116 p. 3654. Vargas, Jos Mara. Diego Lobato de Sosa: un sacerdote modelo de siglo XVI Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 31-40. A sketch of the life and career of a sixteenth-century mestizo priest, the son of a conquistador and of a colla. Sometimes depicted as the first Ecuadorian priest. 3655. Vargas, Jos Mara. Federico Gonzlez Surez: el hombre, el historiador, el prelado. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1969. xxxi, 316 p. Reprinted in vol. 2 of Vargass Obras selectas (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Fundacin Jos Mara Vargas, 1991). 3656. Vargas, Jos Mara. Fray Toms de Berlanga, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 176-192. 3657. Vargas, Jos Mara. Gil Ramrez Dvalos, fundador de Cuenca. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 93 p. Reprinted in vol. 1 of Vargass Obras selectas (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Fundacin Jos Mara Vargas, 1991). 3658. Vargas, Jos Mara. Jacinto Jijn y Caamao: su vida y su museo de arqueologa y arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1971. 230 p. Reprinted in vol. 1 of Vargass Obras selectas (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Fundacin Jos Mara Vargas, 1991). 3659. Vargas, Jos Mara. Miguel de Santiago: su vida, su obra. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1970. 136 p. 3660. Vargas, Jos Mara. Monseor Fray Juan Mara Riera: ensayo biogrfico. Quito: Edit. Royal, 1984. 92 p. 3661. Vargas, Jos Mara. Padre Enrique Vacas Galindo, O.P.: (sntesis biogrfica). Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1961. 34 p. 3662. Vargas, Jos Mara. Remigio Crespo Toral: el hombre y la obra. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 241 p. 3663. Vargas, Jos Mara. Sor Catalina de Jess Mara Herrera, religiosa dominica. Quito: Editora Royal, 1979. 117 p. 3664. Vargas, Jos Mara. El venerable Padre Maestro Fray Pedro Bedn: su vida y sus escritos. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1935. 71 p. 3665. Vargas Vila, Jos Mara. La muerte del condor: del poema, de la tragedia, y de la historia. Barcelona: Maucci, 1914. 261 p. An eulogy of Alfaro.

3666. Varon, Benno Weiser. Professions of a lucky Jew. New York: Cornwall Books, 1992. 431 p. The autobiography of an Austrian Jew who took refuge in Ecuador during the heyday of Nazism. Exceptionally successful, Varon became the well known and controversial columnist Prospero of El Comercio in 1940. Understandably more concerned with the fate of Jews and Israel than with what was going on in Ecuador, nonetheless, an important source of information on the Jewish community in Quito in the late 1930s and the 1940s, and an interesting commentary on Ecuadorian politics and personages of the time. 3667. Vsconez, Francisco. Olmedo y sus obras: estudio histrico-crtico. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg, 1920. 275 p. 3668. Vsconez Hurtado, Gustavo. El general Juan Jos Flores, la repblica: 1830-1845, la ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1984. vii, 405 p. The second vol. in a projected three vol. biography of Flores. 3669. Vsconez Hurtado, Gustavo. El general Juan Jos Flores, primer presidente del Ecuador: 1800-1830. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 214 p. The first vol. in a projected three vol. biography of Flores. See also the preceding item. Detailed, well documented, relatively objective studies. 3670. Vsconez Hurtado, Gustavo. Pluma de acero, o, La vida novelesca de Juan Montalvo. Mxico, D.F.: Biblioteca Continental, 1944. 223 p. 3671. Vzquez Almazn, Hugo. Mercedes de Jess Molina: la peregrina de Dios. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana, [1986?] 319 p. A well documented and researched biography of the founder of the Marianas de Jess Congregation and an important figure in the religious life of the nineteenth century, having served in the Oriente and the highlands as well as in the port city. 3672. Vzquez Almazn, Hugo. Narcisa de Jess, el lirio de los montubios: ensayo biogrfico, histrico, crtico, espiritual. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana, 1976. 226 p. Also a well documented and researched biography, this time of the port citys other celebrated beata of the nineteenth century, Narcisa de Jess (1832?-1869), a candidate for sainthood. Not surprisingly the contemporaries Mercedes de Jess and Narcisa de Jess not only knew one another but reinforced one anothers spirituality. 3673. Vega Toral, Enrique. Datos biogrficos del seor general don Antonio Vega Muoz: la verdad sobre su trgica muerte y la opinin entonces, del Ecuador, sobre ella (1856-1906). Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1956. 380 p. The author was a son of the assassinated caudillo. 3674. Vega Toral, Toms. Homenaje a la memoria del reverendsimo seor doctor don Jos Julio Mara Matovelle en el primer centenario de su nacimiento 1852-1952. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1952. 166 p.

3675. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. He venido a meditar y morir: recopilacin de documentos publicados a raz del fallecimiento del seor Dr. Don Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra. Quito: Edit. Letra Nueva, 1979. 101 p. 3676. Velsquez, Csar Vicente. Olmedo: el hombre, la leyenda, la verdad. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 136 p. 3677. Vera, Pedro Jorge. Gracias a la vida: memorias, 1a. ed. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1993. 279 p. The autobiography of a twentieth-century journalist. 3678. El Verdadero testamento del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho y una de las ltimas cartas que dirigi a su esposa: publicados con otros documentos [por] Alfredo Flores y Caamao, 1926. 96 p. 3679. Verdesoto de Romo Dvila, Raquel. Manuela Senz. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 2 v. 3680. Una Vida al servicio del pueblo, [seleccin de textos y direccin de edicin, Alba Chvez de Alvarado]. Guayaquil: Editorial de la Universidad de Guayaquil: Facultad de Comunicacin Social, 1988. 144 p. A compendium of materials on the life and career of Air Force General Frank Vargas Pazzos (1934-). 3681. Villacs G., Jorge Eduardo. Episodios de un ayer. Ibarra: Edit. Epoca, 1982. 197 p. 3682. Villacs Molina, Rodrigo. Palabras cruzadas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 414 p. Consists of interviews with intellectuals. 3683. Villacres Moscoso, Jorge W. Ilustres venezolanos al servicio del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 47:188 (oct./dic. 1964), 559-568. Biographic sketches of Ignacio Hernndez and Joaqun Villamil, who headed the expedition that annexed the Galpagos to Ecuador in 1832, and of Dr. Joaqun Febres Cordero, the founder and first dean of the School of Law of the University of Guayaquil. 3684. Villalba F., Jorge. Familiares del Mariscal Antonio Jos de Sucre en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 63:135/135 (ene./dic. 1980), 149-161. 3685. Villalba F., Jorge. Federico Gonzlez Surez: su juventud, los diez aos en la Compaa de Jess, 1862-1872, sus primeros escritos, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 47-96. A well documented study of the archbishop historians years as a member of the Society of Jesus. 3686. Villalba F., Jorge. El general Juan Jos Flores: fundador de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios Histricos del Ejrcito, 1994. 473 p. A solid, exceptionally well documented, relatively impartial biography of Flores.

3687. Villass Endara, Carlos. Navarro, el arte de la investigacin: semblanza biogrficocrtica. Quito: Editora La Econmica, 1988. 214 p. A modest but significant study of the life and work of Jos Gabriel Navarro, a pioneer in the art history of Ecuador and one of the most important art historians of the country. Includes a list of Navarros publications. 3688. Villegas Domnguez, Rodrigo. Abogados de Imbabura, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 22-42. 3689. Villegas Domnguez, Rodrigo. Vida de Abelardo Moncayo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 370 p. A superficial and partisan biography of the Liberal ideologue and politician (1848-1917). 3690. Vinueza Carlozama, Mara Elena. Breve biografa de fray Enrique Vacas Galindo, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:23 (ene. 1979), 166-180. 3691. Viteri Lafronte, Homero. Gonzalo Daz de Pineda: fundador, escribano, alcalde y gobernador de Quito: precursor y gua de la expedicin descubridora del Amazonas , Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 194-243. 3692. Viteri Lafronte, Homero. El impreso de Espejo en Bogot, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (jul./oct. 1920), 96-104. 3693. Viteri Lafronte, Homero. Un libro autgrafo de Espejo, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:12 (mayo/jun. 1920), 335-448. A well documented biography of the precursor by one of the editors of his Escritos (item 4341). Considerably advanced what had been known and supposed about Espejo. Reprinted in authors El precursor Espejo (item 656), p. 169-355. 3694. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. The Four Seasons of Manuela, a Biography: the Love Story of Manuela Saenz and Simon Bolivar. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1952. x, 320 p. A semifictional biography of Bolvars quitea lover. Also published in Spanish as: Las cuatro estaciones de Manuela: los amores de Manuela Senz y Simn Bolvar (Mxico: Edit. Hermes, 1953); and as: Los amores de Simn Bolvar y Manuela Senz (Madrid: Apstrafe, 1991). 3695. Wright, Eduardo. El general de divisin Toms Carlos Wright, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 412-414. 3696. Yerovi, Agustn Lenidas. Juan Montalvo, ensayo biogrfico, La Casa de Montalvo, 1:8/10 (mar./mayo 1932), 8-51. Reprint; originally published: Paris: Impr. Sudamericana, 1901. 85 p. 3697. Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. El prcer quiteo don Carlos Montfar, Revista de Indias, poca 2, 18 (junio 1940), 184-218.

Also published as: Un prcer quiteo fusilado en Buga, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 20:56 (jul./dic. 1943), 179-202; and in: Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 102-132. 3698. Zuiga, Neptal. Atahualpa, o, La trageda de Amrindia. Buenos Aires: Edit. Amricalee, 1945. 415 p. One of those works that undoubtedly helped form Ecuadorian nationalism during the second half of the twentieth century. As such it is important. As history it is mythology and unbridled emotionalism. For example: Atahualpa no es el creador de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana ... sino el reafirmador de aqulla, el revindicador, la esencia y el sentido viriles de su fuerza interior. Es algo ms: el soldado enamorado de la formacin de una clara conciencia nacional, para llevar a todos los compatriotas el convencimiento de un ideario superior en la vida: la patria (p. 135). 3699. Zuiga, Neptal. Jos Meja: Mirabeau del Nuevo Mundo. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1947. ix, 409 p. A detailed, well documented, and generally accurate albeit unabashedly favorable account. 3700. Zuiga, Neptal. Juan Po Montfar y Larrea. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 19451963. 2 v. A favorable but nonetheless exceptionally well researched and solidly documented life of the II Marqus de Selva Alegre. Vol. 2 (324 p.) consists almost entirely of primary sources. The second volume was apparently printed in 1945 but does not seem to have circulated until eighteen years. My copy is dated 1945 on the title page, but 1963 on the cover, and include front matter dated julio de 1963. And on p. [iii] Zuiga states Pocos ejemplares del presente volumen circularon hace aos, embodegndose el resto por mi ausencia a Europa ... 3701. Zuiga, Neptal. Pedro Vicente Maldonado: un cientfico de Amrica. Madrid: Publicaciones Espaolas, 1951. 419 p. A detailed, solidly researched work, based on extensive research in Spain, especially in the Archivo General de Indias. 3702. Zuiga, Neptal. Vicente Len. Quito: Tall. Grf de Educacin, 1943. 340 p. Len (1773-1839) was the founder of the Colegio de Latacunga. 3703. Zuiga, Neptal. Vicente Rocafuerte: sntesis biogrfica, seleccin de textos. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, 1984. 159 p. A summary of Zuigas findings on Rocafuerte as presented in item 2172 and a selection of Rocafuertes writings.

HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECUADOR Vol. II by Michael T. Hamerly

CULTURE

[Benjamn] Carrin, que ha pasado por ser [comunista], no invit a sus compatriotas a luchar contra la miseria, sino a leer a Balzac y a imitar a Blgica en la exportacin de artesanas, sin detenerse a pensar en la diferencias de las condiciones de produccin de un pas de rancio capitalismo ennoblecido y un pas subdesarrollado y dependiente. Hay que pensar, por tanto, que la patria en que l sonaba era doblemente pequea, porque solo inclua a los que pueden leer y a los que pueden exportar. Fernando Tinajero.

GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS STUDIES

3704. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. Sin ambages: textos y contextos. Quito: Planeta, 1989. 185 p. An anthology of the authors essays on cultural developments and events of the late-twentieth century throughout Latin America at large as well as in Ecuador. 3705. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Movimiento cultural de Cuenca durante la poca de la colonia. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1940. 257 p. A survey of intellectual and artistic developments in Cuenca during the colonial period. 3706. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Cultura femenina: floracin intelectual de la mujer ecuatoriana en el siglo XX. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1942. 74 p. 3707. Antologa de artistas, compositores y profesionales ecuatorianos, Adolfo Parra Espinoza [compilador]. Cuenca: Tabacalera Andina, 1983. 296 p. Supposed to have been the first of several vols., but no more were forthcoming. 3708. Archivos de arte y literatura: fichero de autores y de agrupaciones, coordinacin e investigacin, Pablo Guerrero Gutirrez; investigadores, Ral Levoyer, Paulina de Ponce, Milton Castaeda. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1992. 2 v. Vol. 2 subtitled: La Msica, coordinacin y investigacin, Pablo Guerrero Gutierrez ; investigadores Ral Levoyer, Paulina de Ponce, Milton Castaeda. As in the case of item 3707, supposed to have been ongoing, but no more vols. were published. A useful reference work.

3709. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Ecuador, la patria y la cultura. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crdito Educativo y Becas; Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1984. 289 p. A knowledgeable but somewhat spotty survey. 3710. Bravo, Julin G. El patrimonio cultural y la Iglesia Catlica en el Ecuador. Quito: Artes Grf. Senal, 1988. 52 p. Emphasizes the role of the Catholic Church in the development of the arts, especially during the colonial period. 3711. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. Galera de msticos y de insurgentes: la vida intelectual del Ecuador durante cuatro siglos, 1535-1955. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 190 p. A beautifully written but not altogether reliable account of the literati--in the broad sense--of the colonial and national periods. 3712. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. Retrato cultural del Ecuador. Paris: Centre de recherches de lInstitut dtudes hispaniques, 1965. 38 p. A broad strokes account. 3713. Carrin, Benjamn. Cartas al Ecuador, estudio introductorio, Michael Handelsman. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 284 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 37) Originally published: Quito, 1943. Includes Nuevas cartas al Ecuador (item 3715). Carrins letters are multifaceted in content and coverage and therefore constitute a running commentary on political as well as on cultural events and developments. The first set was written during the 1941 boundary conflict with Peru and the second during the presidency of Camilo Ponce Enrquez. Both sets originally appeared in the quiteo dailies El Da and La Calle. 3714. Carrin, Benjamn. Informe sobre la obra realizada en la Matriz y los ncleos durante el bienio 1950-1952. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 178 p. A report on the activities of the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana in the early 1950s by its founder and first president. 3715. Carrin, Benjamn. Nuevas cartas al Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Atahualpa, [1959]. 202 p. See the commentary under item 3713. 3716. Carrin, Benjamn. Plan del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1977. 186 p. 3717. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Trece aos de cultura nacional: ensayos, agosto 1944-1957. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 2 v. 3718. Cordero Iiquez, Juan. Desarrollo cultural de la Provincia del Azuay, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 46 (1981), 75-91. 3719. Crespo Toral, Hernn. El pas y su identidad cultural, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 489-500.

3720. Cueva, Agustn. Entre la ira y la esperanza. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. 261 p. 3721. Cueva, Agustn. Sobre nuestra ambigedad cultural. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1974. 91 p. An insightful albeit somewhat dogmatic analysis of cultural developments in Ecuador and its ideological climate in the 1960s and early 1970s. Cueva was a leading sociologist and one of the primary exponents of historical materialism in the country. 3222. La Cultura popular en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1984-<1992> <7> v. A catalog of the popular culture of indigenous peoples, mestizos (i.e., chagras and cholos), and Afro-Ecuadorians, province by province. Includes ethnographic and historical data. Uneven in coverage and quality of presentation. Another important project appears to have been abandoned. Partial contents: t. 1, Azuay, coordinador de la investigacin, Juan Martnez B; t. 2, Cotopaxi, coordinador de la investigacin, Marcelo Naranjo V.; t. 3, Bolvar, coordinador de la investigacin, Segundo Moreno Y.; t. 4, Esmeraldas, coordinador de la investigacin, Marcelo Naranjo V.; t. 5, Imbabura, coordinador de la investigacin, Marcelo Naranjo V.; t. 6, Caar, coordinadores de la investigacin, Harold Einzmann y Napolen Almedia; t. 7, Tungurahua, coordinador de la investigacin, Marcelo Naranjo V. 3723. Chaves, Fernando. El hombre ecuatoriano y su cultura. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 228 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 1) Posthumously published. This work would have been the first systematic attempt to examine Ecuadorian culture had it been published when written in the early 1940s. 3724. Dvila Vzquez, Jorge. Ecuador, hombre y cultura. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 454 p. A series of interviews with twenty personas que hubieran estado ligadas a la cultura nacional-en el presente caso a la de Cuenca--en los ltimos cincuenta aos. 3725. Ecuador: cultura, estado y sociedad, Jos Snchez-Parga [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales FESO; Departamento de Sociologa PUCE, 1991. 78 p. Consists of four essays, only the third of which on the cultural activities of the Banco Central is of any interest or importance. Contents: Jos Snchez-Parga, La cultura entre Estado y sociedad (p. 13-23); Javier Ponce Cevallos, Cultura y Estado (p. 27-39); Simn Espinosa, Un modelo de la gestin pblica de la cultura: el caso del Banco Central del Ecuador (p. 43-57); Gaitn Villavicencio, Polticas culturales y diferencias socio-regionales: el caso de la costa ecuatoriana (p. 61-73. 3726. Encuentro para la Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional (2: 1987: Guayaquil, Ecuador). Ponencias, II Encuentro para la Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, septiembre 21-26, 1987, Museo Antropolgico del Banco Central del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987-1988. 2 v. (in various paginations)

A potpourri of papers, some of which have nothing to do with the topic of the encuentro. Contents of vol. 1: Horacio Hidrovo Peaherrera, Hacia una toma de conciencia de nuestra identidad cultural; Horacio Hidrovo Peaherrera, Fundamentos para una poltica cultural en el Ecuador; El documento de Guayaquil; Jos Hidrovo Peaherrera, La Universidad de Guayaquil y el programa ambiental no formal; Juana Gonzlez de Merino, Milagro 1; Jorge W. Villacres Moscoso, Universidad y soberana nacional; Elias Muoz Vicua, No mas dispersin; ICOMOS, Presentacin ICOMOS; Vctor A. Gonzlez S. 1842 - epidemia fiebre amarilla; Misael Acosta Sols, El paisaje y la cubierta vegetal del Reino de Quito al arribo de los conquistadores; Enrique Huerta, Patrimonio arquitectnico rural: su conservacin y desarrollo; Parsival Castro, Patrimonio arquitectnico rural: su conservacin y desarrollo; Alfredo Ochoa, Patrimonio arquitectnico rural: su conservacin y desarrollo; Jorge A. Moran Ubida, Patrimonio arquitectnico rural: su conservacin y desarrollo. The proceedings of the first Encuentro Nacional para la Defensa del Patrimonio Cultural were also published, but they are important only as a statement of acuerdos y resoluciones: Primer Encuentro Nacional para la Defensa del Patrimonio Cultural: (Memorias) febrero 16-20 1981 (Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981; 33, [18] leaves). 3727. Freire Rubio, Edgar. Esas viejas libreras de Quito!, 1 ed. Quito: Cmara Ecuatoriana del Libro, Ncleo de Pichincha, 1993. 100 p. A history of bookstores in the capital from the earliest known, in the 1840s, through the 1960s. The author is himself a well known bookseller and one of the leading bibliographers of the country. 3728. Garca, Aurelio H. El problema de la cultura ecuatoriana. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1927. 76 p. 3729. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. La cultura en la poca colonial, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 137-161. A solid survey of colegios and universities and of intellectual currents during the colonial period. 3730. Handelsman, Michael H. Entre el colonialismo y el discurso nacional popular, Crnica del ro, 4/5 (sept. 1993), 3-7. 3731. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. La Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana: cuatro aos de trabajo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948. 138 p. A report on the first four years of the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. 3732. Laso Rivadeneira, Jos. Los medios de comunicacin en nuestra cultura, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 401-410. 3733. Linke, Lilo. Literary Life in the Tropics, Antioch Review, 3:4 (Dec. 1943), 574-586. 3734. Mantilla, Gilberto. Bases para una poltica de desarrollo cultural en el Ecuador, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 421-430.

3735. Nez Snchez, Jorge. La cultura popular: problemas y perspectivas, Cultura, 6:18 (ene./abr. 1984), 169-180. 3736. Nez Snchez, Jorge. Pas de medioda. Guaranda: Universidad Estatal de Bolvar, 1993. 109 p. A set of essays on various aspects of popular culture according to the subject headings in library catalogs. In reality a miscellany of essays written in a popular vein mostly on women, cooking, music and musicians, and a little bit of this and that with some history, not necessarily reliable, thrown in for good measure. 3737. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. Las formas de la cultura en el Ecuador, Mercurio peruano, 39:379 (1958), 586-608. Maintains that the national culture in the literary as well as in the anthropological sense has become predominantly mestizo in character. What the author means by mestizo is, of course, not defined. 3738. Prez, Galo Ren. Pensamiento y literatura del Ecuador: crtica y antologa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 519 p. A knowledgeable review of materials for analysis of intellectual developments in general as well as of literary currents in particular. Unfortunately, however, a work that is poorly organized. 3739. Poltica cultural, Plutarco Cisneros A. [et al.]. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1977. 147 p. (Sarance: revista del Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; 5) A special issue of Sarance. Devoted to the discussion of what political culture is in Ecuador and what it should be according to the various contributors. 3740. Proao, Luis E. Medios de comunicacin y cultura, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 431-435. 3741. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. 1969-1979: diez aos de cultura en el Ecuador. Quito: Politcnica, 1980. 125 p. A useful chronicle of developments and events in the fields of literature (poetry, novels, and ensays), history, art, music, and the theater during the ten years under review. 3742. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. El libro y la poltica cultural, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 501-513. An essay on the editorial labors and policies of the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, the Banco Central del Ecuador, and the Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa on the one hand, and on the lack of knowledge regarding what is being published and who reads what, on the other. 3743. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Revolucin cultural: la historia de la toma de la Casa de la Cultura. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 95 p. A report on a cultural or ideological war, replete with hostile takeover, between the Old and the New Guard, between the Right and the Left, between the young--or at least, the middle aged-and the old.

3744. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. El siglo XVIII quiteo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 83-105; 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 78-94. Emphasizes cultural developments inasmuch as this essay is intended to be the background chapter to the authors eventual history of the literature of the eighteenth century. A solid overview. 3745. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Actores y discursos culturales: Ecuador, 1972-88. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1988. 251 p. A critical examination of the cultural politics of the State and of cultural movements at the grass roots level during the administrations of Rodrguez Lara, the Consejo Supremo de Gobierno, Rolds, Hurtado, and Febres Cordero. Especially concerned with the resurgence of indigenous cultures during the 1970s and 1980s. An important commentary on the politics and the political climate as well as on cultural discourses and the various exponents thereof (group as well as institutional) of the decade and a half under review. 3746. Signos de futuro: la cultura ecuatoriana en los 80, Jos Snchez-Parga [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Agencia Espaola de Cooperacin Internacional, 1991. 221 p. A critical examination of the impact of the lost decade on literature, art, and thought by contemporary intellectuals. 3747. Teora de la cultura nacional, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Fernando Tinajero. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 493 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 22) A major anthology of selected writings on the national culture of the country. Includes a highly informative, sophisticated, no holds barred introductory study by Tinajero. Divided into three section: Discurso primordialmente ideolgico; Trnsito del discurso ideolgico al discurso cientfico; and Discurso primordialmente cientfico. Contents: Fernando Tinajero, Estudio introductorio (p. 9-78); Alfredo Prez Guerrero, La telesis social y la raza india (p. 83-99), reprinted from Revista de la Sociedad de Estudios Jurdicos, 4:28/32 (ene./mayo 1922), 137-162; Vctor Gabriel Garcs, Ensayo de interpretacin histrico-sociolgica de las nacionalidades en Amrica (p. 101-126), reprinted from Anales de la Universidad Central, 51:285 (1933), 171-200; Julio E. Moreno, Nuestras formas sociales (p. 127-145), reprinted from Revista Amrica, 11:63/64 (1936), 159-178; Benjamn Carrin, La leyenda y el mito (p. 147-194), reprinted from Amrica dada al diablo (Caracas: Monte Avila Editores, 1981), p. 261-332; Humberto Garca Ortiz, El Ecuador como forma cultural: nacin (p. 197-238), reprinted from La forma nacional: ensayo de una sociologa de la nacin ecuatoriana (Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1942), p. 331-372 and 373-384; Gabriel Cevallos Garca, Sobre la formacin del espritu nacional [assigned title] (p. 239-290), reprinted from various sections of Visin terica del Ecuador (Puebla: Edit. Cajica, 1960); Agustn Cueva, Sobre nuestra ambigedad cultural (p. 291-320), reprinted from Entre la ira y la esperanza (Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967), p. 159-226; Ileana Almeida, Consideraciones sobre la nacionalidad kechua (p. 323-356), reprinted from Lengua y cultura en el Ecuador (Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1979), p. 11-48; Ramiro Rivas I., Hacia una interpretacin de la cultura como sistema de signos (p. 357-396), reprinted from

Lengua y cultura en el Ecuador (Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1979), p. 51-91; Agustn Cueva, En pos de la historicidad perdida (p. 397-418), reprinted from Cultura, 3:9 (ene./abr. 1981), 27-44; and Erika Silva, El terrigenismo: opcin y militancia en la cultura ecuatoriana (p. 419-493), reprinted from Cultura, 3:9 (ene./abr. 1981), 217-281. 3748. Tinajero, Fernando. Aproximaciones y distancias: ensayos, con un estudio introductorio de Samuel Guerra Bravo, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Planeta, 1986. 162 p. An anthology of Tianajeros essays on various aspects of the cultural history and history of ideas of his country with Notas sobre la trayectoria intelectual de Fernando Tinajero (p. 9-38) by Samuel Guerra and an Apendice by Tinajero in which the author himself places the pieces here within united, originally published over the twenty years spanning 1976 through 1985, in perspective. Tinajero is one of the most perspicacious, intelligent, literate, and refreshingly original writers of the late-twentieth century. Partial contents: La colonizacin como problema antropolgico: (notas para una teora del desencuentro) (p. 41-60); Del discurso ideolgico al conocimiento: (notas para el estudio de la cultura nacional) (p. 61-79); Historia y literatura: (notas para una investigacin) (p. 81-93); Aquiles y la tortuga: (contribucin al estudio de nuestra historia cultural) (p. 95-114); Hacia la totalizacin de la realidad (p. 117-136); La fortuna de una idea desdichada (p. 137-154). 3749. Tinajero, Fernando. Una cultura de violencia: cultura, arte e ideologa (1925-1960), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 10, p. 187-210. See comment under item 3751. 3750. Tinajero, Fernando. De la violencia al desencanto: cultura, arte e ideologa 19601979, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 283-318. See comment under item 3751. 3751. Tinajero, Fernando. Descubrimientos y evasiones: cultura, arte e ideologa (18951925), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 9, p. 235-253. Items 3751, 3749, and 3750 together with item 3752--in that order--constitute an excellent introduction to and survey of cultural and intellectual developments of the first two-thirds of the twentieth century. 3752. Tinajero, Fernando. Rupturas, desencantos y esperanzas: cultura y sociedad en el Ecuador, 1960-1965, Revista Iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (July/Dec. 1988), 791-810. See comment under item 3751. 3753. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Ecuador: cultura y generaciones: ensayo, 2 ed. Quito: Planeta, 1985. 338 p. A revised and enlarged version of La pluma y el cetro (item 3754). Also published in a: 3a ed. (in reality a reprint). Quito: Planeta, 1991. 338 p. Items 3753 and 3754 are thought provoking essays on the role of the intellectual in national culture and the formation thereof. Valdano Morejn maintains that as of the late-twentieth century that there have been eight generations of intelligentsia, those of 1734, 1764, 1794, 1824,

1854, 1884, 1914, and 1944. He defines generations in thirty year periods, not only in terms of when their component members were born but also in their of their periods of influence. He subdivides each generation in two groups (vertientes). The generation of 1944, therefore, consists of those born between 1914 and 1929, influential between 1944 and 1974, and those born between 1929 and 1944, influential between 1959 and 1989. An interesting approach that is not without considerable merit. Unfortunately Valdano Morejn is not altogether reliable as to years of birth, is arbitrary as to whom he includes in any given generation, and does not develop his model adequately; the additional material in item 3753 is less than adequate and poorly informed analysis of cultural developments during the colonial period. Furthermore, he focuses overly much on literary developments to the detriments of those in the other arts and the sciences. 3754. Valdano Morejn, Juan. La pluma y el cetro: intelectuales, cultura y generaciones en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 31:3/4 (jul./dic. 1975), 13-71. See comment under item 3753. Also published as a book under the same title: Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad, 1977. 3755. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Poltica cultural y realidad ecuatoriana, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 465-473. 3756. Vaquero Dvila, Jess. Sntesis histrica de la cultura intelectual y artstica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1947. iii, 372 p. 3757. Vargas, Jos Mara. La cultura de Quito colonial. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1941. 269 p. 3758. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia de la cultura ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 589 p. A chronologically comprehensive account of artistic, literary, and other intellectual developments in Ecuador from the early colonial period through the second third of the twentieth century. Stronger on the colonial than the national period, however, and much more analytical than interpretative. 3759. Vargas, Jos Mara. La Iglesia y el patrimonio cultural ecuatoriano. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 149 p.

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

3760. 100 artistas del Ecuador, direccin editorial, Ins Mara Flores; estudio introductorio, Hernn Rodrguez Castelo; textos, Ins Mara Flores y David Andrade Aguirre, basados en artculos originales publicados en Revista Diners por Hernn Rodrguez Castelo [et al.]. Quito: Dinediciones, 1990. 285 p. Consists of biographical sketches of 100 contemporary national artists with photographic reproductions of samples of their work.

3761. Adoum, Jorge Enrique; and Csar Alvarez. Ecuador, imgenes de un pretrito presente. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1981. 96 leaves. Chiefly ill. 3762. Album didctico de los sellos postales emitidos por el Estado ecuatoriano, 1865-1982. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 3 v. Vol. 1 reproduces postage stamps emitted; vols. 2-3 are catalogs thereof. 3763. Almeida, Enrique. El arte genial de Vctor Mideros: centenario de su nacimiento, 1888-1988. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Instituto Andino de Artes Populares del Convenio Andrs Bello, 1988. 156 p. 3764. Arocha, Manuel. Iconografa ecuatoriana del Libertador. Quito: Litografa Romero, 1943. 126 p. 3765. Arquitectura en Ecuador: panorama contemporneo, coordinador y compilador, Diego Oleas S.; textos, Gustavo Medieros [et al.]. Bogot: Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad de los Andes; ESCALA, 1994. 235 p. Primarily a study of contemporary architecture in and architects of Quito. Includes a summary in English. 3766. Arquitectura de Quito: una visin histrica. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1993. 238 p. (Serie Quito; 8) 3767. Arquitectura paisajista: Quito, conceptos y diseos, Beatriz de Winthuysen Coffin [et al.], autores de los trabajos en orden de presentacin, Patricio Morales [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1991. 238 p. (Serie Quito; 3) Although I have not seen item 3766 on the history of the architecture or item 3767 on the landscape architecture of the city of Quito, it may be assumed from other volumes in the series, that both are well illustrated, handsomely printed, attractively bound sets of essays by knowledgeable scholars. 3768. Arte colonial del Ecuador: siglos XVI-XVII, direccin de Jos Mara Vargas. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1985. 239 p. A reprint; originally published as vol. 2 of Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854). Largely given over to art and architecture of the capital. The individual contributions are uneven in quality and not documented, but the illustrations are well reproduced. 3769. Arte contemporaneo del Ecuador. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1977. 260 p. Corresponds to vol. 4 of: Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854). 3770. Arte del Ecuador: siglos XVIII-XIX. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1977. 237 p. Los textos reunidos en este libro ... han sido publicados en la Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854).

3771. Arte ecuatoriano, [coordinadores generales de toda la obra, Hernn Crespo Toral, Filoteo Samaniego Salazar, Jos Mara Vargas]. Barcelona: Salvat, 1976. 2 v. The two volume version of: Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854). 3772. Arte popular del Ecuador: 265 dibujos seleccionados, 184 temas, 53 subgneros, 29 reas visitadas, 9 gneros, Jaime Andrade [et al.]; orientacin, sistematizacin e introduccin: Paulo de Carvalho-Neto. Quito: Alianza para el Progreso, 1965. xviii, 265, ccxcii-cccxiii p. The illustrations consist of pen and ink drawings. 3773. Arte popular del Ecuador: areas norte, sur y centro, Jaime Andrade [et al.], Paulo de Carvalho-Neto, compilador, 2 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. xxxviii, 343 p. Chiefly ill. A new augmented, edition of item 3772. 3774. Arte popular ecuatoriano: cermica de Chordeleg, [Daniel F. Rubn de la Borbolla et al.]. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1977. [51] p. 3775. Arte precolombino del Ecuador. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1985. 258 p. A reprint; originally published as vol. 1 of: Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854). 3776. Arts of the Amazon, edited by Barbara Braun; text by Peter G. Roe; preface by Adam Mekler. London: Thames and Hudson, 1995. 128 p. Includes examples of and commentary on the arts of the Achuar, the Canelos Quichua, and the Shuar (formerly known to the outside world as Jvaros, together with the Achuar). 3777. Astudillo de Loor, Luca. Reaching Out to Urban and Rural Communities in Ecuador, Museum, 36:4 (1984), 223-227. 3778. Astudillo de Parra, Luca. Experiencias en el Museo de Artes Populares, CIDAP: vida y accin comunitaria, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 69-74. 3779. Barnitz, Jacqueline. Abstract Currents in Ecuadorian Art: Araceli, Maldonado, Molinari, Rendn, Tabara, Villacis. New York: Center for Inter-American Relations, 1977. 47 p. 3780. Barriga Lpez, Leonardo. Ecuador y su arte. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Amauta, 1987. 96 p. 3781. Barroco de la Nueva Granada: Colonial Art from Colombia and Ecuador, organized by the Americas Society; curated by Alexandra Kennedy and Marta Fajardo de Rueda. New York: Americas Society, 1992. 79 p. Published in conjunction with an exhibition held at the Americas Society in New York in 1992. Of importance to Ecuadorianists are Santiago Sebastins European Models in the Art of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (p. 13-37) and Alexandra Kennedys Baroque Art in the Audiencia of Quito (p. 61-77). 3782. Bayn, Damin. Larchitecture religieuse Quito: Les glises de Saint-Franois et de la Compagnie, Cahiers dhistoire mondiale, 11:4 (1969), 633-656.

3783. Bazin, Germain. Baroque Churches of Quito, Connaissance Arts, 24 (Jan. 1982), 6269. 3784. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. Dos capillas e iglesias de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 144-152. On the chapels of Santa Marta (San Francisco) and of the Hospital and the churches of San Blas and San Sebastin. Reprinted in the authors Nevados de Ecuador y Quito colonial (item 7220). 3785. Benavides Sols, Jorge. La arquitectura del siglo XX en Quito, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 168 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 16) 3786. Benavides Sols, Jorge. El conflicto urbano: crnicas. Quito: Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central, 1979. 121 p. An anthology of the authors essays on various aspects of the architecture of the capital, ranging chronologically and thematically from architecture of the pre-Hispanic period through the inadequacy of recreational space in the contemporary city. 3787. Borja, Luis Felipe (hijo). Algo sobre arte quiteo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 14:40/41 (jul./dic. 1936), 55-63. 3788. Camon Aznar, Jos. Oswaldo Guayasamn. Barcelona: La Poligrafa, 1973. 182 p. 3789. Capua, Constanza di. Quito colonial. Quito: Guerrero, 1968. 61, [6] p. In Spanish and English. 3790. Cardoso Segarra, Ren. El Museo del Banco Central de Cuenca, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 61-68. 3791. La Casa de Benalczar en la ciudad de Quito. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1973. 53 p. The history of a mid-sixteenth-century house, now a museum and cultural center, and of its restoration. 3792. Castro y Velzquez, Juan. Pintura costumbrista ecuatoriana del siglo XIX: (de la coleccin de Castro y Velzquez). Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares (CIDAP), 1990. 47 p. A brief introduction to popular art of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Based on the authors private collection, but regrettably not illustrated. 3793. Centro histrico de Quito: la vivienda, Roberto Andrade [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1991. 237 p. (Serie Quito; 5) Examines in depth the interrelated issues of providing improved housing for the lower class, including the poor, who have largely taken over the historic center of the city, and the

conservation and restoration of colonial period homes and proposes solutions that meet both needs. 3794. Centro histrico de Quito: problemtica y perspectivas, Fernando Carrin [et al.]. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1990. 239 p. (Serie Quito; 1) The first in the series. This volumes provides a multidisciplinary introduction to the historical preservation and socioeconomic issues involved, specifically to urban policies, the archaeology and history of the casco colonial of the capital, cultural heritage and society, architectural heritage, urban change and conservation, planning and illustrations. This and the other volumes in the set are interspersed with illustrations, some in color, of uneven quality. 3795. Centro histrico de Quito: sociedad y espacio urbano, Csar Albornoz [et al.]. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, I. Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1990. 237 p. (Serie Quito; 2) On socioeconomic and demographic aspects of the preservation and restoration of the casco colonial. 3796. Cermica colonial y vida cotidiana, Jozef Buys [et al.]. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1990. 77 p. A catalog of a traveling exhibition held at the Museo del Monasterio de la Concepcin (Cuenca), the Museo Nahm Isaas (Guayaquil), and the Museo Jacinto Jijn y Caamao (Quito) in 1990. 3797. Cermica de Chordeleg, investigacin, exposicin, textos, dibujos y organizacin museogrfica, Daniel F. Rubin de la Borbolla [et al.]. Cuenca: CIDAP, 1977. [48] p. 3798. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Arte ... temas generales y ecuatorianos. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 505 p. (Obras completas, Gabriel Cevallos Garca; 7) 3799. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Mariologa y arte quiteo. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1986. 23 p. 3800. Cevallos Romero, Alfonso. Arte, diseo y arquitectura en el Ecuador: la obra de Padre Brning, 1899-1938. Quito: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1994. 273 p. Father Brning (1869-1938) was the architect of the Archdiocese of Quito from 1899 through his death and responsible for much of the modern religious architecture in and around the capital. 3801. Cevallos Romero, Alfonso. Bronce y mrmol: historia de un momento, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1988), [112]-132. An essay on the design and casting of the monument to the 10 de agosto in the Plaza de la Independencia (Quito) and its creators, especially Lorenzo Durini Vasallo and Francisco Durini Cceres.

3802. Cevallos Romero, Alfonso. Un proyecto de restitucin: las verjas de la Plaza Grande, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1989), 68-104. 3803. Cevallos Romero, Alfonso; and Pedro M. Durini R. Ecuador universal: visin desconocida de la arquitectura ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: P.M. Durini R., 1990. 164 p. An outstanding study of the achievements of Lorenzo Durini Vasalli, Francisco Durini Cceres, and Pedro Durini Cceres, Italian architects active throughout Ecuador during the first third of the twentieth century. The Durini, father and sons, were responsible for many of the major monuments, public buildings, and outstanding private homes built during the neoclassic period. 3804. Colonial Art of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1968. [64] p. 3805. Colonial Quito, editorial direction, Gabriel Iriarte, Marcela Garca; text, Ivn Cruz; photographs and layout, Santiago Montes; translation, Cathy de Guaqueta, Pegi Dromgold; map, Daniel Garca G. Quito: Mayr & Cabal: Ediciones Libri Mundi, 1991. 49 p. A guide to the historical monuments and museums of the capital. The text is based on the work of Jos Gabriel Navarro and Jos Mara Vargas. Well illustrated with color plates. 3806. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Las culturas originales y el incario: captulo de una interpretacin social del arte ecuatoriano, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 48 (1983), 193-246. 3807. Cordero Iiguez, Juan. Los museos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 37-46. 3808. Crespo Toral, Hernn. Aportaciones al estudio del arte prehispnico en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 264-271. Consists of descriptions of objects of the month displayed between Aug. 1970 and Nov. 1971 in the Museo Arqueolgico y Arte of the Banco Central in Quito. 3809. Crespo Toral, Hernn. El Museo de Arqueologa y Arte del Banco Central del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 206-210. Text of speech inaugurating the Museo de Arqueologa y Arte Dec. 1, 1969. 3810. Crespo Toral, Hernn. Tesoros del Ecuador: arte precolombino y colonial. Madrid: Patrimonio Nacional de Museos, 1976. 120 p. A catalog of a traveling exhibit of Banco Central del Ecuador. Also published in French, German, and Italian: Richesses de lEquateur: art prcolombien et colonial (Paris: Petit Palais, 1973); Schtze aus Ecuador (Kln: J.P. Bachem, 1974); Tesori dellEcuador (Roma: F. Brook, V, Minardi, 1973). 3811. Cuvi, Pablo. Artesanas del Ecuador. Quito: Dinediciones, 1995. 184 p. Chiefly col. ill. Also published in English as: Crafts of Ecuador. The illustrations in both versions are well reproduced and quite eloquent.

3812. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. El Museo Municipal Remigio Crespo Toral, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 47-56. 3813. Chacon Zhapan, Juan. La simbologa de la Virgen Inmaculada: ensayo de interpretacin de la iconografa de las Inmaculadas de los siglos XVI-XIX. Cuenca: Museo Remigio Crespo Toral, 1988. 19 p. 3814. Dvila Vzquez, Jorge. Dos jvenes pintores quiteos, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 279-288. 3815. Dean, Loral. A Family Legacy in Art, Americas, 44:3 (Mar. 1992), 38-45. An essay on Guayasamn and his family. 3816. Delgado, Nicolas. Orgenes del arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1938. 24 p. 3817. Descripcin indita de la Iglesia y Convento de San Francisco de Quito [versin e introduccin de] Alfredo Flores y Caamao. Lima: Tall. Tip. de La Tradicin, 1924. iii, 19 p. (Antiguallas histricas de la colonia; I) A 1647 description. 3818. Diez, Jorge A. La pintura moderna en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales [para el] Archivo Nacional de Historia y el Museo Unico, 1938. 35 p. A lecture on Egas, Len, Delgado, Moscoso, Mideros, Guarderas, and Latorre. 3819. El Diseo en una sociedad en cambio, C. Malo [et al.]. Cuenca: CIDAP; Quito: Ecuador-OEA, [1981?]. 252 p. Th proceedings of the II Seminario Nacional de Diseo. 3820. Donoso Samaniego, Daro. Diccionario arquitectnico de Quito: arquitectura colonial. Quito: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, [1983?]. 277 p. 3821. E. Kingman, Hernn Rodrguez Castelo [et al.]. Quito: Publitcnica, 1983. 147 p. Chiefly ill. 3822. Echeverra Almeida, Jos. El lenguaje simblico de los Andes septentrionales. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1988. 421 p. A study of the arts and crafts of the indigenous peoples of the highlands. 3823. Echeverra Ruiz, Bernardino. La Catedral de Guayaquil, Publicaciones de la Academia Arquidiocesana de Historia Eclesistica, 5 (nov. 1979), 5-9. 3824. Eguez, Ral Prez Torres [et al.]. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1991. 1 v. (not paginated). 3825. Eguiguren Riofro, Carlos. La Catedral de Loja. Buenos Aires: Edit. Difusin, 1947. 215 p. 3826. Endara Crow, Gonzalo. Gonzalo Endara Crow. Quito: Pintores Ecuatorianos, 1986. 219 p.

Includes texts by Hernn Rodrguez Castelo and others. 3827. Equateur: la terre et lor, [coordinateur Andr Guingle]. Paris: Librairie Seguier, 1989. 138 p. The catalog of an exhibition held at the Maison de lAmrique latine (Paris), 7 Dec. 1989-25 Feb. 1990. Also published in Spanish as: Ecuador, la tierra y el oro, [coordinacin editorial, Luis Martnez Ros]. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Concejala de Cultura, 1990. 1 v. (not paginated) 3828. Escudero de Tern, Ximena. Amrica y Espaa en la escultura colonial quitea: historia de un sincretismo. Quito: Ediciones del Banco de los Andes, 1992. 287 p. One of the most important studies of the sculpture of the colonial period since Navarros pioneering work (item 3935). Emphasizes the indigenous as well as the European contribution to Ecuadorian art. The interpretation, however, is in strictly European and therefore not always altogether appropriate terms. Lavishly illustrated with 207 color and seven black-and-white plates. See also the authors Coloristas quiteos (1730-1835), an exhibition catalog with accompanying text. Quito: Banco de los Andes, 1990. 1 v. (not paginated) 3829. Escudero de Tern, Ximena. El escultor Bernardo de Legarda, mximo exponente del barroco quiteo en el siglo XVIII, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 319-349. Includes well reproduced color illustrations. 3830. Escudero de Tern, Ximena. El escultor Bernardo Legarda, siglo XVIII, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 285-324. Based on original research. 3831. Estrada, Emilio. Arte aborigen del Ecuador: sellos o pintaderas, Humanitas, 1:2 (1959), 7-18 + [22] leaves of plates. 3832. Estrella de Larrazabal, Eudoxia. El Museo Municipal de Arte Moderno, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 57-61. 3833. Exposicin arte colonial quiteo: catlogo general, 1 ed. Madrid: Instituto de Cultura Hispnica, 1965. [45] p. The catalog of an exhibition held at the Instituto de Cultura Hispnica (Madrid). 3834. Expresin esttica popular de Cuenca, coordinador, Claudio Malo Gonzlez. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1983. 2 v. (xxxiv, 420 p.) 3835. Facetas de nuestro costumbrismo. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. [24] p. 3836. Felleman, Susan. Pre-Columbian Art of Ecuador from the Peggy and Tessim Zorach Collection, Art International, 26:4 (July/Aug. 1983), 7-15. See also item 3961. 3837. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. El artista don Manuel Samaneigo y Jaramillo fue quiteo y escultor a la vez que pintor. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1944. 18 p.

3838. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Artista nacional inolvidable: Bernardo de Legarda y del Arco. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1951. 23 p. 3839. Fresco Gonzlez, Antonio. Arquitectura de Ingapirca (Caar, Ecuador), Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 195-212. 3840. Fulling, Kay Painter. The Cradle of American Art, Ecuador: Its Contemporary Artists. New York: North River Press, 1948. 77 p. 3841. Funes, Mara Antonieta. Arte precolombino ecuatoriano: las fusaiolas o torteras del litoral, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1970), 155-221. 3842. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Ensayo de una iconografa del gran mariscal de Ayacucho don Antonio Jos de Sucre: y algunas reliquias suyas y del Libertador que se conservan en Quito. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1924. 30 p., 56 leaves of plates. 3843. Garca, Marcela. Ecuador, entreluces la sierra. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly col. ill. An album of photographs of the highlands. More important for their artistic than their illustrative merit. 3844. Gento Sanz, Benjamn. Historia de la obra constructiva de San Francisco de Quito: desde su fundacin hasta nuestros das, 1535-1942. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1942. 180 p. 3845. Gento Sanz, Benjamn. The History and Art of the Church and Monastery of San Francisco de Quito, The Americas: a Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 4:2 (Oct. 1947), 175-194. An abridged version of item 3844. 3846. Gmez de la Torre Barba, Joaqun. Motivos indgenas ecuatorianos. Quito: Artes Grficas, 1971. 55 p. 3847. Gonzlez de Valcrcel, Jos Manuel. Restauracin monumental y puesta en valor de las ciudades americanas = Architectural Conservation and Enhancement of Historic Towns in America, 1 ed. Barcelona: Blume, 1977. 175 p. In Spanish and English. Given over primarily to a unrealized proposal for the restoration of historic buildings in Quito. 3848. Greenleaf, R. Ecuador Was Long a Center of Painting, American Collector, 12 (Aug. 1943), 7-88. Includes illustrations of paintings by Miguel de Santiago, Jos Cortez, Gorivar, J.M. Mora, and Antonio Salas from the authors private collection. 3849. Guayasamn, Oswaldo. El tiempo que me ha tocado vivir. Madrid: Fundacin Guayasamn; Instituto de Cooperacin Iberoamericana, Quinto Centenario, [1988?]. 1 v. (not paginated) The artists comments on his own work. Lavishly illustrated in black-and-white and in color.

3850. Guerrero, Jorge. Arte ecuatoriano: los nuevos pintores y las formas modernas, Revista de la Universidad del Cauca, 10/11 (jun. 1947), 131-156. 3851. Hagino, Jane Parker; and Karen E. Stothert. Weaving a Cotton Saddlebag on the Santa Elena Peninsula of Ecuador, Textile Museum Journal, 22 (1983), 19-32. 3852. Hallo, Wilson. 75 aos de pintura en el Ecuador. Quito: Galera Siglo 20, 1977. 44 p. The catalog of an exhibition held at the Galera Siglo 20 (Quito). 3853. Historia de la cermica en el Ecuador: sntesis, Segundo Moreno [et al.]. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1992. 48 p. A not altogether satisfactory attempt to summarize the history of pottery from pre-Hispanic times through the present. The illustrations, for example, are not identified. 3854. Historia del arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1977-1978. 4 v. Somewhat uneven in coverage but lavishly illustrated. Intended for the general public. Published in fascicles. More complete but much more difficult to obtain than the two volume version, itself long out-of-print (item 3770). 3855. Holm, Olaf. Arquitectura precolombina en el litoral. Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 38 p. 3856. Holm, Olaf. La cermica colonial del Ecuador: (un ensayo preliminar), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 265-278. A preliminary essay because at the time ceramics manufactured during the colonial period had barely begun to be studied. 3857. Hudson, Chris; and Colin McEwan. Focusing Pride in the Past: Agua Blanca, Ecuador, Museum, 39:2 (1987), 125-128. Regarding the setting up a museum on an archeological site. See also item 6006. 3858. Idrovo M., Salvador. Museo de Ciencias Naturales y Arqueologa del Colegio Nacional Benigno Malo, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 93-95. 3859. Idrovo Urigen, Jaime. La cermica en Ingapirca. Cuenca: Comisin de Ingapirca, 1977. 102 p. 3860. Iglesias, Valentn. Miguel de Santiago y los cuadros de San Agustn, 4 ed. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1924. 24 p. Reprinted in: Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 253-270 + [13] leaves of color plates. 3861. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Examen crtico sobre los profetas de Gorbar. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1950. 99 p, 40 p. of plates.

A brief study of Nicols Javier Gorbar, generally reputed to be one of the finest painters of the colonial period. Unfortunately the poorly reproduced plates do not allow one to appreciate Goribars art. 3862. Jaramillo Cisneros, Hernn. Artesana textil de la sierra norte del Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1991. 180 p. 3863. Jaramillo Cisneros, Hernn. Inventario de diseos en tejidos indgenas de la Provincia de Imbabura. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981-1992. 3 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 48-50) Vol. 3: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador. 3864. Jaramillo Cisneros, Hernn. Textiles y tintes, 1 ed. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1988. xiii, 213 p. 3865. Joaqun Pinto: exposicin antolgica. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. [182] p. 3866. Kelly, Franklin. Frederick Edwin Church. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990. 210 p. The life and oeuvre of the creator of Heart of the Andes. Includes contributions by Stephen Jay Gould, James Antony Ryan, Debora Rindge, and Charles Dudley Warner. 3867. Kelley, Patricia; and Carolina Orr. Sarayacu Quichua Pottery. Dallas: SIL Museum of Anthropology, 1976. xiv, 37 p. Also published in Spanish as: Cermica quichua de Sarayacu (Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Antropologa, 1976). 3868. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Arte y ciencia: Rafael Troya (1845-1920) y los gelogos alemanes Reiss y Stbel, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 71:151/152 (ene./dic. 1988), 427-455. 3869. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. La cermica en el Ecuador: proyecto para un museo. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1987. 31 p. 3870. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. La esquiva presencia indgena en el arte colonial quiteo, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 4 (I sem. 1993), 87-101. A revisionist study of the Andean presence in colonial art, not as artist or artisan, but as represented in art. 3871. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Otras pinturas bajo el ciclo de la pasin de Cristo: pintura mural en el Convento de San Diego de Quito, Cultura, 6:17 (sept./dic. 1983), 355-378. 3872. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Pompilio y su pueblo: exposicin de cermica de Chordeleg. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1988. 50 p. An appreciation and catalog of the pottery of Pompilio Orellana, exhibited at the Museo de Arte Moderno (Cuenca), June-July 1988.

3873. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra; and Alfonso Ortiz Crespo. Convento de San Diego de Quito: historia y restauracin. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 365 p. 3874. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra; and Alfonso Ortiz Crespo. Continuismo colonial y cosmopolitismo en la arquitectura y el arte decimonnico ecuatoriano, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 115-139. A solid survey of the art and architecture in the 1800s. 3875. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra; and Alfonso Ortiz Crespo. Reflexiones sobre el arte colonial quiteo, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 163-185. An exceptionally knowledgeable and luminous essay on the art and architecture of the colonial period. 3876. Konanz, Max. El arte entre los aborgenes de la Provincia de Manab. Guayaquil: Edit. Senefelder, 1944. 30 p. 3877. La Orden Miracle, Ernesto. Ecuador, arte y paisaje. Madrid: Ediciones Mundo Hispnico, 1959. 16 p., [76] p. of plates. 3878. La Orden Miracle, Ernesto. Elogio de Quito. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1950. 122 p. + 216 p. of plates. 3879. La Orden Miracle, Ernesto. Elogio de Quito. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1975. 247 p. Both items 3878 and 3879 are in Spanish and English. Textually they are the same work for all practical purposes, but insofar as the illustrations are concerned they differ. The 1950 version includes more plates than the 1975 version, in which the plates are not numbered. But the 1975 version includes some color and black-and-white plates that the 1950 version does not. 3880. Lamas D., Viviana; and Fernando Plaza Schuller. Notas sobre el estudio del arte precolombino, Sarance, 7 (oct. 1979), 45-64. 3881. Lapiner, Alan C. Art of Ancient Peru and Ecuador: a Sales Exhibition Organized in Cooperation with Andre Emmerich. New York: Arts of the Four Quarters, Ltd., 1968. 34 p. 3882. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Breve historia de la Iglesia Catedral de Quito durante cuatro siglos. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1975. 200 p. 3883. Lasso, Ignacio. Cinco pintores del Ecuador, Amrica (Quito), 14:68 (1939), 57-79. An essay on Camilo Egas, Victor Mideros, Sergio Guarderas, Pedro Len, and Eduardo Kingman. Also published in: Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, 1 (jun. 1939), 216-240. 3884. Lee T., Pablo. Historia de la Iglesia de San Jacinto de El Morro. Guayaquil: Museo Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 50 p. A detailed, documented essay on the church of El Morro, constructed between 1855 and 1868. Includes data on the history of the community. A pioneering study and as of July 1997, apparently the only historical study of a rural church building on the coast.

3885. Lee T., Pablo; Florencio Compte Guerrero; and Claudia Peralta Gonzlez. Patrimonio arquitectnico y urbano de Guayaquil, 1 ed. Guayaquil: La Chaza, 1989. 136 p. 3886. Lee T., Pablo; Florencio Compte Guerrero; and Claudia Peralta Gonzlez. Testimonio y memoria de la arquitectura histrica de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Consejo de Investigacin, Programa de Investigacin de la Historia de la Arquitectura y Ciudad, Biblioteca de Historia de la Arquitectura, 1996. 273 p. The segunda edicin ampliada of item 3885. In the midst of the squalor and sprawl of the port city, there are some architectural gems too. Fortunately the author of this bibliography has known Guayaquil long enough to have also known some of its attractiveness of yesteryear, far too little of which has survived, and therefore is grateful for this stunning pictorial testimony to the city that was and to some extent, albeit increasingly less so, still is. See also item 6814. 3887. Libro de la segunda Bienal de Arquitectura de Quito, [publicacin a cargo de Rolando Moya Tasquer y Evelia Peralta]. Quito: Ediciones CAE, Colegio de Arquitectos del Ecuador, Ncledo de Pichincha, 1982. 207 p. See also: Libro de la primera Bienal de Arquitectura de Quito. Quito: Ediciones CAE, Colegio de Arquitectos del Ecuador, Ncledo de Pichincha, 1979. 304 p. 3888. Linke, Lilo. Small Artists of Ecuador, Americas, 6:5 (May 1954), 16-18. 3889. Llerena, Jos Alfredo. La pintura ecuatoriana del siglo XX. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1942. 76 p. (i.e., p. 1-76) + [16] leaves of plates. An artist by artist account and appreciation. Published together with Alfredo Chaves, Primer registro bibliogrfico de artes plsticas en el Ecuador (item 55). 3890. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. El Monasterio de la Concepcin de Cuenca, Tres de noviembre, 142 (mayo/ago. 1985), 79-117. 3891. Malo de Ramrez, Gloria. Alfarera: las ollas de barro de San Miguel de Porotos, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 139-152. Reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), p. 36-48. 3892. Malo de Ramrez, Gloria. Alfarera y orfebrera de Chordeleg, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 1, (1969), 40-64. Reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), p. 11-35. 3893. Manthorne, Katherine E. Creation & Renewal: Views of Cotopaxi by Frederick Edwin Church. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1985. viii, 88 p. The catalog of an exhibition held at the National Museum of American Art in 1985. 3894. Manthorne, Katherine E. Oswaldo Guayasamn, Latin American Art, 3:4 (Dec. 1991), 56-58. An appreciation of the artist and his work.

3895. Martnez Borrero, Juan. Detrs de la imagen: un estudio sobre la iconografa popular en el Azuay. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1992. 222 p. A study of the cultural (in the social scientific sense) and ideological context of popular or folk art. 3896. Martnez Borrero, Juan. El Museo Comunidad de Chordeleg, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 75-77. 3897. Martnez Borrero, Juan. La pintura popular del Carmen: identidad y cultura en el siglo XVIII, 1 ed. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1983. xv, 271 p. Reproduces and analyzes the mural paintings in the Convento del Carmen (Cuenca) and the Chapel of Susudel (1752), 92 km. to the south of Cuenca. 3898. Masjun, Joaqun. Los cuadros de apstoles de San Francisco, Museo Histrico, 14/15 (1952), 72-84. 3899. Matovelle, Jos Julio. Imgines y santuarios de la Virgen Santsima en la Amrica Espaola, sealadamente en la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. Editora de los Tall. Salesianos, 1910. x, 598 p. 3900. Meja, Luis. Meja. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 87 p. (Coleccin fotgrafos del Ecuador; vol. 1) A selection of the photographers work. Emphasizes daily life and people, especially children and the elderly. 3901. Meja, Manuel Esteban. Apuntes sobre la situacin actual de las artes plsticas ecuatorianas, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 343-349. 3902. Mesa, Jos de; and Teresa Gisbert. Un diseo de Bramante realizado en Quito, Boletn de la Sociedad Espaola de Excursiones, 55 (1951), 245-246. 3903. Mesa, Jos de; and Teresa Gisbert. The Painter Mateo Mexa and His Works in the Convent of San Francisco de Quito, The Americas: a Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, 16:4 (Apr. 1960), 385-396. Also published in Spanish as El pintor Matheo Meja y sus obras en el Convento de San Francisco de Quito, ARNAHIS, 12: 18 (10 ago. 1970), 23-34. 3904. Miller, Laura Martin. The Ikat Shawl Traditions of Northern Peru and Southern Ecuador, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the Andes, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo, and Edward B. Dwyer (New York: Garland, 1991), p. 337-358. 3905. Montana, Guido; and Lenn Oa. Eduardo Maldonado: del smbolo al dimensionalismo. [Quito]: Ediciones EM, 1989. 251 p. Text in Spanish, English, and Italian. An impressive, well illustrated survey of Maldonados oeuvre.

3906. Monteforte Toledo, Mario. Arte, cultura y poltica cultural, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 329-341. 3907. Monteforte Toledo, Mario. Los signos del hombre, colaboran, Lucas Achig [et al.], 1 ed. Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1985. xiv, 465 p. 3908. More, Humberto. Actualidad pictrica ecuatoriana, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Forma, [1980?]. 84 p. 3909. Moreira, Dario. Cultural Policy in Ecuador. Paris: Unesco, 1979. 94 p. 3910. Moreno Proao, Agustn. Caspicara. Quito: Ediciones Paralelo Cero, 1976. 160 p. Chiefly ill. In Spanish and English. 3911. Moreno Proao, Agustn. Tesoros artsticos. Guayaquil: Museo Filanbanco, 1983. 298 p. In Spanish and English. A catalogue of paintings, mostly from the Escuela Quitea, in the Museo Filanbanco in Guayaquil. 3912. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E.; and Jaime Pea Novoa. Historia de la cermica en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Paul Rivet Fundacin, 1992. 47 p. 3913. Moscoso Vega, Luis A. La Catedral de la Inmaculada. Cuenca: Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 31 p. 3914. Motivos decorativos tradicionales en los tejidos de Imbabura, [coordinador], Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, [1988]. 283 p. 3915. Moya Tasquer, Rolando; and Evelia Peralta. Arquitectura contempornea: 20 arquitectos del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Trama, 1990. 191 p. 3916. Moya Tasquer, Rolando; and Evelia Peralta. Arquitectura contempornea: nuevos caminos del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Trama, 1991. 183 p. Both items 3915 and 3916 are clear, concise, well illustrated analyses of contemporary architecture by a team that has been producing a whole series of a books on the new architecture of the country, the bibliographic particulars of most of which I have been unable to ascertain. But see also their: Casas del Ecuador: arquitectura contempornea, 1a ed. Quito: Trama, 1994. 165 p. 3917. Muratorio, Ricardo. Corpus Christi: Dance Costumes of Ecuador, American Craft, 41:1 (Feb./March 1981), 8-13. Describes and samples traveling exhibition, A Feast of Colors: Corpus Christi Dance Costumes of Ecuador, the pieces for which were lent by Olga Fisch, on whom see: Pamela Scheinman, Olga Fisch, Collector, in ibid., p. 14-15. 3918. Museo Comunidad de Chordeleg. Creacin: el arte popular en el Museo Comunidad de Chordeleg, [coordinador Juan Martnez Borrero]. Chordeleg: Museo Comunidad de Chordeleg; Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1988. xix, 99 p.

3919. Museo de Arte Colonial (Quito, Ecuador). Gua del Museo de Arte Colonial. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1951. 53 p. A guide to what is now the Museo Nacional de Arte Colonial. See also the much more recent Breve catlogo del Museo de Arte Colonial, Jorge Luna Ypes [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Amigos del Museo Nacional de Arte Colonial, 1997. 48 p. 3920. Museo Jacinto Jijn y Caamao. Museo Jacinto Jijn y Caamao y el patrimonio artstico, Jos Mara Vargas [editor]. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1978. 203 p. A special issue of: Revista de la Universidad Catlica (Quito), 6:19 (jul. 1978). Fruto colectivo del personal que trabaja en el Museo. 3921. Museo Municipal de Arte e Historia (Quito, Ecuador). Catlogo: fondo artstico. Quito: Municipalidad de Quito, 1959. 62 p. 3922. Museo Municipal (Guayaquil, Ecuador). Gua del Museo Municipal de Guayaquil, redactada por Lidia de Abad Valenzuela, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 44 (ene. 1982), 87-121. 3923. Museo Nacional de Arte (Quito, Ecuador). Gua del Museo Nacional de Arte. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1951. 98 p. 3924. Museo de Arte Religioso del Monasterio de la Concepcin, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 79-82. 3925. Museo de Historia de la Medicina, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 8386. 3926. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. El arquitecto espaol don Antonio Garca y la Catedral de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 38:92 (jul./dic 1958), 180-208. An essay on the designer and construction of the present portal of the Cathedral. Extensively documented. 3927. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La arquitectura civil domstica en Quito, en la poca virreinal, Amrica (Quito), 9:58 (nov./dic. 1934), 507-511. 3928. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Arquitectura hispano-colonial americana: curiosa ordenacin arquitectnica en el claustro del Convento de San Agustn de la ciudad de Quito, Archivo espaol de arte y arqueologa, 12 (sept./oct. 1928), 179-182. 3929. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Arquitectura religiosa en Quito, Boletn de Obras Pblicas, 63/65 (1948), 37-59. 3930. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. El arte en la Provincia de Quito, 1 ed. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1960. 98 p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador; 4) Navarros culminating study of the civil and ecclesiastical architecture, and of the sculpture and sculptors of the capital during the colonial period. Illustrated with black-and-white plates. Indexed.

3931. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Artes plsticas ecuatorianas, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1945. 266 p. The authors most comprehensive treatment of the art and architecture in Quito during the colonial period. Only the last chapter considers developments of more recent times and those outside of the capital. 3932. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La Catedral de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 31:79 (ene./jun. 1952), 31-101. Well illustrated. 3933. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Contribuciones a la historia del arte en el Ecuador. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1925-1952. 4 v. Vol. 3: Impr. Romero; vol. 4: Prensa Catlica. Originally published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:5 (mayo/jun. 1921), 262-278; 3:6 (jul./ago. 1921), 102-123; 3:7/8 (sept./dic. 1921), 207-228; 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 106-138; 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 219240; 7:20 (nov./dic. 1923), 373-393; 8:21/23 (ene./jun. 1924), 197-235; 17:50/53 (ene./jun. 1939), 9-184; 27:70 (jul./dic. 1947), 173-288; 28:71 (ene./jun. 1948), 36-79; 28:72 (jul./dic. 1948), 155-225; 29:73 (ene./jun. 1949), 5-43; 31:78 (jul./dic. 1951), 158-233; 32:80 (jul./dic. 1952), 153-205. A major set of detailed, well researched monographs on the religious art, especially architecture, of the colonial period. 3934. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. El Convento y la Iglesia de la Merced de Quito: datos para la historia de la edificacin del actual convento y de la segunda iglesia que concluyeron los religiosos en 1627, Segundo Congreso Internacional de Historia de Amrica: reunido en Buenos Aires en los das 5 a 14 de julio de l937, vol. 3 (Buenos Aires: Academic Nacional de la Historia, 1938), p. 505-516. 3935. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Epigrafa quitea: coleccin de inscripciones antiguas y modernas, tomadas de las iglesias, conventos, losas sepulcarales, cuadros y toda clase de monumentos de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:1 (jun. 1918), 10-25; 1:3 (oct./nov. 1918), 276-295; 2:4 (ene./feb. 1919), 57-70; 2:5 (mar./abr. 1919), 173-195. Apparently the only study of inscriptions of the colonial period in the capital ever undertaken, at least as of July 1997. Reprinted in the authors Estudios histricos, presentacin por Jorge Salvador Lara, recopilacin por Wilson Vega (Quito: Aymesa; Academia Nacional de Historia, 1995), 54-144. 3936. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La escultura en el Ecuador: (siglos XVI al XVIII). Madrid: Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, 1929. xxix, 195 p. The classic work on the subject. Supplemented but not superseded by several modern studies, especially those of Escudero (item 3828) and Palmer (item 3949). 3937. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Las formas arquitectnicas en la arquitectura hispanoamericana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 40:94 (jul./dic. 1959), 148171; 41:95 (ene./jun. 1960), 30-80; 41:96 (jul./dic. 1960), 175-218.

A detailed study of architectural forms employed throughout Spanish America, especially in Mexico and Ecuador, during the colonial period. Apparently Navarro intended to illustrate this work extensively as he makes reference to numerous, but not included photographs of churches, chapels, convents, and private homes. 3938. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Gua artstica de Quito. Quito: Edit. de Prensa Catlica, 1961. 204 p. Data rich and well illustrated but only for aficionados inasmuch as it is not indexed. 3939. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La Iglesia de la Compaa en Quito. Madrid: Tall. Tip. de A. Marzo, 1930. 171 p. 3940. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Un pintor quiteo y un cuadro admirable del siglo XVI en el Museo Arqueolgico Nacional. Madrid: Archivos,1929. 30 p. 3941. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. La pintura en el Ecuador en el siglo XVI al XIX, investigacin, recopilacin y revisin Julin Bravo [y] Ximena Carceln. Quito: Dinediciones, 1991. 260 p. Posthumously published. Lavishly illustrated with 150 well reproduced plates, mostly in color. Unfortunately the text is difficult to read, not having been well reproduced inasmuch as the publisher utilized an ink that does not contrast well with the paper stock employed. Important as a source of information on Miguel de Santiago, Nicols Javier de Gorbar, Bernardo Rodrguez, and Manuel Samaniego. Includes a Bibliografa del Dr. Jos Gabriel Navarro Enrquez by Wilson C. Vega Vega (p. 246-260). 3942. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Religious Architecture in Quito. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1945. 24 p. 3943. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Summary of Ten Lectures on Ecuadorian Art. Panama: Star & Herald, 1935. 45 p. 3944. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Las vicisitudes del templo de la Compaa en la segunda poca de su construccin y arreglo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 47:104 (jul./dic. 1964), 143-159. 3945. Navas, Juan de Dios. Gupulo y su santuario, 1581-1926. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1926. xii, 436 p. 3946. Nurnberg, David; Julio Estrada Ycaza; and Olaf Holm. Arquitectura vernacular en el litoral. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1982. xiv, 295 p. A detailed, profusely illustrated study of rural housing in the Provinces of Manab, Los Ros, and Guayas. Includes a chapter on architecture of pre-Hispanic sites from Real Alto (Valdivia) through the eve of the Spanish conquest. 3947. Pachano Lalama, Rodrigo. El pintor de la soledad: la obra pictrica de Luis A. Martnez, 2 ed. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1975. 65 p. Reprint; originally published: Ambato: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1948. 54 p. 3948. Pez, J. Roberto. Luis Mideros. Quito: Edit. Coln, 1940. 110 p.

Primarily a catalog of sculptures of the artist. 3949. Palacios Abad, Jaime. El Museo Histrico de la Casa de los Tratados de Girn, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 89-92. 3950. Palladares Zaldumbide, Rodrigo. Preservacin monumental en el Ecuador, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 381-395. 3951. Palmer, Gabrielle G. Sculpture in the Kingdom of Quito. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1987. 164 p. As of July 1997, one of the two most important studies of sculpture of the colonial period since Navarros pioneering work (item 3935). Textually more comprehensive but less well illustrated than Escuderos work (item 3828). Palmers text sans illustrations has been published in Spanish as: La escultura en la Audiencia de Quito. Quito: I. Municipio de Quito, Subdireccin de Centros Culturales, 1993. 123 p. 3952. Paniagua Prez, Jess. El gran templo que nunca se lleg a construir: la catedral colonial de Cuenca (Ecuador), Estudios humansticos (Len), 15 (1993), 149-165. 3953. Paniagua Prez, Jess. La Iglesia de Susudel, Azuay (Ecuador), Anales del Museo de Amrica (Madrid), 1 (1993), 143-157. The architecture and art of the Church of Susudel (1752) in Oa, Azuay. 3954. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Las pinturas murales del Convento de la Concepcin de Cuenca, Ecuador, Cuadernos de arte colonial (Madrid), 7 (mayo 1991), 109-128. 3955. Paniagua Prez, Jess. La plata labrada en la Audiencia de Quito: (la Provincia del Azuay), siglos XVI-XIX. Len: Universidad de Len, Secretariado de Publicaciones, 1989. 366 p. A comprehensive, well researched, solidly documented history of silver work in the Corregimiento de Cuenca/Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Cuenca/Provincia del Azuay. 3956. Parducci Z., Resfa. Representacin de casas en los sellos triangulares de Manab, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 10:27 (1961), 231-237. 3957. Parker, Helen Mary. Museum of Colonial Art in Quito, Bulletin of the Pan American Union, 81:11 (Nov. 1947), 595-601. 3958. Parsons, James J. Giant American Bamboo in the Vernacular Architecture of Colombia and Ecuador, Geographical Review, 81:2 (Apr. 1991), 131-152. Examines changing relationships between humans and wild bamboo that grows in high copses in the Cauca Valley of Colombia, and in the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador, with particular attention to the utilization of bamboo as a building material in the suburbios of Guayaquil. 3959. Prez Concha, Jorge. Miguel de Santiago, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 82-102. 3960. Pesntez Bermdez, Gloria. Museo del Folklore Azuayo, Tres de Noviembre, 31:144 (ene./abr. 1986), 87-88.

3961. Pintoras de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. [47] p. A catalog of works of four woman artists of the port city, Alba Caldern, Aracely Gilbert, Judith Gutirrez, and Mariella Manrique. 3962. Pre-Colombian Art of Ecuador from the Peggy and Tessim Zorach Collection: Apr. 21May 30, 1982, Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Ithaca: Cornell University, 1982. [59] p. The catalog of an exhibition held at the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art (Cornell University). 3962. Pre-Colombian Ceramics from Ecuador. Coral Gables: Lowe Art Museum, 1981. 31 p. The catalog of a 1981 exhibit. 3964. Pre-Columbian Art from Mesoamerica and Ecuador: Selections from Distinguished Private Collections: the Lowe Art Museum, October 9 through November 30, 1980, exhibition organized by Peter David Joralemon; essay by Elizabeth P. Benson. Coral Gables: Lowe Art Museum, 1980. 32 p. 3965. Proao, Luis Octavio. La Merced de Quito, arte e historia. Quito: R. Rivadeneira Palacios, 1989. 363 p. A detailed, well researched history of the construction of the Church and the Convent of the Merced. Unfortunately the illustrations are poorly reproduced. 3966. Proao, Luis Octavio. La Merced de Quito y su arquitectura colonial. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1975. 208 p. 3967. Proao, Luis Octavio. La Recoleccin mercedaria de El Tejar. Quito: Grficas Hernndez, 1994. 404 p. A thoroughly researched study of the art, architecture, and history of the Retreat House of El Tejar. Emphasizes the spiritual influence of the house and its founder, Father Francisco de Jess Bolaos. For a prcis of this work, see the authors Histrica recoleccin de El Tejar, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 14 (1994), 15-29. 3968. Proao, Luis Octavio. Visita guiada al Convento y Basilica de la Merced de Quito. Quito: [s.n.], 1989. 158 p. A useful guidebook, but not as specific as one would like. The illustrations (all in black-andwhite) are more or less well reproduced. 3969. Quito eterno. Quito: Ediciones Paralelo Cero, 1975-1976. 2 v. In Spanish, English, French, and German. Vol. 1, Iglesias y Conventos, by the art historian Agustn Moreno Proao, covers churches and convents, and vol. 2, La Ciudad ayer y hoy, by the architects Andrs Peaherrera Mateus, Juan Fernando Prez Arteta, and Milton Barragn Dumet, examines the architecture of the city. Well illustrated in color as well as in black-and-white.

3970. Quito, gua arquitectnica, [Evelia Peralta et al]. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1991. 238 p. (Serie Quito; 4) A guide to the architecture of the capital, especially to its historic buildings and monuments. 3971. Radiconcini, Giacomo. La ciencia y el arte de la construccion en Quito, Anales de la Universidad Central, nueva ser., 1:5 (nov. 1912), 207-244. 3972. Radiconcini, Giacomo. La ciencia y el arte de las construcciones en Guayaquil, Anales de la Universidad Central, nueva ser., 1:8 (feb. 1913), 310-319. 3973. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Arte sacro contemporaneo del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca del Banco Central Guayaquil; Museo Arqueolgico del Banco del Pacfico, 1985. 39 p. Includes a catalog of the exhibit. 3974. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Diccionario crtico de artistas plsticos del Ecuador del siglo XX. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1992. 419 p. 3975. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Eduardo Kingman. Quito: La Manzana Verde, 1985. 253 p. 3976. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Panorama del arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1993. 167 p. 3977. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. El siglo XX de las artes visuales en Ecuador. Guayaquil: Museo de Arte, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 188 p. A catalog of the Museo de Arte Moderno of the Banco Central del Ecuador. 3978. Rodrguez Moreno, Oswaldo A. Museo del Convento La Concepcin: catlogo de su coleccin permanente de arte religioso, 2. ed. rev. Riobamba: Edit. Pedaggica Freira, 1986. 33 p. 3979. Rowe, John Howland. Potters Art of Atacames, Archaeology, 2:1 (Mar. 1949), 3134. 3980. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. Vctor Mideros. Quito: Edit. Bolvar, 1932. 52 p. 3981. Sabolo, Yves. Tumaco, 1000 ans dart precolombien. Fribourg: Office du livre, [1986?]. 252 p. 3982. Salinas, Raul. Weaving Revival in Ecuador, Craft Horizons, 17:1 (Feb. 1957), 2629. 3983. Saln Exposicin Mariano Aguilera: 65 aos de la plstica ecuatoriana, 1917-1982. Quito: Municipio de Quito, Departamento de Educacin y Cultura Popular, 1982. 89 p. A retrospective look at the works of artists awarded the Mariano Aguilera prize.

3984. Saln Nacional de Cermica Artstica en el Ecuador (1: 1989: Cuenca, Ecuador). La cermica artstica en el Ecuador, Susana Klinkicht y Mireya Salgado. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1989. 57 p. 3985. Saln Nacional de Cermica Artstica en el Ecuador (2: 1992: Cuenca, Ecuador). Catlogo. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1992. 40 p. 3986. Samaniego Salazar, Filoteo. Columnario quiteo: tres siglos de barroco decorativo. Quito: Comisin de Valores, Corporacin Financiera Nacional, 1972. 318 p. 3987. San Pedro de Lican: restauracin de la iglesia y de sus obras de arte. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 40 p. 3988. San Sebastin: reutilizacin de una iglesia colonial en funcin de la cultura popular. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. [28] p. A survey of the restoration of San Sebastin and of the conversion of the rectory and other adjoining structures into a center of popular culture. 3989. Serie estudios y metodologas de preservacin del patrimonio cultural. Quito: Proyecto Ecua-Bel: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1994. 7 v. This is a difficult publication to describe. Although lacking a common title except for the series title, the seven volumes in question constitute a bibliographic whole and therefore a finite set. Furthermore, they all have to do with a specific subject, the restoration of the Monastery of Santo Domingo in Quito. The other problem with this exceptionally important set is that some of the illustrations, so critical to a work of this nature, are poorly reproduced. The volume specific authors and titles are: 3989a. 1. Descamps, Franoise. La Loma Grande y la Plaza de Santo Domingo. 80 p. 3989b. 2. Van Aerschot, Suzanne. El Convento de Santo Domingo y su entorno. 73 p. 3989c. 3. Buys, Jozef. Investigacin arqueolgica en la Provincia de Pichincha. 53 p. 3989d. 4. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Arte, espacio y religiosidad en el Convento de Santo Domingo. 73 p. 3989e. 5. Alemn, Marcela; and Koen Van Balen. Puesta en valor del patrimonio arquitectnico en el Convento de Santo Domingo. 68 p. 3989f. 6. Beltrn, Juan; Petrus De Vuyst; and Marco Rosero. Conservacin del patrimonio artstico del Convento de Santo Domingo. 53 p. 3989g. 7. Olmedo, Freddy. Museo de Arte Fray Pedro Bedn. 35 p. 3990. Shaffer, Frederick W. Indian Designs from Ancient Ecuador. New York: Dover, 1979. vii, 95 p. Reproduces designs from 282 spindle whorls and decorative beads. A fascinating introduction to the ethos as well as to the artisanry and iconography of the pre-Hispanic cultures of the central-south coast. Also published in Spanish as: Motivos indgenas del antiguo Ecuador (Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985).

3991. Siles C., Ligia; and Guillero Torres. Causaimanta salasacacunapac churana. Quito: Ediciones IADAP, 1989. 74 p. A study of the arts, dress, and material culture of the Salasacas. 3992. Simposio de Historia del Arte Ecuatoriano (1: 1993: Quito). Artes acadmicas y populares del Ecuador, Alexandra Kennedy Troya, ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1995. xviii, 177 p. Publishes the Memorias del I Simposio de Historia del Arte Ecuatoriano: Encuentros y desencuentros entre las artes acadmicas y populares en el Ecuador. Quito, 16-19 de noviembre de 1993. Congreso Ecuatoriano de Historia, Universidad Andina Simn Bolvar, Subsede Quito. Contents: Juan Martnez Borrero, Presentacin (p. ix-x); Alexandra Kennedy Troya, Introduccin (p. xi-xv); Fernando Tinajero, Cultura popular y cultura acadmica: un problema mal planteado (p. 1-11); Gloria Mara Garzn M., Situacin de los talleres, gremios y artesanos: Quito siglo XVIII (p. 13-24); Magdalena Gallegos de Donoso, Comentario (p. 2530); Alexandra Kennedy Troya, Comentario: los artesanos agremiados de la ciudad y los otros? (p. 31-35); Juan Castro y Velzquez, El arte popular en el siglo XIX: una aproximacin (p. 37-50); Ximena Carceln, Comentario (p. 51-55); Ivn Cruz Cevallos, Comentario (p. 56-58); Evelia Peralta, Arquitectura popular y arquitectura acadmica en Quito: fines del siglo XIX y mediados del siglo XX (p. 59-83); Rubn Moreira, Comentario (p. 84-88); Alfonso Ortiz Crespo, Comentario (p. 89-92); Pablo Lee Tsui, Persistencia y cambio en la arquitectura de Guayaquil (p. 93-107); Jos L. Guerra U., Comentario (p. 108-112); Alfredo Ochoa, Comentario (p. 113-114); Juan Martnez Borrero, Artesana y arte popular, sector en crisis (p. 115-133); Diego Jaramillo P., Comentario (p. 134-137); Marcelo Naranjo, Comentario (p. 138-141); Trinidad Prez, La apropriacin de lo indgena popular en el arte ecuatoriano en el primer cuarto de siglo: Camilo Egas (1915-1923) (p. 143-160); Lenn Oa, Comentario (p. 161-164); Carlos Rojas Reyes, Comentario (p. 165-166); Cecilia Surez Moreno, Aproximaciones y distancias de lo culto y lo popular (p. 167-174). 3993. Sjman, Lena. Las alfareras de Jatumpamba: exposicin, Museo de Arte Moderno, Cuenca, 5 al 29 de abril, 1989 [y] Sala de Exposiciones CCE, Ncleo del Caar, Azogues, 10 de mayo al 2 de junio, 1989. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1989. 43 p. 3994. Sols Guerrero, Mario. Situacin actual de la arquitectura ecuatoriana y su proyeccin futura, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 361-369. 3995. Stierlin, Henri. LEquateur, berceau de lart du Nouveau-Monde, Oeil, 339 (oct. 1983), 22-27. A study of the art of the peoples of Valdivia, especially as manifest in ceramics found at Real Alto. 3996. Tarquino Len, Jos. Artistas y artesanos de Azuay. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1969. viii, 142 p. 3997. Tejada, Leonardo. Panorama del arte ecuatoriano, Filosofa, letras y ciencias de la educacin (Quito), 3:8 (1950), 121-133.

3998. Teora del arte en el Ecuador, estudio introductorio de Edmundo Ribadeneira y seleccin de Arturo A. Roig. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 476 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 31) 3999. I Tesori della terra di Atahualpa: Ecuador dalla preistoria agli Inca, 1 ed. Venezia: Centro di Cultura di Palazzo Grassi, 1982. 192 p. The catalog of an exhibition of 632 objects of pre-Hispanic art held at the Centro di Cultura, Palazzo Grassi in Venice in 1982. The illustrations, mostly in color, are well reproduced. Includes an introduction to the prehistory of Ecuador by Jorge G. Marcos and what appears to be the late Presley Nortons only comprehensive statement on the seagoing traders of the littoral. 4000. Tesoros de Quito, Carlos de la Torre Reyes [et al.], 1 ed. Bogot: El Sello Edit., 1990. 142 p. Features religious monuments of the capital and their artistic treasures in well reproduced color plates. Includes an informative text by de la Torre Reyes and passages from the writings of Navarro and Vargas. Also published in English as: Treasures of Quito. 4001. Testimonio plstico del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. 112 p. The catalog of an exposition of contemporary artists. 4002. Vaca, Agustn J. La Sala Capitular de San Agustn de Quito, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 144-159. 4003. Vacas Gmez, Humberto. Panorama y sntesis de la pintura ecuatoriana, Revista de Indias, 28:89 (mayo 1946), 233-249. 4004. Valdez, Francisco. Symbols, Ideology, and the Expression of Power in La Tolita, Ecuador, The Ancient Americas: Art from Sacred Landscapes, Richard Townsend, general editor (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago; Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1992), p. 229-243. 4005. Vaquero Dvila, Jess. El arte en la poca de la colonia: Gorvar y otros artistas, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, 1 (jun. 1939), 241-278. 4006. Vargas, Jos Mara. El arte ecuatoriano. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1960. 581 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [2]) A history of the arts in Ecuador, especially in and around Quito. Also the most detailed as well as complete account thereof prior to the appearance of the Historia del arte ecuatoriano (item 3854) in the preparation and production of which Vargas played a major role. 4007. Vargas, Jos Mara. El arte ecuatoriano en el siglo XIX, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 349-420. 4008. Vargas, Jos Mara. Arte quiteo colonial. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1944. 346, lxxxv p. Relatively well organized and informative. Reprints Manuel de Samaniegos Tratado de pintura (p. 255-336)-- a useful source on the tradition and craft of painting. Includes much documentation (new at the time), usually, however, without references. Indexed with ample illustrations.

4009. Vargas, Jos Mara. El arte quiteo en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1949. 238 p. A popular, hurriedly done study. 4010. Vargas, Jos Mara. Arte religioso ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. xxiv, 250 p. A study of religious painting and sculpture of the colonial period. The works are treated by iconographic groups, Christ and the Trinity, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and various saints and angels. 4011. Vargas, Jos Mara. El arte religioso en Cuenca. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1967. vii, 74 p. 4012. Vargas, Jos Mara. Las artes en Quito en el siglo XVI, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 166-178. 4013. Vargas, Jos Mara. El barroco en el arte quiteo, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 303-317. 4014. Vargas, Jos Mara. Convento de la Compaa de Jess. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, [1967]. 28 p. 4015. Vargas, Jos Mara. Convento de la Merced. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, [1967]. 24 p. 4016. Vargas, Jos Mara. Convento de San Agustn. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, [1967]. 30 p. 4017. Vargas, Jos Mara. Convento de San Francisco de Quito. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, [1967]. 42 p. 4018. Vargas, Jos Mara. Convento de Santo Domingo de Guzmn. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, [1967]. 53 p. 4019. Vargas, Jos Mara. Ecuador, monumentos histricos y arqueolgicos. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1953. 144 p. 4020. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia del arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1964. 284 p. Surveys the sixteenth through the twentieth century. The seventy-four black-and-white illustrations are badly reproduced. 4021. Vargas, Jos Mara. Liturgia y arte religioso ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1965. 112 p 4022. Vargas, Jos Mara. Los maestros del arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1955. 151 p. Focuses on eight prominent painters and sculptors of the colonial and early-national periods.

4023. Vargas, Jos Mara. Manuel de Samaniego y su Tratado de pintura. Quito. Edit. Santo Domingo, 1975. 124 p. Includes Samaniegos Tratado de pintura and many illustrations. The latter are not well reproduced, however. 4024. Vargas, Jos Mara. Mara en el arte ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1954. 210 p. 4025. Vargas, Jos Mara. Miguel de Santiago y su pintura. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1957. 68 p. Originally published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 43-60. Father Vargass discurso de ingreso into the Academia Nacional de Historia. Emphasizes Santiagos paintings on the life of St. Augustine, done under the patronage of Father Basilio de Ribera--with escutcheons of noble quiteos beneath each painting. 4026. Vargas, Jos Mara. Patrimonio artstico ecuatoriano, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1972. x, 473 p. 4027. Vargas, Jos Mara. Los pintores quiteos del siglo XIX. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1971. 67 p. The artists treated include Antonio Salas, Luis Codena, Juan Minosalvas, and Joaqun Pinto. Vargas examines such themes as genre, historical and mythological subjects, landscapes, etc. The illustrations, unfortunately, are poorly reproduced. 4028. Vsquez Hahn, Mara Antonieta. El Palacio de la Exposicin, 1909-1989. Quito: Presidencia de la Repblica; Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1989. 146 p. 4029. Vega, Carmen A. El pase del nio en Cuenca: concurso-exposicin en cermica, Museo de las Conceptas, Cuenca, 22 de diciembre, 1988-18 de enero, 1989. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet: Museo del Monasterio de las Conceptas, 1988. 46 p. 4030. Vieira V., Len. Estudios arquitectnicos: la Catedral, el Palacio Municipal, el Reloj Pblico, la Merced, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 1983. 169 p. 4031. Villacs Molina, Rodrigo. Productores y consumidores de arte en el Ecuador, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 351-357. 4032. Villass Gallo, Gino. Patrimonio artstico religioso de la ciudad de Latacunga y de la Provincia de Cotopaxi. Quito: Libri Mundi, 1986. 138 p. A comprehensive survey of the religious art and architecture of Latacunga and the Province of Cotopaxi. Unfortunately the illustrations are not well reproduced. 4033. Villass Verdesoto, Eduardo. Grabados sobre el Ecuador en el siglo XIX: le tour du monde. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1981. 150 p. 4034. Viteri, Oswaldo. Viteri, [responsable: Marco Antonio Rodrguez]. Quito: Pintores Ecuatorianos, 1985. 189 p.

4035. Vivanco, Carlos A. El Palacio de la Real Audiencia de Quito en 1779, Museo Histrico, 7:21 (1955), 50-71. 4036. Whitten, Dorothea S. Ancient Tradition in a Contemporary Context: Canelos Quichua Ceramics and Symbolism, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 749-775. An essay on Puyo and the Puyo Runa or Canelos Quichua of Puyo as well as on the techniques Canelos Quichua women employ to make pottery and the significance of the symbols with which they decorate their work. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. 4037. Whitten, Dorothea S.; and Norman E. Whitten, Jr. Cermica y simbolismo del centro Oriente ecuatoriano, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 120-135. 4038. Whitten, Dorothea S.; and Norman E. Whitten, Jr. Ceramics of the Canelos Quichua, Natural History, 87:8 (Oct. 1980), 90-99. 4039. Whitten, Dorothea S.; and Norman E. Whitten, Jr. From Myth to Creation: Art from Amazonian Ecuador. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. 64 p. A detailed study of the ceramic and other art of the Canelos Quichua. Well illustrated. Prepared in conjunction with an exhibition of the artwork of the Canelos Quichua. 4040. Whitten, Norman E., Jr.; and Dorothea S. Whitten. Arte, cultura y poder de los Canelos Quichua de la Amazonia ecuatoriana. Quito: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, Departamento de Etnografa, 1987. 43 p. Cover title: Causaunchimi! Items 4036-4040 are studies of the ceramic and other materials arts of the Canelos Quichua. 4041. Wilbert, Johannes. The Thread of Life: Symbolism of Miniature Art from Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1974. 112 p. 4042. Wurster, Wolfgang W. Aportes sobre la arquitectura de haciendas coloniales del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977), 61-102. A sophisticated study of the architecture of five haciendas (in the outskirts of Quito) dating from the colonial period. 4043. Wurster, Wolfgang W. Representaciones arquitectnicas del Ecuador prehispnico, Memorias del Primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa (item 603), p. 61-116. A study of ornamentation on pottery models of prehispanic houses. 4044. Ycaza Gmez, Miguel de. Manuel Rendn. Guayaquil: E. Albn, 1978. 172 p. 4045. Zeas S., Pedro; and Marco Flores E. Hacia el conocimiento de la arquitectura rural andina: caso alta montaa Caar. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1982. vi, 311 p.

SCIENCE

Although the Geodesic Expedition of 1735-1744 has elicited and undoubtedly will continue to elicit numerous studies, other scientific expeditions to Ecuador had yet to receive adequate attention, at least as of the late 1990s. The history of interest in and teaching of the scientific disciplines in Ecuador, with the exception of botany, also remained and perhaps still remains virgin territory for the most part. But at least the virtually forgotten but nonetheless important Flora Huayaquilensis (item 4093) had been rescued from quasi-oblivion by the late Eduardo Estrella. Estrella, together with Juan Pimentel Igea and Mara Dolores Higueras Rodrguez, was also instrumental in the publication of Antonio Pineda Ramrezs Trabajos zoolgicos, geolgicos, qumicos y fsicos en Guayaquil, vol. 8 of La Expedicin Malaspina (Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, 1996). In addition to the works listed below on the earth measuring expedition of the mid-eighteenth century, see: Florence Trystram. Le procs des toiles: rcit de la prestigieuse expdition de trois savants franais en Amrique du Sud et des aventures qui s'ensuivirent (1735-1771). Paris: Payot, 1993. 286 p.

4046. Acosta Sols, Misael. Cientficos alemanes que han contribuido a la geografa e historia natural del Ecuador, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 135-203. 4047. Acosta Sols, Misael. Humboldt y la naturaleza ecuatoriana, Flora: revista tropandina de ciencias naturales y biolgicas, 12:41/46 (1969), 13-87. 4048. Acosta Sols, Misael. Investigadores de la geografa y la naturaleza de Amrica tropical: viajeros, cronistas e investigadores con especial referencia al Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1976. 201 p. 4049. Acosta Sols, Misael. Naturalistas y viajeros cientficos que han contribuido al conocimiento florstico y fitogeogrfico del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1968. 138 p. Items 4048 and 4049 are useful reference works. Although they overlap in coverage, item 4048 is broader in coverage than 4049. Item 4048 covers naturalists and other scientific travelers in general whereas item 4049 focuses primarily on botanists. 4050. Acosta Sols, Misael. Observaciones fitogeogrficas: Humboldt y Bonpland, Flora: revista tropandina de ciencias naturales y biolgicas, 12:41/46 (1969), 89-165. 4051. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Maldonado y la misin geodsica, Boletn del Instituto Nacional Meja, 3:31 (mayo/jun. 1936), 82-95. 4052. Barreiro, Agustn Jess. Historia de la Comisin Cientfica del Pacfico (1862 1865). Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, 1926. xvi, 525 p. On the activities of the Commission in Ecuador see p. 229-302. See also Marcos Jimnez de la Espadas Diario de la expedicin al Pacfico, llevada cabo por una comisin de naturalistas espaoles durante los aos 1862-1865. Madrid: Impr. del Patronato de Hurfanos de Intendencia Intervencin Militares, 1928. 257 p. (Publicaciones de la Real Sociedad Geogrfica Real Sociedad Geogrfica)

4053. Bateman, Alfred D. La lpida de Cuenca, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 62:711 (oct./dic.1975), 603-612. 4054. Bermeo, Antonio. La primera misin geodsica venida al Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. Francisco Mara Roca, 1958. 200 p. A factual, well documented account of the Geodesic Expedition of 1735-1744. 4055. Borja, Hugo. Las ciencias fsicas y naturales en la Repblica del Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 189-210. Revised and expanded under the same title and as El Archipilago de Coln, Galpagos, in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 179-193 and 193-201. 4056. Chiriboga N., Angel Isaac. Las misiones cientficas francesas en el Ecuador (17351744), (1899-1906); El general Georges Perrier, de la segunda misin en el Instituto Geogrfico de Francia. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1936. 46 p. 4057. Erikson, Robert Finn. The French Academy of Sciences Expedition to Spanish America, 1735-1744. 1955. vii, 343 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. 4058. Estrella, Eduardo. La expedicin Malaspina en Guayaquil: estudios de historia natural, Malaspina 92: I jornadas internacionales Madrid-Cdiz-La Corua, 17-25 de septiembre de 1992, edicin y coordinacin, Mercedes Palau Baquero, Antonio Orozco Acuaviva (Cdiz: Real Academia Hispano-Americana, 1994), p. 67-74. 4059. Estrella, Eduardo; Jorge Nez Snchez; and Jorge Salvador Lara. Flora Huayaquilensis: la expedicin botnica de Juan Tafalla a la Real Audiencia de Quito, 17991808. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Centro Cultural Artes, 1991. 103 p. A set of essays on Tafalla and the Flora Huayaquilensis, for the text of which and accompanying illustrations see item 4093. Contents: Eduardo Estrella, La expedicin de Juan Tafalla y la Flora Huayaquilensis (p. 11-42); Eduardo Estrella, La naturaleza americana y las expediciones botnicas espaolas del siglo XVIII (p. 43-78); Jorge Nez Snchez, El presidente Carondelet (p. 79-91); Jorge Salvador Lara, Juan Tafalla y la Flora Huayaquilensis (p. 93-103). 4060. Favre, Andrien. El viaje de La Condamine y los orgenes del sistema mtrico, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 6:22/24 (abr./oct. 1929), 149-162. 4061. Gallegos Ortiz, Emilio. Francisco Jos de Caldas: nuestra deuda con este eminente cientfico y mrtir, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:38 (1967), 190-206. 4062. Gmez E., Nelson. La misin geodsica y la cultura de Quito. Quito: Ediguas C. Ltda., 1987. 122, 28, [4] p. 4063. Goodman, Edward J. The Explorers of South America. New York: Macmillan, 1972. viii, 408 p. Of particular interest insofar as Ecuador is concerned are parts three and four, The Early Scientist-Explorers and The Great Age of Scientific Exploration.

4064. Jameson, William. Synopsis plantarum aequatoriensium: exhibens plantas praecipue in regione temperata et frigida crescentes ... Quito: Typis J.P. Sanz, 1865. 3 v. Projected to have been a six vol. set, only vols. 1-2, part of 3, and 6 were published. Based on several decades of field research. See also items 6169-6170. Reprinted: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1940. 536 p. Also reproduced on microfiche except for the partial vol. 3: Tumba, Sweden: International Documentation Centre, [1971?]. 4065. Judde, Gabriel. Jean-Baptiste-Washington de Mendeville: primer cnsul francs en el Ecuador, y la restauracin de las pirmides de Carburo y Oyambaro, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 73:155/156 (1990), 51-75. 4066. Keeding, Ekkehart. Las ciencias naturales en la antigua Audiencia de Quito: el sistema copernicano y las leyes newtonianas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:122 (jul./dic. 1973), 43-67. 4067. La Condamine, Charles Marie de. Historia de las pirmides de Quito: levantados por los acadmicos franceses enviados al Ecuador por orden del Rey, 1751. Quito: Instituto Nacional Meja, 1936. 81 p. See also items 7229, 7230, 7329-7332, 7339, and 7340 for other accounts and results of the Geodesic Expedition of 1735-1744 by various members of the Expedition, including La Condamine himself. 4068. La Condamine y la expedicin de los acadmicos franceses al Ecuador, 250 aniversario 1735-1985: actas del Coloquio Internacional de Paris La Condamine. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia; Nanterre: Universidad Paris X, 1987. 119 p. Partial Contents: Plutarco Naranjo, Aspectos menos conocidos de los resultados de la expedicin francesa en Ecuador; Gabriel Judde, Recherches sur Joseph de Jussieu botaniste (et mdecin) de lespedition La Condamine (1735-1765); Daro Lara, Lamiti de deux hommes de science: Charles-Marie de La Condamine et Pedro Vicente Maldonado, et lorigine de lamiti de deux peuples; Jorge Salvador Lara, La Biblioteca americana de don Antonio de Alcedo y Bejarano y la expedicin de los acadmicos franceses. 4069. Lafuente, Antonio. Una ciencia para el Estado: la expedicin geodsica hispanofrancesa al Virreinato del Per, 1734-1743, Revista de Indias, 43:172 (jul./dic. 1983), 549-629. 4070. Lafuente, Antonio. Orto y ocaso de la polmica sobre la figura de la tierra, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 93-103. 4071. Lafuente, Antonio; and Antonio J. Delgado. La geometriacin de la tierra: observaciones y resultados de la expedicin geodsica hispano-francesa al Virreinato del Per (1735-1744). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Instituto Arnau de Vilanova, 1984. 275 p. 4072. Lafuente, Antonio; and Antonio Mazuecos. Los caballeros del punto fijo: ciencia, poltica y aventura en la expedicin geodsica hispanofrancesa al Virreinato del Per en el siglo XVIII, la ed. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 1987. 256 p.

Items 4071 and 4072 are detailed, scholarly studies of the Geodesic Expedition of 1735-1744, and of their members. Not likely to be superseded. Item 4072 also published in an Ecuadorian edition: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 4073. Madulid, D.A. The Life and Work of Luis Ne, Botanist of the Malaspina Expedition, Archives of Natural History, 16:1 (Feb. 1989), 33-48. Elucidates the career of one of the lesser known members of the Expedition. 4074. Martnez, Eduardo Nalo. El teniente Perrier y el Carchi, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:153/154 (1989), 385-396. George Perrier was a member of the Segunda Misin Geodsica Francesa of 1899-1906, as was the better known Paul Rivet. 4075. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Bicentenario de una comisin cientfica, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 200-233. 4076. Meja, Jos. Jos Meja, primer botnico ecuatoriano, [estudio introductorio y edicin de] Eduardo Estrella, 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1988. 99 p. Publishes with an introduction by Estrella seven letters of Meja, six for the first time, and his heretofore unknown Plantas quiteas. 4077. Menten, Juan B. Breve relacin sobre la expedicin de los acadmicos franceses. Quito, 1875. 32 p. 4078. Menten, Juan B. Historia y descripcin del Observatorio Astronmico de Quito. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1877. 18 p. Menten was the first director of the National Observatory. 4079. Miller, Robert Ryal. For Science and National Glory: The Spanish Scientific Expedition to America, 1868. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1968. xiv, 194 p. Ecuador was a major part of the agenda of this expedition. Four of its principal members, including Jimnez de la Espada, spent two years there. The Spanish edition, Por la ciencia y la gloria nacional: la expedicin espaola a Amrica (1862-1866) (Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1983; 256 p.) reproduces many of the drawings made and photographs taken during the expedition. 4080. Muoz, Jos E . La primera expedicin cientfica espaola del siglo XVIII, Anales de la Universidad Central, 86:341 (1957), 365-384. 4081. Naranjo, Plutarco. Una visin panormica del desarrollo de las ciencias en el Ecuador, Amrica (Quito), 47:112 (abr. 1981), 47-60. Also published in: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 9/10 (1983), 119-124; and as a separate: Quito: [s.n., 1985]. 60 p. 4082. Olivares, Pierre. La roca equinoccial de Punta Palmar, grabada por La Condamine, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:153/154 (1989), 154-163.

4083. Paredes, Domingo. La influencia de la Misin Geodsica en el desarrollo de las ciencias en la Real Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 72:153/154 (1989), 309-324. 4084. Pazmio D., Galo. Breve historia del desarrollo de las matemticas en el Ecuador, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 4:44 (ene./feb. 1952), 471-493. 4085. Perrier, Georges. La mission franais de lquateur. Paris: Impr. F. Leve, 1907. 39 p. 4086. Ponce Ribadeneira, Alfredo. Los trabajos cientficos de Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa en la Real Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:124 (jul./dic. 1974), 336-344. 4087. Renner, Susanne Sabine. A History of Botanical Exploration in Amazonian Ecuador, 1739-1988. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993. iii, 39 p. (Smithsonian Contributions to Botany; no. 82) Includes a detailed list of collectors, organized alphabetically, and a useful bibliography. 4088. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Apuntes para la historia de las ciencias en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1978-1980. 2 v. 4089. Schmidt, Gunter. La poltica de desarrollo cientfico y tecnolgico: una sntesis con especial referencia a la situacin en el Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: ILDIS: CONACYT, 1982. 35 p. 4090. Scientific Institutions and Scientists of Ecuador = Instituciones cientficas y cientficos del Ecuador. Montevideo: UNESCO, Science Cooperation Office for Latin America, 1964. vii, 186 p. 4091. Smith, Anthony. Explorers of the Amazon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990. 344 p. An unabashedly popular account. Includes chapters on Orellana, La Condamine, the Godin des Odonais (husband and wife), and Spruce. Goodman (item 4063) is preferable. 4092. Smith, James R. From Plane to Spheroid: Determining the Figure of the Earth from 3000 B.C. to the 18th Century Lapland and Peruvian Survey Expeditions. Rancho Cordova, CA.: Landmark Enterprises, 1986. xii, 219 p. 4093. Tafalla, Juan Jos. Flora Huayaquilensis: sive descriptiones et icones plantarum huayaquilensium secundum systema linnaeanum digestae. Matritii [i.e., Madrid]: Instituto ad Conservandam Naturam (ICONA, M.A.P.A.); Horto Regio Matritense, 1989. 2 v. in 1 case (cvi, 283, ccv p.) Publishes the results of the royal botanical expedition to the coast and the southern highlands, undertaken between 1799 and 1808. Although not altogether forgotten, the findings of this expedition were previously unknown for the most part. The title and botanical descriptions are in Latin; the text is in Spanish. The members of the expeditions and coauthors of the Flora Huayaquilensis--regardless of what any cataloger has to say--were Tafalla, Tafallas colleague, Juan Agustn Manzanilla, a fellow botanist, and the illustrators or painters Xavier Corts, a quiteo and therefore the only local member of the Expedition, and Jos Gabriel Rivera, a Peruvian. The extant illustrations (217), as found by Estrella in the Archivo del (Real) Jardn

Botnico, are reproduced in facsimile and in color. Includes a historical introduction and annotations by Eduardo Estrella, the latter of which was reprinted in item 4059. See also the so called 2a ed.: La Flora Huayaquilensis de Juan Tafalla: crnica e iconografa de una expedicin silenciada (1779-1808). Guayaquil: Banco del Progreso; Jardn Botnica de Guayaquil, 1995. 323 p. N.B. The latter is a revised and augmented edition just of Estrellas history of the expedition and reprints only 52 plates with abbreviated text from the Flora Huayquilensis. 4094. Tufio, Luis G. Datos histricos y monografa del Observatorio Astronmico y Meteorolgico de Quito. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1913. 41 p. 4095. Varea, Anamara; Ana Mara Maldonado; and Carmen Barrera. Directorio verde: organismos ambientalistas en el Ecuador. Quito: Comit Ecumenico de Proyectos; Bonn, Alemania: Central Evanglica de Ayuda al Desarrollo, 1993. 187 p. 4096. Vargas, Jos Mara. Contribucin ecuatoriana a los estudios cientficos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 162-179. Also published as chap. 12 of Vargass Historia de la cultura ecuatoriana (item 3758). 4097. Vega Toral, Toms. La expedicin de los acadmicos franceses al Ecuador, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 29 (oct. 1937), 43-67. 4098. Vlez Valarezo, Sergio. Cultura, ciencia y tecnologa en el Ecuador: reflexiones sobre el presente y futuro. Quito: CIPAD-Publicaciones Tercer Mundo, 1988. 181 p. 4099. Villalba F., Jorge. Los primeros ingenieros ecuatorianos su labor por el pas, Quitumbe, 2:2 (jun. 1972), 7-40. 4100. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. South America Called Them: Explorations of the Great Naturalists La Condamine, Humboldt, Darwin, Spruce. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1955. xii, 311, ix p. A good read, but then so is Goodman (item 4063) who is far more reliable. 4101. Wakefield, Celia. Searching for Isabel Godin, lst ed. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1995. 200 p. A popular account of the Mission godsique or earth measuring expedition of 1736 and of Isabel Godins 1769 trek from her native Riobamba to the mouth of the Amazon to rejoin her husband, whom she had not seen in 20 years. An enjoyable read but marred by inadequate research and a cluttering of the past with litter of the present. 4102. Ziga, Neptal. La expedicin cientfica de Francia del siglo XVIII en la Presidencia de Quito. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1977. 120 p. A highly factual, well researched account.

EDUCATION

4103. Acua Labraa, Lus. Gesellschaft, Entwicklung und Bildungssystem in Ekuador: Eine sozio-politishce Untersuchung vergschiedeher Entwicklungsstils. Freiburg: Hochschulverlag, 1985. xi, 333 p. A history of education in Ecuador. 4104. Agona de la educacin media, Ernesto Albn [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1990. 286 p. 4105. Ailln Tamayo, Carlos. Una obra trascendental de don Eloy Alfaro: sntesis histrica del Normal Juan Montalvo, Educacin (Quito), 117 (jun. 1942), 52-83. 4106. Ailln Tamayo, Zoila. La escuela ecuatoriana frente al problema de la cultura indgena. Quito: [s.n.], 1935. 95 p. 4107. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. El Colegio de los Sagrados Corazones de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1963. 261 p. 4108. Alemn, Hugo. Trnsito de generaciones: el Instituto Nacional Meja: medio siglo de educacin democrtica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947. 271 p. A history of the Colegio / Instituto Nacional Meja (Quito). 4109. La Alfabetizacin en el Ecuador: aplicacin de la metodologa reflexivo-crtica. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Socioeconmicas y Tecnolgicas, 1985. 147 p. 4110. Aloma Llor, Antonio. Ojeada sobre la instruccin pblica en el Ecuador, Boletn de estadstica, Ministerio de Instruccin Pblica, Correos, Telgrafos, Telfonos, Oriente, Fomento Estadstico y Agricultura (Quito, 1910), 14-160. A quantitative study of education in the 1830s and 1840s. Includes considerable population data from the mid and late 1800s. 4111. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Algunas ideas sobre la educacin, 2 ed. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1915. x, 366 p. 4112. Antologa pedaggica ecuatoriana, Emilio Uzctegui. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1984. 545, [6] p. 4113. Arguello, Fanny M. Adult Literacy Campaigns in a Multilingual Country: Official vs. Indigenous Languages, Languages in the International Perspective: Proceedings of the 5th Delaware Symposium on Language Studies, October 1983, the University of Delaware, Nancy Schweda-Nicholson, editor (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1986), p. 41-55. 4114. Armijo Surez, Julio. La educacin y sus problemas en el Ecuador. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1952. 46 p. 4115. Ayn de Messner, Digna. Trayectoria histrica y cultural de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1867-1967, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1967. 355 p. 4116. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. La educacin especial en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Guayas, 1982. 288 p.

4117. Benalczar, Csar Augusto. El proceso alfabetizador en Ecuador, 1944-1989, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1989. 358 p. 4118. Bilbao, Luis Fernando. Economa y educacin en el Ecuador a partir de 1960. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1980. 263 p. 4119. Bravo Gonzlez, Luis R. La pedagoga de Espejo. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1967. 115 p. 4120. Burbano Martnez, Hctor. La educacin y el desarrollo econmico y social del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 189 p. 4121. Burneo Jaramillo, Csar Augusto. El reto de la educacin primaria para las comunidades quechua-hablantes de la sierra ecuatoriana. Loja: Universidad Nacional de Loja, 1982. xii, 140 p. 4122. Camacho Santos, Efran. Discursos parlamentarios, documentos oficiales y escritos periodsticos por la enseanza particular en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1952. 64 p. 4123. Campos, Pedro de. Manifiesto juridico, y relativo, que hace la Religion de la Compaia de Jesus de la Provincia de Quito, por su procurador general Pedro de Campos, de la misma compaia: tocante la inquietud, que ha pedecido el Colegio Mayor, Real, y Seminario de San Luis de dicha ciudad, que corre cargo, y origen que tuvo: de sus autores, y motivos; y de las remissas providencias sus recursos, y de la ninguna execucion de ellas para su remedio, haciendo inexcusable la religion el empeo de tolerar su desayre, y el triunfo de remover al rector de este collegio, que consigui la pueril commocion por la sujestion, que padeci, cuyo remedo, para lo futuro, solicita la Compaia de Jesus de la Provincia de Quito, puesta con la sumision debida las reales plantas de V. Mag. [Madrid: s.n., 1732?] 25 leaves. Campos himself was the rector removado. 4124. La Capacitacin tcnica en el Ecuador, Alain Dubly [et al.]. Quito: INEDES, Instituto Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo Social, 1972. 119 p. 4125. Crdenas, Jos Elas. Laberinto con salida: problemas y perspectivas de la educacin primaria y media, 1 ed. Quito: Abrapalabra, 1990. 136 p. 4126. Carpenter, Lawrence Kidd. Social Stratification and Implications for Bilingual Education: An Ecuadorian Example, Bilingualism: Social Issues and Policy Implications, Andrew J. Miracle, Jr., editor (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1983), p. 96-106. 4127. Carrera Crdenas, Jaime. La remuneracin de los maestros: una lacerante realidad, 1980-1989. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1990. 46 p. 4128. Carrin Guzmn, Jorge. El Colegio Borja en el corazn de Cuenca a travs de los aos. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1982. 113 p. 4129. Casares L., Jorge. Homenaje a la Universidad Central en el sesquicentenario de su fundacin. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1976. 119 p.

4130. Castelnuovo, Allan; and German Creamer. La desarticulacin del mundo andino: dos estudios sobre educacin y salud, 1 ed. Quito: Dpto. de Sociologa, PUCE-Q; Ediciones AbyaYala, 1987. 260 p. Two well done studies, both of which employ an interdisciplinary approach. The first examines the role of the school among Indians of the highlands in promoting cultural change and the concomitant conflict with ethnic identity. The second explores the relationship between internal migration and health. 4131. Castillo Vlez, Othon. Los primeros: contribucin al estudio de la historia de la pedagoga ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1940. 50 p. 4132. Ceinos Manzano, Mara Jess. El origen de los colegios jesuitas de la provincia quitense y su incidencia en la educacin, Estudios de historia social y econmica de Amrica, 11 (1994), 231-237. Includes some new data from the Archivo Histrico de la Provincia de Toledo de la Compaa de Jess on the early history of Jesuit schools in the orders Province of Quito. 4133. Cevallos A., Gusta. Breve resumen histrico de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Central, Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Mdicas (Quito), 1:1 (nov. 1969), 204216. 4134. Colegio Seminario San Diego (Ibarra, Ecuador). Sesquicentenario. Ibarra: Colegio Seminario San Diego, 1978. 88 p. 4135. Congreso de la Federacin de Estudiantes Universitarios del Ecuador (24: 1968: Cuenca, Ecuador). F.E.U.E. Quito: La Directiva Nacional, 1969. 529 p. Cover title: 25 aos FEUE. 4136. Cooper, Jed Arthur. The School in Otavalo Indian Society. Tucson: Panguitch Publications, 1965. ix, 80 p. Publishes the authors Ph.D. thesis: The Role of the School in Otavalo Indian Society. 1965. George Peabody College for Teachers. viii, 115, 3, 9 leaves. 4137. Cornejo Rosales, Jorge. La Universidad Central: sntesis histrica. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1949. 54 p. 4138. Corrales Pascual, Manuel. La educacin como agente del desarrollo: el caso ecuatoriano, Desarrollo y cambio socio-econmico en el Ecuador (Quito: Centro Andino de Estudios e Investigaciones, 1979), p. 203-232. 4139. Costalles Cevallos, Alfredo. Vicisitudes de la segunda enseanza en la ciudad de Riobamba, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 2:2 (abr. 1954), 4152. 4140. Cuesta V., Agustn. El Colegio Nacional de Cuenca: sus orgenes y sus rectores. Cuenca: Colegio Nacional Benigno Malo, 1922. 21 p. 4141. Chacn, Jorge. Educacin para la vida pblica: conferencias y artculos de prensa. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1963. 188 p.

4142. Chacn Padilla, Gerardo. Educacin popular y libertad, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1988. 104 p. A study of adult, continuing, and vocational education. 4143. Chvez, Ligdano. Educacin y nacionalidad. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 141 p. A prize winning essay on the role of elementary education in the formation of national culture and nationalism. 4144. Datos referentes a don Simn Rodrguez a su paso por el Colegio Vicente Len de Latacunga, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:97 (ene./jun. 1961), 20-30. 4145. De la Torre, Carlos H. La Escuela Militar de Quito en los cien aos de la repblica, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 275-288. 4146. Destruge, Camilo. La instruccin pblica en la independencia, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:24 (feb. 1912), 379-399. 4147. Destruge, Camilo. Rocafuerte y la instruccin pblica. Guayaquil: Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte, 1902. 18 p. 4148. Dilworth, D.W.; and Louisa R. Stark. Bilingual Education in the Highlands of Ecuador, Linguistic Reporter, 17:2 (Feb.1975), 3-5. 4149. Directorio de instituciones con proyectos de comunicacin y educacin popular en Ecuador. Quito: CIESPAL, 1988. 151 p. 4150. Documentos coloniales para el conocimiento de la instruccin en la Audiencia de Quito, [recopilados y transcritos por] Rafael Euclides Silva, Anales del Archivo Nacional de Historia y Museo Unico, poca 2, 1 (1939), 152-169. 4151. Educacin bilinge intercltural en el Ecuador: informe de una investigacin sociolingstica en reas Quichua (1981-1982), Unidad Administrativa de Curricula de la Escuela Rural (MEC); Sociedad Alemana de Cooperacin Tcnica (GTZ), 2 ed. corr. y rev. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 330 p. 4152. Endara, Julio. Education in Ecuador: Philosophical Culture during the Colonial Period, Inter-America, 5:3 (Feb. 1922), 149-167. 4153. Endara, Julio. El Obispo Prez Calama y su Plan de estudios de la Real Universidad de Quito, Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional del Ecuador, nueva ser., 2/3 (1920), 66-75. 4154. Escobar, Alfonso. Pginas histricas del Colegio San Felipe Neri de la Compaa de Jess en Riobamba (Ecuador, S.A.): recuerdo del centenario 1838-1938. Riobamba: Impr. Salesiana, 1938. 254 p. 4155. La Escuela india: integracin o afirmacin tnica?: la educacin indgena vista por sus propios actores, Victor Hugo Torres, editor. Quito: COMUNIDEC, 1992. 240 p. 4156. Espinosa Tamayo, Alfredo. El problema de la enseanza en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1916. iv, 198 p.

Also published in photofacsimile reprint: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1980. 277 p. 4157. Estudio de educacin, investigacin y extensin agrcolas, 1965: Ecuador, Comit Interamericano de Desarrollo Agrcola en cooperacin con el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y la Junta Nacional de Planificacin del Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Unin Panamericana, 1965. xiii, 164 p. 4158. Etling, Arlen Wayne. Characteristics of Facilitators: the Ecuador Project and Beyond. Amherst: Center for International Education, School of Education, University of Massachusetts, 1975. xiv, 283 p. 4159. Evaluacin participativa de las escuelas indgenas de Cotopaxi, 1985-1988, 1 ed. Quito: Sistema de Escuelas Indgenas de Cotopaxi: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 155 p. 4160. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. La verdad en la creacin y en el establecimiento del Colegio Nacional de Guayaquil: desde el proyecto de 1841, hasta 1850 en que tuvo edificio propio, precedida de noticias y medidas de progreso e instruccin pblica para ciudades ecuatorianas. Lima: Libr. e Impr. E.R.V., 1964. 160 p. Emphasizes the role of Juan Jos Flores, the authors grandfather, as a promoter of education. 4161. Garcs, Enrique. Por, para y del nio. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1937. 2 v. (597 p.) A rambling essay in educational sociology. Useful, nonetheless, for scattered data on socioeconomic conditions among school age children in the 1930s. 4162. Garca Lenidas. Panorama y orientaciones de la educacin ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1951. 247 p. 4163. Garca Silva, Emilio. La Escuela de Artes y Oficios: el doctor Ernesto Albn Mestanza y su obra patritica documentada. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1929. 84 p. 4164. Germani, A. Educacin radiofnica bicultural. Suca: Escuelas Radiofnicas Biculturales Shuar, 1977. 143 p. 4165. Gilman, Robert Anthony. An Historical Case Study of a Project in Pre-employment Secondary-Level Industrial Education and Training Conducted in Ecuador by the United States Government, 1959-1966. 1969. xv, 675 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University. 4166. Gmez R., Jorge. Las misiones pedaggicas alemanas y la educacin en el Ecuador. Quito: EBI-MEC-GTZ: Abya-Yala, 1993. 184 p. 4167. Gonzlez, Clementina. La educacin en la Provincia del Azuay, 1960-1980, Revista del IDIS, 15 (jun. 1985), 121-158. 4168. Gooden, Herbert Bickling. A Causal-Comparative Approach to the Study of Secondary Education in Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Colombia, 1924-1944. 1946. v, 235 leaves. Thesis (Ed.D.)--New York University. 4169. Grases, Pedro. Las andanzas de Simn Rodrguez por Latacunga (Ecuador), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 194-199.

4170. Grijalva, Carlos A. Notas para la historia de la instruccin pblica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:5 (jun. 1921), 296-298. 4171. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Historia de la instruccin pblica en la antigua Provincia de Imbabura. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, 1947. 71 p. 4172. Guerrero Blum, Enrique. El Meja y la educacin laica en el Ecuador: hombres, hechos, ideas. Quito: Editora Espejo, 1983. 153 p. 4173. Guevara, Daro. Vicente Rocafuerte y la educacin pblica en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 268 p. 4174. Hartmann, Roswith. Apuntes histricos sobre la ctedra del quichua en Quito (siglos XVI y XVII), Boletn de la Academica Nacional e Historia, 59:127/128 (ene./dic. 1977), 20-41. 4175. Hartmann, Roswith; and Udo Oberem. Quito, un centro de educacin de indgenas en el siglo XVI Contribuies antropologia em homenagem ao profesor Egon Schaden (So Paulo: Universidade de So Paulo, 1981), p. 105-127. An exceptionally detailed study of the Colegio de San Andrs, founded by the Franciscans in 1555, whose functions were to educate and indoctrinate the sons of caciques and indios principales. San Andrs apparently played a major role in the quichuazation of the highlands. 4176. Henrquez, Guillermo. La educacin en el Cantn Paute, 1962-1982, Revista del IDIS, 20 (dic. 1988), 121-141. 4177. Heredia, Jos Flix. Algunos documentos para la historia del Colegio-Seminario de San Luis en Quito (1592-1678), Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 4:10/11 (mar./abr. 1922), 331-358. Also published as a separate: Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1922. 28 p. 4178. Hermida Piedra, Csar. La enseanza de la medicina en el Ecuador en el siglo XVIII: un marco terico, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1091-1098. 4179. Herrera, Pablo. Resea histrica de la Universidad de Quito, Anales de la Universidad de Quito, 2 (abr. 1883), 57-59; 3 (mayo 1883), 105-106; 5 (jul. 1883), 219-221; 7 (jun. 1888), 332-334. 4180. Herrera S., Jos Emilio. La Escuela y el Colegio de San Carlos y su pasado, Museo Histrico, 25 (1956), 157-161. 4181. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Escuelas y preceptores rurales del Cantn Guayaquil, 18301860, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 3:7/8 (ago. 1953), 93-112. 4182. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Historia del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte de Guayaquil, Revista del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte, 1 (dic. 1919), 5-46; 3 (mar. 1921), 3-58; 4 (jun. 1921), 3-15. Covers through 1889. 4183. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Los seminarios de San Ignacio de Loyola, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:12 (dic. 1954), 225-306.

A detailed, well documented monograph on secondary education in Guayaquil during the colonial, independence, and early national periods, beginning with the Jesuit colegio. 4184. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Crisis y reforma de la universidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1992. 71 p. 4185. Instituto Nacional Meja (Quito, Ecuador). Ochenta y siete aos al servicio del pas. Quito: Instituto Nacional Meja, 1984. 88 p. 4186. Iiguez, Samuel; and Geraro Guerrero. Rasgos histricos de la educacin indgenaquichua en el Ecuador, Pueblos indgenas y educacin (Quito), 1:1 (ene./mar. 1987), 15-53. 4187. Jaramillo, Vctor A. La obra educativa del Liberalismo, Educacin (Quito), 6:58 (ago./sept. 1931), 15-23. I have not been able to ascertain if this Vctor A. Jaramillo is Vctor Alejandro Jaramillo. 4188. Jerves, Alfonso A. La Escuela de Santo Domingo: estudio monogrfico. Quito: Impr. de La Corona de Mara, 1930. 50 p. A history of the Escuela de Santo Domingo in Quito from 1688 through 1930. 4189. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Disertacin acerca del establecimiento de la Universidad de Santo Toms y del Real Colegio de San Fernando. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1922. 75 p. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 463. 4190. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra. Del taller a la academia: educacin artstica en el siglo XIX en Ecuador, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 2 (I sem. 1992), 119-134. An original essay on the formation of artists during the early national period. Stresses the negative impact of the lack of transition from workshops to academies in the formation of artists and also of art historians. 4191. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. Vicente Rocafuerte y la educacin. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1984. 42 p. 4192. Larrea, Julio C. Cuestiones educacionales (del ambiente nacional). Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1932. 257 p. 4193. Larrea, Julio C. Historia de la educacin ecuatoriana y sus problemas actuales, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 319-324. 4194. Larrea, Julio C. Problemas de la educacin ecuatoriana. Quito: [s.n.], 1939. 268 p. 4195. Len, Luis A. Bosquejo histrico de las lenguas vernaculares del Ecuador y la educacin bilinge, Amrica indgena, 34:4 (jul./set. 1974), 745-775. 4196. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La enseanza en Quito durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, El Reino de Granada y el Nuevo Mundo: V Congreso Internacional de Historia de Amrica, mayo de 1992 (Granada: Diputacin Provincial de Granada, 1994), vol. III, p. 551-556.

A brief review of the state of education (primary, secondary, and university) in the city of Quito during the second half of the eighteenth century. Surprisingly superficial and based almost entirely on Gonzlez Surezs, in this case, superseded Historia general. It is not true, for example, that ninguna ciudad del Reino ... salvo Quito, contaba con establecimientos educativos, aparte de la enseanza elemental en algunos conventos religiosos, principalmente de la Compaa [de Jess]. 4197. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. Entre la escolstica y el despotismo ilustrado: reformismo universitario en Quito en vsperas de la independencia, La Universidad ante el quinto centenario: actas del Congreso Internacional de Universidades, organizado por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y la Universidad de Alcal de Henares en colaboracin con la Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario, Madrid, 13-16 de julio de 1992 (Madrid: Editorial Complutense, 1992), p. 193-207. A solidly researched study of late colonial attempts by Bishop Prez de Calama and President Barn de Carondelet to reform the Universidad Real de Santo Toms, the ancestor of todays Universidad Central. More informative and much better done than the preceding item. 4198. Libro del cincuentenario de los Colegios Normales Manuela Caizares y Juan Montalvo, 1901-1951. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin, 1951. 681, iv p. 4199. Llor Mosquera, Vctor. La Universidad de Cuenca: apuntes para su historia. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1968. 163 p. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 7:1 (ene./mar. 1951), 87-140. 4200. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. El fuego de Prometeo: historia y biografa del magisterio azuayo. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1967. 292 p. With special attention to the Escuela Luis Cordero and the Escuela Tres de Noviembre. 4201. Malo Gonzlez, Hernn. Aporte para esclarecer el problema de la universidad en el Ecuador, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 110-127. 4202. Mrquez, Ezequiel. El Colegio Bernardo Valdivieso, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:18 (jul./ago. 1923), 131-134. 4203. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Estela gloriosa del Azuay: relacin histrica del Liceo de la Juventud, Unin literaria (Cuenca), ser. 8, 1 (abr. 1936), 27-41; ser. 8, 2 (mayo 1936), 191-198; ser. 8, 3 (jun. 1936), 251-259. A history of the short-lived Liceo de la Juventud of Cuenca (1873-1879). 4204. Martnez, Hector Burbano. La educacin y el desarrollo econmico y social del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 189 p. 4205. Mashinkiash, Rafael. La educacin entre los Shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, [1976?]. 83 p. 4206. Mata, Humberto. El problema educacional y sus proyecciones sociales en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central, 42:267 (1929), 231-292.

4207. Merino, Jos. Mirando al maana: una educacin Shuar. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1984. 117 p. 4208. Minaya Rowe, Liliana. Sociocultural Comparison of Bilingual Education Policies and Programmes in Three Andean Countries and the United States, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 7:6 (1986), 465-477. Compares bilingual education policies and programs in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador (in that order) with those of the United States. 4209. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. La primera Escuela Politcnica del Ecuador: estudio histrico e interpretacin, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1972. xiv, 386 p. 4210. Misin Andina del Ecuador. Programa de educacin rural: plan de trabajo, escuelas de demostracin. Quito: Misin Andina del Ecuador, 1967. 48 p. 4211. Molina Correa, Gilberto. La nueva escuela ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1967. 88 p. 4212. Molina Correa, Gilberto. Ruta a la escuela: pedagoga y letras, docencia y literatura infantil. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1966. 196 p. 4213. Moncayo de Monge, Germania. La Universidad de Quito en tres siglos, 1551-1930. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1944. 241 p. A detailed history of what would become the Universidad Central del Ecuador. A basic work, indispensable for the colonial period. Also published as: La Universidad de Quito: su trayectoria en tres siglos (1555-1930), Anales de la Universidad Central, 71:319/320 (jul./dic. 1943), 191-374. 4214. Monge, Celiano. Crnica quitea: el Colegio de San Fernando y Rocafuerte, Gaceta Municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 125-134. 4215. Mora Brown, Alfonso. Crnicas para la historia del Colegio Militar, Boletn del Colegio Militar (Quito), 1:1 (1938), 64-79. 4216. Mora Brown, Alfonso. La formacin de la nacionalidad como objeto de la educacin ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1938. 53 p. 4217. Mosquera Snchez, C.; and Vctor Paredes Borja. Historia de la Facultad de Ciencias Mdicas (1827-1977). Quito: Editorial Universitaria UCE, 1977. 4218. Muoz Llerena, Csar. Trayectoria y proyecciones de la universidad. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1959. 146 p. 4219. Muoz Llerena, Csar. Valor y crisis de la universidad. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1982. 277 p. Revises and updates: Trayectoria y proyecciones de la universidad. 4220. Murgueytio, Reinaldo. Bosquejo histrico de la escuela laica ecuatoriana, 19061966. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 300 p.

4221. Murgueytio, Reinaldo. Cerro arriba y ro abajo: al de los humildes. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 343 p. Memoirs of the authors 40 years of pedagogical activity on behalf of the urban and rural poor. Quasi-autobiographical. 4222. Murgueytio, Reinaldo. Educacin de espritu indgena, Previsin Social (Quito), 14 (sept./dic. 1943), 19-45. Regarding the foundation and labors of the Instituto Indigenista del Ecuador. 4223. Murgueytio, Reinaldo. Educacin econmica: organizacin y funcionamiento de las cooperativas escolares en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1940. 97 p. 4224. Murgueytio, Reinaldo. Tierra, cultura y libertad: antecedentes para las reformas educacional, agraria y social en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1961. 223 p. 4225. Navas, Juan de Dios. Memoria histrica del Seminario de San Luis: en la poca colonial y en la repblica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 18:37/39 (ene./jun. 1936), 37-59. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. Salesiana, 1936. 23 p. 4226. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. La universidad ecuatoriana: crisis acadmica y conflicto poltico. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1992. 186 p. 4227. Paredes Vsconez, Irene. Participacin de la mujer ecuatoriana en las universidades. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1990. 126 p. Analyzes trends in enrollment by area of study between 1960 and 1986. 4228. Paredes Vsconez, Irene. La reforma educativa ecuatoriana: en el nivel medio, el ciclo bsico. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1971. 270 p. 4229. Pensamiento pedaggico ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Carlos Paladines Escudero. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 527 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 33) 4230. Pensamiento universitario ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Hernn Malo G. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, [1984?]-1988. 2 v. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 14, 32) A set of essays on universities and primary sources, mostly from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, on university activities in Quito, Cuenca, and Guayaquil. Vol. 2 was compiled and edited by Estuardo Arellano Escobar. 4231. Pereira V., Jos L. Multilingismo y educacin bilinge en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 241-255. 4232. Pereira V., Jos L. Proyecto de investigacin de las escuelas radiofnicas Shuar, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 225-235.

4233. Prez, J. Gualberto. Recuerdo histrico de la Escuela Politcnica de Quito. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1921. 15 p. 4234. Prez Calama, Jos. Apendice al Plan de estudios para la Real Universidad de Santo Toms de Quito. Quito, Impr. de Raymundo de Salazar, 1791. [ii], 52 p. Items 4235, 4234 (in that order), the Bosquejo del modo facil ..., and Tercera parte ..., for the particulars of which see below under 4235, constitute a detailed proposal by the then reigning bishop of Quito for the reform of the organization and modernization of the curriculum of the University, neither of which came to fruition. Prez Calama also donated a number of books to the Real Universidad de Santo Toms to facilitate the implementation of his new Plan of Studies. See: Indice, y minuta de los libros, que yo Joseph Prez Calama, actual obispo de esta ciudad, y obispado de San Francisco de Quito, endono con donacin absoluta irrevocable, la Real Universidad de Santo Toms de esta ciudad, para que desde el prximo curso de 91. en 92. se ponga en planta, y exercicio, el nuevo Plan de estudios ..., Bosquejo del modo facil (p. 1935). 4235. Prez Calama, Jos. Plan de estudios de la Real Universidad de Santo Toms de Quito. Quito: Impr. de Raymundo de Salazar, 1791. [xiv], 60, [1] p. In addition to the preceding item, see: Prez Calamas Bosquejo del modo facil, slido, util, y agradable, con que conviene establecer las sabatinas, o conclusiones en la Real Universidad, y en los Colegios de San Luis, y San Fernando. [Quito: Impr. de Raymundo de Salazar, 1791] 35 p. Also his: Tercera parte del Plan de estudios de la R. Universidad de Quito. Quito: Impr. de Raymundo de Salazar, 1792. [ii], 40, [I], 8, [1], [10], [19], [27] p. 4236. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Biografa y smbolo de la Universidad de Quito, Anales de la Unviersidad Central, 80:333/334 (jul./dic. 1952), 5-20. 4237. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Educacin y libertad: ensayos. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1962. 308 p. 4238. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. La universidad ultrajada, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1974. 258 p. A passionate account of the 1963 intervention of the Junta Militar de Gobierno in the affairs of the state universities, especially the Universidad Central, of which the author had been the rector (1951-1963), and of the negative consequences thereof. 4239. Prez T., Aquiles R. La educacin en la dcada 1820-1830, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 279-288. 4240. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. La fundacin de la Facultad de Medicina en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1948. 36 p. 4241. Polmica universitaria en Quito colonial, edicin de Jos Mara Vargas. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador; Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 294 p. Republishes (not altogether faithfully) the late seventeenth century exchange between the Dominicans and the Jesuits regarding the need for a second university, the shortly thereafter established Universidad de Santo Toms: Ignacio de Quesada, Memorial sumario en la causa del

Real Colegio de San Fernando, y Universidad de Santo Thoms, del Orden de Predicadores de la ciudad de Quito, conforme los autos (Madrid: Juan Garca Infanzon, 1692; 40 leaves); Pedro Caldern, Memoria del reverendissimo padre maestro Pedro Calderon, de la Compaia de Jesus, procurador general de la Provincia del Nuevo Reyno y Quito: presentado en el Real, y Supremo Consejo de las Indias en 30. de maro de 1693: en respuesta de otro impresso del reverendissimo padre maestro Fr. Ignacio de Quesada, del Orden de Santo Domingo, procurador general de su provincia de Santa Cathalina Martir de Quito(Colonia: Oficina de Hermano Dehmen, 1695; [2], 54 leaves). 4242. Plit Centeno, Manuel. Historia de los colegios de Manab. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1980. 234 p. 4243. Polticas de educacin, compilador, Santiago Escobar; Eduardo Arellano [et al.]. Quito: ILDIS; Santiago de Chile: ILDIS-CEPAL, 1990. 161 p. 4244. Polo, Antonio. Escolar al indgena?: influjo de la escuela sobre el nivel intelectual y la conformacin de la personalidad en los nios de algunas comunidades de Bolvar. Quito: Ediciones Indoamrica, 1981. 144 p. 4245. Ponce Leiva, Pilar. La educacin disputada: repaso bibliogrfico sobre la eseanza universitaria en la Audiencia de Quito, Estudios de historia social y econmica de Amrica, 11 (1994), 137-150. A useful but incomplete review of the limited literature on universities in Quito during the colonial period and an interesting attempt to establish benchmarks in the history of the future Universidad Central (the only university in the country until 1868, that is to say, after the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1768 and the suppression of their university). Also published as: La educacin disputada: la eseanza universitaria en la Audiencia de Quito, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 3-21. 4246. Posso Salgado, Antonio. Realidad educativa y coloniaje cultural en el Ecuador. Ibarra: Universidad Tcnica del Norte, 1985. 170 p. 4247. Pozo de Ruiz, Gladys; and Ernesto Schiefelbein. Autonoma universitaria, gobierno y mercado: conciliacin de intereses en el caso del Ecuador, Estudios sociales (Santiago de Chile), 27 (1981), 109-146. 4248. Preston, Rosemary A. Education and Migration in Highland Ecuador, Comparative Education, 23:2 (1987), 191-207. 4249. Preston, Rosemary A. Education and Migration and Their Relationship to the Occupational Opportunities of Rural People in Highland Ecuador. Leeds: School of Geography, University of Leeds, 1978. 28, [4] p. Working Paper; 237. 4250. Preston, Rosemary A. Nuclear Schools in Ecuador, Geographical Magazine, 54 (Sept. 1982), 516-517. 4251. Provisin y cdulas reales sobre la fundacin de un colegio de jesuitas en la villa de Riobamba, Museo Histrico, 3:8 (mar. 1951), 46-53.

4252. Quijano, Luis. Plan de estudios de filosofa para el Colegio Real de San Fernando de Quito: ao de 1803, publicado con una introduccin por C. de Gangotena y Jijn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 6:15 (ene./jun. 1923), 129-137. 4253. Reyes Torrres, Elssa. El ausentismo escolar en el Ecuador. Quito: Colegio Normal Manuela Caizares, 1952. 105 p. 4254. Ribadeneira, Edmundo. La reforma universitaria. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1975. 90 p. 4255. Rivera Pizarro, Jorge. Una pedagoga popular para la educacin intercultural bilinge, 1 ed. Quito: Proyecto de Educacin Bilinge Intercultural, Convenio MEC-GTZ: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 151 p. 4256. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Alfaro ... laicismo, Pensamiento: revista ecuatoriana de cultura, 12:42 (mar. 1963), 85-96. 4257. Romo S., Luis A. Universidad y juventud. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1972. 111 p. 4258. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Las corrientes pedaggcas que han dominado en el Ecuador desde la fundacin de las normales, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 4:14 (mar./abr. 1951), 29-38. 4259. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. El pensamiento de la juventud universitaria de Quito. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1966. 175 p. 4260. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Una etapa de reforma educativa, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 10:46 (abr./jun. 1957), 32-52. A study of Carlos Zambranos years (1935-1936) as Minister of Education. 4261. Salazar C., Rosa. La educacin en el Ecuador desde sus orgenes hasta el advenimiento de Garca Moreno, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 8:38 (jul./ago. 1955), 4974. 4262. Snchez, Fausto. Universidad: crnica de un suicidio. Quito: Departamento de Difusin y Publicaciones, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1986. 224 p. 4263. Snchez Astudillo, Miguel. Textos de catedrticos jesuitas en Quito colonial: estudio y bibliografa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 146 p. Describes 408 texts, including manuscript materials, of the colonial period employed by the Jesuits in Quito during the colonial period. 4264. Snchez Bravo, Mariano. La primera Escuela Nutica, 1822-1830. Guayaquil: Instituto de Historia Martima, 1988. 192 p. 4265. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Escolarizacin y bilingismo en la sierra ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1991. 440 p.

4266. Serrano de Wilson, Emilia, Baronesa de Wilson. La ley del progreso: pginas de instruccin pblica para los pueblos sud-americanos. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1880. 136 p. Dedicada a la Repblica del Ecuador. 4267. Sigsfeld, Donata von. Educacin no formal y poblacin marginada. Quito: PUCEILDIS, [1989?]. 424 p. 4268. Soto, Domingo M. La instruccin primaria en Loja, Corona de Mara, 49:554 (feb. 1948), 58-62; 49:555 (mar. 1948), 95-98; 49:556 (abr. 1948), 132-135. 4269. Sumaria sobre averiguarse por los estudiantes del Colegio Real de San Fernando que cometieron el delito de conspiracin, y tumulto y destrozaron los platos, jarros y dems vasijas y manteles del Refectorio, al tiempo de la cena del da 30 de abril del presente ao de 784: pretendiendo no hubiese tal Refectorio, porque les daban de comer malisimamente y no pagar los 80 pesos prevenidos en la constitucin y el auto de reforma del Sr. Vice Patrono, ARNAHIS, (10 ago. 1968), 134-148. 4270. Tern, Francisco. El desarrollo de la educacin en el presente siglo, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2254), p. 337-400. A data laden but somewhat spotty review of the history of education from 1900 through 1980. 4271. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Apuntes para la historia de la educacin laica en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio del Tesoro, 1948. 190 p. Covers the years 1895 through 1947. This work conjointly with items 4272 through 4277 constitute the most detailed and well researched study of public education in the country during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries. 4272. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Evolucin de las ideas pedaggicas en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1953. 170 p. 4273. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Fundacin de la universidad y primer rectorado, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1 (feb. 1972), 11-81. 4274. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Garca Moreno y la instruccin pblica, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 3:7/8 (sept./dic. 1921), 234-254; 4:9 (ene./feb. 1922), 63-107; 4:10/11 (mar./jun. 1922), 159-204; 5:12/14 (jul./dic. 1922), 139-204; 6:15/17 (ene./jun. 1923), 93-128; 7:18 (jul./ago. 1923), 69-122. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1923. 270 p. 4275. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Garca Moreno y la instruccin pblica, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1940. 430 p. 4276. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La instruccin pblica de 1830 a 1930: apuntes para su historia, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 2, p. 277-318. Reprinted in authors: Monografas histricas (item 2198), p. 463-539; and in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 289-318.

4277. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Problemas escolares: por la libertad de enseanza. Quito: Tip. Prensa Catlica, 1930. 199 p. 4278. Torres, Luis F. Las misiones extranjeras y los institutos normales del Ecuador, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 4:14 (mar./abr. 1951), 74-96. 4279. Torres, Rosa Mara. Entre la accin y la praxis: crnica de un proceso de formacin de educadores populares, 1 ed. Quito: CIUDAD, 1989. 104 p. 4280. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Coleccin documental de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, [edicin e introduccin de] Neptal Zuiga. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1967. lviii, 365 p. An anthology of sources, dating from as early as 1603 but mostly from the 1700s and 1800s-the originals of which are in the Archivo General de la Universidad Central del Ecuador--for the study of the history of the University. Apparently only vol. one was published. 4281. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Documentos inditos para la historia de la Universidad de Quito, [recopilados y transcritos por] Carlos R. Tobar, Anales de la Universidad de Quito, 7:49 (ago. 1892), 87-102; 7:50 (sept. 1892), 120-143; 7:51 (oct. 1892), 200-215; 7:52 (nov. 1892), 231-246; 7:53 (dic. 1892), 315-326; 8:54 (ene. 1893), 16-27; 8:55 (feb. 1893), 9699. 4282. Universidad y desarrollo. Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Sede en Cuenca: Fundacin Hanns Seidel, [1987?] 102 p. 4283. Uzctegui, Emilio. Algo acerca de la historia del laicismo en el Ecuador, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 1:1 (jul/ago. 1947), 29-41. 4284. Uzctegui, Emilio. Compulsory Education in Ecuador. Paris: UNESCO, 1951. 60 p. 4285. Uzctegui, Emilio. Desarrollo de la educacin en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 160-178. 4286. Uzctegui, Emilio. La educacin ecuatoriana en el siglo del liberalismo. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1981. 346 p. 4287. Uzctegui, Emilio. La obligatoriedad de la educacin en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 158 p. See also item 4284. 4288. Uzctegui, Emilio. Poltica educativa. Quito: Edit. ENA, 1986. 175 p. 4289. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. Estudios y enseanza de los dominicos en el Reino de Quito en los siglos XVI y XVII, Corona de Mara, 38:439-443 (ago./dic. 1937), 190-200; 39:444/445 (ene./feb. 1938), 13-16; 39:446 (mar. 1938), 48-50; 39:447 (abr. 1938), 67-69; 39:448/449 (mayo/jun. 1939), 90-92; 39:451/452 (ago./sept. 1938), 137-138; 39:453/454 (oct./nov. 1938), 173-175. 4290. Valdivieso E., Mara Eugenia. La educacin en el Ecuador desde el advenimiento del Liberalismo-1895, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 8:38 (jul./ago. 1955), 75-123.

4291. Vallejo Bez, Carlos. Perfil histrico del Colegio Central Tcnico del Estado. Quito: Impr. Colegio Central Tcnico, 1959. 165 p. 4292. Vsconez, Carlos A. Ensayo histrico sobre la educacin primaria en Quito durante la colonia, Horizontes (Quito), segunda poca, 2/3 (1937), 33-38. 4293. Velasco, Ermel. Estadstica de las universidades ecuatorianas, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 2:6 (ene./jun. 1949), 120-148. Reports numbers of students and graduates for 1929-1948. 4294. Verdesoto de Romo Dvila, Raquel. Historia de la Facultad de Filosofa, Revista ecuatoriana de educacin, 6:27 (1953), 7-87. A history of the Arts Faculty of the Central University. 4295. Verduga Loor, Franklin. Apuntes de la historia de la educacin del Ecuador: 18951977. Portoviejo: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Manab, 1978. 182 p. 4296. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Universidad y desarrollo, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 173 p. 4297. Villagmez, Juan Aurelio. Ensayo de monografa acerca de la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Quito: Universidad Central, 1924. 73 p. Originally published as: Ensayo de monografa: la Universidad Central de Quito, Anales de la Universidad Central, nueva ser., 1:6 (dic. 1912), 252-266; 1:7 (ene. 1913), 275-285; 1:8 (feb. 1913), 299-309; 1:9/10 (mar./abr. 1913), 331-343; 2:28/29 (ene./feb. 1915), 386-396; 2:32/33 (mayo/jun. 1915), 475-490. 4298. Villalba F., Jorge. Centenario de la primera Escuela Politcnica de Quito, 1870-1970: la obra intelectual de los profesores politcnicos, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1 (feb. 1972), 320-336. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 320336. 4299. Villalba F., Jorge. Una dcada institucional, 1961-1971: crnica universitaria, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1 (feb. 1972), 83-125. 4300. Villalba F., Jorge. La instruccin pblica en la villa de Ibarra en el siglo XVII: el colegio de la Compaa de Jess, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 181-204; 56:121 (ene./jun. 1973), 77-92; 56:122 (jul./dic. 1973), 68-81. A history of the Jesuit high school in Ibarra in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 4301. Villalba F., Jorge; Berenice Cordero; and Elvira Pulles. Bolvar y la educacin en el Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 13:42 (ago. 1985), 147-191. 4302. Villarroel I., Jorge. Breve diagnstico de la educacin ecuatoriana. Ibarra: Universidad Tcnica del Norte, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacin, 1988. 243 p. 4303. Wilson, Jacques M.P. The Development of Education in Ecuador. Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 1970. 169 p.

The revised version of authors doctoral dissertation presented in 1966 at the University of Texas. 4304. Ynez Cosso, Consuelo. Algunos aspectos sobre la educacin bilinge-intercultural en el Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 13:42 (ago. 1985), 67-108. 4305. Ynez Cosso, Consuelo. Elementos para una definicin de educacin bilinge intercultural, Cultura, 7:21 (ene./abr. 1985), 451-481. 4306. Ynez Cosso, Consuelo. The Implementation of Language Policy: the Case of Ecuador, International Review of Education, 37:1 (1991), 53-66. 4307. Ypez Villalba, Eduardo. 150 aos de la Facultad de Medicina: 1827-26 de octubre1977. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1979. 333 p.

IDEAS

4308. Agoglia, Rodolfo Mario. Montalvo, Mera y el romanticismo, Revista de historia de ideas, 2 poca, 4 (1983), 63-71. 4309. Agramonte y Pichardo, Roberto. La filosofa de Montalvo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1992. 3 v. (1,319 p.) A detailed biography as well as an extensive anaysis of the ideas expressed by Montalvo in his writings. 4310. Agramonte y Pichardo, Roberto. Montalvo como filsofo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 195-233. 4311. Agramonte y Pichardo, Roberto. El panorama cultural de Montalvo. Ambato: Tip. A.M. Garcs, 1935. 64 p. 4312. Aguirre, Juan Bautista. Fsica, estudio introductorio de Julio Tern Dutari. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador; Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 632 p. A late-colonial period text. 4313. Aguirre, Manuel Agustn. El marxismo, la revolucin y los partidos socialista y comunista del Ecuador: notas para discusin, Carlos Marx (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1983), p. 1-66. 4314. Albuja Galindo, Alfredo. El periodismo en la dialctica poltica ecuatoriana. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1979. 392 p. A history of journalism in Ecuador. 4315. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. En torno de la prensa nacional. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1937. 145 p. A history of journalism in Ecuador and a commentary on the state of newspaper publishing and reporting as of the 1930s.

4316. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Manuel J. Calle: orientaciones periodsticas. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1936. 131 p. 4317. Arboleda R., Gustavo. El periodismo en el Ecuador, ed. corr. y aum. Guayaquil: de El Grito del Pueblo, 1909. 233 p. 4318. El Arielismo en el Ecuador, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Nancy Ochoa Antich. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 355 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 29) A study of Arielism in Ecuador and selections from writings of Gonzalo Zaldumbide, Alfredo Espinoza Tamayo, Julio Endara, Alejandro Andrade Coello, and Jos Mara Vargas, originally published between 1916 and 1974. 4319. Armijos Ayala, Arturo. Historia del periodismo lojano en sus cinco ltimas dcadas. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo Provincial de Loja, 1990. 232 p. 4320. Arturo Andrs Roig: filsofo e historiador de las ideas, Horacio Cerutti Guldberg, Manuel Rodrguez Lapuente, compiladores, 1 ed. Guadalajara, Jalisco: Universidad de Guadalajara, 1989. 347 p. 4321. Ayala Mora, Enrique. El bolivarianismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1991. 100 p. 4322. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Tendencias del desarrollo del culto a Bolvar en el Ecuador, Simn Bolvar (Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales,1983), p. 201-236. An insightful analysis of the cult of Bolvar in Ecuador, especially of the distortion of the Liberators beliefs and ideas by the political left and the political right. Also published in: Revista de la Biblioteca Nacional Jos Mart, 26:1 (1984), 53-79. See also item 4321. 4323. Barnadas, Josep Mara. La biblioteca jesuta de Quito en el siglo XVII: breve panorama analtico, Ibero-Americana Pragensia, 8 (1974), 151-161. 4324. Barnadas, Josep Mara. El laicismo en el Ecuador: aspectos histricos, Revista de estudios polticos (Madrid), 145 (1966), 113-184. An important but skewed review of the triumph of secularism, especially in the field of education, over clericalism, following the victory of the Liberals in 1895. The author is a Jesuit priest. 4325. Barrera, Isaac J. La prensa en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1955. 82 p. 4326. Beerman, Eric. Eugenio Espejo and la Sociedad Econmica de los Amigos del Pas de Quito, Homenaje a Nol Salomon: ilustracin espaola e independencia de Amrica, edicin preparada por Alberto Gil Novales (Barcelona: Universidad Autnoma de Barcelona, 1979), p. 381-387.

A useful summary of what is known regarding the short-lived Sociedad Econmica de los Amigos del Pas de Quito. It only met three times, on Nov. 30, 1791, Feb. 29 and March 10, 1792, before being suppressed by order of the crown. 4327. Bustamante, Jos Rafael. La filosofa en el Ecuador, Amrica (Quito), 9:58 (1934), 165-171. 4328. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Libertad y liberacin en la obra de Jos Peralta. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1989. 118 p. 4329. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. El pensamiento social de Jos Peralta: hiptesis para su investigacin, Revista del IDIS, 16 (nov. 1986), 149-173. 4330. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Velasco Ibarra, ideologa, poder y democracia. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1991. 110 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 32) An assessment of the origins and content of the political philosophy of Velasco Ibarra, nominally a populist. Also examines the vagaries and shifts in the perennial presidents ideas and politics. 4331. Carrin, Agustn. Breve historia del periodismo en Loja y sus escritores. Loja: Tip. El Heraldo, 1918. 28 p. 4332. Carrin, Benjamn. Historia de las ideas en el Ecuador, Revista de historia de las ideas, 1 (1959), 251-263. 4333. Ceriola, Juan B. Compendio de la historia del periodismo en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. Filantrpica del Guayas, 1909. vi, 196 p. 4334. Cerutti-Guldberg, Horacio V. Aproximacin a la historiografa del pensamiento ecuatoriano, Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 11 (1978), 215-244. 4335. Cerutti-Guldberg, Horacio V. De varia utpica, 1 ed. Bogot: Publicaciones Universidad Central: Instituto Colombiano de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Carbie, 1989. 237 p. On the political and social views of Simn Bolvar and Ecuadorian philosophy. 4336. Cerutti-Guldberg, Horacio V. Situacin de los estudios filosficos y sociales en el Ecuador en la actualidad, Lateinamerika Studien, 7 (1980), 503-511. 4337. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Causas sociales de nuestra crisis intelectual, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 2, p. 225-247. A brilliant essay on intellectual conditions and problems in Cuenca in the 1950s. 4338. Cevallos Garca, Gabriel. Las ideas liberales en el Ecuador: breve esquema para su historia, Revista de historia de las ideas, 2 (1960), 55-72. 4349. Ciriza, Alejandra. Civilizacin y barberie: descriptiva y proyecto en el discurso poltico ecuatoriano, Revista interamericana de bibliografa = Inter-American Review of Bibliography, 41:1 (1991), 82-100.

A working paper on the political discourse of Eugenio Espejo, Vicente Rocafuerte, and Juan Montalvo as manifested in their published works. Includes a useful bibliography. See also Cirizas Realismo y utopa en el discurso poltico de un ilustrado ecuatoriano: D. Vicente Rocafuerte (1783-1847), Revista interamericana de bibliografa = Interamerican Review of Bibliography, 44:3 (1994), 437-453. 4340. Espejo, Eugenio. Escritos del Doctor Francisco Javier Eugenio Santa Cruz y Espejo. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1912-1923. 3 v. Vols. 1-2 were edited by Federico Gonzlez Surez, and vol. 3 by Jacinto Jijn y Caamao and Homero Viteri Lafronte. T. 2: Impr. Nacional; t. 3: Edit. Artes Grficas. The most comprehensive edition of the pensadors multifaceted works. On the undeniable weaknesses of this never finished but in many respects laudable and still indispensable complete works, see the following two items. 4341. Espejo, Eugenio. Obra educativa, edicin, prlogo, notas y cronologa, Philip L. Astuto. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1982. xxxviii, 551 p. The most acceptable edition as of July 1997 of: El nuevo Luciano de Quito, Marco Porcio Catn, and El nuevo Luciano de Quito, o, Despertador de los ingenios quiteos (Ciencia blancardina). Newly transcribed and well edited by Astuto. 4342. Espejo, Eugenio. El nuevo Luciano de Quito, prlogo del seor Isaac J. Barrera; texto establecido y anotado por el Padre Aurelio Espinosa Plit, S.I. Quito: Comisin de Propaganda Cultural del Ecuador, 1943. xxvii, 238 p. In addition to Espinosa Plits Advertencia crtica (p. xxiii-xxvii), see his Para la segunda edicin del Nuevo Luciano de Quito, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, nue. ser., 3:1 (oct. 1923), 109-121. 4343. Espejo, Eugenio. Primicias de la cultura de Quito, 1a ed. Quito: Colegio de Periodistas de Pichincha, 1996. 320 p. Reprints in photofacsimile and modern typeface the 1791 Primicias de la cultura de Quito and the Instruccin previa, of which Espejo was the author, not just the editor. Includes a quite substantial, well documented, refreshingly objective introductory study of El Espejo de las Primicias de la cultura de Quito by Hernn Rodrguez Castelo (p. 7-156). 4344. Espinosa Zevallos, Javier. La introduccin de la sociologa en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1972. 83 p. 4345. Estrella, Eduardo. El padre Juan de Velasco: historia natural y defensa del indgena americano, Quipu (Mxico, D.F.), 6:2 (1989), 135-150. An essay on scientific knowledge in eighteenth-century Quito as taught by the Jesuits and influenced by the Enlightenment, especially as manifested in the writings of Juan de Velasco. 4346. Eugenio Espejo y el pensamiento precursor de la independencia, Jorge Nuez (compilador). Quito: ADHILAC, 1992. 272 p. 4347. Falconi Villagmez, J.A. Introduccin de la imprenta y periodismo poltico en el Ecuador: (sntesis histrica), Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:22 (1960), 162-200.

4348. Fernandez, Jorge. Trnsito a la libertad: biografa del diario El Comercio. Quito: Edit. El Comercio, 1956. 219 p. 4349. Grisanti, Angel. El general Sucre, precursor del periodismo (primicias de la prensa en el Ecuador): homenaje patritico en conmemoracin del 124 de la libertad del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Plenitud, 1946. 32 p. Focuses on the role of Sucre as a patron of journalism while he was Intendant of Quito. He founded El Monitor quiteo and supported El Atleta (Guayaquil) and El Patriota de Guayaquil. 4350. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. Eugenio Espejo, pensador filosfico, Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 11 (1978), 245-267. 4351. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. Las ideas positivistas en Ecuador, Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 15 (1982), 51-92. 4352. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. El pensamiento ecuatoriano en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 65-94. Also published in: Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 13 (1980), 223255. 4353. Henrquez, Alberto. Vicente Rocafuerte: la Ilustracin en el poder poltico, Revista de historia de las ideas, 5/6 (1984/1985), 107-157. 4354. Jerves, Alfonso A. El periodismo en el Azuay, Corona de Mara, 29:326 (ene. 1928), 6-12. An essay on El Eco del Azuay (1828) and its editor Father Solano. 4355. Keeding, Ekkehardt. Espejo y las banderitas de Quito de 1794, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:124 (jul./dic. 1974), 252-273. 4356. Keeding, Ekkehart. La Ilustracin en Quito y su influjo en la independencia. (Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 67:143/144 (1984), 182-190) A precis of the authors Das Zeitalter der Aufklrung in der Provinz Quito (item 4357). N.B. This article was not actually published until 1993. 4357. Keeding, Ekkehart. Das Zeitalter der Aufklrung in der Provinz Quito. Kln: Bhlau Verlag, 1983. xiii, 591 p. A major and exceptionally important monograph on the Enlightenment in Ecuador during the late- colonial and independence periods. Originally presented as the authors doctoral dissertation. Based on research in 48 archives and libraries throughout the Americas and Europe. For a precis in Spanish see item 4356. 4358. Landzuri, Mariana. Women, Ideology and Language in the Ecuadorian print media. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University, 1991. 25 p. (Working papers, Women in International Development; # 218) 4359. Lanning, John Tate. La oposicin a la Ilustracin en Quito, Revista bimestre cubana, 43:3 (mayo/jun. 1944), 224-241.

4360. Lpez Merino, Alfonso. Rodolfo Agoglia: gnesis de su humanismo histrico, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 15:47 (ago. 1987), 237-255. 4361. Malo Gonzlez, Hernn. El pensamiento ecuatoriano en el siglo XIX, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 141-155. Somewhat superficial. Limited to consideration of ideological differences between conservatism and liberalism and a discussion of their principal ideologues. 4362. Malo Gonzlez, Hernn. Pensamiento filosfico, seleccin de textos y estudio introductorio, Arturo Andrs Roig. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1989. 420 p. (Obras de Hernn Malo Gonzlez; 1) 4363. Mrquez, Ezequiel. La imprenta en Cuenca, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1:4 (sept. 1921), 374-381. 4364. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. La imprenta en Cuenca y el periodismo de Fray Vicente Solano, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 13:44 (ene. 1959), 111-125. 4365. Mera, J.P. Los cien peridicos de la provincia, Casa de Montalvo, 1 (ago. 1931), 2428; 2 (sept. 1931), 85-87. On the newspapers of Riobamba and Tungurahua. 4366. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. La primera imprenta ecuatoriana: su primer promotor: el primer impresor, 1755-1955. Ambato: Concejo Municipal de Ambato, 1955. 64 p. On the first press (Ambato: 1755-1759) and the first printer (Brother Juan Adn Schwartz, S.J.). 4367. Montalvo, Antonio. Diez aos de vida, Amrica (Quito), 10:60/61 (1935), 137-151. On the first ten years of Amrica and the Grupo Amrica. 4368. Morales Almedia, Roberto. Cronologa del periodismo en Ibarra, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 11:24:22 (jun. 1978), 152-164. 4369. Moreno, Julio E. Pensamiento filosfico social, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Hernn Malo Gonzlez. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1979. 325 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 1) 4370. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Pasquines subversivos contra el gobierno espaol aparecidos en Cuenca en 1795, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 193-210. See also item 4355. 4371. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. El primer peridico de Cuenca, Unin literaria (Cuenca), 1:3 (jun. 1893), 151-164; 1:5 (ago. 1893), 186-195. 4372. Naranjo, Plutarco. Visin poltica de Montalvo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 57:123 (ene./jun. 1974), 179-191.

4373. Ochoa Antich, Nancy. La mujer en el pensamiento liberal. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 208 p. 4374. Ostolaza, Carlos. La religiosidad de Juan Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 275-295. 4375. Pez Cordero, Alexei. Los orgenes de la izquierda ecuatoriana: notas sobre movimientos sociales e ideologa, Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 81-99. 4376. Paladines, Carlos. Ciencia y pensamiento moderno en la Audiencia de Quito, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 77-92. A critical examination of the Juan Magnins Milliet en armonia con Descartes, o, Descartes reformado, a mid eighteenth century work important for understanding the extent to which Ecuadorian intellectuals were conversant with their European counterparts and the transition from scholasticism to modern philosophy in the Audiencia of Quito. 4377. Paladines, Carlos. La conformacin del Estado-nacional desde la perspectiva del pensamiento ilustrado y romntico ecuatoriano, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 71-81. Examines the concepts of state, nation, and nation-state as perceived by Eugenio Espejo, a man of the Enlightenment, and Pedro Moncayo, a Romantic. 4378. Paladines, Carlos. Filosofa e historia de las ideas en la dcada de los 70: el caso del Ecuador, Cultura, 3:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 247-264. 4379. Paladines, Carlos. Montalvo, Mera y el problema nacional, Revista de historia de las ideas, 2 poca, 4 (1983), 51-61. 4380. Paladines, Carlos. Notas sobre metodologa de investigacin del pensamiento ecuatoriano, Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 11 (1978), 179-213. 4381. Paladines, Carlos. Pensamiento independentista: el movimiento ilustrado ecuatoriano, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 6, p. 165-209. A superior essay on intellectual developments during the neocolonial period. Paladines takes in the mid-1740s through the mid-1840s, inasmuch as he considers the Enlightenment to have arrived with the Geodesic Mission of 1736 and to have ended with the death of Rocafuerte. 4382 Paladines, Carlos. Rodolfo Agoglia: la construccin del humanismo histrico, Revista de historia de las ideas, 2:8 (1987), 157-179. 4383. Paladines, Carlos. Sentido y trayectoria del pensamiento ecuatoriano. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 415 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 2) A solid history of ideas in Ecuador from the mid-eighteenth century through the earlytwentieth. The result of many years of research and reflection. 4384. Paredes, Angel Modesto. Pensamiento sociolgico, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Rafael Quintero. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 454 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 6)

Reprinted in a 2a in 1988. 4385. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Juan J. Fray Vicente Solano y el pensamiento conservador en Ecuador, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 3 (II sem. 1992), 103-113. A recapitulation of the introduction to item 4386. 4386. Paz y Mio Cepeda, Juan J. La gran polmica Irisarri-Solano, 1839-1840. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 414 p. Brings together with a substantial introduction by Paz y Mio the debate carried on by Vicente Solano and Antonio Jos de Irisarri in the several newspapers they founded or edited regarding the respective roles and rights of ecclesiastical and civil authorities and therefore of what the relationship between the Catholic Church and the state should be. 4387. Pensamiento de Pedro Moncayo, Enrique Ayala Mora, editor. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann: Corporacin Imbabura, 1993. 213 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 20) Contents: Enrique Ayala Mora, El Ecuador del siglo XIX y Pedro Monayo (p. 9-25); Rodrigo Villegas Domnguez, Rasgos biogrficos de Pedro Moncayo (p. 27-41); Marcelo Villamarn C., El Liberalismo en la poca de fundacin de la Repblica (p. 43-53); Julio Csar Trujillo, El Estado en el pensamiento de Pedro Moncayo (p. 55-66); Roberto Morales Almedia, Pedro Moncayo, fundador del periodismo de combate (p. 67-96); Guillermo Bustos, El Ecuador de 1825 a 1875: notas para su anlisis historiogrfico (p. 97-104); Pedro Moncayo, Intervenciones en el Congreso Nacional, seleccin de textos a cargo de Cecilia Durn (p. 105207). 4388. Pensamiento esttico ecuatoriano, estudio y seleccin de Daniel Prieto Castillo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 368 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 24) A study of esthetics in Ecuador and selections from the writings of Jess Quijada, Csar Alfonso Pastor, Federico Gonzlez Surez, Angel Modesto Paredes, Ricardo Larran y Bravo, Atanasio Viteri, Aurelio Espinoza Plit, and Jos Mara Vargas. 4389. Pensamiento idealista ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Horacio Cerutti Guldberg. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981. 533 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 8) A study of idealism in Ecuador and selections from the writings of the Gonzalo Zaldumbide, Nicols Jmenez, Roque Bustillos, Jos Rafael Bustamante, Fernando Chves, Aurelio H. Garca, Vctor Gabriel Garcs, and Guillermo Bustamante. 4390. Pensamiento ilustrado, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Carlos Paladines. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981. 608 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 9) Includes selections from the writings of Eugenio Espejo. See also: Vision actual de Eugenio Espejo (Quito: Fundacion Eugenio Espejo; Fundacion Friedrich Naumann, 1988; 57 p.) with essays by Juan Juan Paz y Mio Cepeda on El

pensamiento poltico de Eugenio Espejo (p. 7-15), Carlos Paladines on Eugenio Espejo y su visin crtica de la poca (p. 17-26) and Eugenio Espejo: dos aproximaciones a su poa y su pensamiento (p. 45-56), Plutarco Naranjo on El pensamiento social de Eugenio Espejo (p. 2735), and Francisco Huerta Montalvo on Espejo: duende sin tiempo (p. 37-44). 4391. Pensamiento indigenista del Ecuador, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Claudio Malo Gonzlez. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 646 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 34) An anthology of indigenist writings, ranging from Po Jaramillo Alvarados El indio ecuatoriano of 1922 through Gonzalo Rubio Orbes El indio ecuatoriano of 1987. 4392. Pensamiento popular ecuatoriano, estudio y seleccin, Jaime Durn Barba. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981. 583 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 13) A study of and sources on labor movements and views in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 4393. Pensamiento positivista ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Carlos Paladines, Samuel Guerra B. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, [1982]. 506 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 16) A study of positivism in Ecuador and selections from writings of the positivists Julio Endara, Juan H. Peralta, Julio Arauz, and Csar H. Semblantes. 4394. Pensamiento romntico ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Rodolfo Agoglia. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1980. 440 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 5) A study of romanticism in Ecuador and selections from writings of Juan Len Mera, Juan Montalvo, Elas Laso, Federico Gonzlez Surez, Remigio Crespo Toral, and Luis A. Martnez. 4395. El Pensamiento social ecuatoriano en el siglo XX: programa de investigacin, Mara Cristina Crdenas Reyes [et al.]. Cuenca: Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, Universidad de Cuenca, 1994. 145 p. 4396. Peralta, Jos. Ensayos filosficos, introduccin de Luis Monsalve Pozo. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1961. 534 p. 4397. Peralta, Jos. Pensamiento filsofico y poltico, estudio y seleccin, Juan Cordero I. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, [1981]. 425 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 11) 4398. Prez, Galo Ren. Mis encuentros con Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 169-183. 4399. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Las primeras imprentas e impresos del Ecuador: (Ambato 1755-Quito 1757-Guayaquil 1821 y Cuenca 1827), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 43 (dic. 1981), 3-33 [i.e., 37].

4400. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El abec periodstico de Olmedo: su nombramiento como director de la Imprenta, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2:4/5 (ago. 1952), 101-116. 4401. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. El establecimiento de la imprenta en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Tip. Gutenberg, 1906. 58 p. Reprinted in authors Leyendas, tradiciones y pginas de historia ... (item 6831), vol. 2, p. 530. 4402. Plit Montes de Oca, Vicente. Peralta y Quevedo: del liberalismo al positivismo, Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 71-80. 4403. Quevedo, Belisario. Ensayos sociolgicos, polticos y morales, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Samuel Guerra B. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1981. 365 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 10) An anthology of Quevedos writings, including his posthumously published Sociologa, poltica y moral (1932). Quevedo (1883-1921) was a positivist. Guerras introduction stresses the relationships between Quevedos ideas and Ecuadorian realities. 4404. Real, Manuel de J. Don Juan Montalvo como filsofo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 185-193. 4405. Rodrguez, Mximo A. El periodismo lojano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948. 118 p. 4406. Roig, Arturo Andrs. Aurelio Espinosa Plit, humanista y filsofo. Quito: Universidad Catlica, 1980. 78 p. 4407. Roig, Arturo Andrs. Bolivarismo y filosofa latinoamericana. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1984. 75 p. 4408. Roig, Arturo Andrs. El ejercicio de la sospecha en el pensamiento de Hernn Malo, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 73-85. 4409. Roig, Arturo Andrs. Esquemas para una historia de la filosofa ecuatoriana, 2 ed. corr. y aum. Quito: Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 195 p. 4410. Roig, Arturo Andrs. El humanismo ecuatoriano de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. 2 v. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 18-19) Vol. 1 examines Juan de Velasco as a philosopher as well as a historian, and vol. 2, Eugenio Espejo as a man of letters. 4411. Roig, Arturo Andrs. Movimientos y corrientes del pensamiento utpico en el Ecuador, Latinoamrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 14 (1981), 51-69. 4412. Roig, Arturo Andrs. El pensamiento social de Juan Montalvo: sus lecciones al pueblo. Quito: Edit. Tercer Mundo, 1984. 248 p. Also published in a 2 ed.: Quito: Universidad Andina Simn Bolvar, Subsede Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995. 250 p.

4413. Roig Alsina, Elisabeth. La Psicologa de los pueblos de Alfredo Espinosa Tamayo, Revista de historia de las ideas, 7 (1986), 57-80. 4414. Sacoto, Antonio. Montalvo y el pensamiento hispanoamericano del siglo XIX, Revista nacional de cultura (Caracas), 48:26 (ene./mar. 1987), 457-79. 4415. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Ensayos sobre Montalvo y Mera, 1 ed. Quito: Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas, 1991. 222 p. 4416. Snchez, Carlos E. La imprenta en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1935. 214 p. A history of the press in Ecuador from 1750 through 1934. 4417. Silva, Amrico. Apuntes sobre el periodismo en el Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 329-344. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 274288. 4418. Spindler, Frank MacDonald. Lamennais and Montalvo: A European Influence Upon Latin American Political Thought, Journal of the History of Ideas, 37:1 (Jan. 1976), 137-146. 4419. Spindler, Frank MacDonald. The Political Thought of Juan Montalvo. 1966. 2 v. (747 leaves). Thesis (Ph.D.)--American University. 4420. Stols, Alexandre A.M. La imprenta de la Universidad Central: historia, objeto, organizacin. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1953. 16 p. 4421. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La influencia de Balmes en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 38-63. 4422. La Utopa en el Ecuador, estudio y seleccin de Arturo Andrs Roig. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 468 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 26) A study of utopianism in Ecuador and selections from the writings of Juan de Velasco, Antonio de Ziga, Len Pinelo, Eugenio Espejo, Benigo Malo, Vicente Solano, and Rafael Villamar among others. 4423. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Pensamiento social y poltico de Juan Montalvo en Las Catilinarias, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 33-56. 4424. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. Teoras polticas de Rocafuerte, BBN/E, 4/5 (ene./feb. 1921), 190-200. 4425. Vigencia de Juan Montalvo en la Cultura Ecuatoriana: documentos del Seminario Nacional llevado a cabo en la ciudad de Ambato del 2 al 5 de marzo de 1988, Gustavo Alfredo Jcome [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Fredrich Naumann; Ambato: Municipio de Ambato, 1988. 475 p. 4426. Visin actual de Jos Peralta. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1989. 667 p. Publishes papers presented at the Seminario Nacional sobre Visin actual de Jos Peralta, held July 12-15, 1988 in Cuenca, sponsored by the Fundacin Friedrich Naumann.

4427. Visin actual de Manuel J. Calle, [Mara Rosa Crespo de Pozo et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1988. 196 p. Publishes papers presented at a seminar held Apr. 8, 1988 in Cuenca, sponsored by the Fundacin Friedrich Naumann. 4428. Visin actual de Po Alvarado Jaramillo: documentos del seminario nacional, Loja, 13 al 16 de septiembre, 1988, [Elas Muoz Vicua et al.]. Loja: Subsecretara de Cultura, Direccin Provincial de Educacin, Departamento de Cultura de Loja; Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann, 1989. 556 p. 4429. Ypez Arboleda, Federico. Juan Bautista de Aguirre, filsofo, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 95-113.

LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS

The majority of language and linguistic studies on Ecuador, especially of the languages of the ethnic groups of the Oriente, have been undertaken by the Summer Institute of Linguistics. Previously difficult to obtain, almost all SIL publications--for a comprehensive listing of which consult item 135--are now readily available. See also: Microfiche Catalog: Publications of the Summer Institute of Linguistics (Dallas: Academic Publications Department, Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1993), p. 94-97. There are fourteen, possibly only thirteen, languages spoken nowadays in Ecuador, including Ecuadorian sign language as well as Spanish. The indigenous languages of the coast are: Chachi (spoken by the people formerly known as Cayapas), Coaiquer or Cuaiquer (spoken by the Awa), and Tsachila (or Colorado). The only remaining indigenous language in the highlands is Quichua. The following dialects have been identified: Imbabura Quichua, Caldern Quichua, Tungurahua Quichua, Chimborazo Quichua, Caar Quichua, and Loja Quichua. The indigenous languages spoken in the eastern lowlands are: Achuar, Cofn, Quichua, Secoya, Shuar, Siona, Tetete (probably extinct by the 1980s--there were only three elderly speakers as of 1969), Huaorani (spoken by the people formerly known as Aucas), and Zparo. Zparo as a language may also be extinct; as of 1991, apparently only 24 speakers remained. The lowland versions of Quichua are: Napo Quichua (spoken by the Quijos Quichua), Tena Quichua (spoken by Yumbos), and Pastaza Quichua (spoken by Canelos Quichua). From the point of view of the historian, at least two major issues remained to be addressed: 1) the delineation of the replacement of indigenous languages of the highlands, still widespread as of the Diocesan Synod of 1593, by Quichua; and 2) whether or not any texts in those languages (i.e., Pasto, Quillasinga, Caranqui, Panzaleo, Puruhay, Caari, etc.), have survived. In regard to the former, no satisfactory study existed as of 1999, and in regards to the latter, it should be noted that the archival holdings of indigenous pueblos were and perhaps still are virtually unknown. Also the reason that so few grammars and vocabularies or dictionaries of colonial period Quichua exist may be because Ecuadorian Quichua might not have existed, at least not during the first half of the colonial period.

Another colonial period grammar that might be worthwhile consulting is the 1700 and 1754, but not earlier, editions of Diego de Torres Rubios Arte de la lengua quichua. The full citation of the 1700 version is: Arte de la lengua quichua, por el P. Diego de Torres Rubio de la Compaia de Iesus. ; Y nuevamente van aadidos los romances, el cathecismo pequeo, todas las oraciones, los dias de fiesta, y ayunos de los indios, el vocabulario aadido, y otro vocabulario de la lengua Chinchaisuyo. Por el M.R.P. Iuan de Figueredo professor de la misma Compaia, maestro de dicha lengua en su Colegio del Cercado, ministro, interprete general de ella en el Tribunal de la Santa Inquisicion. ; A costa de Francisco Farfan de los Godos, mercader de libros, y se vende en su casa en la call de las Mantas. En Lima por Joseph de Contreras, y Alvarado, impressor real, de el S. Oficio, de la Santa Cruzada, [1700?]. [13], 114, [1] leaves. And of the 1754 version: Arte, y vocabulario de la lengua quichua general de los indios de el Per. / Que compuso el Padre Diego de Torres Rubio de la Compaia de Jesus. ; Y aadido el P. Juan de Figueredo de la misma Compaia. ; Ahora nuevamente corregido, y aumentado en muchos vocablos, y varias advertencias, notas, y observaciones, para la mejor inteligencia del ydioma, y perfecta insrucion de los parochos, y cathequistas de indios. Por vn religioso de las misma Compaia. Reimpreso en Lima, : En la Imprenta de la Plazuela de San Christoval., ao de 1754. [6], 254, [2] leaves. This is the first work known to include a section on the grammar and vocabulary of the dialect employed by los indios del antiguo arzobispado de Lima according to Medina: the Vocabulario de la lengua chinchaisuyo, y algunos modos mas vsados en dicha lengua by Father Figueredo (leaves 53 verso-59 recto). What is stated in the 1754 edition of this revised and augmented version of Torres Rubio is ... por las repetidas missiones con que h corrido todo el Arzobispado de Lima, donde mas se usa la lengua Chinchaysuyo ... (leaves 213 verso-214 recto [2nd count]). The question therefore is whether the dialect in question was that spoken in the diocese proper of Lima or throughout the length and breath of the Chinchaysuyu. Prior to the Spanish conquest, it will be recalled, the Chinchaysuyu included the highlands of what are now Ecuador and southern Colombia.

4430. Almeida, Ileana. Algunos aspectos de la aglutinacin en la lengua quichua, Cultura, 7:21 (ene./abr. 1985), 421-432. 4431. Alvarez Pazos, Carlos. El quichua en los compuestos del espaol popular de Cuenca: regionalismos tpicos. Cuenca: Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, Universidad de Cuenca, 1985. 147 p. 4432. Argello, Fanny M. Arcasmos fonticos en el espaol y el quechua hablados en la regin andina del Ecuador, Orbis: bulletin international de documentation linguistique, 33:1/2 (1984 [i.e., 1989], 161-170. 4433. Argello, Fanny M. El rehilamiento en el espaol hablado en la regin andina del Ecuador, Lexis: revista de lingstica y literatura, 4:2 (dic. 1980), 151-155. 4434. Beuchat, Henri; and Paul Rivet. Contribution tude des langues Colorado et Cayapa, Journal de la Socit de amricanistes, n.s., 4 (1907), 31-70.

4435. Beukema, Ronald William. A Grammatical Sketch of Chimborazo Quichua. 1975. viii, 234 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Yale University. 4436. Bolla, Luis. Diccionario prctico del idioma shuar: vocabulario, fraseologa tpica, onomatopeya, trminos zoolgicos y botnicos: con aadida la conjugacin de los verbos en las principales formas de relacin (objetivos y de favor). Suca: Vicariato Apostlico de Mndez; Federacin Shuar, 1972. 135 p. 4437. Boyd-Bowman, Peter. Sobre la pronunciacin del espaol en el Ecuador, Nueva revista de filologa hispnica, 7:1/2 (ene./jun. 1953), 221-233. 4438. Breve instruccin, o Arte para entender la lengua comn de los indios segn se habla en la Provincia de Quito. Paris: Adrien-Maisson, 1927. 30 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Lima: Impr. de la Plazuela de San Christoval, 1753. Attributed by some scholars to Toms Nieto Polo del Aguila. 4439. Buchwald, Otto von. La lengua de la antigua Provincia de Imbabura, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 3:7/8 (sept./dic. 1921), 177-191. 4440. Buttner, Thomas. Uso del quichua y del castellano en la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Proyecto Educacin Bilinge Intercultural, Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 445 p. 4441. Caicedo, Jacqueline; and Sonia Lenk. Hable serio!: coba y jerga estudiantil (una alternativa para la comunicacin), 1 ed. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1989. 103 p. 4442. Caimi nucanchic shimiyuc-panca, Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura; Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 176 p. A Quichua-Spanish dictionary. 4443. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Componentes del prestigio lingstico en la ciudad de Cuenca, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 87-127. 4444. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Cuenca, comunidad y lenguaje. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1984. 306 p. 4445. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Variedad y registros de las formaciones discursivas en Cuenca, 1 ed. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1986. vi, 173 p. 4446. Carpenter, Lawrence Kidd. Aspects of Quichua Dialectology. Bloomington: Indiana University, Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 1984. 27 p. 4447. Carpenter, Lawrence Kidd. Ecuadorian Quichua: Descriptive Sketch and Variation. 1982. xxii, 527 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of California at San Diego. 4448. Catta Quelen, Javier. Gramtica del quichua ecuatoriano. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1985. 277 p. 4449. Cole, Peter. Imbabura Quechua. London: Croom Helm, 1985. 233 p.

4450. Cordero, Luis. Diccionario quichua-espaol, espaol-quichua. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1955. xlii, 430 p. The first comprehensive and scholarly sound dictionary of Ecuadorian Quichua. Originally published: Quito, 1895. Also reprinted in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, t. 23, no. 4 (oct./dic. 1967). And as: Quichua shimiyuc panca: quichua-castilla, castilla-quichua = Diccionario quichua: quichua-castellano, castellano-quichua, 4 ed. Quito: Proyecto de Educacin Bilinge Intercultural; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. liii, 427 p. 4451. Cordero Alvarado, Leopoldo. Diccionario de 6,700 mximas, refranes, citas, expresiones y aforismos. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1958. 223 p. 4452. Cordero Palacios, Alfonso. Lxico de vulgarismos azuayos, 2 ed. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1985. xxv, 273 p. 4453. Crdova, Carlos J. El canto cuencano: resea comparativa del habla de Cuenca del Ecuador. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1975. 38 p. 4454. Crdova, Carlos J. Cestmir Loukotka y la clasificacin de las lenguas aborgenes del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 173-183. Also published in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 142149. 4455. Crdova, Carlos J. Vocabulario usado en la industria del tejido del sombrero de paja toquilla, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 203-221. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 101-119. 4456. Cornjeo, Justino. El quichua en el espaol del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana [para la] Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua, 1967. 118 p. 4457. Diccionario jbaro-castellano y castellano-jbaro, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 9:24/26 (jul./dic. 1924), 1-67. 4458. Discourse Grammar: Studies in Indigenous Languages of Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador, edited by Robert E. Longacre and Frances Woods. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1976-1977. 3 v. 4459. Domingo de Santo Toms. Arte de la lengua quichua. Leipzig: B.G. Teubner, 1891. 96 p. Facsimile reprint; originally published: Valladolid, 1560. Also republished as: La Primera gramtica quichua. Quito: Instituto Histrico Dominicano, 1947. xxxvi, 159 p. And as: Gramtica quichua. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995. 220 p. 4460. Duroni, Salvador. Diccionario de bolsillo del idioma Jbaro. Cuenca: Edit. J.M. Astudillo Regalado, 1928. 181 p. 4461. Encalada Vsquez, Oswaldo. Modismos cuencanos, 1 ed. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1990. 615 p.

4462. Encuentro Nacional de Lingistas (1: 1990: Ambato, Ecuador). Primer Encuentro Nacional de Lingistas: Ambato, 20-21 de septiembre de 1990, direccin general, Jorge Jcome C. Ambato: Casa de Montalvo, 1990. 236 p. 4463. Estudios acerca de las lenguas huarani (auca), shimigae y zapara. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1959. 48 p. Contents: Rachel Saint and Kenneth L. Pike, Notas sobre fonmica huarani; C. Peeke, Shimigae, idioma que se extinge; M. Catherine Peeke and M. Sargent, Pronombres personales en shimigae; M. Sargent, Vocabulario zaparo. 4464. Estudios fonolgicos de lenguas vernaculas del Ecuador. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin Pblica con la colaboracin del Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1975. xi, 112 p. 4465. Fauchois, Anne. El quichua serrano frente a la comunicacin moderna. Quito: Proyecto EBI, Convenio MEC-GTZ; Abya-Yala, 1988. 141 p. 4466. Garca, Erica C. and Ricardo L. Otheguy. Being Polite in Ecuador: Strategy Reversal under Language Contact, Lingua: International Review of General Linguistics, 61:2/3 (Oct./Nov. 1983), 103-132. 4467. Ghinassi, Juan. Gramtica terico-prctica y vocabulario de la lengua jbara. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1938. 137 p. 4468. Gnerre, Mauricio. The Decline of Dialogue: Ceremonial and Mythological Discourse Among the Shuar and Achuar of Eastern Ecuador, Native South American Discourse, edited by Joel Sherzer and Greg Urban (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1986), p. 307-341. 4469. Una Gramtica colonial del quichua del Ecuador, Sabine Dedenbach-Salazar Senz (ed.). Bonn: Bonner Amerikanische Studien; St. Andrews: Institute of Amerindian Studies, University of St. Andrews, 1993. x, 175 p. Transcribes and analyzes the anonymous, undated but apparently seventeenth-century, according to Dedenbach-Salazar Senz, Arte de la lengua jeneral del Cusco llamada quichua, the original (i.e., an eighteenth-century copy) of which is in the Archivo Nacional (Bogot). One of the few early grammars of Ecuadorian Quichua. The author may have been a Jesuit. Roswith Hartmann, however, dates this grammar to the early eighteenth century on the basis of internal evidence: see Hartmanns Fuentes quechuas de la poca colonial con referencia al Ecuador, Jahrbuch fr Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, 34 (1997), 53-72. 4470. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Cuestiones previas al estudio filolgico-etnogrfico de las Provincias de Imbabura y Carachi. Quito: Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 300 p. 4471. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Nombres y pueblos de la antigua Provincia de Imbabura, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./abr. 1921), 33-70. 4472. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Toponimia de las Provincias del Carchi, Obando, Tqueres e Imbabura para el estudio del idioma de los Pastos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1947. 234 p.

4473. Grimm, Juan M. La lengua quichua: (dialecto de la Repblica del Ecuador). Frigurgo de Brisgovia: B. Herder, 1896. xi, 26, 78, xliii, 124 p. A grammar and a dictionary. Reprinted: Quito: Proyecto de Educacin Bilinge Intercultural, Convenio MEC-GTZ, 1989. 4474. Guevara, Daro C. El castellano y el quichua en el Ecuador: historia, etimologa y semntica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 421 p. A basic work on Ecuadorian Spanish and the influence of Quichua thereupon. 4475. Guzmn, Manuel. Gramtica de la lengua quichua. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1920. 72 p. 4476. Guzmn, Manuel. Vocabulario de la lengua quichua cual se habla hoy en la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1920. 218 p. 4477. Harrison, Regina. The Quechua Oral Tradition: from Waman Puma to Contemporary Ecuador, Review: Latin American Literature and Arts, 28 (Jan./April 1981), 19-22. 4478. Harrison, Regina. Signs, Songs and Memory in the Andes: Translating Quechua Language and Culture. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989. xvi, 233 p. A superb study of Ecuadorian Quichua and Peruvian Quechua and of the cultures of their speakers. Also published in Spanish as: Signos, cantos y memoria en los Andes: traduciendo la lengua y la cultura quechua. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 291 p. 4479. Hartmann, Roswith. Quechuismo preincaico en el Ecuador?, IberoAmerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 5:3 (1979), 267-299. Rejects hypothesis that Quechua originated in the Ecuadorian Oriente and that it was subsequently disseminated throughout the highlands and south into Peru. 4480. Jake, Janice L. Grammatical Relations in Imbabura Quechua. New York: Garland Pub., 1985. 293 p. Originally presented as the authors thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. 1985. vi, 295 leaves. 4481. Jake, Janice L. Some Observations on Relativization in Imbabura Quechua, Studies in the Linguistic Sciences, 9:2 (Fall 1979), 109-129. 4482. Jaramillo de Lubensky, Mara. Ecuatorianismos en la literatura. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1993. xv, 209 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 13) 4483. Jijn y Caamao, Jacinto. Contribucin al conocimiento de las lenguas indgenas que se hablaron en el Ecuador interandino y occidental, con anterioridad a la conquista espaola: ensayo provisional, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:6 (mayo/jun. 1919), 340-413. 4484. Johnson, Orville E.; and Stephen H. Levinsohn. Gramtica secoya. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1990. 113 p.

4485. Jos de Mara. Gramtica y vocabulario jbaro, publicalos J. Jijn y Caamao, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 1:2 (ago./sept. 1918), 159-180; 1:3 (oct./nov. 1918), 351-361; 2:4 (ene./feb. 1919), 144-153; 2:5 (mar./abr. 1919), 281287. Also published as a separate: Quito: Universidad Central, 1918. 51 p. 4486. Larrea Borja, Piedad. Habla femenina quitea. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 70 p. 4487. Lemos R., Gustavo. Barbarismos fonticos del Ecuador; Suplemento a Semntica ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg de E.A. Uzcategui, 1922. 166 p. Part 1 is a study of 92 barbarisms. Part 2 (p. 83-134) or the supplement to item 4489, is an alphabetical list of common ecuatorianismos. 4488. Lemos R., Gustavo. Glotologa ecuatoriana: nombres toponmicos, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 47-100. 4489. Lemos R., Gustavo. Semntica o ensayo de lexicografa ecuatoriana: con un apndice sobre nombres nacionales compuesto de races quichuas. Guayaquil: Impr. y Papelera Sucre de J.F. Molestina, 1920. 222 p. 4490. Lengua y cultura en el Ecuador, Ileana [et al.]. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1979. 342 p. Contents: Ileana Almeida, Consideraciones sobre la nacionalidad kechua (p. 11-48); Ramiro Rivas Iturralde, Hacia una interpretacin de la cultura como sistemas de signos (p. 4991); Jos L. Pereira V., Algunos factores del bilingismo quichua-castellano (p. 93-126); Ruth Moya, Estructura del poder y prestigio lingstico en Toacazo (p. 127-196); Fausto H. Jara J., El profesor rural y el padre de familia frente a la educacin bilinge (p. 197-230); Marta de Diago, Consideraciones sobre la norma en la enseanza del castellano (p. 231-247); Julieta Haidar, Problemtica en torno a la forma estandar del quichua ecuatoriano (p. 249-323); Ileana Almedia and Julieta Haidar, Hacia un estudio semntico del quichua ecuatoriano (p. 325-342). 4491. Len, Luis A. Bosquejo histrico de las lenguas vernculas del Ecuador la educacin bilinge, Amrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./set.1974), 745-775. An important overview of the history of Indian languages in Ecuador. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, including published sources. Somewhat uncritical, however, in that Len tends to accept all studies and sources as equally valid. 4492. Leonardi, Jos. Lengua quichua, dialecto del Napo Ecuador: gramtica y diccionario. Quito: Editora Fnix, 1966. viii, 215 p. 4493. Lindskoog, John N.; and Carrie A. Lindskoog. Vocabulario Cayapa. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1964. 129 p. 4494. Lipski, John M. The Chota Valley: Afro-Hispanic Language in Highland Ecuador, Latin American Research Review, 22:1 (1987), 155-170.

4495. Lipski, John M. /S/-Voicing in Ecuadoran Spanish: Patterns and Principles of Consonantal Modification, Lingua, 79:1 (Sept.1989), 49-71. 4496. Lombedia Naranjo, Ernesto Baldomero. Ecuadorean Highland Quechua Phonology. 1976. xi, 146 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. 4497. Masson, Peter. Aspectos de cognicin y enculturacin en el habla intertnica: trminos de referencia y tratamiento intertnicos en Saraguro, Ecuador, Ibero-Amerikanische Archiv, 9:1 (1983), 72-129. 4498. Mateus, Alejandro. Riquezas de la lengua castellana y provincialismos ecuatorianos, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1933. 500 p. 4499. Montaluisa, Luis O. Historia de la escritura del quichua, Revista de la Universidad Catlica, 8:28 (nov. 1980), 121-145. 4500. Moore, Bruce R. Diccionario castellano-colorado, colorado-castellano. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1966. 126 p. 4501. Moreno Mora, Manuel. Diccionario etimolgico y comparado del kichua del Ecuador. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1955-1967. 2 v. As a dictionary of Quichua of some utility. Etymologically unsound, however, given authors belief that Quichua speaking Indians of Ecuador and their language were Mayan and ultimately Semitic in origin. It really did take the Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay 12 years to publish this work in its entirely. N.B. OCLC hyphenates Moreno-Mora for no valid reason. 4502. Moscoso Vega, Luis A. Deformaciones fonticas y grficas en el lxico de las artesanas azuayas. Cuenca: Departamento de Extensin Cultural, Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1968. 67 p. 4503. Mowitz, Gerhard. Introduccin al idioma achuar, 1 ed. Lima: Ministerio de Educacin: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1981. 144 p. 4504. Muysken, Pieter. Contactos entre quichua y castellano en el Ecuador, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 377-452. 4505. Muysken, Pieter. Halfway between Quechua and Spanish: the Case for Relexification, Historicity and Variation in Creole Studies, edited by Arnold Highfield, Albert Valdman (Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers, 1981), p. 52-78. 4506. Muysken, Pieter. Syntactic Developments in the Verb Phrases of Ecuadorian Quechua. Lisse: Peter de Ridder Press, 1977. 212 p. 4507. Naula Guacho, Juan. Bosquejo gramatical del quichua de Chimborazo: un estudio de la fonologa y sintaxis del quichua de la Provincia de Chimborazo basado en textos de la literatura oral y tradicional de la zona. Quito: [s.n.], 1975. 202 p. 4508. Obando Ordez, Pedro. Awa-Kwaiker: an Outline Grammar of a Colombian/Ecuadorian Language, with a Cultural Sketch. 1992. xv, 176 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin.

4509. Orbe, J. Estuardo. Matices del lenguaje popular otavaleo, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 266-273. 4510. Orr, Carolyn; and Betsy Wrisley. Vocabulario quichua del Oriente del Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1981. v, 163 p. 4511. Paris, Julio. Ensayo de la gramtica de la lengua quechua. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1892. xiii, 106 p. 4512. Paris, Julio. Gramtica de la lengua quechua, nueva ed. rev. y aum. con los vocabularios quechua-espaol y espaol-quechua, por padres de la Congregacin del Santsimo Redentor. Cuenca: [s.n.], 1924. 96, 155 p. 4513. Paris, Julio. Gramtica de la lengua quichua: actualmente en uso entre los indgenas del Ecuador, revisada y aumentada con los vocabularios quichua-espaol y espaol-quichua por Jos Mara Lvesque y Gilberto Meja. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1961. 200 p. Items 4511-4513 are important for the study of continuity and change in Quichua as spoken by indigenous peoples of the highlands. 4514. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Contribucin al estudio de las lenguas indgenas del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 14:40/41 (jul./dic. 1936), 40-54; 15:42/45 (ene./jun. 1937), 9-41. 4515. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. El espaol y el kechua, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 41:96 (jul./dic. 1960), 151-157. 4516. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Lenguas indgenas en el Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 20:56 (jul./dic. 1940), 162-178; 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 28-52; 21:58 (jul./dic. 1941), 145-170; 22:59 (ene./jun. 1942), 42-73; 26:67 (ene./jun. 1946), 79-92; 43:97 (ene./jun. 1961), 162-176; 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 193-229. A series of language by language studies (Pasto, Cara or Kara, Kito or Panzaleo, Puruguay or Puruhuay, and Caari). See also item 1109. 4517. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Lenguas indgenas en el Ecuador: diccionario toponmico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:68 (jul./dic. 1946), 205-220; 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 65-80; 28:71 (ene./jun. 1948), 80-96; 28:72 (jul./dic. 1948), 226-240; 29:73 (ene./jun. 1949), 48-64; 29:74 (jul./dic. 1949), 215-232; 30:75 (ene./jun. 1950), 57-74; 30:76 (jul./dic. 1950), 172-189; 31:78 (jul./dic. 1951), 239-267; 32:79 (ene./jun. 1952), 102-121; 32:80 (jul./dic. 1952), 206-226. Some parts appeared under the title: Diccionario toponmico. 4518. Peeke, M. Catherine. Preliminary Grammar of Auca. Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1973. viii, 135 p. 4519. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Diccionario castellano-shuar. Quito: Movimiento Laicos para Amrica Latina: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989-. <1> v.

See also the same authors: Chicham nekatai apach chicham-shuar chicham = Diccionario comprensivo castellano-shuar. Suca: Sistema de Educacin Radiofnica Bicultural Shuar, 1988. xxi, 714 p. 4520. Prez T., Aquiles R. El idioma cuayker. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1980. 23 p. 4521. Pesantes, Armando. La torre de Babel. Quito: A. Pesantes Garca, 1984. 386 p. An idiomatic dictionary of Ecuadorian Spanish. 4522. El Quichua de Imbabura: una gramtica pedaggica, Louisa R. Stark [et al.]. Otavalo: Instituto Inter-Andino de Desarrollo, 1973. vi, 290 p. 4523. Quintero, Mara Eugenia; and Mara Mercedes Cotacachi. Quiquinllatac quichua shimita yachacupai = Aprenda usted mismo el quichua. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 7 v. 4524. Ramos, Juan J. Apuntes para una gramtica quichua, Unin literaria (Cuenca), 1:2 (mayo 1893), 64-72; 1:5 (ago. 1983), 196-202. 4525. Reino Garcs, Pedro Arturo. Apuntes sobre el nivel fnico en el espaol ecuatoriano: consideraciones sobre los niveles lingsticos en las variantes dialcticas, Verba hispnica, 1 (1991), 89-96. 4526. Reino Garcs, Pedro Arturo. Clasificaciones de las lenguas indgenas en el Ecuador precolombino. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1992. 58 p. 4527. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Lxico sexual ecuatoriano y latinoamericano. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1979. 399 p. 4528. Salazar, Francisco Javier. La pronunciacin del castellano en el Ecuador, Revista ecuatoriana, 1:6 (jun. 1889), 209-216. 4529. Stark, Louisa R. Ecuadorian Highland Quechua: History and Current Status, South American Indian Languages: Retrospect and Prospect, edited by Harriet E. Manelis Klein and Louisa R. Stark (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985), p. 443-480. This and the following item are exceptionally useful digests of the state of knowledge regarding the history and recent past of indigenous languages in Ecuador. They also include detailed statements as to the numbers and geographic distribution of native speakers as of the early 1980s. Written in eminently intelligible prose. 4530. Stark, Louisa R. Indigenous Languages of Lowland Ecuador: History and Current Status, South American Indian Languages: Retrospect and Prospect, edited by Harriet E. Manelis Klein and Louisa R. Stark (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985), p. 157-193. Also published in Spanish as: Las lenguas indgenas de las tierras bajas de Ecuador: historia y condiciones actuales, Amrica indgena, 43:4 (oct./dic. 1983), 797-821. 4531. Stark, Louisa R. La lengua zpara del Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1981), 12-91.

4532. Stark, Louisa R.; and Pieter C. Muysken. Diccionario espaol-quichua, quichuaespaol, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas; Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1977. 366 p. An exceptionally well researched and epistemologically sound dictionary of Quichua. As of July 1997, equaled in importance only by Corderos Diccionario quichua-espaol (item 4441). Compiled from fourteen dialects of Quichua spoken in Ecuador. 4533. Studies in Ecuadorian Indian languages, edited by Benjamin F. Elson, 1st ed. Norman: Summer Institute of Linguistics of the University of Oklahoma, 1962. xii, 292 p. A de facto survey of indigenous languages of the coast, the highlands, and the Oriente. 4534. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El lenguaje rural en la regin interandina del Ecuador: lo que falta y lo que sobra. Quito: Edit. La Unin Catlica, 1961. 296 p. 4535. Torres Fernndez de Crdoba, Glauco. Diccionario kichua-castellano, yurakshimirunashimi. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1982-. <1 v.> An etymological dictionary. It is possible that only v. 1 (347 p.) appeared. 4536. Toscano, Humberto. El espaol en el Ecuador. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 1953. 478 p. (Revista de filologa espaola; anejo lxi) The benchmark study (i.e., the first scientific treatment and as of July 1997, still the most comprehensive treatise) of Ecuadorian Spanish. 4537. Vzquez, Honorato. El idioma castellano en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1925. 33 p. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 225242. 4538. Velasco, Juan de. Vocabulario de la lengua indica, introduccin, Oswaldo Romero Arteta; versin paleogrfica, notas y comentarios de Piedad Peaherrera de Costales y Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa; Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit, 1964. xxxv, 84 p. (Llacta; no. 20) An eighteenth-century Spanish Quichua vocabulary (p. 1-55). Velascos so-called Vocabulario B, consisting of 1,450 entries. His Vocabulario A remains unknown except for its preface and table of contents. Also republishes the rare Lima, 1753: Breve instruccin, o Arte para entender la lengua comn de los indios segn se habla en la Provincia de Quito (p. 57-84), attributed by Romero Arteta and others to the payans Jesuit Toms Nieto Polo del Aguila (1695-1777) (see item 4438). 4539. Vittadello, Alberto. Chapalaachi = El idioma cayapa. Esmeraldas: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Sede de Esmeraldas; Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 2 v. 4540. Vries, Lucie de. Poltica lingstica en Ecuador, Per y Bolivia. Quito: Proyecto EBI: CEDIME, 1988. 150 p.

4541. Workpapers Concerning Waorani Discourse Features, Evelyn G. Pike and Rachel Saint, eds. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1988. xx, 168 p. 4542. Ynez Cosso, Consuelo. akanchik llatapak shimi. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Instituto de Lenguas y Lingstica, 1975-1976. 3 v. A basic textbook. Contents: 1. Libro del estudiante; 2. Libro del maestro; 3. Mtodo audio-visual de quichua.

LITERATURE

The history of literature has been well cultivated in Ecuador, beginning with Pablo Herrera, Juan Len Mera, and Pedro Moncayo. Herrera (see items 4652 and 4646), Mera (items 4662 and 4868), and Moncayo (item 4663) were literary critics and historians as well as political commentators and historians. The multifaceted Herrera was also the founder of the Academia Nacional Cientfica y Literaria, forerunner of the Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua. Yet there are only a few general, modern surveys, notwithstanding the plethora of specialized studies. The most comprehensive, as of July 1997, was still Isaac J. Barreras fundamental as well as classic Historia de la literatura ecuatoriana (item 4572). Also important is Angel F. Rojass also classic, albeit considerably dated, 1948 La novela ecuatoriana (item 4700). Although Meras 1868 Ojeada histrico-crtica sobre la poesa ecuatoriana (item 4662) is generally considered to be the pioneering history and criticism of Ecuadorian poetry, interestingly enough the guayaquileo Vicente Emilio Molestina (1846-1875) had already published Lira ecuatoriana: coleccin de poesas lricas nacionales, escojidas i ordenadas con apuntamientos biogrficos (Guayaquil: Impr. y Encuad. de Calvo i C, 1866) in ix, 340 p. And in the same year that the first edition of Meras Ojeada histrico-crtica appeared, Molestina published in exile, whether voluntary or forced, Literatura ecuatoriana: coleccin de antigedades literarias, fbulas, epigramas, stiras y cuadros descriptivos de costumbres nacionales, escogidas y ordenadas con apuntamientos biogrficos (Lima: Tip. y Encuad. de A. Alfaro y C, 1868) in 163 p. For whatever reasons, Molestinas works are not nearly as well known as Meras. In addition to the works cited below, see the results of the Encuentros de Literatura Ecuatoriana, of which there have been at least five, also held in Cuenca. The first two were published in two special issues of Cultura (vol. 2, no. 6 [ene./abr. 1980] and vol. 4, no. 15 [ene./abr. 1983]). The results of the fifth appeared as a separate: Memorias del V Encuentro de Literatura Ecuatoriana, Cuenca, Ecuador, 22 al 26 de noviembre de 1993, apparently edited by Alfonso Carrasco Vintimilla (Cuenca: Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin, Universidad de Cuenca, 1995) in 466 p. I do not know if the results of the third and fourth Encuentros were published, but there is an interesting anthology La literatura ecuatoriana de las dos ltimas dcadas, 1970-1990, apparently edited by Diego Araujo Snchez, that consists of papers originally presented at a series of conferences held in Ecuador from 1978-1990 organized by the Facultad de Filosofa, Letras y Ciencias de la Educacin of the Universidad de Cuenca (Cuenca: Facultad de Filosofa de la Universidad de Cuenca; Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1993) in 528 p.

4543. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. Las clases sociales en las letras contemporneas de Ecuador, Panorama del actual literatura latinoamericana (Habana: Casa de las Amricas, 1969), p. 154166. An essay on the social context of Ecuadorian literature of the mid- twentieth century. 4544. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. La gran literatura ecuatoriana del 30. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984. 104 p. On the generation of the 1930s, especially the Grupo de Guayaquil. 4545. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. Huasipungo: el indio, persona o personaje?, Casa de las Amricas, 22:127 (jul./ago. 1981), 22-29. 4546. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. Jorge Enrique Adoum: entrevista en dos tiempos, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1988. 93 p. 4547. Agramonte y Pichardo, Roberto. Montalvo y la literatura francesa, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 297-333. 4548. Aguirre T., Fausto R. La lrica lojana: generacin potica de 1954. Loja: Universidad Nacional de Loja, 1987. 2 v. 4549. Aguirre T., Fausto R. Palabras y papeles. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1987. lv, 201 p. A survey of national literature of the twentieth century. Especially concerned with the use of language. 4550. Albn Gmez, Ernesto. La literatura ecuatoriana en el siglo XIX, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 8, p. 79-114. A less than satisfactory survey. Gives disproportionate coverage to Montalvo. 4551. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Algo sobre el movimiento literario nacional en la primera centuria de independencia: 24 de mayo de 1922. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1922. 38 p. 4552. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Literatos ecuatorianos: figuras culminantes ... Cuenca: V.M. Albornoz, 1934. 128 p. The great man approach. Focuses on Luis Cordero, Federico Proao, Miguel Moreno, Honorato Vasquez, Rafael M. Arzaga, and Manuel J. Calle. 4553. Albuja Galindo, Alfredo. Imbabura en la novela y el relato nacionales, Revista de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Imbabura, 33:32 (mayo 1986), 141-161. 4554. Alemn, Hugo. Presencia del pasado: 29 semblanzas y 1 paisaje. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1949. 2 v. Consists of twenty-nine biographical sketches of literary contemporaries of the author, mostly poets. 4555. Allison, Wayne L. A Thematic Analysis of the Contemporary Ecuadorian Novel. 1967. 230 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University.

4556. Amar, Marisol. La funcin del silencio en Arcilla indcil de Arturo Montesinos Malo, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 191-196. Arcilla indcil is a collection of short stories. 4557. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. El Ecuador intelectual: ndice del movimiento literario reciente. Crdoba, Argentina: B. Cubas, 1919. 27 p. 4558. Andrade y Cordero, Csar. Ruta de la poesa ecuatoriana contempornea: (contribucin para una crtica selectiva). Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1951. 128 p. Also published in: Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 3:4 (ago. 1951), 11-100. 4559. Antologa de la literatura femenina: 12 escritoras ecuatorianas. Quito: Comit Ecuatoriano de Cooperacin con la Comisin Interamericana de Mujeres, 1988. 107 p. 4560. Antologa de la oratoria cuencana, seleccin e introduccin, Jos Cuesta Heredia. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. lxii, 509 p. 4561. Antologa de la poesa cuencana , Antonio Lloret Bastidas [compilador]. Cuenca: Consejo Provincial del Azuay, Departamento de Cultura, 1980-1984. 4 v. 4562. Antologa de prosistas ecuatorianos, [prlogo y recopilacin de Pablo Herrera]. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1895-1896. 2 v. 4563. Antologa general de la poesa ecuatoriana durante la colonia espaola, recopilacin de Alejandro Carrin. Quito: Divisin de Cultura e Informacin, Banco de los Andes, 1992. 362 p. A useful anthology of 42 poets of the colonial period. Includes biographical notes. See also item 4583. 4564. Araujo Snchez, Diego. Panorama de la novela ecuatoriana de los ltimos aos, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 17-25. 4565. Araujo Snchez, Diego. Panorama del teatro ecuatoriano, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 94-109. 4566. Arias, Augusto. Panorama de la literatura ecuatoriana, 5 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 384 p. A standard text for many years. Now considered to be a classic. Originally published: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1936. 144 p. 4567. Arias Michelena, Rafael. La poesa de Euler Granda: una expresin dramtica de nuestro mundo degradado, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 151-175. 4568. Arias Michelena, Rafael. Texto literario y contexto ideolgico y su interrelacin en el primer modernismo ecuatoriano, Cultura, 4:9 (ene./abr. 1981), 149-195. 4569. Arzaga, Reginaldo Mara. Valores ecuatorianos: escritores y poetas. Quito: Litografa e Impr. Romero, 1942. xi, 346 p.

4570. El Azuay literario: versos escogidos acompaados de noticias biogrficas y de un ensayo de bibliografa, por Manuel Moreno Mora. Cuenca: Tip. de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1930-1932. 2 v. 4571. Balseca Franco, Fernando. En busca de nuevas regiones: la nacin y la narrativa ecuatoriana, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 8 (II sem. 1995-I sem. 1996), 152-164. Examines the concepts of nation state and the presence of regions in Miguel Riofros more or less forgotten La emancipada (1863)-- chronologically the first Ecuadorian novel written and published--Juan Len Meras Cumand (1879), Roberto Andrades Pancho Villamar (1900), and Luis A. Martnezs A la costa (1904). 4572. Barrera, Isaac J. Historia de la literatura ecuatoriana. Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 4 v. in 1 <1317 p.>. Reprint of third and final edition: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1953-1955. Began as: Literatura ecuatoriana: apuntaciones histricas in 1924; became Historia de la ... in 1944. The classic history of Ecuadorian letters. 4573. Barrera, Isaac J.; and Alejandro Carrin. Diccionario de la literatura latinoamericana: Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Unin Panamericana, 1962. xi, 172 p. Although out-of-date in so far as the section on autores ecuatorianos vivos is concerned, nonetheless, a valuable source of information on the life and oeuvre of past and present literati. 4574. Barrera Valverde, Oswaldo. Los recados de don Juan: de Pars a Catiglata, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 235-252. On Montalvo in Europe. 4575. Barriga Lpez, Franklin; and Leonardo Barriga Lpez. Diccionario de la literatura ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 590 p. Somewhat informative, but more anecdotal than biobibliographical. 4576. Barriga Lpez, Franklin; and Leonardo Barriga Lpez. Diccionario de la literatura ecuatoriana, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1980. 5 v. A chatty encyclopedia of past and present literati rather than a dictionary per se. The first ed. appeared in 1973 (see item 4575). 4577. Barriga Lpez, Leonardo. Valores humanos de Cotopaxi: semblanzas y antologa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 1 v. (299 p.) Only vol. 1 was published. Consists of biographic sketches and selections of writings of Ignacio Flores, Manuel Salcedo, Marco Tulio Varea, Eudfilo Alvarez, Flix Valencia, Alberto Semanato, Victoria Vsconez, Atanasio Viteri, and Alfonso Rumazo. 4578. Bister, Louis E. Diego Vigas Ecuador: the Imagination and Ideology of an Austrian Novelist in Latin America, Revista / Review interamericana, 17:3/4 (otoo/invierno = Fall/Winter 1988), 100-109.

Diego Viga is the nom de plume of Paul Engel, a native Austrian, a Jew, and a physician who has lived in South America, mostly in Colombia and Ecuador since 1938, and who has published several novels on Ecuador, in Spanish as well as in German. 4579. Bravo, Eliane Hubard de. Roman et socit en Equateur (1930-1949). Cuernavaca, Mxico: Centro Intercultural de Documentacin, 1970. 1 v. in various paginations. A solid study of the ideological goals and textually achieved results of the Generation of 1930. 4580. Caldern Chico, Carlos. Pedro Jorge Vera se confiesa: poltica y literatura. Quito: Fondo Edit. de la UNP, 1985. 123 p. Includes a lengthy dialogue with Vera. 4581. Carrasco Vintimilla, Alfonso. El ensayo y la crtica literaria ecuatoriana en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 401-417. 4582. Carrin, Alejandro. Galera de retratos: estudio sobre literatura ecuatoriana. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 182 p. 4583. Carrin, Alejandro. Los poetas quiteos de El ocioso en Faenza. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957-1958. 2 v. A Historia y crtica (vol. 1) of the eighteenth century Jesuits in exile, and a compilation of their Textos poticos (vol. 2). Reprinted: Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 266 p. (Obras completas de ... ; vol. 10). See also item 4563. 4584. Carrin, Benjamn. Indice de la poesa ecuatoriana contempornea. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Ercilla, 1937. xxx, 169 p. Includes biobibliographical sketches of the poets indexed. 4585. Carrin, Benjamn. El libro de los prlogos. Quito: Imgenes y Sonido, 1979. vi, 339 p. An anthology of the authors prologues to the works of others. 4586. Carrin, Benjamn. El nuevo relato ecuatoriano: crtica y antologa, 2 ed. rev. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 1124 p. 4587. Carrin, Carlos. El cuento ecuatoriano contemporneo: visin tcnico formaltemtica, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 151-166. 4588. Carrin de Fierro, Fany. Jos de la Cuadra, el realismo mgico y la cultura hispanoamericana, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 38 (dic. 1986), 139-162. 4589. Cordero de Espinosa, Susana. Panorama de los estudios crticos sobre la obra de don Juan Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./abr. 1982), 15-93. 4590. Crdova, Jos Hernn. Itinerario potico de Jorge Carrera Andrade. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1986. 204 p.

4591. Corral, Will H. Ecuador, Handbook of Latin American Literature, edited by David William Foster, 2d ed. (New York: Garland Publishing, 1992), p. 287-316. An informed as well as informative overview. Intended primarily for English readers, yet the accompanying bibliography lists works only in Spanish. 4592. Corrales Pascual, Manuel. Cumand, 1879-1979: contribucin a un centenario. Quito: Ediciones Universidad Catlica, 1979. 283 p. 4593. Corrales Pascual, Manuel. Jorge Icaza: frontera del relato indigenista. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1974. 274 p. A study of Icazas novels: Huasipungo (1934), En las calles (1935), Cholos (1937), Huairapamuschas (1948), and El chulla Romero y Flores (1958). 4594. Corrales Pascual, Manuel. Nuestra narrativa en el contexto latinoamericano, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 38-44. 4595. Corrales Pascual, Manuel. Situacin del relato ecuatoriano: cincuenta opiniones y una discusin. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica, 1977. 2 v. 4596. Crespo de Pozo, Mara Rosa. Una clave para la interpretacin de Boletn y elega de las mitas, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 335-349. An essay on one of the poems of Csar Dvila Andrade. 4597. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Las letras en el Ecuador, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 245-252. 4598. Cueva, Agustn. Lecturas y rupturas: diez ensayos sociolgicos sobre la literatura del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Planeta, 1986. 209 p. Reprints item 4600 among other essays. Although worth reading, this set suffers from excessively rigid application of historical materialism to periodization and analysis of national literature. His characterization of the so-called generation of 1930, for example, as petty bourgeois in origin is simply not true. Apparently the majority were from upper middle class and even upper class families. 4599. Cueva, Agustn. La literatura ecuatoriana. Buenos Aires: Centro Editor de Amrica Latina, 1968. 64 p. Notwithstanding the authors Marxist orientation, considered to be one of the better introductions to Ecuadorian literature. 4600. Cueva, Agustn. Literatura y sociedad en el Ecuador, 1920-1960, Revista iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (July/Dec. 1988), 629-647. 4601. Cueva, Agustn. El mtodo materialista histrico aplicado a la periodizacin de la historia de la literatura ecuatoriana: algunas consideraciones tericas, Casa de las Amricas, 22:127 (jul./ago. 1981), 31-48.

4602. Cumand, 1879-1979: contribucin a un centenario, Manuel Corrales Pascual, editor; con la colaboracin de Francisco E. Aguirre V. [et al.]. Quito: Ediciones de la Universidad Catlica, 1979. 285 p. 4603. Cuvi Snchez, Mara; and Alexandra Martnez Flores. El muro interior: las relaciones de gnero en el Ecuador de fines del siglo XX. Quito: CEPLAES, 1994. 156 p. A study of the literature being produced by women on women issues. 4604. Chanady, Amaryll. La ambivalencia del discurso indigenista en la nueva narrativa ecuatoriana, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, 17:34 (1992), 53-71. 4605. Da Silva, Zenia Sacks. The Contemporary Ecuadorian Novel. 1955. vi, 618 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University. 4606. Dvila Vsquez, Jorge. Tal era su iluminado alucinamiento, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo./ago. 1980), 39-83. An appreciation of Pablo Palacio. 4607. Delgado Santos, Francisco. Ecuador y su literatura infantil: estudio y bibliografa, 2 ed. Quito: Subsecretara de Cultura del Ministerio de Educacin 1984. 249 p. 4608. Daz, Oswaldo. El negro y el indio en la sociedad ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Bogot: Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1978. 73 p. A study of blacks and Indians in Ecuadorian society as presented in novels and short stories. 4609. Diez, Luis A. The Apocalyptic Tropics of Aguilera Malta, Latin American Literary Review, 10:20 (Spring/Summer 1982), 31-40. 4610. Donoso Pareja, Miguel. Cuentistas del Ecuador. Mxico: Secretara de Educacin Pblica, Subsecretara de Asuntos Culturales, 1969. 76 p. The author is a cultural promoter as well as a literary critic. 4611. Donoso Pareja, Miguel. Los grandes de la dcada del 30. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1985. 114 p. Attempts to contextualize the literature of the generation of 1930. 4612. Donoso Pareja, Miguel. La literatura de protesta en el Ecuador, Revista Iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (July/Dec. 1988), 977-999. 4613. Donoso Pareja, Miguel. Nuevo realismo ecuatoriano: la novela despus del 30. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984. 91 p. 4614. Donoso Pareja, Miguel. Sin nimo de ofender. Guayaquil: Vicerectorado Acadmico de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1990. 184 p. An essay on contemporary literature. 4615. Los Dos primeros poetas coloniales ecuatorianos: siglos XVII y XVIII: Antonio de Bastidas, Juan Bautista Aguirre, estudio y selecciones del Padre Aurelio Espinoa Plit, S.J. [y]

Gonzalo Zaldumbide. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 599 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [6]) Also includes selections from the poetry of Jacinto de Evia. 4616. Dulsey, Bernard. La narrativa ecuatoriana del decenio 1960-1970, Nueva narrativa latinoamericana, 2:1 (ene. 1972), 169-177. 4617. Egez, Ivn. Algunos problemas de la novela histrica, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 453-465. 4618. Encalada Vzquez, Oswaldo. Panorama de la poesa ecuatoriana, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 263-272. 4619. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Los clsicos y la literatura ecuatoriana, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1938. 52 p. 4620. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Temas ecuatorianos. Quito: Edit. Clsica, 1954. 362 p. 4621. Espinoza, Herberto. Lucha de clases y determinismo histrico en la narrativa ecuatoriana. 1985. xii, 176 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, San Diego. 4622. Fabr-Maldonado, Niza. Americanismos, indigenismos, neologismos y creacin literaria en la obra de Jorge Icaza, 1 ed. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1993. 319 p. 4623. Fernndez, Mara del Carmen. El realismo abierto de Pablo Palacio en la encrucijada de los 30, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1991. 489 p. 4624. Flores, Carlos Alberto. Laureles. Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1916. 58 p. An appreciation of Jos Joaqun de Olmedo, Numa P. Llona, Francisco Campos, and Nicols Augusto Gonzlez, and of their works. 4625. Flores Jaramillo, Renn. Jorge Icaza: una visin profunda y universal del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1979. 89 p. 4626. Gallegos Naranjo, Manuel. Parnaso ecuatoriano: con apuntamientos biogrficos de los poetas y versificadores de la Repblica del Ecuador, desde el siglo XVIII hasta el ao de 1879. Quito: Impr. de Manuel V. Flor, 1879. 585 p. One of the earliest compendia of Ecuadorian poets, with appreciations of their poetry and sketches of their lives and careers. 4627. Gallo Almeida, Luis. Literatos ecuatorianos. Quito: Tip. de la Prensa Catlica, 1921. 249 p. A standard secondary level text in the 1920 and 1930s. Covers intelligentsia in general (i.e., historians, journalists, and orators as well as literati). Also appeared in a second and third editions: Riobamba: Tip. La Buena Prensa del Chimborazo, 1927 (326 p); Quito: Tall. Grf. del Colegio Militar, 1938 (338 p.). 4628. Gama e Silva, Vicente. Hacia una sociologa de la literatura: acercamiento a la novela Pequeas estaturas, de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 6191.

4629. Garca, Juan. La poesa negra en el Ecuador. Esmeraldas: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 151 p. 4630. Garca-Barrio, Constance. Blacks in Ecuadorian Literature, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 535-562. An anthropological study of cultural themes in black literature and literature on blacks. More specifically examines the depiction of the history, folklore, daily life and customs, racial mixture, and racial identity of blacks on the coast, especially in the Province of Esmeraldas. Also touches upon conflicts of culture. 4631. Gerdes, Dick. An Embattled Society: Orality Versus Writing in Alicia Yez Cossos La cofrada del mullo del vestido de la virgen pipona, Latin American Literary Review, 18:2 (July/Dec. 1990), 50-58. 4632. Graetzer Alvarez, Margarita. El cuento en el Ecuador: panorama de su desarrollo, Dactylus, 5 (Spring 1986), 36-38. 4633. Graetzer Alvarez, Margarita. Los cuentos de Csar Dvila Andrade: desde la tristeza milenaria hacia la iluminacin, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 33-71. 4634. Guerra Cceres, Alejandro. Semana grfica: historia de una revista notable, Crnica del ro, 4/5 (sept. 1993), 51-58. 4635. Handelsman, Michael H. Amazons and Artists: a Study of Ecuadorian Womens Prose. 1976. viii, 208 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 1976. Published in Spanish as: Amazonas y artistas: un estudio de la prosa de la mujer ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1978. 2 v. See also the anthology edited by Handelsman, Diez escritoras ecuatorianas y sus cuentos. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 171 p. 4636. Handelsman, Michael H. Bruna, soroche y los tos: an Ecuadorian Woman Writers Contribution to Contemporary Femenist Fiction, Revista de estudios hispnicos, 15:1 (ene. 1981), 35-42. An appreciation of the novel and its author, Alicia Yez Cosso (1929-). 4637. Handelsman, Michael H. El cuento femenino en Ecuador, Cuadernos del Guayas, 46 (jun. 1978), 28-46. 4638. Handelsman, Michael H. Del tzantzismo al desencanto: un recorrido de treinta aos en la crtica literaria del Ecuador, Revista de crtica literaria latinoamericana, 16:31/32 (1990), 139-152. A superb review of recent literary criticism in Ecuador. 4639. Handelsman, Michael H. En torno al verdadero Benjamn Carrin. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1989. 133 p. A solid, objective evaluation of the personality and work of Carrin.

4640. Handelsman, Michael H. La poca modernista del Ecuador a travs de sus revistas literarias publicadas entre 1895 y 1930, Hispania, 66:1 (Mar. 1983), 40-47. Handelsman is an authority on modernism. See also items 93 and 4641. 4641. Handelsman, Michael H. Un estudio de la poca modernista del Ecuador a travs de sus revistas literarias publicadas entre 1895 y 1930, Cultura, 4:9 (ene./abr. 1981), 196-212. Reprinted in item 93. 4642. Handelsman, Michael H. Incursiones en el mundo literario del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Edit. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1988. 185 p. Essays on the literature and literary developments of the twentieth century. 4643. Handelsman, Michael H. La revolucin cubana desde el Ecuador: Benjamn Carrin y la segunda independencia de Amrica, SECOLAS Annals: Journal of the Southeastern Council on Latin American Studies, 22 (Mar. 1991), 62-67. 4644. Handelsman, Michael H. Ubicando la literaura afroecuatoriana en el contexto nacional: ilusin o realidad?, Afro-Hispanic Review, 12:1 (Spring 1993), 42-47. 4645. Harritos, Mary J. Las novelas de Pedro Jorge Vera. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1989. 133 p. 4646. Heise, Karl H. El grupo de Guayaquil: arte y tcnica de sus novelas sociales. Madrid: Playor, 1975. 154 p. 4647. Herrera, Pablo. Ensayo sobre la historia de la literatura ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1860. 149 p. Herrera inaugurated literary history and criticism in Ecuador. Reprinted several times, including in: Boletn de la Biblioteca Nacional, nueva ser., 2:8 (ene./feb. 1927), 37-65; 2:9 (mar./abr. 1927), 73-124. 4648. Hidalgo de Velasco, Laura. Acercamiento a Entre Marx y una mujer desnuda, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 66-82. 4649. Hidrovo Peaherrera, Horacio. Historia de la literatura manabita y su identidad regional. Portoviejo: Edit. Gregorio, 1979. 154 p. 4650. Iglesias Mata, Dumar. Testimonio cultural de Manab. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1984. 492 p. 4651. Indice de la narrative ecuatoriana, editores Gladys Jaramillo Buenda, Raul Prez Torres, Simn Zavala Guzmn, 1 ed. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1992. 752. A guide to fiction writers who published between 1960 and 1988 and their work. A useful reference work. Organized alphabetically but not indexed. Each entry consists of a brief biobibliography and of a summary and evaluation of a representative work of the author. 4652. Iturburu Rivadeneira, Fernando. Palabra invadida: comentarios de literatura ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: FEDESO, 1988. 98 p.

A survey of recent literary movements and workshops. 4653. Jcome, Gustavo Alfredo. Breve aproximacin al estilo de Montalvo, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 95-123. 4654. Johnson, Julie Greer. El nuevo Luciano and the Satiric Art of Eugenio Espejo, Revista de estudios hispnicos, 23:3 (1989), 67-85. 4655. Letras de la Audiencia de Quito: perodo jesutico, seleccin, prlogo y cronologa de Hernn Rodrguez Castelo. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1984. lxxxi, 312 p. Includes selections from: the hagiographies of Jacinto Morn de Buitrn (1668-1749) (p. 6384) and Francisco Xavier Antonio de Santa Mara (b. 1710) (p. 85-96); portions of the autobiographies of Sor Gertrudis de San Ildefonso (d. 1709) (p. 97-115) and Sor Catalina de Jess Herrera (1717-1796?) (p. 117-135); the mysticism of the Franciscan Jos Maldonado (d. 1652) (p. 137-160); the oratory of the Jesuits Alonso de Rojas (d. 1653) (163-166), Isidro Gallego (167-169), Pedro de Rojas (b. 1640) (p. 171-182), and Juan Bautista Aguirre (17251786) (p. 183-203); and the poetry of Aguirre (p. 207-297). 4656. La Literatura ecuatoriana en los ltimos 30 aos (1950-1980), Hernn Rodrguez Castelo [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 132 p. Publishes the ponencias of the Seminario-Simposio de la Literatura Ecuatoriana en los Ultimos 30 Aos: Hernn Rodrguez Castelo, Lrica ecuatoriana (p. 11-40); Cecilia Ansaldo Briones, El cuento ecuatoriano en los ltimos treinta aos (p. 41-68); Diego Araujo Snchez, Tendencias en la novela de los treinta ltimos aos (p. 69-99); Alejandro Moreno, El escritor, la sociedad y el poder (p. 101-132). 4657. Lorente Medina, Antonio. La narrativa menor de Jorge Icaza. Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, Departamento de Literatura Espaola, 1980. 325 p. A somewhat mechanical doctoral dissertation but important given the relative neglect of Icazas short stories. 4658. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. Una revolucin y una novela: breves consideraciones alrededor del 9 de julio de 1925 y La advertencia de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1959. 35 p. 4659. Martnez Arvalo, Pablo. Niveles terico-estructurales de un Texto con personajess, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 83-101. A study of Jorge Enrique Adoums 1976 Entre Marx y una mujer desnuda. 4660. Mata, G. Humberto. Historia de la literatura morlaca. Cuenca: Edit. Amazonas, 1957-1959. 2 v. Vol. 2: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Apparently the only vols. published. Contents: vol. 1, Materiales para el estudio de la literatura morlaca; vol. 2, Remigio Crespo Toral. 4661. Megenny, William W. Color y sicologa social en Juyungo de Adalberto Ortiz, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 5:3 (1979), 199-213.

4662. Mera, Juan Len. Ojeada histrico-crtica sobre la poesa ecuatoriana: desde su poca ms remota hasta nuestros das, 2 ed. Barcelona: Impr. y Litogr. de Jos Cunil Sala, 1893. x, 633, ii p. Original ed.: Quito: Impr. de J.P. Sanz, 1868. The second edition includes several additional appendices: Carta al Sr. D. Manuel Caete sobre D. Jos Joaquin de Olmedo (p. 455-493); Breve estudio sobre las cartas inditas de Olmedo (p. 494-505), Cartas al seor don Juan Valera (p. 506-588); Carta al seor don Antonio Rubo y Lluch, en contestacin la suya sobre el americanismo en la poesa (p. 589-612); and Carta sobre otras cartas al Excmo. Sr. Dr. D. Antonio Flores (p. 613-633). 4663. Moncayo, Pedro. Ensayo sobre la Historia de la literatura ecuatoriana, por Pablo Herrera, Museo Histrico, 17:51 (abr./jun. 1971), 1-65. Reprint; originally published: Santiago de Chile: Impr. y Librera del Mercurio de Santos Tornero, 1861. 4664. Montalvo B., Yolanda. La supersticin en la narrativa de Estupin Bass, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 177-196. 4665. Monteforte Toledo, Mario. La narrativa ecuatoriana 1930-1940: limitado aporte a un estudio necesario, Casa de las Amricas, 21:126 (mayo/jun. 1981), 27-38. 4666. Montesinos, Jaime. Las fugas y los encuentros en la poesa de Csar Dvila Andrade, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 314-334. 4667. Narradores ecuatorianos del 30: J. Gallegos Lara, E. Gil Gilbert, A. Aquilera Malta, Pablo Palacio, Jorge Icaza, A. Pareja Diezcanseco, seleccin y cronologa: Pedro Jorge Vera. Caracas: Biblioteca Ayacucho, 1980. lxi, 702 p. 4668. Nuez Snchez, Sergio. El Ecuador en su literatura, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 253-264. 4669. Orro, Margarita B. Presencia del neoindigenismo en el Ecuador: Por qu se fueron las garzas? de Gustavo Alfredo Jcome, Cultura, 5:14 (set./dic. 1982), 149-159. 4670. Palabra viviente: libro del Taller de Literatura Esperpentos del Departamento de Difusin Cultural del Banco Central en Cuenca, [Jorge Arzaga A. and others]. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 171 p. 4671. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. El mayor de los cinco, Cahiers de monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 117-139. An appreciation of Jos de la Cuadra. 4672. Pareja Diezcanseco, Alfredo. El reino de la libertad en Pablo Palacio, Casa de las Amricas, 22:127 (jul./ago. 1981), 3-20. 4673. Pazos Barrera, Julio. La poesa ecuatoriana en el contexto de la poesa latinoamericana despus de 1950, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 290-313. 4674. Prez, Galo Ren. Pensamiento y literatura del Ecuador: crtica y antologa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 519 p.

4675. Prez Agusti, Carlos. El lenguaje cinematogrfico en el relato ecuatoriano contemporneo, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 167-183. 4676. Pesntez Rodas, Rodrigo. Literatura ecuatoriana: sexto curso, ed. actualizada. Quito: Edit. del Pacfico, 1986. 504 p. A senior high/junior college level text, but apparently the only chronologically and thematically comprehensive survey of Ecuadorian literature attempted by Pesntez, at least as of July 1997. 4677. Pesntez Rodas, Rodrigo. La nueva literatura ecuatoriana. T. 1. Poesa. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1966. 219 p. Only vol. 1 published. Includes biobibliographical data on 33 poets born between 1918 and 1945. 4678. Pesntez Rodas, Rodrigo. Presencia de la mujer ecuatoriana en la poesa. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1960. 317 p. 4679. Prada Oropeza, Renato. La metaliteratura de Pablo Palacio, Hispamrica: revista de literatura, 10:28 (abr. 1981), 3-17. 4680. Proao, Ernesto B. Figuras y antologa de la literatura ecuatoriana, 3 ed. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1965. 374 p. 4681. Prosistas de la colonia: siglos XVI-XVIII, estudio y selecciones de Miguel Snchez Astudillo [et al.]. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1959. 611 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [11]) 4682. Rabassa, Clementine Christos. El espritu pico de Aguilera Malta, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 17-21. 4683. Rabassa, Clementine Christos. Demetrio Aguilera Malta and Social Justice: the Tertiary Phase of Epic Tradition in Latin American Literature. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1980. 301 p. Authors doctoral dissertation. Also published in Spanish as: En torno a Aguilera Malta: temas picos y negros. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1981. 269 p. 4684. Rendn, Vctor Manuel. Escritoras ecuatorianas, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 112-114. 4685. Rengifo Achig, Alberto. La narrativa de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 411 p. (Biblioteca de la revista Cultura; 5) 4686. Rengifo Achig, Alberto. El punto de vista y el sentido de la novela El secuestro del General, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 23-34. 4687. Ribadeneira Meneses, Edmundo. La moderna novela ecuatoriana, 2 ed Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1981. 235 p.

4688. Richards, Henry J. La jornada novelstica de Nelson Estupin Bass: bsqueda de la perfeccin. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1989. 149 p. 4689. Rivas Iturralde, Ramiro. La produccin potica en Jorge Carrera Andrade y Jorge Enrique Adoum, Cultura, 3 (ene./abr. 1979), 350-366. 4690. Robles, Humberto E. La nocin de vanguardia en el Ecuador: recepcin y trayectoria (1918-1934), Revista Iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (July/Dec. 1988), 649-674. A preview as it were of the book Robles published the following year: La nocin de vanguardia en el Ecuador: recepcin, trayectoria, documentos (1918-1934), 1 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1989. 203 p. 4691. Robles, Humberto E. Pablo Palacio: el anhelo insatisfecho, Cahiers de monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 141-156. 4692. Robles, Humberto E. Pablo Palacio y sus Guantes de operar, Crnica del ro, 4/5 (sept. 1993), 8-15. 4693. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. La guayaquilea Catalina de Jess Herrera, religiosa de coro del Monasterio de Santa Catalina de Quito, figura grande de la prosa del XVIII en la Audiencia de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977), 143-184. Primarily an analysis of her Autobiografa de la Vble. Madre Sor Catalina de Jess Ma. Herrera : religiosa de Coro del Monasterio de Santa Catalina de Quito (Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1950). 4694. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Literatura ecuatoriana, 1830-1980, Cultura, 4:9 (ene./abr. 1981), 61-126. Rodrguez Castelo is an outstanding but sometimes excessively rhetorical literary critic. 4695. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Literatura ecuatoriana, 1830-1980. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 173 p. 4696. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. La literatura ecuatoriana en los ltimos 30 aos (19501980). Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 132 p. 4697. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Literatura en la Audiencia de Quito, siglo XVII. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1980. 583 p. 4698. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Lrica ecuatoriana contempornea: crtica y antologa . Bogot: Crculo de Lectores, 1979. 2 v. (720 p.). 4699. Rojas, Angel F. La novela de los ltimos aos: temas, tendencias, procedimiento, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 26-37. 4700. Rojas, Angel F. La novela ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1948. 234 p. An important introduction to the history of Ecuador since independence as well as an insightful and well written analysis of the countrys novelists, other literati, and their works

inasmuch as Rojas devotes approximately half of this survey of the years 1830-1945 to political, economic, and social developments and events. 4701. Ruffinelli, Jorge. Pablo Palacio: literatura, locura y sociedad, Revista de crtica literaria latinoamericana, 5:10 (1979), 47-60. 4702. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. Estudio de la literatura ecuatoriana 1900-1980, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2255), p. 211-257. Tends to be excessively adulatory. 4703. Sackett, Theodore Alan. Metaliteratura e intertextualidad en el ltima ficcin de Jorge Icaza, Revista iberoamericana, 54:144/145 (July/Dec. 1988), 753-762. 4704. Sacoto, Antonio. 14 novelas claves de la litertura ecuatoriana, 3 ed. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1992. 432 p. 4705. Sacoto, Antonio. 20 aos de novela ecuatoriana (1970-1990). Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1992. 93 p. 4706. Sacoto, Antonio. El bandolero o revolucionario en la nueva novela ecuatoriana de denuncia, Cuadernos americanos, 235:2 (mar./abr. 1981), 195-208. 4707. Sacoto, Antonio. El ensayo ecuatoriano. Cuenca: Universidad del Azuay, 1992. vii, 252 p. Examines the essays of the eighteenth-century Eugenio Espejo, the nineteenth-century Vicente Solano, Juan Len Mera, and Juan Montalvo, the twentieth-century Manuel J. Calle, Remigio Crespo Toral, and others. 4708. Sacoto, Antonio. The Indian in the Ecuadorian Novel. New York: Las Americas, 1967. 271 p. A somewhat rambling discourse on Meras Cumand and Icazas Huasipungo. The authors doctoral dissertation (Columbia University). 4709. Sacoto, Antonio. Juan Montalvo, el escritor y el estilista. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1987. 329 p. Reprint, originally published: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 4710. Sacoto, Antonio. La novela ecuatoriana en el contexto de la latinoamericana, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 45-65. 4711. Sacoto, Antonio. La nueva novela ecuatoriana. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural, Universidad de Cuenca, 1981. 252 p. A comprehensive study of the new novel. Strong on plot analysis. Reprinted: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1987. 4712. Sacoto, Antonio. Siete lunas y siete serpientes, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 4555.

4713. Sacoto, Antonio. Sobre autores ecuatorianos. Cuenca: Departamento de Extensin Cultural del Concejo [Municipal], 1972. 254 p. 4714. Sacoto, Antonio. Sobre el ensayo ecuatoriano contemporneo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 160 p. Includes interviews with Ecuadorian and other Latin American authors. 4715. Sacoto, Antonio. Vigencia del indigenismo ecuatoriano a raz de Porqu se fueron las garzas, Cultura, 4:10 (mayo/ago. 1981), 23-50. 4716. Salazar Tamariz, Hugo. Poesa y sociedad, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 273-289. 4717. Salomon, Nol. Sobre la imitacin de El Quijote por Juan Montalvo: unas pistas a seguir, Cultura, 5:12 (ene./mar. 1982), 253-274. 4718. Santos, Nelly E. La poesa femenina ecuatoriana, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 367376. 4719. Schlutar, Barbara. Historias literarias en el Ecuador: una revisin, Revista de crtica literaria latinoamericana, 15:30 (1989), 319-324. 4720. Schlutar, Barbara. Literatura y praxis social en el Ecuador: la novela La Advertencia de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 52 p. 4721. Schwartz, Kessel. The Contemporary Novel of Ecuador. 1953. 256 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. 4722. Schyttner, Eugene. Vida y obras de autores ecuatorianos. Havana: Edit. Alfa, 1943. 1 v. (102 p.) Only vol. published. 4723. Scott, Nina M. Alicia Yaez Cosso: una perspecitva femenina sobre el pasado del Ecuador, Discurso literario: revista de temas hispnicos, 4:2 (primavera 1987), 623-630. 4724. Situacin del relato ecuatoriano: nueve estudios, edicin e introduccin de Manuel Corales Pascual. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1977. 380 p. A mixed bag of essays on established and then new fiction writers. 4725. Straub, William John. Cosmovisin de Jorge Carrera Andrade, Cuadernos del Guayas, 47 (nov. 1979), 26-41. 4726. Tinajero, Fernando. De la evasin al desencanto. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 115 p. A useful survey of national letters, especially of literature, in the 1900s. 4727. Torres Prez, Ral. El cuento ecuatoriano contemporneo, Casa de las Amricas, 22:127 (jul./ago. 1981), 167-170.

4728. Ujukam, Yolanda; Fanny Antun; and Alicia Awanach. Mujer y poesa en el pueblo shuar. , 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Bomboiza: Instituto Normal Bilinge Intercultural Shuar, 1991. 208 p. 4729. Uzctegui, Emilio. Novelas y novelistas en el Ecuador, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 6 (mayo/jul. 1965), 16-27. 4730. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Juan Montalvo. Quito: Edit. Indoamrica, [1983?]. 125 p. 4731. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Lxico y smbolo de Juan Montalvo: ensayo de interpretacin lexicolgica y semiolgica de Las Catalinarias. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 236 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 42) 4732. Valdano Morejn, Juan. Panorama del cuento ecuatoriano: etapas, tendencias, estructuras y procedimientos, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 115-150. 4733. Valverde, Mara E. El elemento mtico en la narrativa de Demetrio Aguilera Malta, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 35-44. 4734. Varas, Patricia Eugenia. La nueva narrativa y la cultura nacional-popular en el Ecuador: tres narradores representativos. 1990. 263 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto. Examines the works of the urban novelists Ivn Egez, Ral Prez Torres, and Jorge Velasco Mackenzie. Published in Spanish as: Narrativa y cultura nacional. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1993. 221 p. 4735. Vsconez, Francisco. Historia de la literatura ecuatoriana. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. de Prensa Catlica, 1919. 285, 195 p. 4736. Vsconez, Francisco. Olmedo y sus obras: estudio histrico-crtico. Guayaquil: Librera e Impr. Gutenberg de Elicio A. Uzctegui, 1920. 275 p. 4737. Velasco Mackenzie, Jorge; and Fernando Balseca Franco. Cuento y sociedad: relaciones con la situacin histrica, poltica, econmica e ideolgica, Cultura, 2:3 (ene./abr. 1979), 184-190. 4738. Vetrano, Anthony Joseph. The Ecuadorian Indian and Cholo in the Novels of Jorge Icaza. 1966. 290 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Syracuse University. 4739. Vieira V., Len. 12 escritores ecuatorianos contemporneos y una glosa. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1976. 361 p. 4740. Waag, C. Michael. Absurdity, Hyperbole and the Grotesque in Demetrio Aguilera Maltas Last Novel Requiem para el diablo 1978, Secolas Annals, 20 (1989), 56-62. 4741. Waag, C. Michael. Political Satire through Popular Music and a Popular Vision of Reality: La Linares, a New Novel from Ecuador, Perspectives on Contemporary Literature, 13 (1987), 50-57.

4742. Waag, C. Michael. Una ojeada a la novelstica de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco, Cuadernos del Guayas, 57 (jun. 1994), 37-58. 4743. Walker, Michael Lee. The Black Social Identity in Selected Novels of Nelson Estupin Bass and Adalberto Ortz. 1977. 194 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Riverside. 4744. Yepez Pazos, Flix. Escritores contemporneos del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1975. 302 p. 4745. Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. Cuatro clsicos americanos: Rod, Montalvo, fray Gaspar de Villarroel, P. J. B. Aguirre. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1951. 269 p.

FOLKLORE

4746. Alfarera de Pujil: (contribucin), Elvia de Tejada [et al.], Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 101-118. 4747. Agro, Roberto J. La pasada del huagra: el ritual para la fertilidad entre los indios caaris del Azuay y otros elementos afines a este, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 191-202. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 89-100. 4748. Alvarez M., Gustavo. El nio de Isinche, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 181-185. 4749. Antologa del folklore ecuatoriano (1653-1963): trescientos diez aos de estudios sobre la cultura tradicional del Ecuador: 33 autores, 51 textos, [edicin de] Paulo de CarvalhoNeto. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1964. 318 p. (Tratado del folklore ecuatoriano; II) Reprinted: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 384 p. 4750. Ao por ao: las fiestas de San Pedro en Ayora-Cayambe, Irene Cabay [et al.]. Ayora: Proyecto Integral Ayora; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 132 p. 4751. Arosemena M., Alfredo. Da de finados en Uyumbicho, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 175-196. Uyumbicho is a pueblo in the Province of Pichincha. 4752. Astudillo y Astudillo, Jorge. Perfil folklrico de la caa en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte, 1982. 173 p. 4753. Balarezo C., Piedad; and Enma Brito A. Un estudio antropolgico de las fiestas tradicionales de Baos, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 9 (abr. 1986), 9-176. The Baos in question is that of Azuay, not that of Tungurahua. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 9 (abr. 1986), 9-176.

4754. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Calendario folklrico. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crdito Educativo y Becas, 1984. 59 p. 4755. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Episodios folklricos y otras crnicas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981-1982. 2 v. 4756. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. El folklore ecuatoriano. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1980. 104 p. 4757. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Los mitos en la regin andina, Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Andino de Artes Populares del Convenio Andrs Bello, 1984. 145 p. 4758. Bermejo de Crespo, Esther. To Conejo y To Tigre: cuentos populares negroecuatorianos, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 7-57. 4759. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Seduccin o castigo: el poder de los cerros en la sierra del Ecuador, Folklore americano, 50 (jul./dic. 1990), 213-228. 4760. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. Un juego de pishca al huairu en Quingeo, Azuay, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 10 (abr. 1989), 9-38. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 10 (abr. 1989), 9-38. 4761. Cantos de amor y de guerra: Aguaricu shayari, [compilados por] Alessandra FolettiCastegnaro. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 103 p. Songs in Quichua and Spanish. 4762. Carpenter, Lawrence Kidd. Notes from an Ecuadorian Lowland Quechua Myth, Latin American Indian Literatures Journal, 1:1 (Spring 1985), 47-62. 4763. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Un caso de mestizaje cultural: los toros en el folklore ecuatoriano, sus races hispnicas, Revista de Indias, 24:95/96 (ene./jun. 1964), 221-228. 4764. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Diccionario del folklore ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1964. 489 p. (Tratado del folklore ecuatoriano; I) As of July 1997, the basic reference work. Consists of 1,324 entries. Arranged alphabetically. Well indexed. 4765. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Enmascarados en la Hacienda San Galo, Burgay, Prov. del Caar, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 281-290. 4766. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Fiesta de la Virgen Dolorosa, Humanitas (Quito), 6 (1968), 68-72. 4767. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Folklore potico: (apuntes de sistemtica), 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1966. 295 p. Includes Cancionero ecuatoriano: (investigaciones de campo), por Vicente Mena y Mercedes Montero con la colaboracin de Magdalena Lalama, Franklin Montahuano, Carlota Rendn (p. 141-275).

4768. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Geografa del folklore ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. 138 p. (Tratado del folklore ecuatoriano; III) 4769. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. Historias a lo divino: 24 historias a lo divino, populares y tradicionales en el Ecuador, colectadas y re-narradas. Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Centro de Estudios Folklricos, 1979. 342 p. 4770. Carvalho-Neto, Paulo de. El septenario: (una fiesta tradicional de Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay), Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1 (ene. 1968), 9-41. 4771. Cisneros C., Napolen. Octava de Corpus en Quisapincha, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 155-174. Quisapincha is in the Province of Tungurahua 4772. Coba Andrade, Carlos Alberto. Literatura popular afroecuatoriana. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 283 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 43) 4773. Coplas populares del Azuay, [recopiladas y estudiadas] por Gustavo Garzn, 1 ed. Quito: El Conejo, 1987. 40 p. 4774. Cornejo, Justino. Chigualito chigual: (biografa completa del villancico ecuatoriano). Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1959. 228 p. 4775. Cornejo, Justino. Lengua i folklore. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1963. 144 p. 4776. Cuentos folklricos de la costa del Ecuador: 26 registros de la tradicin oral ecuatoriana, [recopilados con una introduccin por] Paulo de Carvalho-Neto; clasificacin de tipos y motivos por Stanley L. Robe. Mxico, D.F.: Servicios Bibliogrficos, Secretara General del IPGH, 1976. 237 p. There is also a second volume, containing an additional seventeen stories. 4777. Cuentos folklricos del Ecuador: 52 registros de la tradicin oral, [recopilados con una introduccin por] Paulo de Carvalho-Neto, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1966. 305 p. Items 4777 and 4776 have been reprinted as: Cuentos folklricos del Ecuador: (sierra y costa): volmenes I-II-III. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. xii, 499 p. See also: Cuentos folklricos del Ecuador. Vol. 4. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 386 p. 4778. Curi quinti: Ecuador llactamanta huinai causai rimaicuna = El Colibr de oro: literatura oral quichua del Ecuador, [recopilacin y estudio de] Len Coloma M., Mara Mercedes Cotacachi, Mara Eugenia Quintero, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIME, 1986. 193 p. 4779. Chauvin Hidalgo, Luis. De Loja con humor. Quito: Asociacin Lojana, 1986. 143 p. Anecdotes, customs, and folklore of the city of Loja. 4780. Da de difuntos en Otavalo, Leonardo Tejada [et al.], Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 95-113. 4781. Dioses y diablos: tradicin oral de Caar, Ecuador, textos quichuas recogidos y traducidos por Rosaleen Howard-Malverde. Pars: A.E.A., 1981. 325 p.

In Spanish and Quichua. 4782. Dixon, Heriberto. Folklore afro-ecuatoriano reflejado a travs de la literatura, Crculo: revista de cultura, 13 (1984), 71-77. 4783. Fiesta de la Mama Negra, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 5-82. 4784. La Fiesta de San Pedro en Sayaus, Carlos Ramrez Salcedo [et al.], Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 3 (1969), 89-142. 4785. La Fiesta religiosa campesina: Andes ecuatorianos, investigacin dirigida por Marco Vinicio Rueda. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Departamento de Antropologa, 1982. 395 p. 4786. Fintzelberg, Nicholas Milton. The Form, Meaning and Function of a Duende Legend in the Santa Elena Peninsula. [1975?]. vii, 294 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Davis. 4787. Fock, Niels; and Eva Krener. La suerte y Taita Carnaval en Caar, Revista de antropologa, 6 (jul. 1979), 9-36. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 6 (jul. 1979), 15-42. 4788. Folklore de Imbabura: contribucin, Paulo de Carvalho-Neto [et al.], Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 9-93. 4789. Folklore de Licn y Sicalpa: (contribucin), Jorge Enrique Adoum [et al.]. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 67 p. 4790. Folklore del vestido azuayo-caari. Cuenca: Direccin de Publicaciones Municipales, 1958. 21 p. 4791. El Folklore imbabureo, Humanitas (Quito), 6 (1965), 65-71. 4792. Fuentes Roldn, Alfredo. Finados en Caldern, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 155-174. Caldern is in the Province of Pichincha. 4793. Gondard, Pierre. El Giganton Cabelludo: un mito agrario sobre la rotacin de cultivos andinos. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 26 p. 4794. Gonzlez Muoz, Susana. El pase del nio. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural, Universidad de Cuenca, 1981. 209 p. 4795. Guaraca Caldern, Jos A. Los danzantes de Socarte (Prov. del Caar), Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 11 (jul. 1991), 48-105. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 11 (jul. 1991), 48-105. 4796. Guevara, Dario C. Auto de la adoracin al Nio Jess, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 153-180.

4797. Guevara, Dario C. Breve ojeada sobre el desarrollo cientfico del folklore en el Ecuador, Folklore americano, 3:3 (nov. 1955), 52-70. Also published in: Museo Histrico, 8:22 (1956), 135-166. 4798. Guevara, Dario C. Comidas y bebidas ecuatorianas, Folklore americano, 8/9 (1960/1961), 217-284. See also item 4799. 4799. Guevara, Dario C. Expresin ritual de comidas y bebidas ecuatorianas. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1960. 55 p. Reprinted from: Humanitas (Quito), 2:1 (1960), 37-84. 4800. Guevara, Dario C. Introduccin al estudio del folklore ecuatoriano: I-III, Museo Histrico, 7:21 (1955), 111-137. 4801. Guevara, Dario C. Un mundo mgico-mtico en la mitad del mundo: folklore ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1972. 468 p. A dictionary of Ecuadorian folklore. 4802. Guevara, Dario C. La quema del Ao Viejo en Quito, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 119-147. 4803. Guevara, Dario C. Tradiciones etiolgicas del Ecuador, Folklore americano, 2 (1954), 51-64. 4804. Gutirrez Estvez, Manuel. Sobre el origen de algunas creencias populares, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 6 (jul. 1979), 55-77. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 6 (jul. 1979), 61-83. 4805. Hartmann, Roswith. Achikee, Chificha y Mama Huaca en la tradicin oral andina, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 12 (feb. 1994), 180-197. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 12 (feb. 1994), 180-197. 4806. Hartmann, Roswith; and Udo Oberem. Aportes al juego del huairu, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 8 (dic. 1983), 67-101. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 8 (ene. 1984), 67-101. 4807. Hartmann, Roswith; and Udo Oberem. Textos quechuas del Oriente ecuatoriano, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7 (1987), 129-181. Transcribes and comments on Quijos Quechua and Canelos Quechua texts of legends and traditions. 4808. Hidalgo Alzamora, Laura. Coplas del carnaval de Guaranda, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984. 301 p. 4809. Hidalgo Alzamora, Laura. Dcimas esmeraldeas: recopilacin y anlisis socioliteraria, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 474 p.

4810. Hidalgo Alzamora, Laura. Literatura oral popular del Ecuador: las dcimas esmeraldeas, Afro-Hispanic Review, 6:1 (Jan. 1987), 19-26. 4811. Holm, Olaf. Jaile: cordelera rural en la costa del Ecuador, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 12 (feb. 1994), 198-207. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 12 (feb. 1994), 198-207. 4812. Houser, Cristina de. Consideraciones sobre los Cuentos folklricos del Ecuador, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 169-181. Discusses the classification system employed by Carvalho-Neto and Robe in item 4776. 4813. Houser, Cristina de. Fiesta de Reyes en Quisapincha, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 41-120. Quisapincha is in the Province of Tungurahua. 4814. Howard, Rosaleen. Dioses y diablos: tradicin oral de Caar-Ecuador. Paris: Amerindia, 1981. 325 p. Publishes her doctoral dissertation: Quichua Tales from Caar, Ecuador. 1978. Saint Andrew University. 4815. Howard, Rosaleen. Significados de dyablu en el relato quichua de Caar, Ecuador, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 325-354. 4816. Howard, Rosaleen. Turkey Buzzard Tales of the Ecuadorean Quichua, Folklore Studies in the Twentieth Century: Proceedings of the Centenary Conference of the Folklore Society, edited by Venetia J. Newall (Woodbridge, UK: Rowman and Littlefield, 1981), p. 240246. 4817. Huerta Rendn, Francisco. De nuestro pasado aborigen: la sonrisa, lo sexual, brujera y medicina. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1946. 29 p. 4818. Imbabura taita parlan: recopilacin de la tradicin oral indgena, Jos M. Chvez [compilador]. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1989. 190 p. 4819. Landvar, Manuel A. Adoracin de los Reyes Magos al Divino Infante (drama en siete actos), Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 3 (1969), 13-88. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 9-84. 4820. Landvar, Manuel A. Contribucin a mitos y leyendas en el Azuay y Caar, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 101-120. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 4 (nov. 1971), 101-120. 4821. Landvar, Manuel A. Contribucin al folklore potico en el Azuay, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 121-180; 4 (1973), 88-110. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 4 (nov. 1971), 121-180; 5 (dic. 1973), 88-110.

4822. Landvar, Manuel A. Fiesta de la Inmaculada Concepcin en Uzhupud, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 3 (1969), 168-178. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 164-177. 4823. Landvar, Manuel A. Fiesta de Navidad en Cuenca y sus alrededores, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 126-189. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 24-88. 4824. Landvar, Manuel A. Fiesta del Seor de las Aguas en Girn, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 6-74. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 4 (nov. 1971), 6-74. 4825. Landvar, Manuel A. Fiesta del Seor de Pomasqui de Challuabamba, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 2 (1968), 13-43. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 1 (1969), 9-39. 4826. Landvar, Manuel A. Folklore potico: refranes y aforismos, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 7 (jul. 1981), 58-113. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 7 (nov. 1981), 58-113. 4827. Landvar, Manuel A. La octava de Corpus en Turi, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1 (1968), 43-111. 4828. Landvar, Manuel A. Octava de Corpus en Turi, 1969, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 3 (1969), 182-186. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 178-181. 4829. Landvar, Manuel A. Ofrendas florales en Saraguro, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 3 (1969), 157-167. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 153-163. 4830. Madero Moreira, Mauro. El folklore mdico del litoral ecuatoriano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11:27 (1961), 63-75. 4831. Madero Moreira, Mauro. Voces, usos y costumbres del folklore mdico ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1967. 164 p. 4832. Matu to cuenta: cuentos tradiciones de los Tsachila (Colorados), introduccin, Robert L. Mix, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 56-101. 4833. Mena, Vicente. Algunas adivinanzas ecuatorianas, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 169-181. 4834. Montero, Mercedes; and Vicente Mena. Onomstica de transportes, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 197-208. 4835. Moreno, Segundo Luis. El equinoccio de setiembre en Cotacachi: (la fiesta de Santa Ana), Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 189-211.

4836. Moscoso Vega, Luis A. Leyendas y tradiciones orientales. Cuenca: Tall. de el Mercurio, 1937. 56 p. 4837. Pazos Barrera, Julio. Literatura popular: versos y dichos de Tungurahua. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 275 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 35) 4838. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. El quishihuar, o, El arbol de Dios. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, Divisin de Antropologa Social, 1966-1982. 3 v. (Llacta; 23-24) Vol. 3: Quito: Instituto Andino de Artes Populares. More detailed than Carvalho-Netos Diccionario del folklore ecuatoriano, but not as well done. The authorss reactions (vol. 1, p. v-xv) to Carvalho-Netos discussion of the history of the study of folklore in Ecuador and corresponding bibliography (item 4764, p. 53-64) will be appreciated by advocates as well as opponents of nationalistic studies. 4839. Pesntez de Moscoso, Gloria. Huasipichana, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 4 (dic. 1973), 30-42. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 30-42. 4840. Pintado Arevalo, Ruben. Costumbres y folklore del Cantn Girn: breve historia del cantn y su problematica costumbrista, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 10 (abr. 1989), 39-98. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 10 (abr. 1989), 39-98. 4841. Pintado Arevalo, Ruben. La fiesta de toros, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 8 (dic. 1983), 9-43. A study of the festival of the bulls in Girn. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 8 (ene. 1984), 9-43. See also item 4850. 4842. Rahier, Jean. La dcima: poesa oral negra del Ecuador. Quito: Abya-Yala: Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, [1987?] 186 p. 4843. Ramrez de Morejn, Mireya. Folklore de la zona norte esmeraldea, 1 ed. Esmeraldas: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 396 p. 4844. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Algunas fiestas del folklore ecuatoriano, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 11 (jul. 1991), 106-122. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 11 (jul. 1991), 106-121. 4845. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Aportes al folklore potico narrativo ecuatoriano, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 1 (1969), 65-101. 4846. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Un da de la fiesta del patrn Santiago en Gualaceo, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1 (ene. 1968), 136-173. 4847. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Folklore lingstico, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 12 (feb. 1994), 208-221.

Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 12 (feb. 1994), 208-221. 4848. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Materiales, formas y tamaos de algunas cruces de casas en Cuenca, Provincia del Azuay, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 4 (1973), 9-29. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 9-29. Reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), p. 96-116. 4849. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Observaciones en torno a un cuento, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 6 (jul. 1979), 37-54. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 6 (jul. 1979), 43-60. 4850. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Resea cronolgica de la fiesta del toro en Girn, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 8 (dic. 1983), 44-66. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 8 (ene. 1984), 44-66. 4851. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos; Gloria Malo de Ramrez; and Manuel Agustn Landvar. La fiesta de San Pedro en Sayaus, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 2 (1970), 85-138. 4852. Salomon, Frank. La yumbada: un drama ritual quichua en Quito, Amrica indgena, 41:1 (ene./mar., 1981), 113-134. A well written, informative essay on a ritual that is much more than a manifestation of local folklore. Yumbo dancing, at least as of the 1970s, was an expression and reaffirmation of Quito Runa identity--increasingly submerged in everyday life in postmodern times, but nonetheless still very much part of folk mentality--and of continuing Quito Runa ties with their counterparts in the Pacific and Amazonian lowlands. Also published in English as: Killing the Yumbo: a Ritual Drama of Northern Quito, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 162-208. 4853. Seor de la Buena Esperanza: (una fiesta popular de Checa), Oswaldo Viteri [et al.], Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 83-100. 4854. Taruca: Ecuador quichuacunapac rimashca rimaicuna = La Venada: literatura oral quichua del Ecuador, compilacin de Fausto Jara J., traduccin de Fausto Jara J. y Ruth Moya. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1982. 319 p. An anthology of myths, legends, stories, and poems of highland Quichua speakers in Quichua and in Spanish translation. 2 ed.: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 318 p. 4855. Tejada, Elvia de. Calendario actual de las fiestas del folklore ecuatoriano, Humanitas (Quito), 5 (1964), 88-94. 4856. Tejada, Elvia de. Carnaval en Guaranda, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 209-280. 4857. Tejada, Elvia de. Feria de Saquisil, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 125-152.

4858. Tinajero Martnez de Allen, Eugenio. Leyendas indgenas. Ambato: Impr. de Educacin, 1954. 156 p. 4859. Tradiciones coreguajes, [compiladas por] Margarita Jimnez. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1989. 112 p. 4860. Vzquez Fuller, Beatriz. Algunas costumbres indgenas, Amrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./set. 1974), 677-683. 4861. Vintimilla de Crespo, Eulalia. La leyenda de la Mama-Huaca, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1 (ene. 1968), 174-179. 4862. Viteri, Oswaldo. La fiesta de San Miguel en Llacshn, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1 (ene. 1968), 112-135. 4863. Viteri, Oswaldo. Lamentacin de una plaidera en Otavalo, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 1 (oct. 1965), 115-123. 4864. Viteri, Oswaldo. Seor de la Buena Esperanza, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 2 (nov. 1966), 85-100. 4865. Wilgus de Isas, Judith. Fiestas folklricas ecuatorianas, Amrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./set. 1974), 629-649.

MUSIC, THEATRE, RADIO, AND TELEVISION

As of the late 1990s, the history of music in Ecuador was inadequately known. But in addition to the pioneering works of Segundo Luis Moreno (items 4916-4920) and of Robert M. Stevenson (items 4949 and 4950), see Carlos Alberto Coba Andrades Visin histrica de la msica en el Ecuador in item 571, p. 33-62.

4866. Alexander, Francisco. Msica y msicos: ensayos en miniatura. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1970. 300 p. Alexander was a well known music critic, mostly for El Comercio and El Sol. 4867. Alzamora V., Gerardo. Sntesis histrica de la msica ecuatoriana, Anales de la Universidad Central, 86:341 (1957), 99-118. 4868. Antologa ecuatoriana: cantares del pueblo ecuatoriano, compilacin formada por Juan Len Mera. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1892. xxvi, 504 p. Precedida de un estudio sobre ellos e ilustrada con notas acerca del lenguaje del pueblo y seguido de varias antiguallas curiosas. Also available in a reprint as: Cantares del pueblo ecuatoriano (Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984). Although undeniably a perduring as well as significant work, especially for its time, the songs collected by Mera are not necessarily representative of the people inasmuch as Mera modified the language in accordance with academic norms and suppressed those songs containing obscenidades y frases de repugnante

bascosidad. For a critique of Meras Cantares del pueblo ecuatoriano see Laura Hidalgo Alzamoras Coplas del carnaval de Guaranda (item 4808). 4869. Arellano Mendzabel, Pablo. El Conservatorio Nacional de Msica, Opus (Quito), 12 (abr. 1986), 27-32; 13 (mayo 1986), 19-22. 4870. Arellano Mendzabel, Pablo. La opera nacional, Opus (Quito), 2: 3 (ago. 1986), 2527. 4871. Aretz, Isabel. Cuatro mil aos de msica en el Ecuador: catlogo. Caracas: Instituto Interamericano de Etnomusicologa y Folklore, 1976. 77 p. 4872. Arias Altamirano, Ramn. El teatro guayaquileo: quimera y realidad, Guayaquil 70 (item 6793), p. 186-192. 4873. Astudillo Ortega, Juan Mara. Dedos y labios apolineos. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1956. 125 p. An anthology of essays on the performance of music in Ecuador. 4874. Barroso, Gladys; and Sergio Barroso. Msica y danza en la fiesta del capitn de la comunidad salasaca: (Prov. del Tungurahua), Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 12 (feb. 1994), 9-179. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 12 (feb. 1994), 9-179. 4875. Berghmans, Jos. Hacia el conocimiento, preservacin y desarrollo de Latacunga: msica indgena quichua ecuatoriana, Cultura, 3:8 (sept./dic. 1980), 171-174. 4876. Burton, Julianne. Ecuador: One Film Does Not a Movement Make, Film Quarterly, 30:1 (Fall 1976), 36-37. 4877. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Museo de Instrumentos Musicales. Catlogo general del Museo de Instrumentos Musicales de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 74 p. 4878. Coba Andrade, Carlos Alberto. Constantes y variantes en la etnomusicologa y folklore, Sarance, 1:1 (oct. 1975), 28-44. 4879. Coba Andrade, Carlos Alberto. Danzas y bailes en el Ecuador. Quito: Abya-Yala, [1985]. 58 p. 4880. Coba Andrade, Carlos Alberto. Instrumentos musicales ecuatorianos, Sarance, 7 (oct. 1979), 70-95. 4881. Coba Andrade, Carlos Alberto. Instrumentos musicales populares registrados en el Ecuador. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981-1992. 2 v. (Coleccin Pendoleros; 46, 47) 4882. Coplas del carnaval de Chimborazo: formalizacin y clasificacin de un fenmeno potico popular, Santiago Pez [compilador]; anexo de anlisis y ejecucin musical por Washington Barreno. Quito: Instituto Andino de Artes Populares del Convenio Andres Bello, 1986. 148 p.

4883. Correa Bustamante, Francisco Jos. Cantares inolvidables del Ecuador, 11 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana Justicia y Paz, [1985]. 404 p. Useful for biobibliographical data on popular composers. The first edition appeared in 1982. 4884. Cronologa de la cultura cinematogrfica, 1849-1986, Teresa Vsquez [et al.] Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1986. 101 p. (Historia del cine en el Ecuador; no. 1) 4885. Dvila Vsquez, Jorge. Aproximacin al teatro ecuatoriano contemporneo, Cultura, 3 (ene./abr. 1979), 381-396. 4886. Descalzi, Ricardo. Historia crtica del teatro ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 6 v. 4887. Espinosa Cordero, Simn. La televisin en Quito, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 411-419. An analysis of program offerings as of the early 1980s and the role of television in the promotion of culture. 4888. Espinosa Plit, Aurelio. Resea histrica del himno nacional ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1948. 95 p. 4889. Estrella, Ulises. Reflexiones sobre el cine ecuatoriano, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 257-261. Includes some information on alternative film making in the 1970s. 4890. Estrella, Ulises. Situacin y proyecciones del teatro en el Ecuador, Conjunto, 12 (1972), 62-65. 4891. Estrella, Ulises. El teatro obrero en el Ecuador, Conjunto, 9 (1970), 117-120. 4892. Gabor, Charles G. Antologa: introduccin a la msica folklrica del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 61 p. 4893. Galich, Manuel. Noticias ecuatorianas de teatro, Conjunto, 8 (1969), 116-119. 4894. Godoy Aguirre, Mara. Florilegio de la msica ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Edit. del Pacfico, [1988?] 606 p. A potpourri of history of music in Ecuador and of Ecuadorian music. 4985. Guarderas, Ruben. La danza en los ltimos veinte aos, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 311-318. Examines developments and events of the 1970s and early 1980s. 4896. Guerrero, Juan Agustn. La msica ecuatoriana desde su origen hasta 1875, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 54 p. (Fuentes y documentos para la historia de la msica en el Ecuador; 1) Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1876.

The pioneering survey of the history of music during the national period. Covers the years 1825 through 1875. 4897. Guerrero, Juan Agustn. Yaraves quiteos: msica ecuatoriana en el siglo XIX. Quito: Direccin de Educacin y Cultura, I. Municipio de Quito, 1993. 89 p. 4898. Guevara, Gerardo. Estado actual de la msica, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 287293. Includes some historical data. 4899. Harcourt, Raoul d; and Marguerite Bclard dHarcourt. La msica de los Incas y sus supervivencias. Lima: Occidental Petroleum Corp. of Peru, 1990. xxii, 605 p. Originally published in French as: Musique des Incas et ses survivancs. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1925. 2 v. A study of Andean music at large. 4900. Harrison, Frank; and Joan Harrison. A Villancico Manuscript in Ecuador: Musical Acculturations in a Tri-Ethnic Society, Studien zur Tradition in der Musik, Hans Heinrich ed. (Mnchen: Eggebrecht & Max L. tolf, 1973), p. 101-119. 4901. Hickmann, Ellen. Instrumentos musicales del Museo Antropolgico del Banco Central del Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 11-140; 7:7 (1987), 729. 4902. Hickmann, Ellen. Musik aus dem Altertum der Neuen Welt: archologische Dokumente des Musizieren in prkolumbischen Kulturen Perus, Ekuadors und Kolumbiens. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1990. 491 p. 4903. Idrobo Urigen, Jaime. Instrumentos musicales prehispnicos del Ecuador: estudio de la exposicin Msica Milenaria. Cuenca: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987. 202 p. 4904. Jaramillo Ruiz, F. Rogelio. Loja, cuna de artistas: monografa sobre la msica de la Provincia de Loja, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1983. 470 p. 4905. Jimnez de la Espada, Marcos. Yaraves quiteos, Actas del Cuarto Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Madrid, 1881), vol. 2, p. 162, i-lxxxviii. The text of the yaraves were furnished by Juan Agustn Guerrero, the acting director of the National Conservatory (1871-1872). See also item 4897. 4906. Landvar, Manuel A. Contribucin al folklore musical en Azuay y Caar Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 43-66. 4907. Landvar, Manuel A. Msica folklrica y popular, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 6 (jul. 1979), 78-116. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 6 (jul. 1979), 84-122. 4908. Luzuriaga, Camilo. La produccin cinematogrfica, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 263-273. A critical review of film making, past as well as present, in Ecuador.

4909. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. Del realismo al expresionismo: el teatro de Aguilera-Malta. Madrid: Plaza Mayor, 1971. 204 p. 4910. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. La generacin del 60 y el teatro, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 157-170. 4911. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. La generacin ecuatoriana del treinta y el teatro, CLE (Mxico), 8 (1970), 18-24. 4912. Luzuriaga, Gerardo A. Notas sobre el teatro ecuatoriano, Latin American Theatre Review, 11:2 (1978), 91-93. 4913. Meier, Max. Was, ein einheimischer Autor?: Theaterform und Publikationsstrukturen in Ecuador, Peru und Bolivien, Theater Zeit Schrift: Beitrage Zu Theater, Medien, Kulturpolitik, 2:24 (Sommer 1988), 93-103. 4914. Monteros, Raimundo M. Msica autctona del Oriente ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio del Gobierno, 1942. 30 p. 4915. Mora, Alba Luz. La televisin en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Edit. Amauta, 1982. 271 p. Apparently the only detailed study of television in the country, at least as of July 1997. 4916. Moreno, Segundo Luis. Historia de la msica en el Ecuador. Vol. 1. Prehistoria. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 225 p. Projected to have been a comprehensive history of music in Ecuador, Moreno died before he could complete what was to have been his opus magnus. Vol. 1 covers contemporary as well as pre-Hispanic Indian and folk music. See also items 4918 and 4919. 4917. Moreno, Segundo Luis. La msica de los Incas: (rectificacin a la obra intitulada La musique des Incas et ses survivances por Ral y Margarita dHarcourt). Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 179 p. Critiques and glosses item 4899. 4918. Moreno, Segundo Luis. La msica en el Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 2, p. 187-276. A prcis of the history of music in Ecuador during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 4919. Moreno, Segundo Luis. La msica en la Provincia de Imbabura: (apuntes para la historia de la msica en el Ecuador). Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1923. 39 p. 4920. Moreno, Segundo Luis. Msica y danzas autctonas del Ecuador = Indigenous Music and Dances of Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1949. 158 p. In Spanish and English. 4921. Moreno Egas, Jorge. La escuela de msica del Convento de San Agustn de Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 9 (1988), 135-139.

4922. Morlas Gutirrez, Alberto. Florilegio del pasillo ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. J. Ricke, 1961. 486 p. 4923. Muoz, Juan Pablo. La msica en Quito, Amrica (Quito), 9:58 (nov./dic. 1934), 489-496. 4924. National Popular Theatre in Quito, World Theatre, 16:5/6 (1967), 538-541. In English and French. 4925. Nez Snchez, Jorge. Pasillo: cancin de desarraigo, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 223-230. 4926. Ordez, Marcelo. Danza y definicin cultural, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./mar. 1984), 319-325. An essay on the study and performance of ballet in the country. 4927. Pietri Levy, Anne Lise. Entretien avec le groupe Jatari: la nouvelle chanson en Equateur, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 48 (1987), 127-133. 4928. Riedel, Johannes. The Ecuadorean Pasillo: Msica Popular, Msica Nacional, or Msica Folklrica?, Latin American Music Review, 7:1 (Spring/Summer 1986), 1-25. 4929. Rodrguez Castelo, Edmundo. El cine y su problemtica legal, Cultura, 6:18a (ene./abr. 1984), 275-283. 4930. Rodrguez Castelo, Hernn. Teatro ecuatoriano, Cuadernos hispanoamericanos, 58:172 (abr. 1964), 81-119. A comprehensive review of the history of the theater in Ecuador from the late nineteenth century through 1963. 4931. Rolando, Carlos A. La msica en el Ecuador, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 11:26/28 (1958), 197-218. 4932. Senz Andrade, Bruno. Aspectos de una poltica de desarrollo musical, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 295-302. 4933. Senz Andrade, Bruno. La msica en 1979: la Orquestra Sinfnica Nacional, Cultura, 2:4 (mayo/ago. 1979), 225-231. 4934. Senz Andrade, Bruno. Msica y poltica cultural, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 183-186. 4935. Salamea Carpio, Diego. Instrumentos musicales populares de la Provincia del Caar. Cuenca: Fondo de Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1986. 121 p. 4936. Salgado, Luis H. El Conservatorio de Msica y sus directores, Anales de la Universidad Central, 80:333/334 (jul./dic. 1952), 217-223. 4937. Salgado, Luis H. Msica verncula ecuatoriana, Revista de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana (Quito), 4:11 (1951), 365-376.

4938. San Flix, Alvaro. Radiodifusin en la mitad el mundo: apuntes histricos. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1991. 214 p. 4939. San Flix, Alvaro. Teatro de intencin poltica en el Ecuador, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 209-225. 4940. Schechter, John Mendell. Corona y Baile: Music in the Childs Wake of Ecuador and Hispanic South America, Past and Present, Latin American Music Review, 4:1 (Spring/Summer 1983), 1-80. 4941. Schechter, John Mendell. The Indispensable Harp: Historical Development, Modern Roles, Configurations, and Performance Practices in Ecuador and Latin America. Kent: Kent State University Press, 1992. viii, 288 p. 4942. Schechter, John Mendell. Music in a Northern Ecuadorian Highland Locus: Diatonic Harp, Genres, Harpists, and Their Ritual Function in the Quechua Childs Wake. 1982. xxii, 947 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. Includes transcriptions of songs and dances. 4943. Schechter, John Mendell. Quechua Sanjuan in Northern Highland Ecuador: Harp Music as Structural Metaphor on Purina, Journal of Latin American Lore, 13:1 (Summer 1987), 27-46. See also Schechters Latin America/Ecuador, in Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the Worlds Peoples, Jeff Todd Titon, general editor, 2nd ed. (New York: Schirmer Books, 1992), p. 376-428, most of which is given over to ethnic--including Afro-Ecuadorian-music in Ecuador (i.e., p. 388-426). 4944. Segovia, Mariana; and Luis Seplveda. Balance crtico del teatro ecuatoriano: enero 1978-marzo 1979, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 69-109. 4945. Seitz, Barbara. Quichua Songs to Sadden the Heart: Music in a Communication Event, Latin American Music Review, 2:2 (Fall/Winter 1981), 223-251. 4946. Sigmund, Charles Edar. Segundo Luis Moreno: His Contributions to Ecuadorian Musicology. 1971. viii, 507 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota. 4947. Sigmund, Charles Edar. Segundo Luis Moreno, 1882-1972: Ecuadors Pioneer Musicologist, Yearbook for Inter-American Musical Research, 8 (1972), 71-104. Also published in Spanish as: Segundo Luis Moreno (1882-1972): el primer musiclogo del Ecuador, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 265-294. 4948. Sojos Jaramillo, Rafael. La verdad histrica de la msica del himno nacional del Ecuador, Tres de noviembre, nueva poca, 2 (nov. 1980), 54-70. 4949. Stevenson, Robert. Music in Quito: Four Centuries, Hispanic American Historical Review, 43:2 (May 1963), 247-266. Also published in Spanish as: La msica en Quito, ARNAHIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 7-28; and in a 2 ed. as a separate: Quito: Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 37 p. (Fuentes y documentos para la historia de la msica en el Ecuador; 3).

4950. Stevenson, Robert. Quito Cathedral: Four Centuries, Inter-American Music Review, 3:1 (Fall 1980), 19-38. Together items 4949 and 4950 constitute detailed and more or less comprehensive studies of European music in the country from the Spanish conquest through the early twentieth century. Both are based on the appropriate literature and considerable archival research. 4951. Taylor, Anne-Christine; and Ernesto Chau. Jivaroan Magical Songs: Achuar Anent of Connubial Love, Amerindia: revue dethnolinguistique amerindienne, 8 (1983), 87-127. 4952. Tobar Garca, Francisco. El teatro durante los aos de 1944 a 1956 vistos por un autor, Trece aos de cultural nacional (item 3717), vol. 2, p. 83-100. 4953. Vargas, Ilonka. El teatro: su situacin actual y sus perspectivas, Cultura, 6:18 (ene./abr. 1984), 229-244. 4954. Vargas, Jos Mara. La msica en la colonia, Corona de Mara, 50:573/574 (sept./oct. 1949), 276-288. 4955. Vera, Noralma. La danza en el Ecuador, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 305-310. Includes some historical data.

HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECUADOR Vol. II by Michael T. Hamerly

CHURCH HISTORY

The only chronologically complete history of the Catholic Church during the colonial period is Jos Mara Vargass Historia de la Iglesia en el Ecuador durante el patronato espaol (item 5205). A modern account is desperately in need, however, one that takes into account economic and social aspects of church history and the role of indigenous peoples and blacks in religion and church life. (I have not yet seen the Historia de la Iglesia Catlica en el Ecuadors / dirigida por Jorge Salvador Lara ; con la colaboracin de la Academia Nacional de Historia [Quito, Ecuador : Conferencia Episcopal Ecuatoriana : Academia Nacional de Historia : Ediciones Abya-Yala, 2001; 3 vols. <xxi, 1800 pp.>], and therefore do not know if it meets the preceding criteria.) Insofar as the national period is concerned, there is no comprehensive overview, only a series of major as well as minor monographs, especially those by Julio Tobar Donoso (item 5189-5193), that taken together do not even cover all of the nineteenth century. This is not meant to disparate the important works of Tobar Donoso but to stress the continuing incompleteness of coverage of ecclesiastical developments during the national period. In this regard it should also be noted that there are no historical accounts of the twentieth century of the Catholic Church except for those of the Conceptionists of Loja and of the missions in the Oriente. There are, however, of Protestant churches.

4956. Albn Estrada, Mara; and Juan Pablo Muoz. Con Dios todo se puede: la invasin de las sectas al Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Planeta, 1987. 206 p. A critical account of Protestant movements in the country, especially of the Evangelical sects. 4957. Albuja Mateus, Augusto E. Doctrinas y parroquias del Obispado de Quito en la segunda mitad del siglo XVI. Madrid: Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca, 1961. 53 p. Also published as: El obispado de Quito en el siglo XVI, Missionalia Hispanica, 18:53 (mayo/ago. 1961), 161-209. 4958. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Vida religiosa, social y econmica de las Conceptas de Loja, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 245 p. A detailed, well documented history.

4959. Andrade, Susana. Visin Mundial: entre el cielo y la tierra: religin y desarrollo en la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales, 1990. xi, 106 p. A study of World Vision and its development programs and projects in the highlands. 4960. Ardito Vega, Wilfrido. Mecanismos iniciales de contacto de los misioneros jesuitas de Maynas, La Evangelizacin del Per: siglos XVI y XVII: actas del Primer Congreso Peruano de Historia Eclesistica, Arequipa, 1990 (Arequipa: Arzobispado de Arequipa, [1992?]), p. 353364. 4961. Arellano Gallegos, Jorge. Teologa de la liberacin: clericalismo en clave marxista, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Quito: Fundacin El Libro Libre, 1991. 156 p. 4962. Ascaray, Juan de. Serie chronolgica de los ilustrsimos seores obispos, que ocuparon la silla episcopal de Quito ... Quito: Impr. de Mauricio de los Reyes, 1794. 1 v. (not paginated). 4963. Bamat, Thomas P. Salvacin o dominacin?: las sectas religiosas en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1986. 207 p. A critical yet objective delineation and evaluation of the emergence of Protestantism, especially of the Unin Misionera Evanglica (the Gospel Missionary Union) and Alianza Cristiana Misionera sects, as a significant forces in the religious life of the nation, especially during the quarter century preceding the publication of the work in question. The author is a North American sociologist, married to an Ecuadorian, with several years of living and research experience in the country. 4964. Barnuevo, Rodrigo. Relacin apologtica as del antiguo como nuevo descubrimiento del Ro de las Amazonas hecho por los religiosos de la Compaa de Jess de Quito. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1942. 27 p. (Biblioteca Amazonas; 6) Part of the mid-seventeenth-century debate between the Jesuits and the Franciscans as to which order initiated the conversion and salvation of ethnic groups in the Oriente. See also items 4999 and 5097. 4965. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Las culturas indgenas ecuatorianas y el Instituto Lingstico de Verano. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Amauta, 1992. i, 453 p. 4966. Barrueco, Domingo. El Vicariato de Mendez a los 75 aos de su fundacin. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1968. 93 p. 4967. Bayle, Constantino. IV centenario del descubrimiento del Amazonas: descubridores jesuitas del Amazonas: breve descripcin de la Provincia de Quito en la Amrica Meridional, y de sus misiones de Sucumbos de religiosos de S. Francisco, y de Maynas de padres de la Compaa de Jess, a las orillas del gran Ro Maran, hecha para el mapa que se hizo del ao 1740, por el P. Juan Magnin, de dicha Compaa, misionero de dichas misiones, Revista de Indias, 1:1 (1940), 121-185. 4968. Bayle, Constantino. Las misiones de Mainas hacia la mitad del siglo XVIII, Missionalia hispanica, 5:15 (1948), 543-565.

Publishes the report of the 1736-1737 inspection of the state of the missions by the Spanish Jesuit Andrs de Zrate (1682-1753). 4969. Bayle, Constantino. Las misiones, defensa de las fronteras: Mainas, Missionalia hispanica, 8:24 (1951), 417-503. Also published as a separate: Madrid: Ediciones Jura, 1951. 91 p. 4970. Bermeo, Antonio. Dicesis de Cuenca: acotaciones histricas (1.751-1.951), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 77-104. Consists of research notes, almost all of which are based on archival research. 4971. Blanco, Jos Mara. Serie cronolgica de los ilustrsimos seores obispos de Quito desde la ereccin de su catedral hasta el ilustrsimo Sr. Arzobispo Garaicoa (1841), Museo Histrico, 22 (feb. 1956), 78-96. Continues Ascaray (item 4962). 4972. Bottasso, Juan. Las misiones y la aculturacin de los Shuar, Amrica indgena, 44:1 (ene./mar. 1984), 143-155. 4973. Bottasso, Juan. Les missions salesiennes et le peuple Shuar: bilan dune experience, Recherches amrindiennes au Qubec, 21:4 (1991), 77-91. 4974. Bottasso, Juan. Los Shuar y las misiones: entre la hostilidad y el dilogo. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1982. 233 p. Items 4972-4974 are insightful and well informed analyses of historic and late-twentiethcentury Catholic missions and work strategies among the Shuar. Although himself a Salesian missionary, the author does not mince words as to the negative impact of the early missions. In this regard, it should be noted that nowadays some Catholic missionaries maintain that indigenous ethnic groups are peoples in their own right and that they have been victimized by the expansion of Western or modern society. 4975. Bravo, Julin G. La Dolorosa del Colegio, en la perspectiva histrica de la Repblica del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1984. ix, 216 p. 4976. Bravo P., Ernesto. Protestantismo en el Ecuador, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 13 (1993), 35-49. An essay on the emergence of Protestantism as a significant movement in the second half of the twentieth century. Perhaps the most important points that Bravo makes is that Protestant missionaries, almost all of whom have been North Americans, not only do not believe that Catholics are Christians but also are decidedly anti-Catholic. 4977. Breve resea de los trabajos de la Compaa de Jess en el Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 128-133. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-1930, 1947, vol. 1, p. 383-384. 4978. Broseghini, Silvio. Cuatro siglos de misiones entre los Shuar: los mtodos. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 176 p.

4979. Cceres, Rafael. La Provincia Oriental de la Repblica del Ecuador: (apuntes de viaje). Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1892. 86 p. A late-nineteenth-century report on the state of the Dominican missions in the Oriente. 4980. Cadena y Almedia, Luis E. El Monasterio de la Inmaculada Concepcin de Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 14 (1994), 51-57. An essay on the foundation on 13 Jan. 1577 of the first convent for women in the capital, that of the Franciscan Concepcionistas. 4981. Calle, Manuel J. Los dominicos italianos en la Repblica del S. Corazn de Jess. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1897. viii, 168 p. 4982. Campo del Pozo, Fernando. Historia de la provincia agustiniana de San Miguel de Quito en el Nuevo Reino de Granada durante el siglo XVI, Estudio agustiniano, 10 (1975), 269310. 4983. Carmona Moreno, Flix. Fray Luis Lpez de Sols, O.S.A. y su fundacin del Seminario de San Luis de Quito, 1594, Agustinos en Amrica y Filipinas: actas del Congreso Internacional, edicin dirigida por Isacio Rodrguez (Valladolid: Ediciones Monte Casino, 1990), vol. 2, p. 899-911. See also item 3097 and Carmona Morenos Accin pastoral de fray Luis Lpez de Sols, IV obispo de Quito (San Lorenzo de El Escorial: Real Monasterio de El Escorial, 1980; 118 p.). 4984. Carrera Ampudia, Telmo. El trabajo misionero de la Iglesia ecuatoriana, 1888-1984, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 9 (1988), 91-112. A solid review of the history of Catholic missions, especially Salesian, in the Oriente during the late-nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Based on archival research. 4985. Coleccin de documentos para la historia de la provincia dominicana en el Ecuador, [edicin de] Jos Mara Vargas. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1956. 280 p. Apparently only vol. 1, Captulos provinciales, was published. 4986. Coleccin de documentos sobre el Obispado de Quito, 1546-1594, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1946-1947. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; vol. 22, 24) Publishes the sixteenth-century acts of the Ecclesiastical Chapter of Quito. These are basic primary sources for the reconstruction of the early history of the church in Ecuador. 4987. Compte, Francisco Mara. Varones ilustres de la orden serfica en el Ecuador desde la fundacin de Quito hasta nuestros das. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1883. 2 v. The classic history of the Franciscans in Ecuador. Also published in a 2 ed. corr. y aum. (1885-1886). 4988. Las Comunidades eclesiales de base en el Ecuador: experiencia de nueva evangelizacin, Nilo Euclides Anchundia Santilln [et al.]. Quito: N.E. Anchundia Santilln, 1990. 174 p.

4989. Conde, Toms. Los Yaguarzongos: historia de los Shuar de Zamora. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1981. 168 p. Publishes for the first time a 1931 work on Jesuit and Franciscan attempts to evangelize Jbaros in the Apostolic Vicariate of Zamora during the colonial period and the nineteenth century. 4990. La Congregacin de padres redentoristas en el Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 181-185. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 416-417. 4991. La Congregacin Salesiana en el Ecuador, 1888-1948, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 405-415. 4992. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Los jesuitas en la Presidencia de Quito, Museo Histrico, 6:20 (jun. 1954), 125-135. 4993. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Misiones catlicas y protestantes entre los aborgenes del Oriente ecuatoriano, Amrica indgena, 21:1 (ene./mar. 1961), 269-280. 4994. Creamer Gmez, Pedro. Iglesia y sociedad en el Ecuador contemporneo: interpretacin teolgico-pastoral de la documentacin episcopal. Quito: Impr. del Colegio Tcnico Don Bosco, 1981. 522 p. 4995. La Crnica de la celebracin del cuarto centenario de la ereccin de la provincia dominicana en el Ecuador, ordenada por Jos Mara Vargas. Quito: Presidencia de la Repblica, Comisin Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas; Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 177 p. 4996. Cuesta Domingo, Mariano. Los exploradores franciscanos, Domingo de Briera y Laureano de la Cruz, Actas del 2 Congreso Internacional sobre los Franciscanos en el Nuevo Mundo, direccin de Paulino Casteeda (Madrid: Edit. Deimos, 1990), p. 1139-1177. (Archivo ibero-americano; 50:197/200) Notwithstanding the title, a review of Franciscan missions in general in the Oriente during the first half of the colonial period. Includes, nonetheless, a number of previously unpublished documents on the explorations and missionary endeavors of Fathers Briera and de la Cruz. 4997. Chacn, Jorge. Los misioneros jesuitas a lo largo del Amazonas. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1941. 46 p. 4998. Chantre y Herrera, Jos. Historia de las misiones de la Compaa de Jess en el Maran espaol desde 1637 hasta 1767. Madrid: Impr. de A. Avrial, 1901. xiv, 744 p. A well documented, comprehensive history of Jesuit missions in Mainas by an eighteenthcentury Jesuit. A classic account. 4999. De la Cruz Montesdeoca, Laureano. Nuevo descubrimiento del Ro Maran llamado de las Amazonas, hecho por la Religin de San Francisco: siendo misioneros el P. Fr. Laurenao de la Cruz y el P. Fr. Juan de Quincoces ..., in: Francisco Mara Compte, Varones ilustres (item 4993), vol. 1, p. 147-204.

Reprint; originally published: Prado: R. Guasti, 1879. A 1651 report on Franciscan missionary activities among the Omaguas. 5000. De la Pea Montenegro, Alonso. Itinerario para prrocos de indios: en que se tratan las materias ms particulares tocantes a ellos para su buena administracin, nueva ed., purgada de muchsimos hierros. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1985. xxxvi, [30], 612 p. (Anuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano; 9) A photofacsimile reprint of the 1771 edition: Madrid: Oficina de Pedro Marn. Includes an introduction by Jos Reig Satorres. Originally published: Madrid, 1666. 5001. Decorvet, B., Mme. Les tueurs de la foret vierge: lextraordinaire historique des Indiens Aucas: histoire contemporaine authentique, 2. ed. Flavion: Editions Le Phare, 1973. 159 p. On the 1956 massacre of five Protestant missionaries by Huaorani. 5002. Del Vaticano al Ecuador: teologa desde Amrica Latina, coordinacin, Jaime Ruz N., seleccin de textos, Fundacin de Investigaciones Sociales Luis Chusig, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Luis Chusig; Edit. Tercer Mundo, 1984. 333 p. 5003. Destruge, Camilo. El obispado de Guayaquil: su fundacin, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:42 (jul./ago. 1914), 274-290. 5004. Daz, Ruben. Evangelio poltico o poltica evangelica? Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1990. 210 p. 5005. Documentos para la historia de las misiones de Mainas, [recopilados por] Rodolfo Schuller, Boletn de la Real Academia de la Historia, 59 (1911), 337-387. 5006. Documentos para la historia de las misiones dominicanas de Canelos, [recopilados por] Agustn M. Len, Oriente dominicano, 10:56/57 (nov./dic. 1937), 1-187. 5007. Documentos referentes al comienzo de las misiones de Mainas de la Compaa de Jess, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 8 (1986), 259-269. Publishes with an introduction by Jorge Villalba F. the 1640 Relacin de la Misin de los Maynas que enviaron los padres Gaspar Cugia y Lucas de la Cueva al P. provincial Gaspar Sobrino. 5008. Donoso, Bartolom. Serie cronolgica de los obispos de Quito, Anales de la Universidad de Quito, 9:61 (ago. 1893), 119-136; 9:62 (sept. 1893), 186-202; 9:63 (oct. 1893), 236-246; 9:65 (dic. 1893), 395-406; 10:66 (ene. 1894), 47-60; 10:67 (feb. 1894), 151-161; 10:68 (mar. 1894), 238-349; 10:70 (mayo 1894), 367-378; 10:71 (jun. 1894), 423-435; 11:72 (jul. 1894), 63-74; 11:73 (ago. 1894), 149-162; 11:74 (sept. 1894), 225-238; 11:75 (oct. 1894), 343360; 11:76 (nov. 1894), 471-482; 11:77 (dic. 1894), 575-586; 12:78 (ene. 1895), 55-67; 12:79 (feb. 1895), 165-172; 12:80 (mar. 1895), 264-273; 12:81 (abr. 1895), 338-349; 12:82 (mayo 1895), 429-436; 15:108 (oct. 1901), 27-34; 15:109 (nov. 1901), 106-113; 15:111 (ene. 1902), 307-314; 15:112 (feb. 1902), 395-402; 15:113 (mar. 1902), 473-480; 16:114 (abr. 1902), 17-25; 16:115 (mayo 1902), 129-136; 16:116 (jun. 1902), 205-212.

Based on Ascarays Serie cronolgica (item 4962), but corrected, augmented, and updated. Reprinted in part con notas ilustrativos por C. de Gangotena y Jijn in: Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 6:15/17 (ene./jun. 1923), 139-153; 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 254-262. 5009. Drown, Frank; and Marie Drown. Mission to the Head-Hunters. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. 252 p. An account by husband and wife missionaries of the Gospel Missionary Union of their fifteen years among the Shuar and the Achuar. 5010. Ecuador, iglesia, pueblo y liberacin, Roberto Farez [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1986. 207 p. 5011. Enrquez B., Eliecer. Trptico franciscano quiteo. Quito: [s.n.], 1968. 125 p. Part four of his Quito a travs de los siglos set. 5012. E.S. Resea histrica de los diezmos. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Nacin, 1884. 155 p. The authors identity is unknown. Includes a chapter on El diezmo en el Ecuador. 5013. Establecimiento de la Compaa de Jess en la Repblica del Ecuador el ao 1851. Quito: Impr. de Miranda, 1851. 86 p.

On the aborted attempt to reestablish the Jesuit order in the country in 1851. 5014. Espinosa y Estrada, Beltrn. Algunos priores de Quito: datos sueltos para la historia del Convento Mximo Dominicano, Corona de Mara, 42:484 (mayo 1941), 700-704. 5015. Espinosa y Estrada, Beltrn. Algunos procuradores dominicanos de Quito: datos sueltos para la historia del Convento Mximo Dominicano, Corona de Mara, 42:485 (jun. 1941), 746-749; 42:486 (jul. 1941), 785-787; 42:487 (ago. 1941), 825-828; 42:488 (sept. 1941), 853-856; 42:490 (nov. 1941), 935-938. 5016. Espinosa y Estrada, Beltrn. Capellanas fundadas en favor del Convento Dominicano de Quito, Corona de Mara , 42:489 (oct. 1941), 895-897; 43:492 (ene. 1942), 15-17. 5017. Espinosa y Estrada, Beltrn. Los dominicos en Guayaquil, Corona de Mara, 50:576 (dic. 1949), 363-364, 373-379. 5018. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Apuntes sobre la Catedral de Guayaquil, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 179-188. Delineates the pre-1838 aspirations of the port city to become a diocesan seat. 5019. Figueroa, Francisco de. Relacin de las misiones de la Compaa de Jess en el Maran espaol. Madrid: Libr. General de Victoriano Surez, 1904. xv, 420 p. The 1661 report of the superior (1640-1664) of the Jesuit missions in the Oriente. 5020. Ford, Lillian Gertrude. In the High Andes. Nashville: Southern Publishing Association, 1932. 224 p.

On the activities of the Seven Day Adventist missionaries Mr. and Mrs. (the author) Orley Ford. The Fords operated a mission station in Colta, Chimborazo, in the 1920s. 5021. Francesia, Giovanni Battista. Nuestros misioneros de Quito en el Ecuador, traduccin de Francisco Fraga y Escuer. Barcelona: Escuela Tip. y Librera Salesiana, 1902. 1 v. An account of Salesian activities in Ecuador circa 1900. The only vol. published. 5022. Freile Granizo, Carlos. Examen de aptitud para confesar tomado por el obispo de Quito, Pedro de la Pea, en 1534, Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 43-55. Examines Bishop de la Peas utilization of episcopal authority to license the hearing of confessions. Exemplifies the prelates concerns and approach by reproducing the examination of Diego Lobato, the first Ecuadorian born priest. An essay in intellectual as well as ecclesiastical history. 5023. Freile Granizo, Carlos. Historia de las Indias y la fe cristiana: el caso quitense, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 10 (1990), 9-25. A discourse on various prelates and priests of the early-colonial period whom Freile Granizo considers to have been true Christians (e.g., the Franciscan Marcos de Niza, the Dominican Pedro Bedn, and Bishop de la Pea). 5024. Freile Granizo, Carlos. Mons. Jos Prez Calama, obispo de Quito (1740-1793), Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 13 (1993), 51-94. A new appreciation of the episcopal, catechismal, and intellectual labors of this distinguished and enlightened prelate. Based on research in the Archivo General de Indias and on Prez Calamas unpublished as well as published oeuvre. 5025. Freile Granizo, Carlos. Los obispos de Quito y la situacin colonial (1565-1605), Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 11 (1991), 113-150. A well researched, if somewhat apologetic, study of Bishops Pedro de la Pea (1565-1583) and Luis Lpez de Sols (1594-1605), especially of their efforts to protect indigenes as well as to promote their evangelization. Also based on research in the Archivo General de Indias. 5026. Garca, Lorenzo. Historia de las misiones en la Amazonia ecuatoriana. Quito: AbyaYala, 1985. 432 p. A modern chronicle of the history of Catholic missions in the Upper Amazon Basin from the earliest incursions of Dominicans, Franciscans, and Jesuits in the 1500s through the 1970s. Highly factual but far from objective. The author, himself a Discalced Carmelite, refers to shamans, for example, as hechiceros y brujos. 5027. Gasso, Leonardo; and Manuel Guzmn. Directorio de las doctrinas quichuas en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1895. viii, 316 p. In its day, a handbook for clergy assigned to rural parishes in the highlands. Nowadays a historical linguistic as well as a church history source. 5028. Gavilanes, Ramn. La orden de la Merced, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 116-127.

Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 360-368. 5029. Goffin, Alvin M. The Rise of Protestant Evangelism in Ecuador, 1895-1990. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xxiv, 189 p. Based on authors doctoral dissertation: Protestantism in Ecuador: a Case Study in Latin American Church History, 1895-1980s. 1990. Florida State University. A critical yet even handed and well documented analysis of the more negative than positive impact--according to Goffin--of Christian sects on the peoples and cultures of Ecuador, especially of World Radio Missionary Fellowship, Summer Institute of Linguistics, and World Vision International. Includes chapters on the response of the Catholic Church and of indigenous groups to the Protestant threat. 5030. Gold, Robert L. Problems of Protestantism in Ecuador, 1866-1873, Journal of Church and State, 12:1 (Winter 1970), 59-77. 5031. Gonzlez Dvila, Gil. Teatro eclesistico de la Santa Iglesia de Quito y vidas de sus obispos, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 32-39. Reprinted from vol. 2 of authors: Teatro eclesistico de la primitiva Iglesia de las Indias. Madrid, 1649-1655. 2 v. 5032. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Carta del Ilmo. y Rmo. Sr. Dr. D. Federico Gonzlez Surez, obispo de Ibarra, a su vicario general: explicada por el mismo autor. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1900. iv, 123 p. (Cuestiones palpitantes; 2) 5033. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Epistolario de Gonzlez Surez, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:63 (ene./jun. 1944), 124-146; 24:64 (jul./dic. 1944), 253-262; 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 81-84. Published by Julio Tobar Donoso. 5034. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Historia eclesistica del Ecuador: desde los tiempos de la conquista hasta nuestros das. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1881. xxxviii, 407 p. Only vol. 1, covering the years 1520-1600, appeared. But the archbishop historian continued coverage of the church in his Historia general (item 1388), that is as much an ecclesiastical as a political history of the colonial period, for which reason--and because as he himself admits, his Historia eclesistica may be considered a preliminary version of his Historia general--the two works are sometimes confused. 5035. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Miscelnea religiosa; o, Coleccin de opsculos. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1913. viii, 287 p. Contents: Instruccin sobre la inmaculada concepcin de la Santsima Virgen; Carta a los soldados del Batalln Pichincha; Documentos sobre la ley llamada de cultos; Documentos sobre la ley de patronato; Documentos relativos a los abusos de la libertad de imprenta; Manifiesta sobre la reforma de la Constitucin; Boletn diocesano de Ibarra ...; Cartas al Sr. vicario general de Guayaquil con motivo de la aparicin de la peste bubnica en esa ciudad; Las biblias protestantes.

5036. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Nueva miscelnea, o, Coleccin de opsculos. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1910. 308 p. Contents: Un mrtir; Cuatro palabras a los que esto leyeren; Informe presentado al Ilmo. seor obispo de Cuenca acerca del folleto titulado Carta a los obispos; Carta de un sacerdote catlico a un liberal; Exposicin en defensa de los principios catlicos; Exposicin en defensa de los principios republicanos. See also item 587. 5037. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Obras oratorias [con un prlogo por Jorge Salvador Lara]. Quito: Grupo Aymesa, 1992. 379 p. (Biblioteca Grupo Aymesa; 1) Reprint; originally published: Quito, 1911. 2 v. The funeral addresses are especially interesting inasmuch as they are commentaries on the politics of the times (including relations between church and state) as well as the merits of the diseased. Contents: La pasin de Jesucristo en el siglo decimo nono; Discurso pronunciado el 7 de mayo de 1877 en el decimo quinto centenario de la conversin de San Agustn; Discurso pronunciado el 31 de mayo en la fiesta de la bienaventurada Virgen Mara; Discurso pronunciado el 20 de abril de 1909 en la fiesta a la Dolorosa del Colegio de Quito; Alocucin pronunciada el 15 de agosto de 1909 en la traslacin de la imagen de Nuestra Seora de la Escalera; Exhortacin a los alumnos del colegio de los padres de la Compaa de Jesus el 4 de febrero de 1910; Discurso pronunciado en la bendicin de la bandera del batalln Vencedores de Pichincha el ao de 1883; Discurso pronunciado el domingo 15 de julio con occasion de la fiesta en accin de gracias por el triunfo del ejrcito restaurador sobre las fuerzas dictatoriales en Guayaquil; Discurso pronunciado el 10 de agosto de 1881 en al Catedral de Quito; Discurso pronunciado el 10 de agosto de 1904 en al Catedral de Ibarra Discurso pronunciado el 5 de junio de 1910 en la bendicin de la bandea del Batalln Universitario; Discurso pronunciado el 21 de agosto de 1875 en las exequias del Excmo. Sr. Dr. Dn. Gabriel Garca Moreno; Discurso pronunciado el 20 de abril de 1877 en los funerales del Sr. Dr. Jos Ignacio Checa y Barba; Discurso pronunciado en los funerales de nuestro Santo Padre el Papa Po IX; Discurso pronunciado en las exequias del Sr. Dr. Dn. Vicente Piedrahita el 17 de octubre de 1878; Discurso pronunciado el 20 de marzo de 1879 en los funerales del Sr. Dr. Mariano Cueva; Discurso pronunciado el 4 de unio de 1900 con motivo de la traslacin de los restos del general Sucre. 5038. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Obras pastorales. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1927-1928. 2 v. Contents: t. 1, Episcopado de Ibarra, 1895-1906; t. 2, Arzobispado de Quito, 1906-1917. 5039. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Primera instruccin que el Ilmo. y Rmo. seor doctor don Federico Gonzlez Surez, arzobispo de Quito, dirige al clero secular y regular de la arquidicesis. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1908. 73 p. 5040. Granja R., Carlos. Ecuador: visin ecumenica de las iglesias cristianas, Revista/Review interamericana, 16:1/4 (1986), 93-98.

Reviews the presence of Protestant churches from the arrival of the British Bible Society in the late 1800s through the mid 1980s. 5041. Grison, Cabriel. Souvenirs de lEquateur (1888-1896). Roma: Imprim par la direction de la revue: Il Regno del Sacro Cuore di Ges, 1931. vi, iii, 336 p. Memoirs of the labors a member of the French Order of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in the Diocese of Portoviejo and the Archdiocese of Cuenca. 5042. Guerra Bravo, Samuel. La Iglesia en los siglos de coloniaje hispnico Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 5, p. 57-86. A thoughtful survey of the role of the church in the Spanish conquest of the future Ecuador and in the politics and government, economy, society, and culture of the colonial period. Also published in Revista de historia de Amrica, 103 (ene./jun. 1987), 107-129. 5043. Gerriero, Antonio. Un siglo de historia Salesiana en el Ecuador, 1888-1988, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 10 (1990), 135-162. A prcis of the future book with the same title by Gerriero and Pedro Creamer (Quito: [s.n.], 1997; 374 p.). Well researched. 5044. Gua espiritual de Quito, recopilacin y notas bio-bibliogrficas: Eliecer Enrquez B. Quito: Edit. Los Andes, 1953. 244 p. 5045. Hart, Laurie. Story of the Wycliffe Translators: Pacifying the Last Frontiers, NACLAs Latin America and Empire Report, 8:10 (1973), 15-31. 5046. Hartmann, Roswith. Un predicador quechua del siglo XVI, Memoria del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 291-301. 5047. Hefley, James C.; and Marti Hefley. Unstilled Voices, 1st ed. Chappaque, N.Y.: Christian Herald Books, 1981. 236 p. 5048. Heredia, Jos Flix. La antigua Provincia de Quito de la Compaa de Jess y sus misiones entre infieles. Riobamba: Tip. Catlica San Bernardo, 1924. 35 p. 5049. Heredia, Jos Flix. La azucena de Quito y la Compaa de Jess: rasgos histricos, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:4 (ene./feb. 1919), 3856. On the relationship between Saint Mariana de Jesus and the Jesuits. Also published as a separate: Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg, 1950. 47 p. 5050. Heredia, Jos Flix. La consagracin de la Repblica del Ecuador al Sagrado Corazn de Jess: rasgos histricos. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1935. 415 p. 5051. Hermida, Luis Felipe. Los jesuitas en Manab y Esmeraldas: datos para la historia. Portoviejo: Julio Tobar Garca, 1983. 175 p. 5052. Hernez, N. Ereccin del obispado de Cuenca, Publicaciones de la Academia Arquidiocesana de Historia Eclesistica, 5 (nov. 1979), 26-32.

5053. Historiadores y cronistas de las misiones, estudio y selecciones de Julio Tobar Donoso. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 506 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [4]) An anthology of selections from the writings of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Franciscans and Jesuits regarding the history and state of their missions in the Oriente. 5054. Homenaje del Ecuador a don Bosco: la obra Salesiana en el Ecuador (1888-1935), [editado por] Elias Brito. Quito: Escuela Tipogrfica Salesiana, 1935-1938. 3 v. Sometimes misdescribed as separates because of variations in title. Vol. 2 subtitled: La apoteosis de San Juan Bosco en el Ecuador y las bodas de oro sacerdotales(1888-1938); vol. 3: Misiones Salesianas del Oriente ecuatoriano. A monumental, basic history of the Salesian order in Ecuador. 5055. Iglesia Catlica. Arquidicesis de Quito (Ecuador). Concilium Provinciale Primum Quitense: Habitum in Sancta Eclesia Metropolitana Quitensi Anno 1863. Quiti: Typis Joannis Campuzani, per Julium Villavicentium, 1869. 155 p. The proceedings of the first Council of 1863. 5056. Iglesia Catlica. Arquidicesis de Quito (Ecuador). Concili Provincialis Quitensis IV Acta et Decreta. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1885. xiii, 58, 47 p. The proceedings of the fourth Council of 1885. 5057. Iglesia Catlica. Arquidicesis de Quito (Ecuador). Concilium Provincialis Secundi Quitensis Acta et Decreta. Roma: Ex Tipographia Salviucci, 1871. 74 p. The proceedings of the second Council of 1869. 5058. Iglesia Catlica. Arquidicesis de Quito (Ecuador). Decretos del primer Concilio Provincial Quitense: celebrado por el ilustrsimo y reverendsimo seor Dr. Jos Mara Riofro, arzobispo de Quito, con los otros obispos de las dicesis de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito, 1861. 72 p. 5059. Iglesia Catlica. Dicesis de Guayaquil (Ecuador). Cuarto Snodo Diocesano: celebrado en la ciudad de Guayaquil en los das 6,7,8 y 9 de octubre de 1938, por el Excmo. y Rvmo. Sr. Dr. D. Jos Flix Heredia, S.J., obispo de la dicesis. Guayaquil: Lib. e Impr. Gutenberg de E.A. Uzctegui, 1940. 60 p. 5060. Iglesia Catlica. Dicesis de Guayaquil (Ecuador). Quinto Snodo Diocesano: celebrado en la ciudad de Guayaquil en los das 16, 17 y 18 de febrero de 1951, por el Excmo. y Rvmo. Sr. Dr. Dn. Jos Flix Heredia, S.J., obispo residencial de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Lib. e Impr. Gutenberg de E.A. Usctegui, 1951. 126 p. 5061. La Iglesia en Venezuela y Ecuador, Isidoro Alonso [et al.]. Friburgo: Oficina Internacional de Investigaciones Sociales de FERES; Madrid: Centro de Informacin y Sociologa de la Obra de Cooperacin Sacerdotal Hispanoamericana (O.C.S.H.A.), 1962. 201 p. About three fourths of this quantitative analysis of the state of the Catholic clergy in the two countries, as of the 1950s, is given over to Ecuador. A useful statistical sketch.

5062. La Iglesia Shuar: nueva presencia y nuevo lenguaje, Silvio Broseghini [et al.], 2 ed. Suca: Mundo Shaur, 1978. 80 p. 5063. Iglesias, Valentn. La Capilla de la Vera Cruz y los agustinos: un convento de recolectos en Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 3:7/8 (sept./dic. 1921), 260265. 5064. Iglesias, Valentn. La fundacin del convento agustiniano de Pasto, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:7/8 (jul./oct. 1919), 149-152. 5065. Iglesias, Valentn. La fundacin del Convento de San Agustn de Quito, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:9 (nov./dic. 1919), 264-272. 5066. Iglesias, Valentn. La Iglesia de San Agustn de Quito: datos histricos, Boletn eclesistico de la Provincia Ecuatoriana, 23:14 (15 jul. 1916), 436-422; 26:5/6 (mar. 1919), 234-241; 26:9/12 (mayo/jun. 1919), 313-318; 26:13/14 (jul. 1919), 381-384; 26:15/16 (ago. 1919), 444-449; 26:17/20 (sept./oct. 1919), 578-586. 5067. Indice histrico de la Dicesis de Cuenca, 1919-1944: contribucin del Comit del Clero a las fiestas del vigsimo quinto aniversario de la consagracin episcopal de su excelencia el seor obispo de la dicesis, monseor Daniel Hermida, celebradas el 9 de noviembre de 1944, [editor] Carlos Tern Zenteno. Cuenca: Edit. Catlica de J.M. Astudillo Regalado, 1947. iv, 568 p. An order by order and parish by parish history of the Catholic Church in the Provinces of Caar and Azuay, mostly authored by regional superiors and local pastors. A treasure trove of regional and local data. 5068. Informacin sobre la aparicin de la Virgen de la Nube, el domingo 30 de diciembre de 1696: habindose aplicado el rezo del santsimo rosario por la salud del ilustrsimo seor D.D. Sancho de Andrade y Figueroa mi seor que enferm aquel ao de tabardillo y dolor de costado llegndose a estar desahuciado de los mdicos, ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 92-110. 5069. Informes de jesuitas en el Amazonas, 1660-1684, Francisco de Figueroa [et al.]. Iquitos, Per: IIAP-CETA, 1986. 365 p. An anthology of Jesuit chronicles of their activities in the Upper Amazon Basin during the seventeenth century. Well indexed. 5070. Izaguirre, Bernardino. Los Shuar de Zamora y la misin franciscana. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 255 p. Originally published as: t. 11 of authors Historia de las misiones franciscanas y narracin de los progresos de la geografa en el Oriente del Per (1619-1921). Lima: Tall. Tip. de la Penitencia, 1925. Contents: Antecedentes histricos; Exploracin desde la Cuenca de Gualaquiza por el Ilmo. obispo de la dicesis, padre Manuel Plaza, 1852; Descripcin epistolar de los padres Jos Vidal y Luis Torra. 5071. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. Cabildo Eclesistico de Cuenca: sus actividades desde la fundacin de la dicesis y la integracin del primer cabildo eclesistico, 1788/1790-1944,

Revista catlica de la Dicesis de Cuenca, 30:6/7 (jun./jul. 1947) 240-257; 30:8/9 (ago./sept. 1947) 321-329; 30:10/12 (oct./dic. 1947) 276-290 [i.e., 376-390]. 5072. Jaramillo, Miguel Angel. El X obispo de Cuenca: su labor pastoral, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 30 (ene. 1938), 136-155. Regarding Manuel Mara Plit y Laso. 5073. Jerves, Alfonso A. Apuntes histricos sobre las misiones dominicanas de Canelos y Macas, Corona de Mara, 13:154 (sept. 1912), 379-406. 5074. Jerves, Alfonso A. La consagracin de la Repblica del Ecuador al Corazn Divino de Jess, Corona de Mara, 24:271 (jun. 1923), 191-199; 24:272 (jul. 1923), 231-240; 24:273 (ago. 1923), 279-286; 24:274 (sept. 1923), 327-335; 24:275 (oct. 1923), 367-375; 24:276 (nov. 1923), 416-425; 24:277 (dic. 1923), 467-477; 25:278 (ene. 1924), 2-11; 25:279 (feb. 1924), 5766; 25:281 (abr. 1924), 121-129; 25:283 (jun. 1924), 197-206; 25:284 (jul. 1924), 241-246. 5075. Jerves, Alfonso A. El Convento de Nuestra Seora del Rosario de la Pea de Francia de la Orden de Santo Domingo de Ibarra: sus orgenes histricos, Corona de Mara, 41:471 (abr. 1940), 151-154; 41:472 (mayo 1940), 197-199; 41:473 (jun. 1940), 244-248; 41:474 (jul. 1940), 281-285, 304; 41:475 (ago. 1940), 325-327; 41:476 (sept. 1940), 364-366; 41:477 (oct. 1940), 408-409; 41:478 (nov. 1940), 453-455; 41:479 (dic. 1940), 490-491; 42:480 (ene. 1941), 531-533; 42:481 (feb. 1941), 565-566, 572-575; 42:482 (mar. 1941), 605-606; 42:483 (abr. 1941), 649-652. 671; 42:484 (mayo 1941), 698-700; 42:485 (jun. 1941), 743-746; 42:487 (ago. 1941), 828-832; 42:488 (sept. 1941), 849-852; 42:489 (oct. 1941), 892-895; 42:491 (dic. 1941), 1000-1002; 43:492 (ene. 1942), 11-15; 43:493 (feb. 1942), 61-65; 43:494 (mar. 1942), 88-92; 43:495 (abr. 942), 124-128; 43:496 (mayo 1942), 157-161. 5076. Jerves, Alfonso A. El fundador de Santo Domingo en Santiago de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 91-101. 5077. Jerves, Alfonso Mara. Las misiones dominicanas en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Oriente dominicano, 1:4/5 abr./jun. 1928), 103-124; 1:6/7 (ago./oct. 1928), 137-152; 2:8 (mayo/jun. 1929), 7-14; 2:9 (jul./ago. 1929), 34-41; 2:10 (sept./oct. 1929), 73-80; 2:11 (nov./dic. 1929), 123129; 3:12 (ene./feb. 1930), 7-15; 3:13 (mar./abr. 1930), 51-57; 3:14 (mayo/jun. 1930), 103-107; 3:15 (jul./ago. 1930), 141-145; 3:16 (sept./oct. 1930), 175-179. A history of Dominicans missions in the Upper Amazon from the 1500s through 1887. 5078. Los Jesuitas en el Ecuador, con textos de Alejandro Carrin [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana: Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas, 1987. 176 p. 5079. Los Jesuitas quiteos del extraamiento, introduccin, seleccin y traducciones latinas e italianas por Aurelio Espinosa Plit. Puebla: Edit. J.M. Cajica, Jr., 1960. 714 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [7]) 5080. Jones, Clarence W. Radio: the New Missionary. Chicago: Moody, 1946. 147 p. The early history of HCJB or Voz de los Andes by one of its founders.

5081. Jordan, William F. Ecuador, a Story of Mission Achievement. New York: The Christian Alliance Publishing Company, 1926. 130 p. 5082. Jouanen, Jos. Historia de la Compaa de Jess en la antigua Provincia de Quito. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1941-1943. 2 v. A comprehensive, well documented history of the Jesuits during the colonial period by a twentieth-century Jesuit. 5083. Jouanen, Jos. Los jesuitas y el Oriente ecuatoriano, 1868-1898: monografa histrica. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana Justicia y Paz, 1977. 231 p. 5084. Jurado de Guerra, Guissela. Destino de los bienes de las iglesias de los jesuitas, luego de su destierro, 1767, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 12 (1992), 3548. Examines the post-expulsion destination of the material goods of the Jesuits. Heavily documented. 5085. Kanagy, Conrad L. The Formation and Development of a Protestant Conversion Movement among the Highland Quichua of Ecuador, Sociological Analysis, 51:2 (Summer 1990), 205-217. Examines the economic and social aspects of the Protestant conversion movement among the indigenes of Chimborazo. 5086. Labaca Ugarte, Alejandro. Crnica huaorani. Quito: CICAME; Aguarico: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1988. 211 p. The diary of a Capuchin missionary among the Huaorani. 5087. Lavall, Bernard. Crolisme et alternance: les augustins de Quito au XVIIe sicle, Bulletin hispanique (Bordeaux), 71:3/4 (juillet/dc. 1979), 222-264. 5088. Lavall, Bernard. Recherches sur lapparition de la conscience crole dans la Viceroyaut du Prou: lantagonisme hispano-crole dans les ordres religieux (XVIeme-XVIIeme siecles). Lille: Atelier national de reproduction des theses, 1982. 2 v. Lavalles doctoral dissertation. See vol. 1, p. 80-88, 474-509, 561-589, and 607-616 for discussion of the internecine fighting among Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, and Mercedarians in Quito regarding alternating governance by peninsulars and creoles. 5089. Len, Agustn M. Relacin histrica de los pueblos de Santo Domingo del Tigre, de Santa Rosa del Canambo y de San Jacinto, Oriente dominicano, 10:56/57 (nov./dic. 1937), 188193. 5090. Liefeld, Olive F. Unfolding Destinies: New Perspectives on Peter Fleming and the Auca Mission. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing Corporation, 1992. 224 p. 5091. Lpez Ruz, Sebastin Jos. Relacin de las misiones de los Ros Caquet y Putumayo, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:85 (ene./jun. 1955), 129-139.

5092. Lpez Sanvicente, Lorenzo. La misin del Napo. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1894. 96 p. 5093. Luis Luis, Luciniano. La misin carmelita en Sucumbios. Quito: Abya-Yala: ISAMIS Misin Carmelita, 1994. 588 p. A detailed, well researched, and at the same time highly critical--in the negative sense--history of the Carmelite Mission in Sucumbios, which dates from 1928. Interestingly enough the author is himself a Carmelite. 5094. Madera, Luis F. Dicesis de Ibarra: su comienzo azaroso y dilatado, 1865-1893, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 7898. 5095. Magalli, Joseph M. Coleccin de cartas sobre las misiones dominicanas del Oriente, 2 ed. Quito, 1890. 73 p. 5097. Maldonado, Jos. Relacin del descubrimiento del Ro de las Amazonas, llamado Maran, hecho por medio de los religiosos de la Provincia de San Francisco de Quito. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1942. 32 p. (Biblioteca Amazonas; 5) Part of the mid-seventeenth-century debate between Franciscans and Jesuits over primacy in the Oriente. See also items 4964 and 4999. 5098. Mancero Villagmez, Luis. Breve resea de los trabajos de la Compaa de Jess en el Ecuador, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 383-384 Includes seven additional, unnumbered, out of sequence pages. 5099. Maran, Esteban. Relacin del Obispado de Quito, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 165-177. A 1598 list of ecclesiastical benefices, their holders, and annual rents. 5100. Marn, Ceslao de J. Monografa sinttica de la Misin Dominicana de Canelos y gua del Cantn Pastaza . Quito: Oriente Dominicano, 1934. 118 p. 5101. Maroni, Pablo. Noticias autnticas del famoso Ro Maran y misin apostlica de la Compaa de Jess de la Provincia de Quito en los dilatados bosques de dicho ro, escribalas por los aos de 1738, un misionero de la misma Compaa, Pablo Maroni; seguidas de las relaciones de los P.P. A. de Zrate y J. Magnin (1735-1740); edicin crtica, introduccin e ndices, Jean Pierre Chaumeil. Iquitos, Per: IIAP-CETA, 1988. 565 p. A scholarly set of three coeval accounts. 5102. Mateos, Francisco. Un manuscrito indito del P. Bernardo Recio, Missionalia hispnica, 17:50 (mayo/ago. 1960), 137-193. For the text of the manuscrito indito see item 5161. 5103. Mateos, Francisco. El padre Bernardo Recio en Quito, Missionalia hispnica, 20:60 (sept./dic. 1963), 351-382; 21:62 (mayo/ago. 1964), 225-248; 22:63 (ene./abr. 1965), 227-254.

5104. Mateos, Francisco. Primer Concilio de Quito (1570), Missionalia hispnica, 25:74 (mayo/ago. 1968), 193-244; 25:75 (dic. 1968), 319-368. A solid study of the erection and early years of the Diocese of Quito. Includes the text of the first Council of Quito. 5105. Maynard, Kent A. Christianity and Religion: Evangelical Identity and Socio-Cultural Organization in Urban Ecuador. 1981. 294 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Indiana. 5106. Maynard, Kent A. On Protestants and Pastoralists: the Segmentary Nature of SocioCultural Organization, Man, 23:1 (Mar. 1988), 101-117. See also Maynards Protestant Theories and Anthropological Knowledge: Convergent Models in the Ecuadorian Sierra, Cultural Anthropology, 8:2 (May 1993), 246-267. 5107. Meja, Humberto M. Rasgos histricos acerca del pueblo de Pacayacu, Oriente dominicano, 1:2 (dic. 1927), 32-34. 5108. Memorias de frontera: misioneros en el Ro Aguarico (1954-1984). Quito: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1989. 319 p. 5109. Mercado, Pedro de. Historia de la Provincia del Nuevo Reino y Quito de la Compaa de Jess. Bogot: Edit. A.B.C., 1957. 4 v. (Biblioteca de la Presidencia de Colombia; 35-38) The first and as of the late 1990s, the only edition of this posthumously published lateseventeenth century quasi-history of the Jesuits in the Audiencias of Santa F de Bogot and Quito by a Riobamba born member of the order (1620-1701). Based on numerous primary sources. 5110. Merino, Luis. Ensayo crtico sobre las Noticias secretas de Amrica y el clero colonial. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 1956. 256 p. Originally published as: Las Noticias secretas de Amrica y el clero colonial (1720-1765), Missionalia hispnica, 13:37 (1956), 5-82; 13:38 (1956), 193-254; 13:39 (1956), 385-452. Attempts to rebut the accusations made by Juan and Ulloa regarding the lax and self serving pastors of the highlands, for the text of which see item 7330. A less than objective account inasmuch as Merino, himself a priest, undertook to demonstrate that Juan and Ulloa had exaggerated the shortcomings of the clergy, especially insofar as the mistreatment of indigenes is concerned. Merino maintains that whatever abuses occurred may be attributed to dificultades de orden econmico. His biases become even more obvious when he, a Spaniard and therefore a peninsular, stresses that the majority of the secular and regular clergy in the eighteenth century were creoles and that even the incidents of abuse of native Andeans, rightfully treated as minors according to Merino, were far and few between. Nonetheless, worth reading for the archival data brought to bear on the themes treated. See also item 259. 5111. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. Crisis en las misiones y mutilacin territorial. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986. 200 p. (Coleccin histrica; 10)

A well documented account of alternating attempts by Franciscans and secular clergy to salvage missions in the Oriente between the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767 and the flight of Bishop Snchez Rangel in 1821. 5112. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. Pablo Muoz Vega: expresin del humanismo eclesial contemporneo (segunda parte), Cultura, 9:25 (mayo/ago. 1986), 47-143. 5113. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. Las religiosas del Buen Pastor en el Ecuador: rasgos histricos, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 1 (1974), 97-156. A solid review of the history of the activities of the Sisters of the Good Shepard. They celebrated the centennial of their arrival in Ecuador in 1971. 5114. El Monasterio del Carmen de la Asuncin: publicacin conmemorativa del tercer centenario de su fundacin en Cuenca, 1682-1982, Lorenzo Garca [et al.], 1 ed. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1986. x, 257 p. Contents: Carlos Julio Emanuel Morn, Liminar; Luis Alberto Luna Tobar, Presentacin; Leonor del Espritu Santo Vintimilla B., Agradecimiento; Cdula real de ereccin del monasterio; Lorenzo Garca, Historia del monasterio; Dora Arzaga Guzmn, Anlisis arquitectnico; Juan Cordero Iigez, Artes plsticas: pintura y escultura; Ren Lpez Moreno, Artes plsticas: arte popular y artesanas; Luis Cordero Crespo, El monasterio y la ciudad; Jos Cuesta Heredia, La casa sagrada: recinto de la fe; Eduardo Martnez Cordero, A fuerza de amor y silencio. 5115. Monografa de la Dicesis de Loja, Jos Mara Vargas [et al.]. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1966. 2 v. Vol. 1, Jos Mara Vargas, La Iglesia en Loja antes de la creacin de la Dicesis de Loja; vol. 2, La Iglesia en Loja, desde la colonia hasta nuestros das. 5116. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. El Convento de la Merced de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 10:27/29 (ene./mayo 1930), 137-184; 11:30/32 (jun./dic. 1930), 193-208; 12:33/35 (ene./jun. 1931), 110-174. 5117. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. El Convento de la Merced de Quito (1534-1617), 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1937. 496 p. 5118. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. El Convento de la Merced de Quito (de 1616-1700). Quito: Edit. Labor, 1931. 587 p. 5119. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. El Convento de la Merced de Quito (de 1700 1800). Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1943. 747 p. 5120. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. Miscelnea mercedaria. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1939. 2 v. 5121. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. Los religiosos de la Merced en la costa del antiguo reino de Quito. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1935. 2 v. 5122. Monroy, Joel Lenidas. La Santsima Virgen de Mercedes, de Quito, y su santuario. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1933. 514 p.

Items 5116-5122 are indispensable studies of the history of the Mercedarians during the colonial period. They are detailed, multifaceted, and well researched. Furthermore, they reproduce many of the sources upon which they are based. 5123. Montalvo, Francisco Antonio de. Resumen de la historia de los dominicos del Ecuador, en los primeros ciento cncuenta aos, Corona de Mara, 23:261 (ene./ago. 1922), 2949. 5124. Monteros, Raimundo M. Narracin histrica y compendiosa del pueblo misional de Arapicos. Quito: Chimborazo, 1938. 70 p. 5125. Moradillo, Santiago. El vicariato de Zamora (1888-1957). Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1966. 125 p. 5126. Morn, Abelardo. El obispado de Ibarra: disertacin histrica. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1932. 30 p. 5127. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Las doctrinas de la Audiencia de Quito en los siglos XVI y XVII, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 11 (1991), 21-112. A data rich monograph on Indian missions and parishes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 5128. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Los jesuitas en Barbacoas, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 12 (1992), 21-34. Add new data to the establishment of the Jesuit mission and Indian pueblo in Barbacoas in the 1630s. Based on research in the Archivo del Cabildo Metropolitano de Quito. 5129. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Observancia religiosa del pueblo de Quito en 1797, La Cultura en la historia (Quito: Editora Nacional, 1992, p. 33-51. (Coleccin nuestra patria es Amrica, editor general, Jorge Nuez Snchez ; vol. 8) A quantitative study of religious observance among quiteos, specifically of their compliance with the canonical injunction to confess and to take communion at least once a year during the Easter season. Based on the status animi of 1797. See also item 5404. 5130. Muratorio, Blanca. Etnicidad, evangelizacin y protesta en el Ecuador: una perspectiva antropolgica, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo [para el] Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Socio-Econmicas, 1982. 109 p. A fascinating collection of articles on ethnicity, Protestant evangelization, and class consciousness in central Chimborazo, especially in the Lake Colta area. Includes Spanish version of items 5131 and 5132. Muratorio argues that the conversion of the majority of the indigenous people or peoples--whether or not we are dealing with a distinct ethnic group, perhaps a survivor, albeit somewhat submerged, of the pre-Hispanic period, remains to be determined-has been a response to the break-up of the hacienda, a reaction to the Catholic Churchs historic support of the hacienda system, and a reaction against racial domination. 5131. Muratorio, Blanca. Protestantism and Capitalism Revisited, in the Rural Highlands of Ecuador, Journal of Peasant Studies, 8:1 (Oct. 1980), 37-60.

5132. Muratorio, Blanca. Protestantism, Ethnicity, and Class in Chimborazo, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 506-534. Describes and examines changes brought about by peasant conversion to Protestantism in Chimborazo. 5133. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Fundacin de conventos en la Amrica Espaola: el convento franciscano de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 23:61 (ene./jun. 1943), 544. 5134. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Gonzlez Surez y su eleccin al episcopado, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:63 (ene./jun. 1943), 53-89. 5135. Navarro Jijn, Jos Mara. Apuntes para la historia de la Dicesis de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 49-72; 4:4/6 (1934-1936), 115125; 5:7 (1937), 89-119. Well documented notes for the history of the Archdiocese (then Diocese) of Guayaquil during its first century, the first part of which appeared in 1:1(1930) of the same Boletn, an issue that has eluded me. 5136. Navas, Juan de Dios. Fragmento del libro Pginas de historia eclesistica de 1534 a 1934, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 77-85. Unfortunately Navas does not appear to have completed his Historia eclesistica, upon which he apparently worked for some years. 5137. Navas, Juan de Dios. Gupulo y su santuario, 1581-1926, 1 ed. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1926. xii, 436 p. 5138. Navas, Juan de Dios. La Iglesia ecuatoriana, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 81-104. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 325-344. A digest of the history of the Catholic Church in Ecuador from 1534 through 1930. 5139. Navas, Juan de Dios. Memoria histrica del Seminario de San Luis: en la poca colonial y en la Repblica, 1594-1924 . Quito: Tip. Salesiana, 1936. 23 p. 5140. Navas, Juan de Dios. Nuestra patria y sus fronteras: la Iglesia y el Oriente ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 14:40/41 (jul./dic. 1936), 64-100. 5141. Notas histricas de la accin franciscana en el Ecuador en cien aos de independencia, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 104-115. 5142. Los Nuevos conquistadores: el Instituto Lingstico de Verano en Amrica Latina, Ginette Cano [et al.]. Quito: CEDIS: FENOC, 1979. 385 p. 5143. Padilla J., Washington. La Iglesia y los dioses modernos: historia del protestantismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 455 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 23)

A comprehensive history of Protestantism in Ecuador. The author is an Evangelist minister and as of July 1997, was one of the most important Protestant leaders in the country. 5144. Paniagua Prez, Jess. El Cristo de Girn en el siglo XVIII, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 6 (1986), 71-100. A multifaceted analysis of the economic, ideological, and social aspects of the cult of the Christ of Girn in the 1700s. Based on original research in the Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay. 5145. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Los monasterios concepcionistas en la Audiencia de Quito: notas para su estudio, La Orden Concepcionista: actas del I Congreso Internacional (Len: Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Len, 1990), vol. 1, p. 563-584. 5146. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Los oratorios en la Audiencia de Quito, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 22 (ago. 1992), 103-123. A well documented study of economic and social aspects of the cult of Nuestra Seora de Guadalupe, more specifically of the affiliate brotherhood (cofrada), the sanctuary in Gupulo, and the financing of its construction and ornamentation. 5147. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Las profesiones de San Agustn de Quito, 1574-1644: (la criollizacin de una orden) I, Archivo agustiniano, 77:195 (1993), 159-177. 5148. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Las profesiones de San Agustn de Quito, 1742-1820: (la criollizacin de una orden) II, Archivo agustiniano, 79:197 (1995), 49-75. 5149. Paredes Alfaro, Rubn Elas. The Protestant Movement in Ecuador and Peru: A Comparative Socio-Anthropological Study of the Establishment and Diffusion of Protestantism in Two Central Highland Regions. 1980. xv, 263 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Los Angeles. The two regions in question are the Province of Chimborazo in Ecuador and the Mantaro River Valley in Peru. 5150. Peralta, Jos. Tipos de mi tierra: cuadros al natural, 1910. Cuenca: Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1974. 317 p. A series of satirical sketches of the clergy and the fanatically devout. 5151. Prez Fernndez, Isacio. Bartolom de las Casas en el Per: el espritu lascasiano en la primera evangelizacin del imperio incaico (1531-1573). Cusco: Centro de Estudios Rurales Andinos Bartolom de las Casas, 1988. xi, 712 p. A major reexamination of early efforts to civilize and christianize native ethnic groups throughout the Viceroyalty of Peru at large by force of example rather than force of arms. 5152. Prez Tern, Luis. Encomenderos doctrineros. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1985. 135 p. 5096. Pierre, Franois. Voyage dexploration dun missionarie dominicain chez les tribus sauvages de lEquateur, avec un preface du T.R.P. Magalli. Paris: Bureaux de lAnne dominicaine, 1899. x, 344 p.

Published anonymously. Know to have been authored by the Abb Franois Pierre. Translated by Magalli, also a Dominican missionary. 5153. Proao, Luis Octavio. Diccionario biogrfico de ilustres mercedarios ligados a la Provincia de Quito desde 1534 a 1981. Cuenca: Offset Color Cuenca, 1982. 220 p. 5154. Proao, Luis Octavio. Historia general de la Provincia Mercedaria de Quito, Ecuador. Cuenca: Edit. Universidad Catlica, 1984. 302 p. 5155. Proao, Luis Octavio. Los mercedarios en Cuenca. Cuenca: L.O. Proao, 1990. xviii, 492 p. 5156. Proao, Luis Octavio. Miscelnea histrica. Ibarra: Grficas Hernndez, 1986. 2 v. Consists of essays on various aspects of the history of the Mercedarians in Ecuador. Vol. 1 subtitled: Miscelnea histrica en el ao jubilar de San Pedro Nolasco; vol. 2: 750 aos del trnsito de San Pedro Nolasco a la gloria. 5157. Proao, Luis Octavio. Nuestra Seora de la Merced en la colonia y en la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: L.O. Proao, 1993. 806 p. A history of the cult of Our Lady of Mercy, especially in those cities where the Mercedarians established convents and churches, from early colonial times through the twentieth century. Well researched. 5158. Proao Villalba, Lenidas E. Concientizacin, evangelizacin, poltica. Salamanca: Ediciones Sgueme, 1985. 186 p. 5159. Proao Villalba, Lenidas E. Monseor Lenidas Proao, el profeta del pueblo: seleccin de sus textos. Quito: Fundacin Pueblo Indio del Ecuador; Ciudad; FEPP, CEDEP, 1990. 410 p. 5160. La Provincia de San Francisco de Quito: resumen histrico, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-1930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 345-359. 5161. Recio, Bernardo. Compendiosa relacin de la cristiandad de Quito, edicin, prlogo, notas y apndices por Carlos Garca Goldaraz. Madrid: Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 1947. 695 p. An eighteenth-century chronicle of Jesuit missions in Maynas on the one hand and a coeval description of Ecuador on the other, especially of the state of the church. Recio (1714-1791) was stationed in Ecuador between 1750 and1760 and again between 1763 and 1765. For appreciations and evaluations of his exceptionally detailed account see items 5102, 5103, and 7009. 5162. Reconstitucin del Obispado de Mainas: documentos oficiales, Domingo Angulo. Lima: Impr. del Estado, 1913. ix, 153 p. 5163. Reed, Ierold F. A Componential Analysis of the Ecuadorian Protestant Church. 1974. xviii, 219 leaves. Thesis (D. Miss.)--Fuller Theological Seminary. 5164. Relacin, copia y descripcin de esta Provincia de San Francisco de Quito, Museo Histrico, 14:41/42 (ago. 1962), 12-41.

A 1647 description of the Franciscan Province of Quito. 5165. Richard, Samuel Martell. Priests and Praxis: Liberation Theology and Socioeconomic Change in Ecuador. 1992. xii, 440 p. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Rutgers, the Sate University of New Jersey. 5166. Riofro, Francisco Javier. La advocacin de Nuestra Seora del Cisne: origen y progresos. Quito: Edit. Chimborazo, 1924. 636 p. An exceptionally scholarly work that treats many aspects of the history of Loja. Reprinted in a 2 ed.: Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1996. viii, 362 p. 5167. Rivera, Nstor. Presencia redentorista en el Ecuador, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 13 (1993), 161-184. Apparently a prcis and update of the authors Los redentoristas del Ecuador (Quito, 1970). 5168. Rivet, Paul. Le christianisme et les indiens de lRpublique de lEquateur, Anthropologie, 17 (1906), 81-101. 5169. Robinson, Scott S. Fulfilling the Mission: North American Evangelism in Ecuador, Is God an American?: An Anthropological Perspective on the Missionary Work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, edited by Sren Hvalkof and Peter Aaby (Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA); London: Survival International, 1981), p. 40-49. A critical review of the history of North American evangelical mission work in the country at the large, with an emphasis on post-World War II years. Robinson is probably right that Evangelicals ignore Old Testament admonitions about justice; their gospel is devoid of social content. They rely instead on the creation and sustenance of a passive, yet passionate faith--in God and America--nurtured by the anxieties of domestic social changes few bother to analyze and fewer still are committed to act upon. 5170. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Autoridades eclesisticas, 1634-1949. Guayaquil: Reed & Reed, [1949]. [6] p. Miscellaneous notes on ecclesiastical dignitaries of the port city. 5171. Rodrguez, Manuel. El descubrimiento del Maran, edicin, prlogo y notas de Angel Durn. Madrid: Alianza, 1990. 666 p. Originally published as: El Maran y Amazonas: historia de los descubrimientos, entradas y reduccin de naciones, trabajos malogrados de algunos conquistadores y dichosos de otros, ass temporales, como espirituales, en las dilatadas montaas y mayores ros de la Amrica (Madrid: Impr. de Antonio Gonzlez de Reyes, 1684; [24], 444, [7]). N.B. The original edition is exceptionally rare inasmuch as it was placed on the Index of Prohibited Books because Rodrguez failed to obtain the proper ecclesiastical licenses to publish the work. Delineates the early history of the Jesuit missions in the Upper Amazon Basin. N.B. Father Rodrguez (16281684), a court agent or procurador for the Jesuit Missions of the Province of Quito, used many sources that have not survived. 5172. Romero Arteta, Oswaldo. Los jesuitas en el Reino de Quito. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1962. 34 p.

5173. Los Salesianos y la Amazonia, Juan Bottasso, compilador, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 3 v. Contents: vol. 1, Relaciones de viajes, 1893-1909; vol. 2, Relaciones etnogrficas y geogrficas; vol. 3, Actividades y presencias. 5174. San Jacinto y Riofro, Santiago de. Noticia o relacin ... sobre la misin de los indios infieles de Copataza, como misionero de ella, Corona de Mara, 13:146 (ene. 1912), 10-23. Covers the years 1751-1826. 5175. Snchez Rangel de Fayas, Hiplito Antonio. Despedida del obispo de Mainas: fragmentos de una pastoral escrita en Mainas en la fuga de su primer obispo: documentos. Madrid: Impr. de E. Aguado, 1825. 183, 14, 22, 37 p. 5176. Santana, Roberto. Le protestantisme chez les indiens du Chimborazo en Equateur, Problmes dAmrique Latine, 86 (1987), 97-108. Maintains that the post 1970 growth of Protestantism among the Indians of Chimborazo has bolstered ethnic identity, political participation, and socioeconomic conditions. For a different view see items 5130-5132. 5177. Sarzosa Flores, Vicente. Una luz brill en la Amazonia. [Quito?: s.n.], 1987. 96 p. An adulatory account of Salesian activities in the Province of Morona-Santiago. 5178. Snodos de Quito del siglo XVI, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 3:3/4 (1978), 1-200. Publishes texts of the first three synods (1570, 1594, and 1596) of the Diocese of Quito. Includes explanatory notes by Jos Mara Vargas. See also Flix Carmona Morenos edition of the Snodos de Quito (1594) y Loja (1596). Madrid: Revista agustiniana, 1996. 244 p. 5179. Solano, Vicente. Cartas al doctor Jos Mara Lazo: en los aos de 1840 y 1856, publicadas y anotadas por Manuel Mara Plit. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1902. 337 p. Reprinted in Solanos Epistolario (item 5185). 5180. Solano, Vicente. Epistolario, prlogo y notas de Agustn Cueva Tamariz. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1953. 2 v. (liv, 585 p.) Reprints items 5185, 5187, and Correspondencia epistolar de Fr. Vicente Solano con el Rvdo. P. Fr. Buenaventura Figueroa, O.P., prlogo de Jos Mara Vargas (Quito, 1935; 71 p.). Includes a solid introduction and useful notes by Cueva Tamariz. 5181. Solano, Vicente. Obras. Barcelona: Tip. la Hormiga de Oro, 1892-1895. 4 v. Solano freely expressed himself on many topics of the day, not just on church matters. He was a journalist as well as a polemicist; in fact Solano edited and produced the first newspaper of Cuenca, El Eco del Azuay (1828). For the bibliographic particulars of his output see: Juan Cordero Iigez and Bernarda Crespo Cordero, Bibliografa azuaya (item 51); and Miguel Daz Cueva, Bibliografa de Fray Vicente Solano (item 61).

5182. Solano, Vicente. Otras cartas ... al Dr. Jos Antonio Eguiguren, publicadas en La Unin literaria por Manuel Mara Plit. Cuenca: Tip. La Repblica, 1912. 34 p. Reprinted in item 5185. 5183. Sono, Carlos. Nuestra Seora del Quinche. Quito: Tip. La Rpida, 1903. v, 238 p. 5184. Spiller, Maximiliano. Historia de la Misin Josefina del Napo, 1922-1974. Quito: Artes Grficas, 1974-. <1> v. 5185. Stoll, David. Is Latin America Turning Protestant?: the Politics of Evangelical Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. xxi, 424 p. Includes a chapter on World Vision in Ecuador (p. 266-304). 5186. Swanson, Jeffrey. Echoes of the Call: Identity and Ideology among American Missionaries in Ecuador. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. viii, 204 p. Although this work ultimately has something to say about the life and work of evangelical Protestant missionaries and their families in the HCJB compound in Quito, its importance lies not so much in what Swanson has to say about American missionary activities in Ecuador, but rather in the insight he provides as to the mentality of Protestant missionaries and indirectly as to why their writings about Ecuador and Ecuadorians are usually surrealistic. 5187. Tapia Tamayo, Amlcar. Pueblos y doctrinas de la antigua Provincia de los Pastos, 1 ed. Tulcn: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Investigaciones Histricas y Geogrficas, 1992. 124 p. Reconstructs the colonial period history of Indian pueblos of Tulcn, Huaca, Tusa, and Puntal, all which as parishes were entrusted to the Mercedarians, in what would become the Province of Carchi. Exceptionally well researched. Incorporates authors Doctrinas de la antigua provincia de los Pastos, Memoria, Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Investigaciones Histricas y Geogrficas, 2 (1991/1992) 211-260. Tapia Tamayo, one of Ecuadors new, professionally trained historians, is rapidly emerging as an authority on the past of his native province (Carchi), the study of which had been neglected. 5188. Tern, Enrique. Los RR.PP. agustinos en el Ecuador, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 159-181. Reprinted and updated as: Los padres agustinos en el Ecuador, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 385-404. 5189. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Los claustros 1845-1851, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 64:137/138 (ene./dic. 1981), 9-22. 5190. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Un conflicto episcopal: el caso del Colegio de Tulcn, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:113 (ene./jun. 1969), 98-113. Analyzes the 1896-1897 dispute regarding jurisdiction over Tulcn between Gonzlez Surez, then the bishop of Ibarra, and Ezequiel Moreno Daz, the bishop of Pasto, provoked by the alleged liberalism of the Colegio Bolvar of Tulcn. 5191. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Las dioceses de 1845 a 1851, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 61:131/132 (ene./dic. 1978), 219-258.

Items 5190 and 5191 continue item 5192. 5192. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La Iglesia ecuatoriana en el siglo XIX. T. 1. De 1809 a 1845. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1934. 20, 633 p. Only vol. published, but see also items 5188 and 5190. A detailed and well documented study of the Catholic Church in the first half of the nineteenth century. 5193. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La Iglesia modeladora de la nacionalidad. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1953. 398 p. A scholarly but unabashedly proclerical essay on the multifaceted role the church has played in Ecuadorian society. 5194. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Los primeros obispos de Quito y los indios, Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:77 (28 ago. 1934), 152-164. 5195. Torres, Alberto Mara. El estudio del quichua entre los domincos del Ecuador, El Oriente dominicano, 4:19 (mar./abr. 1931), 41-50. 5196. Torres, Alberto Mara. La hospedera dominicana en Ambato: contribucin para la historia eclesistica del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 1:1 (jul./oct. 1920), 105-135. Also published as a separate: Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1921. 31 p. 5197. Torres, Alberto Mara. Orgenes de las dominicanas docentes en el Ecuador y el Per. Quito: Impr. de la Corona de Mara, 1925. 53 p. 5198. Torres, Alberto Mara. La Tercera Orden Dominicana de Ambato en su cincuentenario, 1878-1928 . Ambato: Tip. Garcs, 1929. 32 p. 5199. Trujillo Len, Jorge. Los obscuros designios de Dios y del imperio: el Instituto Lingstico de Verano en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Publicaciones CIESE, 1981. 138 p. 5200. Uriarte, Manuel J. Diario de un misionero de Mainas, transcripcin, introduccin y notas del P. Constantino Bayle. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Instituto Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 1952. 2 v. in 1. Covers the years 1750-1771. Also published as: Diario de un misionero de Maynas. Iquitos: Monumenta Amaznica, 1986. 686 p. 5201. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. Historia de la Provincia de Santa Catalina Virgen y Mrtir de Quito de la Orden de Predicadores. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1950. 276 p. Reprint; originally published by the same press in 1900. Nominally tomo 2. Tomo 1, if written, was never published, however. 5202. Valdecasas, Antonio. Los jesuitas en Riobamba en mayo de 1897, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 5:17 (ene. 1928), 46-54. 5203. Valladares, Alvaro. Cartas sobre las misiones dominicanas en la regin oriental del Ecuador: segunda serie. Quito: Impr. de Santo Domingo, 1912. 2 v. (56, 74 p.)

5204. Vargas, Jos Mara. Estado actual de las misiones dominicanas en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Oriente dominicano, 5:28/29 (sept./dic. 1932), 154-164. 5205. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia de la Iglesia en el Ecuador durante el patronato espaol. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1962. 559 p. Incredible as it may seem, the only diachronically complete account of the history of the Catholic Church during the colonial period. Thematically anachronistic, however. 5206. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia de la Provincia de Santa Catalina, Virgen y Mrtir, de Quito, de la Orden de Predicadores. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1942. 287 p. See also: Vargass Historia de la Provincia Dominicana del Ecuador, siglos XVI y XVII. Quito: Edit. Royal, 1986. 377 p. 5207. Vargas, Jos Mara. Historia de la Provincia Dominicana del Ecuador en el siglo XIX. Quito: Editora Royal, 1982. 300 p. 5208. Vargas, Jos Mara. Nuestra Seora del Rosario en el Ecuador. Quito: Artes Grficas Seal, 1983. 137 p. 5209. Vargas Ugarte, Ruben. Historia de la Iglesia en el Per. Lima: R. Vargas Ugarte, 1953-1962. 5 v. Includes several chapters and sections of chapters on Dioceses of Quito and Cuenca during the colonial period. 5210. Vsconez Tobar, Gabriel. Apuntes histricos acerca del Seminario Mayor de San Jos de la Arquidicesis de Quito. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1907. iii, 98 p. 5211. Velasco, Juan de. Historia moderna del Reyno de Quito y crnica de la Provincia de la Compaa de Jess del mismo reyno ..., publicacin dirigida por Raul Reyes y Reyes. Quito: Impr. de la Caja del Seguro, 1941. vi, 427 p. (Biblioteca Amazonas; vol. 8 [i.e., 9]) A history of the Jesuits in Ecuador through 1685. Previously unpublished. Only vol. 1 published. Not to be confused with Velascos Historia del Reino de Quito (see item 1529). 5212. Vicariato apostolico di Mendez e Gualaquiza: (tra i Jivaros del Ecuador). Torino: Societa Editrice Internazionale, 1925. 111 p. 5213. Vickers, William T. The Jesuits and the SIL: External Policies for Ecuadors Tucanoans through Three Centuries, Is God an American?: An Anthropological Perspective on the Missionary Work of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, edited by Sren Hvalkof and Peter Aaby (Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs and Survival International (IWGIA); London: Survival International, 1981), p. 50-61. A comparative study of Jesuit missionary attempts to impose external models on the Sionas / Secoyas in the 1700s and those of the Summer Institute of Linguistics in the second half of the 1900s. Vickers believes that the efforts of the SIL will ultimately be successful whereas those of the Jesuits failed, but that the SILs success will be the harbinger of the loss of a way of life.

5214. Villalba F., Jorge. Documentos, diarios, memoriales, cartas y mapas del P. Samuel Fritz, S.J.: misionero del Amazonas, 1689-1709, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 12 (1992), 55-94. The importance of this somewhat eclectic piece lies in its reproduction of the text of two manuscripts by Father Fritz, the 1689 Compendio de la bajada por el Ro de Amazonas ... and the 1692 Memorial que present el Padre Samuel, al Excmo. Sr. virrey conde de la Monclova, con el mapa del Ro Maran o Amazonas ... 5215. Villalba F., Jorge. Los religiosos en la evangelizacin del Reino de Quito en el siglo XVI: mtodos introducidos por los jesuitas, 1586-1650, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 11 (1991), 151-301. A detailed, well researched account of the missionary labors of the Jesuits in the Oriente during the first half of the colonial period. Somewhat tendentious, however, inasmuch as the author, himself a Jesuit, maintains that his predecessors did not impose Christianity, Western civilization, and sedentary life but that la aceptacin de la fe cristiana y de su representante, el misionero, es libre y voluntaria, de parte de las tribus amaznicas and that el indgena acepta dejar su vida nmada y formar pueblos (authors emphasis). 5216. Villalba F., Jorge. Los snodos quitenses del Obispo Luis Lpez de Sols: 1594 y 1596, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 3/4 (1978), 69-198. Includes the texts in Spanish of the synods of 1594 and 1596. 5217. Villass Tern, Enrique M. La evangelizacin del indgena en el Quito hispnico. Quito: Grf. Iberia, 1987. xix, 224 p. Superficial and tendentious. 5218. Villegas, Juan. La Congregacin o Esclavitud Nuestra Seora de Loreto, Quito, siglos XVII y XVIII. Montevideo: Universidad Catlica Damaso A. Larranaga, Departamento de Investigacin y Estudios Superiores de Historia Americana, 1985. 48 leaves. 5219. Visin Mundial: evaluacin y seguimiento en algunas comunidades indgenas de la sierra ecuatoriana, investigacin, CEPLAES. Quito: Ministerio de Bienestar Social, Oficina Nacional de Asuntos Indgenas, Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales; Abya-Yala, 1984. iv, 418 p. A set of studies of social conflict resultant from development projects and proselytization by World Vision International, an evangelical Protestant agency, in four highland villages. 5220. Vivanco, Carlos A. Informe de las misiones de los padres franciscanos en Oriente, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 21:57 (ene./jun. 1941), 79-105. 5221. Wallis, Ethel Emily. Aucas Downriver: Dayumas Story Today. New York: Harper and Row, 1973. x, 126 p. 5222. Wallis, Ethel Emily; and Maria Angela Bennet. The Dayuma Story: Life under Auca Spears. New York: Harper, 1960. 288 p.

Item 5222 updates 5221. The story of Rachel Saint (d. 1994), a sister (biological) of one of the five Protestant missionaries martyred by Huaorani, and of Dayuma, a Huaorani woman, converted by Rachel. As of July 1997, the latest version was: Dayuma, Life under Waorani Spears: A Tragedy that Shocked the World, a Vision that Refused to Die. Seattle: YMAM Publishing, 1996. 205 p. 5223. Wallis, Katherine MacGregor. Heads You Lose. New York: Carlton Press, 1960. 161 p. 5224. Yerovi, Jos Mara. Cartas pastorales. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 104 p. 5225. Zaldumbide, Gonzalo. El nuevo libro de Tobar Donoso y breves consideraciones en torno. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1954. 40 p. A commentary on Julio Tobar Donosos La Iglesia, modeladora de la nacionalidad (item 5192). 5226. Zambrano Palacios, Alberto. Labor misionera en el Oriente: la misin dominicana en la regin de Pastaza . Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1972. 237 p. 5227. Zawadzky C., Alfonso. Viajes misioneros del R.P. Fray Fernando de Jess Larrea, franciscano, 1700-1773. Cali, Colombia: Impr. Bolivariana, 1945. 326 p.

CHURCH AND STATE

5228. Aguilar-Monsalve, Luis Antonio. Breaking the Bonds of Church and State: The New Religious Freedom in Ecuador, Thought, 63:250 (Sept. 1988), 236-249. 5229. Aguilar-Monsalve, Luis Antonio. The Separation of Church and State: The Ecuadoran Case, Thought, 59:233 (June 1984), 205-218. Items 5235 and 5236 review the history of relations between the Catholic Church and the Ecuadorian state from 1830 through Vatican II and the Concordat of 1984. 5230. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. Historia de la accin clerical en el Ecuador: desde la conquista hasta nuestros das, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Solitierra, 1977. 301 p. 5231. Albornoz Peralta, Oswaldo. La oposicin del clero a la independencia americana. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1975. 301 p. Items 5230 and 5231 are highly polemic and not altogether factually reliable. Important, however, because they exemplify extent to which anticlerical passions have influenced politics and inflamed scholarship in Ecuador. 5232. Ayala, Segundo F. Catolicismo y poltica. Quito: Edit. Plenitud, 1944. 61 p. Published conjointly with: Carlos Mara de la Torre, El clero ecuatoriano y la poltica (item 5247).

5233. Ayala Mora, Enrique. La relacin Iglesia-Estado en el Ecuador del S. XIX, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 6 (II sem. 1994), 91-115. A reexamination of relations between the Catholic Church and the state during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. The most important point Ayala makes is that neither entity was intransigent or immobile in its dealings with the other as has sometimes been postulated. 5234. Bermeo, Antonio. Acotaciones en el primer sesquicentenario de la independencia de Guayaquil, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./junio 1970), 5-10. Research notes on relations between the Catholic Church and the Provincia Libre de Guayaquil. 5235. Bermeo, Antonio. La Iglesia en el Departamento del Ecuador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 29:74 (jul./dic. 1949), 270-276. 5236. Bermeo, Antonio. El juramento constitucional del primer obispo de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 10:23/24 (1955), 95-100. 5237. Bermeo, Antonio. Relaciones de la Iglesia y el Estado ecuatoriano, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 298-316. 5238. Bermeo, Antonio. Relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado en la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1969. 247 p. Primarily concerned with the establishment of the Dioceses of Cuenca and Guayaquil. Reflects considerable original research as do also all of Bermeos studies. Originally published in: Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 14/16:30-32 (1967), 3-15; 17:33 (1967), 34-135; 18:34-35 (1968), 97-229. 5239. Bialek, Robert W. Catholic Politics: A History Based on Ecuador, 1st ed. New York: Vantage Press, 1963. 144 p. Examines the role of the Catholic Church in national politics from 1830 through the Concordat of 1937. Based on published studies and sources. 5240. Blanco, Guillermo. Los incidentes de Riobamba y Pudahuel en tres diarios chilenos, 1 ed. Santiago: Instituto Chileno de Estudios Humansticos, 1977. 174 p. 5241. Bustos-Videla, Csar. Church and State in Ecuador: a History of PoliticoEcclesiastical Relations during the Age of Gabriel Garca Moreno, 1860-1875. 1966. vii, 365 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University. 5242. Carbo, Pedro. La cuestin de libros i otras cuestiones relacionadas con ella. Quito: Tip. de F. Bermeo, por J. Mora, 1868. 24 p. 5243. Carbo, Pedro. La Repblica i la Iglesia, y defensa de la esposicin del Concejo Cantonal de Guayaquil sobre la inconstitucionalidad del concordato celebrado entre el Presidente del Ecuador y la Santa Sede: e informe del mismo Concejo Cantonal al Congreso sobre el mismo asunto. Guayaquil: Impr. de Murillo, 1863. 66 p.

5244. Castillo Illingworth, J. Santiago. La Iglesia y la revolucin liberal: las relaciones de la Iglesia y el Estado en la poca del Liberalismo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 349 p. (Coleccin histrica; vol. 25) 5245. Coral, Luciano. El Ecuador y el Vaticano, o, La revolucin religiosa en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1898. 341 p. Coral was a partisan of Eloy Alfaro. 5246. Chiriboga, Joaqun. La luz del pueblo, o sea, El criterio para juzgar cuestiones poltico-religiosas, prlogo de Felicsimo Lpez. Guayaquil: La Concordia, 1899. 264 p. 5247. De la Torre, Carlos Mara. El clero ecuatoriano y la poltica. Quito: Edit. Plenitud, [1944?]. 61 p. Published conjointly with Segundo F. Ayalas Catolicismo y poltica (item 5232). 5248. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador, cuestiones histricas: envenenamiento del Arzobispo Checa. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1906. 76 p. 5249. Destruge, Camilo. El Municipio de Guayaquil y el concordato, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 2:22 (dic. 1911), 349-356. 5250. Destruge, Camilo. El Vaticano y la independencia, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:47 (mayo 1915), 368-373; 3:48 (jun. 1915), 385-391. 5251. El Episcopado ecuatoriano ante la situacin actual de la Repblica. Quito: Tip. y Enc. Salesianas, 1914. 62 p. 5252. El Evangelio subversivo: historia y documentos del encuentro de Riobamba, agosto 1976, Equipo Tierra Dos Tercios. Salamanca: Ediciones Sigueme, [1977?]. 200 p. 5253. Federico Gonzlez Surez: la polmica sobre el estado laico, estudio introductorio y seleccin, Enrique Ayala Mora. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Nacional, 1980. 516 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 4) 5254. Flores, Antonio. El concordato ecuatoriano. Paris: Librera de Garnier Hermanos, 1894. 85 p. 5255. Flores, Antonio. Convenio para ls sustitucin del diezmo: adicional al concordato. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1891. 13 p. 5256. Flores, Antonio. Diezmos y censos. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1885 68 p. 5257. Flores, Antonio. Refutacin de La reforma religiosa en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1877. 20 p. 5258. Flores, Antonio. La Santa Sede y el Presidente del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1889-1891. 3 v. 5259. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Defensa de los jesuitas. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Nacin, 1884. 107 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito, 1851.

5260. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. El Modus Vivendi ecuatoriano ante el derecho pblico, Oriente dominicano, 11:58/59 (ene./feb. 1928), 231-234; 11:60/61 (mar./abr. 1938), 263-266; 11:62/63 (mayo/jun. 1938), 303-307; 11:66/67 (sept./oct. 1938), 383-387; 11:68/69 (nov./dic. 1938), 416-420; 12:70/71 (ene./feb. 1939), 26-28; 12:72/73 (mar./abr. 1939), 61-63; 12:74/75 (mayo/jun. 1939), 99-101; 12:77 (ago. 1939), 157-158; 12:79 (oct. 1939), 223-224, 228. 5261. Jaramillo, Alvarado Po. La doctrina liberal (hombres e ideas en el Ecuador): don Abelardo Moncayo y su poca. Quito: Edit. Quito, 1923. 80 p. Examines the separation of church and state under Alfaro and his ideological collaborator Moncayo from Conservative Party and pro-Catholic points of view and the differential reaction of the clergy to depoliticization of the church. 5262. King, William Martin. Ecuadorian Church and State Relations Under Garca Moreno, 1859-1863. 1974. vi, 402 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. 5263. King, William M. La Iglesia ecuatoriana y las relaciones con el Estado durante el gobierno de Garca Moreno, 1859-1863, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), 58:125 (ene./jun. 1975), 162-186; 58:126 (jul./dic. 1975), 120-133;60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977), 185-214; 62:133-134 (ene./dic. 1979), 47-66. N.B. Item 5263 is an incomplete translation of item 5262. 5264. Larrea Holgun, Juan. Del patronato al Modus Vivendi: relaciones de la Iglesia y el Estado en el Ecuador, Revista, Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 2 (1976), 7-23. A prcis of item 5265. 5265. Larrea Holgun, Juan. La Iglesia y el Estado en el Ecuador, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 262 p. Originally published: Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1954. xi, 168 p. A solid study of the Concordat of 1862 and the Modus Vivendi of 1937. 5266. Larrea Holgun, Juan. Relaciones Iglesia-Estado en el Ecuador, Simposio Sudamericano Alemn sobre Iglesia y Estado: estudios presentados en las Quintas Jornadas Teolgicas de la P.U.C.E. organizadas en colaboracin con el Instituto de Derecho Eclesistico del Estado en Bonn, Quito, 4-8 junio 1979, editado por Julio Tern Dutari, (Quito: Ediciones de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1980), p. 343-358. 5267. Lernoux, Penny. Cry of the People. New York: Penguin Books, 1991. 535 p. Reprint with a new after word by George Black; originally published: New York: Doubleday, 1980. Includes a chapter (five) on the Riobamba incident and a running discussion of efforts of Monseigneur Proao and like minded clerics to promote social justice in Ecuador. 5268. Loor, Wilfrido. Los jesuitas en el Ecuador: su ingreso y expulsin, 1850-1852. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1959. vii, 248 p. 5269. Lpez, Felicsimo. Historia de una excomunin en el Ecuador. New York: American Bank Note Company, 1909. x, 327 p.

Lpez, an intransigent Liberal who backed the state in its differences with the Catholic Church, recounts the circumstances of his excommunication in 1890 by Bishop Schumacher of Portoviejo, and the political consequences thereof (e.g., the Senate refused to allow him to take his seat in 1894). 5270. Lpez, Nicols F. Antes y despus del Modus Vivendi. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1938. 51 p. 5271. Matovelle, Julio. Principios generales de derecho pblico eclesistico. Cuenca: Impr. del Clero, 1892. xvi, 283 p. A statement of the traditional position of the Catholic Church towards lay matters and the state with particular reference to Ecuador. 5272. Miranda Ribadeneira, Francisco. Garca Moreno y la Compaa de Jess: historial e interpretativa. Quito: Impr. y Eds. Lexigrama, 1976. 120 p. 5273. Muoz Vega, Pablo. Fe y poltica: dilogos con el Cardenal Muoz Vega, entrevista Gonzalo Chvez. Quito: Radio Catlica Nacional, 1986. 242 p. 5274. Peralta, Jos. Aos de lucha. Cuenca: Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973 [i.e., 1974-1976]. 3 v. 5275. Peralta, Jos. La cuestin religiosa y el poder pblico en el Ecuador. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1901. iv, 70 p. Although a Liberal, Peralta initially advocated a modus vivendi with the Catholic Church. Subsequently, however, he became more critical of and opposed to the church as an institution (see the preceding item). 5276. Prez Torres, Pedro Pablo. Federico Gonzlez Surez: en el obispado de Ibarra, frente a los problemas polticos y sociales del pas. Ibarra: Impr. Municipal Pedro Moncayo, 1944. 171 p. 5277. Roncagliolo, Rafael; and Fernando Reyes Matta. Iglesia, prensa y militares: el caso Riobamba y los obispos latinoamericanos. Mxico: Instituto Latinoamericano de Estudios Transnacionales, 1978. 225 p. 5278. Snchez, Ricardo A. La venerada memoria de Gonzlez Surez: reparos a un detractor. Quito: Impr. Americana, 1939. 294 p. Defends the archbishop-historian against Wilfrido Loor (see item 2489). 5279. Sartorelli, P.L. Bautismo y matrimonio: estudio sobre las leyes civiles que se refieren a la administracin de estos sacramentos. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1956. 12 p. Not intended to be divulged publicly: Pro manuscripto (reservado para el Vble. clero)-Cover. Recapitulates the Catholic Churchs objections to the Ley del Registro Civil (1901) and the Ley del matrionio civil (1902). 5280. Schumacher, Pedro. Teocracia o demoniocracia?, Cristo o Lucifer?: quin vencer?, quin como Dios!, 2 ed. Friburg: B. Herder, 1897. 109 p.

5281. Segundas jornadas teolgicas: relaciones de la Iglesia y el Estado en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Publicaciones, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1976. 136 p. A set of papers from a conference on church and state relations in Ecuador held in Quito Dec. 9-12, 1975. 5282. Los Sucesos de Riobamba. Lima: Centro de Documentacin, MIEC-JECI, 1976. 64 p. 5283. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Catolicismo social. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1936. 259 p. An anthology of articles, written between 1926 and 1936, by a leading Catholic intellectual. Significant as statements of the extent, however circumscribed, to which Conservatives in Ecuador endeavored to cope with social problems in the early twentieth century. 5285. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Gonzlez Surez, defensor por excelencia en el Ecuador de la libertad de la Iglesia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:63 (ene./jun. 1944), 147200. Also issued as a separate: Quito: Impr. Romero, 1944. 54 p. 5286. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Iglesia y Estado en las primeras constituciones de la Gran Colombia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 43:98 (jul./dic. 1961), 154-175. A comparative study of provisions relating to church and state in the 1811 Acta de federacin de las Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada, the projected 1811 Constitution of Venezuela, and the 1812 Artculos solemne de sociedad y unin entre las provincias que forman el Estado de Quito. 5287. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El primer concordato ecuatoriano, Memorias de la Academia Ecuatoriana, nueva ser., 6:12 (ene. 1932), 172-210. Also published in: Boletn eclesistico (Quito), 39:5/6 (1932), 225-265; and reprinted in: Monografas histricas (item 2198), p. 256-310. 5288. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La poltica religiosa de Roca, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 102-128. Also continues item 5192. 5289. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La reclamacin de los obispos chilenos de 1856, y la reforma del Cdigo civil ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1956. 28 p. 5290. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Las relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado ecuatoriano: resumen histrico, Monografas histricas (item 2198), p. 426-462. Originally published as a separate: Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin de Prensa Catlica, 1924. 55 p. 5291. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. El R.P. Fr. Jernimo de Cervantes y el Corregidor Salazar de Villasante, Oriente dominicano, 11:58/59 (ene./feb. 1938), 252-255; 11:60/61 (mar./abr. 1938), 286-288; 11:62/63 (mayo/jun. 1938), 329-333. 5292. Il Vangelo e sovversivo: i fattii di Riobamba. Roma: Associazione per gli Studi e la documentazione dei problemi socio-religiosi dellAmerica Latina, 1976. 191 p.

5293. Vargas, Jos Mara. El Libertador Simn Bolvar y la Iglesia ecuatoriana, Revista de la Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 14:44 (abr. 1986), 79-116. 5294. Vzquez, Honorato. Contra la Ley de patronato. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1899. 28 p. 5295. Vzquez, Honorato. Cuestiones religiosas en el Senado de 1904. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1904. 54 p. 5296. Vzquez, Honorato. Defensa de los intereses catlicos en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Impr. Gutenberg, 1908. 170 p. Items 5295 and 5296 delineate the authors support of church interests in the Congresses of 1899 and 1904.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE

The history of medicine has been extensively cultivated in Ecuador. A quite detailed, more or less reliable, albeit now somewhat dated account of medical developments and the history of epidemics in the country can be had from Gualbeto Arcoss La medicina en el Ecuador (item 5303), Virgilio Paredes Borjas Historia de la medicina en el Ecuador (item 5372), and Juan Jos Samaniegos Cronologa mdica ecuatoriana (item 5377). Not surprisingly, Arcos, Paredes Borja, and Samaneigo are stronger on Quito and its hinterland than they are on the rest of the country. But a good appreciation of medical developments and the history of epidemics in Cuenca and its district is available through studies of Csar Hermida Piedra (items 5333 and 5336), and Manuel Agustn Landvar (items 5342-5346), and in the port city and the centralsouth coast in works of Julio Alvarez C. (item 5301), Julio Estrada Ycaza (items 5313-5317), Pedro Jos Huerta (items 5339 and 5340), Mauro Madero Moreira (item 5356), Ronn F. Pineo (item 6858), and J. Gabriel Pino Roca (item 5376). Furthermore, quasi-complete bibliographies of medical materials published in and on the country exist. In addition to the bibliographies by Eduardo Estrella (item 72), Mauro Madeira Moreira and Francisco Parra Gil (item 130), Carlos A. Rolando (item 168), see those by Rodrigo Fierro Bentez, Catlogo del libro ecuatoriano de medicina: obras seleccionadas, siglo XVIII hasta 1995 (Quito: Academia Ecuatoriana de Medicina, 1995; 169 p.) and Bibliografa cientfica medica ecuatoriana publicada en el exterior (Quito) Casa de la cultura ecuatoriana "Benjamn Carrin", 1995; 422 p. [Coleccin: Bibliografa cientfica ecuatoriana; no.1]). A significant pre-1996 study that should have been included in this section is Doublas H. Ubelakers The Biological Impact of European Contact in Ecuador, In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest, editors Clark Spencer Larsen [and] George R. Miller (New York: Wiley-Liss, 1994), p. 147-160, in which Ubelaker, a physical anthropologist, examines the biological consequences of the Spanish conquest, drawing on twenty years of research on the skeletal remains of pre- and post-conquest occupants of the future Ecuador.

5297. Albarracn, Agustn. De los Aires, aguas y lugares hipocrticos a las Reflexiones de Eugenio Espejo, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1185-1203. Delineates and examines the intellectual antecedents of Espejos Reflexiones sobre la virtud, importancia y conveniencia que propone don Francisco Gil ... en su disertacin fsico qumica acerca de un mtodo seguro para preservar a los pueblos de las viruelas (1785). Item 5297 was also published as La medicina colonial en el siglo XVIII: de los Aires, aguas y lugares hipocrticos a las Reflexiones de Eugenio Espejo, Asclepio, 39:2 (1987), 201-215. 5298. Alchon, Suzanne Austin. Disease in Colonial Ecuador: a Comparative Study of Health, Illness, and Healing in Native Andean Society before and after the Spanish Conquest, Proceedings of the International Congress on the Great Maritime Discoveries and World Health (Lisboa: Escola Nacional de Sade Pblica; Orden dos Mdicos; Instituto de Sintra, 1991), p. 155-185. 5299. Alchon, Suzanne Austin. Disease, Population, and Public Health in EighteenthCentury Quito, Secret Judgments of God: Old World Disease in Colonial Spanish America, edited by Noble David Cook and W. George Lowell (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 159-182. Both items 5298 and 5299 are excerpts from Alchons Native Society and Disease in Colonial Ecuador (item 5300). 5300. Alchon, Suzanne Austin. Native Society and Disease in Colonial Ecuador. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. viii, 151 p. A revision of the authors Ph.D. thesis: The Effects of Epidemic Disease in Colonial Ecuador, presented under a different name, Suzanne Austin Browne. 1984. xiv, 221 leaves. Duke University. A not altogether satisfactory study inasmuch as the author makes gratuitous assumptions regarding the identity and impact of pre- and post-conquest epidemics and as to the size of the pre-conquest population of the north-central highlands, the region to which this work is delimited. In this regard, it should be noted that Native Society and Disease is almost as much a study of the historical demography of the region as it is of epidemics and their impact during the colonial period. Also published in Spanish as: Sociedad indgena y enfermedad en Ecuador colonial, 1a ed. en espaol. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 226 p. 5301. Alvarez C., Julio. Historia de la medicina tropical ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana Justicia y Paz, 1980-1987. 4 v. in 5. Contents: [1] Amebiasis; 2, Fiebre recurrente, strongyloidiasis, toxoplasmosis; 3, Enfermedad de Chagas en Ecuador; 4, Historia de la malaria; Suplemento del vol. 4, Epidemia de coaque. El ms grande error de la medicina del siglo XX se produjo en Guayaquil. 5302. Archivos de historia de la medicina. Cuenca: Departamento de Difusin Cultural de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1984. 308 p.

5303. Arcos, Gualberto. La medicina en el Ecuador. Quito: Tip. L.I. Fernndez, 1933. 465 p. Detailed and extensively researched but poorly documented. Reprinted in a 3 ed. as Evolucin de la medicina en el Ecuador: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1979. 353 p. 5304. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. Pginas histricas de la medicina ecuatoriana: instituciones, ideas y personajes. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1981. 267 p. Includes essays on the history of the Hospital de San Juan de Dios de Quito, the sanitation of the country and its principal cities in the twentieth century, and notable physicians and parasitologists. 5305. Astudillo Espinosa, Celn. La patologa tropical en el siglo XVIII y en el Ecuador actual, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1099-1110. An essay on diseases prevalent in the eighteenth century and that were still problems as of the mid 1980s. 5306. Basantes V., G. Alberto. Las neurociencias en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 343 p. A general history of medicine in Ecuador from pre-Hispanic times through the 1980s with an emphasis on chemotherapy and neurology. 5307. Captulos de historia de la medicina en el Ecuador, Plutarco Naranjo V. [et al.]. Cuenca: Colegio de Mdicos del Azuay, 1981. 96 p. 5308. Cordero Jaramillo, Leoncio. Los primeros hospitales de Cuenca, El Ateneo (Cuenca), poca 2, 4 (1984), 1-13. 5309. Cordero Jaramillo, Leoncio. Las salas del hospital San Vicente de Paul, Archivos de la historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 261-274. 5310. Cueva Tamariz, Agustn. Evolucin de la psiquiatra en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1966. 175 p. 5311. Espejo, Eugenio. Escritos mdicos: comentarios e iconografa. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. vii, 366 p. Partial contents: Eugenio Espejo, Discurso dirigido por Espejo, desde Bogot a la ciudad de Quito; Eugenio Espejo, Memoria sobre el corte de quinas; Eugenio Espejo, Reflexiones sobre la utilidad, importancia y conveniencias que propone D. Francisco Gil, cirujano del Real Monasterio de San Lorenzo ... acerca de un mtodo seguro para preservar a los pueblos de viruelas; Gualberto Arcos, El doctor Francisco Javier Eugenio de Santa Cruz y Espejo Julio Endara, Caldas y Espejo: el ansia de la sabidura; Julio E. Paredes, Espejo no slo es precursor sino el hombre representativo de la ecuatorianidad; Enrique Garcs, El doctor Eugenio Esgejo [sic]: mdico y duende; Francisco Lpez Baca, Eugenio Espejo contra las enfermedades sociales; Juan Jos Samaniego, El Dr. Espejo y la deontologa mdica; Luis A.

Len, Concepciones bacteriolgicas de Espejo; Virgilio Paredes Borja, Espejo y los mdicos; Sergio Lasso M., Eugenio Espejo: poltico. 5312. Espejo, Eugenio. Reflexiones sobre el contagio y transmisin de las viruelas. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1930. lxiii, 172 p. 5313. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Antecedentes sobre el Hospital de Portoviejo, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1 (primer semestre 1972), 14-21. 5314. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Apuntes para la historia del Hospital Militar, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:2 (dic. 1972), 33-44. 5315. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El Hospital de Guayaquil, 2 ed. corr. y aum. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1972. xiii, 290 p. A detailed history of what is now the Hospital Luis Vernaza from its beginnings in the sixteenth century through the first half of the twentieth. Exceptionally well researched. 5316. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Notas sobre el Hospital de Riobamba, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:6 (dic. 1974), 83-89. 5317. Estrada Ycaza, Julio; and Michael T. Hamerly. Los Bernales del Hospital, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:8 (dic. 1975), 7-25. See also: Informacin sumaria sobre el estado del Hospital de Caridad, 17.XI.1837, transcripcin de Michael T. Hamerly, ibid., p. 26-34, one of the primary sources on which the preceding study is based. 5318. Estrella, Eduardo. Historia de la introduccin de la quina a la teraputica, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1279-1288. 5319. Estrella, Eduardo. Medicina y estructura socio-econmica, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Beln, 1980. 392 p. 5320. Estudios mdicos ecuatorianos raros, importantes y curiosos, edicin, prlogos y notas del doctor Luis A. Len. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1955. 164 p. Supposed to have been vol. 1, but no more were published. Reprints: Abel Victorino Brandn, Clima, costumbres y enfermedades predominantes en Guayaquil y Quito (Lima, 1826); Francisco Mariano de Miranda, Memoria sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Guayaquil (Lima, 1844); and selections from Onffroy de Thoron (see item 7394). 5321. Expediente en que se manda que los facultativos de ciruga, se impongan prcticamente en la anatoma y mecanismo del cuerpo humano, se haga una diseccin a lo menos una vez a la semana [1803], ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 64-75. 5322. La Fiebre amarilla y los mdicos de Guayaquil, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1987. xi, 305 p. A comprehensive collection of materials on the history of yellow fever in the port city and on the coast.

Contents: Julio Estrada Ycaza, Presentacin (p. v-ix); Eduardo Ortega Moreira, Prlogo (p. 1-9); Csar Borja Lavayen, La fiebre amarilla: apuntes sobre la epidemia de 1880 (p. 1181); Csar Borja Lavayen, Geografa mdica de la fiebre amarilla en el Ecuador (p. 83-103); Michael E. Conner, El dominio de la fiebre amarilla en el Ecuador (p. 105-112); Wenceslao Pareja, Noguchi y su obra (p. 113-133); J.A. Falcon Villagmez, Finlay y la medicina americana (p. 135-158); Juan Tanca Marengo, Recopilacin de datos sobre la historia de fiebre amarilla en Guayaquil, Ecuador (p. 159-175); Jos Mascote, Fiebre amarilla [i.e., Memoria sobre la fiebre amarilla que apareci en Guayaquil en 1842] (p. 177-239); J.A. Falcon Villagomez, Noguchi y la fiebre amarilla (p. 241-249); Hideyo Noguchi (p. 251-273); Juan A. Montalvn Cornejo, La fiebre amarilla y su origen en el Ecuador (p. 275-293); and Ernesto Gutirrez Vera, Pasado y presente de la fiebre amarilla en el Ecuador (p. 295-305). 5323. Fierro Benitez, Rodrigo. Las enfermedades por deficiencia de yodo en el siglo XVIII y en el Ecuador actual, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1125-1141. Summarizes evidence on the presence and treatment of iodine deficiency illnesses from the 1700s through the first half of the 1980s. 5324. Fierro Benitez, Rodrigo. Historia de la deficiencia mental endmica en la regin andina, Politcnica (Quito), 8:1 (1983), 7-45. Also published as a separate: Quito: Universidad Central, Facultad de Ciencias Mdicas, 1982. 43 p. 5325. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Fundacin del Hospital de Quito, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:18 (jul./ago. 1923), 135-142. 5326. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. El Hospital de la Santa Caridad y Misericordia de N.S. Jesucristo de Quito. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1924. 23 p. Also published in: Boletn del Hospital Civil San Juan de Dios, 1:1 (1926), 35-51. 5327. Garca O., Manuel. La odontologa en el Ecuador: monografa histrica. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1941. 144 p 5328. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. Guayaquil y su historia, 1740-1987: crnica y reflexiones epidemiolgicas sobre la fiebre amarilla en la ciudad. Guayaquil: V.A. Gonzlez S., 1988. 192 p. 5329. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. Paludismo en el Guayaquil colonial. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Psicolgicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 52 p. Although items 5328 and 5329 do not reflect any original research, they are convenient summaries of the history of yellow fever and of malaria in the port city. 5330. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. La magia en la medicina primitiva del Reino de Quito. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1966. 40 p. 5331. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Shamanismo en el Reino de Quito. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1973. 110 p.

5332. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. Shamanismo y farmacopea en el Reino de Quito. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1971. 28 p. Items 5330-5332 are based on mostly long since superseded studies and published sources, the interpretation of which is skewed by the authors religious bias. He was a Catholic bishop. Nonetheless, they contain some interesting data as well as ideas on medical beliefs and practices of indigenous groups before and after the Spanish conquest. 5333. Hermida Piedra, Csar. Apuntes para la historia de la medicina en el Azuay. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1951. 156 p. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 7:2/3 (abr./sept. 1951), 5-155. See also item 5342. 5334. Hermida Piedra, Csar. Evolucin de los congresos mdicos nacionales. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1965. 19 p. 5335. Hermida Piedra, Csar. Influencias bsicas en la evolucin de la medicina ecuatoriana, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 9-30. 5336. Hermida Piedra, Csar. La medicina en el Azuay: monografa para su historia. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1973. 208 p. Apparently a revised and augmented edition of item 5333. 5337. Hermida Piedra, Csar. Resumen de la historia de la medicina ecuatoriana, 2 ed. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, 1979. 124 p. 5338. Holm, Olaf. Verruga peruana en un ceramico patogrfico ecuatoriano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:12 (dic. 1954), 207-223. 5339. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Guayaquil en 1842: Rocafuerte y la epidemia de fiebre amarilla. Guayaquil: Tall. del Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte, 1947. 250 p. An admirable account of the 1842 epidemic of yellow fever, of its impact on the port city, and local attempts to cope with and to combat the epidemic. Nicely detailed, well researched, solidly documented. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 5340. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Relatos sobre historia guayaquilea: nuestro Hospital de Caridad, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 193-259; 8:18/20 (1950), 105-138; 10:23/24 (1955), 129-185. Also entitled: Historia de nuestro Hospital de Caridad. A solid study of the nineteenth-century Hospital de Caridad, the forerunner to todays Hospital Luis Vernaza. 5341. Instituto Nacional de Higiene Leopoldo Izquieta Prez (Ecuador). 25 aos al servicio de la salud, 1941-1966. Guayaquil: Instituto Nacional de Higiene Leopoldo Izquieta Prez, 1966. 82 p.

5342. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. Aportes para la historia de la medicina. Cuenca: Colegio de Mdicos del Azuay, 1981. 98 p. 5343. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. Historia de la lepra en el Azuay, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 80-95. 5344. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. Hospitales de caridad en Cuenca y su provincia, en la poca de la colonia y comienzos de la repblica, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 96-123. 5345. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. Medicina popular en el Azuay, magia y hechizos, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 166-172. 5346. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. Mtodos de inoculacin de las viruelas en los hospitales, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 134-139. 5347. Len, Luis A. Captulos sobre la medicina en la poca colonial: Ecuador, 15311822, Terapia (Quito), 24 (1974), 7-47. 5348. Len, Luis A. Folklore e historia del bocio endmico en la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1959. 52 p. 5349. Len, Luis A. Historia de la medicina en los anales de las expediciones cientficas a la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1969. 62 p. Outlines the contributions of scientific expeditions and travelers to knowledge of practice of traditional medicine in and medicinal plants of the country. 5350. Len, Luis A. Historia y extincin del cocasmo en el Ecuador: sus resultados, Amrica indgena, 12:1 (ene./mar. 1952), 7-32. 5351. Len, Luis A. Historia y extincin del cocasmo en el Ecuador: sus resultados. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1965. 97 p. 5352. Len, Luis A. Relacin cronolgica del tifus exantemntico en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1951. 122 p. 5353. Len, Luis A.; and Renato Len C. Bosquejo histrico de las dermatolsis ms frecuentes en el Ecuador: desde el siglo XVI al siglo XIX, Revista ecuatoriana de medicina y ciencias biolgicas, 20:1 (ene./jun. 1984), 37-52. 5354. Libro de inventarios que mand hacer el Padre Prior Fray Carlos Azaldegui, que da principio el 1 de enero de 1817, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:5 (jun. 1974), 4588. A primary source for the history of the Hospital of Guayaquil and for the study of the practice of medicine and pharmacology. Transcribed with an introductory note by Julio Estrada Ycaza. 5355. Madera, Luis F. El Hospital de Ibarra. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1954. 87 p. 5356. Madero Moreira, Mauro. Historia de la medicina en la Provincia del Guayas. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1955. 283 p. Based on some archival research and extensive reading.

5357. Malaria y leishmaniasis cutnea en Ecuador: un estudio interdisciplinario: aspectos histricos, epidemiolgicos, antropolgicos, entomolgicos y mtodos de control, compiladores: A[xel] Kroeger [et al.]. Quito: Museo Nacional de Medicina del Ministerio de Salud Pblica: Facultad de Ciencias Mdicas de la Universidad Central, 1991. xvi, 374 p. 5358. Mascote, Jos. Memoria sobre la fiebre amarilla que apareci en Guayaquil el ao 1842. Guayaquil: Impr. de Manuel Ignacio Murillo, 1844. 75 p. An important coeval account of the epidemic of 1842 by a local physician. Reprinted in items 5322 and 5382. 5359. Mio, Carlos A. Historia de la peste bubnica en el Ecuador: factores etiologicos, formas climticas y erradicacin. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. 107 p. 5360. Mio, Reinaldo. Las enfermedades infectocontagiosas en el siglo XVIII y en el Ecuador actual, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1111-1123. A comparative study of outbreaks of infectious diseases in the eighteenth and late-twentieth centuries. Somewhat impressionistic. 5361. Mio Caldern, Anibal. La medicina en el Ecuador antes del descubrimiento de los medicamentos antibiticos, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Caldern, 1995. 177 p. 5362. Miranda, Francisco Mariano de. Memoria sobre la epidemia de fiebre amarilla en Guayaquil. Lima: Impr. de Eusebio Aranda, 1844. 27 p. Also a coeval account of the epidemic of 1842. Reprinted in item 5320. 5363. Montalvn Cornejo, Juan A.; and Julio C. Guerrero A. Evolucin del paludismo en la Provincia de Guayaquil, Anales de la Benemrita Sociedad Mdico Quirrgica del Guayas (1970/71), 99-143. 5364. Muoz Arias, Jos E. Apuntes para la historia de la farmacia en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Rumiahui, 1952. 214 p. 5365. Muoz Arias, Jos E. Farmacopeas antiguas de la Biblioteca Nacional de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 84 p. 5366. Naranjo, Plutarco. La situacin alimentaria en el Ecuador en el siglo XVIII y en la actualidad, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1081-1089. 5367. Newson, Linda A. Highland/Lowland Contrasts in the Impact of Old World Diseases in Early Colonial Ecuador, Social Science & Medicine, 36:9 (May 1993), 1187-1195. 5368. Newson, Linda A. Old World Epidemics in Early Colonial Ecuador, Secret Judgements of God: Old World Disease in Colonial Spanish America, edited by Noble David Cook and W. George Lowell (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), p. 84-112. Items 5367 and 5368 are outstanding analyses by a senior scholar of the Old World diseases that afflicted Ecuador between 1520s and 1618. Especially concerned with problems of chronology, identity, and region specific as well as differential impact of the epidemics in play.

Newson maintains that malaria, not just yellow fever, was a late arrival to the coast and the eastern lowlands. See also Newsons Life and Death in Early Colonial Ecuador (item 5405). 5369. Ontaneda Plit, Max. Eugenio Espejo: mdico, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1173-1183. 5370. Pacheco, Vctor M. El arsenal teraputico a la llegada de la Misin Geodsica francesa y en el Ecuador actual, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1143-1157. 5371. Paredes Borja, Virgilio. La contribucin del Ecuador a la materia mdica: la quina. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947. 24 p. 5372. Paredes Borja, Virgilio. Historia de la medicina en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 2 v. Generally reliable although not well documented. That is to say, Paredes Borja was assiduous in his research, but, unfortunately, he neglected to cite his sources for the most part. 5373. Parks, Lois F.; and Gustave A. Nuermberger. The Sanitation of Guayaquil, Hispanic American Historical Review, 23:2 (May 1943), 197-221. On the eradication of yellow fever in the port city in the 1920s. Also published in Spanish as: El saneamiento de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 159-177. 5374. Peticin de rentas para el Hospital de Santa Catalina (1605), Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:1 (primer semestre 1972), 113-138. An early-seventeenth-century source for the history of the Hospital of Guayaquil. 5375. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El Hospital Real de Santiago de Guayaquil, Cuadernos de Historia y Arqueologa, 5:13/14 (ago. 1955), 66-68. Documents the chronological primacy of the Hospital of Guayaquil (1564) over that of Quito (1565). 5376. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. Breves apuntes para la historia de la medicina y sus progresos en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. y Papelera Sucre, 1915. 74 p. Reflects considerable original research. Reprinted in authors: Leyendas, tradiciones y pginas de historia ... (item 6861), vol. 2, p. 87-135. 5377. Samaniego, Juan Jos. Cronologa mdica ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 562 p. A basic reference work. 5378. Samaniego, Juan Jos. Resumen cronolgico de la historia del Hospital de San Juan de Dios, 1565-1947. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1949. 117 p.

5379. Surez, Jos; and Dolores Lpez. La salud pblica en el siglo XVIII y en nuestros das, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1159-1167. 5380. Tanca Marengo, Juan. Papeles viejos: reminiscencias histricas de la medicina guayaquilea. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1947. 42 p. Regarding Dr. Csar Borja Lavayn (1852-1910), the Gaceta mdica, and other aspects of the history of medicine in the port city. 5381. Tanca Marengo, Juan. Recopilacin de datos sobre la historia de la fiebre amarilla en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Litografa e Impr. La Reforma, 1936. 20 p. Reprinted in item 5322. 5382. Tres grandes figuras del pasado: don Pedro Franco Dvila, doctor Jos Mascote, doctor Csar Borja. Guayaquil: Comisin de Historia de la Medicina, 1952. iv, 100 p. Reprints: Abel Romeo Castillo, Don Pedro Franco Dvila: un sabio guayaquileo olvidado, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 9-57; Pedro Franco Dvila, Instruccin hecha de orden del Rey N.S. para que los virreyes, gobernadores, corregidores, alcaldes mayores e intendentes de provincias en todos los dominios de S.M. puedan hacer escoger, preparar y enviar a Madrid todas las producciones curiosas de naturaleza ... (Madrid, 1776); Jos Mascote, Memoria sobre la fiebre amarilla que apareci en Guayaquil el ao de 1842 (Guayaquil, 1844); and Csar Borja, Geografa mdica de la fiebre amarilla en el Ecuador, Gaceta mdica (Guayaquil), 2:11 (abr. 1895). 5383. Villacs, Manuel Humberto. El Hospital de San Juan de Dios de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito, Revista argentina de historia de la medicina, 2:50 (ene. 1943), 49-59.

POPULATION HISTORY

The pioneering study in population history was Luis Telmo Paz y Mios 1942 La poblacin del Ecuador (item 5419). Although Paz y Mios interpretation of the state and movement of the population of Ecuador and its component provinces from 1780 through 1935 are subject to major revisions, he was the first researcher to demonstrate that primary sources exist for the study of the state and movement of the population of the country and its component regions and provinces, cities and townships, at least for the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. Interestingly enough Pedro Hidalgo Gonzlez had already demonstrated that primary sources existed for the early and middle colonial periods as well, specifically for the port city in his Crecimiento de la poblacin de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano, 1535-1935 (item 5395), but no had expanded on Hidalgo Gonzlezs work until Michael T. Hamerly appeared on the scene. Not that anyone picked up where Paz y Mio left off before Hamerly came along either. The pioneering study in historical demography per se was Hamerlys 1970 La demografa histrica del distrito de Cuenca, 1778-1838 (item 5392). Hamerly, a North American, was the first scholar to demonstrate not only that extant primary sources were much more abundant in time and space, including for the port city and its district--see his Historia social y econmica de

la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, 1763-1842 (item 5976)--than anyone had previously thought, but equally, if not more, importantly he was the first to apply techniques of the Berkeley, French, and English schools of historical demography to Ecuadorian materials. Had there been no Hamerly, either Rosemary D.F. Bromley or Robson Brines Tyrer might just as easily have been the father of modern or social scientific population history in Ecuador. Bromleys and Tyrers studies are pioneering works in their own way too. Bromley, an English woman, was the first scholar to study the state and movement of the population of the central highlands (i.e., of Latacunga, Ambato, and Riobamba, and their districts). She was also the first researcher to bring to bear parish register data. In addition to Bromleys studies on Ecuador (items 5385-5387), see her Parish Registers as a Source in Latin American Demographic and Historical Research, Bulletin of the Society of Latin American Studies, 19 (Jan. 1974), 14-21. Tyrer, a North American, was the first researcher to attempt to establish the size and movement of the indigenous population of Ecuador at large for almost the whole of the colonial period (1561-1825) in his well known doctoral dissertation, The Demographic and Economic History of the Audiencia of Quito, subsequently translated into Spanish and published as Historia demogrfica y econmica de la Audiencia de Quito (item 5427). (Tyrers findings for the early colonial period, however, have been superseded by those of Linda Newson [see item 5405], Javier Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse [items 5407-5411, Karen Vieira Powers [items 54215423], and Martin Volland [item 6062]). Insofar as the southern highlands are concerned, only a few scholars have followed Hamerlys lead. The first was the cuencano Leonardo Espinoza who reexamined the results of the 1778 census (see item 5389) and, as of July 1997, the most recent the French researcher Jacques Poloni (also known as Jacques P. Simard) who exploited the same census in order to analyze the ethnic or racial makeup of the population of Cuenca and its district (item 5420). But only the Argentine Silvia Palomeque appears to have studied the movement of the populations of the modern Provinces of Azuay and Caar after independence. In addition to item 5417, see chapter two of Palomeques 1987 FLACSO thesis Cuenca en el siglo XIX (item 6401). Apparently only Juan Chacn Zhapn, Pedro Soto, and Diego Mora Castro have begun to utilize parish register data in order to establish vital rates and other demographic indexes. See their Historia de la Gobernacin de Cuenca (1777-1820) (item 6341), especially p. 11-14 and tables 1 DM-14 DM (b). Unfortunately, their presentation of the data is crude. Furthermore, Chacn Zhapn, Soto, and Mora Castro do not address the issue of methodologies employed. They are also silent as to the nature of the sources and the difficulties they pose. Therefore Chacn Zhapn, Soto, and Mora Castros analysis as presented is all but worthless. In addition to the works described and discussed below, see also: Suzanne Austin Alchons Native Society and Disease in Colonial Ecuador (item 5300); Mara Luisa Laviana Cuetoss Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII (item 5985); Martin Minchoms The People of Quito, 1690-1810 (item 7041); Karen Vieira Powerss Prendas con pies: migraciones indgenas y supervivencia cultural en la Audiencia de Quito (item 1473); and Martin Vollands Indianische Bevlkerungsgeschichte im Corregimiento Guayaquil (1548-1765) (item 6062). Another important work is Hermes Tovar Pinzn, Jorge Andrs Tovar Mora, and Camilo Ernesto Tovar Moras Convocatoria al poder del nmero: censos y estadstica de la Nueva

Granada, 1750-1830 (Bogot: Archivo General de la Nacin, 1994; 587 p.). See especially pp. 63-101 for the results of the 1778 and 1825 censuses of the Viceroyalty of New Granada and Colombia and pp. 305-373 for the results of the late-colonial and independence period censuses of the Provinces of Popayn and Choc. In this regard it will be recalled that the Viceroyalty of New Granada included the future Ecuador and that the Department of Ecuador was part of Bolvars chimeric creation, Gran Colombia. N.B. This section supplements but does not altogether supersede my La demografa histrica del Ecuador, Per y Bolivia: una bibliografa preliminar (item 91).

5384. Bentez A., Sylvia. Apuntes demogrficos del cacicazgo de Sangolqu: siglo XVI al XVIII, Memoria, MARKA, ao 2, no. 2 (nov. 1991), 59-90. A competent reconstruction of the state and movement of the population of the Cacicazgo of Sangolqu, one of the five pueblos within the alfoz of Quito, from the visita of 1559 through that of 1776. Especially concerned with the questions of forasteros (hidden residents) and out- as well as in-migration. Should be complemented by analysis of the parish registers of Sangolqu, more or less complete from 1632, 1690, and 1738, respectively, according to Bentez herself. 5385. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. Change in the Ethnic Composition of the Population of Central Highland Ecuador, 1778-1841, Current Anthropology, 21:3 (June 1980), 412-414. Analyzes changes in the racial composition of the populations of the districts of Latacunga and Ambato during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. 5386. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. Disasters and Population Change in Central Highland Ecuador, 1778-1825, Social Fabric and Spatial Structure in Colonial Latin America, edited by David J. Robinson (Ann Arbor: Published for Department of Geography, Syracuse University by University Microfilms International, 1979), p. 85-115. Quantifies the differential impact of natural disasters, especially the earthquake of 1797, and manmade disasters, such as the loss of the textile market of Peru to European competition, on the population and economy of Latacunga, Ambato, Riobamba and their districts during the late colonial and independence periods. In addition to the earthquake of 1797 and various epidemics, Bromley finds that the wars of independence also contributed to the decline in population, at least in the towns, an argument she refines in item 5387. Also analyzes ethnic composition and distribution of the population. Based on parish register as well as coeval census data. 5387. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. Urban-Rural Demographic Contrasts in Highland Ecuador: Town Recession in a Period of Catastrophe, 1778-1841, Journal of Historical Geography, 5:3 (July 1979), 281-295. Demonstrates extent to which the towns of Latacunga, Ambato and Riobamba lost population absolutely and relatively in terms of their previous numbers and those of their districts during the late colonial, independence, and early national periods. In play were the continuing economic depression, several epidemics, the earthquake of 1797, that hit the towns particularly hard, civil disorders--especially the wars of independence--and out migration. Also delineates the

differences in the characteristics of the urban and rural populations. Based primarily on analysis of the padrones of 1778-1781 and 1814, and the censuses of 1836-1841. N.B. Items 5385-5387 are drawn from the authors 1977 doctoral dissertation, Urban Growth and Decline in the Central Sierra of Ecuador 1698-1940, University of Wales. 5388. Burgos Guevara, Hugo. La poblacin del Ecuador en la encrucijada de los siglos XVI y XVII, Atti dei XL Congresso internazionale degli americanisti: Roma-Genova, 3-10 settembre 1972, vol. 2 (Genova: Tilgher, 1973), p. 483-487. On the basis of research in the Archivo General de Indias, Burgos corrects the population figures advanced by Angel Rosenblat in La poblacin indgena de Amrica: desde 1492 hasta la actualidad (Buenos Aires: Institucin Cultural Hispnica, 1945; 2 vols.) and other works. Maintains that depopulation was less drastic than originally thought and that much of the nominal decline was the result of resettlement (i.e., the reducciones) and the mita. 5389. Espinoza, Leonardo. En el bicentenario del primer censo de poblacin de la Gobernacin de Cuenca, 1778-1978, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 4 (1982), 9-33. A reassessment of the results of the 1778 padrn of city and governorship of Cuenca. Differs slightly from Hamerlys reading thereof (see item 5392). 5390. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Migraciones internas en el Ecuador, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 6:11 (jun. 1977), 5-26. A review of the flow of migrants during the colonial and national periods, especially from the highlands to the coast. Based largely on data provided by Hamerly. See also item 6588. 5391. Grohs, Waltraud. Los indios del Alto Amazonas del siglo XVI al XVIII: poblaciones y migraciones en la antigua Provincia de Maynas. Bonn: Bonner Amerikanistische Studien, 1974. 133 p. A masters thesis on the demography of the former Province of Mainas, from the initial incursion of Europeans through the expulsion of the Jesuits. A competent rsum and analysis of the state of knowledge as of the early 1970s. Updated in part but not altogether superseded by Taylors more recent study (item 5426). 5392. Hamerly, Michael T. La demografa histrica del distrito de Cuenca, 1778-1838, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 203-229. A solidly researched and annotated survey both of the demographic data per se and of the sources on which the study is based. 5393. Hamerly, Michael T. Demografa y morfologa de Guayaquil, 1756-1814, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 73:155/156 (1990), 157-172. A wholly new study of the growth of the population of Guayaquil and of the city as an entity during the late colonial period, utilizing parish registers--for the first time in the literature on the historical demography of Guayaquil--as well as padrones and coeval enumerations of houses and of pulperas. For Hamerlys original findings on the historical demography of the port city, see item 5976.

5394. Heiman Guzmn, Hanns. Inmigrantes en el Ecuador: un estudio histrico. Quito: Casa Editora Liebmann, 1942. 74 p. A survey of European emigration to and of colonies in Ecuador. Especially strong on the latenineteenth- and early-twentieth-centuries. 5395. Hidalgo Gonzlez, Pedro. Crecimiento de la poblacin de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano, 1535-1935, Boletn municipal de estadstica (Guayaquil), 3:3 (jun. 1935), 1-10. Revised and updated his earlier Crecimiento de la poblacin de Guayaquil y su desarrollo urbano, Revista municipal, Guayaquil, 3a ser., 7:3 (mar. 1932), 113-117. A compendium, but not an analysis, of useful historical data and statistics, some of which appeared there within for the first time, on the growth of the population of the port city during its first four centuries. 5396. Landvar, Manuel Agustn. La mortalidad en Cuenca de 1679 a 1785: epidemias y rogativas, Archivos de historia de la medicina (item 5302), p. 46-75. A preliminary study of epidemics and their impact on the population of the city from the lateseventeenth through the early-nineteenth century. 5397. Larran Barros, Horacio. Demografa y asentamientos indgenas en la sierra norte del Ecuador en el siglo XVI: estudio etnohistrico de las fuentes tempranas, 1525-1600. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 2 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 11-12) Publishes Larran Barross doctoral dissertation: Historical Demography of Northern Highland Ecuador in the 16th Century. 1984. State University of New York at Stony Brook. Although based entirely on secondary studies and published sources as is also item 5398, both are well done and rich in data. 5398. Larran Barros, Horacio; and Cruz Pardo D. Apuntes para un estudio de la poblacin del Corregimiento de Otavalo a fines del siglo XVI, Sarance: revista del Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 4 (jul. 1977), 63-95. Analyzes sixteenth-century demographic data on Otavalo and its district as found in the Relaciones geogrficas de Indias-Per (item 1406). Also published in: Memoria del primer Congreso Ecuatoriano de Arqueologa (item 785), p. 161-197. 5399. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La poblacin del Reino de Quito en la poca de reformismo borbnico: circa 1784, Revista de Indias, 54:200 (ene./abr. 1994), 33-81. A new attempt to establish the magnitude and characteristics of the population of Presidency of Quito during the late colonial period, utilizing the padrones of the 1770s and 1780s, especially those done in and circa 1784. Among the more curious conclusions of Lucena Salmoral is that Cuenca was more populous than Quito. Although this is a correct interpretation of Quito and Cuenca as census units that included rural as well as urban parishes, the opposite held true for the two cities as urbes.

5400. Minchom, Martin. La evolucin demogrfica del Ecuador en el siglo XVII [i.e., XVIII], Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 459-480. A solid overview of the state and movement of the population of the country, especially of the highlands, during the eighteenth and early- nineteenth centuries--the XVII in the title is a typographical error--by one of the principal cultivators of the demography of colonial period. Also published in English as: Demographic Change in Eighteenth-Century Ecuador, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 179-196. 5401. Minchom, Martin. Historia demogrfica de Loja y su provincia desde 1700 hasta finales de la colonia, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 149-169. A pioneering study of the population history of the city and Province of Loja from 1700 through 1825. Based on parish registers--although only of the town--as well as on coeval censuses and other enumerations. 5402. Minchom, Martin. The Making of a White Province: Demographic Movement and Ethnic Transformation in the South of the Audiencia de Quito, 1670-1830, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 12:3/4 (1983), 23-39. Examines the nominally substantial but in reality only partial transformation of the population of Loja from mixed (i.e., Indian, white, and black) to mostly white. 5403. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Apuntes para el estudio de la poblacin del siglo XVI de la Real Audiencia de Quito, Museo Histrico, 56 (1978), 71-87. 5404. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Quito en 1797. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo de la Comunidad, 1991. 64 p. A methodologically unsophisticated study of a heretofore ignored record group, the 1797 lists of communicants of six of the seven urban parishes of the capital--that of Santa Prisca, if compiled, does not appear to have survived. Not analyzed conjointly with coeval parish register or civil census data. See also item 5129. 5405. Newson, Linda A. Life and Death in Early Colonial Ecuador. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1995. xii, 505 p. As of July 1997, the most substantial and sophisticated study on the yet to be wholly resolved questions of how large the native populations of the coast, the highlands, and the Oriente were prior to the Inca and Spanish conquests, and by how much they declined as a direct or indirect consequence thereof. (In so far as the central-south coast is concerned, however, Vollmers Indianische Bevlkerungsgeschichte im Corregimiento Guayaquil (1548-1765) (item 6062) is more detailed.) Includes a detailed discussion of the lands and peoples of pre-Columbian Ecuador on the eve of the conquests. Employs qualitative as well as quantitative analysis. 5406. Numeraciones del repartimiento de Otavalo, compilacin de Juan Freile Granizo; transcripcin paleogrfica de Mara Mardorf de Larran, Nadia Flores de Nez y Juan Freile Granizo. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 2 v. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 17, 18)

A major compendium of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century visitas and revisitas, including that of Viceroy Toledo. Although used by Karen Vieira Powers, apparently not known to, or at least exploited by, Linda A. Newson. 5407. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Extranjeros en la Audiencia de Quito, 1595-1603, Amrica y la Espaa del siglo XVI (Madrid: Instituto Gonzalo Fernndez de Oviedo, 1983), vol. 2, p. 93-113. A novel analysis of foreign-born residents in the early-colonial period. Finds that the majority of the foreign-born were Portuguese and that for the most part they were to be found in Guayaquil. 5408. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. La poblacin ecuatoriana en la poca colonial: cuestiones y clculos, Anuario de estudios americanos, 37 (1980), 235-277. Reassesses the known sources (as of the late 1970s) on native population movements in the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Attempts to demonstrate that whereas the coast and the southern highlands lost inhabitants, the indigenous populations of the northern and central highlands grew. As of 1980, Ortiz de la Tabla was uncertain whether growth resulted from in migration, more accurate enumerations, or favorable fertility schedules. Also critical of Burgos Guevara manipulation of the data and Tyrers depopulation curve (see items 5388 and 5427). 5409. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. La poblacin ecuatoriana en el siglo XVI: fuentes y clculos, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 159-173. Maintains that the sources on which Tyrers account of native population rests do not stand up well to critical analysis, demonstrating that later sources cribbed from earlier ones, and that some sources mixed data of differing dates. Discusses alternative sources for more accurate assessment of the state and movement of the population following the Spanish conquest, noting, however, that Archivo General de Indias lacks encomienda records for the Presidency of Quito. 5410. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. La poblacin indgena del Corregimiento de Riobamba, Ecuador, 1581-1605: la visita y numeracin de Pedro de Len, Historiografa y bibliografa americanistas, 25 (1981), 19-87. Provides a full transcription of the summary of the visita of 1581 for the central highlands. Again disagrees with Tyrers findings, especially latters postulation of an increase in native population (at least through 1605), and suggests a total population/tributary ratio of somewhat less than four to one for the late sixteenth century. 5411. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. La poblacin tributaria del Ecuador colonial, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 447-458. An excellent summary of the increasingly more complete picture of the state and movement of the native population during the early colonial period. By the mid-1980s, enough evidence had been accumulated to demonstrate more or less conclusively that the Indians of the highlands of Ecuador did not experience nearly as drastic a decline as their counterparts in Mexico or neighboring Peru.

Also published in French as: La population tributaire de lEquateur colonial, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 167-178. 5412. Padrn de la Parroqua la Matriz del Cantn Guayaquil en 1832, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 21 (jun. 1986), 35-90. Items 5412, 5415, 5418, and 5428-5434 constitute part of the 1832 set of at least 59 lists of adult male taxpayers, padrones of adult males per se, and catastros of urban and rural parishes of the former Province of Guayaquil, undertaken in compliance with the law of 17 Dec. 1831. The originals are or, at least used to be, in the Archivo Histrico de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil. I do not know if Ezio Garay Arellano, who published these items, transcribed the sources from the original documents or relied on the typewritten transcription thereof, also in, or formerly in, the AH/BMG. Be that as it may, it should be noted that the typed version is not altogether reliable. 5413. Padrn de Santa Brbara en 1768, Museo Histrico, 56 (1978), 93-122. A nominative list of vecinos y moradores of one of the parishes of Quito. 5414. Padrn y apuntamientos de Gualaceo, ordenado por el Gobernador Vallejo, en septiembre de 1778,[versin de] Max Romeo Arzaga, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 27 (abr. 1987), 6-25. Publishes one of the raw returns of the 1778 census of the Governorship of Cuenca, analyzed in items 5389 and 5392. Exemplifies the wealth of data to be found in the Vallejo census. 5415. Padrones de Santa Luca y de Balzar en 1832, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga , 23 (nov. 1986), 65-79. 5416. Pez Tern, Rodrigo. Inmigraciones al Ecuador de 1870 a 1920, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 21 (jun. 1986), 207-210. 5417. Palomeque, Silvia. Ecuador en el siglo XIX: movimientos de la poblacin en la regin de Cuenca, Siglo XIX (Monterrey), 4:7 (ene./jun. 1988), 127-175. A preliminary yet important study of the state and movement of the population of the Provinces of Caar and Azuay in the 1800s. Includes analysis of returns of the 1871 census, but only from one of the three urban parishes of Cuenca (San Sebastin) and two of the rural parishes (Molleturo and San Cristbal). 5418. Parroqua de Santa Clara de Daule: padrones de la ciudad de Guayaquil y Provincia de idem., ao de 1832, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 65-79. 5419. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. La poblacin del Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones del Ministerio de Previsin Social, 1942. 51 p. The pioneering study. Paz y Mio was the first scholar of any nationality to begin to compile and analyze historical demographic data of Ecuador. Methodologically unsophisticated, however. More importantly, not pursued in depth by Paz y Mio, notwithstanding his apparently long standing interest in the topic (see also items 8771 and 8772).

5420. Poloni, Jacques. Mesure du mtissage Cuenca daprs le recensement de 1778, Mlanges de la Casa de Velzquez, 28:2 (1992), 101-122. Analyzes ethnic composition of the city and district of Cuenca, utilizing detailed returns of the 1778 census. Agrees with Hamerly (as argued in item 5392) that mestizos were classified as whites, at least for purposes of enumeration. Advances historical demography of the southern highlands and constitutes a major step towards providing a quantitative base for reconstruction of the region's social history. 5421. Powers, Karen Vieira. Andean Journeys: Migration, Ethnogenesis, and the State in Colonial Quito, 1st ed. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1995. xii, 236 p. Employs qualitative and quantitative analysis to determine why the native population, especially of the northern and central highlands, increased during the late-sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Finds primary cause to have been in migration (intra- as well as interregional) and secondary cause to have been falsification of data by caciques and census takers, especially during the sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries. Does not dispute, therefore, that massive depopulation occurred during the Inca and Spanish conquests and civil wars, but argues that widespread population displacement away from the center and toward marginal areas of the audiencia was responsible in large part for the depopulation of the highlands, especially during the first two thirds of the sixteenth century. Also examines cultural dynamics and socioeconomic implications of migration. Clearly written and well reasoned. An exceptionally important contribution to the demographic, economic, and social history of the highlands. See also Powers separately published dissertation (item 1473). 5422. Powers, Karen Vieira. Indian Migration in the Audiencia of Quito: Crown Manipulation and Local Co-Optation, Migration in Colonial Spanish America, edited by David J. Robinson (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 313-323, 387-390. A working paper on internal migration in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Suggests that heavy labor quotas were largely responsible for out migration. Primarily concerned with manipulation of forasteros by the crown and colonials. 5423. Powers, Karen Vieira. Migracin vertical en la Audiencia de Quito: el caso de los Quijos en el siglo XVI, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:2 (1987), 103-130. A revisionist study of the demographic history of the early colonial period, especially of the role of migration between the sierra and the eastern lowlands, more specifically between the northern and central highlands, especially Quito itself, and Quijos. Based on the authors M.A. thesis. 5424. Senz Andrade, Alvaro; and Diego Palacios. La dimensin demogrfica de la historia ecuatoriana, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 135-174. Apparently the only attempt as of July 1997, to outline the state and movement of the population of Ecuador from the Spanish conquest through the census of 1990. Less than satisfactory, however, inasmuch as the authors are not as well versed in the sources and the literature as they should be. See also Delaunay, Len V., and Portaiss Transicin demogrfica en el Ecuador (item 8716).

5425. Saint-Geours, Yves. La evolucin demogrfica del Ecuador en el siglo XIX, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 481-492. A brief but novel essay on the state and movement of the population in the 1800s. Also published in French as: Levolution dmographique de lEquateur au XIXe sicle, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 197-207. 5426. Taylor, Anne-Christine. La evolucin demogrfica de las poblaciones indgenas de la Alta Amazonia del siglo XVI al XX, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 507-518. A new overview of the state and movement of the autochthonous populations of the Oriente from the 1500s through the 1800s. Also published in French as: Levolution dmographique des populations indignes de la Haute Amazonie, du XVIe au XXe sicle, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 227-240. 5427. Tyrer, Robson Brines. Historia demogrfica y econmica de la Audiencia de Quito: poblacin indgena e industria textil, 1600-1800. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 325 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; 1) Publishes his 1976 doctoral dissertation: The Demographic and Economic History of the Audiencia of Quito: Indian Population and the Textile Industry, 1600-1800. University of California. xii, 493 leaves. The pioneering, now classic, albeit increasingly superseded study of the historical demography of Presidency of Quito at large, especially of the north-central highlands. For assessments and critical reviews of Tyrers work see item 247. 5428. Vecinos de la Parroquia Caracol de la villa de Babahoyo el 17 de diciembre de 1831, [edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 27-31. 5429. Vecinos de la Parroquia de Machala segn el censo de 1832, [edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 55-63. 5430. Vecinos de la Parroquia de Pimocha del 3 de marzo de 1832, [edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 15-23. 5431. Vecinos de la Parroquia de Publoviejo [sic] del Cantn Babahoyo del 17 de diciembre de 1831: antiguo pueblo de San Francisco de la Estrella,[edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 17-23. 5432. Vecinos de la Parroquia de Sabaneta de la villa de Babahoyo el 17 de diciembre de 1832,[edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 2426. 5433. Vecinos de la Parroquia de Santa Rosa de El Oro en 1832, [edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 64. 5434. Vecinos de la villa de Babahoyo en 1o de julio de 1832,[edicin de] Ezio Garay Arellano, Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga, 30 (jul. 1987), 8-14.

5435. Visita y numeracin de los pueblos del Valle de los Chillos, 1551-1559, Cristobal Landzuri N., compilador. Quito: MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1990. 313 p. Early demographic sources often show up in expedientes and traslados that at first glance appear to have little or nothing to do with the state and movement of population. Cases in point are the here within published: Residencia del licenciado Juan de Salazar de Villasante del tiempo que fue corregidor de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito y su partido por el licenciado Hernando de Santilln presidente de la Real Audiencia, segundo legajo (1564-1566), p. 71-265, that contains the inspection and enumeration of 1559, to which is appended the inspection of 1551. Also publishes the: Litigio entre don Juan Zumba cacique del pueblo Uyumbicho y Hernando de la Parra, alcalde ordinario de la ciudad de Quito sobre tierras en Uyumbicho (1565), p. 267-303. 5436. Washburn, Douglas A. La delineacin de regiones por caractersticas demogrficas, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 4 (1982), 34-57. Analyzes characteristics of the population by macro regions and coeval jurisdictions circa 1778, utilizing padrones of the late 1770s and early 1780s.

LAW AND LEGISLATION

There is a very substantial body of literature on the law and legislation of Ecuador, including the history thereof. But there is no need to list here every title of possible interest to the historian, given Juan Larrea Holgns comprehensive Bibliografa jurdica del Ecuador, of which there had been three editions as of July, 1997, each more replete than its predecessor (items 118120). In addition to the guides and indexes to legislation cited below, see J. Enrique Ribadeneira and Luis Cornelio Daz V.s Cien aos de legislacin militar 1830-1930. Quito, Editorial Gutenberg, 1930. 143 p.

5437. Agosin, Manuel R. An Analysis of Ecuadors Industrial Development Law, Journal of Developing Areas, 13:3 (Apr. 1979), 263-273. A case study of the law intended to further the growth of the industrial sector. Although the Ley de Fomento Industrial may have played a role in promoting exports of manufactured products, its effect on overall economic development appears to have been ambiguous. 5438. Andrade B., Miguel Angel. Sinopsis del derecho del trabajo ecuatoriano. Libro I. Sntesis de la trayectoria histrica del derecho del trabajo y naturaleza del contrato de trabajo y sus reformas en la legislacin ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Emporio Grfica de Guayaquil, 1954. 98 p. Only vol. published.

5439. Bahamonde T., Csar O. Clave de la legislacin cantonal del I. Municipio de Quito: desde 1900 hasta 1944. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1945. 93 p. 5440. Baquero de la Calle, Jos Antonio. Desarrollo del derecho social en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1968. 62 p. 5441. Baquero Lpez, Jos Antonio. Cartas polticas, legislacin, reformas sucesivas, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 179-187. Reprinted in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 173-178. 5442. Borja, Luis Felipe. Un opsculo indito: estudio histrico-crtico de la legislacin en el Ecuador en el ao 1901, introduccin de Luis Felipe Borja, hijo. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1923. 43 p. 5443. Borja Prez, Luis Felipe. Influencia del cdigo civil francs en el Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad de Cuenca, 15 (feb. 1935), 73-87. 5444. Borja y Borja, Ramiro. La Constitucin quitea de 1812. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1962. 110 p. 5445. Borja y Borja, Ramiro. Derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1950. 3 v. See also item 5467. 5446. Borja y Borja, Ramiro. Proyecto de reforma de la Constitucin presentada al Congreso. Quito: Ind. Grficas CYMA, 1969. 282 p. 5447. Bossano, Guillermo. Evolucin del derecho constitucional ecuatoriano, 4 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1985. 386 p. 5448. Bustamante, Francisco. Cortas reflexiones sobre el juramento de obediencia a la Constitucin dada en Quito en 1843. Quito, 1843. 73 p. 5449. Cabezas Borja, Reinaldo. Apuntes de derecho penal: introduccin para un estudio crtico del Cdigo penal ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1918. viii, 176, iii p. 5450. Calle Saavedra, Eduardo; and Letty Chang Loqui. Estudio de la legislacin de desarrollo urbano del Cantn Guayaquil, 1976-1982, 2 ed. Guayaquil: INDECA, 1982. 2 v. 5451. Casares, Carlos. Instituciones del derecho civil ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de Manuel V. Flor, por J. Mora, 1873-1886. 2 v. Vol. 2: Impr. del Clero. 5452. Cevallos Arzaga, Benjamn. Historia del derecho civil ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1963-1969. 3 v. Vol. 3: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana. 5453. Cisneros Cisneros, Csar. El derecho social en el Ecuador, Previsin social, 22 (sept. 1948/ene. 1949), 11-24.

5454. La Constitucin de 1978 y el proceso de reestructuracin jurdica del Estado, 19761978: recopilacin-sistematizacin e indice, por Luis Orleans Calle Vargas. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Jurdicas, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales y Polticas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1978. 233 p. 5455. Crdova, Andrs F. Derecho civil ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 2 v. 5456. Crdova, Andrs F. Derecho procesal penal ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1953. 2 v. 5457. Cuenca (Ecuador). Ordenanza para el control y administracin del Centro Histrico de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Municipio de Cuenca, 1983. 24 p. 5458. Cuenca (Ecuador). Recopilacin de acuerdos y ordenanzas de la Municipalidad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Impreso por M. Vintimilla C., 1905. 224 p. 5459. Chinchilla, Laura; and David W. Schodt. The Administration of Justice in Ecuador. San Jos: Centro para la Administracin de Justicia; Miami: Florida International University, 1993. 98 p. A critical assessment of the administration of justice, especially of criminal justice, as of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Examines the historical as well as current administrative, legal, and socio-political dimensions of the system. 5460. Daz V., Luis Cornelio. Cien aos de legislacin militar. Quito: Edit. Gutenberg, 1930. 143 p. A guide to military legislation enacted between 1830 and 1930. 5461. Echeverra Gavilanes, Enrique. La legislacin 1906-1980, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2255), p. 293-336. A solid, well organized review. A good introduction to legistlation of the first two thirds or thereabouts of the 1900s. 5462. Ecuador. Anuario de legislacin ecuatoriana: correspondiente al ao ... 1901-1933. Quito: Archivo del Poder Legislativo, 1902-1941. 44 v. 5463. Ecuador. Cdigos y leyes de la Repblica del Ecuador, edicin dirigida por Juan Larrea Holgun con la colaboracin de Ramn Eduardo B. [y] Francisco Jordana B. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1967-1974. 6 v. 5464. Ecuador. Coleccin de leyes, decretos, ordenanzas, resoluciones y contratos. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sociedad Filantrpica del Guayas, 1906. 667 p. Laws and executive decrees pertaining to municipalities in general and to that of Guayaquil in particular. Compiled by Eduardo San Miguel. 5465. Ecuador. Constitucin poltica de la Repblica del Ecuador: la amnistia, el juicio poltico y la interpretacin en la historia constitucional ecuatoriana. Quito: Sociedad de Estudios Forenses, 1986. vii, 82 p.

Regarding the 1978 Constitucin poltica. 5466. Ecuador. Constituciones de la Repblica del Ecuador, [compilador] Federico Trabuco. Quito: Universidad Central, 1975. 521 p. 5467. Ecuador. Las constituciones del Ecuador, [recopilacin y estudio preliminar de] Ramiro Borja y Borja. Madrid: Ediciones Cultura Hispnica, 1951. clxxxiii, 699 p. A basic reference work. See also item 5445. 5468. Ecuador. Legal Aspects of Doing Business in Ecuador, 2d ed. Quito: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1989. iii, 39 p. 5469. Ecuador. Legislacin electoral ecuatoriana, [edicin de] Agustn Grijalva y Jorge Ortega. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Tribunal Supremo Electoral, 1990. 291 p. (Elecciones y democracia en el Ecuador; 3) A basic compendium of electoral law between 1830 and 1990. Also analyzes electoral practice. See also items 2876 and 2896. 5470. Ecuador. Legislacin indigenista del Ecuador, recopilacin de Alfredo Rubio Orbe; prlogo de Gonzalo Rubio Orbe. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, 1954. 135 p. Covers the years 1828 through 1950. 5471. Ecuador. Primer rejistro autntico nacional de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de Gobierno, por J. Campuzano, 1840-1841. 2 v. Que contiene las leyes, decretos i resoluciones lejislativas; los decretos, reglamentos i circulares del poder ejecutivo. The first compendium of national legislation published. 5472. Ecuador. Recopilacin de leyes del Ecuador, por Aurelio Noboa. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1898-1903. 4 v. Vol. 2: Guayaquil: Impr. del Telgrafo; vol. 3-4: Guayaquil: Impr. de A. Noboa. A basic compendium of legislation of the 1800s. 5473. Ecuador. Recopilacin de leyes del Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1968-1974. 10 v. 5474. Egez, Jorge Humberto. La evolucin del derecho en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1918. 48 p. 5475. Fernndez Salvador, Jos. El primer proyecto del cdigo civil ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 2:4 (ene./feb. 1919), 71-121. 5476. Freire V., Telmo. Evolucin de la legislacin del trabajo en el Ecuador, Previsin social, 12 (ene./abr. 1943), 116-133. 5477. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. Teora y praxis del derecho poltico y constitucional ecuatoriano. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1987. 202 p.

5478. Gonzlez, Ral A. El sufragio en el Ecuador, Anales de la Universidad Central, nueva ser., 2:23/25 (ago./oct. 1914), 301-305; 2:26/27 (nov./dic. 1914), 340-347. 5479. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, decretos, acuerdos, circulares, ordenanzas, resoluciones, reglamentos y contratos concernientes a esta municipalidad y correspondientes al ao de 1907. Guayaquil: Tip. Gutenberg, 1908. 305, 10 p. 5480. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, decretos, mensajes, acuerdos, circulares, ordenanzas, resoluciones, reglamentos y contratos concernientes a esta Municipalidad y correspondientes al ao de 1908. Guayaquil: Tip. Gutenberg, 1909. 439, xiv p. This and the preceding items were compiled by Pedro Miller y Gutirrez. 5481. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, decretos, ordenanzas, resoluciones y contratos, concernientes a esta Municipalidad y correspondientes al ao de 1920, formulada por el Secretario Municipal. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1921. 329, xi p. Compiled by Sergo E. Alcvar. 5482. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, decretos, ordenanzas, resoluciones y contratos de la Municipalidad de Guayaquil en 1917. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1918. 337 p. Compiled by Carlos A. Arroyo del Ro. 5483. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, ordenanzas, resoluciones y contratos. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Sociedad Filantrpica, 1898. 273 p. Compiled by Luis D. Bravo. 5484. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Coleccin de leyes, ordenanzas y contratos. Guayaquil: Impr. Americana, 1890. 588 p. 5485. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Indice de las ordenanzas vigentes de la Municipalidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1953. 23, viii p. 5486. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Indice de los reglamentos vigentes de la Municipalidad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1954. 12 p. 5487. Guayaquil (Ecuador: Cantn). Rgimen urbanstico municipal del Cantn Guayaquil: ao 1940-julio 1986, Letty Chang Loqui [recopiladora] Guayaquil: Impr. Gutirrez, [1986?]. 432 p. 5488. Guzmn Lara, Anbal. Diccionario explicativo del derecho civil ecuatoriano, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Jurdica del Ecuador, 1992-. <1> v. 5489. Guzmn Lara, Anbal. Diccionario explicativo del derecho del trabajo en el Ecuador. Ibarra: [s.n.], 1958. 291 p. 5490. Izquierdo Muoz, Homero. Derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1980. 260 p. Apparently only vol. 1 was published.

5491. Jcome Moscoso, Rodrigo. Derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1931. 603 p. 5492. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Algo acerca de la legislacin social ecuatoriana, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 3:8 (ene./jun. 1949), 21-36. An overview of social legislation from colonial times through the 1940s. 5493. Jaramillo Prez, Luis. Breves acotaciones a las Constituciones de la Repblica relacionadas con el derecho laboral, Anales de la Universidad Central, 81:335/336 (ene./jun. 1953), 145-168. 5494. Jaramillo Prez, Luis. Precedentes y medio en el que se dicata el Cdigo de trabajo ecuatoriano de 1938, Revista Idtis, 4 (jul./dic. 1962), 290-302. 5495. Larrea Holgun, Juan. 25 aos de legislacin ecuatoriana, 1945-1970. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1972. 359 p. 5496. Larrea Holgun, Juan. 145 aos de legislacin ecuatoriana, 1830-1975. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1977. 2 v. A diachronic index of retrospective as well as current legislation. Does not supersede Serrano (item 5519) and Yepez (item 5529) altogether, however. See also item 5498. 5497. Larrea Holgun, Juan. Derecho civil del Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1965-1970. 6 v. 5498. Larrea Holgun, Juan. Indice de la legislacin ecuatoriana, 1822-1985. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1986. 4 v. Expands and updates item 5496. 5499. Medina Castro, Manuel. A los 50 aos de la Constitucin liberal del 906, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 75-89. 5500. Ojeda Segovia, Lautaro. Evolucin histrica de la proteccin de menores en el Ecuador, Planificacin (Quito), 24 (oct. 1986), 112-128. 5501. Pez, J. Roberto. Ojeada sobre el desarrollo de la legislacin obrera ecuatoriana, Revista de la Sociedad Estudios Jurdicos, 8:71 (abr./mayo 1926), 153-173. 5502. Pez Olmedo, Sergio. Gnesis y evolucin del derecho penal ecuatoriano. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1984. 178 p. 5503. Prez Borja, Francisco. Apuntes para el estudio de Cdigo penal. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1927-1930. 3 v. 5504. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Las constituciones del Ecuador, Revista de la Sociedad Estudios Jurdicos, 8:81/82 (jun./dic. 1926), 432-472. 5505. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. Fundamentos del derecho civil ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1940. xvi, 409 p.

5506. Prez Guerrero, Alfredo. La sucesin por causa de muerte, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1956. 2 v. 5507. Ponce Martnez, Alejandro. La tirana constitucional. Quito: IUS, 1981. 184 p. 5508. Quito (Audiencia). Cuerpo de leyes dadas por el Presidente de la Real Audiencia de Quito Toribio Montes, ARNAHIS, 13:19 (marzo 1973), 163-180. 5509. Quito (Audiencia). Ordenanzas de la Real Audiencia de Quito. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1978. 203 p. Publishes for the first time the ordinances of the Audiencia of Quito (1563), p. [15]-65. Transcribed by Juan Freile Granizo. 5510. Quito (Audiencia). Ordenanzas reales de la Audiencia de Quito, 4 de octubre de 1563. Quito: Municipalidad de Quito: Xerox del Ecuador, 1982. 102 leaves. Apparently a photofacsimile edition of the manuscript original. 5511. Reig Satorrres, Jos. Precedentes a las Ordenanzas de 1563, Ordenanzas de la Real Audiencia de Quito (Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1978), p. [67]-203. 5512. Riofro Villagmez, Eduardo. Estudios de derecho financiero. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio del Tesoro, 1949. 506 p. 5513. Rivadeneira, Enrique; and Luis Cornelio Daz. Cien aos de legislacin militar, 18301930. Quito: Edit. Gutenberg, 1930. 143 p. A guide to military legislation and regulations. 5514. Romero Barberis, Nicols. Clasificacin alfabtica y numrica de ordenanzas y reglamentos municipales, 1900-1978. Quito: Municipalidad de Quito, 1980. iv, 396 p. 5515. Romero Menndez, Hctor. Nuestra legislacin del trabajo: (su historia y sus principios generales), Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1:2 (jun. 1930), 175-236. 5516. Sacoto Castro, Humberto. Indice de algunas leyes, decretos, reglamentos, estatutos y reformas publicados en el Registro Oficial desde el mes de julio de 1925 hasta el ao de 1959. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. de la Universidad, 1962. 268 p. 5517. Salgado, Gustavo. La vida del derecho en el antiguo Reino de Quito Anales de la Universidad Central, 71:319/320 (jul./dic. 1943), 83-178. 5518. Sarmiento, Alberto. Diccionario jurdico ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1950. 294 p. 5519. Serrano, Adolfo Benjamn. Indice de un ensayo de recopilacin de la legislacin ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Tip. Guayaquil, 1899. xxxvii, 152 p. Although not the earliest attempt to index legislation of the national period--it was the second-this is the first important guide thereto. The earliest guide was Francisco Andrade Marns Clave de la legislacin ecuatoriana (Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1894), but it was not nearly as comprehensive (vii, 55 p.) as Serranos. Continued by Yepez (item 5529). Serrano and Yepez

are still useful thematic as well as diachronic guides; neither has been altogether superseded by Larreas more recent indexes (items 5496 and 5498). 5520. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Desarrollo constitucional de la Repblica del Ecuador, 2 ed. aum. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1936. 95 p. 5521. Tobar Donoso, Julio; and Juan Larrea Holgun. Derecho constitucional ecuatoriano. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1980. 493 p. 5522. Troya Jaramillo, Jos Vicente. La legalidad de la deuda externa: una reflexin jurdica del problema, 1 ed. Quito: Grupo de Trabajo sobre Deuda Externa y Desarrollo, FONDAD, 1991. 71 p. 5523. Vaca del Pozo, Telmo N. El periodismo y las leyes de imprenta. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1941. 186 p. Also published in: Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 11:3 (set./dic. 1940), 479-657. 5524. Valencia Haro, Hugo. Legislacin ecuatoriana del trabajo. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1979. 549 p. 5525. Vela, Jorge O.; and Juan Larrea Holgun. A Statement of the Laws of Ecuador in Matters Affecting Business, 3rd ed., rev. and enlg. Washington, D.C.: Organization of American States, 1975. xiii, 285 p. Broader in coverage than the title implies. A useful albeit somewhat dated introduction to the legal system of Ecuador for English readers. 5526. Velasco Ibarra, Jos Mara. La Constitucin ecuatoriana de 1869, Revista de la Sociedad Estudios Jurdicos, 2:16/17 (ene./feb. 1921), 1-40. 5527. Villacrs, Lautaro. La prensa y la libertad de expresin en las constituciones ecuatorianas, Anales de la Universidad Central, 82:337 (ene. 1954), 71-110. 5528. Wray Espinosa, Alberto. El sistema jurdico ecuatoriano, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 13, p. 169-212. A useful overview. Includes an attempt to establish the periodicization of the history of judicial thought in Ecuador. 5529. Yepez, Manuel A. Clave de la legislacin ecuatoriana, 1899-1921. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1922. xxxvi, 307 p. Continues Serrano (item 5519). May have appeared in two vols., but I have only seen one. 5530. Zambrano, Miguel Angel. Breve historia del cdigo del trabajo ecuatoriano de 1938: su gnesis, elaboracin y expedicin, Revista del Instituto de Derecho del Trabajo y de Investigaciones Sociales, 4 (jul./dic. 1962), 290-303. Also available in reprint: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 5531. Zevallos Reyre, Francisco. Lecciones de derecho constitucional, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1947. 446 p.

5532. Ziga, Neptal. La obra jurdica del Ecuador en Hispanoamrica en el siglo XIX, Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 27:1/2 (ene./jun. 1971), 223-232.

BOUNDARY DISPUTES

Although Ecuadorians have been quite scholarly in defense of their territorial rights to the Oriente, they have not been nearly as copious as Peruvians in the publication of the corresponding documentation, for the particulars of which see: Jorge Basadre, Introduccin a las bases documentales para la historia de la Repblica del Per con algunas reflexiones (Lima: Ediciones P.L. Villanueva, 1961 [3 v.]); Alejandro San Martn Caro and Rafael Caro, Relaciones peruano-ecuatorianas: gua bibliogrfica (item 182); and vol. 1 of Juan Miguel Bkulas Per y Ecuador (item 15). Nor have Ecuadorians paid nearly as much attention to their boundary differences with Colombia. A full bibliography of publications on the Ecuador-Peru question would be nearly as long, if not longer, than this Bibliografa histrica. Although I have endeavored to include every significant publication, undoubtedly some that should have been included, have not and others that could have been excluded, appear. At best therefore the following list should be considered a representative sample. For a more complete listing, consult the above mentioned works of Basadre, San Martn Caro and Caro, and especially Bkula. Bryce Wood also reviews much of the literature on the Ecuador-Peru dispute in item 5723. Regardless of the polemical, emotionally charged nature of much of the literature, even those studies lacking in historicity are important because of their role in the making of the two nationstates and their respective national ideologies. Furthermore, the controversy has generated the publication of several major compendia of primary sources that include a variety of materials for the reconstruction of the history of the central-south coast as well as of the Oriente. The renewal of hostilities between Ecuador and Peru in 1981 (the Paquisha incident) generated new literature, some of which is represented below, as did also that of the fighting in the Cepeda Basin in early 1995. The literature on the 1995 outbreak of hostilities between the two countries and that on the apparent resolution of the then 170-year-old conflict in 1998, fall outside the chronological parameters of this bibliography, however.

5533. Acevedo, Alain de. Le conflit entre lEquateur et le Perou et ses posibilits de rglement pacifique. 1950. 200 leaves. Thse pour le doctorat en droit presente et soutenue le 27 mai 1950 a la Facult de droit de Paris. 5534. Aloma Llori, Antonio. La defensa del Oriente ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1935. 514 p. 5535. Alvarado, Rafael. Demarcacin de fronteras. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1942. 51 p.

5536. Alvarado, Rafael. La elocuencia de las cifras en el problema territorial ecuatorianoperuano: (contribucin al estudio de la geografa de Amrica). Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1941. 40 p. 5537. Alvarado, Rafael. Memorandum sobre el problema fronterizo entre el Ecuador y el Per en el sector Lagartococha-Gep. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1948. 74 p. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad Central, 76:327 (ene./dic. 1948), 5-61. 5538. Alvarado, Rafael. El Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro: lo que garantizaron las potencias grandes. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 82 p. 5539. Alvarado Garaicoa, Teodoro. La demarcacin territorial ecuatoriana a travs de cdulas reales, protocolos y tratados. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1959. 33 p. 5540. Alvarado Garaicoa, Teodoro. Sinpsis del derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Edit. Cervantes, 1952. 396 p. 5541. Alvarez Arteta, Segundo. La cuestin de lmites entre las Repblicas del Ecuador y el Per: apuntes y documentos. Sevilla: Escuela Tip. y Librera Salesianas, 1901. xvii, 558 p. A well documented study by an Ecuadorian priest who examines developments of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 5542. Andrade S., Francisco. Lmites entre Colombia y Ecuador, Boletn de historia y antigedades (Bogot), 48:557/558 (mar./abr. 1961), 201-218. Somewhat superficial. 5543. Angulo Puente Arnao, Juan. Nuestros lmites con la Repblica del Ecuador. Lima: e Impr. Badiola y Berro, 1905. 110 p. 5544. Angulo Puente Arnao, Juan. Historia de los lmites del Per, 3 ed. Lima: Impr. de la Intendencia General de Guerra, 1927. 312, xv p. 5545. Araujo Arana, Humberto. Antecedentes y choques fronterizos y ocupacin peruana de territorio ecuatoriano en 1941-1942: con documentacin del Per, 1941-42 y del Ecuador, 1939-41, 1 ed. Lima: Edit. Thesis, 1963-1969. 3 v. 5546. Arroyo Delgado, Enrique. Las negociaciones limtrofes ecuatoriano-peruanas en Washington, 1936-1938. Quito: Edit. de El Comercio, 1939. 244 p. 5547. Avery, William P. Origins and Consequences of the Border Dispute Between Ecuador and Peru, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 38:1(Summer 1984), 65-77. 5548. Barrera Valverde, Alfonso. Hombres de paz en lucha. Quito: Ediciones y Distribuciones J.L.I., [1982]. 2 v. Contents: t. 1. El Ecuador ante la agresin peruana de 1981; t. 2. Documentos. 5549. Basadre, Modesto. Refutacin documentada del folleto titulado Cuestin de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per, publicado en Santiago de Chile por P.M. Lima: Aurelio Alfaro y Ca, 1860. iii, 226 p.

Refutes Pedro Moncayos Cuestin de lmites (item 5627). See also: Aun las cuestiones de lmites del Ecuador, o, Sea Pedro Moncayo y su nuevo folleto, sus absurdos y su mala f, por E.P. Lima: Tipo. de Aurelio Alfaro, 1862. 58 p. 5550. Becerra G., Lzaro G. Las prdidas territoriales que el Ecuador ha sufrido a travs de su historia, Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 164-172. 5551. Belaunde, Vctor Andrs. La vida internacional del Per. Lima: Impr. Torres Aguirre, 1942. xxxi, 468 p. Only T. 1, Relaciones con el Ecuador; La Constitucin inicial del Per ante el derecho internacional was published. Also available in a photofacsimile reprint: Lima: Edit. Universitaria, 1981. A scholarly, relatively dispassionate statement of Perus case. 5552. Borja, Rafael. El descalabro del 41 y Paquisha del 81: visin de un periodista, 3 ed. aum. Quito: Editorial Universitaria, 1981. 350 p. Originally published as: El descalabro del 41: (visin de un periodista). Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1971. 244 p. 5553. Borrero, Manuel Mara. Un centenario que lacera nuestra angustia. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1961. 336 p. 5554. Burbano, Csar. Breve estudio histrico de los lmites entre el Ecuador y Colombia. Tulcn: Tip. La Cospolitana, 1916. 115 p. 5555. Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel. Aspectos histricos y jurdicos de la cuestin limtrofe. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1944. 252 p. 5556. Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel. Aspectos histricos y jurdicos de la cuestin limtrofe: la nulidad del Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro, Anales de la Universidad Central, 92:347 (1963), 139162. 5557. Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel. Aspectos histricos y jurdicos de la cuestin limtrofe: las negociaciones en Washington y los desenvolvimientos posteriores. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1956. 151 p. 5558. Canalejas y Mndez, Jos. Lmites entre las Repblicas del Ecuador y del Per. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico Sucesores de Rivadeneira, 1905. 73 p. 5559. Carlier Castro, Alberto. Paquisha es nuestro: sntesis histrica de lmites del Ecuador con el Per, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 23 p. 5560. Coral, Luciano. Conflicto internacional entre el Ecuador y el Per. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1894. 388 p. Regarding the 1893-1894 flare-up between Ecuador and Peru. 5561. Cornejo M., Pedro. La defensa peruana, o sea, Examen de los argumentos que el Per ha presentado ante S.M.C. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, 1909. iii, 140 p.

5562. Cornejo M., Pedro. El Ecuador y el Per, o sea, Algo acerca de los lmites que deben separar a estas repblicas. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1905. iv, 153 p. 5563. Cornejo M., Pedro. Examen crtico de la cdula de 1802. Quito: Impr. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1906. 93 p. 5564. Crespo Ordez, Roberto. El descubrimiento del Amazonas y los derechos territoriales del Ecuador: conferencia. Cuenca: Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 55 p. 5565. Crespo Toral, Remigio. El divorcio de Colombia: aspectos de ltima hora. Cuenca: Tip. de la Universidad, 1933. xi, 120 p. 5566. Crisis y fronteras: relaciones fronterizas binacionales de Colombia con Venezuela y Ecuador, Cristina Barrera, compiladora, 1 ed. Bogot: Ediciones Uniandes, 1989. 439 p. 5567. Chacn, Luis Antonio. Apuntaciones para el estudio de lmites del Ecuador con el Per. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Telgrafo, 1905. v, 181 p. 5568. Chvez Franco, Modesto. Cartilla patria: eptome de historia y geografa referentes a las fronteras entre Ecuador y Per de 1531 a 1921. Quito: Impr. de El Da, 1922. 238 p. Used as an official text for many years. An important source for understanding Ecuadorian attitudes towards Peruvians, especially of Ecuadorians who attended school in the 1920s and 1930s. 5569. Chiriboga Ordez, Leonardo. Pudo el Ecuador ser agresor en 1941? Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1952. 102 p. 5570. De la Barra, Felipe. El conflicto peruano-ecuatoriano y la victoriosa campaa de 1941 en las fronteras de Zarumilla y Nor Oriente. Lima: Centro de Estudios Histrico-Militares del Per, 1969. 122 p. 5571. De la Barra, Felipe. Tumbes, Jan y Maynas: estudio integral de la controversia limtrofe peruano-ecuatoriana hasta el Pacto de Ro de Janeiro y su renuncia por el pas del norte, con sinopsis histrica de las operaciones militares en 1941, y conteniendo tres mapas. Lima: Centro de Estudios Histrico-Militares del Per, 1961. x, 99 p. 5572. Delgado, Luis Humberto. Las guerras del Per: campaa del Ecuador: batalla del Zarumilla. Lima: Torres Aguirre, 1944. 70 p. 5573. Delgado, Luis Humberto. Las guerras del Per: campaa del Ecuador: grandeza y miseria de la victoria. Lima: Torres Aguirre, 1944. 266 p. 5574. Delgado, Luis Humberto. Nuestra situacin internacional, Ecuador. Lima: Latino Amrica Editores, 1941. 75 p. 5575. Delgado Jara, Diego. Problema territorial: oligarqua y pueblo. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1985. 306 p. 5576. Destruge, Camilo. Ecuador-Per, dos centenarios: combate de Malpelo, agresin a Guayaquil, la defensa de la ciudad, relaciones histricas. Guayaquil: Impr. La Opinin Pblica, 1928. iv, 53 p.

5577. Destruge, Camilo. El Ecuador y el Per en su cuestin de lmites. Guayaquil: Tip. Guayaquil, 1899. 80, xxvi p. 5578. Dictmenes jurdicos acerca del problema ecuatoriano-peruano dados por ilustres internacionalistas americanos, Julio Tobar Donoso [et al.]. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Departamento de Prensa y Publicaciones, 1942. 2 v. 5579. Documentos encontrados ltimamente en el archivo oficial de la sub-prefectura de Moyobamba, que acreditan la posesin del Per sobre los territorios de Quijos y Canelo: y que forman el complemento de los publicados anteriormente. Lima: Est. Tip. de A. Alfaro y Ca., 1860. 112 p. 5580. Ecuador. Litigio de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per. Madrid: Est. Tip. de el Liberal, 1909-1910. 2 v. See also items 5710-5714. 5581. Ecuador. Tratados de lmites de la Repblica del Ecuador, [recopilados por] Federico E. Trabuco. Quito: Edit. Olmedo, 1968. 129 p. Also: 3 ed., corr. y aum. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1976. 210 p. 5582. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Arreglo de lmites entre las Repblicas del Ecuador y Colombia: documentos oficiales. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales por L. Barba V., 1920. 81, iii p. 5583. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Correspondencia diplomtica sobre la cuestin de lmites con el Per desde el 23 de agosto de 1902 hasta octubre de 1903. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1903. 180 p. 5584. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Cuestin de lmites con el Per: documentos relativos al litigio sometido al fallo de Alfonso XIII. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1910. 100 p. 5585. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Las negociaciones ecuatorianoperuanas en Washington: setiembre1936-julio 1937, edicin reservada. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1937. 2 v. N.B. Vol. 2 continues coverage through Oct. 1938. 5586. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. La posicin del Ecuador en el conflicto colombo-peruano, por Manuel C. de Vaca, consultor jurdico de la Cancillera. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934. 227 p. 5587. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Problema territorial ecuatorianoperuano: exposicin del Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores del Ecuador a las cancilleras de Amrica. Quito: El Ministerio, 1941. 77 p. 5588. Ecuador. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. El Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro de 1942 es nulo: de acuerdo con el sistema jurdico interamericano y con el derecho internacional. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 108 p.

5589. Ecuador. Ministerio del Interior y Relaciones Exteriores. Cuestin de lmites: documentos diplomticos concernientes al proyecto tripartito sobre delimitacin de fronteras entre Colombia, El Ecuador, y el Per. Quito, 1896. 81 p. 5590. Ecuador-Per: pginas de historia por la redaccin de El Telgrafo. Guayaquil: El Telgrafo, 1910. 77 p. 5591. Ecuador y sus derechos amaznicos, Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra [et al.]. Bogot: Publicaciones Claridad para Amrica Latina, 1961. 72 p. 5592. Ecuatoriano. Contestacin de un ecuatoriano al artculo inserto en el Comercio de Lima, no. 826, intitulado Per y Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de Gobierno por J. Campuzano, 1842. 39 p. Also: Guayaquil: Impr. de M.I. Murillo, 1842. 47 p. Apparently this item initiated the polemic, at least in print, regarding the boundary between Ecuador and Peru. Published in response to what was apparently the first publication of the royal cedula of 1802 in El Comercio of Lima of 3 Mar. 1842. 5593. Egas, Jos Mara. El principio del uti possidetis americano y nuestro litigio de fronteras con el Per. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, [1927?]. 149 p. 5594. Escudero, Gonzalo. Justicia para el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 279 p. A passionate review of Ecuadors attempts to recoup the territory it lost in 1941. The author was a career diplomat. 5595. Exposiciones ante S.M.C. don Alfonso XIII en la demanda de la Repblica del Ecuador contra la del Per sobre los lmites territoriales: dictmenes en derecho, Jos Canalejas y Mndez [et al.]. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1906. 2 v. 5596. Flores, Pastoriza. History of the Boundary Dispute between Ecuador and Peru. 1921. 89 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. The first doctoral dissertation presented in the United States on an Ecuadorian topic. See also Victor R. Edmans 1933 Clark College Ph.D. thesis, The Boundary Controversy between Ecuador and Peru. 5597. Galarza Izquierdo, Luis. El paquishazo poltico de las burguesas ecuatorianoperuana y las maniobras del populismo ilustrado : la mano negra del imperialismo en la Cordillera del Condor, 1 ed. Quito: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, [Universidad Central del Ecuador], 1984. 221 p. 5598. Gallegos B., Luis Gerardo. Defendiendo a la patria. Riobamba: Edit. Siembra, 1945. 192 p. Anti Arroyo del Ro. 5599. Glvez, Juan Ignacio. Conflictos internacionales, 3 ed., corr. y aum. Santiago de Chile: Sociedad Imprenta-Litografa Universo, 1919. 246 p.

Also published in English as: International Conflicts: Peru against Colombia, Ecuador and Chile. Santiago de Chile: Sociedad Imprenta y Litografa Universo, 1920. 247 p. 5600. Garca Velasco, Rafael. El problema territorial ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 40 p. 5601. Garca Velasco, Rafael. El territorio del Ecuador en el siglo XX, El Ecuador en el siglo XX (item 2255), p. 119-210. Also published as a separate: Quito: Edit. Publitcnica, 1981. 208 p. 5602. Garca Velasco, Rafael. El Tratado de 1.829: ley suprema de la controversia limtrofe entre Ecuador y Per. Quito: Unin Interamericana de Periodistas para la XI Conferencia de Quito, 1961. 32 p. 5603. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Estudio histrico sobre la cdula del 15 de julio de 1802, 2 ed. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1913. x, 51 p. 5604. Gutarra Marav, Eleazar. La Cordillera del Condor: un desafo geopoltico, 2 ed., corr. y aum. Lima: Tall. Grf. de la IMG, 1984. 194 p. 5605. Hacia una nueva conciencia americana: estudios jurdicos. Quito: Unin Interamericana de Periodistas, 1961. 87 p. Contents: J.I. Lovato V., El Protocolo de Ro es un obstculo para mantener la justicia en Amrica; A. Vsquez Carrizosa, Los derechos del Ecuador y el Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro; Nulidad del Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro, de 1942, a la luz del derecho internacional europeo y de los principios del sistema juridco interamericano; I. Rodrguez Guerrero, Impracticabilidad del Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro de 1942 y sus consecuencias jurdicas; G. Ariosto Fernndez, Es nulo el Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro? 5606. Herrera, Pablo. Alegato del Gobierno del Ecuador ante Su Majestad. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1892. xxxix p. The separately printed prologue to item 5712. At head of title: Lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per. 5607. Herrera, Pablo. Observaciones sobre el tratado de 15 de enero celebrado en Guayaquil entre los plenipotenciarios de los generales Ramn Castilla y Guillermo Franco. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1860. 61 p. 5608. Herrera, Pablo; and Honorato Vsquez. Proyecto de alegato ante el Gobierno de Espaa, edicin reservada y de mero estudio. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1891. xiv, 216 p. 5609. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Algo ms acerca de los tratados de Colombia. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1928. x, 134 p. 5610. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. La guerra de conquista en Amrica. Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1941. xlii, 467 p. Regarding Perus invasion of southern Ecuador and occupation of most of the Oriente.

5611. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. La Presidencia de Quito: memoria histrico-jurdica de los orgenes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana y de su defensa territorial. Quito: Edit. El Comercio, 1938-1939. 2 v. (1066 p.) 5612. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Los tratados con Colombia. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1925. 112 p. This and item 5611 analyze the Salomn-Lozano Treaty whereby Colombia ceded to Peru territory that had previously pertained to Ecuador. 5613. Jerves, Alonso A. Los orgenes histricos de la cuestin de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per, Oriente dominicano, 14:98/99 (jun./jul. 1941), 169-171; 14:101 (ago. 1941), 197-200; 14:102 (sept. 1941), 233-236; 14:103 (oct. 1941), 272-275; 14:104 (nov. 1941), 304-308; 14:105 (dic. 1941), 341-344; 15:106 (ene. 1942), 17-18; 15:107 (feb. 1942), 45-47; 15:108 (mar. 1942), 77-78; 15:109 (abr. 1942), 108-110; 15:110 (mayo 1942), 140-143; 15:111 (jun. 1942), 168-169; 15:112 (jul. 1942), 204-206; 15:113 (ago. 1942), 234-239. 5614. Krieg, William L. Ecuadorean-Peruvian Rivalry in the Upper Amazon. [S.l.: s.n., 1979?]. x, 264, [20] p. A study prepared for the Department of State under its External Research Program. Available on microfilm from: Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, Inc., 1982. (Latin American Special Studies, 1961-1980; 8) 5615. Krieg, William L. Peru-Ecuador Boundary. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of State, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Office of the Geographer, 1980. 23 p. 5616. Larrea Alba, Luis. Geopoltica: aplicacin a la estrategia militar, 1 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 375 p. 5617. Len Borja, Dora; and Adm Szszdi. El problema jurisdiccional de Guayaquil antes de la independencia, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 13-146. 5618. Maier, Georg. Boundary Dispute Between Ecuador and Peru, American Journal of International Law, 63:1 (Jan. 1969), 28-46. 5619. Manosalvas V., Nelson Rufo. Hombres de paz en lucha del doctor Alfonso Barrera Valverde, ex-canciller de la Repblica. Quito: [s.n.], 1984. 47 p. 5620. Marn, Rufino. Ecuador, la gran mutilada. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1959. 109 p. 5621. Marroqun Grijalva, Fernando. Ecologa y comercio mundial: solucin al problema territorial. Quito: Fundacin Solidaridad, 1992. 78 p. Proposes a pragmatic solution to territorial dispute between Ecuador and Peru. Especially concerned with preserving the Upper Amazon region in its natural state. 5622. Maura, Antonio. Defensa de los derechos de la Repblica del Ecuador en su contenida con la Repblica del Per sobre lmites territoriales de ambas. Madrid: Estab. Tip. Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1906. 113 p.

5623. Maurtua, Anibal. La cuestin de lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador. Buenos Aires: J.E. Hall, 1910. 92 p. Published under the pseudonym: Amrico Latino. 5624. Medina Castro, Manuel. La cuestin limtrofe en el Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 305-340. Should be read as historiography and an extremist statement of Ecuadors position. Suffers from myopic, if not also xenophobic, nationalism. 5625. Medina Castro, Manuel. La responsabilidad del gobierno norteamericano en el proceso de la mutilacin territorial del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1977. 215 p. Blames the United States for the mutilation of the country. Although the Government of the United States can hardly be said to have supported Ecuador in its continuing boundary dispute with Peru, this emotionally charged book adds nothing to the discussion of the real issues involved or to their history. It is important, however, as an ideological tract. 5626. Mendoza Garca, Luis Anbal. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano: historia de lmites del Ecuador, 5a ed. Quito: Impr. Nueva Luz, [1979?]. 189, [7] p. 5627. Moncayo, Pedro. Cuestin de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per: segn el uti possidetis de 1810 y los tratados de 1829, 3 ed. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1905. 64 p. Originally published: Santiago de Chile: Impr. Nacional, 1860. 62 p. 5628. Montalvo Montero, Pompeyo. Subterfugios y esquinces de la diplomacia peruana frente a la nulidad e inejecutividad del Protocolo del Ro. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, [1987?]. 47 p. 5629. Mora, Alfonso Mara. Dos estudios de actualidad: problema territorial ecuatorianoperuano y descubrimiento del Ro Amazonas: momentos de emergencia peligrosos y decisivos para Amrica y Ecuador. Quito: Editora Quito, 1963. iv, 272 p. A special issue of Ecuador (abr. 1963). 5630. Morales Padrn, Francisco. La frontera peruano-ecuatoriana, Estudios americanos(Sevilla), 2:7 (sept. 1950), 455-466. 5631. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. Exposicin sobre el Tratado de lmites de 1916 entre el Ecuador y Colombia y anlisis jurdico del Tratado de lmites de 1922 entre Colombia y el Per. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos de El Comercio, 1928. 102 p. It will be recalled that Muoz Vernaza played a major role in the negotiation of the 1916 Treaty between Colombia and Ecuador, having been one of the architects thereof. 5632. Muoz Vernaza, Alberto. Orgenes de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana. Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1960. xvi, 109 p. A study of the cdula of 1802, its antecedents and repercussions. Reprint; originally published: Cuenca, 1937. Also republished in item 609.

5633. Noboa, Guillermo. Pueblos y soldados de mi patria. Quito: Ind. Grf. Cyma, 1960. 166 p. 5634. Olivart, Ramn de Dalmau y de Olivart, Marqus de. Algo ms acerca de la frontera ecuatoriana-peruana: cartas al Excmo. Sr. D. Honorato Vzquez, ministro plenipotenciario y enviado extraordinario del Ecuador en misin especial a propsito del dictamen jurdico emitido acerca de esta materia por varios distinguidos jurisconsultos espaoles. Madrid: Establecimiento Tip. de los hijos de R. Alvarez, 1908. 152 p. 5635. Olivart, Ramn de Dalmau y de Olivart, Marqus de. La frontera de la antigua Colombia con el Per: contribucin al estudio de la cuestin de lmites entre el ltimo y el Ecuador. Madrid: Estab. Tip. Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1906. xx, 327 p. 5636. Olivart, Ramn de Dalmau y de Olivart, Marqus de. De los principios que rigen la sucesin territorial en los cambios de soberana y su aplicacin a la cuestin de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per. Madrid: Establ. Tip. de los hijos de R. Alvarez, 1906. xv, 127 p. Items 5634, 5635, and 5636 are well documented studies by an eminent Spanish internationalist who supported Ecuadors cause and claims. 5637. Oquendo, Diego. En las alturas del Condor, 1 ed. Quito: Consorcio de Consejos Provinciales, 1981. 155 p. 5638. Ordez Chvez, Alonso. Frontera provisional. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 127 p. 5639. Ordez Zamora, Aurelio. Confesiones peruanas y situacin jurdica de lmites. Cuenca: Impr. Atahualpa, 1979. 121 p. 5640, Orellana, J. Gonzalo. Las agresiones peruanas al Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Coln, 1982. 193 p. 5641. Ortiz, Delio. Amazonas abajo: biografa de una infamia, 1 ed. Quito: Editora Quito, 1955. 274 p. 5642. Palacios Senz, Carlos. La guerra del 41: el Protocolo de Ro no demarc fronteras definitivas. Guayaquil: Ediciones ARA, 1979. 175 p. 5643. Paltn Domguez, Leonor del Carmen. Historia de lmites del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. I.G.M., 1981. 173 p. An exceptionally objective and relatively dispassionate account. 5644. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Atlas histrico-geogrfico de los lmites del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1936-. <1> v. 5645. Peralta, Jos. Breve exposicin histrico-jurdica de nuestra controversia de lmites con el Per, 2 ed. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1925. 112 p. 5646. Prez Concha, Jorge. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano: sntesis histrica. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1979. 101 p.

5647. Prez Concha, Jorge. El Ecuador ante el problema amaznico. Guayaquil: Jouvin, 1934. 70 p. 5648. Prez Concha, Jorge. Ensayo histrico-crtico de las relaciones diplomticas del Ecuador con los estados limtrofes, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1961-1968. 3 v. A comprehensive, well documented study of the long since resolved but not forgotten boundary dispute with Colombia and of the as of July 1997 not yet resolved boundary dispute with Peru. Vol. 1 has appeared in a third edition (1968), literally twice as long as the second. But apparently vol. 3 was issued in only one edition (1965). Originally published: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1958-1959. 2 v. 5649. Prez Concha, Jorge. Frente externo. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 359 p. 5650. Prez Concha, Jorge. Guayaquil y el problema de su anexin a los estados limtrofes: la clebre entrevista, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 171204. 5651. Prez Concha, Jorge. El Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1977. 116, 5 p. Revised and expanded version of: El Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro y los problemas derivados de su ejecucin. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1954. 77 p. 5652. Peru. Alegato del Per en el arbitraje sobre sus lmites con el Ecuador, presentado por D. Jos Pardo y Barreda, encargado de negocios del Per en Espaa a S.M. el arbitro la Reina Regente de Espaa. Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1905. 200 p. 5653. Peru. Arbitraje de lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador, dictmenes jurdicos presentados a S.M. el real arbitro con la Memoria del Per . Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1906. 252 p. 5654. Peru. Arbitraje de lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador, indices geogrfico, personal y general de la defensa peruana. Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1907. 367 p. Comprende este volumen los nombres geogrficos y de personas citados en el Alegato y Documentos presentados por el seor Pardo y Barreda, y en la Memoria y Documentos de los seores Cornejo y Osma, y los indices parciales de todos los volmenes de ambas publicaciones. --Advertencia. In other words, this vol. indexes items 5652, 5655-5657. 5655. Peru. Documentos anexos a la Memoria del Per, presentados a S.M. el real arbitro por D. Mariano H. Cornejo y D. Felipe de Osma, plenipotenciarios del Per ... Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1905-1906. 7 v. At head of title: Arbitraje de lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador. Vol. 5-6 have imprint: Barcelona: Impr. de Henrich y Ca., 1906. Vol. 7 entitled: Apndices a la Memoria del Per ...

This and the following item are much broader in coverage than their titles imply. Both publish many sources dealing with multiple aspects of the history of Ecuador, especially of the former Gobierno Poltico y Militar / Provincia Libre / Departamento de Guayaquil and the former Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Maynas, durante the colonial and independence periods. 5656. Peru. Documentos anexos al Alegato del Per, presentados a S.M. el real arbitro por D. Jos Pardo y Barreda, encargado de negocios del Per. Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1905. 2 v. At head of title: Arbitraje de lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador. 5657. Peru. Memoria del Per en el arbitraje sobre sus lmites con el Ecuador, presentada a S.M. el real arbitro por Mariano H. Cornejo y Felipe de Osma, plenipotenciarios del Per. Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1905-1906. 4 v. Vol. 2: Barcelona: Impr. de Heinrich y Ca, 1906. Largely drafted by Osma. 5658. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Documentos bsicos sobre el Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro de 1942 y su ejecucin, 3 ed. Lima: Edit. Lumen, 1961. 86 p. 5659. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Documentos relativos a la Conferencia Per-Ecuatoriana de Washington. Lima: Edit. Lumen, 1938. xvi, 232 p. 5660. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. Memorias y documentos diplomticos sobre la negociacin del Tratado de Lmites entre el Per y el Ecuador. Lima: Impr. de Torres Aguirre, 1892. xxviii, 715 p. Covers the negotiating period 1884-1890. 5661. Peru. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. The Peruvian Ecuadorian Border Incident in the Cordillera del Condor. Lima: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Peru, 1981. 108 p. 5662. Pino Ycaza, Gabriel. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1946-1952. 2 v. 5663. Ponce, Nicols Clemente. Lmites entre el Ecuador y Colombia. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin de Julio Senz R., Tipgrafo-Editor, 1913. vii, 99 p. Also published in: 2 ed. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacional, 1915. 142 p. This and the following item are considered to be classic statements of Ecuadors position. 5664. Ponce Nicols Clemente. Lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per: memorandum para el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la Repblica de Bolivia, 4 ed. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1936. 64, 64 p. In Spanish and English on opposite, separately numbered pages. 5665. Portillo, Pedro. Acontecimientos realizados con los ecuatorianos, colombianos y brasileros en los Ros Napo, Putumayo, Yurua y Purus durante los aos de 1901 a 1904. Lima: Tip. del Panptico, 1909. 65 p. 5666. Puente, Rafael A. La mala fe peruana y los responsables del desastre de Zarumilla. Quito: Editora Moderna, 1946. 320 p.

Anti-Arroyo del Ro. Also published in: 2 ed. Quito: Editora Espejo, 1961. 299 p. 5667. Puig Arosema, Alberto. Nuevos aspectos de nulidad del Protocolo de Ro de Janeiro. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Departamento de Publicaciones, 1964. 46 p. 5668. Reategui Delgado, Carlos Ignacio. Trazando la frontera: diario tcnico de viaje de la Comisin Mixta Demarcadora de Lmites Per-Ecuador: primera brigada mixta llevado por el capitn de corbeta, Carlos Ignacio Restegui Delgado, edicin y compilacin, Carmen Rossello Truel vda. de Reategui y Jorge Ortiz Sotelo. Lima: Direccin de Intereses Martimos, 1992. xii, 216 p. 5669. Reig Satorres, Jos. Una grave extralimitacin del Virrey Abascal, Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 5 ser., 20 (ago. 1989), 473-512. 5670. Reig Satorres, Jos. Guayaquil, su relevancia histrica. Guayaquil: Ediciones del Centro Universitario Los Esteros, 1991. 154 p. A detailed reexamination replete with documentary appendices of the controversy surrounding the temporary transfer or annexation of the Political and Military Government of Guayaquil to the Viceroyalty of Lima in the early 1800s. Incorporates the preceding item. 5671. Restrepo G., Marco; Mara Eugenia Tmariz Tormen; and Teodoro Bustamante. Frontera amaznica: historia de un problema, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIME; Pastaza: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Pastaza, 1991. 100 p. 5672. Rodrguez S., Luis A. La verdad sobre la agresin peruana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 128 p. See also items 2583 and 2584. 5673. Senz A., Jos Mara. Antecedentes y tratados de Girn y Guayaquil, Boletn histrico (Quito), 2:8 (dic. 1978), 48-78. 5674. Senz A., Jos Mara. La batalla de Tarqui y su importancia en el derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981. 82 p. 5675. Senz A., Jos Mara. La cdula real del 16 de junio de 1819, Boletn histrico (Quito), 3:9/10 (ene./jun. 1979), 22-31. 5676. Salazar Flor, Carlos. Antecedentes histricos de las cuestiones limtrofes ecuatorianos y juicio del conflicto colombo-peruano. Quito: Universidad Central, 1933. 84 p. 5677. Sampedro V., Francisco. Del Amazonas en 1830 al Condor en 1981: la realidad geogrfica que la historia no investig: condensado anlisis, histrico-diplomtico del proceso de lmites del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Offset, 1983. 320 p. 5678. San Cristval, Evaristo. La controversia limtrofe entre el Per y el Ecuador: cumplimiento ejecucin de la real cdula de 15 de julio de 1802. Lima: Libera e Impr. Gil, 1938. 42 p. 5679. San Cristval, Evaristo. Pginas internacionales: antecedentes diplomticos del Tratado Salomn-Lozano: estudio crtico del tratado, 2 ed. Lima: Librera e Impr. Gil, 1932. 246 p.

5680. Snchez Roman, Felipe. El litigio de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per ante el Consejo de Estado: votos particulares del Excmo. Sr. D. ... Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1910. 134 p. 5681. Santamara, Julio H. La gigantesca personalidad de Atahualpa y sus generales; La agresin del imperialismo peruano al Ecuador en 1941. Quito: Edit. Ind. Grf. Cyma, 1970. 230 p. 5682. Santamara, Julio H. La tragedia internacional del Ecuador y sus responsables. Quito: Impr. Mercantil, 1945. 64 p. 5683. Santamara de Paredes, Vicente. Estudio de la cuestin de lmites entre las Repblicas del Per y del Ecuador. Madrid: Impr. de los hijos de M.G. Hernndez, 1907. 2, 307, [11] p. Also published in English. See item 5684. 5684. Santamara de Paredes, Vicente. A Study of the Question of the Boundaries Between the Republics of Ecuador and Peru, translated by Harry Weston Van Dyke. New York: Gordon Press, 1976. 2, 336, [10] p. Reprint; originally published: Washington, D.C.: Press of Byron S. Adams, 1910. 5685. Serrano, Manuel. A la nacin: la verdad en los asuntos de Zarumilla. Quito: Glvez, 1909. 64 p. 5686. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1962. xvi, 512 p. 5687. Silva, Rafael Euclides. El Tratado de Guayaquil, 22 de septiembre de 1829: su significado histrico jurdico. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1980. 80 p. 5688. Slaght, Dale V. The New Realities of Ecuadorian-Peruvian Relations: a Search for Causes, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 27:2 (Autumn 1973), 3-14. 5689. St. John, Ronald Bruce. Boundary Dispute between Peru and Ecuador, American Journal of International Law, 71:2 (Apr. 1977), 322-330. 5690. St. John, Ronald Bruce. Peruvian Foreign Policy, 1919-1939: the Delimitation of Frontiers. 1969. 6, 560 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Denver. 5691. Tern, Francisco. La realidad histrico-geogrfico de Tumbez, Jan y Mainas. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Gobierno, 1941. 44 p. Also published in: Amrica (Quito), 16:71 (1941), 178-221. 5692. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Del tratado de paz al Protocolo Pedemonte-Mosquera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:68 (jul./dic. 1946), 151-204; 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 4964. 5693. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. La Unin Catlica, 1961. 284 p.

5694. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La doctrina del uti possidetis, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 36:88 (jul./dic. 1956), 164-194; 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 5-42; 37:90 (jul./dic. 1957), 201-231; 38:91 (ene./jun. 1958), 49-90. Also published as: El uti possidetis juris. Quito: Impr. Prensa Catlica, 1958. 144 p. (Estudios sobre lmites ecuatoriano-peruanos; t. 2) 5695. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Estudios sobre lmites ecuatoriano-peruanos: antecedentes del tratado de 1829, Protocolo Pedemonte-Mosquera. Quito: Impr. Romero, 1947. 265 p. A special edition of: Antecedentes del Tratado de 1829, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 24:64 (jul./dic. 1944), 263-319; 25:65 (ene./jun. 1945), 16-66; El Tratado de Guayaquil, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 25:66 (jul./dic. 1945), 143-192; 26:67 (ene./jun. 1946), 41-78; and Del tratado de paz al Protocolo Pedemonte-Mosquera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 26:68 (jul./dic. 1946), 151-204; 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 4964. 5696. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La invasin peruana y el Protocolo de Ro: antecedentes y explicacin histrica, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1982. xxviii, 559 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1945. viii, 559 p. A defense by the Minister of Foreign Affairs who signed the Protocol of 1942, nominally settling the boundary dispute with Peru, of his actions and a review of Ecuadors historic claims to the lost territory. 5697. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Tratado de 1860, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:86 (jul./dic. 1955), 201-248. 5698. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Tratado de Guayaquil de 1829. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1979. vii, 278 p. 5699. Tobar Donoso, Julio. El Tratado Noboa-Pando Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 34:84 (jul./dic. 1954), 151-178. 5700. Tobar Donoso, Julio; and Alfredo Luna Tobar. Derecho territorial ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. La Unin Catlica, 1961. 284 p. A basic work that has become one of the classics on the subject. Luna Tobar is a nephew of the late Tobar Donoso. Periodically updated: 2 ed. Quito: Artes Grficas, 1979. 381 p. 3 ed. Quito: Direccin General de Informacin, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1982. 381 p. 4 ed. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1994. 566 p. 5701. Tudela, Francisco. The Controversy between Peru and Ecuador: (translation). Lima: Impr. Torres Aguirre, 1941. 46 p. 5702. Ulloa, Luis. Algo de historia: las cuestiones territoriales con Ecuador y Colombia y la falsedad del Protocolo Pedemonte-Mosquera. Lima: Impr. la Industria, 1911. vii, 146, c p.

5703. Ulloa Vernimmen, Jos. Paquisha, un hito de gloria. Guayaquil: Edit. Cultura y Democracia, 1981. 355 p. A well documented account of the Ecuador-Peru conflict of 1981. 5704. Ulloa y Sotomayor, Alberto. Per y Ecuador: ltima etapa del problema de lmites (1941-1942). Lima: Impr. Torres Aguirre, 1942. 117 p. 5705. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. Coleccin de documentos sobre lmites ecuatorianoperuanos. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1902-1903. 3 v. Vol. 3, Exposicin sobre los lmites ecuatoriano-peruanos, is a scholarly exposition of Ecuadors rights to territories lost to Colombia and Peru; sometimes it is described separately. N.B. Vacas Galindo is another author whose name has been garbled by catalogers. He is sometimes listed as Bacas Galindo, Enrique. 5706. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. Integridad territorial de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1905. iii, 502 p. 5707. Valencia Rodrguez, Luis. El conflicto territorial ecuatoriano-peruano: programa de cooperacin poltica regional: material de investigacin, 1 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1988. 137 p. Advocates a peaceful solution based on moderate demands and bilateral cooperation. 5708. Vallejo Larrea, Rafael. El problema limtrofe ecuatoriano-peruano. Santiago de Chile: Direccin de Talleres Fiscales, 1931. 214 p. 5709. Vzquez, Honorato. El eplogo peruano: memorandum para el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la Repblica del Ecuador. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico Sucesores de Rivadeneira, 1907. vi, 193 p. At head of title: Litigio de lmites entre el Ecuador y el Per. 5710. Vzquez, Honorato. Exposicin a Su Majestad Catlica Don Alfonso XIII en la demanda de la Repblica del Ecuador contra la del Per sobre lmites territoriales. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico Sucesores de Rivadeneira, 1908. viii, 525 p. 5711. Vzquez, Honorato. El memorandum final del Per: contra-memorandum. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico Sucesores de Rivadeneira, 1909. 58 p. 5712. Vzquez, Honorato. Memoria histrico-jurdica sobre los lmites ecuatorianoperuanos. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1967. vii, 321 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1892. xxxix, 384 p. The original edition includes a prologue by Pablo Herrera (see also item 5712). 5713. Vzquez, Honorato. La misin diplomtica de Honorato Vzquez en Madrid para el litigio de lmites entre el Ecuador y Per. Madrid: Establecimiento Tipogrfico de ls hijos de R. Alvarez, 1911. iv, 158 p. A monographic issue of Anales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 23:3 (jul./sept. 1967). Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1892.

5714. Velasco Cceres, Humberto. Sinopsis histrica, jurdica y geogrfica del secular pleito de lmites entre Ecuador y Per. Riobamba: Edit. Espinoza, 1962. 258 p. 5715. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Con la integracin andina, vendr la desintegracin del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2 poca, 45 (1991 [i.e., 1993]), 93-102. 5716. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Geohistoria del Estado ecuatoriano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 23:40 (1973), 29-161. 5717. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Historia de lmites del Estado ecuatoriano: geografa, historia y derechos territoriales. Guayaquil: Edit. Arquidiocesana Justicia y Paz, 1984. 141 p. See also the same authors more recent: Las invasiones y desmembraciones efectuadas por los estados limtrofes vecinos al territorio ecuatoriano, in which he denounces the seizure of national territory by Brazil, Colombia, and Peru and condemns the complicity of national administrations in said appropriations. Guayaquil: Tall. Grf. de Editorial Justicia y Paz, 1990. 112 p. 5718. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. La invasin peruana en 1859 y el Tratado de Mapasingue, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 52:113 (ene./jun. 1969), 5-42. 5719. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. La responsabilidad de la diplomacia ecuatoriana en la demarcacin fronteriza. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1945. 61 p. 5720. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Las pretensiones peruanas en la Cordillera del Condor hasta los ros ecuatorianos Puyango y Catamayo. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1990. 118 p. 5721. Villamil, Homero. Invasiones peruanas al Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Argentina, 1965. 146 p. A high school text. An example of the kind of anti-Peruvian literature on which Ecuadorians used to be raised. 5722. Viteri Lafronte, Homero. El Ecuador y su salida propia al Maran. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 93 p. 5723. Wood, Bryce. Aggression and History: The Case of Ecuador and Peru. Ann Arbor: Published for the Institute of Latin American Studies, Columbia University by University Microfilms International, 1978. xiii, 309 p. Examines the historiography as well as the history of the dispute. 5724. Wood, Bryce. The United States and Latin American Wars, 1932-1942. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. x, 519 p. See pt. 3: The Maran Conflict (p. 255-342). 5725. Yepes, Jess Mara. La controversia fronteriza entre el Ecuador y el Per. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 36 p. 5726. Yepes, Jess Mara. Derecho contra fuerza: una cuestin de inters continental. Quito: Unin Interamericana de Periodistas para la XI Conferencia de Quito, 1960. 38 p.

5727. Zanabra Zamudo, Rmulo. Luchas y victorias por la definicin de una frontera: la lucha en el dominio poltico. Lima: [s.n.], 1969. xi, 398 p. 5728. Zrate Lescano, Jos. Resea histrica del problema limtrofe peruano-ecuatoriano. Lima: Impr. del Mininsterio de Guerra, 1960. vi, 108 p. Lo que todo peruano debe saber y todo ecuatoriano no debe ignorar. 5729. Zegers, Luis Fautino. Defensa de los derechos del Per sobre los terrenos amaznicos que se le disputan, o sea, Refutacin del folleto que ha publicado en Chile el Sr. Dr. D. Pedro Moncayo. Lima: Tip. del Comercio por J.M. Monterola, 1860. 84 p. 5730. Zook, David H., Jr. Spanish Arbitration of the Ecuador-Peru Dispute, The Americas, 20:4 (Apr. 1964), 359-375. 5731. Zook, David H., Jr. Zarumilla-Maran : The Ecuador-Peru Dispute. New York: Bookman, 1964. 331 p. A solid, dispassionate, scholarly account.

FOREIGN RELATIONS

5732. Accin Anticomunista Ecuatoriana. Cubanizar al Ecuador? Quito: Edit. Don Bosco, 1961. 136 p. 5733. Aguilar, C. La mediacin latino-americana en el conflicto entre los Estados Unidos y Mxico: la iniciativa del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1916. 28 p. 5734. Aguirre Abad, Francisco X. Documentos relativos a la ltima legacin ecuatoriana en el Per. Guayaquil: Impr. del Progreso, 1855. 30 p. 5735. Alvarado Garaicoa, Teodoro. El mar territorial y el mar patrimonial. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1973. 173 p. 5736. Andrade, Roberto. Tulcan y Cuaspud: fragmentos de la obra Montalvo y Garca Moreno. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1907. 112 p. 5737. Barrera, Angel T. Eloy Alfaro y la Gran Colombia. Guayaquil: Impr. Mercantil, 1921. 45 p. 5738. Barros Van Buren, Mario. La Misin Eastman en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 176 p. Barros was secretary to Vctor Eastman Cox (1871-1943), the Chilean ambassador to Ecuador between 1909 and 1920. 5739. Bonilla, Adrin. Las sorprendentes virtudes de lo perverso: Ecuador y narcotrfico en los 90. Quito: FLACSO-Sede Ecuador, 1993. 103 p. 5740. Bustamante, Fernando. Ecuador, Putting an End to Ghosts of the Past?, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 34:4 (Winter 1992/1993), 195-224.

Examines foreign policy concerns of the Rodrigo Borja administration, especially vis-a-vis Peru, Andean integration, and access to the Amazon. 5741. Bustamante, Fernando. Foreign Policy Options under Dependence: a Theoretical Evaluation with Evidence from Ecuador, Journal of Latin American Studies, 25:3 (Oct. 1993), 543-574. 5742. Bustamante Muoz, Antonio. Lista de los instrumentos internacionales concluidos por el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 319 p. A calendar of international agreements and treaties to which Ecuador is a signatory. 5743. Cabeza de Vaca, Manuel. La posicin del Ecuador en el conflicto colombo-peruano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934. 227 p. 5744. Cceres, Luis Ren. Ecuador y la integracin andina: experiencias y perspectivas, Integracin latinoamericana, 18:195 (nov. 1993), 31-46. 5745. Carrera de la Torre, Luis. El proyecto binacional Puyango Tumbes. Quito: AFESE: ILDIS, 1990. 242 p. 5746. Carrin, Francisco. Poltica exterior del Ecuador: evolucin, teora y prctica, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1986. 338 p. 5747. Cowan, Paul. The Making of an Un-American: A Dialogue With Experience. New York: Viking Press, 1970. 370 p. A critique of the Peace Corps in the field. The author and his spouse were volunteers in Guayaquil in 1966 and 1967. 5748. Crespo Andrade, Aurelio. Colombia y Ecuador. Quito: Tip., Librera e Impr. Fernndez, 1936. 104 p. 5749. Davidson, David. Good Neighbors, American Heritage, 35:3 (April/May 1984), 104-109. The author, a veteran of the Office of Inter-American Affairs campaign to convince Latin Americans to support the Allies during World War II, recalls his experience in trying to bring American values to a bewildered Ecuador. 5750. De la Cruz, Ermel. El Ecuador, meridiano de espectacin continental en Punta del Este: y una cita de presidentes que hizo historia en Amrica. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1968. 274 p. 5751. De la Torre Reyes, Carlos. Vicente Piedrahita y el Congreso de Lima, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 223-234. 5752. Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States Concerning the Independence of the Latin American Nations, selected and arranged by William R. Manning. New York: Oxford University Press, 1925-1926. 3 v.

5753. Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States: Inter-American Affairs, 1831-1860. Vol. 6. Dominican Republic, Ecuador, France, selected and arranged by William R. Manning. New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1936. 735 p. 5754. La Economa poltica del narcotrfico: el caso ecuatoriano, Bruce Bagley, Adrin Bonilla y Alexei Pez, editores, 1 ed. Quito: FLACSO-Sede Ecuador; Coral Gables, Fla.: North-South Center, University of Miami, 1991. iii, 243 p. 5755. Ecuador. Coleccin de tratados, convenciones, capitulaciones, armisticios y otros actos diplomticos y polticos celebrados desde la independencia hasta nuestros das, [recopilada por] Aurelio Noboa. Guayaquil: Impr. de Noboa, 1901-1902. 2 v. 5756. Ecuador. Los convenios culturales del Ecuador, notas explicativas por Rafael Alvarado. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 372 p. 5757. Ecuador. Convenios diplomticos, compilados por J.T. Mera. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1916. 268 p. 5758. Ecuador. Documentos diplomticos sobre los reclamos hechos por el Encargado de Negocios del Ecuador al Gobierno del Per, con motivo de la pirtica expedicin del ex-jeneral J.J. Flores. Quito: Impr. de F. Bermeo, 1852. 45 p. 5759. Ecuador. Recopilacin de los instrumentos internacionales celebrados por el Ecuador en materia econmica y comercial, Olmedo Monteverde Paz. Quito: Edit. Cancillera, 1962. 376 p. 5760. Ecuador. Tratados celebrados entre la Repblica del Ecuador con varias naciones de Europa y Amrica. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1862. 94 p. 5761. Ecuador-Estados Unidos, relaciones econmicas bilaterales, Embajada del Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Embassy of Ecuador, 1982. 2 v. 5762. El Ecuador frente al siglo XXI: seguridad geopoltica, compilador, Oswaldo Jarrn R., 1 ed. Quito: Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, Direccin de Protocolo, Prensa y Relaciones Pblicas, 1992. 178 p. 5763. El Ecuador y los problemas internacionales, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Escuela de Ciencias Internacionales, 1989. 351 p. Contents: Luis Narvez Rivadeneira, Organismos nacionales que realizan acciones de poltica internacional; Luis Valencia Rodrguez, La presencia del Ecuador en las Naciones Unidas; Marco Tulio Cordero, Participacin del Ecuador en el sistema interamericano: ruta de la geografa; Mauro Tern Cevallos, Derechos del Ecuador en la rbita sincrnica geoestacionaria; Eduardo Santos Alvite, El Ecuador y la integracin andina y latinoamericana; Lionel Lpez Pinto, Posicin del Ecuador en el problema de la deuda externa y su relacin con Latinoamrica; Alberto Acosta Espinosa, Intervencin del Ecuador en la OPEP y en la OLADE. 5764. Elizalde, Rafael Hector. Paz, pero justicia en Amrica. Santiago, Chile: Prensa de la Edit. Ercilla, 1938. 67 p.

5765. Escudero, Gonzalo. Justicia para el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 279 p. Both items 5764 and 5765 have to do with Ecuadors boundary claims and general relations with Peru. 5766. Falconi, Gerardo. Misin en La Habana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1968. 217 p. 5767. Flores, Antonio. Ecuador protesta: (contra los proyectos de enajenar las Islas Galpagos que le atribuy el Ministro de lo Interior). Bayonne: Impr. Lamaignre, [1900]. 10, 15 p. 5768. Flores, Antonio. El supuesto proyecto de enajenar las Islas de Galpagos y el Tratado Franco-Ecuatoriano de 1888. Niza: Impr. de Robaudi Hermanos, 1899. 15 p. Protests the allegation that as president he had sought to transfer the Galpagos to France. 5769. Garca Donoso de Larrea, Paulina. Poltica econmica externa del Ecuador: proyecciones hacia el siglo XXI. Quito: Direccin General de Comunicacin y Prensa, Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1992. 45 p. 5770. Garca Moreno, Gabriel. Epistolario diplomtico del Presidente Gabriel Garca Moreno, 1859-1969, edicin preparada y prologada por Jorge Villalba F., 1976. Quito: Archivo Juan Jos Flores, 1976. 84, clxvi p. Contents: Relaciones del gobierno de Garca Moreno con el Gral. Toms C. de Mosquera, presidente de los Estados Unidos de Colombia; Diario del Dr. Antonio Flores Jijn sobre su misin cerca del Gral. Mosquera, 1863; Misin del Dr. Antonio Flores al Vaticano para solicitar las reformas al Concordato; Diario de la misin del Dr. Antonio Flores al Vaticano; Epistolario del Presidente Gabriel Garca Moreno. 5771. Gonzlez, Nicols Augusto. El Ecuador en el conflicto internacional del Pacfico: conferencia dada en el seno del Comit 10 de Agosto del Callao ... el domingo 12 de mayo de 1901. Lima: Librera Escolar e Impr. de E. Moreno, 1901. 34 p. 5772. Gruss, Louis. The Mission to Ecuador of Judah P. Benjamin, The Louisiana Historical Quarterly, 32:1 (Jan. 1940), 162-169. Regarding United States interest in the early 1850s in obtaining a commercial treaty to exploit the guano deposits supposedly to be found in the Galpagos. 5773. Guzmn Polanco, Manuel de. Un ecuatoriano ilustre: Vicente Piedrahita, pginas de la diplomacia ecuatoriana. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 123 p. Primarily a study of Piedrahita as a diplomat, especially of his role in the second InterAmerican Congress of 1864-1865. 5774. Hey, Jeanne A.K. Foreign Policy Options under Dependence: a Theoretical Evaluation with Evidence from Ecuador, Journal of Latin American Studies, 25:3 (Oct. 1993), 543-574.

Maintains that diplomatic initiatives such as Hurtados sponsorship of the 1984 Conferencia Econmica Latinoamericana and Febres Corderos 1985 visit to Cuba to sign treaties of cooperation reflect internal realities and concerns of some importance to Ecuador, although they may be of little or no concern to the United States, upon whom Ecuador continues to be heavily dependent for economic aid. 5775. Hey, Jeanne A.K. Theories of Dependent Foreign Policy and the Case of Ecuador in the 1980s. Athens: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1995. xiv, 292 p. Finds that cycles hypothesis rather than trend hypothesis performs best in political/diplomatic foreign policy, and that pro-US behavior is most consistent in the economic realm, not in the political/diplomatic realm, at least during the Hurtado and Febres Cordero regimes. Based on interviews with previous presidents, foreign ministers, and career diplomats as well as relevant literature. See also Heys Ecuadoran Foreign Policy Since 1979: Ideological Cycles or a Trend towards Neoliberalism?, Journal of Studies and World Affairs, 37:4 (Winter 1995), 57-88, in which she compares the foreign policies of Borja and Durn Balln to those of Hurtado and Febres Cordero, and her The Trouble with Compliance: Dependence and Foreign Policy in Ecuador, Comparative Political Studies, 29:6 (xxxx 1996), 660-668, a recapitulation of her book. 5776. Howe, George F. Garca Morenos Efforts to Unite Ecuador and France, Hispanic American Historical Review, 16:2 (May 1940), 257-262. Details and documents Garca Morenos 1859 attempt to enlist the support of France in his bid for power and of subsequent efforts by diplomatic representatives of the French and Ecuadorian governments to convince the government of France to make Ecuador a protectorate. 5777. Lara, Daro. Gonzalo Zaldumbide, ministro plenipotenciario del Ecuador en Pars (1919-1923), Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 120-136. 5778. Lecaro Bustamante, Arturo. Primer Concurso sobre Poltica Internacional del Ecuador, 1809-1984: primer premio. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1985. 548 p. Cover title: Poltica internacional del Ecuador, 1809-1984. Also available in a 2 ed. (i.e., reprint): Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1987. 5779. Lpez, Nicols F. De actualidad: el asunto Galpagos en la Cmara de Diputados y un discurso. Quito: Impr. La Gutenberg, 1910. 38 p. 5780. Lpez, Nicols F. Resea diplomtica, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1927), vol. 1, p. 235-248. Reprinted and updated in: Resumen histrico del Ecuador, 1830-930, 1947 (item 1968), vol. 1, p. 145-164. 5781. Luna Tobar, Alfredo. La doctrina martima latinoamericana. Quito: Industrias Grf. CYMA, 1972. 157 p. Regarding the then advent guarde extension of maritime boundaries from 12 to 200 miles, of which Ecuador was one of the leading proponents.

5782. Luna Vegas, Emilio. Per y Ecuador en cinco siglos. Lima: Okura Editores, 1986. xv, 223 p. 5783. Martz, John D. El destino de un pas pequeo: Ecuador en asuntos internacionales, Sntesis: revista documental de ciencias sociales iberoamericanas (ene./abr. 1992), 317-335. 5784. Martz, Mary Jane Reid. Ecuador and the Eleventh Inter-American Conference, Journal of Inter-American Studies, 10:2 (Apr. 1968), 306-327. Explains why the Conference was never held. Takes into account conditions in Ecuador itself as well as throughout the hemisphere. 5785. Medina Castro, Manuel. Ecuador pas ocupado: los yankis en el Oriente. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 121 p. 5786. Parks, E. Taylor; and J. Fred Rippy. The Galapagos Islands: A Neglected Phase of American Strategy Diplomacy, The Pacific Historical Review, 9:1 (Mar. 1940), 37-45. 5787. Parra Prez, Caracciolo. Fuerza presente de la doctrina bolivariana: la visita al Ecuador del Canciller de Venezuela Dr. C. Parra Prez, Instituto Ecuatoriano-Venezolano de Cultura. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1943. 274 p. 5788. Pattee, Richard. Garca Moreno y su poltica internacional ecuatoriana, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 17:50/53 (ene./jun. 1939), 185-208. 5789. Prez Concha, Jorge. Eloy Alfaro ante el derecho internacional americano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9:25/26 (ene. 1959-dic. 1960), 42-51. 5790. Prez Concha, Jorge. Honorato Vzquez ante el Rey de Espaa, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:13/14 (1955), 19-45. 5791. Prez Serrano, Jorge. El tercero en la discordia: la actuacin internacional del Ecuador en el conflicto de Leticia y antecedentes histrico-diplomticos de la misma. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1936. 391 p. 5792. Perrier, Georges. La Rpublique de lEquateur: aperu general: relations entre lEquateur et la France. Paris: Editions France-Amerique, 1937. 76 p. 5793. Pitt, Thomas Allen. Eloy Alfaro and Ecuadors Andean Diplomacy, 1895-1911. 1976. iv, 417 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Virginia. 5794. Presencia ecuatoriana en la Antrtica. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Instituto de Diplomacia y Ciencias Internacionales, 1986. 393 p. 5795. Quevedo, Antonio. Sobre poltica externa ecuatoriana en la post-guerra. Quito: Universidad Central, 1945. 112 p. Also published in: Anales de la Universidad Central, 72:321 (ene./dic. 1944), 8-94. 5796. Relaciones Ecuador-Comunidad Europea 1992: realidades y perspectivas: breve memoria del Seminario Internacional, Guayaquil marzo 1990. Quito: ILDIS, 1990. 97 p.

5797. Rivadeneira Surez, Ruben. Visin histrica de la posicin jurdico-martima del Ecuador. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1987. 297 p. Cover title: El Ecuador y el derecho del mar. Previous edition published as: Breve visin histrica de la posicin jurdico-martima del Ecuador (Quito, 1977). 5798. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Poltica internacional de Rocafuerte,Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 29:73 (ene./jun. 1949), 65-84. 5799. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Poltica internacional del General Flores de 1839 a 1845, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 29:74 (jul./dic. 1949), 159-190. 5800. Robalino Dvila, Luis. Poltica internacional del General Flores en su primer perodo,Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 28:72 (jul./dic. 1948), 255-281. 5801. Rodgers, Yana van der Meulen. An Economic Analysis of Debt Swaps and Case Study of the Harvard Debt for Education Swap, World Development, 21:5 (May 1993), 861867. 5802. Rodrguez Roditi, Vctor Hugo. La doctrina internacional del General Eloy Alfaro y su trascendencia en el derecho pblico americano. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana: Ncleo del Guayas, 1968. 130 p. 5803. Rodrguez Sacoto, Manuel. Relaciones con Pekin? Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1973. 117 p. 5804. Rosenberg, Emily S. Dollar Diplomacy under Wilson: An Ecuadorean Case, InterAmerican Economic Affairs, 25:2 (Fall 1971), 47-53. 5805. Scholes, Walter V.; and Marie V. Scholes. The United States and Ecuador, 19091913, The Americas, 19:3 (Jan. 1963), 276-290. 5806. Slaght, Dale V. The Ecuadorian Image of Peru: a Study of Changing Elite Perceptions. 1972. 250 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--American University. 5807. Slaght, Dale V. The New Realities of Ecuadorian-Peruvian Relations, InterAmerican Economic Affairs, 28:2 (Autumn 1973), 3-14. 5808. Terry, Robert. Ecuadorian Foreign Policy, 1958-1968: As Reflected in the OAS and the United Nations. 1972. xii, 497 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--The American University. 5809. United States. General Accounting Office. What Should United States Policy Be for Development Assistance to Ecuador? Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1973. 91 p. Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. 5810. The U.S. Distant-Waters Tuna Fleet: Its Struggle to Maintain the Freedom of the Seas in the Midst of the U.S.-Ecuadorian Dispute over the Limits of the Territorial Sea. Washington, D.C.: American Federation of Labor, Maritime Trades Department, 1973. 45 p. 5811. Uribe, Antonio Jos. Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brasil, Nicaragua y Panam: las cuestiones de lmites y de libre navegacin fluvial. Bogot: Edit. Minerva, 1931. xxix, 632 p.

5812. Valverde, Carlos A. Por la paz de Amrica: el Tratado de lmites Salomn-Lozano entre el Per y Colombia: la actitud del Ecuador. Lima: Tall. de La Prensa, 1928. 152 p. 5813. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El aporte del Ecuador al fortalecimiento de las Naciones Unidas, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 6:8 (dic. 1969), 47-66. 5814. Villacres Moscoso, Jorge W. De la Gran Colombia al Pacto Andino: amarga experiencia integracionista para el Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 7:9 (dic. 1969/feb. 1970), 91-123. 5815. Villacres Moscoso, Jorge W. Derecho internacional ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1972. 480 p. 5816. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El Ecuador apoya fervorosamente el proyecto francs del trazo del Canal de Panam, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 9:25/26 (1960), 55-73. 5817. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El Ecuador y la Corte Internacional de Justicia, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 2:7 (ago./oct. 1965), 34-47. 5818. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El general Flores y la ruta inglesa del Canal de Nicaragua, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 2:5 (abr. 1965), 46-54. 5819. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Geoeconoma internacional del Estado ecuatoriano, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 13-76. 5820. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Gual y el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1963. 48 p. Reprinted in a 2 ed.: Guayaquil: Edit. Jovimo, 1970. 5821. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Historia de las relaciones culturales de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil; Comisin de Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, 1991. 442 p. A basic reference work. 5822. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Historia diplomtica de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1967-1978. 5 v. An exceptionally comprehensive history of the foreign relations of Ecuador by one of the countrys leading diplomatic historians. Well documented and scholarly sound. 5823. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. La misin del primer enviado brasileo Lisboa, Barn de Japura, ante el gobierno del General Urbina, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 90-115. 5824. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Las negociaciones del Presidente Urbina con los Estados Unidos respecto a las Islas Galpagos, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 10:27 (1961), 127-146. 5825. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Peligros para el Ecuador de la integracin econmica con los estados limtrofes. Guayaquil: Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral, 1982. 132 p.

5826. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. La poltica comercial y financiera internacional del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1959. 250 p. 5827. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Poltica econmica internacional del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1959. 556 p. 5828. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Problemas econmicos y polticos internacionales del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral, 1979. 190 p. Items 5826-5828 are basic works on the economic relations of Ecuador with other countries, especially during the first two thirds of the twentieth century. 5829. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Los proyectos bolivarianos de los Presidentes Antonio Guzmn Blanco y Eloy Alfaro, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de la Historia (Caracas), 49:193 (ene./mar. 1966), 40-53. 5830. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Las relaciones diplomticas del Ecuador con Bolivia, Chile y Per, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11/12:28/29 (1962-1963), 99-122. Covers the years 1835-1842. 5831. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Rocafuerte y Francia: la entrevista de don Vicente Rocafuerte con el Capitn Bonafous, jefe de la escuadra francesa del Pacfico, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1:4 (jul./dic. 1964), 53-59. 5832. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El rol del Ecuador en el ofrecimiento de la mediacin de la cudruple alianza de la guerra entre el Paraguay y la Triple Alianza, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 200-208. 5833. Ycaza, Patricio. Ecuador y Cuba: solidaridad histrica. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1992. 60 p.

HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECUADOR Vol. II by Michael T. Hamerly

REGIONAL HISTORY AND RELATED STUDIES

GALAPAGOS

There are other picture books and travel guides that could have been included here, but such coffee table books and Baedekers add little, if anything, to the historiography of the islands. Nonetheless, one such work that I would be remiss in not mentioning is Tui De Roy Moores Galapagos, Islands Lost in Time (New York: Viking Press, 1983) inasmuch as Tui (1953-), who has lived in the islands since she was two years old, is an exceptionally sensitive observer and an extraordinarily gifted photographer.

5834. Acosta Sols, Misael. Galpagos y su naturaleza: geografa, ecologa y conservacin. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1979. 359 p. A detailed geography of the islands. 5835. Alfaro, Olmedo. Galpagos: estratgico y comercial. Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1936. 147 p. 5836. Andrade Endara, Gilmer Patricio; and Luz Angelita Espaa Valencia. Estructura socio-econmica de la Provincia de Galpagos y el rol del Estado en la solucin de su problemtica: perodo, 1980-1985. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. v, 193, 35 p. 5837. Angermeyer, Johanna. My Fathers Island: a Galapagos Quest. New York: Viking, 1989. xiii, 302 p. The story of a German family who sought refuge and a new life on Santa Cruz I. from the mid 1930s through the 1940s. 5838. Bacallado, Juan Jos; and Roberto de Arnas. Islas Galpagos: volcn, mar y vida en evolucin. [Madrid]: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario; [Tenerife]: Gobierno de Canarias, Consejera de Turismo y Transportes; Museo de Ciencias Naturales; Barcelona: Lunwerg Editores, S.A., [1992]. 229 p.

5839. Bognoli, Jos A.; and Jos Moiss Espinosa. Las Islas Encantadas, o, El Archipilago de Coln. Guayaquil: Impr. del Comercio, 1905. 210 p. A history of the Galpagos from their discovery in the sixteenth century through the early 1900s. 5840. Bonifaz Jijn, Cristbal. El Ecuador y las Islas Galpagos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 311-319. A superficial review of the human history of the islands. 5841. Borja, Rafael. Galpagos, mito y realidad. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1948. 164 p. 5842. Campos Plaza, Ernesto. Por las Galpagos. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1953. 200 p. Contents: Lo que uno vive; Narraciones tradicionales; Reportajes. 5843. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Galpagos: notas e impresiones, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1:2 (ene./mar. 1964), 13-24. 5844. Conway, Ainslie. The Enchanted Islands. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1947. vii, 280 p. An account of the authors and his spouses life in the islands, mostly on Floreana, in the late 1930s and early 1940s. See also the sequel thereto: Ainslie and Frances Conways Return to the Island. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1952. 199 p. 5845. Documentos para la historia de las Islas Galpagos, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 175-181. 5846. Dugard, Jane. The Influence of the Galpagos Islands on Charles Darwin and the Subsequent Development of His Theory of Evolution, UNISA/Latin American Report, 7:2 (1991), 4-15. Eminently readable. 5847. Galpagos, the Flow of Wildness, photographs by Eliot Porter, introduction by Loren Eiseley, with selections from Herman Melville [et al.] Washington, D.C.: Sierra Club ; New York: Ballantine, 1970. 2 v. An anthology of old and new descriptions and impressions of the islands. Lavishly illustrated. 5848. Hickman, John. The Enchanted Islands: the Galpagos Discovered. Dover, N.H.: Tanager Books, 1985. 169 p. A well written survey of the history of the islands. 5849. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. El Archipilago de Coln (Galpagos): descubrimiento, exploraciones cientficas y bibliografa de las islas, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 423 p.

A solid history, especially of explorations, and bibliography of the islands. Includes and incorporates Larreas previous articles and other studies on the Galpagos. 5850. Latorre, Octavio. La maldicin de la Tortuga: historias trgicas de las Islas Galpagos. 2a ed. Quito: O. Latorre, 1992. 226 p. A popular history of the island. Also published by the author in English as: The Curse of the Giant Tortoise: Tragedies, Mysteries and Crimes in the Galapagos Islands. 237 p. 5851. Marder, Ren; and Carlos Arcos G. Normas societarias, actitudes, grupos de poder y conflicto en Galpagos: documento para discusin. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, 1985. 211 p. 5852. Martnez, Nicols G. Impresiones de un viaje. Quito: Tall. de Polica Nacional, 1915. 120 p. Reprinted at least twice as: Impresiones de un viaje al Archipilago de Galpagos (Ambato, 1919); and as: Impresiones de un viaje a Galpagos (Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934). 5853. McEwan, Alec. The English Place-Names of the Galpagos, Geographical Journal, 154:2 (July 1988), 234-242. 5854. Naveda, Bolvar H. Galpagos a la vista. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 570 p. 5855. Nieuwolt, Simon. Climatic Uniformity and Diversity in the Galapagos Islands and the Effects on Agriculture, Erdkunde: Archiv fr Wissenschaftliche Geographie, 45:2 (1991), 135142. 5856. Nuez Snchez, Jorge; and Luisa Rodrguez Villouta. Galpagos, patrimonio natural de la humanidad. Quito: Cientfica Latina Editores, 1983. 199 p. (Enciclopedia de las provincias del Ecuador; no. 1). 5857. Prez, Efran. Resea histrica de las instituciones jurdicas galapaguenses. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1985. 70 p. 5858. Plan maestro de desarrollo conservacionista de la Provincia de Galpagos: Galpagos, patrimonio natural de la humanidad. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, 1988. 5 v. 5859. Porter, David. A Voyage to the South Seas, in the Years 1812, 1813, and 1814: with Particular Details of the Gallipagos [sic] and Washington Islands. London: Sir. R. Phillips, 1823. 126 p. 5860. Reck, Gunter K. Relaciones biogeogrficas y distribucin de algunas especies marinas de inters comercial en las Islas Galpagos, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 241-255. 5861. Rendn, Paulette de. Galpagos, las ltimas islas encantadas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1946. 205 p. Reprinted: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1971. 163 p.

5862. Robinson, William Albert. Voyage to Galapagos. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1936. viii, 279 p. 5863. Slevin, Joseph Richard. The Galapagos Islands: a History of Their Exploration. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, 1959. 150 p. 5864. Steadman, David W.; and Steven Zousmer. Galpagos: Discovery on Darwins Islands. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988. 208 p. An account of the natural history and fauna of the islands. Superbly illustrated. 5865. Strauch, Dora; and Walter Brockmann. Satan Came to Eden. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1936. xii, 274 p. The grisly tale of the Baroness Bouquet de Wagner and her ill fated paramours. 5866. Sylva Charvet, Paola. Colonialismo y colonizacin de las Islas Galpagos: un doble proceso depredador, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 711-723. 5867. Sylva Charvet, Paola. Las Islas Galpagos en la historia del Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 253-303. A solid survey of the history of the archipelago and of individual islands through 1985. 5868. Thronton, Ian W.B. Darwins Islands: a Natural History of the Galapagos. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday for the American Museum of Natural History, 1971. xiv, 322 p. 5869. Villamil, Francisco Jos de. Una excursin al Archipilago en 1842, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1:1 (mar. 1910), 5-11. Villamils account of his 1842 excursion to the Galapagos in search of guano. Published by Camilo Destruge. 5870. Wittmer, Margaret. Floreana: a Womans Pilgrimage to the Galapagos, translated from the German by Oliver Coburn. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: Moyer Bell, 1989. 240 p. The memoirs of 56 years in the islands (1932-1988). 5871. Wolf, Theodor. Apuntes sobre el clima de las Islas Galpagos: segn las observaciones hechas durante un viaje en los meses de agosto a noviembre de 1873. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1879. 11 p.

NORTH COAST

By the north coast is meant the Province of Esmeraldas. Three other important work that should be included here are: 1) Miguel Cabello Balboas 1589 Verdadera descripcin y relacin larga de la Provincia y tierra de las Esmeraldas in vol. 1 of his Obras as compiled, edited, and published by Jacinto Jijn y Caamao (Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1945), p. 1-76; 2) Juan B. Ceriolas Esmeraldas en su centenario, y, Gua comercial de Manab: monografa de las dos provincias (Guayaquil: Tip. de J.T. Foyain, 1922; 139 p.); and 3) and Joseph Palop Martnez and

A.J. Cerd Esteves Asentamientos de indios y mulatos en la Provincia de Esmeraldas durante el siglo XVII, in: Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa (1: 1993: Barcelona, Espaa), Primer Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa: arqueologa, etnohistoria, antropologa sociocultural, [edicin de] Alvarez, Aurelio [et al.]. 1 ed. (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995), p. 361-386. N.B. Esmeraldas en su centenario was apparently printed by Tip. y Encuadernacin de la Prensa Catlica in Quito in 1921 and may originally have circulated separately.

5872. Acosta Sols, Misael. El noroccidente ecuatoriano: geografa y ecologa de Lito a San Lorenzo, cubierta vegetal y reconocimiento botnico forestal, agricultura y sugerencias en favor del mejor aprovechamiento de las tierras. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1959. 147 p. 5873. Acosta Sols, Misael. Nuevas contribuciones al conocimiento de la Provincia de Esmeraldas. Quito: Edit. Ecuador, 1944. 606 p. A detailed study of the geography of the province. Includes considerable data on the Chachis (formerly and still popularly known as Cayapas), the state of the economy, and the school system. 5874. Alcina Franch, Jos. El problema de las poblaciones negroides de Esmeraldas, Anuario de estudios americanos, 31 (1974), 33-46. 5875. Alcina Franch, Jos; and Remedios de la Pea. Patrones de asentamiento indgena en Esmeraldas durante los siglos XVI y XVII, Actes du XLIIe Congrs international des amricanistes: Paris, 1976, vol. 9a (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1979), p. 283-301. 5876. Alcina Franch, Jos; Encarnacin Moreno; and Remedios de la Pea. Penetracin espaola en Esmeraldas (Ecuador): tipologa del descubrimiento, Revista de Indias, 36:143/144 (ene./jun. 1976), 65-121. Delineates and analyzes Spanish attempts to incorporate the North coast of Ecuador into the established colony, with special emphasis on opening and maintaining a road between Quito and the North coast. 5877. Campesinado y organizacin en Esmeraldas, Fredy Rivera [et al.]. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular; [Esmeraldas?]: Organizacin Campesina Musine-Esmeraldas, 1986. 213 p. 5878. Collin Delavaud, Anne. Nouvelles transformations des zones de colonisation agricole sur la ct de lEquateur: Quininde, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 99-115. 5879. Durand Lpez-Hurtado, Eduardo. Problems in Three New Land Settlement in Andean Countries. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies, 1987. 59 p. A study of new settlements in Colombia, specifically in Caqueta, and in the Province of Esmeraldas.

5880. Escobar Konanz, Marta. La frontera imprecisa: lo natural y lo sagrado en la cultura negra del norte de Esmeraldas, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, 1990. 128 p. A study of the shaman Alejo Ayovi (1907-1987) and of traditional medicine among AfroEcuadorians. 5881. Estupin Tello, Julio. Esmeraldas de ayer: crnicas y anecdotario del pasado esmeraldeo. Esmeraldas: Edit. Redigraf, 1996. 194 p. Estupin Tello is also supposed to have published a Historia de Esmeraldas in Esmeraldas in 1977 and in Santo Domingo de los Colorados in 1983 (in a new edition), but I have been unable to verify or to flesh out the particulars of either edition. 5882. Estupin Tello, Julio. El negro en Esmeraldas: apuntes para su estudio. Quito: Talleres Grficos Nacionales, 1967. 175 p. A semi-historical, semi-fictional account of past and present blacks in the province. Based on some original research, but lacking in scholarly apparatus. 5883. Estupin Tello, Julio. Relatos esmeraldeos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1967. 140 p. To be read for the insights of an Afro-Ecuadorian and a native esmeraldeo. 5885. Hall, Francis. Informe indito sobre el camino y Provincia de Esmeraldas por el Coronel ... en 1826, Gaceta Municipal (Quito), 26:101 (10 ago. 1941), 171-195. 5886. Herrer, Julio. La familia en la sociedad afro-americana. Esmeraldas: Secretariado de Promocin Humana, Vicariato de Esmeraldas, 1978. 84 p. 5887. Impacto ambiental de la contaminacin hdrica producida por la Refinera Estatal Esmeraldas: anlisis tcnico-econmico. Santiago de Chile: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe, 1990. 189 p. 5888. Jcome, Nicanor. Un modelo diferente de vinculacin al mercado mundial: el caso de Esmeraldas, Segundo encuentro de historia realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 3, p. 101-133. Examines the economic history of the province from the 1870s through the 1970s in the context of its relationships to the primary economic zone of the country (the central-south coast), and other countries. 5889. Jcome, Nicanor; and Vicente Martnez Fissau. La formacin del estrato popular de Esmeraldas en el contexto del desarrollo provincial, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 3:10/11 (1979), 89-143. 5890. Jaramillo, Marco. Diagnstico socio-econmico de la Provincia de Esmeraldas, [con la colaboracin de Carlos Chamorro A. et al.]. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980-1981. 3 v. (Coleccin Pendoleros; 37-39) Vols. [1-2] of this set are subtitled Propuesta and constituted propuestas de accin (perfiles de proyectos). Vol. [3] is of more immediate interest, constituting a detailed demographic, economic, and social diagnostic of the province as of 1975.

5891. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Esclavitud en la costa pacfica: Iscuand, Barbacoas, Tumaco y Esmeraldas, siglos XVI al XIX. Quito: Abya-Yala; Centro Afro-Ecuatoriano; Corporacin Ecuatoriana de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1990. 463, vii p. A cornucopia of semi-organized notes on demographic, economic, and social aspects of black slavery and the manumission of slaves in what are now southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. 5892. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Historia social de Esmeraldas: indios, negros, zambos, espaoles y mestizos del siglo XVI al XX. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1995-. <1> v. (440 p.) Also a somewhat eclectic potpourri of data, mostly archival in origin, for the reconstruction of the social history of the province rather than a social history per se. Vol. 1 covers persons whose last names end in A, B, or C. 5893. Kerr, Mark B. A Journey in Ecuador, National Geographic Magazine, 7:7 (July 1896), 238-245. The authors field notes on reconnaissance of the gold gravel areas of the Chachis. 5894. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Geographical Notes on Esmeraldas, Northwestern Ecuador, Geographical Review, 14:3 (July 1924), 373-387. 5895. Montao Torres, Valther Ernesto. Economa y produccin en la Provincia de Esmeraldas, 1 ed. Esmeraldas: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1982. 59 p. 5896. Phelan, John Leddy. The Road to Esmeraldas: the Failure of a Spanish Conquest in the Seventeenth Century, Essays in History and Literature Presented by Fellows of the Newberry Library to Stanley Pargellis, edited by Heins Bluhm (Chicago: Newberry Library, 1965), p. 91-107. An overview of attempts to open and reopen the road to Esmeraldas during the colonial period with an emphasis on those undertaken during the Morga years. A preliminary draft of chapter one of the authors The Kingdom of Quito (item 1470). 5897. Plan del camino al Ro Esmeraldas: segn observaciones astronmicas de Jorge Juan y Antonio de Ulloa, 1736-1742. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1942. 287 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 19) A major collection of primary sources regarding attempts to open the road to Esmeraldas. Includes materials from the early 1600s through the early 1800s, in no particular order, and an appendix by Mariano Surez Veintimilla on the history of the as of 1941 barely begun Quito-San Lorenzo railroad. 5898. Polticas agrarias, colonizacin y desarrollo rural en Ecuador: reflexiones sobre el proyecto de desarrollo rural integral Quininde-Malimpa-Nueva Jerusalem, Osvaldo Barksy [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones CEPLAES, 1982. 293 p. 5899. Schubert, Grace. To Be Black Is Offensive: Racist Attitudes in San Lorenzo, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 563-585.

Examines the labeling and usage of racial categories in a changing political economy. See also Schuberts larger study (item 5900). 5900. Schubert, Grace. Thats the Way It Is Here: An Ethnoscientific Approach to Racial Identity in San Lorenzo, Ecuador. 1979. xxii, 301 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison. A follow up as it were to Whittens earlier, pioneering study (item 5909). 5901. Speiser, Sabine. Leben ist mehr als Uberleben: Afroamerikanische Totenriten in Esmeraldas (Ekuador) und ihr Beitrag zur kulturellen Kontinuitt. Saarbrken: Breittenbach, 1989. 250 p. The authors doctoral dissertation (Universitt Regensburg). A study of religious beliefs and practices, including Voodooism, among Afro-Ecuadorians. 5902. Speiser, Sabine. Sklaverei in Ekuador: eine Geschichte hinterlt ihre Spuren, Slavery in the Americas, edited by Wolfgang Binder (Wrzburg: Knigshausen and Neumann, 1993), p. 365-388. Sketches the history of Afro-Ecuadorians in Esmeraldas. Pieced together from a variety of published materials, but overlooks the basic Documentos para la historia de la Audiencia de Quito (item 1375). 5903. Speiser, Sabine. Tradiciones afro-esmeraldeas. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 55 p. 5904. Szszdi, Adm. El transfondo de un cuadro: Los mulatos de Esmeraldas de Andrs Snchez Galque, Cuadernos prehispnicos, 12 (1986-1987), 93-142. As of July 1997, the most detailed study of the history of the north coast during the early colonial period. Based almost entirely on original research in the Archivo General de Indias. 5905. Thomsen, Moritz. The Farm on the River Esmeraldas. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978. 329 p. The sequel to Living Poor (item 5906). After his Peace Corps experience, Thomsen settled in rural Esmeraldas. 5906. Thomsen, Moritz. Living Poor: A Peace Corps Chronicle. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1969. ix, 314 p. An exceptionally sensitive account of a former volunteers field experience in and around Ro Verde (also sometimes written Rioverde) in the Canton of Esmeraldas. Beautifully written. Also published as: Meat Is for Special Days: Pride and Poverty in a Village in Ecuador. London: Souvenir Press, 1971. 5907. Villalba F., Jorge. Contribucin de los jesuitas a la apertura del camino a Esmeraldas: 1644, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 22-42. 5908. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Black Frontiersmen: A South American Case. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1974. xvii, 221 p.

Supplements items 5909. This work, however, is broader in scope inasmuch as it examines Afro-Hispanic culture throughout the Pacific lowlands of northern Ecuador and Colombia. Nonetheless, it incorporates the results of additional field research undertaken in San Lorenzo in 1968. Also published in Spanish as: Pioneros negros: la cultura afro-latinoamericana del Ecuador y de Colombia. Quito: Centro Cultural Afro-Ecuatoriano, 1992. xxii, 252 p. 5909. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Class, Kinship, and Power in an Ecuadorian Town: The Negroes of San Lorenzo. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1965. viii, 238 p. An important ethnographic study that is well worth reading, notwithstanding the anthropological jargon in which it is written. Based on the authors doctoral dissertation: An Analysis of Social Structure and Change: Profile of a Northwest Ecuadorian Town. 1964. xv, 347 leaves. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Also published in Spanish as: Clase, parentesco y poder en un pueblo ecuatoriano : los negros de San Lorenzo. Quito: Centro Cultural Afroecuatoriano, 1997. 248 p. 5910. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. The Ecology of Race Relations in Northwest Ecuador, Journal de la Socit des amricanistes, 58 (1969), 222-233. Also published in Spanish as: Ecologa de las relaciones raciales al noreste del Ecuador, Amrica indgena, 30:2 (abr./jun. 1970), 345-358. 5911. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Personal Networks and Musical Contexts in the Pacific Lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador, Afro-American Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Norman E. Whitten, Jr. and John F. Szwed (New York: The Free Press, 1970), p. 203-217. Reprinted from: Man, 3:1 (Mar. 1968), 50-63. 5912. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Strategies of Adaptive Mobility in the ColombianEcuadorian Littoral, Afro-American Anthropology: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Norman E. Whitten, Jr. and John F. Szwed (New York: The Free Press, 1970), p. 329-344. Reprinted from: American Anthropologist, 71:2 (Apr. 1969), 228-242.

CENTRAL AND SOUTH COAST

5913. Acosta Sols, Misael. Vistazo desde Quito a la costa manabita siguiendo el antiguo sendero de Aloag y Chone y Baha de Carquez, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 18 (1983), 30-39. 5914. Alsedo y Herrera, Dionisio. Compendio histrico de la Provincia, partidos, ciudades, astilleros, ros, y puerto de Guayaquil en las costas de la Mar del Sur. Madrid: M. Fernndez, 1741, [32], 99 p. A major early-eighteenth-century account of the port city and its province. Includes the earliest known map of Santiago de Guayaquil. Although some scholars, apparently including Aurelio Espinosa Plit as well as Manuel Mara Plit Laso, attribute this work to Jacinto Morn de Butrn, a guayaquileo, a Jesuit, and the author of La azucena de Quito (item 3417), I do not

doubt that Alsedo y Herrera wrote it himself inasmuch as he was a competent and prolific scholar in his own right. It is possible, however, that Alsedo y Herrera made use of material provided by Morn de Butrn. N.B. The 1879, 1938, and 1987 Guayaquil editions of this work should be avoided as they are not wholly faithful to Alsedo, the editors and/or printers not having transcribed the original typeface correctly in every instance. The photofacismile reprint (Madrid: Tip. Clsica Espaola, 1946), unfortunately, is as rare, if not rarer than, the original edition, having been issued in only 100 copies. 5915. Alvarez, Silvia G. Artesanas y tradicin tnica en la Pennsula de Santa Elena, Artesanas de Amrica (Cuenca), 25 (dic. 1987), 45-119. 5916. Alvarez, Silvia G. Los comuneros de Santa Elena: tierra, familia y propiedad. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 175 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 34) An ethnohistorical study of the communes or Indian/mestizo communities of Chanduy, Morro, Chongn, Pun, Colonche, and Punta de Santa Elena. Strongest on the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. 5917. Alvarez, Silvia G. Recuperacin y defensa de territorio tnico: el caso de Chanduy en la costa del Ecuador, Boletn de antropologa americana, 15 (jul. 1987), 105-121. 5918. Alvarez, Silvia G. Recuperacin y defensa de territorio tnico en la costa ecuatoriana: el caso de la antigua comunidad indgena de Chanduy, en la Pennsula de Santa Elena, Boletn americanista, 30:38 (1988), 117-139. 5919. Andrade, Manuel de Jess. Provincia de El Oro: monografas cantonales: Zaruma. Quito: Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1923. 144 p. Primarily a history of the Canton of Zaruma. 5920. Apuntes para la historia de Manab. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Museo Antropolgico, 1987. 32 p. Includes research notes by Julio Estrada Ycaza, Olaf Holm, and Octavio Latorre. 5921. Aruz, Maritza. El mestizje en las sociedades rurales en la costa ecuatoriana: Montecristi y Jipijapa, Quitumbe, 9 (jun. 1995), 37-54. A preliminary study of utilization of petitions of declaration of mestizje to escape payment of tribute and to improve ones socioeconomic status in other ways too, by individuals who were apparently members of the native elite of Montecristi and Jipijpapa, regardless of the mixed nature of their biological ancestors. N.B. Montecristi (not modern Manta) is the successor pueblo to prehispanic Jocoy and therefore early-colonial period Manta. 5922. Arosemena, Guillermo. El fruto de los dioses: el cacao en el Ecuador, desde la colonia hasta el ocaso de su industria, 1600-1983, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. Graba, 1991. 2 v. (855 p.) Although Arosemena is not a professional historian, he adds chronologically and substantively to the history of the cacao trade and brings an entrepreneurs perspective to the discussion of the

role of cacao in the history of Ecuador, especially of the coast and the port city, in this basic work. Furthermore, Arosemena himself has had first hand experience in the trade. 5923. Autos sobre nombramientos de tenientes de corregidores, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:3 (jun. 1973), 127-142. Publishes official appointments of lieutenant corregidores from 1579-1603. 5924. Ayala S., Jorge. Pennsula de Santa Elena. Santa Elena: Municipalidad del Cantn Santa Elena, 1978. 183 p. 5925. Balslev, Henrik; Jens Madsen; and Robert L. Mix. Las plantas y el hombre en Isla Pun. Guayaquil: Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte; Museo Antropolgico, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 67 p. An ethobotanical study. 5926. Barrera, Angel T. Apuntes respecto del Cantn Vinces. Quito: Impr. Nacional 1908. 33 p. 5927. Bengston, Nels A. Some Essential Features of the Geography of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 14:3 (Sept. 1924), 150-158. 5928. Bogin, Barry. Climate Change and Human Behavior on the Southwest Coast of Ecuador, Central Issues in Anthropology, 4:1 (June 1982), 21-32. 5929. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. Economic and Ecological Strategies of Lojano Migrants to El Oro, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 303-326. A study of spontaneous migration of lojanos, possibly a submerged ethnic [i.e., indigenous] group and the largest group of migrants in El Oro, to the previously sparsely populated foothills of the province. 5930. Buchwald, Otto von. Notas etnolgicas del Ecuador occidental, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 4:11 (mayo/abr. 1920), 285-293. 5931. Caicedo, Emiliano. Apuntes histricos, geogrficos, biogrficos y estadsticos del Cantn Daule, 3 ed., corr., aum. e ilus. Guayaquil: Libr., Papelera y Tip. Gutenberg de Uzctegui & Ca., 1908. 90 p. Cover title: El Cantn Daule en la Exposicin Internacional de Quito con motivo del centenario del 10 de agosto de 1809. 5932. Campos, Jos Antonio. Historia documentada de la Provincia de Guayaquil, Cultura, 6:17 (sept./dic. 1983), 235-300. Selections from a work previously available only in manuscript. Based mostly on the actas de cabildo of the port city (item 6789). Beware the element of fiction, however. See also item 6737. 5933. Crdenas Jos Corsino. Ensayo histrico de la economa histrica. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1995. 208 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; 6)

A study of the cacao, banana, and petroleum cycles. Therefore, primarily an economic history of the central-south coast and of the Oriente. Unfortunately, poorly researched and superficial in analysis. 5934. Collin Delavaud, Anne. Manab, una regin costera marcada por su desarrollo original, Revista geogrfica, 25 (1987), 53-75. 5935. Contreras C., Carlos. Guayaquil y su regin en el primer boom cacaotero (17501820), Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 189-250. An abridgement of Contrerass masters thesis (item 5936). 5936. Contreras C., Carlos. El sector exportador de una economa colonial: la costa del Ecuador entre 1760 y 1830, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO, Sede Ecuador: Abya-Yala, 1990. 192 p. An original masters thesis on the export sector of the coast during the late colonial, independence, and Gran Colombian periods. Argues that the economy was less dependent upon cacao than other researchers, especially Hamerly (see item 5976), have maintained. Includes new data from the Archivo General Nacional of Peru. 5937. Chvez, Rodolfo A. Gua del Cantn Sucre en correlacin con Manab. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1947. 324 p. 5938. Chvez Gonzlez, Rodrigo. Estudios de idiosincrasia regional, Anales de la Universidad Central, 55:294 (oct./dic. 1934), 455-535. Should be read as a statement by a guayaquileo and an intellectual as to why costeos are the way they are and how they came to be that way. Reprinted in: Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas(item 7946), p. 291-373. 5939. Chvez Gonzlez, Rodrigo. Historia de la Provincia de El Oro desde la etapa aborigen. Machala: [s.n.], 1968. 82 p. 5940. Chiriboga, Manuel. Jornaleros y gran propietarios en 135 aos de exportacin cacaotera: 1790-1925. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Socio-Econmicos, 1980. 435 p. Takes up where Hamerly left off (see item 5976). A quantitative and qualitative study of the economic, social, and political history of the coast and of Guayaquil from the 1840s through the first half of the 1920s, with background chapters on related developments during the preceding half century and sidebars on what was happening in the highlands. An exceptionally important contribution to the history of the national period. Unfortunatey marred by many typographical errors. See also items 2388-2390. 5941. Chiriboga, Manuel; and Renato Piccino. La produccin campesina cacaotera: problemas y perspectivas. Cuenca: Centro de Capacitacin Campesina del Azuay: Quito: Centro de Arte y Accin Popular, 1982. 120 p. 5942. Datos geogrficos, histricos, estadsticos y biogrficos del Cantn Babahoyo, publicados por el ilustre Concejo Municipal para la Exposicin Internacional de Quito. Guayaquil: Imp. la Reforma, 1909. 73 p.

5943. De la Cuadra, Jos. El montuvio ecuatoriano: ensayo de presentacin. Buenos Aires: Ediciones IMAN, 1937. 92 p. The classic account of the origins and life style of the rural inhabitants of the Guayas River Basin. Reprinted in the authors: Obras completas (Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958), p. 863-908; and in: Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 245-290. Also: Quito: Libresa; Universidad Andina Simn Bolvar, Sede Ecuador, 1996. The latter includes an Ensayo de presentacin by Humberto E. Robles. See also Robless Testimonio y tendencia mtica en la obra de Jos de la Cuadra. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1976. 264 p. A revision of Robless doctoral dissertation done at Northwestern University. 5944. Degen, Peter. Giftfischerei mit Barbasco in den Mangrove-smfen des Golfes von Guayaquil, Ecuador, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opla-den: Westdeutschler Verlag, 1990), p. 164-182. 5945. Descripcin de la Gobernacin de Guayaquil (1605), Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:4 (dic. 1973), 55-93. A new transcription by Yolanda Araujo Urrea and Juan Freile Granizo with explanatory notes by Julio Estrada Ycaza of the relacin geogrfica originally published in Coleccin de documentos inditos relativos al descubrimiento, conquista organizacin de las antiguas posesiones espaolas en Amrica y Oceana, vol. 9 (Madrid, 1868), p. 247-309. An important early seventeenth-century account, now known to have been compiled circa 1608 (see item 1520). 5946. Destruge, Camilo. El Cantn Yaguachi: pginas histricas. Guayaquil: Tip. y Papelera de Julio T. Foyain, 1920. 60 p. 5947. Destruge, Camilo. El faro de Santa Clara, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:56 (abr. 1916), 120-126. The history of the first lighthouse in Ecuador. Constructed in 1842. 5948. Destruge, Camilo. El pirata del Guayas, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 1:10 (dic. 1910), 145-153; 2:11 (ene. 1911), 161-165. The story of Manuel Briones, an infamous pirate, who helped defeat the filibustering expedition of 1852. 5949. Diagnstico socio-econmico integrado de las Provincias de El Oro y Loja: estudio actualizado. Quito: PREDESUR, 1976. 250 p. 5950. Donoso, Jos Alberto. Notas de viaje. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1933. 1 v. Apparently only vol. 1, Manab, was published. 5951. Dueas de Anhalzer, Carmen. Historia econmica y social de Manab. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 140 p.

A licentiate thesis on the social and economic history of northern Manab, especially of Baha de Carquez and its hinterland, from the eve of the Spanish conquest through the early twentieth century. 5952. Dueas de Anhalzer, Carmen. Soberana e insurreccin en Manab. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1991. 146 p. The authors masters thesis. In this work, she focuses on the nineteenth century and took in the whole of the province. For her doctoral dissertation see item 1651. 5953. Ecuador, visin global del desarrollo de la costa, direccin y redaccin, Washington Macas, Emilio Ochoa. Guayaquil: Fundacin Pedro Vicente Maldonado para las Ciencias del Hombre y de la Tierra: PMRC Ecuador, 1989. 233 p. A survey of the economic history of the coast from the Formative period through the 1980s. 5954. Ernholm, Ivan. Cacao Production of South America: Historical Development and Present Geographical Distribution. Gothenburg: C.R. Holmqvists, 1948. 279 p. A classic work. Still useful for placing the cacao trade of the coast in global context. 5955. Espinosa, Roque. Parentesco y reproduccin en Manab: el caso de Membrillal. Quito: Fundacin Ecolgica Ecuatoriana: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1990. 221 p. A social and economic study of the rural community of San Antonio de Membrillal. 5956. Espinoza, Leonardo; and Ivn Gonzlez. Visin histrica del Cantn y de la ciudad de La Troncal, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 7 (1987), 63-81. An essay on the emergence of the Canton of La Troncal (1983), formerly part of Manuel J. Calle, itself originally a rural parish in the Canton of Caar. Also discusses the rivalry and boundary dispute with the simultaneously established neighboring Canton of El Triunfo in the Province of Guayas. 5957. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Apuntes de don Clemente Yerovi Indaburu sobre la navegacin fluvial, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 1 (dic. 1986), 69-82. 5958. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Extracto de noticias sobre navegacin en los peridicos del siglo XIX: 1821-1860, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 6 (jun. 1989), 69-76. 5959. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Extracto de noticias sobre navegacin en los peridicos del siglo XIX: 1861-1900, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 10 (jul. 1991), 97-116. 5960. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El siglo de los vapores fluviales, 1840-1940, Revista del Instituto de Historia Martima, 8 (jun. 1990), 47-63. 5961. Estrada Ycaza, Julio; and Clemente Yerovi Indaburu. El siglo de los vapores fluviales, 1840-1940. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1992. xv, 287 p. A well written and illustrated history of the steamboats that plied the Guayas River Basin and the coastal waters of Ecuador. A delight to read. Replete with the vignettes that only an insider like Yerovi Indaburu could recount. Incorporates items 5957-5960.

5962. Fauroux, Emmanuel. Cambios en los sistemas de producciones en la costa ecuatoriana, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 4:14 (1982), 87-110. 5963. Fletcher, Merma Irene. Balsa Industry of Ecuador, Economic Geography, 25:1 (Jan. 1949), 47-54. 5964. Flores, Carlos Alberto. Panoramas y otros tpicos. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1939. 406 p. Rich in geographical and historical data on rural cantons and parishes of the Province of Guayas. 5965. Flores, Carlos Alberto. Pueblos y paisajes del Guayas y el Morro y su comarca. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1953. 191 p. Posthumously published. A treasure trove of local data. Both items 5964 and 5965 include texts of documents from local archives and private hands, the originals of some of which no longer exist. 5966. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Relacin indita de la Ciudad y Provincia de Guayaquil. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1925. lv, 10 p. (Antiguallas histricas de la colonia; II) The first publication of Juan Antonio Zelaya y Vergaras Estado de la Provincia de Guayaquil (1765). Preceded by a substantial introduction. For a modern transcription see item 6066. 5967. Foster, Alice. The Guayaquil Lowland, Journal of Geography, 3:5 (Sept./Oct. 1938), 213-226. 5968. La Gestin tecnolgica en la pequea industria de minerales no metlicos del Guayas: informe de investigacin, Centro de Desarrollo de la Pequea y Mediana Industria. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Socio Econmicas y Tecnolgicas, 1984. 2, 2, 3, 75, 4 leaves. 5969. Gladhart, Peter Michael. Capital Formation on the Ecuadorian Frontier: Study of Human Investment and Modernization in the Riobambeos Cooperative. Ithaca, N.Y.: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 1972. ii, 73 p. A study of an agricultural cooperative in Santo Domingo de los Colorados. 5970. Guerrero, Rafael. La formacin del capital industrial en la Provincia del Guayas, 1900-1925, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 3:10/11 (1979), 58-88. 5971. Guerrero, Rafael. Los ingenios en el desarrollo del capitalismo en el Ecuador, 19001954, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 1, p. 527-594. A detailed study of the production and processing of cane sugar during the first half of the twentieth century, especially Valdz and San Carlos plantations and mills. Well documented. A major contribution to the history of the Canton of Milagro and of commercial agriculture on the coast.

5972. Guevara, Manuel de. Informe de don Manuel de Guevara sobre el fomento de la agricultura en la Provincia de Guayaquil: ao 1785, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 8 (1989), 140-159. 5973. Hall, Basil. Extracts from a Journal Written on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and Mexico, in the years 1820, 1821, 1822, 3rd ed. Edinburgh: A. Constable, 1824. 2 v. Hall (1788-1844) spent some time in and around Guayaquil in late 1821 and early 1822 (see especially vol. 2, p. 105-143). Available in numerous editions and modern reprints. Also translated into French in whole and Spanish in part: e.g., Una descripcin indita de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas,8:18/20 (1950), 45-54. 5974. Hamerly, Michael T. Acotaciones a Documentos inditos sobre e impresos raros de la Sociedad Econmica de Amigos del Pas, de Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 3-12. Supplements item 5975. 5975. Hamerly, Michael T. Documentos inditos sobre e impresos raros de la Sociedad Econmica de Amigos del Pas, de Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1970), 3-56. Consists of research notes on and primary sources for the reconstruction of the history of the little known Sociedad Econmica de Amigos del Pas de Guayaquil. 5976. Hamerly, Michael T. Historia social y econmica de la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, 1763-1842, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1973. xx, 212 p. A revision of authors Ph.D. thesis: A Social and Economic History of the City and District of Guayaquil during the Late Colonial and Independence Periods. 1970. 274 leaves. University of Florida. The path breaking demographic, economic, and social history of the port city and its province during the neocolonial period. Reissued in an unauthorized: 2 ed., corr. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1987. xviii, 216 p. N.B. Not all of the corrections are those of the author. 5977. Hidrovo Peaherrera, Horacio. Esperanza y desesperanza del montubio manabita. Portoviejo: Grf. Ramrez, 1991. 151 p. 5978. La Identidad de Manab: realidad actual y perspctivas, seminario organizado por la Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, CORDES, y la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manab, ULEAM, del 14 al 17 de diciembre del 1992, 1 ed. Quito: CORDES; Portoviejo: ULEAM, 1993. 281 p. 5979. Instituto Nacional de Colonizacin (Ecuador). Primer plan piloto de colonizacin Santo Domingo de los Colorados: proyecto preliminar. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Colonizacin, 1958. ii, 264 p. 5980. Investigacin documental sobre la formacin poltico-administrativo y otros documentos socioeconmicos de la Provincia de El Oro, Ral Mrquez Bararatta [recopilador]. Machala: Universidad Tcnica de Machala, Facultad de Sociologa, Departamento de Investigaciones Socioeconmicas, 1984. 266 p.

A compendium of sources on administrative history of and public works in the Province of El Oro. 5981. Jerves, Alfonso A. El litoral ecuatoriano, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 17-27, 83-93; 3:3 (1933), 101-126. A fascinating study in historical geography. The littoral in the 1520s and 1530s, as it was perceived and described by chroniclers of the discovery and conquest of the Perus. Unfortunately Jerves does not seem to have completed this study. 5982. Klumpp, Kathleen M. Una tejedora en Manab, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 77-88. A comparative study of traditional spinning and weaving in late- twentieth-century Manab and in pre-Hispanic times. The author finds many similarities between techniques used in Zapote, a rural community, and those employed at La Tolita / Tumaco. 5983. Lang, Norris G. Tradition and Transformation in the Industrialization of an Ecuadorean Sugar Plantation. 1969. vi, 351 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. A history of the sugar plantation and mill of San Pablo. 5984. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. El estanco del tabaco en Guayaquil, Temas americanistas, 5 (1985), 21-32. 5985. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII: recursos naturales y desarrollo econmico. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1987. xviii, 428 p. A major work on the former Province of Guayaquil in the 1700s. Especially concerned with the geography of the period, the state and movement of the population, and economic developments. Adds considerable archival data, especially from the Archivo General de Indias, to Hamerlys earlier work (item 5975). 5986. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Organizacin y funcionamiento de las Cajas Reales de Guayaquil en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, Anuario de estudios americanos, 37 (1980), 313-349. A well documented monograph on Royal Treasury of Guayaquil from its reorganization in 1757 through 1804. Includes new data on Sarratea's and Pizarros visitas and local resistance to the establishment of the tobacco and aguardiente monopolies in 1778. 5987. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Problemas metodolgicos en el estudio de la real hacienda: ingreso bruto e ingreso neto en las Cajas de Guayaquil (1757-1804), Historia econmica de Amrica Latina, editor general, Jorge Nuez Snchez (Quito: Editora Nacional, Secretara Nacional de Comunicacin Social, 1992), p. 3-20. (Coleccin nuestra patria es Amrica; vol. 7) A preview of the authors long since announced but as of Dec. 2000, not yet published: La Real Hacienda de Guayaquil, 1757-1804.

See also Lavianas Comercio y fisco: los productos de la aduana de Guayaquil (17571804), Europa e Iberoamrica: cinco siglos de intercambios: actas, IX Congreso Internacional de Historia de Amrica (Sevilla: Asociacin de Historiadores Latinoamericanos Europeos [AHILA]; Consejera de Cultura y Medio Ambiente [Junta de Andaluca], 1992), vol. 2, p. 599615. 5988. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Un proceso por brujera en la costa ecuatoriana a fines del siglo XVIII: la Punta de Santa Elena, 1784-1787, Anuario de estudios americanos, 46 (1989), 93-129. An analysis of an investigation of witches, sorcerers, and native healers in the Peninsula of Santa Elena. Demonstrates that many indigenous beliefs and practices persisted long after the ethnic groups of the littoral were supposed to have been fully evangelized, at least as late as the 1780s when the pesquiza, on which this study is based, took place. Also published as: Brujera, curanderismo y religin en la Pennsula de Santa Elena a fines del siglo XVIII in: Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa (1: 1993: Barcelona, Espaa). Primer Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa: arqueologa, etnohistoria, antropologa sociocultural, [edicin de] Alvarez, Aurelio [et al.], 1 ed. (Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1995) p. 399-432, bibl. 5989. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Las salinas de la Peninsula de Santa Elena en el siglo XVIII, Estudios de historia social y econmica de Amrica, 1 (1985), 91-110. 5990. Lentz, Carola. Buscando la vida: trabajadores temporales de una plantacin de azcar. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 204 p. Originally published in German as: Saisonarbeiter auf einer Zuckerrohrplantge in Ecuador: buscando la vida ... auf der Suche nach dem Leben. Aachen: Edition Heordot/Rader-Verlag, 1986. 142 p. A study of seasonal workers in sugarcane production from the 1950s through the early 1980s. Not surprisingly the overwhelmingly majority of migrant laborers were/are Indians from the highlands. 5991. Lenz-Volland, Birgit; and Martin Volland. Algunas noticias acerca de los caciques de Daule durante el siglo XVII: estudio preliminar, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 189-200. 5992. Lenz-Volland, Birgit; and Martin Volland. Distribucin geogrfica y tcnicas de la pesca en la costa ecuatoriana durante el perodo colonial, Contribuciones para el estudio de la pesca artesanal en Amrica Latina: Proceedings of the Mini-Symposium on Small-Scale Fisheries of the 46th International Congress of Americanists, 4-8 July 1988, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, edited by Max Agero (Manila: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1992), p. 92-113. 5993. Lenz-Volland, Birgit; and Martin Volland. Indianische Meersalzproduktion im kolonialzeitlichen Ecuador, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opladen: Westdeutschler Verlag, 1990), p. 86-112. 5994. Leonard, Olen E. Pichilingue: A Study of Rural Life in Coastal Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations, 1947. 35 p. (Foreign Agriculture Report; no. 17)

The first ethnographic study of a community in the coastal lowlands. 5995. El Libro primero de matrimonios de la Iglesia de Santa Catalina de Colonche (APCo/M1), [transcrito con una introduccin por] Juan Castro y Velzquez, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 25:42 (1975), 317-377. 5996. Lock, Peter. Kakao in Ekuador, Zeitschrift fr Lateinamerika Wien, 38/39 (1990), 735. 5997. Loor, Wilfrido. Los espaoles en Manab. Portoviejo: Tall. Tip. de Diario Manabita, 1935. 63 p. Items 5997-6003 are by an attorney and hacendado turned historian and publisher who had access to many local sources and put them to good use for the most part in this series of studies on the history of his native Manab. On item 5997, see the annotations under items 1325 and 6000. 5998. Loor, Wilfrido. Gobernadores de Manab y mandatarios de Guayaquil, 1822-1845. Portoviejo: Edit. Gregorio, 1977. 119 p. A regime by regime account of the governors of the Province of Manab during the Gran Colombian years and the early national period. It will be recalled that Manab continued to be subordinated to Guayaquil through 1861, when the departmental system was abolished. 5999. Loor, Wilfrido. Manab desde 1822. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1969. 366 p. A history of the establishment, territorial limits, and vicissitudes of the internal divisions of the province, canton by canton, and civil parish by civil parish. Includes chapters on the creation and erection of the diocese of Portoviejo (1869-1871), on the results of various nineteenth- and twentieth-century censuses of the population, and on the history of the communal lands of Jipijapa before and after independence. 6000. Loor, Wilfrido. Manab, prehistoria y conquista. Quito: Edit. La Salle, 1956. 312 p. Reprints: Los indios de Manab (item 1015) and La conquista de Quito (item 1325), the latter of which incorporated his Los espaoles en Manab (item 5997). 6001. Loor, Wilfrido. Narraciones histricas de Manab. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1934. 180 p. An anthology of essays on various aspects of the history of Manab in the nineteenth century. 6002. Loor, Wilfrido. La revolucin de 1884 en Manab. Quito: Tip. de la Prensa Catlica, 1929. 148 p. 6003. Loor, Wilfrido. La tierra manabita, 1763-1806. Portoviejo: Consejo Municipal de Portoviejo, [1939?]. 50 p. 6004. Lpez R., Fernando. Nacimiento de una regin: propuesta de historia econmica y social de Santo Domingo de los Colorados entre 1860 y 1960. Quito: I. Municipalidad de Santo Domingo, 1992. 265 p. Includes many documents relating to land grants and colonization. See also item 6058.

6005. Madero Moreira, Mauro. La Provincia de El Oro en 1934. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1934. 1 v. (not paginated) 6006. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Geografa del Cantn Daule. Guayaquil: Impr. Progreso, 1911. viii, 32 p. 6007. McEwan, Colin; C. Hudson; and Mara Isabel Silva. Archaeology and Community: a Village Cultural Center and Museum in Ecuador, Practicing Anthropology, 16:1 (Winter 1994), 3-7. Examines the impact of the creation of Machalilla National Park on Agua Blanca in Manab and the interaction between the community and the park. See also item 3857. 6008. Mendoza, Virgilio J. Monografa descriptiva de la Provincia de El Oro. Cuenca: Publisher, 1946. 144 p. Supposed to have been a multi-part set, but this was the only vol. published. 6009. Muoz, Julio H. Geopoltica de la Provincia de Los Ros y del estado ecuatoriano. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1935. 310 p. 6010. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Monografa histrica e ilustrada del Cantn Daule. Guayaquil: Impr. Comercial, 1931. 216 p. 6011. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Monografa histrica e ilustrada del Cantn Jipijapa. Guayaquil: Impr. Guayaquil, 1933. 212 p. 6012. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Monografa histrica e ilustrada del Cantn Urdaneta. Guayaquil: Tip. Excelsior, 1919. 127 p. 6013. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Monografa histrica e ilustrada del Cantn Vinces. Guayaquil: Impr. Guayaquil, 1924. 120 p. Items 6010-6013 are exceptionally important, profusely illustrated accounts of local developments and events of the late-nineteenth and early- twentieth centuries in the Provinces of El Oro, Guayas, Los Ros, and Manab. See also the authors Monografa histrica e ilustrada de la Parroqua de Manglaralto (Guayaquil: Impr. y Lit. El Comercio, 1923; 77 p.). Navas V. is also known to have published monografas histricas e ilustradas of the Province of Manab (1933) and the Canton of Santa Elena (1927), but I have been unable to flesh out their bibliographic particulars. 6014. Ojeda Segovia, Lautaro. Estructura productiva y micro-oligarqua durante la poca cacaotera: el caso de Milagro, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 3:10/11 (1979), 11-28. 6015. Paniaga Prez, Jess. Estudio de algunas cofradas de la jurisdiccin de Guayaquil, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 9 (1992), 75-92. An admittedly sketchy study of urban and rural cofradas in the district of Guayaquil during the late 1700s and early 1800s. Based on research in the Archivo de la Curia Arzobispal de Cuenca and Laviana Cuetoss Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII (item 5985). Does not take into account Huertas indispensable Las cofradas guayaquileas (item 6807).

6016. Paredes Ramrez, Willington. Economa y sociedad en la costa: siglo XIX, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 103-139. Sketches economic and social developments in the former Province of Guayaquil and its successor provinces during the nineteenth century. 6017. Parsons, James J. Bananas in Ecuador: A New Chapter in the History of Tropical Agriculture, Economic Geography, 33:3 (July 1957), 201-216. 6018. Parsons, James J. Changes in the Economic Geography of Banana Production in Ecuador, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 37 (Dec. 1965), 77-90. 6019. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Los asentamientos de Colonche a travs de un juicio de jurisdiccin, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 141-182. 6020. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Los Cayche-Chonana: principes, caciques principales y seores naturales de Daule, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11:27 (1961), 91-104. Contains some useful information but mixes facts with fiction. 6021. Perfil socioeconmico de la Provincia de El Oro. Machala: Universidad Tcnica de Machala, Facultad de Sociologa, 1979. 193 p. 6022. Per. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. La ocupacin de la Provincia de El Oro por las fuerzas peruanas. Lima: El Ministerio, 1941. 19 p. 6023. Phillips, Lynne P. Co-operatives and Agrarian Transitions in Coastal Ecuador: Implications for Neo-Liberalism, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 30:4 (Nov. 1993), 429-450. Examines agricultural cooperatives in the Guayas River Basin in transition to and within capitalism. Maintains that the neoliberal policies of late-twentieth-century administrations failed to provide solutions to the needs of cooperatives. 6024. Phillips, Lynne P. Gender, Class and Cultural Politics: A Case Study of Rural Vinces, Ecuador. 1985. 220 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto. 6025. Phillips, Lynne P. Gender, Class and Development in Rural Coastal Ecuador. Notre Dame, Ind.: The Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, 1985. 46 p. 6026. Phillips, Lynne P. Gender Dynamics and Rural Household Strategies, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 26:2 (May 1989), 294-310. A study of gender relationships in peasant, capitalist, and proletariat households in Vinces. 6027. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Algunas riquezas del litoral vislumbradas en el primer siglo colonial, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 31:43 (dic. 1981), 105-113. 6028. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Los esclavos de hace un siglo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 1:1 (ene. 1951), 61-66.

6029. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El gobernador del Guayas de 1862-64: (arreglo de un captulo de la biografa indita del doctor Vicente Piedrahita), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 51-88. Apparently Pimentel Carbo never completed his biography of Piedrahita. 6030. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. La primera galera sudamericana construyse en Pun en el siglo XVI, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 49-54. 6031. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El ltimo corregidor de Portoviejo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 20:37 (1970), 254-262. At head of title: Trozos de historia colonial. The last corregidor of Portoviejo was Pedro Gonzlez. 6032. Pineo, Ronn. Guayaquil y su regin en el segundo boom cacaotero (1870-1925), Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 251-294. A prcis of Pineos book on the port city and its hinterland during the second cacao boom (item 6859). 6033. Quintana M., Lisandro. Monografa del Cantn Quevedo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 285 p. 6034. Quintana M., Manuel E. Los Ros, 2 ed., aum. y corr. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1956. 333 p. The first edition was entitled: Monografa y album de Los Ros. Guayaquil: Reed and Reed, 1937. 348 p 6035. Redclift, Michael R. Agrarian Reform and Peasant Organisation in the Guayas Basin, Ecuador, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 30:1 (Summer 1976), 3-27. Interestingly enough Redclift argues that pressures for agrarian reform on the coast did not come from below but from above, especially the Agency for International Development, a thesis he expands upon in item 7815. 6036. Redclift, Michael R. Agrarian Reform and Peasant Organization on the Ecuadorian Coast, Inter-American Economic Affairs, 30:1 (Summer 1976), 3-27. Examines termination of sharecropping for rice in the Guayas Basin by executive decree and the development of ex-sharecropper cooperatives aided by the government. 6037. Redclift, Michael R. Agrarian Reform and Peasant Organization on the Ecuadorian Coast. London: Athlone Press, 1978. xi, 186 p. A well researched and thoughtful introduction to economic and social conditions and developments in the Guayas River Basin from the late- nineteenth century through the mid1970s. Not all scholars, however, agree with Redclifts interpretation of the course of events. 6038. Redclift, Michael R. El papel de las cooperativas agrcolas en la transformacin del campesinado de la Cuenca del Guayas, Ecuador, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 3:10/11 (1979), 89-143.

6039. Relaciones geogrficas de la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, [transcritas con una introduccin] por Michael T. Hamerly, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:8 (dic. 1975), 73-108. Publishes estadsticas of the civil/ecclesiastical Parishes of Yaguachi, Samborondn, Taura, Chongn, Naranjal, the Astillero (Guayaquil), Balao, Pun, and Machala compiled in 1846. What were then the townships of Yaguachi, Samborondn, Naranjal, and Machala are now cantons. 6040. Relaciones histricas y geogrficas de Manab, [recopiladas] por Temstocles J. Estrada. Guayaquil: Tall. de la Opinin Pblica, 1930-1942. 9 v. The printer varies; the publisher was Estrada himself. A compendium of primary sources and travel accounts. Not well edited but indicative of the materials available. 6041. Requena, Francisco. La descripcin de Guayaquil, [estudio preliminar y edicin de] Mara Luisa Laviana Cuetos. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1984. xii, 132 p. Reprint; originally published in: Historiografa y bibliografa americanistas, 26 (1982), 3134. The definitive version of a detailed, well informed 1774 description of Guayaquil and its province. Requenas Descripcin was first published in abridgement with additional data by someone familiar with subsequent developments in the port city and its district, perhaps Requena himself, as Provincia de Guayaquil in: El Viagero universal, o, Noticia del mundo antiguo y nuevo, obra compuesta en francs por Mr. de Laporte y recopilada de los mejores viajeros por D.P.S.P. (Madrid: Impr. de Villapando, 1779), vol. 22, p. 324-378; vol. 23, p. 5-29. 6042. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Autoridades coloniales: tenientes de corregidores y de gobernadores de la antigua Provincia de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 13:31/32 (1962), 11-23. 6043. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Campesinado e inundaciones, Ecuador debate, 2 (abr. 1983), 21-57. 6044. Santo Domingo de los Colorados, a New Pioneer Zone in Ecuador, A. L. Burt [et al.], Economic Geography, 36:3 (July 1960), 221-230. 6045. Silverman, Marilyn. Agrarian Processes within Plantation Economiess: Cases from Guyana and Coastal Ecuador, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 24:4 (Nov. 1987), 550-570. 6046. Silverman, Marilyn. Plan de investigacin para el anlisis de la produccin bananera en la costa ecuatoriana, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 279-313. Outlines plan for the comparative study of the history of banana production on the coast and in Guyana, some of the results of which are reported here within and in item 6045. Among other important issues, Silverman raises that of definition of terms such as peasant. 6047. Sobre los tributos de los indios de Yaguachi (1579), Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:1 (primer semestre 1972), 70-97.

Transcribed by Juan Freile Granizo with notes by Julio Estrada Ycaza. An exceptionally important source for the reconstruction of the ethnohistory and historical demography of the coast. Includes the results of the Toledo visita for several, apparently long since extinct, Chono(?) pueblos in the vicinity of what is now Yaguachi Viejo. 6048. Stothert, Karen; and Jane Parker. El tejido de una alforja en la Peninsula de Santa Elena, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 141-160. 6049. Szszdi, Adm. Don Diego Tomal, cacique de la isla de la Pun, Estudios sobre poltica indigenista espaola en Amrica (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, Seminario de Historia de Amrica, 1977), vol. 3, 157-182. 6050. Szszdi, Adm. Don Diego Tomal, cacique de la isla de la Pun: un caso de aculturacin socioeconmica, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Museo Antropolgico, 1988. 42 p. An ethnohistorical study of the caciques Diego, Francisco, and Lorenzo Tomal, the son, grandson, and great grandson of Tumbal, the lord of the Punes, who allied with the Spaniards against the Incas. 6051. Szszdi, Adm; and Dora Len Borja. Reconstruccin tentativa de la hidrografa de la Provincia de Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII, Anuario de estudios americanos, 32 (1975), 447-483. A major contribution to the historical geography of the coast. 6052. Terry, Adrian Russell. Travels in the Equatorial Regions of South America in 1832. Hartford: Cooke & Co., 1834. 290 p. The author, a Connecticut physician, spent six months in Ecuador, mostly in and around Guayaquil, as the heavy rains of 1832 precluded travel to Quito and the highlands. Also published in Spanish as: Viajes por la regin ecuatorial de Amrica del Sur. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 225 p. 6053. Thyssen, Sophia. Balsas: Zur Geschichte der Holzfle an der ecuadorianischen Kste, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opladen: Westdeutschler Verlag, 1990), p. 113-163. 6054. Thyssen, Sophia; and Martin Volland. Fischfanggerate und Techniken der Kleinfischere an der Kste von Ecuador. Bonn: Holos, 1990. xi, 278 p. 6055. Uggen, John Forrest. Peasant Mobilization in Ecuador: A Case Study of Guayas Province. 1975. xiii, 290 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Miami. A study of land tenure and peasant movements in and around Milagro and Yaguachi from the mid 1950s through the first half of the 1970s. Published in Spanish as: Tenencia de la tierra y movilizaciones campesinas: zona de Milagro. Quito: ACLAS, 1990. 126 p. 6056. Ulloa S., Armando Gonzalo. El cultivo del algodonero, el crdito y la organizacin ejidal colectiva en la Comarca Lagunera. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio del Tesoro, 1945. 270 p.

6057. Velarde S., Patricio Santo Domingo de los Colorados y el espacio nacional (18601960): desarrollo regional y crecimiento urbano. Quito: CIUDAD, 1991. 127 p. Cover title: Aislamiento e integracin. 6058. Vliz Heredia, Antonio. Baba, Babahoyo: su origen colonial, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 155-158. 6059. Vliz Heredia, Antonio. Compendio histrico del Cantn Vinces, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 8:18/20 (1950), 97-104. 6060. Vliz Heredia, Antonio. Huancavilca, Guayaquil y Ro Guayas, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 100-106. 6061. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. Geohistoria y geopoltica de Guayaquil y su regin, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 25:42 (1975), 95-144. 6062. Volland, Martin. Indianische Bevlkerungsgeschichte im Corregimiento Guayaquil (1548-1765). Bonn: Holos Verlag, 1994. ix, 315 p. (Mundus Reihe Alt-Amerikanistik; Bd 10) Vollands doctoral dissertation, presented at the Rheinishcen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitt in Bonn. A history of the post-conquest decline and resurgence--apparently beginning sometime during the early eighteenth century--of the autochthonous population of the former Corregimiento of Guayaquil. The decimation of the ethnic groups of the district began circa 1531 and continued at least through 1605, if not later than that. The data thus far recovered for the seventeenth century, however, are too scarce to determine approximately when the indigenous population of the central-south coast ceased to decline or when it began to recover. Also advances knowledge of history of encomiendas and repartimientos of the region. Expands upon the work of Estrada Ycaza, Hamerly, and Laviana Cuetos, especially as presented in items 6588, 5795, and 5984. Based on several years of original research in Spanish, Ecuadorian, and Colombian repositories. 6063. Wilkinson, A.F. Descripcin de la Isla de la Plata, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 7:7 (1987), 123-128. 6064. Wolf, Theodor. Relacin de un viaje geognstico por la Provincia del Guayas. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1874. 19 p. 6065. Zelaya, Juan Antonio. Estado de la Provincia de Guayaquil, agosto 17, 1765, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:6 (dic. 1974), 97-106. A new transcription by Michael T. Hamerly of an eighteenth-century relacin geogrfica, originally published by Alfredo Flores y Caamao (see item 5966). 6066. Ziga, Neptal. Diario indito del viaje de Humboldt por la Provincia de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 213 p. Translates into Spanish from the original German and French and publishes with explanations and notes those portions of Humboldts diaries that have do with his observations of the coast in the early 1800s.

6067. Zuvekas, Clarence, Jr. Agrarian Reform in Ecuadors Guayas River Basin, Land Economics, 52:3 (Aug. 1976), 314-329. A follow up to Blankstein and Zuvekass earlier study (item 7521). Reevaluates the Programa para Promocin de Empresas Agrcolas.

NORTH AND CENTRAL HIGHLANDS

6068. Acosta Sols, Misael. Anotaciones sobre la vegetacin del norte de Quito: desde Cotocollao y San Antonio hasta el Ro Guayllabamba. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1941. 120 p. 6069. Acosta Sols, Misael. La lucha contra la sequa y la erosin en la mitad del mundo: 20 aos de experiencias en la Quinta Equinoccial, 1950-1970. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1971. 63 p. 6070. Acosta Sols, Misael. Sinopsis de la fitogeografa y vegetacin de la Provincia de Pichincha. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1962. 135 p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador) 6071. Aguil, Federico. Imbabura en la cultura nacional: un homenaje a Ibarra y a la provincia. Ibarra: Municipio de Ibarra, 1979. 410 p. 6072. Aguil, Federico. Imbabura en pginas de historia y letras. Ibarra: Impr. Municipal, 1970. 310 p. 6073. Albuja Galindo, Alfredo. Estudio monogrfico del Cantn Cotacachi. Quito: Tall. Grf. Minerva, 1962. 328 p. Includes a chapter on the history of Cotacachi and its district through 1868. 6074. Almeida Reyes, Eduardo. Apuntes etnohistricos del valle de Pomasqui, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 129 p. 6075. Andino Rubio, Mauro Patricio. Tungurahua, colmena del saber y del trabajo. Quito: Cientfica Latina Editores, 1983. 198 p. (Enciclopedia de las provincias del Ecuador; no. 2) 6076. Andrade Marn, Luciano. Una monografa de la Provincia de Pichincha. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. 56 p. 6077. Antonini, Gustavo A. Chambo: evolucin del paisaje y su relacin con el potencial productivo agrcola, Revista geogrfica (Mxico, D.F.), 96 (jul./dic. 1982), 5-24. Chambo is a rural parish in the Canton of Riobamba. 6078. Armendaris, Luis A.; and Daro C. Guevara. Monografa del Cantn Rumiahui. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1943. 304 p. 6079. Archetti, Eduardo P.; and Kristi Anne Stlen. Burguesa rural y campesinado en la sierra ecuatoriana, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980) 57-82.

A study of social conditions and class structure in the Canton of Meja in the Province of Pichincha as of the 1970s. 6080. Arcos, Carlos G.; and Carlos Marchn Romero. Guaytacama y Cusubamba: dos modalidades de desarrollo de la agricultura serrana, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 2:5 (1978), 13-51. A study of agricultural development in two rural parishes of the Province of Cotopaxi, the first of which is in the Canton of Latacunga, and the second in the Canton of Salcedo. 6081. Bez Dvila, Gonzalo. Comercio y contrabando en la Provincia del Carchi, Planificacin (Quito), 1:2 (mayo 1963), 55-78. 6082. Barrigada Lpez, Franklin. Monografa de la Provincia de Cotopaxi. Ambato: Edit. Primicias, 1974. 10 v. 6083. Basile, David G. Tillers of the Andes: Farmers and Farming in the Quito Basin. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Geography, 1974. 174 p. A revision of the authors doctoral dissertation: The Quito Basin: a Case Study Illustrating Rural Land Use in the Ecuadorian Highlands. 1964. xvii, 479 leaves. Columbia University. Although Basile conducted some additional field research in 1965 and 1972, this study is largely based on fieldwork undertaken between 1941 and 1948, and the population and agricultural censuses of 1950 and 1954, respectively. 6084. Bazante, Rafael J. El Corregimiento de Chimbo. Guaranda: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Bolvar, 1979. 79 p. A study of what is now the Province of Bolvar during the colonial period. 6085. Black Maldonado, Juan. Conservacin de los recursos altoandinos: Antisana, un caso de estudio, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 421-430. 6086. Black Maldonado, Juan. Los pramos del Antisana, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 17 (1983), 25-52. 6087. Blomberg, Rolf. Imbabura, bergsindianernas Land. Stockhold: Seelin, 1967. 102 p. 6088. Bolvar: diagnstico socioeconmico para la integracin del medio rural de la Provincia de Bolvar; Elementos de diagnstico socioeconmico del medio rural de las Provincias de Chimborazo y Bolvar. Quito: Secretara General de Planeacin Econmica, 1969. 36 p. 6089. Bonifaz, Emilio. Origen y evolucin de una hacienda histrica: Guachala, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 53:115 (ene./jun. 1970), 115-122; 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 338-350. A history of a hacienda in the Cayambe Valley. Apparently the estate in question was formed in the 1640s although it is sometimes claimed that it dates from as early as the 1580s. 6090. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Composiciones de tierras en la Audiencia de Quito: el valle de Tumbaco a finales del siglo XVII, Jahrbuch fr Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, 17 (1980), 121-155.

Items 6090, 6091, 6093-6095 are a series of detailed, well researched, scholarly sound studies on the emergence of large estates in the northern and central highlands in the 1600s. Exceptionally important contributions to the economic history of the first half of the colonial period. For a digest of Borcharts findings see item 1357. 6091. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Composiciones de tierras en el Valle de los Chillos a finales del siglo XVII: una contribucin a la historia agraria de la Audiencia de Quito, Cultura, 2:5 (sept./dic. 1979), 139-178. 6092. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. La crisis del obraje de San Idelfonso a finales del siglo XVIII, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 655-671. Destroyed during the earthquake of 1797, San Ildefonso and its corresponding haciendas in the Corregimientos of Ambato and Chimbo were acquired in 1800 by the Valdivieso y Carrera brothers (Agustn, Mariano Guillermo, and Sebastin). San Ildefonso, near Pelileo, had been one of the largest and most productive of the Jesuit textile mills. Includes an analysis of the account books for 1777-1795, during which years the obraje and its haciendas were administered by the Junta de Temporalidades. 6093. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Landbesitz im Machachi-Tal am Ende des 17 Jahrhunderts, Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv, n.f., 5:3 (1979), 243-266. Also published in Spanish as: La tenencia de la tierra en el valle de Machachi a finales del siglo XVII, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1983-1984), 143-167. Based on a 1692 visita de tierras. 6094. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Las tierras de comunidad de Licto, Punn y Macaxi: factores para su disminucin e intentos de restauracin, Revista andina, 6:12 (dic. 1988), 503524. 6095. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. La transferencia de la propiedad agraria indgena en el Corregimiento de Quito hasta finales del siglo XVII, Cahiers du monde hispanique et lusobrsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 5-19. 6096. Brandbyge, J.; and Lauritz Holm-Nielsen. Investigacin sobre el consumo de energa rural en Pilahuin, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 71-83. By rural energy is meant firewood in this case. Pilahuin is in the Province of Tungurahua. 6097. Bustamante Yepez, Marco A.; and Vctor Manuel Madrid A. Monografa de la Provincia de Pichincha. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Servicio de Suministros del Ecuador, 1952. 237 p. 6098. Bustos, Guillermo. Notas sobre economa y sociedad en Quito y la sierra centro norte durante las primeras dcadas del siglo XX, Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 101-117. A working paper on the demography, economy, and society of the northern and central highlands during the first third of the twentieth century. The background chapter to authors original masters thesis: Gremios, sindicatos y poltica (1931-1936): transformaciones ideolgicas y redefinicin social de artesanos y obreros fabriles en Quito.

6099. Cacicazgo de los indios Llangarimas: ao de 1640 a 1830, Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 10:16 (jun. 1966), 32-67. Publishes several sources for the reconstruction of the ethnic history of the parcialidades of Niti and Cabucau, reduced in the pueblo of Calpi (Corregimiento of Riobamba/Province of Chimborazo). 6100. Caillavet, Chantel. La artesana textil en la poca colonial: el rol de la produccin domstica en el norte de la Audiencia de Quito, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 521-530. A brief but well documented and insightful essay on the forced production of woolen goods (in sweatshop) vis--vis the voluntary production of cotton cloth (at home) during the colonial period. Also published in French as: Lartisant textile lpoque colonial: le rle de la production domestique dans le Nord de lAudience de Quito, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 241-250. 6101. Caillavet, Chantel. Caciques de Otavalo en el siglo XVI: don Alonso de Maldonado y su esposa, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 38-55. Publishes and analyzes the last will and testament (1609) of a gobernador general of the Repartimiento of Otavalo, the nominal indigenous equivalent of the corregidor of the Corregimiento of Otavalo. 6102. Caillavet, Chantel. La estructura bsica de las sociedades autctonas de la sierra norte del Ecuador en el siglo XVI: (las parcialidades indgenas, unidades tnicas mnimas), Reproduccin y transformacin de las sociedades andinas, siglos XVI-XX: simposio auspiciado por el Social Science Research Council, SSRC, Segundo Moreno Y., Frank Salomon, compiladores, 1 ed. (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: MLAL, Movimiento Laicos para Amrica Latina, 1991), t. 1, p. 173-195. Reexamines sixteenth-century sources on Otavaleos in order to establish and delineate what Caillavet considers to have been the basic unit of indigenous society, the parcialidad, following the post-conquest reorganization of ethnic groups. 6103. Caillavet, Chantel. Ethno-histoire quatorienne: un testament indien indit du XVIe sicle, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien, 41 (1983), 5-23. Publishes and analyzes last will and testament of Diego Colln, native lord of Panzaleo in what is now the Province of Cotopaxi. Executed 21 Dec. 1598. An important ethnohistorical source. 6104. Caillavet, Chantel. Produccin textil indgena y la integracin en el mercado colonial: la etnia Otavalo--Ecuador--en el siglo XVI, Etnohistoria e historia de las Amricas (Bogot: Ediciones Uniandes, 1988), p. 213-218. 6105. Caillavet, Chantel. Una relacin geogrfica indita de 1582 sobre Ecuador: Oyunbicho y Amaguaa del valle de los Chillos, Revista andina, 6:12 (dic. 1988), 525-536. 6106. Caillavet, Chantel. Le sal dOtavalo, Equateur: continuits indignes et ruptures coloniales, Mlanges de la Casa de Velazquez (Paris), 15 (1979), 329-363.

Also published in Spanish as: La sal de Otavalo, Ecuador: continuidades indgenas y rupturas coloniales, Sarance, 9 (dic. 1981), 47-81. 6107. Caillavet, Chantel. Tribut textile et caciques dans le Nord de lAudiencia de Quito, Mlanges de la Casa de Velzquez (Paris), 16 (1980), 179-201. 6108. Campesinos del Mira y del Chanchan, Jaime Espn [et al.]. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1992. 3 v. 6109. Carrera Coln, Juan. Apuntes para una investigacin etnohistrica de los cacicazgos del Corregimiento de Latacunga: ss. XVI y XVII, Cultura, 4:11 (sept./dic. 1981), 129-179. 6110. Castillo Jcome, Julio. Album del centenario de la Provincia de Tungurahua 1.8601.960. Ambato: Edit. Tungurahua, [1960]. 162 p. 6111. Castillo Jcome, Julio. Historia de la Provincia de Tungurahua. Ambato: Illingworth Editores, 1990-<1994>. <8> v. An exceptionally detailed work. Somewhat disjointed and rambling, however. The individual volumes are neither thematically nor chronologically specific. The individual volumes have not been appearing in numerical order either. Apparently only vols. 1-4, 6, and 8-10 have so far appeared. The author is an amateur and a native son. 6112. Castillo Jcome, Julio. La Provincia del Chimborazo en 1942. Riobamba: Edit. Progreso, 1942. 474 p. Includes an overview of the history of the province. 6113. Ceinos Manzano, Mara Jess. La expansin de las haciendas jesuitas en Pimampiro (Reino de Quito), Estudios de historia social y econmica de Amrica, 11 (1994), 271-276. Adds little to Villalbas more detailed and better documented study (item 6300). 6114. Coba Robalino, Jos Mara. Monografa del Cantn de Pllaro. Quito: Tip. de la Prensa Catlica, 1929. 486 p. A history of Pllaro and its district from pre-Hispanic times through the early-twentieth century. 6115. Colmenares, German. La hacienda en la sierra norte del Ecuador: fundamentos econmicos y sociales de una diferenciacin nacional (1800-1870), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 2 (I sem. 1992), 3-50. An economic and social analysis of haciendas in the northern and central highlands during the first two thirds of the nineteenth century. Especially concerned with differences between the agrarian regimes of Ecuador and neighboring Colombia during the neocolonial period, and the impact of sluggish and in some districts of negative population growth on labor arrangements. A pioneering study based on a substantial quantitative matrix compiled from notarial records. 6116. Contreras C., Carlos. La crisis de la sierra central y norte del Ecuador en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 1:1 (primer semestre 1987), 17-40.

A revisionist review of the causes and consequences of the economic crisis of the late colonial period in the northern and central highlands. Arges that economic stagnation prevailed from the mid-eighteenth century through the 1870s, and that the crisis was initiated by the disruption of trade with southern Peru, attempts at import substitution, and the fiscal reforms of the Bourbons during the late 1700s and early 1800s. 6117. Coronel Feijo, Rosario. Riego colonial: de la coca a la caa en el valle del Chota, Ecuador debate, 14 (1987), 47-68. 6118. Coronel Feijo, Rosario. El valle sangriento: de los indgenas de la coca y el algodn a la hacienda caera jesuta, 1580-1700. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Abya-Yala, 1991. 172 p. An original masters thesis on Spanish penetration and Jesuit takeover of the Chota and Mira Valley and the concomitant replacement of Indian operated cocales by black slave worked sugar plantations. See also items 6176 and 6177. 6119. Costales Cevallos, Alfredo. La actual Provincia del Chimborazo: sus errores histricos, Revista, Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 8:7 (ago. 1960), 63-70. 6120. Costales Cevallos, Alfredo. Bases histricas, Revista, Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 4:4 (sept. 1956), 27-30. Lists the corregidores of Riobamba for the years 1568-1809. 6121. Cotopaxi, monografa, Centro de Estudios de la Actualidad Ecuatoriana. Quito: Ediciones Quinoccio, 1982. 101 p. 6122. Crowder, L. van. Extension for Profit: Agents and Sharecropping in the Highlands of Ecuador, Human Organization, 50:1 (Spring 1991), 39-42. A study of sharecropping in the Province of Imbabura. 6123. Cuadernos monogrficos de Chimbo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1963. 190 p. 6124. Dvila Lpez, Jos E. Contexto espacial del Cantn Pedro Moncayo, Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 81-90. A detailed analysis of the geography of the Canton of Pedro Moncayo in the Province of Pichincha. 6125. De la Torre Araz, Patricia. Patrones y conciertos: una hacienda serrana, 1905-1929. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 165 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 25) A study of El Den Hacienda (Cantn Quito) in the early-twentieth century. A wholly original and for Ecuador, a pioneering work. Largely based on the account books of the estate. 6126. Daz Lpez, Zamira. Oro, sociedad y economa: el sistema colonial en la Gobernacin de Popayn: 1533-1733. Santaf de Bogot: Banco de la Repblica, Departamento Editorial, 1994. 318 p.

6127. Documentos para la historia de la Provincia del Carchi, investigacin, notas y transcripciones paleogrficas, Ximena Costales Peaherrera. Quito: Industria Lechera Carchi, 1984. 215 p. Supposed to have been vol. 1, but apparently this set was not continued. 6128. Echarte Lasa, Vicente. Relaciones de produccin en Pacto y Nenegal: comunidades campesinas del noroccidente de Pichincha. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Antropologa, 1977. iii, 138 p. 6130. Eraso, Abraham. La Provincia de Bolvar en 1934. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1934. xii, 240 p. Includes a prcis of the history and geography of the province. 6131. Espn Daz, Jaime Leonardo. Historia agraria de la Cuenca del Ro Mira: de la hacienda caera a la agroindustria y a las fincas ganaderas, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 691699. 6132. Espinosa y Estrada, Bertrn. Santiago de Bolvar: monografa sinttica, 1837-1937. Ambato: Tip. La Exactitud, 1937. 303 p. 6133. Espinoza Soriano, Waldemar. La etnia Chimbo al oeste de Riobamba: el testamento de la etnohistoria, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. p. 144-257. Reprinted from: Revista del Museo Nacional (Lima), 47 (1983/1985), 142-257, conservado la paginacin [original]. An exceptionally important work on this ethnic group. Endeavors to reconstruct the political, economic, and social structures of the Chimbos prior to their incorporation into the Tahuantinsuyu and examines their post-conquest experience throughout the colonial period. Well researched, written, and organized. 6134. Etnohistoria del Corregimiento de Chimbo, 1557-1820: documentos, recopilados y transcritos por Ximena Costales de Oviedo. Quito: Mundo Andino, 1983. 463 p. A compendium of primarily sources, mostly from the eighteenth century, from the Archivo Nacional de Historia (Quito), for the study of the ethnohistory of the Province of Bolvar. 6135. Farga Hernndez, Mara Cristina; and Jos Almeida Vinueza. Campesinos y haciendas de la sierra norte: la transformacin del campesinado y la comunidad en la sierra norte. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 362 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 30) 6136. Farrell, Gilda. Tenencia de la tierra y movimiento campesino en el Ecuador. Quito: Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio, 1981. 158 p. A study of land tenure and peasant movements in the Provinces of Pichincha, Cotopaxi, and Tungurahua. 6137. Field, Leonard. Sistemas agrcolas campesina en la sierra norte, 1a ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular (CAAP), 1991. 192 p. Examines continuity and change in traditional production. Based on a three year study of approximately 50 farm households.

6138. Flor M., Flix. Pginas de historia contempornea: la rectificacin de la lnea frrea de Riobamba. Riobamba: Impr. y Librera Nacional, 1924. 148 p. 6139. Foster, Nancy R. Minifundistas in Tungurahua, Ecuador: Survival on the Agricultural Ladder, Searching for Agrarian Reform in Latin America, edited by William C. Thiesenhusen (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), p. 92-126. Examines the community of Santa Luca Arriba in the Province of Tungurahua over the course of two generations to determine the impact of population pressure and commercialization on landholding. 6140. Foster, Nancy R. When the State Sidesteps Land Reform: Alternative Peasant Strategies in Tungurahua, Ecuador. Madison: Land Tenure Center, University of WisconsinMadison, 1989. iii, 28 p. (LTC Paper; 133) 6141. Freire Heredia, Carlos. Chimborazo, provincia de contrastes, textos, Carlos Freire Heredia; fotografas, Jos Cruz [et al.]. Riobamba: Edit. Pedaggica Freire, 1988. 226 p. 6142. Frontera y poblamiento: estudios de historia y antropologa de Colombia y Ecuador, Chantal Caillavet y Ximena Pachn, compiladoras. Bogot: Instituto Francs de Estudios Andinos: Instituto de Investigaciones Amaznicas: Departamento de Antropologa, Universidad de los Andes, 1966. 314 p. A set of original essays on various aspects of the ethnography, ethnohistory, and history of the peoples of southern Colombia and northern Ecuador. Several of the authors are comparative as well as multidisciplinarian in approach. Partial contents: Jean-Paul Deler, Tiempos y espacios de una horognesis: los territorios fronterizos entre Colombia y Ecuador (p. 23-40); Felipe Crdenas-Arroyo, Frontera arqueolgica vs. frontera etnohistrica: Pastos y Quillacingas en la arqueologa del sur de Colombia (p. 41-56); Chantal Caillavet, Antropofagia y frontera: el caso de los Andes septentrionales (p. 57-109); Chantal Caillavet, Territorio y ecologa del grupo prehispnico Otavalo, (p. 137-156); Martin Minchom, Las rebeliones del Quito colonial: fronteras simblicas y geografa urbana, (p. 203-236). 6143. Gaibor del Pozo, Lenidas. Monografa del Cantn San Miguel de Bolvar. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1977. 140 p. 6144. Garca S., Fernando. Cambios en la economa campesina a partir de la reforma agraria: el caso de 3 comunidades campesinas en la Provincia de Chimborazo. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Antropologa, 1977. 126 p. 6145. Gonzlez, Ernel M. Intervencin estatal y cambios en la racionalidad de las economas campesinas: el caso de las comunidades de San Vicente y Tumbatu en el Valle del Chota, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1984. iii, 216 p. (Coleccin Tesis; no. 2) 6146. Gonzlez G., Jos H. Aspectos econmicos de la Provincia de Bolvar. Guaranda: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Bolvar, 1983. 64 p.

6147. Gonzlez Pozo, Arturo. Miscelnea en el cincuentenario de la Provincia de Bolvar. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1934. 6148. Gonzlez Pozo, Arturo. Monografa de la Provincia de Bolvar. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1929. 296 p. 6149. Granja B., Ana Mara. Reforma agraria en Ichubamba de Cebadas: un estudio de caso. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Antropologa, 1977. 93 p. A study of the impact of agrarian reform on the Hacienda Ichubamba de Cebadas in the Province of Chimborazo. 6150. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Monografa de Tulcn. Quito: SAG: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 156 p. 6151. Guerrero, Andrs. Curagas y tenientes polticos: la ley de la costumbre y la ley del Estado: Otavalo, 1830-1875, Revista andina, 7:14 (dic. 1989), 321-366. Also published in French as: La coutume et lEtat: curagas et lieutenants politiques Otavalo (Equateur) au XIXe sicle, Annales: economies, socits, civilisations, 47:2 (1992), 331-354. 6152. Guerrero, Andrs. Curagas y tenientes polticos, la ley de la costumbre y la ley del Estado: (Otavalo, 1830-1875), 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1990. 62 p. The monographic version of the preceding item. An exceptionally important study in which Guerrero examines continuity and change in the role of caciques in the former Corregimiento of Otavalo during the early-national period and offers a rare portrait of that much touted but poorly studied personage, the teniente poltico. Doubly important because this appear to have been the only specific study, as of the late 1990s, on the interplay between indigenous communities and the state in the nineteenth century. 6153. Guerrero, Andrs. De la economa a las mentalidades. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1991. 198 p. A set of four essays on changes in the composition, social relations, obligations, and expectations of the labor force on various haciendas in the Canton of Otavalo from the 1950s through the 1980s. Rich in detail on ties of kinship, composition of families, and variations in monetary and non-monetary exchanges among/between labor force and hacendados. 6155. Guevara, Daro. Puerta de El Dorado: monografa del Cantn Pelileo. Quito: Impr. Moderna, 1945. 488 p. 6156. Habaspamba de otros tiempos ... hoy Atahualpa, Segundo Jaramillo E., compilador. [Quito]: Tall. Seri Graf-Cruz, 1991. 185 p. A history of the parish of Atahualpa in the Canton of Ambato. 6157. Haney, Emil B.; and Wava G. Haney. The Agrarian Transition in Highland Ecuador: from Precapitalism to Agrarian Capitalism in Chimborazo, Searching for Agrarian Reform in Latin America, edited by William C. Thiesenhusen (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), p. 70-91.

Surveys coeval changes in the agrarian structure of the Province of Chimborazo. Also published in Spanish as: La transicin agraria en la sierra del Ecuador: del semifeudalismo al capitalismo en Chimborazo, Ecuador debate, 20 (1990), 147-182. 6158. Haney, Emil B.; and Wava G. Haney. Transformation of the Agrarian Structure in Ecuador with Specific Reference to the Province of Chimborazo. Madison: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1987. 130 p. (LTC Research Paper; 86) 6159. Haro Alvear, Silvio Luis. La Carretera Ibarra-San Lorenzo: notas histricas, Revista del Ncleo de Imbabura de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 12:25:24 (jul. 1979), 104-114. 6160. Hartmann, Roswith. Cochasqu, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 24-30. Examines living and working conditions on a highland estate partially divided in 1963 in anticipation of the Ley de Reforma Agraria of the following year. Based on field work in 1964 and 1965. 6161. Hearn, Lea T. A Geographic Study of the Village of Cotocollao, Ecuador, Journal of Geography, 49:5 (Sept. 1950), 225-231. Useful as a depiction of the township of Cotocollao as of the mid- twentieth century, but of dubious ethnographic or sociological value. A skewed portrait. Hearn refers to the Indians and mestizos of Cotocollao as little more than sleepy beasts of burden, whose existence, though happy and carefree, is based on a struggle for lifes fundamental necessities, food, clothing, and shelter. 6162. Hess, Carmen G. La racionalidad de una economa agropecuaria: una contribucin hacia el desarrollo en los pramos ecuatorianos. Quito: Proyecto de Fomento Ganadero: MAG: GTZ, 1992. xxiv, 178 p. 6163. Hierro, Ricardo del. Un viaje a Maldonado: noticias de la parroquia, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 7:20 (nov./dic. 1923), 399-405. The Maldonado of Carchi, not the Maldonado of Esmeraldas or the Maldonado of Chimborazo. 6164. Ibarra, Hernn. El conflicto hacienda-comunidad en la sierra central ecuatoriana durante el siglo XIX, Estudios rurales latinoamericano, 15:1 (ene./abr. 1992), 75-121. 6165. Ibarra, Hernn. Indios y cholos. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1992. 53 p. A study of the labor market in Ambato and Riobamba in the early 1900s. 6166. Indicadores bsicos, sierra central: Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolvar, Chimborazo, Pastaza. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1979. 316 p. 6167. Irigoyen, Galo. El problema de lmites entre Quito y Esmeraldas. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1954. 165 p. 6168. Iturralde G., Diego A. Guamote: campesinos y comunas. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 221 p. (Coleccin Pendoleros; 28)

6169. Jameson, William. Botanical Excursion to Salinas, an Indian Village on Chimborazo, London Journal of Botany, 4 (1845), 378-385. 6170. Jameson, William. Journey from Quito to Cayambe, 1859, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 31 (1861), 184-190. See also item 7327. 6171. Jaramillo, Vctor Alejandro. Corregidores de Otavalo. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1974. 209 p. 6172. Kaarhus, Randi. Historias en el tiempo, historias en el espacio: dualismo en la cultura y lengua quechua/quichua, 1a ed. en espaol. Quito: Edit. TINCUI/CONAIE: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1989. 303 p. An ethnohistorical study of Otavaleos. Examines ways in which culturally specific ways of interpreting history and their European counterparts influence the production of texts and the contours of political praxis. 6173. Kennedy Troya, Alexandra; and Carmen Fauria Roma. Obrajes en la Audiencia de Quito: un caso de estudio, Tilipulo, Boletn americanista, 32 (1987), 143-202. A study of the hacienda and obraje of Tilipulo in the Corregimiento of Latacunga/Province of Cotopaxi from the initial formation of the estate in the early 1500s through 1979, by which time all that remained was the big house and 76 hectares of long since depleted land. Reprinted in: Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:4 (1988), 143-220. 6174. Klumpp, Kathleen M. El retorno del Inga: una expresin ecuatoriana de la ideologa mesinica andina, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa (Guayaquil), 22:41 (1974), 99-135. A study of the differential reaction of Spaniards and Indians to the appointment of Alonso de Arenas y Florencia Inga as corregidor of Ibarra in 1666. Regardless of what don Alonsos intentions were, the local whites feared that he would be the catalyst for an Indian uprising, whereas the caciques and natives of the region openly supported him as a descendant of the Incas. 6175. Landzuri N., Cristbal. El cacicazgo y la encomienda: anotaciones en torno a la visita de 1559 al Valle de los Chillos, Visita y numeracin de los pueblos del Valle de los Chillos, 1551-1559 (item 5435), p. 11-47. An analysis of the demography, economy, and society of the pueblos of Pingolqu, Puembo, Ynga, Urin Chillo, Anan Chillo, and Uyumbicho. Based on the visita of 1551 and the inspection and enumeration of 1559 (see item 5434). 6176. Landzuri N., Cristbal. Pueblos indgenas de los valles interandinos: el caso de Pimampiro (siglo XVI), Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 11-35. An ethnohistorical study. Based on archival research in Bogot, Ibarra, and Quito. Expands authors study of the cacicazgo of Pimampiro as presented in item 6177.

6177. Landzuri N., Cristbal. Las sociedades indgenas de las cuencas de los Ros Mira y Chanchan, siglos XVI y XVII: estudios de casos, Revista de historia de Amrica, 106 (jul./dic. 1988), 49-106. A pioneering ethnohistorical study of the various ethnic groups (polities and enclaves) found in the Coangue, Salinas/Urcuqui, and Chanchn/ Alaus Valleys prior to the Inca conquest and what happened to them during the first half of the colonial period, following the Spanish conquest. Based primarily on research in the Archivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador in Ibarra and the Notarial Archives of Alaus. 6178. Landzuri N., Cristbal. Territorios y pueblos: la sociedad pasto en los siglos XVI y XVII, Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 57-108. An outstanding ethnohistorical study of the Pastos, preceding and following the Inca and Spanish conquests, in what is now northern Ecuador. Includes findings on the seventeenth as well as the sixteenth century. Based on original research in Spain as well as in Ecuador. See also item 987. 6179. Lehmann, David. Sharecropping and the Capitalist Transition in Agriculture: Some Evidence from the Highlands of Ecuador. Cambridge: Centre of Latin American Studies, University of Cambridge, 1985. 40 p. (Working Paper; no. 40) A study of farm tenancy and sharecropping in the Province of Carchi in the late twentieth century. 6180. Lehmann, David. Two Paths of Agrarian Capitalism, or a Critique of Chayanovian Marxism, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 28:4 (Oct. 1986), 601-627. Argues that the small peasant producers of Carchi are capitalists, at least as of the mid 1980s. 6181. Lentz, Carola. De regidores y alcaldes a cabildos: cambios en la estructura sociopoltica de una comunidad indgena de Cajabamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador debate, 12 (1986), 189-212. See also her Why the Most Incompetent Are on the Village Council: Development Projects in an Indian Village in Ecuador, Sociologia Ruralis (Assen, Netherlands), 28:2/3 (1988), 199215. 6182. Lewis, G. Edward. El Sangay: Fire-Breathing Giant of the Andes, National Geographic Magazine, 97:1 (Jan. 1950), 117-138. On Lewiss 1946 excursion from Riobamba to Sangay. Illustrated with photographs taken by the author. 6183. Lpez, Modesto. Los Andes quitensis. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1890. 32 p. Not a new edition of the following item (6184), but a continuation of what was supposed to have been a multi-part set on the economic geography of the highlands. 6184. Lpez, Modesto. Los Andes quitensis: sistema del Chimborazo o sea consideraciones econmicas sobre ese territorio. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1888. 28 p.

6185. Madera, E. Liborio. Nociones de geografa de la Provincia de Imbabura (Repblica del Ecuador), 2 ed. Ibarra: Impr. El Comercio, 1918. 48 p. 6186. Maggio Pea, Jaime Guillermo. Agrometeorologa de la Provincia de Pichincha. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin de Geografa, 1964. vi, 64 p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador) 6187. Males, Antonio. Historia oral de los imbayas de Quinchuqu: 1900-1960 = Villamanta ayllucunapac, punta causai. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985. 141 p. In Spanish and Quichua. An oral history of an extended family of Cara and therefore Otavaleo Indians on the Hacienda Quinchuqu and in Ibarra by a member of the indigenous intelligentsia. Covers the years 1900-1960. 6188. Marchn Romero, Carlos. La cuestin campesina, Cultura, 3:8 (sept./dic. 1980), 117-149. 6189. Marchn Romero, Carlos. La hacienda serrana: racionalidad de produccin desarrollo capitalista: una discusin, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 73-89. 6190. Mariano, Alfonso, Jos, Lorenzo, Manuel: migrantes campesinos de Licto y Flores, historias de vida recopiladas y comentadas por Hernn Carrasco, Carola Lentz. Quito: AbyaYala, 1985. 128 p. 6191. Martnez, Eduardo Neptal. Carchi, problema y posibilidad. Quito: Edit. Vida Catlica, 1970. 1 v. Only vol. 1 was published. 6192. Martnez, Eduardo Neptal. Aculturacin espontnea de los indios de la Provincia del Carchi: el cacique Garca Tulcanaza, Atahualpa, 1:1 (1965), 44-63. 6193. Martnez, Eduardo Neptal. Cacique Garca Tulcanaza, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Andina, 1983. 71 p. 6194. Martnez, Eduardo Neptal. Etnohistoria de los Pastos. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1977. 176 p. 6195. Martnez, Eduardo Neptal. Pastos y Quillacingas, Amrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./set. 1974), 651-662. According to the author, the Pastos were annihilated by the Incas and the Spanish conquistadores. 6196. Martnez, Nicols G. La condicin actual de la raza indgena de la Provincia de Tungurahua. Ambato: Tall. del Instituto Luis Martnez, 1916. 50 p. A nominally pro-Indian, but in fact anti-native Andean tract. Nicols G. Martnez advocated anti-alcohol consumption campaigns, the abolition of fiestas, and the suppression of communes. Nonetheless, it is important to note that Martnez knew the indigenes of the central highlands not just well but first hand. Reprinted in: Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 207243.

6197. Martnez, Nicols G. Exploraciones en los Andes ecuatorianos: Chimborazo, Carihuairazo, Quilandaa, Iliniza. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1933. 125 p. 6198. Martnez, Nicols G. Exploraciones en los Andes ecuatorianos: el Tungurahua. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1933. 117 p. 6199. Martnez, Nicols G. Exploraciones y estudios efectuados en el Cotopaxi y en el Pichincha. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1932. 97 p. 6200. Martnez, Nicols G. Las grandes erupciones del Tungurahua de los aos 1916-1918. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1932. 90 p. For a modern edition of photographs taken by Nicols Guillermo and his brothers during these and other excursions see item 7398. See also item 7366. 6201. Martnez Flores, Alexandra. Territorialidad indgena y lucha por la tierra en los Corregimientos de Ibarra y Otavalo (1800-1820), Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 63-80. A study of the demographic and economic history of the Corregimientos of Ibarra and Otavalo during the late colonial period. Emphasizes the struggle of Indian communities to retain their lands. A prcis of the authors apparently unpublished original masters thesis, La comunidad indgena frente a la sociedad colonial tarda: relaciones y conflictos en la sierra norte, 1800-1827. See also her: El conflicto hacienda-comunidad en la sierra norte: el caso de Paniquinra (Imbabura), 1841-1919, Memoria, MARKA, ao 1, no. 1 (nov. 1990), 153-167. 6202. Martnez Valle, Luciano. La descomposicin del campesinado en la sierra ecuatoriana: un estudio de caso, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1980. 74 p. 6203. Meier, Peter C. Continuity and Change in Peasant Household Production: The Spinners and Weavers of Carabuela, Northern Ecuador, Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 21:4 (Nov. 1984), 431-448. 6204. Mera, Alejandro R. Leyendas histricas del Carchi. Quito: Editora Ecuador, [1950?]. 178 p. 6205. Mesias Carrera, Manuel; and Frank Salomon. Historia y cultura popular de Zambiza. Quito: CEDECO, Centro Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo de la Comunidad, 1990. 201 p. Contents: Manuel Mesias Carrera, Mantayas, varayujs, runas y llacta; Frank Salomon, Don Pedro de Zambiza, un varayuj del siglo XVI--a reprint of item 2268; Manuel Mesias Carrera, La Cultura popular: festividades, tradiciones, msica y poesa. 6206. Mio Grijalva, Wilson. Haciendas y pueblos en la sierra ecuatoriana: el caso de la Provincia del Carchi, 1881-1980. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 1985. 201 p. A history of haciendas, rural communities, and land reform in the Canton of Espejo from the late nineteenth through the late twentieth century. 6207. Misin Andina del Ecuador. Informe de trabajo de investigacin realizado en la zona sur del Chimborazo: Cantones Alaus y Chunchi previo a la iniciacin de labores de Misin Andina. Alaus: La Misin, 1965. 61 p.

6208. Monografa del Cantn de Otavalo. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesiana, 1909. 265 p. 6209. Montalvo, Juan Francisco. La Provincia de Tungurahua en 1928. Ambato: Edit. Raza Latina, 1928. 365 p. Includes a prcis of the history of Tungurahua and biographical sketches of notable ambateos of the colonial, independence, and early national periods. 6210. Morales, Juan de Dios. El terremoto de 1797: informe de Juan de Dios Morales, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 45:102 (jul./dic. 1963), 255-258. A coeval report. 6211. Moreno, Segundo Luis. Cotacachi y su comarca. Quito: Edit. Don Bosco, 1966. 174 p. 6212. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Las composiciones de tierras y el despojo de la propiedad indgena en la regin Latacunga-Ambato, siglo XVII, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 627-638. Regarding the visita, venta y composicin de tierras entrusted to Antonio de Melgar in 1645, following the death of the nineteenth president of the Audiencia, Juan de Lizarazu. 6213. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Constitutivos tnicos comunales en la movilizacin subversiva: las rebeliones indgenas en la comarca de Alaus en el siglo XVIII, Antropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1983-1984), 105-124. 6214. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Una rebelin indgena anticolonial: Chambo, 1797, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 21-32. Demonstrates that the Chambo uprising of 1797 was anticolonial inasmuch as the indigenes involved sought to liberate themselves from the yoke of their white and mestizo exploiters. They do not appear to have been any too happy with their cacique principal y gobernador de los indios either. Based almost entirely on archival materials. Reprinted in item 607. 6215. Moreno Ynez, Segundo E. Traspaso de la propiedad agrcola indgena a la hacienda colonial: el caso de Saquisil, Cultura, 4:10 (mayo/ago. 1981), 117-139. A detailed study of the formation of the Jesuit estate of Saquisil, one of the lesser properties of the Company, specifically of the Noviciate House of Latacunga. Originally published in: Jahrbuch fr Geschichte von Staat, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Lateinamerikas, 17 (1980), 97119;and reprinted in item 607. 6216. Moya, Ruth. Los tejidos del norte andino: smbolos y funciones, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 545-563. 6217. Moya Torres, Luz del Alba. Alimentos y mercados: el papel de Tungurahua. Quito: CEDIME, 1988. 74 p. 6218. Muratorio, Ricardo. La transicin del obraje a la industria y el papel de la produccin textil en la economa de la sierra en el siglo XIX, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 531-543.

6219. Navas, Juan de Dios. Ibarra y sus provincias de 1534 a 1932. Quito: Impr. del Clero, 1934-1935. 2 v. A classic albeit traditional history of San Miguel de Ibarra and the northern provinces of Imbabura and Carchi. 6220. Navas de Pozo, Yolanda. Angamarca en el siglo XVI, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1990. 143 p. An ethnohistorical study of Angamarca in the Corregimiento of Tacunga, apparently an enclave of Colorados. 6221. Nicol Lpez, Gerardo. La Provincia de Tungurahua. Ambato: Municipio de Ambato, 1987. 293 p. 6222. Nicol Lpez, Gerardo. Tierra de Tungurahua. Ambato: Edit. Atenas, 1960. 152 p. 6223. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones de Cotacahi. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 49 p. 6224. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones de Imbabura, 2 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 311 p. 6225. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones de La Esperanza. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 50 p. 6226. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones de Otavalo, Imbabura. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1985. 50 p. 6227. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones de Pesillo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 52 p. 6228. Obando A., Segundo. Tradiciones del Chota. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985. 44 p. Items 6223-6224 are a series of brief, profusely illustrated, popular histories of indigenous pueblos in the northern highlands. Obando, a priest, is more or less ethnohistorical in his approach. 6229. Olano, Antonio. De Popayn a Quito: impresiones de viaje. Quito: Tip. y Encuadernacin Salesianas, 1929-1930. 2 v. 6230. Oa Villarreal, Humberto; and Ketty Ruales de Oa. Historia y geografa de la Provincia de Imbabura, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Edit. del Pacfico, 1988. 138 p. 6231. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Panorama econmico y social del Corregimiento de Quito, 1768-1775, Revista de Indias, 36:145/146 (jul./dic. 1976), 83-98. A quantitative study of the rural economy of the Corregimiento of Quito (more or less equivalent to the modern Province of Pichincha) circa 1770. Based on a detailed encabezamiento de alcabalas in the Archivo General de Indias. 6232. Paisaje y alma de Otavalo: antologa, [recopilada por] Virgilio A. Chaves Valdospinos. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn , 1978. 225 p.

6233. Paz y Mio, Luis T. Monografa de la Provincia de Pichincha. Quito: Tip. y Encuad. Salesianas, 1922. 20 p. 6234. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Coague, o, Historia cultural y social de los negros del Chota y Salinas. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1959. 307 p. (Llacta; ao 4, vol. 7) About one third of this work is actually given over to the history of blacks in the Province of Imbabura, especially to that of slaves on the former Jesuit estates and of their manumission during the independence and early national periods. This and items 6235, 6236, and 6238 are data rich, but, unfortunately, poorly articulated. They also lack indexes. 6235. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Katekil, o, Historia cultural del campesinado de Chimborazo. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1957. 322 p. (Llacta; ao 2, vol. 4) Not withstanding its alternative title, this is not a history but a study of demographic, economic, and social conditions among the rural inhabitants of the Province of Chimborazo as of the early and mid 1950s. 6236. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Yunga n, o, Historia cultural y social del campesinado de la Provincia de Bolvar. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1958. p. 1-241. (Llacta; ao 3, vol. 5-6) Although this monograph contains a brief chapter on the prehispanic period, by and large it is a study of the rural population of Bolvar as it was during the first half of the 1950s. Published together with Aquiles R. Prez T., Contribucin al conocimiento de la prehistoria de los pueblos del norte del territorio de la Repblica del Ecuador (item 1120). 6237. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los seores del norte andino del Reyno de Quito: los Puentos, Angos, Tulcanaza, Tagues, Paspuel, Tusa y Guachagmira. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1993. 199 p. 6238. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; Alfredo Costales Samaniego; and Fausto Jordn Bucheli. Tungurahua: estudio socio-econmico de la Provincia de Tungurahua. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1961. 441 p. (Llacta; no. 13) Includes three background chapters on the Indians of the province during the colonial period, especially on conditions in 1600s, and on the historical demography of the province. Most of the data in this work, however, appear to date from field work undertaken and statistics compiled during the second half of the 1950s. 6239. Pesillo: documentos para su historia, [compilacin y edicin de] Piedad y Alfredo Costales S. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 174 p. An anthology of sources relating to a major hacienda near Quito. Consists mostly of visita and census materials from the colonial and national periods. See also items 6299 and 8024. 6240. Pichincha, monografa histrica de la regin nuclear ecuatoriana, compilador, Segundo E. Moreno Ynez. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1981. 565 p.

Includes chapters: by Moreno on La poca aborigen (p. 31-174); by Christiana Borchart de Moreno on La conquista espaola (p. 175-191) and El perodo colonial (p. 193-274); and by Marcelo F. Naranjo and Helena Landzuri on La independencia y las vicisitudes de la Gran Colombia: Quito en el Departamento del Sur (p. 275-285) and La repblica y la poca contempornea (p. 287-423). 6241. Pinto y Guzmn, J. Benjamn. Nmina de los corregidores de Otavalo, desde 1554 hasta 1845. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1929. 28 p. 6242. Pomeroy, Cheryl. The Salt of Highland Ecuador: Precious Product of a Female Domain, Ethnohistory, 35:2 (Spring 1988), 131-160. 6243. Pomeroy, Cheryl. El significado de la sal para las culturas andino-ecuatorianas. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1986. 71 p. Items 6242 and 6243 are ethnohistorical and ethnographic studies of the rle of salt in the Indian and peasant culture of the highlands. The ethnographic data come from field work in Salinas, Bolvar. 6244. Ponce Ch., Zenn. Monografa del Cantn Montfar: San Gabriel-Carchi. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1955. 419 p. 6245. Powers, Karen Vieira. The Battle for Bodies and Souls in the Colonial North Andes: Intraecclesiastical Struggles and the Politics of Migration, Hispanic American Historical Review, 75:1 (Feb. 1995), 31-56. A fascinating essay on attempts by secular clergy and regular orders, especially Franciscans, to manipulate lower caste agency, in the form of Indian population movements and resultant mestizaje for institutional and personal purposes, including struggle between seculars and regulars for parishes and supremacy, in Corregimiento of Latacunga in the 1600s. Enriches and enlivens multiple aspects of the historiography of the central highlands. 6246. Powers, Karen Vieira. Indian Migration, the Textile Industry, and Socioeconomic Change in the Audiencia of Quito: Seventeenth Century, Etnicidad, economa y simbolismo en los Andes: II Congreso Internacional de Etnohistoria, Coroico, Silvia Arze [et al.], compiladoras; Ana Mara Lorandi [et al.] (La Paz: Hisbol; Lima: IFEA, 1992), p. 351-362. 6247. Pozo, Eliana; and Augusto Espinosa A. Diagnstico socio-econmico y financiero de la micro y pequea industria de la Provincia del Chimborazo. Quito: INSOTEC, Departamento de Investigaciones Industriales: CEDEP, 1989. 65 leaves. 6248. Pozo, Eliana; and Augusto Espinosa A. Diagnstico socio-econmico y financiero de la pequea industria de la Provincia de Tungurahua. Quito: INSOTEC, Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-econmicas y Tecnolgicas: CEDEPI, 1989. 58 leaves. 6249. Preston, David A. From Hacienda to Family Farm: Changes in Environment and Society in Pimampiro, Ecuador, Geographical Journal, 156:1 (Mar. 1990), 31-38. A study of changes in land use and ownership in the Canton of Pimampiro, Province of Imbabura, from 1900 through 1983. Based on historical research and field work spanning 25 years.

6250. Puga Arroyo, Miguel. Los Puentos en Cayambe y Tabacundo: siglos XVI al XVIII. Quito: Offsett Impresores, 1992. 237 p. (Coleccin Medio milenio; vol. 3) An ethnohistorical study of caciques of Cayambe and Tabacundo. Published together with Fernando Jurado Noboa, El proceso de blanqueamiento en el Ecuador: de los Puento a los Egas (item 3328). 6251. Pusir: una comunidad de cultura negra en el can de El Chota, [Alfredo Costales Samaniego et al.]. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Previsin, Departamento de Informacin, Reclamaciones e Investigacin Social, 1953. 101 p. (Informe, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa; no. 2) Pusir is a hamlet in the Parish of Los Andes in the Canton of Montfar, Province of Carchi. 6252. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. Del cacicazgo andino a la hacienda: la transformacin del espacio productivo en Cayambe, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 639-654. 6253. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. La cara oculta de la hacienda colonial: la visin andina en Cayambe, siglo XVII, Reproduccin y transformacin de las sociedades andinas, siglos XVIXX: simposio auspiciado por el Social Science Research Council, SSRC, Segundo Moreno Y., Frank Salomon, compiladores, 1 ed. (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: MLAL, Movimiento Laicos para Amrica Latina, 1991), t. 2, p. 415-440. Argues that to some extent indigenes attempted to manipulate haciendas to their own advantage, at least during the initial process of formation of haciendas in the 1600s, in order to maintain or recreate pre-conquest agencies of identity, internal solidarity, and territoriality. Also examines extent to which hacendados assumed the role of caciques and ayllus. 6254. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. El poder y los norandinos: la historia en las sociedades norandinas del siglo XVI. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1990. 256 p. A well researched study of the incorporation of the Pastos and the Litas into the Tahuantinsuyu and subsequently into the colonial state. 6255. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. La resistencia andina: Cayambe, 1.500-1.800. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1987. 284 p. A detailed, solidly documented ethnohistory of the Cacicazgo of Cayambe from the 1400s through the 1700s. Focuses on indigenous resistance and survival, especially on the Hacienda of Guachal. 6256. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. Tierras y manos indias: la recuperacin del suelo en las comunidades andinas de Chimborazo, 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1993. 135 p. 6257. Rebolledo G., Loreto. Comunidad y resistencia: el caso de Lumbis en la colonia. Quito: FLACSO, Sede Ecuador: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 321 p. Publishes her 1987 masters thesis: Tierras, indgenas, transformaciones: el caso de Lumbis durante la colonia.

6258. Refining Soil Conservation Strategies in the Mountain Environment: the Climatic Factor, an Ecuadorian Case Study, C.P. Staver [et al.], Mountain Research and Development, 11:2 (May 1991), 127-144. 6259. Respuesta andina al sismo: Cayambe 87, Eric Dudley [et al.]. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1988. 191p. 6260. Riesgos naturales en Quito: lahares, aluviones y derrumbes del Pichincha y del Cotopaxi, coordinador, Pierre Peltre. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Colegio de Gegrafos del Ecuador, 1989. 90 p. 6261. Rohn, Lilo. Mujeres y resistencia acerca del papel de las mujeres en el levantamiento de Otavalo 1777, Antropologa (Quito), 4 (1987), 91-102. 6262. Romoli, Kathleen. Las tribus de la antigua jurisdiccin de Pasto en el siglo XVI, Revista colombiana de antropologa, 21 (1977/1978), 11-55. 6263. Saint-Geours, Yves. La sierra centro y norte (1830-1925), Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 143-188. A superb survey of the demographic, economic, and social history of the northern and central highlands from the separation of Ecuador from Gran Colombia through the eve of the July Revolution. Reflects considerable original research and a solid grasp of the published literature. 6264. Saint-Geours, Yves. La sierra du Nord et du centre en Equateur, 1830-1875, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 13:1/2 (1984), 1-15. Also published in Spanish as Economa y sociedad: la sierra centro-norte (1830-1875), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 37-68. The Spanish version is the lead essay in a triptych on the demographic, economic, and social history of the three major regions in the 1800s. See also items 6017 and 6353. 6265. Salazar, Francisco Javier. Una excursin a Baos. Quito: Impr. de Valencia, 1855. 12 p. 6266. Salomon, Frank. Don Pedro de Zmbiza, un varayuj del siglo XVI, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 25:42 (1975 [i.e., 1980]), 285-315. An original ethnohistorical study of one of the most important ethnic lords of postconquest Quito. 6267. Salomon, Frank. Seis comunidades indgena en las cercanas de Quito, 1559: la visita de Gaspar de San Martn y Juan Mosquera, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 59:127/128 (ene./dic. 1976), 139-190. An analysis of the visita of 1559, for the full text of which see item 5435. Salomon published only the portion corresponding to Urin Chillo. 6268. Salomon, Frank. Weavers of Otavalo, Peoples and Cultures of Native South America: an Anthropological Reader, 1st ed., edited with introductions by Daniel R. Cross (Garden City: Doubleday/The Natural History Press, 1973), p. 463-492.

An ethnohistorical study of what is now the Canton of Otavalo from circa 500 A.D. through the early 1970s. Apparently the Otavaleos were Caras (also known as Caranquis) in origin. Also published in a slightly revised version under the same title in: Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 420-449. 6269. Salomon, Frank. Yumbo an: la vialidad indgena en el noroccidente de Pichincha y el trasfondo aborigen del camino de Pedro Vicente Maldonado, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 611-626. 6270. Saltos, Augusto Csar. En tierras de Bolvar: tradiciones, estampas y leyendas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1969. 372 p. 6271. San Flix, Alvaro. En lo alto grande laguna. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1974. 351 p. 6272. San Flix, Alvaro. Monografa de Otavalo. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1988. 2 v. A detailed, well documented history of the community and the canton of Otavalo from paleolithic times through the present. 6273. Sandoval, Alejandro Emilio. Monografa de la Provincia de Len. Quito: Impr. y Encuad. Nacionales, 1921. vi, 163 p. 6274. Simitug y Salinas: dos experiencias campesinas. [Guaranda?]: Runacunapac Yachana Huasi, 1985. 35 p. 6275. Sntesis monogrfica de la Parroquia San Lorenzo, Tirso Monar Benavides [et al.]. Guaranda: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Bolvar, 1984. 136 p. 6276. Smith, Vernon. Marketing Agricultural Commodities in Pichincha Province, Geographical Review, 65:3 (July 1975), 353-363. 6277. Snailham, Richard. Sangay Tragedy, Geographical Magazine, 50:2 (Nov. 1977), 129-134. Regarding a frustrated attempt by the author and others to scale Sangay in 1976. See also the exchange between Snailham and Minard L. Hall in ibid., 50:4 (Jan. 1978), 286. 6278. Soasti, Guadalupe. Obraje colonial y mita obrajera, Quitumbe, 8 (jun. 1994), 71-85. Delineates the assignation of Indian labor to the obrajes of Chambo and Licto during the first half of the colonial period. 6279. Soasti, Guadalupe. Obrajeros y comerciantes en Riobamba (s. XVII), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 1 (II sem. 1994), 5-22. An almost wholly original, data rich study of the production of textiles in the Corregimiento of Riobamba in seventeenth century and of the traffic in textiles with Lima. Delineates the role of key families such as the Cepeda and of their obrajes (in this case, Chambo). 6280. Stacey de Valdivieso, Marca. Chaupicruz-Osorio: una hacienda mestiza, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Delta, 1995. 369 p.

6281. Stbel, Alphons. Carta del Dr. A.S. a S.E. el Presidente de la Repblica sobre sus viajes a las montaas Chimborazo, Altar, etc., y en especial sobre sus ascensiones al Tungurahua y Cotopaxi. Quito, 1873. 30 p. 6282. Stutzman, Ronald L. Black Highlanders: Racism and Ethnic Stratification in the Ecuadorian Sierra. 1974. xi, 246 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University. 6283. Stutzman, Ronald L. La gente morena de Ibarra y la sierra septentrional, Sarance, 7 (oct. 1979), 96-110. 6284. Sylva Charvet, Paola. The Decline of the Pre-Capitalist Structure of the Hacienda and the Emergence of Transitional Forms of Production: the Case of the Province of Chimborazo, NS / Northsouth, 7:14 (1982), 67-90. 6285. Sylva Charvet, Paola. Gamonalismo y lucha campesina: (estudio de la sobreviviencia y disolucin de un sector terrateniente): el caso de la Provincia de Chimborazo, 1940-1979. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1986. 250 p. 6286. Tern, Francisco. Seccin de geografa: orografa e hidrografa de la Hoya del Guayllabamba. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1962. 26 p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador) 6287. Tern, Francisco. Visin histrica-geogrfica de las tierras comprehendidas entre el Nudo de Mojanda y el Ro Guayllabamba. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 43 p. 6288. El Terremoto de la zona centro-nororiente del Ecuador, 5 de marzo de 1987, Cinna Lomnitz [et al.]. Lima: Centro Regional de Sismologa para Amrica del Sur, 1987. 163 p. 6289. Thurner, Mark. Hacienda Dissolution, Peasant Struggle, and Land Market in Ecuadors Central Highlands: (Canton Colta, Chimborazo Province). Madison: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Land Tenure Center, 1989. v, 44 p. (Land Tenure Center Research Paper; no. 99) Also published in Spanish as: Disolucin de la hacienda, luchas campesinas, y mercado de tierras en la sierra central del Ecuador, Ecuador debate, 20 (1990), 69-146. 6290. Thurner, Mark. Peasant Politics and Andean Haciendas in the Transition to Capitalism, Latin American Research Review, 28:3 (1993), 41-82. Examines late-nineteenth- and twentieth-century developments on two estates, Gatazo and Culluctus, formerly owned by the Zambrano family in the Colta region of the Province of Chimborazo. 6291. Troncoso Barba, Elas. La campaa de 1900 en Tulcn: (captulo olvidado en la historia contempornea del Ecuador y el sur de Colombia). Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1943. 79 p. 6292. Ulloa Enrquez, Francisco R.; and J. Bayardo Ulloa Enrquez. La tenencia de la tierra en Mira, Provincia del Carchi, Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa (item 559), p. 211-223.

6293. Velasco, Marco. Insubordinacin y conciencia de clase: el proletariado industrial en el Ecuador, 1970-1980. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: INFOC, 1983. 175 p. A study of the organization, growth, and participation in strikes of the working class in the Province of Pichincha in the 1970s. 6294. Velasco Vsconez, Pablo. Monografa de Baos, Provincia de Tungurahua. Quito: Tall. Tipogrficos Nacionales, 1930. 81 p. 6296. Vieira C., Len M. Pequeo ensayo histrico monogrfico del Cantn de Baos. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1959. 44 p. 6297. Villalba F., Jorge. Las haciendas de los jesuitas en Pimampiro en el siglo XVIII: demografa de la regin y tenencia de la tierra, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 7 (1983), 15-60. A well documented essay on the demography of the parish of Pimampiro in the Corregimiento of Ibarra/Province of Imbabura and of the history of privately as well as of Jesuit owned estates in the parish throughout the entire colonial period, not just during the eighteenth century. 6298. Villegas Domnguez, Rodrigo. Historia de la Provincia de Imbabura. Ibarra: Centro de Ediciones Culturales de Imbabura, 1988. 296 p. (Monografa de Imbabura, Enrique Ayala Mora, editor; vol. 1) A new approach history of the Province of Imbabura. 6299. Ynez del Pozo, Jos. Yo declaro con franqueza = Chashnami causashcanchic: memoria oral de Pesillo-Cayambe. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 288 p. Consists of edited transcripts of oral histories of indigenous individuals of Cayambe, especially those associated with the Hacienda of Pesillo. See also item 6239. 6300. Ynez Quirola, Francisco Gerardo. Monografa de la parroqua de Columbe, Provincia del Chimborazo, 1579-1991, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 150 p. 6301. Zumrraga, Pedro Manuel. Monografa del Cantn Antonio Ante. Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1949. 396 p. Nearly half of this work is given over to the history of Atuntaqui and its district through 1930. 6302. Zumrraga, Pedro Manuel. Suplemento de la Monografa del Cantn Antonio Ante. Quito: La Unin, 1963. 158 p. 6303. Ziga, Neptal. La Provincia de Len: monografa. Quito: Impr. de la Escuela de Artes e Industrias, 1936. 232 p. A description and history of the Province of Cotopaxi.

SOUTHERN HIGHLANDS

In addition to the works cited below, see also: Apuntes para la historia del Caar:[memorias de la XV Jornadas de Historia Social, 1992] . Quito: Instituto Andino de Artes Populares del Convenio Andrs Bello, 1992. 144 p.

6304. Achig S., Lucas. La estructura administrativa de la Gobernacin de Cuenca, Revista del IDIS, 5:7 (sept. 1979), 51-109. A well written and researched essay on the institutional history of the Governorship of Cuenca. Also published in: Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 2 (1980), 7-51. 6305. Achig S., Lucas. La estructura de poder en relacin con los sistemas e instituciones administrativas de Espaa en los siglos XVI y XVII, y su expansin en el Nuevo Mundo: el caso de Cuenca, Segundo Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador (item 574) t. 1, p. 169-217. A provisional attempt to establish a model of the administrative structure and economic basis of the Corregimiento of Cuenca in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Based on secondary sources and published sources inasmuch as the author freely admits his inability to read manuscript materials of the period. Also published in: Revista del IDIS, 6 (1979), 129-197. 6306. Achig S., Lucas; and Diego Mora Castro. Exaccin tributaria y motines indgenas en el Azuay: 1830-1895, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 7 (1987), 82-104. Demonstrates that taxes and tithes continued to be used during the early-national period to maintain the power of the state and the church at the expense of Indians and that local natives resisted exploitation actively as well as passively. Also published in: Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 245-267. 6307. Achig S., Lucas; and Ivn Gonzlez. Estructura social y luchas populares en el Azuay contemporneo, Revista del IDIS, 15 (jun. 1985), 13-86. 6308. Aguilar de Tamariz, Mara Leonor. Joyera del Azuay, 1 ed. Cuenca: Centro Interamericano de Artesanas y Artes Populares, 1988. xiii, 226 p. 6309. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Acotaciones a las relaciones geogrficas de Indias concernientes a la Gobernacin de Cuenca. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1951. 292 p. Glosses the 1582 Relacin que embio a mandar Su Magestad se hiziese desta ciudad de Cuenca y de toda su provincia. Consists of copious notes, based on Albornozs extensive knowledge of coeval sources, on the state of the city and the corregimiento in the late-sixteenth century. 6310. Aldana Rivera, Susana. Esbozo de un eje de integracin: el comercio Piura-LojaCuenca, siglo XVIII tardo, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 8 (1989), 108-129. A pioneering study of trade between southern Ecuador and northern Peru in the late eighteenth century. Based mostly on original research in Piura and Trujillo.

6311. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. Indios y negros bajo el dominio espaol en Loja, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 311 p. Consists of research notes and transcriptions of sources on Indians (relating especially to caciques and communities) and black slaves in the Corregimiento of Loja. Drawn from notarial records, the Vacas Galindo Collection, and the Archivo Nacional de Historia. Incorporates item 6313. 6312. Anda Aguirre, Alfonso. La trata de negros en Loja, Cultura, 8:22 (mayo/ago. 1985), 197-216. Also consists of research notes on the buying and selling and manumission of slaves in the city and Province of Loja during the colonial period. Chronologically organized. Reprinted in item 6314. 6313. Andrade, Cecilia. Las federaciones provinciales de trabajadores del Azuay (19601980), Revista del IDIS, 21 (abr. 1989), 243-303. 6314. Azuay y Caar: desarrollo econmico, situacin agraria y forestal, Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 219 p. A detailed report on economic conditions and prospects for development in the Provinces of Azuay and Caar as of the early 1950s. 6315. Azuay: pensamiento y cultura = Thought and Culture. Cuenca: Romlacio Editor, 1991. 2 v. (Enciclopedia de las provincias del Ecuador = Encyclopedia of the Provinces of Ecuador) In Spanish and English. 6316. Baud, Michel. Campesinos indgenas contra el Estado: la huelga de los indgenas de Azuay, 1920/21, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 4 (I sem. 1993), 41-72. A wholly original albeit preliminary study of a virtually forgotten uprising, the Indian strike of 1920/1921. A major contribution to the nascent social and economic history of twentieth century Azuay. 6317. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. El cura prroco, los indgenas y el poder local: etnohistoria poltica del Azuay, Accin (Quito),2 poca, 10 (oct. 1987), 5-15. 6318. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Tradition orale, histoire populaire et indianit dans une socit paysanne de la Sierra mridionale, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-bresilien (Caravelle), 34 (1980), 83-98. 6319. Borrero Crespo, Maximiliano. Corregidores y gobernadores de Cuenca, 1557-1822, Revista del Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Genealgicas y Antropolgicas, 4/5:6 (dic. 1985), 13-58. A useful list in chronological order, replete with biographical details, of corregidores and governors of the Corregimiento/Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Cuenca. Based on extensive archival research.

6320. Borrero Vega, Ana Luz. El paisaje rural en el Azuay. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1989. 270 p. 6321. Bravo Guerreira, Mara Concepcin. Un proceso de regionalizacin precoz en el Virreinato del Per: el caso de Loja, siglos XVI-XIX, Revista de Indias, 48:182/183 (ene./ago. 1988), 23-58. Two essays in one. The first delineates the ethnohistory of the Pacamoros, Paltas, and Malacatos prior to and after their subjugation by the Incas. The second examines demographic, economic, and social developments in the Province of Loja during the colonial period. 6322. Caillavet, Chantal. Mapas coloniales de haciendas lojanas, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 513-531. Reproduces and describes one seventeenth-century and eight eighteenth-century, previously unknown, maps of rural Loja, mostly of haciendas. 6323. Caillavet, Chantal. Les rouages conomiques dune socit minire: changes et crdit, Loja, 1550-1630, Bulletin dInstitut franais dtudes andines, 13:3/4 (1984), 31-63. Studies the economic bonanza of the second half of the sixteenth century and the crisis of the seventeenth century in the Province of Loja. The prosperity of the 1500s was fueled by gold mining and the decline of the 1600s intensified by censos, previously a credit mechanism but now a burden of debt. Also published in Spanish as: Los mecanismos econmicos de una sociedad minera: intercambios y crdito: Loja, 1550-1630, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 2:3 (1988), 19-62. 6324. Castillo Vivanco, Jos Bolvar; and Rafael Len Palacios. El desarrollo de la regin sur del Ecuador. Loja: Programa Regional para el Desarrollo de la Regin Sur, 1984. 283 p. 6325. Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago. Departamento de Planificacin Regional. Evaluacin del plan integral de desarrollo regional, 1978-1982. Cuenca: Direccin de Planificacin, Departamento de Planificacin Regional, 1984. 145 p. See also item 6328. 6326. Cisternos Gutirrez, Daro A. El Cantn Calvas: sntesis monogrfica. Loja: Consejo Municipal Calvas Cantn, 1953. 60 p. Calvas is the southernmost district in the Province of Loja. Its capital is Cariamanga. 6327. Clavijo Martnez, Ezequiel. La cantonizacin de Caar en la historia. Caar: Concejo Cantonal de Caar, 1959. 89 p. 6328. El comportamiento econmico de las Provincias de Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago, 1974-1980, C.R.E.A., Departamento de Planificacin Regional; Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1982. iv, 118, [117] p. Includes a statistical appendix (not paginated).

6329. La Conquista de Jan de Bracamoros, Yaguarizongo y Mainas: documentos de la Corte Suprema de Quito, descifracin y notas de Rafael Eculides Silva, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 315-319. 6330. Cordero Espinosa, Claudio; Lucas Achig S.; and Adrin Carrasco Vintimilla. La regin centro-sur, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 5 (1985), 1352. A cogent outline of the then existing state of knowledge and supposition about the demographic, economic, political, and social characteristics of and cycles in the Provinces of Caar and Azuay. 6331. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Estudios histricos: seleccin, [presentacin y bibliografa, Juan Cordero Iigez]. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1985. xxxiii, 565 p. (Coleccin histrica; 9) Reprints: El Azuay histrico (1926), originally published in Monografa del Azuay (item 6396); Crnicas documentadas para la historia de Cuenca (1920) (item 1601) and Vida de Abdn Caldern (1921) (item 3132). The front matter includes Bibliografa de Octavio Cordero Palacios (p. xxv-xxx) and Bibliografa sobre Octavio Cordero Palacios (p. xxxixxxiii). 6332. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Miscelnea histrica del Azuay. Cuenca: Concejo Cantonal, 1915. 142, 12 p. Reprinted: 1943. 174 p. 6333. Cordero y Len, Rigoberto. Paisajes del sur. Cuenca: Tall. Tip. del Concejo Cantonal de Cuenca, 1946. 40 p. 6334. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Encomiendas de Cuenca, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 5 (nov. 1921), 25-30. 6335. Criterios de la Gobernacin de Cuenca acerca de la depresin econmica de finales del siglo XVIII, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 2 (1980), 75-104. A 1791 expediente in which the governor, the members of the Cabildo, and other local dignitaries recommended measures to alleviate the depressed state of the economy and to promote prosperity. 6336. Cuesta, Jos Martn. Jan de Bracamoros. Lima: Libr. Studium, 1984-1989. 5 v. A well researched political and ecclesiastical history of the city and province of Jan de Bracamoros--part of the Audiencia and Presidency of Quito during the colonial period--from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth century. 6337. Cuesta Heredia, Jos; and Luis Araneda Altero. La industria regional: Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago a 1981. Cuenca: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Sede en Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Empresariales, 1982. xxxvi, 280 p. 6338. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. Historia de la minera en Cuenca, 1 ed. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1986. ii, 132 p.

A history of gold and silver mining in the Corregimiento / Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Cuenca. 6339. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. Historia del Corregimiento de Cuenca, 1557-1777. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 675 p. (Coleccin histrica; 19) The authors doctoral dissertation. A detailed history of what are now the Provinces of Azuay and Caar from the Spanish conquest through the establishment of the Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Cuenca. Solidly documented but methodologically unsophisticated. Based almost entirely on original research. 6340. Chacn Zhapn, Juan. La repblica de los indios en la antigua Provincia de Cuenca, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 3 (1981), 9-37. A somewhat anachronistic overview of Spanish treatment of Indians in what are now the provinces of Caar and Azuay. Redeemed by archival data on local kurakas or ethnic lords. Also published in: Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6347), p. 1-29. 6341. Chacn Zhapn, Juan; Pedro Soto; and Diego Mora Castro. Historia de la Gobernacin de Cuenca (1777-1820): estudio econmico-social. Cuenca: Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politcnicas (CONUEP): Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IDIS): I. Municipalidad de Cuenca: Direccin de Cultura: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay: Gobernacin del Azuay, 1993. 545 p. Notwithstanding the subtitle, a comprehensive history of what are now the Provinces of Caar and Azuay from the establishment of the Gobierno Poltico y Militar de Cuenca in 1777 through the establishment of the Provincia Libre e Independiente de Cuenca in 1820. Like the principal authors Historia del Corregimiento de Cuenca (item 6341), based almost entirely on original research. Includes 319 pages of time series of demographic and economic data, that, unfortunately, are not altogether reliable inasmuch as the authorss grasp of quantitative methodology is inadequate. 6342. Deler, Jean-Paul. Structures de lespace entre Loja et Piura: continuits, transitions et diffrenciation transfrontalire, Bulletin dInstitut franais dtudes andines, 20:2 (1991), 279294. 6343. Eguiguren Valdivieso, Genaro. El gobierno federal de Loja: la crisis de 1858. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 131 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 41) The first detailed examination of the role played by the city and province of Loja in the civil war of 1859-1861. 6344. Encalada Vsquez, Oswaldo. Toponimias azuayas, 1 ed. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 526 p. A historical linguistic study. 6345. Ensayos sobre historia regional: la regin centro sur. Cuenca: Ncleo del Azuay de la Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 309 p. Six essays--for the specifics of which see items 6342, 6354, 6373, 6404, 6426, and 6667--all of which reflect original research, by ten scholars affiliated with the Instituto de Investigaciones

Sociales of the Universidad de Cuenca on the economic and social history of the Provinces of Azuay and Caar from the Spanish conquest through the first half of the twentieth century. Originally presented at the Tercer Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, held at the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales in Nov. 1980. 6346. Erazo Vallejo, Marco T. Apuntes sobre la geologa y estructura del valle de Cuenca. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1957. 40 p. 6347. Espinosa, Roberto. Contra calumnias, verdades. Cuenca: Tip. Progreso, 1912. 39 p. A Declaracin sobre los hechos polticos de 1912 acaecidos en la Provincia del Caar. 6348. Espinoza, Leonardo. Poltica fiscal de la provincia de Cuenca: resea histrica presupuestaria, 1779-1861, Segundo Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador, (item 574), vol. 1, p. 61-125. A quantitative study of public finance in and fiscal policy of what are now the Provinces of Caar and Azuay during the late-colonial, independence, and early-national periods. Provides a badly needed data base for reconstructing the economic history of Cuenca and its district. Based on archival research, especially treasury records. Also published in: Revista del IDIS, 6 (1979), 1-76; and in: Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 1 (1979), 11-67, 213246. 6349. Espinoza, Leonardo. Sntesis del proceso histrico de la Provincia del Azuay, Revista del IDIS, 14 (jun. 1985), 11-46. 6350. Espinoza, Leonardo; and Lucas Achig S. Economa y sociedad en el siglo XIX: sierra sur, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 7, p. 69-101. A knowledgeable and insightful sketch of the demographic, economic, and social history of the Provinces of Azuay, Caar, and Loja from 1771 through 1895. 6351. Espinoza, Leonardo; and Lucas Achig S. Proceso de desarrollo de las Provincias de Azuay, Caar y Morona Santiago: breve historia econmica y social de la regin caari. Cuenca: Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago, 1981. 213, [8] p. A solid economic and social history of the Provinces of Caar and Azuay. Reflects considerable original research. 6352. Espinoza, Leonardo; Lucas Achig S.; and Rubn Martnez. La Gobernacin colonial de Cuenca: formacin social y produccin mercantil simple (aproximacin terico-histrica), Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6347), p. 81-117. 6353. Espinoza Campoverde, Julio; and German Jcome Vsquez. Estudio toponmico en el rea del Parque Nacional del Cajas y en la Parroquia central de Girn, Provincia del Azuay. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1988. 402 p. 6354. Fauroux, Emmanuel. Cambio social y utilizacin diferencial del medio natural: el ejemplo de Loja, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 673-689.

An excellent introduction to the rural history of the Province of Loja from the emergence of latifundios in the early colonial period through their breakup in the 1960s and 1970s (indirectly initiated by the Agrarian Reform of 1964 and culminating in the peasant takeovers of 1968). Includes a section on PREDESUR (established in 1974). 6355. Fauroux, Emmanuel. Poder regional e instituciones regionales en la Provincia de Loja desde principios del siglo XX: ejes de una investigacin, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 235-253. A preliminary report on authors research on the political and social history of the Province of Loja in the 1900s. 6356. El Ferrocarril del Sur: 1908-1933. Quito: Impr. La Industria, 1933. 70 p. 6357. El Ferrocarril del Sur y los derechos del Ecuador: artculos publicados en el ao 1907. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1916. 128 p. 6359. Galarza Zavala, Jaime. Los campesinos de Loja y Zamora. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1973. 257 p. 6360. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. 400 aos de cultura lojana. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1977. 334 p. (Fisonoma de Loja; [4]) 6361. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. El Cantn Puyango es as. Loja: Edit. Olivia, 1957. 172 p. 6362. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. Estirpes derrotados: las comunidades indgenas. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1974 158 p. 6363. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. Historia social del sur ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1991. 414 p. 6364. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. Paltas, Incas y Viracochas: historia de los vencidos. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1970. 236 p. (Fisonoma de Loja; [1]) This vol. together with item 6366, Loja: su folklore (which I have not seen), and item 6361-in that order--constitute a four vol. set rich in apparently accurate data on virtually every aspect of the history of the Province of Loja and its capital. Unfortunately, however, Gallardo Moscoso does not know how to organize or to interpret facts and figures. 6365. Gallardo Moscoso, Hernn. Presencia de Loja y su provincia: antropologa social. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1978. 510 p. (Fisonoma de Loja; [2]) 6366. Gallegos, Gerardo. Erranzas por tierras australes. Guayaquil: Libr. e Impr. La Reforma, 1924. 1 v. Cuenca, Loja, and their provinces in the 1920s. Only vol. published. 6367. Garca Negrete, Jorge. La Provincia del Azuay dentro del marco de la geopoltica ecuatoriana, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 22 (dic. 1985), 31-54. 6368. Gondard, Pierre. Interrogantes en torno a la regin sur, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 343-350.

6369. Gondard, Pierre. Ritmos pluviomtricos y contrastes climticos en la Provincia de Loja, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 39-58. 6370. Gondard, Pierre. La utilizacin del suelo y los paisajes vegetales en la Provincia de Loja: aproximacin a los sistemas de produccin agrcola, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 285330. 6371. Gonzlez Aguirre, Ivn; and Paciente Vzquez. Movilizaciones campesinas en Azuay y Caar durante el siglo XIX, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 3 (1981), 38-91. Also published in: Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6346), p. 179-232. 6372. Guaman Daz, Francisco; Philippe Barret; and Bernard Darregert. Evolucin de los sistemas de produccin agropecuaria en Centro Loja-Sur Ecuador, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 331-342. 6373. Guerrero Carrin, Trosky. La descapitalizacin del agro y la situacin campesina: anlisis sobre la zona centro Loja. Loja: Universidad Nacional de Loja, 1986. iii, 101 p. 6374. Henrquez, Guillermo. Estructura de clases regionales, Revista del IDIS, 26 (dic. 1990), 37-140. A quantitative study of class structure in contemporary Azuay and Caar, utilizing the census results of 1962, 1974, and 1982, and other statistical sources. See also item 6377. 6375. Henrquez, Guillermo. Estructura econmica y poblacin en el Azuay: 1950-1982, Revista del IDIS, 20 (dic. 1988), 79-97. 6376. Henrquez, Guillermo. Evolucin de la fuerza de trabajo del Cantn Paute: 19621982, Revista del IDIS, 20 (dic. 1988), 99-119. 6377. Hirschkind, Lynn. History of the Indian Population of Caar, Colonial Latin America Historical Review, 4:3 (Summer 1995), 311-342. Reviews the post-conquest history of the preconquest ethnic group known as the Caaris. Maintains that for a variety of reasons, including displacement by the Incas and decimation by the former as well as by Spanish conquistadores and colonists, the Indian population of the postindependence Provinces of Caar and Azuay ceased to be culturally distinctive by the late colonial period, if not earlier than that, and in fact became simply what for want of a better term may be described as highland Quichua-speakers. For an opposing view see item 8072. Hirschkind fails to take into account the survival of Caaris as a separate ethnic group in Peru, at least in Cuzco. See: Carolyn Dean, Ethnic Conflict and Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco, Colonial Latin American Review, 2:1/2 (1993), 93-120. 6378. Iglesias. Angel Mara. Caar, sntesis histrica. Azogues: Edit. Amrica, 1977. 130 p. 6379. Iglesias. Angel Mara. Los Caaris: aspectos histricos y culturales. Azogues: Impr. Amrica, 1987. 156 p. A popular survey of Caari history from pre-Inca times through the present.

6380. Jaramillo Alvarado, Clodoveo. Loja contempornea. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg, 1920. 118 p. 6381. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Crnicas y documentos al margen de la historia de Loja y su provincia. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1974. 231 p. 6382. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Historia de Loja y su provincia, 2 ed. Loja: Consejo Provincial de Loja, 1982. xxxix, 445, [15] p. The classic history of the southernmost province. Only the illustrations in the 2 ed. are new. Originally published: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana,1955. 6383. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Perfiles y aoranzas. Loja: Consejo Provincial de Loja, 1984. 86 p. A potpourri of essays on personages and historical vignettes of Loja and its province. 6384. Jaramillo Palacio, Jos Mara. Los animados muecos de barro: relatos de la vida real. Quito: Edit. Arboleda Offset, 1991. 266 p. 6385. Jornadas de Historia Social (8: 1989: Loja, Ecuador). Memorias VIII Jornadas de Historia Social, Loja, junio 8-10, 1989. Quito: SAG, Comisin Permanente de Publicaciones, [1989]. 280 p. A set of miscellaneous essays on various aspects of the history of Loja, especially on the genealogy of prominent families. 6386. Juicios imparciales: Ferrocarril del Sur. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1892. 175 p. 6387. Len Ramrez, Germn. Tierra y alma del Caar: ensayo. Cuenca: Offset Color Cuenca, 1980. 173 p. 6388. Maldonado Obregn, Alfredo. Memorias del Ferrocarril del Sur y los hombres que lo realizaron. Quito: Empresa de Ferrocarriles del Estado, 1977. 331 p. 6389. Malo de Ramrez, Gloria. Las telas encauchadas de Baos, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 4 (1973), 67-87. Also published in: Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 67-87. Reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), p. 11-137. 6390. Matovelle, Julio Mara. Cuenca de Tomebamba: breve resea histrica de la provincia de este nombre en el antiguo Reino de Quito. Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad, 1921. 208 p. 6391. Merisalde y Santisteban, Joaqun de. Relacin histrica, poltica y moral de la ciudad de Cuenca, poblacin y hermosura de su provincia, Tres tratados de Amrica (siglo XVIII) (Madrid: Libr. de Victoriano Surez, 1894), p. 7-111. The first publication of a 1765 history and description of the city and province of Cuenca. Reprinted several times, for example in: Cuenca a travs de cuatro siglos (item 6681), vol. 1, p.

17-100; and Compilacin de crnicas, relatos y descripciones de Cuenca y su provincia (item 6668), vol. 2, p. 155-216. Also published as a separate under the same title: Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 6392. Las Minas de Zamora: cuentas de la Real Hacienda, 1561-1565, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Departamento Municipal de Educacin y Cultura, 1957. viii, 416 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; vol. 27) 6393. Monografa del Azuay, Luis F. Mora y Arqumides Landzuri [compiladores]. Cuenca: Ipr. Burbano Hnos., 1926. 1 v. (not paginated) 6394. Monsalve Pozo, Luis. El Azuay, apunte para una interpretacin de su realidad social, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8315), t. 1, p. 82-113. A useful survey of economic and social conditions in the Province of Azuay as of the 1950s. 6295. Montes del Castillo, Angel. Simbolismo y poder: un estudio antropolgico sobre compadrazgo y priostazgo en una comunidad andina, prlogo de Jos Luis Garca, 1 ed. Barcelona: Anthropos, 1989. 367 p. An anthropological study of the rural community of Pucar--the population of which consists almost entirely of whites and mestizos--in the Cantn Santa Isabel, Province of Azuay, by a psychologist. Based on five years of fieldwork. Important not just as a community study of compadrazgo and priostazgo, but also because the author examines both institutions in terms of their differing usage in the literature and in Ecuador at large. 6396. Mora, Luis F. El Ecuador austral: monografa de la Provincia de Loja con interesantes datos sobre el Cantn Zaruma. Quito: Impr. La Viga y El Clero, 1930. 302 p. 6397. Moscoso C., Martha. La protesta campesina e indgena en el siglo XIX: la regin sur del Ecuador, Memorias del V Congreso Nacional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 269-288. Also published as: Poder republicano y protesta indgena en la Provincia de Azuay: el siglo XIX en Ecuador, Siglo XIX (Monterrey), 5:10 (jul./dic. 1990), 121-148. 6398. Navarro Jimnez, Guillermo. Hacia un modelo de planificacin concertada para la regin sur. Loja: Programa Regional para el Desarrollo de la Regin Sur, 1985. 120 p. 6399. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Colonos y fundaciones castellanas en los Andes y en la Amazonia ecuatorianos del siglo XVI, Castilla y Len en Amrica (Valladolid: Caja Espaa, 1991), vol. 1, p. 293-312. A two part essay. The first part sketch the participation of Castilians in the conquest and colonization of the Audiencia. The second delineates their role in the foundation of Zamora, Valladolid, and Avila in the Oriente, all three of which cities played a major role in the early colonization and exploitation of the Upper Amazon Basin. 6400. Pacheco Ochoa, David A. Leyendas, tradiciones y relatos lojanos. Loja: Consejo Provincial de Loja, 1978-1979. 2 v.

6401. Palomeque, Silvia. Cuenca en el siglo XIX: la articulacin de una regin, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO, Sede Ecuador: Abya-Yala, 1990. 296 p. The authors thesis de maestra, originally presented as: La regin de Cuenca en el siglo XIX. 1987. FLACSO. A major contribution to the demographic and economic history of Azuay and Caar during the 1800s. Based almost entirely on original research. 6402. Palomeque, Silvia. Espacio, especializacin productiva y circulacin mercantil de Cuenca en el siglo XIX, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:7 (1990), 13-110. Consists of excerpts from the authors Cuenca en el siglo XIX (item 6401). 6403. Palomeque, Silvia. Historia econmica de Cuenca y sus relaciones regionales: desde fines del siglo XVIII a principios del XIX, Revista del Archivo Nacional de Historia, Seccin del Azuay, 1 (1979), 104-149, 247-259. A preliminary study of the economic structure and commercial network of the Governorship of Cuenca during the late colonial period, drawing on materials in the Archivo Nacional de Historia: Seccin del Azuay. Also published in abridgement in: Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6346), p. 117-140; and in whole in: Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), t. 1, p. 127-168; and in: Revista del IDIS, 6 (1979), 77-128. See also the authors Continuidad y cambio entre la colonia y la repblica: estudio de los circuitos mercantiles y de las especializaciones regionales en Cuenca, Ecuador, Circuitos mercantiles y mercados en Latinoamrica: siglos XVIII-XIX (Mxico: Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. Jos Mara Luis Mora; Instituto de Investigaciones Histricas UNAM, 1995), p. 235-290. 6404. Palomeque, Silvia. Loja en el mercado interno colonial, HISLA, 2 (1983), 33-45. 6405. Palomeque, Silvia. La sierra sur (1825-1900), Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 69-142. A prcis of Palomeques larger study: Cuenca en el siglo XIX (item 6401). 6406. Paz, Clotario E. El drama de Loja. Quito: Tall. Grf. Americana, 1940. 97 p. 6407. Petitjean, Martine; and Yves Saint-Geours. La economa de la cascarilla en el Corregimiento de Loja, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 171-207. A pioneering study of the quinine trade during the late colonial period. 6408. Pietri-Lvy, Anne-Lise. Loja, une province de lEquateur: de lisolement lintgration. Paris: Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1986. 160 p. 6409. Planificacin seccional y planificacin regional: 29 y 30 de marzo de 1988, Macar, Ecuador. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, 1988. iii, 281 p. 6410. Poloni, Jacques. Acats et ventes de terres para les indiens de Cuenca au XVIIe sicle: lments de conjoncture conomique et de stratificacion sociale, Bulletin de lInstitut franes dtudes andines, 21:1 (1992), 279-310.

Analyzes 1,118 notarial records, from 1592-1699, of land sales by Indians in the Corregimiento of Cuenca in order to construct a quantitative matrix for study of various aspects of the economic and social history of the region and of its Indian inhabitants during the mid colonial period. A wholly original (for Ecuador), methodologically sophisticated, and extraordinarily important piece of work. Also published in Spanish as: Compras y ventas de tierras por los indios de Cuenca en el siglo XVII: elementos de coyuntura econmica y de estratificacin social, Memoria, MARKA, 3 (1993), 1-39. 6411. Probanza de don Joan Bistancela, cacique de Toctes: de su noble y limpia sange y de los servicios que prest su padre al rey, [liminar y transcripcin de Guillermo Segarra Iiguez]. Quito: COMINTUR, [1976] 37 p. 6412. Ramrez Salcedo, Carlos. Un da de cosecha en la comunidad de Sicsiwaico, Provincia de Caar, Revista del Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 5 (dic. 1973), 111-125. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 9-23. 6413. Ramn Valarezo, Galo. Loja y Zaruma: entre las minas y las mulas, 1557-1700, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:7 (1990), 111-143. A novel as well as original study of the rise (1580s and 90s) and decline (1620s and 30s) of gold mining in Zaruma and the impact the initial prosperity and subsequent pauperization and quasi depopulation of Zaruma had the hacendados of Loja. 6414. Relaciones coloniales inditas de la Provincia de Loja, [transcripcin y edicin de] Chantal Caillavet, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 441-479. Publishes several early and late colonial period descriptions of the Province of Loja, including eight relaciones geogrficas, one from 1765, and seven from 1808. 6415. Saint-Geours, Yves. La Provincia de Loja en el siglo XIX, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 209-233. The first attempt by anyone to reconstruct the demographic and economic history of the Province of Loja in the 1800s. Based almost entirely on original research. 6416. Salgado, Germnico. Crisis y activacin en una economa regional: la experiencia de Cuenca y su zona de influencia (1950-1970). Cuenca: Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago, 1980. 96 p. Examines and explains the recovery of Cuenca and its zone of influence (i.e., the Provinces of Caar and Azuay) from the collapse of the export market for straw hats, following World War II. Highlights the importance of infrastructure investments, especially those overseen by CREA. Reprinted: Cuenca: Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona-Santiago, 1982. 87 p. 6417. Samaniego, Juan. Monografa sinttica de la Provincia de Loja. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1944. 53 p. 6418. Segarra Iiguez, Guillermo. La comunidad de indios de San Sebastin de Sigsig y sus fabulosos ttulos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia (Quito), 60:129/130 (ene./dic. 1977), 103-141.

6419. La Sociedad azuaya-caari: pasado y presente, compilador, Leonardo Espinoza, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo: IDIS, 1989-. <1> v. < 221> p. OCLC has title entered erroneously as: La Sociedad azuayo-caari. Only vol. known to have been published. 6420. Tcito. La Campaa de Loja en 1886. Loja: Impr. del Seminario, 1887. 32 p. 6421. Tenorio, Pablo. Reproduccin de la fuerza del trabajo, Revista del IDIS, 26 (dic. 1990), 189-211. Parte del proyecto de investigacin Reproduccin de la fuerza de trabajo en la Sierra Centro Sur (Azuay y Caar) desde 1950 en adelante ... See also item 6378. 6422. Un Terrateniente lojano a principios del siglo XVII, [transcripcin y edicin de] Nadia Flores de Nuez, Cultura., 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 489-507. Publishes documents relating to the inventory and liquidization of the estate of Gernimo de Castaeda in 1638. 6423. Survey of the Province of Loja, Ecuador, May-June, 1958, submitted by Lisa Lekis. Quito: United States Operation Mission to Ecuador, 1958. 294 p. 6424. Temme, Mathilde. Wirtschaft und Bevlkerung in SdEcuador: eine soziokonomisch Analyse des Wirtschaftsraumes Loja. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1972. 409 p. A major demographic and economic study of the Province of Loja as of the 1960s and early 1970s. 6425. Vzquez, Paciente. Campesinos del Azuay: economa, sociedad y cultura. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1995. 170 p. 6426. Vintimilla, Mara Augusta. Las formas de resistencia campesina en la sierra sur del Ecuador: (Gran Colombia-primeros aos de la Repblica), Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6347), p. 141-179. 6427. White, Stuart; and Fausto Maldonado. The Use and Conservation of Natural Resources in the Andes of Southern Ecuador, Mountain Research and Development, 11:1 (Feb. 1991), 37-55.

ORIENTE

6428. Amazon crude, Judith Kimerling [et al.]; edited by Susan S. Henriksen. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council, 1991. 131 p. An overview of the detrimental impact of virtually uncontrolled and for all practical purposes unregulated oil development on the environment and cultures of the Oriente. Also published in Spanish as: Crudo amaznico, 1 ed. en espaol. Quito: Abya Yala, 1993. 152 p. For an update, see Kimerling, Oil, Lawlessness and Indigenous struggles in Ecuadors Oriente, Green

Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean: a Reader, edited by Helen Collinson (London: Latin American Bureau, 1996), p. 61-73. N.B. All of Kimerlings charges against the oil industry have been supported and for the most part substantiated by independent research. See, for example, Douglas DeWitt Southgates El desarrollo petrolero en bosque hmedos tropicales: la economa del control de la contaminacin en el Oriente ecuatoriano (Quito: Instituto de Estrategias Agropecuarias, 1992) and his Petroleum Development in Tropical Rainforests: The Economics of Pollution Control in Eastern Ecuador, Ecodecisin, 5 (1992), 78-81, in addition to his and Morris D. Whitakers Economic Progress and the Environment (item 7440). 6429. La Amazonia presente y ... ?, [edicin de Fernando Larrea]; AA.VV. [i.e., autores varios], 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Grupo Ecolgico Tierra Viva: ILDIS, [1988?] 420 p. Publishes papers presented at the Seminario Anlisis Medio Ambiental de la Regin Amaznica held Quito in 1987. 6430. Andrade Marn, Francisco. La regin oriental del Ecuador, o sea, Consideraciones poltico-econmicas sobre el territorio de Oriente. Quito: Impr. de M. Rivadeneira, 1884. 39 p. 6431. Andrade Marn, Francisco. Viaje a la regin oriental del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de M. Rivadeneira, 1884. 16 p. 6432. Ardito Vega, Wilfrido. Obligaciones y sanciones de los indios en las reducciones de Maynas, La Evangelizacin del Per: siglos XVI y XVII: actas del Primer Congreso Peruano de Historia Eclesistica, Arequipa, 1990 ([Arequipa: Arzobispado de Arequipa, 1992?]), p. 365376. 6433. Autos e informacin fechos de oficios de la Real Justicia y por pedimento del Procurador General de la ciudad de Santiago contra los indios Jbaros a S.M., 1653, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 281-301. 6434. Autos fechos y actuados por el general don Martn de la Riva Herrera, sobre conquista de indios infieles, 1646-1655, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 1-117, 352-412. Riva Herrera was the Corregidor of Cajamarca and conqueror of Omaguas, Motilones, Jbaros, Cocamas and other ethnic groups in the Upper Amazon according to his claims. 6435. Barral, Henri. Las transformaciones en la utilizacin del medio en la Amazonia ecuatoriana (Provincia del Napo) a travs de la foto-interpretacin, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 743-756. 6436. Beerman, Eric. Expedicin de Francisco Requena al Ro Caqueta en 1782, Boletn de historia y antigedades, 80:782 (jul./sept. 1993), 671-681. 6437. Beerman, Eric. Pintor y cartgrafo en las Amazonas: Francisco Requena, Anales del Museo de Amrica, 2 (1994), 83-97.

An appreciation of the ten watercolors, which Beerman reproduces, and the eight maps produced by Requena during his years (1778-1785) as a member of the Fourth Boundary Commission. 6438. Beghin, Francisco Javier. Informe sobre las condiciones de servidumbre vigentes en las haciendas del Oriente ecuatoriano, Humanitas, 5 (1964), 112-128. 6439. Bitsch, Jorgen. Across the River of Death: True Adventure in the Green Hell of the Amazon. London: Souvenir Press, 1958. 200 p. 6440. Bravo, Vicente M. Viaje al Oriente, 1905-1906. Quito: Estado Mayor General, 19191920. 2 v. 6441. Bromley, R.J. Agricultural Colonization in the Upper Amazon Basin: The Impact of Oil Discoveries, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 63 (Juli/Aug. 1972), 278294. 6442. Buchwald, Otto von. Caminos al Oriente, Boletn de la Sociedad Geogrfica de Quito, 1 (1911), 78-88. 6443. Bustamante, Teodoro. Larga lucha del Kakaram contra el sucre. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1988. 278 p. A well researched history of the Shuar, formerly known to outsiders as Jbaros. 6444. Capitulaciones fechas por el general don Diego Vaca de Vega, corregidor de Yahuarzongo para la entrada y castigo de los indios Maynas, y otros, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 333-352. 6445. Carvajal, Gaspar de. Relacin del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso Ro Grande de las Amazonas, edicin, introduccin y notas de Jorge Hernndez Millares, 1 ed. Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1955. 157 p. A modern, scholarly acceptable edition of the only first hand account of the discovery and exploration of the Amazon by Francisco de Orellana (1541-1542). The original Spanish edition, Relacin del nuevo descubrimiento del Ro Grande de las Amazonas: segn la relacin hasta ahora indita, con una introduccin histrica y algunas ilustraciones por Jos Toribio Medina (Sevilla: Impr. de E. Rasco, 1894) has been reissued with an added Antecedentes histricos by Octavio Latorre. Quito: Gobierno del Ecuador; the Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas; Museo Antropolgico del Banco Central de Guayaquil, 1992. 279 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana amaznica; vol. 1) Also published in English as: The Discovery of the Amazon According to the Account of Friar Gaspar de Carvajal and Other Documents . . ., introduction by J.T. Medina, translated by Bertram T. Lee. New York: American Geographical Society, 1934. xiv, 467 p. 6446. Causa fecha etc., ... por el Procurador General de Santiago de las Montaas, contra los indios Jbaros sobre muertes y robos, etc., 1653, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 303-332. 6447. Cipolleti, Mara Susana. Lacrimabili statu: Indianische Sklaven in Nordwestamazonien, 17.-20. Jahrhundert, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen

Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opladen: Westdeutschen Verlag, 1990), p. 207-226. An exploratory essay on the nature and practice of slavery among ethnic groups of the Upper Amazon Basin from colonial times through the present. Focuses especially on relations between the Tucano, Zparo, and Omaguas. Also published in a revised Spanish version as: Lacrimabili statu: esclavos indgenas en el noroeste amaznico, siglos XVII-XIX, Revista de Indias, 55:205 (sept./dic. 1995), p. 551-571. Both versions are based on archival research as well as published materials, especially accounts of Jesuit missionaries. 6448. Cipolleti, Mara Susana. Un manuscrito tucano del siglo XVIII: ejemplos de continuidad y cambio en una cultura amaznica, Revista de Indias, 52:194 (ene./abr. 1992), 181-195. Essay on an important ethnohistorical and linguistic find, a 1753 grammar, vocabulary, and catechism in Tucano (still spoken by the Siona / Secoya). The original manuscript is in the New York Public Library. 6449. Complementary Perspectives as a Means of Understanding Regional Change: Frontier Settlement in the Ecuador Amazon, L.A. Brown [et al.], Environment and Planning A, 24:7 (July 1992), 939-961. The complementary perspectives employed are ideographic, context-dependent generalizations, and universally applicable frameworks. A worthwhile, data rich study, notwithstanding the jargon. 6450. Conquista de la regin jvaro, 1550-1650: relacin documental, estudios y compilacin Anne Christine Taylor, Cristbal Landzuri N. Quito: MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 471 p. A basic set of primary source materials. See also item 6470. 6451. Construccin de la Amazonia andina (s. XIX-XX): procesos de ocupacin y transformacin de la Amazonia peruana y ecuatoriana entre 1820 y 1960, Pilar Garca Jordn, coordinadora. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 250 p. 6452. Cordero, Luis. Una excursin a Gualaquiza. Cuenca: Impr. Andrs Cordero, 1875. 37 p. At the time of Corderos visit (apparently undertaken in 1875), Gualaquiza was inhabited by barbarians or Jbaros (i.e., Shuar) and gente civilizada que ha ido a establecerse en la misma. Reprinted in: Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 412-452. 6453. Crespo Toral, Remigio. Conferencia acerca de la colonizacin y caminos a la regin oriental ecuatoriana, es especial al sur. Cuenca: Tip. Catlica , 1919. 65 p. 6454. Custode, Edmundo; and Michel Sourdat. Paisajes y suelos de la Amazonia ecuatoriana: entre la conservacin y la explotacin, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 325-337.

6455. Chiriboga, Luca; and Soledad Cruz. Retrato de la Amazonia: Ecuador, 1880-1945, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1992. 225 p. 6456. DallAlba, Joo Leonir. Pioneros, nativos y colonos: El Dorado en el siglo XX, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Petroecuador; Misin Josefina de Napo, 1992. 442 p. 6457. Defendamos nuestra tierra! Defendamos nuestra vida! Quito: CEDEP; CONFENIAE, 1985. 28 p. 6458. Diagnstico de la Provincia del Napo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Washington, D.C.: Secretara General de la OEA, Departamento de Desarrollo Regional, 1988. 5 v. Contents: vol. 1, Recursos naturales y econmicos; vol. 2, Aspectos demogrficos y sociales; vol. 3, Aspectos regionales; vol. 4, Potencialidades y limites; vol. 5, Mapas de la Provincia del Napo. 6459. Ekstrom, J. Peter. Colonist Strategies of Verticality in an Eastern Valley, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 327-355. 6460. Ekstrom, J. Peter. Responding to a New Ecology: Adaptations of Colonists in Eastern Ecuador, Papers in Anthropology, 16:1 (Spring 1975), 25-38. Items 6459 and 6460 are studies of the settlement and exploitation of the Cuyes Valley in Morona Santiago Province by out-migrants from Gima, a cholo village in southeastern Azuay. See also the authors doctoral dissertation (item 8726). 6461. Estudio socio-econmico de los Ros Amazonas y Napo, IPA (Investigacin y Promocin de la Amazonia). Quito: Publicaciones CETA, [1979?]. 2 v. Contents: vol. 1, Visin de los caseros: muestra y aspectos demogrficos y migratorios de los dos ros; vol. 2, El Trabajo, el comercio y la agricultura en los Ros Amazonas y Napo. 6462. Federacin de Centros Shuar. Federacin de Centros Shuar: solucin original a un problema actual. Suca: La Federacin, 1976. 318 p. 6463. Fernndez de Cevallos, Pedro. La ruta de la canela americana, edicin de Marcelo Fras y Andrs Galera. Madrid: Historia 16, 1992. 246 p. First edition of a 1775-1795 expediente in the Real Jardn Botnico (Madrid) regarding efforts of the first intendant of Jan de Bracamoros, an ambateo, to extract cinnamon from the Land of Cinnamon (i.e., the Canelos district, Quijos province). 6464. Flor, Lino Mara. Caminos al Oriente: opinin y solicitud. Quito: Maquinaria Tipogrfica de J. Senz R., 1903. 23 p. 6465. Fritz, Samuel. Journey of the Travels and Labors of Father Samuel Fritz, in the River of the Amazons between 1686 and 1723, translated from the Evora MS., and edited, with introduction and notes by George Edmundson. London: Hakluyt Society, 1922. viii, 164 p. Not previously published in Spanish, but see: Diario del Padre Samuel Fritz, presentado por Hernn Rodrguez Castelo. Quito: Revista de las Fuerzas Armadas Ecuatorianas, 1997. 154 p. The title of the original MS. is: Ibanomas y otras naciones desde Napo hasta el Ro Nuevo. A major source for the study of the historical geography of the Upper Amazon Basin as well as for

the history of the Jesuit missions in the area. Father Fritz (1656-1725) spent 37 years in the missions and was responsible for the drafting of the first hydrographic map of Amazonia. Fritz is also supposed to have drafted the apparently yet to be published: Geografa de las misiones del Maran: origen y principio de este gran ro y su curso, hasta el Par, desde el ao de 1690 hasta el de 1707. 6466. Garcs, Alicia. La economa colonial y su impacto en las sociedades indgenas: el caso de la Gobernacin de Quijos (Ecuador), siglos XVI-XVII, Amazonia indgena, 12:19 (ene. 1992), 14-23. 6467. Gil Munilla, Ladislao. Descubrimiento del Maran. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1954. xvi, 389 p. A well researched history of the discovery and early explorations of the Amazon River. 6468. Gill, Richard Cochran. White Water and Black Magic. New York: H. Holt, 1940. 369 p. 6469. Gill, Richard Cochran, Mrs. Mrs. Robinson Crusoe in Ecuador, National Geographic Magazine, 65:2 (Feb. 1934), 133-172. The adventures of a young American couple who setup a civilized outpost in the jungle so that Dick might pursue his ethnological studies of primitives (in this case, Canelos Quichua). Different times, different mentalities. See also the preceding item. 6470. La Gobernacin de los Quijos, 1559-1621, Diego Hortegn [et al.]; introduccin e indices, Cristbal Landzuri; compilacin, MARKA, Instituto de Historia y Antropologa Andina. Iquitos, Per: IIAP: CETA, 1989. 464 p. (Monumenta amaznica. A; 1) A major set of primary sources. 6471. Golop, Ann L. The Upper Amazon in Historical Perspective. 1982. xviii, 329 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of New York. 6472. Gonzlez, Angel; and Juan Santos Ortz de Villalba. Biografa de una colonizacin: kms. 7-80, Lago Agrio a Coca. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Culturales de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, [1976?]. 83 p. An account of one of the colonizations of the Oriente by migrants from the highlands. 6473. Gonzlez, Angel; and Juan Santos Ortz de Villalba. Ro Napo: realidad amaznica ecuatoriana. Quito: Ediciones CICAME; Popeya: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1985. 214 p. 6474. Granja, Julio Csar. Nuestro Oriente: de unas notas de un viaje. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1942. 242 p. 6475. Hermessen, J.L. Journey on the Rio Zamora, Ecuador, Geographical Review, 4:4 (Dec. 1917), 434-449. 6476. Hernndez Bello, Miguel. Descripcin del Govierno de Quijos: formada en compendio por su actual gefe el capitn de dragones voluntarios de la septima compaa de Guaranda Dn. Miguel Hernndez Bello, acompaada de una brebe noticia o derrotero del

camino, dispuesta en Archidona, capital de esta governacin, y firmada en Quito, la publica C. de Gangotena y Jijn, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos Americanos, 3:9 (nov./dic. 1919), 257-263. Dated: Sept. 5, 1779. 6477. Hicks, James F. Ecuadors Amazon Region: Development Issues and Options, with the collaboration of Herman E. Daly, Shelton H. Davis, and Mara de Lourdes de Freitas. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1990. xii, 41 p. (World Bank Discussion Papers; 75) Useful for statistics, maps, and other data, but written in stilted, at times barely intelligible bureaucratise. Also published in Spanish as: La regin amaznica del Ecuador: problemas y opciones de desarrollo. Washington, D.C.: Banco Mundial, 1990. xii, 46 p. (Documentos para discusin del Banco Mundial; 75S) 6478. Hiraoka, Mario; and Shozo Yamamoto. Agricultural Development in the Upper Amazon of Ecuador, Geographical Review, 70:4 (Oct. 1980), 423-445. 6479. Holloway, H.L. East of the Ecuadorian Andes, Geographical Journal, 80:3 (Nov. 1932), 410-419. 6480. Informe del gobernador de Quijos, Macas y Canelos, don Vicente Ortiz de Avils, 1766, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:86 (jul./dic. 1955), 270-273. Reports on the distances between parish seats and outlying anexos. 6481. Informe que presenta el gobernador de Bracamoros, Miguel de Peralta, a la Real Audiencia de Quito, sobre su visita de inspeccin a la ciudad de Santo Domingo de las Montaas [1767], Boletn del Archivo Nacional de Historia, 10:16 (jul. 1966), 68-70. 6482. Inventario forestal de la regin amaznica ecuatoriana: convenio interinstitucional entre el Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera (MAG) y el Centro de Levantamientos Integrados de Recursos naturales por Sensores Remotos (CLIRSEN). Quito: DINAF: CLIRSEN, 1985-. <1> v. 6483. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Ferrocarriles al Oriente: de Ambato al Curaray, de Machala a Cuenca, de Puerto Bolvar por Loja al Maran. Quito: Edit. Quito, 1922. 178 p. A potpourri of Jaramillo Alvarados newspaper articles on various aspects of the Oriente, including its history, and suggestions for the regions development, some of which are reprinted in item 6484. The railroads proposed by Jaramillo Alvarado were never built. 6484. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Las provincias orientales del Ecuador: examen histricoadministrativo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1964. 197 p. Primarily a study of the years 1920-1923. 6485. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Tierras de Oriente: caminos, ferrocarriles, administracin, riqueza aurifea. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1936. xxvi, 519 p. 6486. Jornadas Amaznicas Internacionales (1: 1990: Quito, Ecuador). Amazonia nuestra: una visin alternativa, Lucy Ruiz M. (comp). Quito: CEDIME; Abya-Yala; ILDIS, 1991. 552 p.

6487. Jornadas Amaznicas Internacionales (2: 1992: Quito, Ecuador). Amazonia, escenarios y conflictos, Lucy Ruiz M., coordinadora, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIME, 1993. 811 p. 6488. Kavelaars, H.C. The Air Transport Department of the Shell Company of Ecuador: 1937-1950, American Aviation Historical Society Journal, 31:2 (Summer1986), 92-105; 31:3 (Fall 1986), 190-201. 6489. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Ecuador, pas amaznico, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 33:81 (ene./jun. 1953), 105-121. 6490. Latorre, Octavio. La expedicin a la Canela y el descubrimiento del Amazonas, 1a ed. Quito: O. Latorre, 1995. 246 p. A popular and somewhat simplistic account of Orellanas discovery of the Amazon R. Maintains that cinnamon was the commodity that lured the Spaniards down the Andes and into the Oriente. 6491. Latorre, Octavio. Los mapas del Amazonas y el desarrollo de la cartografa ecuatoriana en el siglo XVIII. Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 197 p. Useful but the maps are poorly reproduced. 6492. Len Borja de Szszdi, Dora. El cedulario de la Gobernacin de Yaguarsongo y Pacamoros, Boletn de la Academia Puertorriquea de la Historia, 13:44 (1992), 73-152. Utilizes an apparently previously unstudied record group, the 1571-1643 Cedulario of the Governorship of Yaguarsongo y Pacamoros to detail the history of said governorship and to elucidate the career of its first and almost only governor, Juan de Salinas. Founded during the gold rush of the 1550s, the Governorship of Yaguarsongo y Pacamoros and its several cities (Sevilla de Oro, Logroo, Santiago de las Montaas, etc.) were all but wiped out by the Jivaro uprising of 1599. Solidly documented but it is curious that Len Borja de Szszdi ignores or slights Anda Aguirres biographical study of Salinas and his governorship (item 3001). 6493. Little, Paul E. Ecologa poltica de Cuyabeno: el desarrollo no sostenible de la Amazonia. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1992. 202 p. 6494. Long, Brian. Conflicting Land-Use Schemes in the Ecuadorian Amazon: the Case of Sumaco, Geography, 77:4 (Oct. 1992), 336-348. Regarding the virtually simultaneous but apparently coincidental (i.e., not deliberate) yet nonetheless conflictive designation of the Sumaco area in the Province of Napo as a protected region, where any kind of development is prohibited, and the official sponsorship of the same region as a colonization zone for refugees from the earthquake of 1987. 6495. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La ciudad perdida de Logroo y la ltima fundacin misional en el Reino de Quito (1818): oro, jbaros y misioneros, Estudios de historia social y econmica de Amrica, 10 (1993), 217-232. Documents the 1816 rediscovery of the ghost town of Logroo, a center of placer mining in the late sixteenth century, and the 1818 foundation of a new mission--possibly the last in Spanish South America during the colonial period--that of San Jos de Bomboiza (now Gualaquiza) in

Shuar territory. Also published in: Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 14 (1994), 83-104. 6496. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La delimitacin hispano-portuguesa y la frontera regional quitea, 1774-1804, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 4 (I sem. 1993), 21-39. A brief overview of the labors of the Maran Commission of 1778-1804, especially of Francisco Requena, and a preliminary analysis of Requenas 1785 Descripcin del Gobierno de Mayas, recently published by Mara del Carmen Martn Rubio in Historia de Maynas: un paraso perdido en el Amazonas (item 6501) and independently by Pilar Ponce Leiva in Relaciones histrico-geogrficas de la Audiencia de Quito (item 1492), vol. 2, p. 658-700. 6497. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Ecuador amaznico, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos de Cuenca, 38 (mar. 1943), 125-164. Reviews the exploration and settlement of the Upper Amazon Basin in the second half of the sixteenth century. 6498. Martn Rubio, Mara del Carmen. Historia de Maynas: un paraso perdido en el Amazonas: (descripciones de Francisco de Requena). Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1991. cxliv, 116 p. A critical edition of Requenas geographical accounts of the Oriente. Preceded by a solid, lengthy, well documented biographical study of Requena by Martn Rubio. Therefore two works in one. 6499. Martnez Salaberra, Javier. Napo, subdesarrollo evitable. Quito: Fundacin Interayuda, 1990. 202 p. A survey and analysis of resource base, social conditions, and economy of the Province of Napo by a public health specialist. 6500. Los Meandros de la historia en Amazonia: memorias del Simposio sobre Etnohistoria Amaznica, 45 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Bogot, Universidad de los Andes, 1-7 de julio 1985, Roberto Pineda Camacho, Beatriz Alzate Angel (compiladores). Quito: AbyaYala: MLAL, 1990. 354 p. 6501. Memoriales, cartas, etc., sobre las entradas y conquistas de D. Martn de la Riva Herrera en los indios Maynas, Jbaros, etc., 1651-1665, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 4 (1900), 1-161. 6502. Mera J., Wilson Humberto; and Valther Ernesto Montao Torres. Colonizacin de la regin amaznica en el desarrollo capitalista. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1984. 254 p. 6503. Moncayo Andrade, Abelardo. Problemas del Oriente ecuatoriano: explotacin, construccin de vas frreas, colonizacin de la regin Oriente, etc. segn el Contrato MartnezAguirre-Moncayo. Quito: El Tiempo, 1908. 44 p. 6504. Muller, Richard. Orellanas Discovery of the Amazon River. Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin, 1937. 79 p.

6505. Muoz, Juan Pablo. Quijos. Quito: Direccin General para la Cooperacin al Desarrollo del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Italia, 1990. 123 p. 6506. Muratorio, Blanca. Rucuyaya Alonso y la historia social y econmica del Alto Napa, 1850-1950, 1a ed. Quito: Abya Yala, 1987. 341 p. A history of the Canelos Quichua as recounted by an elder and as reconstructed by an anthropologist. Also published in English as: The Life and Times of Grandfather Alonso: Culture and History in the Upper Amazon. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1991. xii, 295 p. 6507. La Nacin Shuar: documentacin etnohistrica, edicin de Alfredo y Piedad Costales. [Suca]: Mundo Shuar, 1977. 85 p. 6508. Oberem, Udo. Un grupo indgena desaparecido del Oriente ecuatoriano, Revista de antropologia (Sao Paulo), 15/16 (1967-1968), 149-170. Research notes on the Omaguas, who apparently disappeared during the late-colonial or early-national period. Reprinted in item 607. See also Linda A. Newsons Between Orellana and Acua: A Lost Century in the History of the North-West Amazon, Bulletin de lInstitut franes dtudes andines, 25:2 (1996), 203-231. Newson reexamines the history of the Quijos region, following the uprising of 1578, utilizing new data from the AGI and the Jesuit archives in Rome on the several all but forgotten Spanish expeditions mounted into the Coca, Aguarico, and Napo valleys between 1580 and 1636. She demonstrates that the Alonso de Miranda expeditions (1618-1622) had an especially devastating impact on the populations of the Omaguas and other ethic groups inasmuch as the entradas disrupted existing social relations, enhanced intertribal warfare, and resulted in large numbers being enslaved or killed in conflict. 6509. Oberem, Udo. Los Quijos: historia de la transculturacin de un grupo indgena en el Oriente ecuatoriano. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 394 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 16) Reprint; originally published: Madrid: Departamento de Antropologa y Etnologa de Amrica, Universidad de Madrid, 1970-1971. 2 v. Now a classic, originally a pioneering study of the history of the Quijos or Napo Quichua. Covers the 1500s through the first half of the 1900s. Based on research in Spanish archives as well as published sources and secondary literature. 6510. Oberem, Udo. Trade and Trade Goods in the Ecuadorian Montaa, Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent, edited by Patricia J. Lyon (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974), p. 346-357. Reprinted from: Folk, 8/9 (1967), 243-258. An overview of patterns of trade among the indigenous peoples of the Upper Amazon Basin from pre-Inca times through the early twentieth century. 6511. Olivier Girot, Pascal. Resistencia indgena y la evolucin de fronteras en el Ro Chinchipe, Alto Maran, Revista de historia (Heredia, Costa Rica), 21/22 (ene./dic. 1990), 119-148.

6512. Opresin colonial y resistencia indgena en la Alta Amazonia, recopilacin de Fernando Santos. Quito: CEDIME; FLACSO, Sede Ecuador; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 184 p. Consists of three essays on resistance by various ethnic groups to Spanish settlement and exploitation of the Upper Amazon Basin during the colonial period. 6513. Ortegn, Diego de. Descripcin de la Gobernacin de Quijos, Sumaco y la Canela, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 33 (1973), 3-28. A 1577 relacin geogrfica. 6514. Ortiguera, Toribio de. Jornada del Ro Maran. Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1968. p. 215-358. (Biblioteca de autores espaoles; t. 213) An exceptionally important chronicle of the early history of the Upper Amazon Basin. Primarily concerned with the Pedro de Orsa and Lope de Aguirre expeditions and the Quijos rebellion of 1578. Ortiguera was a vecino of Quito for at least 13 years (1571-1585). Published together with Reginaldo de Lizarragas Descripcin breve del Per (item 7351). 6515. Ortiz de Avils, Vicente. Informe del Gobernador de Quijos, Macas y Canelos, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 35:86 (jul./dic. 1955), 270-273. 6516. Ospina, Pablo. La regin de los Quijos: una tierra despojada de poderes, 15781608, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 3 (II sem. 1992), 3-31. An eminently readable, methodologically sophisticated study of the role of religion in the pacification and settlement of the Oriente, the Quijos or Napo Quichua uprising of 1578, the reaction of the highlands to and the aftermath of the rebellion, and the subsequent formation of Indian and white frontiers in the region. An exceptionally important contribution to the history of the Upper Amazon Basin. 6517. Oxford, Pete; and Rene Bish. Amazon Images: a Portfolio of Impressions from the Ecuadorian Amazon, 1st ed. Quito: Dinediciones, 1995. 185 p. Chiefly ill. Also published in Spanish as: Amazonas imgenes. 6518. Palacio Asensio, Jos Luis. Nucanchic huiai huiai causai = Nuestro pasado bajo Ro Napo ecuatoriano. Quito: Editor FCUNAE, 1989. 298 p. In Quichua and Spanish. A history of ethnic groups of the Upper Amazon Basin. See also: Palacio Asensios Los Omaguas en el Ro Napo ecuatoriano: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones Culturales de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, 1989. 136 p. 6519. Palma africana y etnocidio: un gigantesco proyecto agroindustrial amenza a los pueblos indgenas de la Amazonia. Quito: CEDIS: CONFENIAE, 1985. 116 p. 6520. Parlow, Anita. Of Oil and Exploitation in Ecuador, Multinational Monitor, 12:1/2 (Jan./Feb. 1991), 20-24. Reports on the detrimental exploitation of oil by multinational companies in Huaorani territory.

6521. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. La exploracin al Reventador, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 12:33/35 (ene./jun. 1931), 175-184. 6522. Peck, Robert McCracken. Headhunters and Hummingbirds: An Expedition into Ecuador. New York: Walker, 1987. 128 p. 6523. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Amazonia: Ecuador, Per, Bolivia. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 331 p. 6524. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Jumand, o, La confabulacin de los brujos. Quito: Edit. Oveja Negra del Ecuador, 1983. 96 p. A popular account of the Quijos rebellion of 1578. Jumand or Jumand was either a cacique or a shaman, if not both, depending upon how one reads the sources. 6525. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los Shuar en la historia: Sevilla de Oro y San Francisco de Borja. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 174 p. 6526. Prez, Mara Teresa. El descubrimiento del Amazonas: historia y mito. Sevilla: Ediciones Alfar, [1989?]. 251 p. 6527. Pichn, Francisco J. Agricultural Settlement and Ecological Crisis in the Ecuadorian Amazon Frontier: a Discussion of the Policy Environment, Policy Studies Journal, 20:4 (Winter 1992), 662-678. Argues that the rapid rate of deforestation in Ecuador is facilitated by the absence of clear cut policies at the national level and an effective framework for their implementation. 6528. Pichn, Francisco J. Colonist Land-Allocation Decisions, Land Use, and Deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon Frontier, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 45:4 (July 1997), 707-744. Uses 1990 survey data from the Provinces of Napo and Sucumbios to demonstrate that deforestation depends on incursion of roads, the size of claims, and the varagies of land tenure policies. 6529. Plan de ordenamiento y manejo de las cuencas de los Ros San Miguel y Putumayo: diagnstico regional. Washington, D.C.: Secretara Ejecutiva para Asuntos Econmicos y Sociales, Departamento de Desarrollo Regional, 1987. xxiii, 273 p. 6530. Poblacin indgena y desarrollo amaznico, presentacin de Alicia Ibarra Illnez and Alfredo Mancero Samn. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1984. 157 p. 6531. Polticas y procesos de colonizacin: sntesis, conclusiones y recomendaciones: memoria del seminario taller, celebrado el 16 y 17 de agosto de 1982. Quito: ILDIS; CIESA; CONADE, [1983?]. 45 p. 6532. Porras G., Pedro I. The Discovery in Rome of an Anonymous Document on the Quijos Indians of the Upper Napo, Eastern Ecuador, Peasants, Primitives, and Proletariats: the Struggle for Identity in South America, edited by D.L. Browman and R.A. Schwarz (The Hague: Mouton, 1979), p. 13-47.

6533. Porras P., Mara Elena. Gobernacin y obispado de Mainas: siglos XVII y XVIII. Quito: Abya-Yala; Taller de Estudios Histricos, 1987. 136 p. A study of the governorship and bishopric of Mainas as institutions in the 1600s and 1700s. 6534. Problema indgena y colonizacin, fotografa, Rolf Blomberg. Quito: Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio, 1983. 18 p. Este folleto es fruto de aos de trabajo y reflexin al interior de la UNAE (Unin de Nativos de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana)--Presentacin. 6535. Problemtica indgena y colonizacin en el Oriente ecuatoriano: reflexiones nacidas al interior de la U.N.A.E. (Unin de Nativos de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana). Quito: U.N.A.E., [1986?]. 53 p. 6536. Problemtica social y agraria en el Oriente ecuatoriano: reflexiones nacidas al interior de la U.N.A.E. (Unin de Nativos de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana). Quito: U.N.A.E., 1985. 71 p. 6537. Rainey, Froelich. Quinine Hunters in Ecuador, National Geographic Magazine, 89:3 (Mar. 1946), 341-363. Regarding the extraction of cinchona bark, the source of quinine, from the rainforest during the World War II years. As of July 1997, an unwritten chapter in the economic history of the Oriente. 6538. Ramos P., Manuel; and Emmanuel Fauroux. Las zonas socio-econmicas actualmente homogneas de la regin amaznica ecuatoriana. Quito: M.A.G., Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria, 1980. 112 p. 6539. Real cdula de 1772 estableciendo las Gobernaciones de Borja, Quijos y Macas: instrucciones dadas por el presidente de la Real Audiencia don Jos Diguja, a los gobernadores de Maynas y de Macas, [versin de] Carlos Vivanco, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 18:54 (jul./dic. 1939), 125-137. 6540. Reeve, Mary-Elizabeth. Cauchu Uras: Lowland Quichua Histories of the Amazon Rubber Boom, Rethinking History and Myth: Indigenous South American Perspectives on the Past, edited by Jonathan D. Hill (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), p. 19-34. A working paper on the history of the Runa Curaray, a group of Quichua Canelos, especially during and following the rubber boom of the late 1800s and early 1900s. Also published in Spanish as: Cauchu Uras: el auge del caucho en la Amazonia, en la historia oral de los Runa Curaray, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 47-62. 6541. La Regin amaznica ecuatoriana, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, Departamento de Artes Grficas, 1983. 89 p. Contents: Michel Portais, Los actores del espacio en la regin amaznica; Guillermo Almeida and Michel Sourdat, Gnesis geolgica y morfolgica de la Amazonia y sus implicaciones actuales; Alfonso Caldern, La vivienda shuar y achuar en su entorno sociocultural y geogrfico; Henri Barral, Poblamiento y colonizacin espontnea en la Provincia del Napo en 1977; Jorge Uquillas Rodas, Colonizacin dirigida en el Nor-Oriente ecuatoriano.

6542. Requena, Francisco. Correspondencia del coronel don Francisco Requena, primer comisario de la cuarta partida de demarcacin de lmites entre los dominios de Espaa y Portugal, Revista de archivos y bibliotecas (Lima), 4 (1900), 163-382. 6543. Requena, Francisco. Diario del viaje al Japur, [estudio preliminar por] Michle Cohen, Suplemento de Anuario de estudios americanos, 40:2 (1988), 3-68. A major ethnohistorical as well as historical geographic source on the Upper Amazon Basin in the late 1700s. 6544. Requena, Francisco. Ilustrados y brbaros: diario de la exploracin de lmites al Amazonas (1782), edicin, introduccin y notas de Manuel Lucena Giraldo. Madrid: Alianza Edit., 1991. 152 p. Contents: Descripcin de varios caminos que dan paso desde la ciudad de Quito al Ro del Maran (1777); Diario del viaje hecho al Ro Japur ... (1782); Instrumento de las noticias adquiridas por los indios Omaguas del Ro de los Engaos o Comiari (1782); Instrumento sobre las noticas adquiridas por los indios Corotus del Ro de Apaporis (1782). 6545. Retos de la Amazonia, Teodoro Bustamante [et al.]. Quito: IDIS; Abya-Yala, 1993. 201 p. 6546. Reyes, Oscar Efrn; and Francisco Tern. Historia y geografa del Oriente ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1939. 134 p. 6547. Roig Torres, Bienvendio Luis. Fomento agrcola de las provincias orientales del Ecuador (cuenca amaznica). Quito, Impr. Municipal, 1923. 1 v. Only t. 1, Impresiones de viaje, was published. 6548. Rudel, Thomas K. Resource Partitioning and Regional Development Strategies in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Geojournal, 19:4 (Dec.1988), 437-446. Examines relations between the Shuar and mestizo colonists, from the highlands, in the Province of Morona Santiago and its consequences. 6549. Rudel, Thomas K. Road, Speculators, and Colonization in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Human Ecology, 11:4 (Dec.1983), 385-403. 6550. Rudel, Thomas K.; with Bruce Horowitz. Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. xv, 234 p. The authors, a sociologist and an attorney, respectively, offer a case study and a somewhat different explanation of the ongoing destruction of the rainforest in the Oriente, especially in the Upano-Palora region in the Province of Morona Santiago, and of those responsible for the disappearing forest, migrant settlers from the highlands and interestingly enough also the Shuar themselves, albeit to a much lesser extent. 6551. Rumazo Gonzlez, Alfonso. Album-gua de la regin oriental ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. Artes Grficas de C. Briz Snchez, 1934. 66, [10] p.

6552. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. La regin amaznica del Ecuador en el siglo XVI. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. vii, 272 p. Reprinted from the edicin especial: Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos, 1946. xi, 268 p. Originally published in: Anuario de estudios americanos, 3 (1946), 1-268. A history of sixteenth and early seventeenth-century Spanish explorations of and efforts to colonize, to evangelize, and to exploit the Upper Amazon Basin. Based on considerable original research, especially in the Archivo General de Indias. 6553. Saavedra y Guzmn, Martn de. Relacin del descubrimiento del Ro Amazonas y hoy San Francisco de Quito. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1942. 86 p. (Biblioteca Amazonas; 3) 6554. Salazar, Ernesto. An Indian Federation in Lowland Ecuador. Copenhagen: IWGIA, 1977. 68 p. A history of the early years of the Shuar Federation. See also item 8274. 6555. Salazar, Ernesto. Pioneros de la selva: los colonos del Proyecto Upano-Palora. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 305 p. A study of the cultural, ecological, and economic effects of the colonization of the R. Upano and R. Palora areas, in the Province of Morona Santiago, by highlanders, especially from the Provinces of Caar and Azuay, beginning in 1970, and sponsored by the Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay. 6556. Los Salesianos y la Amazonia: relatos de vaijes, 1893-1909, [recopilados por] Juan Bottasso. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993-. <1> v. 6557. Salinas, Juan de. Relacin que hace Juan Salinas de los servicios prestados en la Comisin de Lmites con el Maran y pide que en mrito de ellos, se le de el grado de capitn [1789], ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 76-86. 6558. Samaniego, M.J.; and Jorge Toro Anda. Monografa de algunas poblaciones de la regin oriental. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Defensa Nacional, 1939. 89 p. 6559. Sarmiento, Alberto. Biografa del Ro Napo. Quito: Edit. Mercedaria, 1955. 189 p. 6560. Sarmiento, Alberto. Monografa cientfica del Oriente ecuatoriano. Quito: [s.n.], 1958. 318 p. 6561. Silva, Rafael Euclides. El dorado amaznico: (esbozo de un problema), Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 6:8/11 (1941), 30-52, 55-80. 6562. Simson, Alfred. Travels in the Wilds of Ecuador, and the Exploration of the Putumayo River. London: Simpson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, 1886. v, 270 p. One of the more amenable accounts. See also item 7435. Also published in Spanish as: Viajes por las selvas del Ecuador y exploracin del Ro Putumayo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. xvii, 274 p. 6563. Sinclair, Joseph H. In the Land of Cinnamon: a Journey in Eastern Ecuador, Geographical Review, 19:2 (Apr. 1929), 201-217.

6564. Sinclair, Joseph H.; and Theron Wasson. Explorations in Eastern Ecuador, Geographical Review, 13:2 (Apr. 1923), 190-210. 6565. Sobre la prdida de la familia de don Pedro Grameson en la Provincia de Mainas [1770], ARNAHIS, 12:18 (10 ago. 1970), 111-150. 6566. Taylor, Anne-Christine. El Oriente ecuatoriano en el siglo XIX: el otro litoral, Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930 (item 6591), p. 17-67. Notwithstanding the chronological delimiters in the title, an essay on the history of the Upper Amazon Basin from 1540 through 1940. A splendid piece that pulls together the disparate studies of missionaries, the boundary dispute with Peru, ethnic groups, and the economics of exploitation, especially of cinchona bark and rubber, into a coherent, meaningful whole. 6567. Tempestad en la Amazonia ecuatoriana, coordinador, Nelson Gmez; colaboradores, Segundo Moreno, Orlando Lpez, Antonio Narvez. Quito: CIESA, 1992. 180 p. 6568. Tenencia de la tierra y proceso social en la Amazonia ecuatoriana: mensaje de los obispos de las misiones catlicas desde la fe y la solidaridad. Quito: Conferencia Episcopal, 1986. 25 p. 6569. Testimonio de las diligencias fechas en la provincia de los Jbaros por el general don Martn de la Riva, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 483-613. 6570. Tobar Donoso, Julio. La navegacin del Amazonas en el decenio de 1850-60, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia, 48:105 (ene./jun. 1965), 70-104. 6571. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Un nuevo mapa de las misiones ecuatorianas, Boletn de la Academia Nacional de Historia. 35:85 (ene./jun. 1955), 72-88. An essay on the cartographic and ecclesiastical data in Juan Magnins 1740 Breve descripcin de la Provincia de Quito (item 7360). 6572. Tovia, Gaspar. Carta que sobre los ltimos sucesos de la Provincia Oriental dirige el R.P. Vicario Apostlico de la Misin a S.E. el Presidente de la Repblica. [Quito?: s.n., 1892?]. 60 p. Caption title. Signed: Gaspar Tovia. 6573. Traslado de los autos fechos por el General don Gonzalo Rodrguez de Monroy, corregidor de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito, para la entrada, conquista y pacificacin de los indios Jbaros, 1643-1651, Revista de Archivos y Bibliotecas Nacionales (Lima), 3 (1899), 117-261. 6574. Trujillo Len, Jorge. La Amazonia en la historia del Ecuador, Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 227-251. The history of the Upper Amazon Basin as seen from the outside. That is to say, this essay examines external views of the Oriente as well as the significance of the region to the outside world. 6575. Up de Graff, Fritz W. Head Hunters of the Amazon: Seven Years of Exploration and Adventure. New York: Duffield, 1923. xiii, 337 p.

The memoirs of a North American who spent seven years (1894-1901) exploring the Upper Amazon Basin. Useful as an ethnohistorical source. Also published in Spanish as: Cazadores de cabezas del Amazonas: siete aos de exploraciones y aventuras. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. x, 403 p. 6576. Uquillas Rodas, Jorge Colonization and Spontaneous Settlement in the Ecuadorian Amazon, Frontier Expansion in Amazonia, edited by Marianne Schmink and Charles H. Wood (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1984), p. 261-284. 6577. Vega Toral, Toms. Algunas consideraciones sobre nuestro Oriente amaznico y monografa del Cantn Gualaquiza. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1958. 109 p. 6578. Vega Toral, Toms. El descubrimiento y primer viaje por el Ro de las Amazonas (1541-1542): monografa histrica. Cuenca: Tip. Municipal, 1942. 112 p. 6579. Villacrs Moscoso, Jorge W. El porvenir amaznico: los grandes problemas de la hoya amaznica y sus probables soluciones, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 43 (dic. 1981), 68-76. 6580. Villalobos, Mariano. Exposicin de Mariano Villalobos sobre su expedicin al Pas de la Canela, Museo Histrico, 26 (mar. 1957), 28-42. A report from 1791. 6581. Wesche, Rolf. Ecoturism and Indigenous Peoples in the Resource Frontier of the Ecuadorian Amazon, Yearbook, Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, 19 (1993), 1341. Describes both lodge and backpacking ecotourism in Napo Province with a focus on initiatives by Quijos Quichua to control part of the tourist activity. 6582. Ynez, Marcial. Por el Oriente ecuatoriano ... Barcelona: Librera Salesiana, 1924. viii, 173 p.

REGIONALISM 6583. Bossano, Luis. Apuntes acerca del regionalismo en el Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Tip. de Prensa Catlica, 1930. 178 p. 6584. Caillavet, Chantel. Entre sierra y selva: las relaciones fronterizas y sus representaciones para las etnias de los Andes septentrionales, Anuario de estudios americanos, 46 (1989), 71-91. 6585. Collin Delavaud, Anne. El poder de Guayaquil y la dominacin reciente de Quito en la valoracin de la costa, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 701-709. 6586. La Cuestin regional y el poder, editor: Rafael Quintero. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1991. 304 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 29) Contents: Rafael Quintero, Legitimidad, poder y regin: bases para una discusin (p. 1327); Rafael Quintero and Erika Silva, Regin y representacin poltica en el Ecuador

contemporneo (1939-1959) (p. 29-87); Juan Maiguashca and Liisa North, Orgenes y significado del velasquismo: lucha de clases y participacin poltica en el Ecuador, 1920-1972 (p. 89-159); Berthe Garca, Regionalismo y modernas tendencias polticas (p. 161-206); Nick D. Mills, Sector privado y estado nacional en el Ecuador democrtico, 1979-84 (p. 207-245); Amparo Menndez-Carrin, Regin y elecciones en el Ecuador, 1952-1988: elementos para el debate (p. 247-296). 6587. Damerval, Jaime Francisco. Equilibrio regional, fuerza nacional. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1979. 138 p. 6588. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Regionalismo y migracin, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1977. xvii, 296 p. An essay on the role of regionalism from pre-Hispanic times through the recent present and on the history of migration within as well as to Ecuador. N.B. The majority of the quantitative framework (analysis as well as data) were furnished by Michael T. Hamerly. 6589. Francisco, Alice E. Factores culturales en la historia de las relaciones entre sierra y Oriente del Ecuador, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 21:38 (1971), 202-228. 6590. Guerrero, Rafael. Regionalismo y democracia social en los orgenes del CFP. Quito: CAAP, 1994. 92 p. 6591. Historia y regin en el Ecuador, 1830-1930, Juan Maiguashca. editor. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: FLACSO-Sede Ecuador: CERLAC, 1994. 436 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 30) An anthology of five essays on specific regions in the 1800s and 1900s, for the particulars of which see items 5934, 6033, 6267, 6407, and 6566, and of two essays on interregional relations (item 1924) and national integration (item 2114). An exceptionally important contribution to the history of regions and regionalism. 6592. Kasza, Gregory J. Regional Conflict in Ecuador: Quito and Guayaquil, InterAmerican Economic Affairs, 35:2 (Autumn 1981), 3-41. Also published in Spanish as: Conflicto regional en el Ecuador, Revista del Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 9:18 (dic. 1980), 39-76. 6593. Maiguashca, Juan. La cuestin regional en la historia ecuatoriana (1830-1972), Nueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 12, p. 175-226. A multivariant analysis of the role of regionalism from the creation of the country through the recent present. Also important as a running commentary on the state of Ecuadorian historiography regarding this frequently alluded to but, as of the late 1990s, insufficiently studied phenomenon.

HISTORICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECU ADOR Vol. III

U RBAN HISTORY AN D RELATED STU DIES GEN ERAL AN D MISCELLAN EOU S WORKS

In addition to the works cited below, see also: Las Ciudades en la historia (item 558).

6594. Allou, Serge. Introduccin histrica: formas urbanas y formaciones sociales en el Ecuador: los principales actores, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 16-37. 6595. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. The Function and Development of Colonial Towns: Urban Change in the Central Highlands of Ecuador, 1698-1940, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 4:1 (1979), 30-43. 6596. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. The Role of Commerce in the Growth of Towns in Central Highland Ecuador, 1750-1920, Urbanization in the A mericas: T he Background in Comparative Perspective, edited by Woodrow Borah, Jorge Hardoy and Gilbert A. Stelter (Ottawa: History Division, National Museum of Man, 1980), p. 25-34. Also published in Spanish as: El papel del comercio en el crecimiento de las ciudades de la sierra central del Ecuador, 1750-1920, Revista SIA P (Mxico), 55/56 (1980), 73-91; and in: El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 175-200. 6597. Bromley, Rosemary D.F. Urban-Rural Interrelationships in Colonial Hispanic America: A Case Study of Three Andean Towns, Swansea Geographer, 12 (1974), 15-22. Items 6595-6597 examine various aspects of the economic and population history of Latacunga, Ambato, and Riobamba and their districts from the mid-eighteenth through the early-twentieth century. Now classics, originally they were pioneering studies. See also items 5385-5387. 6598. Buchhofer, Ekkehard. Wirtschaftsgeographische Grundlagen der Stadtentwicklung im ekudorianischen Amazonas-Tiefland, Geographische Zeitschrift, 76:3 (1988), 150-164. Analyzes urban development resultant from exploration for and exploitation of petroleum in the Oriente between the San Miguel and the Napo Rivers. Also published in Spanish as: Desarrollo urbano en la zona petrolera del Oriente ecuatoriano, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 27 (1987), 87-107.

6599. Campo, Esteban del. El proceso de urbanizacin en Ecuador, El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 141-143. 6600. Carrin, Diego. La cuestin de la vivienda popular en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 957-968. 6601. Carrin, Diego. Reflexiones sobre la problemtica de la urbanizacin ecuatoriana, Cultura, 6:18b (ene./abr. 1984), 371-379. 6602. Carrin, Fernando. Evolucin del espacio urbano ecuatoriano, El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 145-174. 6603. Carrin, Juan Mara. El proceso de urbanizacin del Ecuador, 1962-1974, El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 65-96. An overview of internal migration and the increase in urbanization during the 1962-1974 intercensal period. Also published in: Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 4:12 (1981), 13-42; and in: Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 3-31. 6604. Cazamajor, Philippe, Abastecimiento de las ciudades, mercados y ferias, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 241-254. 6605. El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador: red urbana, regin y crecimiento, Serge Allou [et al.]. Quito: CEDIG, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1987. 307 p. (Geografa bsica del Ecuador; t. 3). Perhaps the most integrated vol. in the Geografa bsica del Ecuador (item 581). Although separately authored by ten different scholars, not only was this work designed as a whole, but taken together its fourteen chapters constitute an exceptionally well integrated whole. Nonetheless, each chapter is listed separately here within for purposes of analysis and because they are sometimes cited as discrete works. 6606. Fernndez, Mara Augusta. Ecuador, Latin A merican Urbanization: Historical Profiles of Major Cities, edited by Gerald Michael Greenfield (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1994), p. 215-251. Includes vignettes on the primary cities of Guayaquil and Quito, the secondary city of Cuenca, and two towns that experienced considerable growth since 1950, Machala and Santo Domingo de los Colorados. 6607. Figueroa, Oscar. El proceso de urbanizacin y el transporte urbano en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1051-1059. 6608. Garca, Jorge. La organizacin popular en el Ecuador: el caso de las cooperativas de vivienda, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 969-978. 6609. Godard, Henri. Crecimiento urbano y dinmica de los barrios, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 197-231. 6610. Godard, Henri. Quito-Guayaquil: eje central o bicefala, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 108-136.

6611. Godard, Henri. Las mutaciones recientes de los centros de Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca: transformaciones funcionales, renovacin y recuperacin, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 25 (abr. 1987), 93-108. 6612. Gravelin, Blandine. Proceso de urbanizacin en zonas pioneras, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 170-181. 6613. Hurtado, Osvaldo. Dinmica de la urbanizacin, El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 133-140. 6614. Idrovo Murillo, Jaime. Municipio y desarrollo regional: el caso de Azuay, Caar y Morona Santiago, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1061-1064. 6615. Klak, Thomas. Why Do Shelter Conditions Differ in Ecuadoran Cities and How Do We Know That They Do?: A Comparative Locality Study, Environment and Planning A , 25:8 (Aug. 1993), 1115-1130. A comparative study of housing conditions among the lower class in Guayaquil and Quito as of the late 1980s and early 1990s. 6616. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos. Crecimiento urbano y dinmica de las ciudades intermedias en el Ecuador (1950-1982), El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 97-132. Also published in abridgement as: Urbanizacin y dinmica de las ciudades intermedias en el Ecuador (1950-1982), Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 817-827. 6617. Len, Juan. Geodemografa de la red urbana ecuatoriana (1950-1982), El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 37-55. 6618. Middleton, DeWight R. Ecuadorian Transformations: An Urban View, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 211-232. A cogent examination of the dynamics and problems of urban growth in the 1950s and 1960s, with particular attention to the primary cities of Quito and Guayaquil, the secondary cities of Manta and Ibarra, and the tertiary cities of San Lorenzo and Puyo. 6619. Ortiz de la Tabla Ducasse, Javier. Los ncleos urbanos del Ecuador colonial: siglos XVI-XVII, Ciencia, vida y espacio en Iberoamrica (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, 1989), t. 2, p. 415-437. A review of the role of Spanish cities and towns in the Audiencia during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Stresses the hegemony of San Francisco de Quito and examines economic and demographic developments. 6620. Peltre, Pierre; and Jos Rodrguez Rojas. Problemas ambientales del crecimiento urbano, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 184-197. 6621. Pietri-Lvy, Anne-Lise. La red urbana de la Provincia de Loja: crecimiento urbano y cambios socio-econmicos, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 781-791.

6622. Placencia, Mara Mercedes; and Hugo Vsquez. Reflexiones acerca de las condiciones de trabajo y de vida en el sector informal urbano, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 991-1006. 6623. Portais, Michel. Las ciudades intermedias de la sierra, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 136-157. 6624. Portais, Michel. Flujos y areas de influencia urbana, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 76-105. 6625. Portais, Michel. El papel de las ciudades intermedias de la sierra en la evolucin de la red urbana ecuatoriana, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 829-841. 6626. Portais, Michel; and Jos R. Rodrguez. Jerarqua urbana y tipo de ciudades en el Ecuador, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 56-75. 6627. El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador: del siglo XVIII al siglo XX , compilador, Fernando Carrin. Quito: Edit. El Conejo; Centro de Investigaciones Ciudad, 1986. 299 p. An anthology of previously published studies on urban growth and developments from 1750 through the 1982 census. 6628. Ramos Prez, Demetrio. La doble fundacin de ciudades y las huestes, Estudios sobre la ciudad iberoamericana, Francisco de Solano (coordinador), 2 ed. ampliada (Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientficas, Instituto Gonzalo Fernndez Oviedo, 1983), p. 107-138. Examines the multiple foundations of Quito and Guayaquil. 6629. Riz, Liliana de. El proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador, 1950-1962, El Proceso de urbanizacin en el Ecuador (item 6626), p. 25-63. 6630. Rodrguez Rojas, Jos. Construccin de los conjuntos urbanos Manta-Portoviejo y Machala-Puerto Bolvar, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 274-285. 6631. Rodrguez Rojas, Jos. Crisis del transporte urbano en Quito, Guayaquil y Cuenca, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 232-240. 6632. Rodrguez Rojas, Jos. El proceso de urbanizacin en la costa ecuatoriana, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 158-170. Also published in: Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 805-813. 6633. Rosales, Mario. El municipio ecuatoriano: realidad y perspectivas, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1039-1050. 6634. Torres D., Vctor D. El municipio y las formas espaciales en la ciudad, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1065-1072. 6635. Urban-System Evolution in Frontier Settings, Lawrence A. Brown [et al.], Geographical Review, 84:3 (July 1994), 249-265. An essay on new and expanding towns in the Oriente, specifically Tena, Puyo, Macas, Zamora, Lago Agrio (Nueva Loja), and Coca.

6636. Vargas, Jos Mara. Urbanismo primitivo de las ciudades ecuatorianas. Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 53 p.

AMBATO

6637. Acosta Sols, Misael. A mbato visto desde la conquista y sntesis de la Provincia de Tungurahua. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1980. 66 p. Originally published as: Ambato visto desde la conquista: comentarios de cronistas y viajeros extranjeros y sntesis geogrfica de la Provincia de Tungurahua, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 15:109/110 (1979), 143-208. 6638. Arias, Augusto. En elogio de A mbato. Quito: Tall. Nacionales, 1926. 96 p. 6639. Balarezo Moncayo, Pedro. La maravilla de A mbato; Hombres, ciudades y tierras del Tungurahua. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1942. 144 p. 6640. Cical, Mario Mara. El padre Mario Mara Cical informa los daos que causa en aquella ciudad el juego de boliche, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 2 (1980), 105-118. At head of title: Ambato 24 de febrero de 1759. 6641. Freile Larrea, Jos. Vecinos de Ambato en 1606, Sociedad A migos de la Genealoga, 1:1 (mar. 1983), 37-42. Although I have not seen this item, it is probably a transcription of an early-seventeenthcentury padrn of the vecinos of Ambato. See also Freile Larreas Vecinos de Riobamba en 1606, Sociedad A migos de la Genealoga, 1:3 (nov. 1981), 127-154, that published, apparently for the first time, a nominative list by the corregidor of Villardompardo (i.e., Riobamba) de los vecinos y moradores de la dicha villa y sus haciendas, edades y lo dems. Both padrones were drawn up in conjunction with the 1608 relaciones geogrficas of the central highlands, Los Pueblos de la villa de el Villar Don Pardo and Villar Don Pardo, for the texts of which see item 1521. 6642. Garcs, Vctor Gabriel. A mbato, sociografa de un pueblo ejemplar. Ambato: Edit. Municipal, 1953. 25 p. Originally published in: A mrica (Quito), 18:74 (1942), 80-91. 6643. Jornadas de Historia Social (12 : 1991: Ambato, Ecuador). Jornadas de Historia Social: XII ecuatorianas y III colombo-ecuatorianas: A mbato, junio 1991, [participantes, Manuel de Guzmn Polanco et al.]. Ambato: Casa de Montalvo, 1992. 2 v. Consists mostly of essays on the history of Ambato and genealogy of ambateos. The usual mixed bag, some based on archival research, some based on published materials. Some innovative in approach and findings, others exercises in rhetoric.

6644. Letras de A mbato en la colonia, 1 ed. Ambato: Departamento Municipal de Cultura, 1985. 2 v. Reprinted the Libro rojo de San Juan de A mbato, a lengthy expediente on the relocation and rebuilding of Ambato after the original town was destroyed in the earthquake of 1698 (item 6644), and the Pissima erga del genitricem devotio (Ambato: Typis Soc. Jesu, 1755), the first book printed in Ecuador. Also apparently published for the first time the original Latin version of A rtis poeticae compendium (Ambato, 1755) by Joaqun Ayllon (1728-1808), and reprinted Luis Corderos Spanish version of Ayllons compendium. 6645. Libro rojo: documentos relativos a la fundacin de la actual ciudad de A mbato. Ambato: Librera e Impr. Escolar, 1919. vii, 119 p. Transcribed by Luis Felipe Borja (hijo). 6646. Moya Torres, Luz del Alba. Ambato, ciudad mercado, El Espacio urbano en el Ecuador (item 6605), p. 254-274. Originally published in: Cultura, 24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1011-1023. 6647. Proceso de la creacin de la Villa de San Juan de Hambato, 1743-1760, [transcripcin de] Pedro Arturo Reino Garcs. Ambato: Edit. Po XII, 1989. 70, [16] p. Published for the first time Los Vecinos del haciento de Hambato, Provincia de Quito, sobre la pretencion que se funde en villa o ciudad, the original of which is in the Archivo Histrico Nacional (Bogot). 6648. Stadel, Christoph; and Luz del Alba Moya Torres. Plazas and Ferias of Ambato, Ecuador, Yearbook, Conference of Latin American Geographers, 14 (1988), 43-50. 6649. Toro Ruz, Isaas. A contecimientos y personajes. Ambato: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Tungurahua, 1977. iii, 228 p. 6650. Toro Ruz, Isaas. A mbato colonial. Ambato: La Tribuna, 1951. 277 p. 6651. Toro Ruz, Isaas. Del pasado amabateo y microbiografas nacionales. Ambato: Impr. Municipal, 1975. 352 p. Toro Ruz was the official chronicler of the city of Ambato. He is known to have authored several other, apparently important works, including A mbato en 400 aos (Ambato, 1972), the bibliographic particulars of which I have been unable to flesh out. 6652. Torres, Alberto Mara, Un comentario al Libro rojo de Ambato, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos A mericanos, 2:6 (mayo/jun. 1919), 444-447. 6653. Ulloa S., Armando G. A mbato. Caracas: Tall. Tip. de Miguel Angel Garca e Hijo, 1989. 209 p. Ambato in the 1930s.

CU EN CA

6654. Aguilar Maldonado, Carlos. El municipio y sus empleados y obreros. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1964. 161 p. 6655. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. La antigua Tomebamba y Cuenca que nace: estudio histrico. Cuenca: Impr. Municipal, 1946. 160 p. 6656. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Cuenca, la ciudad que sonre. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1948. 47 p. 6657. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Fundacin de la ciudad de Cuenca en A mrica: estudio histrico. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1941. 268 p. 6658. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Historial de la fundacin de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1957. 61 p. 6659. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Monografa histrica de Cuenca. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, [1948?]. 238 p. Based on many years of original research, including archival. 6660. A lbum-gua de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Concejo Cantonal, 1932. 105 p. Chiefly ill. Cover title: Cuenca en 1932. Edicin ordenada por el muy ilustre Concejo Cantonal bajo la direccin de don Vicente Moreno-Mora. 6661. Arzaga Guzmn, Dora. El centro histrico de Cuenca: centro urbano de intercambio, centro poltico institucional, rea residencial y de concentracin del equipamiento, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 909-917. 6662. Arzaga, Rafael Mara; and Honorato Vzquez. Blasones y estandartes de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Tip. Catlica, 1920. 29 p. 6663. Borrero, Alfonso Mara. Dcadas de Cuenca, 1557-1567. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1967. xxiv, 127 p. Reprint; originally published: Cuenca: Impr. de la Universidad del Azuay, 1894. A chronicle of the first decade of the city. 6664. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. The Nobles of Cuenca: The Agrarian Elite of Southern Ecuador. 1972. xxii, 564 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. A study of the upper class of the city. See also item 6692. 6665. Crdenas Reyes, Mara Cristina. Cuenca, comuniad y lenguaje. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1984. 306 p. 6666. Carpio Vintimilla, Julio. Cuenca, su geografa urbana, 1 ed. Cuenca: Lpez Monsalve Editores, 1979. 174 p. 6667. Carpio Vintimilla, Julio. La evolucin urbana de Cuenca en el siglo XIX . Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1983. 115 p.

6668. Carrasco Vintimilla, Adrin; and Claudio Cordero Espinosa. Testimonio de la transicin de una sociedad patriarcal a la sociedad burguesa en Cuenca: La Escoba, Ensayos sobre historia regional (item 6328), p. 233-308. Examines the transition from a patriarchal to a bourgeois mentality as manifested in the pages of La Escoba, a newspaper published between 1949 and 1961. Also published in Las ciudades en la historia (item 558), p. 419-456. 6669. Compilacin de crnicas, relatos y descripciones de Cuenca y su provincia, seleccin, compilacin, prlogo y notas por Luis A. Len. Cuenca: Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 3 v. An anthology of historical studies and coeval accounts of the city of Cuenca and the modern Provinces of Caar and Azuay from pre-Hispanic times through the 1970s. 6670. Cordero Crepo, Luis. Cuenca, semblanza de un pueblo. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1971. 57 p. 6671. Cordero Cueva, Fernando; and Fernando Pauta Calle. Un problema habitacional en Cuenca: una reflexin sobre el centro histrico, Ecuador debate, 10 (feb. 1986), 159-173. 6672. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Historia de Cuenca: gobernadores coloniales: Don Josef Antonio Vallejo, su primera gobernacin entre 1777 y 1784, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 7 (abr. 1923), 234-263; 9 (dic. 1923), 453-488; 10 (ago. 1924), 21-48. 6673. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. La muerte de don Juan Seniergues, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 11 (dic. 1924), 142-184; 12 (dic. 1925), 206-298; 13 (abril 1928), 301-317. 6674. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Pginas de Octavio Cordero Palacios: homenaje de A nales de la Universidad de Cuenca en el centenario de su nacimiento, 1870-1970 . Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1970. 158 p. Reprints items 6672, 6675, and 6676. 6675. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Pro-Tomebamba, Revista del Colegio N acional Benigno Malo, 15:16 (oct. 1939), 18-60. 6676. Cordero Palacios, Octavio. Los tres das de la fundacin de Cuenca, Revista del Colegio N acional Benigno Malo, 15:16 (abr. 1939), 9-17. 6677. Cordero y Len, Rigoberto. Cuenca, ciudad y paisaje con alma: gua turstica. Cuenca: R. Cordero y Len, 1974. 131 p. 6678. Cuarto centenario de la fundacin de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Cuenca: discursos. Cuenca: Direccin de Publicaciones Municipales, 1957. 67 p. 6679. Cuenca (Ecuador). Resea y sntesis del estudio del Plan de desarrollo urbano del area metropolitana de la ciudad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Municipio de Cuenca, 1982. 165 p. 6680. Cuenca (Ecuador). Tres de noviembre: rgano del Concejo Cantonal de Cuenca. No. 1 (1890)-. Cuenca: Municipalidad de Cuenca, 1890-.

Sometimes written: 3 de noviembre. Originally entitled: Gaceta cuencana (1890-1917?). Broader in coverage than the title implies. Includes numerous historical and related studies by various authors. 6681. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. [Libros de cabildos de Cuenca]. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1938-. Almost all, if not all, of the Libros de cabildos de Cuenca are extant. Book three, corresponding to the years 1569-1575, however, has been missing from the Archivo Histrico Municipal de Cuenca for some years as had been the recovered vol. for1800-1810 (item 6680f). This set began to be published by Jorge A. Garcs G. in the late 1930s, but the labor of decipherment was suspended for forty years until a new paleographer and native son of Cuenca, the professionally trained Juan Chacn Zhapn, took up the challenge to continue the work. The books or codices published as of July 1997, are: 6681a. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro primero de cabildos de la ciudad de Cuenca, 1557-1563, descifrado por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1938. xxix, 472 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 16). There is also a 2 ed.: Libro primero de cabildos de la ciudad de Cuenca, 1557-1563, descifracin de Jorge A. Garcs G.; preliminar de Remigio Crespo Toral; prlogo de la primera edicin por J. Roberto Pez; prlogo y notas de la segunda edicin por Vctor Manuel Albornoz. Cuenca: Impr. Municipal, 1957. 476 p. 6681b. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro segundo de cabildos de Cuenca, 1563-1569, versin de Juan Chacn Z., 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1977. xxvii, 240 p. Indexed. 6681c. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro cuarto de cabildos de Cuenca, 1575-1578, versin del Lcdo. Juan Chacn Z. Cuenca: Archivo Histrico Municipal (Cuenca): Xerox del Ecuador, 1982. [774] p. Cover title: Cuarto ttulo de cabildos, 1575-1576-1577-1578. Includes the original text in photofacsimile. Indexed. 6681d. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro quinto de cabildos, 1579-1587, versin paleogrfica de Juan Chacn Z. Cuenca: Archivo Histrico Municipal: Xerox del Ecuador, 1988. 645 p. Cover title: Quinto libro de cabildos, 1579-1587. Indexed. 6681e. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro sexto de cabildos, 1587-1591, versin paleogrfica de Juan Chacn Z. Cuenca: Archivo Histrico Municipal: Xerox del Ecuador, 1990. 262 p. Cover title: Sexto libro de cabildos, 1587-1591. 6681f. Cuenca (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro de cabildos de Cuenca [1800-1810], versin paleogrfica dirigida por el Dr. Juan Chacn Z. con la colaboracin de los estudiantes de la

Facultad de Filosofa de la Universidad de Cuenca. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1991. 2 v. (593 p.). Vol. 1. (1800-1805); vol. 2. (1806-1810). 6682. Cuenca a travs de cuatro siglos, compilacin, prlogo y notas de Vctor Manuel Albornoz. Cuenca: Direccin de Publicaciones Municipales, 1959-1960. 2 v. An anthology of travel accounts and other descriptions of the city and its district from the sixteenth through the twentieth century. 6683. Cuenca de ayer. Cuenca: Xerox del Ecuador, 1980. 138 leaves. Chiefly ill. Reproduces historic photographs of the city. 6684. Cuenca tradicional. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1983-1991. 2 v. (Coleccin imgenes del Ecuador; no. 4, no. 9). A collection of late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century photographic views. 6685. Cuenca y su futuro: seminario, Ana Luz Borrero Vega [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo; Cuenca: Universidad del Azuay, 1992. 406 p. 6686. Daz, Octavio. Monografa del Cantn de Cuenca. Cuenca: Tip. Municipal, 1919. 69 p. 6687. Documentos, [transcripcin y edicin de] Leonardo Espinoza, Alejandro Peralta, and Rubn Martnez, Revista del IDIS, 5:7 (sept. 1979), 111-209. Consists of economic sources from 1771-1830. 6688. Estrella Vintimilla, Pablo. Cuenca en el siglo XIX ; La Casa-Quinta de Chaguarchimbana. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 129 p. Almost every library catalog description of this work I have seen is wrong. It is not a question of title: remainder of title or of at head of title, but of two separate titles inasmuch as we are dealing with two separate albeit related works. The first is Cuenca en el siglo XIX , a study of the city per se in the 1800s, and the second is La Casa-Quinta de Chaguarchimbana, a treatise on the restoration of the building that became the Museo Nacional de la Cermica. 6689. Gonzlez Aguirre, Ivn. La casa, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 7 (1987), 36-45. A realistic yet sympathetic portrait of daily life among the poor in one of the forgotten casonas of yesteryear in downtown Cuenca. 6690. Gonzlez Aguirre, Ivn. Cuenca, barrios de tierra y fuego: desintegracin de los barrios artesanales. Cuenca: Fundacin Paul Rivet, 1991. 49 p. 6691. Gonzlez Aguirre, Ivn. Los orgenes urbanos de Cuenca, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 7 (1987), 9-35. A reexamination of the origins of the city and its role during the colonial period.

6692. Hirschkind, Lynn. On Conforming in Cuenca. 1981. vii, 407 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin. On the social structure and upper class of the city. 6693. Iglesias, Agustn. Estudio de la ubicacin geogrfica de la ciudad de Tomebamba, Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos de Cuenca, 38 (mar. 1943), 101-113. Maintains that Cuenca was founded at Paucarbamba in the region--not literally over the ruins of the city--of Tomebamba. According to Iglesias, this explains why so little in the way of Inca remains have survived in or near the Spanish/Ecuadorian city itself. 6694. Jaramillo Medina, Carlos. Evolucin histrica de la ciudad de Cuenca, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 26 (dic. 1987), 117-138. Although disappointing as an essay in historical geography, somewhat redeemed by the reproduction of several colonial period maps of the city. 6695. La Condamine, Charles Marie de. Lettre Madame *** sur lemeute populaire excite en la ville de Cuenca au Perou, le 29 daot 1739: contre les acadmiciens des sciences, envoys pour la mesure de la terre. Paris, 1746. 108 p. Recounts the events that culminated in the lynching of Jean Seniergues. 6696. El Libro de oro: edicin conmemorativa del IV centenario de la fundacin espaola de Cuenca del Ecuador. Cuenca: El Tiempo, 1957. 198 p. 6697. Lowder, Stella. Cuenca, Ecuador: Planners Dream or Speculators Delight?, T hird World Planning Review, 12:2 (May 1990), 109-130. 6698. Lloret Bastidas, Antonio. Cuencanaras, 2 ed. rev. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo del Azuay, 1990. 274 p. Contents: Cuenca: la fundacin, los hombres, el paisaje, los avitares; Por que nos llaman morlacos?; El Eco del A zuay: primer peridico de Cuenca; La huelga de los indios; Antao la vida era as; Artistas y artesanos, msicos y cantores; De lance en lance; Un forzado de las letras de molde. 6699. Malo Gonzlez, Claudio. Cuenca, 1 ed. Bogot: Mayr & Cabal Ltda.; Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi Enrique Grosse-Luemern, 1991. 141 p. Chiefly col. ill. An exceptionally well done coffee table book. Also published in an English version. 6700. Mrquez, Ezequiel. A dministracin de la hacienda pblica de Cuenca desde 1793 a 1822. Riobamba: Prensa Catlica, 1924. 20 p. 6701. Mrquez, Ezequiel. Ultimos das de la monarqua espaola en Cuenca, Boletn de la Biblioteca N acional, nm. extraordinario (24 de mayo de 1922), 47-70. 6702. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Cuenca, la ciudad colonial. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. del Clero, 1965. 204 p. Originally written as a series of newspaper articles. See also Mrquez Tapias Cuenca colonial (Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995; 290 p.; [Biblioteca de historia ecuatoriana; v. 13]),

a reprint and amplification of Cuenca, la ciudad colonial. I.e., La segunda parte, que consta en un original mecanografiado, fue conservado por su nieto Juan Tama Mrquez ... Illustrated with reproductions of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century photographs from the collection of Dr. Miguel Daz Cueva. 6703. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Cuenca, la ciudad eucarstica. Quito: Prensa Catlica; Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1933. 294 p. 6704. Mrquez Tapia, Ricardo. Elenco de los fundadores de Santa Ana de los Ros de Cuenca, Museo Histrico, 4 (27 feb. 1950), 105-122. 6705. Miles, Ann. Helping Out at Home: Gender Socialization, Moral Development, and Devil Stories in Cuenca, Ecuador, Ethos, 22:2 (June 1994), 132-157. A study of devil stories told by migrant parents to their children in order to reinforce lessons about gender behavior, reciprocity between kinship members, and family cooperation. These stories also criticize the breakdown of ideal (i.e., traditional) behavior in the urban context. See also Miless Pride and Prejudice: The Urban Chola and the Transmission of Class and Gender Ideologies in Cuenca, Ecuador, Balancing A cts: Women and the Process of Social Change, edited by Patricia Lyons Johnson (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992), p. 120-139, a case study of the impact of modern urban life on a chola cuencana, her husband, and their children. 6706. Moldstad, Gro Mathilde. Guardiana de la fe: oposicin religiosa y negociacin de identidad: los nobles de Cuenca, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 134 p. A study of the role of the Catholic Church and religious beliefs, particularly devotion to the Virgin Mary, in the social life and structure of the city, especially among members of the traditional ruling class. 6707. Moreno Egas, Jorge. Pasquines subversivos contra el gobierno espaol aparecidos en Cuenca en 1795, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 62:133/134 (ene./dic. 1979), 193196. 6708. Muoz Carrasco, Mnica. El Banco Central del Ecuador en Cuenca: edicin conmemorativa del sexagsimo aniversario de su establecimiento en Cuenca. Cuenca: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 227 p. A history of the Banco Central in Cuenca. 6709. Pan, panaderas y sitoplstica en la ciudad de Cuenca, Gloria Malo de Ramrez [et al.], Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 75-100. Also published in: Revista del Instituto A zuayo de Folklore, 4 (nov. 1971), 75-100; and reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), 49-74. 6710. Paniagua Prez, Jess. La esclavitud en Cuenca del Per (1770-1810), Estudios humansticos (Len), 8 (1986), 121-143. 6711. Pesntez de Moscoso, Gloria. Tejas, ladrillos y adobes en la Parroqua de Sinincay, Cantn Cuenca, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 181-201.

Also published in: Revista del Instituto A zuayo de Folklore, 4 (nov. 1971), 181-201; and reprinted in: Recopilacin de investigaciones sobre artesana (Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1975), p. 75-95. 6712. Revista cronolgica de los presidentes y secretarios del ilustre Concejo Municipal de Cuenca: desde cuando el Ecuador organizado en Estado Independiente y Soberano, dict el 27 de septiembre de 1830, la Ley sobre municipalidades, reglamentando la vida comunal, Tres de noviembre, 141 (abr. 1985), 65-110. 6713. Rothchild, John; and Judy Rothschild. Cuenca: gua turstica = Tourist Guide. Cuenca: Asociacin de Turismo del Azuay, 1970. 63 p. In Spanish and English. Well illustrated. 6714. Salazar, Ernesto. Rito religioso y rito secular en la Octava de Corpus de Cuenca, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 2 (I sem. 1992), 51-71. An anthropological and historical study of the celebration of the Corpus Cristi in the city: a religious rite more or less monopolized by the aristocracy, yet at the same time, a secular rite of the popular classes. 6715. Sarmiento Abad, Octavio. Cuenca y yo: reminiscencia. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. de Edit. Amazonas, 1981-1984. 2 v. Anecdotes and miscellaneous episodes and scenes from the first third of the twentieth century, especially from the 1920s. The memoirs of a native son. 6716. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Biognesis de Cuenca. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1957. xvi, 296 p. A well researched history of pre-Hispanic and early Hispanic Cuenca. Notable for inclusion of substantial economic data and some coverage of social conditions. 6717. Truhan, Deborah L. Mi ultimada y postrimera boluntad: trayectoras de tres mujeres andinas: Cuenca, 1599-1610, Histrica (Lima), 15:1 (jun. 1991), 121-155. Publishes and analyzes last will and testament of three Indian women who died in Cuenca, only one of whom was a native of the city, during the early colonial period. Exemplifies the wealth of socioeconomic data to be found in the notarial records of Cuenca, apparently the most complete in the country. 6718. Visita de don Pedro Martnez de Arizala a la ciudad de Cuenca, 1735), estudio introductorio y transcripcin documental de Manuel Carrasco V., Revista del Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 46 (1981), 125-172. 6719. Viva Cuenca!, A bajo el Ecuador! Quito: Edit. Cultura Popular, [1974?] 164 p.

GU AYAQU IL

In addition to the various almanacs, directories, and guides listed below, see: A lmanaque de las seoras y seoritas (Guayaquil: Impr. de J.J. Sono, 1861; 37 p.); A lmanaque ilustrado de Guayaquil, edited by Jenaro Barboso (Guayaquil: Impr. de El Telgrafo, 1906-1907; 2 v.); A lmanaque ilustrado ecuatoriano, edited by Jacinto Jouvin Arce (Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1914); and Gua comercial de Guayaquil, edited by J. Lassus Cadeville (Impr. Mercantil, 1905; 93 p.)

6720. Aguirre, Mara del Rosario. La accin habitacional del Estado en Guayaquil, 1972-1979, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1984. ii, 204 p. Cover title: Estado y vivienda en Guayaquil. 6721. Albornoz Peralta, Osvaldo. La masacre del 15 de noviembre de 1922. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1985. 16 p. From the authors: Historia del movimiento obrero ecuatoriano (item 2218). Not a reliable account. 6722. A lbum-gua de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1929. [172] p. Chiefly ill. 6723. Algunos documentos acerca de Guayaquil, [transcitos con una introduccin por] L.F. Borja (hijo), Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 2:3/4 (ene./abr. 1921), 103-138. Publishes miscellaneous correspondence of Governor Juan de Mata y Urbina (1796-1803). 6724. Argudo Chejin, Mariana. Pandillas juveniles en Guayaquil, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS, 1991. 76 p. A study of gangs and juvenile delinquency. 6725. Arosemena, Guillermo. Banco de Descuento. Guayaquil: G. Arosemena, 1987-1989. 2 v. A history of the Banco de Descuento. Contents: vol. 1. Origen, fundacin y aos de gloria, 1910-1952; vol. 2. La cada y ruina del Banco de Descuento: una tragedia guayaquilea. 6726. Arribas, Filemn. Nuevas noticias sobre don Ramn Garca de Len y Pizarro, gobernador de Guayaquil, Homenaje a don Ciriaco Prez Bustamante (Madrid: Instituto Gonzalo Fernndez Oviedo, 1969-1970) vol. 2, p. 21-48. Pizarro was governor between 1779-1790. Also published in: Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:2 (dic. 1972), 45-67. 6727. Aspiazu Carbo, Miguel. El acta de la fundacin de la ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil (Santiago de la Provincia de Quito): 15 de agosto de 1534, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa (Guayaquil), 20:37 (1970), 223-253.

6728. Aspiazu Carbo, Miguel. Las fundaciones de Santiago de Guayaquil: primera etapa de la colonizacin espaola del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1955. 340 p. In items 6727 and 6728, Aspiazu Carbo argues that Santiago de Guayaquil was founded provisionally as Santiago de Quito in the sierra and subsequently renamed Santiago de Guayaquil upon being relocated in the littoral and that, therefore, Guayaquil is the oldest Spanish city in Ecuador, having been the first founded. 6729. Baleato, Andrs. Monografa de Guayaquil, Museo Histrico, 45/46 (dic. 1963), 189-281. The most scholarly acceptable version, as of July 1997, of this early nineteenth-century relacin geogrfica of the port city and its district, transcribed from a coeval copy of, if not the original, manuscript. Supposed to have been published for the first time in Lima in 1820. That Baleato, a notable member of the Peruvian illustrati of the late colonial and early national periods wrote Monografa de Guayaquil then and there is undoubtedly the case, but I have been unable to find a copy or a bibliographic description or catalogue record of said 1820 imprint and therefore doubt that Baleatos Monografa de Guayaquil was published at that time. Available in several late-nineteenth- and twentieth-century editions and versions, beginning with that of Guayaquil: Impr. de la Nacin, 1887, edited by Pedro Carbo, probably the first published version thereof. 6730. Banco Central del Ecuador: breve historia de la fundacin de la Sucursal Mayor en Guayaquil, Julio Estrada Ycaza [et al.]. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1987. 1 v. in various paginations. 6731. Barbosa, Gnaro. A lmanaque ilustrada de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Telgrafo, 1906. 235 p. 6732. Becker, Alfredo. Crisis de las finanzas pblicas en Guayaquil, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS, 1992. 78 p. (Guayaquil futuro). 6733. Bernal Ruz, Mara del Pilar. La toma del puerto de Guayaquil en 1687. Sevilla: Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 1979. xiv, 116 p. A licentiate thesis on the pirate taking and sacking of the port city. Based on original research in the Archivo General de Indias. Unfortunately, marred by careless mistakes, especially in the identification of places. 6734. Bock, Marie Sophie. Guayaquil: arquitectura, espacio y sociedad, 1900-1940. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 130 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 38). A study of the growth and urbanization of the port city from the turn of the century through the eve of World War II. Pays particular attention to barrios and building styles. 6735. Buchwald, Federico von. Donde estuvo Amay?: contesta don Federico von Buchwald, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 14/16:30/32 (1964/1966), 112-119. Regarding the site of one of the pre-definitive asentamientos of Guayaquil. Argues in favor of Samborondn. See also item 6849.

6736. Campos, Francisco. Compendio histrico de Guayaquil desde su fundacin hasta el ao de 1820. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de la S. Filantrpica, 1894. 252 p. Reflects some original research. Francisco Campos (1841-1916) was the first national period chronicler of the port city. 6737. Campos, Jos Antonio. Guayaquil, contribucin al origen del nombre de esta ciudad, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 49-52. 6738. Capelo Cabello, J. Alejo; Jos I. Guzman; and Segundo Ramos. El crimen del 15 de noviembre de 1922; La hora trgica [del] 15 de noviembre de 1922 y otros apuntes sobre el movimiento obrero; Rasgos salientes de la tragedia histrica de noviembre de 1922. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 10, 14, 19 p. Three separately authored studies. Apparently reprints. 6739. Carbo, Pedro. Memoria sobre el ro y el puerto de Guayaquil y las mejoras que ambos necesitan. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Nacin, 1881. 34 p. 6740. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. Los franceses incendian Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 55-61. On the 1687 sack and burning of the port city. 6741. Casa Verde, Capilla y Hospicio Corazn de Jess, Banco Territorial. Guayaquil: Museo del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 29 p. Notes on and views of three historic buildings. 6742. Castillo, Abel Romeo. Los gobernadores de Guayaquil del siglo XVIII: notas para la historia de la ciudad durante los aos de 1763 a 1803, 2 ed. aum. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1978. xv, 398 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Madrid: Impr. de Galo Sez, 1931. xii, 397 p. The late Castillos doctoral dissertation. An administration by administration history of the port city during the late colonial period. Includes some coverage of economic developments. 6743. Ceriola, Juan B. Guayaquil a la vista: coleccin de fototipia con sus correspondientes explicaciones histricas, artsticas y descriptivas. Barcelona: Vda. de Luis Tasso, 1910. [150] p. Chiefly ill. A photo album. There is supposed to be a 1920 ed. too. See also items 6794 and 6797. 6744. Clayton, Lawrence A. Los astilleros de Guayaquil colonial. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1978. xi, 230 p. The Spanish version of: The Guayaquil Shipyards in the Seventeenth Century. 1972. 324 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tulane University. Translated by Carmen Victoria Flores de Hamerly and Michael T. Hamerly, and edited by Julio Estrada Ycaza and Michael T. Hamerly, notwithstanding how the credits read.

6745. Clayton, Lawrence A. Caulkers and Carpenters in a N ew World: T he Shipyards of Colonial Guayaquil. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1980. ix, 189 p. A revision of Los astilleros de Guayaquil colonial. Items 6744 and 6745 are basic works on the subject. Both reflect some original research but are not exhaustive studies. 6746. Clayton, Lawrence A. Guayaquil y la defensa de la hegemona espaola en el Pacfico oriental, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:4 (dic. 1973), 27-46. Also published in English as: Local Initiative and Finance in Defense of the Viceroyalty of Peru: The Development of Self-Reliance, Hispanic A merican Historical Review, 51:2 (May 1974), 284-304. 6747. Collin Delavaud, Anne. El reto de Guayaquil: responder a la crisis urbana, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 765-779. Perhaps the most important point Collin makes in this brief essay is that the twentiethcentury history of Guayaquil has not been adequately studied. 6748. Conniff, Michael. Guayaquil Through Independence: Urban Development in a Colonial System, T he A mericas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-A merican Cultural History, 33:3 (Jan. 1977), 385-410. A convenient summary of what was then known and supposed about the history of Guayaquil during the colonial period. Not altogether superseded by more recent research. 6749. Contreras, Alfredo. La Cmara de Comercio de Guayaquil, Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 4 (mayo 1968), 136-142. A brief history of the Chamber of Commerce of Guayaquil, established in 1889. 6750. Contreras Seplveda, Juan R. A lgunos elementos de socializacin poltica en el area suburbana de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1977. 230 p. 6751. Crnica comercial e industrial de Guayaquil en el primer siglo de la independencia: 18201920. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1977. 145 p. Reprint of an exceptionally useful commercial and financial chronicle and statistical compendium of the port city (p. 1-102). Originally published: Guayaquil: Librera e Imp. Gutenberg de Elicio A. Uzctegui [para el] Banco del Ecuador, 1920. 99 p. Also published with: Germnico Salgados La economa del Ecuador en los ltimos 70 aos (item 2288). 6752. Chaves Mata, Jos Mara. Estado actual de las instituciones obreras de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 53 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Guayaquil: Impr. de la Sociedad Filantrpica, 1914. 6753. Chvez Franco, Modesto. Crnicas del Guayaquil antiguo. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1930. 641 p.

6754. Chvez Franco, Modesto. Crnicas del Guayaquil antiguo, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1944. 2 v. A true second edition in that Chvez Franco added additional chronicles. But beware the element of fable in that Chvez Franco wrote a la Ricardo Palma without always distinguishing between fact and fiction. 6755. Chvez Franco, Modesto. Historia del cuerpo de bomberos de Guayaquil: desde la fundacin de la ciudad, 1537 hasta 1951. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, [1951?]. 550 p. A more or less factually accurate account. Also published in reprint: 2 ed. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 1985. 2 v. 6756. Dalmau Gavilanes, Francisco. El joven delincuente en Guayaquil: estudio psiquitrico. Guayaquil: Unin Grfica, 1983. 250 p. 6757. Descripcin de Guayaquil, Monumentos literarios del Per, colectados por D. Guillermo del Ro (Lima: Imprenta de los Hurfanos, 1812), p. 155-161. An anonymous account of the port city and its province. Drafted circa 1800. 6758. Desarrollo histrico de Guayaquil: la ciudad a travs de sus planos. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil; Comisin de Defensa del Patrimonio Nacional, 1987. 22 leaves. Chiefly ill. Reproduces plans of the port city, beginning with that of Alsedo y Herrera (1740). 6759. Destruge, Camilo. El edificio de la Biblioteca Municipal: relacin histrica, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:60 (ago. 1916), 285-304. 6760. Destruge, Camilo. La gran defensa de Guayaquil: relacin documentada. Guayaquil: Impr. Gutenberg, 1911. 35 p. 6761. Destruge, Camilo. Historia del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: y Tip. de El Comercio, 1915. 32 p. 6762. Destruge, Camilo. El primer vapor ecuatoriano, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:64 (mayo 1917), 357-361. An essay on the Compaa del Guayas that built the first steamship in Ecuador, the San Vicente Guayas in 1841. 6763. Directorio general de Guayaquil: gua comercial, industrial, postal, informativa y profesional, publicada anualmente por la Agencia de Publicidad y Propaganda de J. San Andrs P. 1921[1928/1929?]. Guayaquil: Agencia de Publicidad y Propaganda de J. San Andrs P., 1921[1928?]. [4?] v. An important guide to commercial, industrial, government and other establishments in the port city during the 1920s. This directory appeared in at least four editions. Unfortunately printed on acidic newsprint. Therefore very few copies of any issue have survived. 6764. Documentos de la poca colonial: padrones de la ciudad antigua, [transcritos por] Pedro Robles y Chambers, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 2:2 (1932), 73-77.

Published the 1793 registers of houses and pulperas of the city. 6765. Documentos del Archivo General de Indias de Sevilla, recopilados para la historia de Guayaquil por Julio Pimentel Carbo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 7:19/21 (dic. 1957), 221-228; 8:22/24 (dic. 1958), 115-121. 6766. Don Toms Carvo y don Esteban Urtarte sobre se alce la prohibicin de introducir ganados en la sierra, transcripcin de Juan Chacn Zhapn, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 6:11 (jun. 1977), 80-152. A 1737 expediente regarding provisioning of the port city with cattle from the highlands. Details many aspects of intra-colonial trade during the early eighteenth century. 6767. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Alrededor de la fundacin de Guayaquil, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:7 (jun. 1975), 9-63. 6768. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Apuntes para la historia de la lotera, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:5 (jun. 1974), 7-35. 6769. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Desarrollo histrico del suburbio guayaquileo, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 2:3 (jun. 1959), 14-26. 6770. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Evolucin urbana de Guayaquil, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 1:1 (1972), 37-66. 6771. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. La fundacin de Guayaquil, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1974. xvi, 278 p. A well researched account that elucidates many aspects of the early history of the port city and its district. See also the series of articles on Fundacin y mudanza de Guayaquil published by Estrada Ycaza in El Telgrafo in Aug. and Sept. of 1991, reprinted in La fundacin de Guayaquil: un tema controversial, Rafael Euclides Silva [et al.] (Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1997), p. 123-138. The latter is a brilliant, easily digested synthesis of Estrada Ycazas many years of research and reflection on the initial foundation and subsequent peregrinations of the port city. Interestingly enough Estrada Ycaza ultimately accepted Aspiazu Carbos thesis that Santiago de Quito and Santiago de Guayaquil were one and the same. 6772. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Gua histrica de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Banco del Progreso, 1995-. <2> v. Upon completion of publication, this will probably be the most detailed and well researched history of Guayaquil ever likely to be attempted. Being copyedited posthumously by Julios daughter Cecilia. The product of a half century of research. Well illustrated; in fact the illustrations are an integral part of the work and in their own way just as important as the text. Vol. 1 is a solid introduction to the population growth, physical expansion, and vicissitudes of the port city. Vol. 2, takes up the description of cada calle, plaza y otros lugares de inters general de la ciudad y sus inmediaciones. Four more vols. are projected. Partial contents: vol. 1, N otas de un viaje de cuatro siglos (1995); vol. 2, A -C (1996). 6773. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Hasta donde la tradicin?, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 6:12 (dic. 1977), 5-24.

Regarding the disputed foundation of the port city. 6774. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. El puerto de Guayaquil, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1972-1973, 1994 [i.e., 1995]. 3 v. Vol. 3, Puerto N uevo (1994): Instituto de Historia Martima. A major contribution to the history of Guayaquil as a port, its commerce, and as a shipbuilding center. 6775. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Seoras: crnica centenaria, 18781978. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1988. 413 p. A critical assessment as well as a detailed chronicle of the activities of the Sociedad de Beneficiencia de Seoras during its first 100 years. Based almost entirely on records of the Society. This group of civic minded women has engaged in many charitable activities and been an active sponsor of education and therefore of schools for girls. 6776. El Estrato popular urbano: informe de investigacin sobre Guayaquil. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1973. ii, 202 p. 6777. Estudio de mercadeo de productos alimenticios para Guayaquil, Accin Internacional Tcnica. Guayaquil: AITEC, 1974. 3 v. 6778. Explotacin y miseria urbana: la lucha por la tierra y la vivienda en Guayaquil: compilacin. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, 1980. 319 p. Contents: Alfredo Rodrguez and Gaitn Villavicencio, Notas para la discusin del problema de la vivienda en Amrica Latina; Jaime Cadme and Daniel Morocho, El dficit de la vivienda en la ciudad de Guayaquil; Alberto Peaherrera Z., Carlos Len Gonzlez, and Guido Serrano G., Marginalidad y miseria urbana; Carlos Len Gonzlez, Las invasiones de tierras y los planes de vivienda y promocin popular del actual gobierno; Gaitn Villavicencio, Democracia, populismo y luchas reinvindicativas urbanas. 6779. Fajardo Guerrero, Mara Eugenia; and Graciela Garca de Vliz. Distribucin del ingreso en el rea urbana de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. 191 p. 6780. Gallegos Naranjo, Manuel. A lmanaque ecuatoriano, o, Gua para Guayaquil: (datos geogrficos, estadsticos, demogrficos y comerciales) . Guayaquil: Tip. de El Chimborazo, 1883. 388 p. 6781. Gallegos Naranjo, Manuel. El fin del siglo: almanaque de Guayaquil (geografa y estadstica) . Guayaquil: Tip. Gutenberg, 1900. 214 p. 6782. Gandara Enrquez, Marcos. La semana trgica de Guayaquil, noviembre de 1922: aproximacin a la verdad. Quito: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Investigaciones Histricas y Geogrficas, 1991. ix, 486 p. The author, an Army general, defends the military against charges--not limited to leftists-that the military over reacted to the general strike of Nov., 1922, and employed excessive force against the strikers.

6783. Garay, Guido. Estampas de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Colegio de Abogados del Guayas, 1989. 243 p. An anthology of newspaper accounts by a leading participant in the cultural life of the city, especially in music and the theater. 6784. Garay Arellano, Ezio. La lite econmica de los negros de Guayaquil de 1742 a 1765, Coleccin A migos de la Genealoga, 24 (nov. 1987), individually paginated. Abstracts seven last wills and testaments from the second third of the eighteenth century of free blacks in the port city. Also published in: A ctas del primer Congreso de Historia del N egro en el Ecuador y Sur de Colombia (item 527), p. 113-121. See also the same authors Los negros en Guayaquil en 1850--also published in item 527 (p. 123-133)--an analysis of the 1849 census of the city. 6785. Garca de Veliz, Graciela; and Gaitan Villavicencio de Loor. La transformacin urbana en Guayaquil (1985-1990): realidad y perspectivas, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas; Quito: ILDIS, 1993. 95 p. (Guayaquil futuro; 6). 6786. Godard, Henri. El perodo cacaotero en el Ecuador (1890-1925) y sus repercusiones en Guayaquil, nuevo centro de gravedad del pas, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 26 (dic. 1987), 139-172. 6787. Gonzlez Bazo, Belisario. Crnica del gran incendio acaecido en Guayaquil el 5 y 6 de octubre de 1896. Guayaquil: Tip. de El Grito del Pueblo, 1896. vi, 68 p. A detailed account of the great fire of 1896 and of the losses suffered during the conflagration. 6788. Gonzlez Surez, Federico. Carta al Sr. D. Carlos Alberto Flores, concejal del I.A. de Guayaquil, Boletn eclesistico (Quito), 23:19 (1916), 593-597. Regarding the foundations of the port city. 6789. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Cabildo. A ctas del Cabildo colonial de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Archivo Histrico del Guayas, 1972-<1988>. <7> v. Indispensable records for the study of developments in the port city and its district during the seventeenth century. (N.B. All of the sixteenth-century and early-seventeenth-century libros de cabildos were lost centuries ago, to the ravages of climate, insects, and fire.) Originally transcribed by Jos Gabriel Pino Roca, whose edition of the first four books ( A ctas del Cabildo colonial de la ciudad de Guayaquil [Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1919]) this version supersedes. Revised by Rafael Euclides Silva in the 1950s, and Juan Freile Granizo in the 1970s. Only the first book of Silvas version was published: A ctas del Cabildo de Guayaquil, 1634-1639. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1970. 557 p. Silvas version of book one was reissued by the Archivo Histrico del Guayas in 1972, The next six books, covering the years 1640-1649, 1650-1657, 1660-1668, 1670-1679, 1682-1689, and 1690-1694 may be said to correspond to Freiles version inasmuch as he revised the Pino/Silva reading against the original manuscripts.

6790. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Consejo Municipal. A ctas de las sesiones efectuadas por el ilustre Concejo Municipal de Guayquil. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1910-1912. 3 v. 6791. Guayaquil (Ecuador). Concejo Municipal. Manifiesto que el I. Concejo Cantonal de 1926 a 1929 presenta a la ciudad al terminar sus labores. Guayaquil: Impr. y Tall. Municipales, 1929. 53 p. 6792. Guayaquil. Junta de Beneficencia. 75 aos de constante labor para atender necesidades permanentes de la colectividad social, 1888-1963: apuntes histricos y descripcin de servicios que presta. Guayaquil: La Junta, 1963-. <1> v. 6793. Guayaquil 70: metropoli dinmica, Demetrio Aguilera Malta [et al.] editores. Guayaquil: D. Aguilera Malta [et al.], 1970. 302 p. A multi-authored anthology on various aspects of the port city. Especially strong on the independence and Gran Colombia periods inasmuch as this work was produced to celebrate and to commemorate the sesquicentennial of the 9 de Octubre. 6794. Guayaquil 1936. Guayaquil: Empresa de Propaganda Ecuatoriana, 1936. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. A photo album. 6795. Guayaquil a travs de los siglos, prlogo y notas por Eliecer Enrquez B. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1946. xiii, 136 p. An anthology of travel and other coeval accounts of the port city and its province. Only vol. 1 was published. 6796. Guayaquil de ayer. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1985. xvii, 176 p. Chiefly ill. (Coleccin imgenes del Ecuador; 6). Portrays the port city through time and space, employing coeval drawings and photographic views Compiled and annotated by Julio Estrada Ycaza. 6797. Guayaquil en 1924. Guayaquil: Tall. Grf. de la Ilustracin, 1924. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. A photo album. 6798. Guayaquil para usted. Guayaquil: CETUR, 1994. 67 p. A tourist guide. Cover title: Para usted: Guayaquil. 6799. Guayaquil, realidades y desafos: seminario realizado por la Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, CORDES, Fernando Caldern [et al.]. Quito: CORDES, [1989?]. 376 p. 6800. Guerrero, Andrs. Los oligarcas del cacao: ensayo sobre la acumulacin originaria en el Ecuador: hacendados cacaoteros, banqueros, exportadores y comerciantes en Guayaquil (1890-1910) , 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Conejo, 1983. 101 p. A pioneering study, reprinted several times, of the composition and identity of cacao hacendados of the central-south coast and bankers, exporters, and merchants of the port city, and of the relationships between these groups circa 1900. Rightly praised and increasingly relied

upon by national and foreign scholars. Unfortunately, however, Guerreros Los oligarcas del cacao has not become the point of departure for more in depth research. In this regard, it cannot be over emphasized that far more information, including quantifiable, exists in print and in the archives for a more finely honed and much more detailed study of the members of the gran cacao. 6801. Gua de bolsillo de Guayaquil: 1924-1925. Guayaquil: Librera e Impr. La Reforma, 1924. 64 p. 6802. Gua de Guayaquil y almanaque de La N acin para 1902 y 1903. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Nacin, 1902. 181 p. 6803. Gua de Guayaquil y almanaque de La N acin para 1904. Guayaquil: Empresa Edit. de La Nacin, 1904. lii, 291 p. Apparently items 6802 and 6803 were compiled and edited by Vicente Paz. 6804. Hamerly, Michael T. El comercio del cacao de Guayaquil durante el perodo colonial: un estudio cuantitativo. Quito: Comandancia General de Marina, 1976. 75 p. A quantitative survey of the rise of the cacao trade from its origins in the seventeenth century through the boom of the late colonial period. In passing, has something to say also about general economic developments in the port city and its district. Based almost entirely on archival research. Includes a documentary appendix. 6805. Hidalgo Gonzlez, Pedro. Monografa sinttica de Guayaquil = Guayaquil, its history, its commerce, its industries, its possibilities, 2 ed. reformada. Guayaquil: El Concejo Municipal, 1939. 72 p. The first ed. appeared in 1937. 6806. Historia de la Gaceta Municipal, Revista Municipal (Guayaquil), 1:1 (9 oct. 1925), 23; 1:2 (9 nov. 1925), 23; 1:3 (9 dic. 1925), 10. 6807. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Las cofradas guayaquileas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 3:9 (dic. 1953), 167-220. As of July 1997, one of the only two studies undertaken of church sponsored burial and mutual aid societies of the port city and its district. Detailed and well researched but far from exhaustive. For the other study see item 6015. 6808. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Un histrico solar guayaquileo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:10-11 (ago. 1954), 137-180. A history of the lot on which the Palacio Municipal stands. 6809. Huerta, Pedro Jos. Nuestro reloj pblico, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 31:43 (dic. 1981), 37-49. A meticulous study of the Clock Tower on the Malecn. The clock is one of the few surviving artifacts from the colonial period. 6810. Las Jornadas de noviembre de 1922. [Guayaquil]: Edit. Rafael Perugachi, 1982. 41 p.

6811. Lang, Norris G. Political Instability: the Banking Elite of Coastal Ecuador, Contemporary Latin A merica: a Selection of Papers Presented at the T hird A nnual Conference on Latin A merica, edited by Harvey L. Johnson (Houston: Office of International Affairs, University of Houston, 1969), p. 17-23. That the coastal oligarchy or banking plutocracy of the port city enjoy considerable political as well as economic power is true, but that they have controlled national politics and policies to the extent that Lang postulated in this study may not be. 6812. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Una descripcin indita de Guayaquil, Temas americanistas, 1 (1982), 25-28. Comments upon and published an anonymous, undated Relacin de Guayaquil. This previously unknown account appears to have been written by a visiting merchant in the early 1770s. 6813. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. La maestranza del astillero de Guayaquil en el siglo XVIII, Temas americanistas, 4 (1984), 26-32. A pioneering essay on salaries, numbers, and ethnic composition of shipwrights and caulkers in the 1700s. Includes new data on the concurrent decline in shipbuilding. 6814. Laviana Cuetos, Mara Luisa. Las ordenanzas municipales de Guayaquil, 1590, A nuario de estudios americanos, 40 (1983), 39-69. Published the heretofore unknown municipal ordinances of 1593. Includes a study of their differences from and similarities to ordinances of other colonial cities and towns. Also published in: Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 10:19 (junio 1981), 59-86. 6815. Lee T., Pablo; and Florencio Compte Guerrero. Guayaquil, lectura histrica de la ciudad. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 1993. 97 p. See also item 3885. 6816. Len Borja, Dora. Los alcaldes ordinarios de Guayaquil y Puerto Viejo en el siglo XVI, A nuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1981), 531-561. 6817. Len Borja, Dora. Guayaquil y la Real Armada de la Mar del Sur, 1579-1624, Memoria del III Congreso Venezolano de Historia ... (Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1979), vol. 1, p. 239-298. On the construction of ships for the Armada del Mar del Sur at Guayaquil and Pun during the early colonial period. Based on research in Spanish archives, especially the AGI. 6818. Len Borja, Dora. Los indios balseros como factor en el desarrollo del puerto de Guayaquil, Estudios sobre poltica indigenista espaola en A mrica (Valladolid: Universidad de Valladolid, Seminario de Historia de Amrica, 1976), vol. 2, p. 281-311. A path breaking study of economic, especially maritime, activities of Indian pueblos of the littoral proper during the conquest and early colonial periods. Demonstrates that several parcialidades (apparently the postconquest equivalent of ayllus), if not entire pueblos, drew their

livelihood from the sea, not just as fishers but also as traders and freighters. A significant addition to the ethnohistory and to the economic history of Guayaquil and its district. 6819. Len Borja, Dora. Reinterpretacin de las fuentes relativas a la fundacin de Guayaquil, Revista de Indias, 24:97/98 (jul./dic. 1964), 383-410. Whether or not one agrees with Len Borja as to the original and subsequent locations of the port city before it came to rest definitively in 1547, this article will repay careful reading for the wealth of documented data it contains on the early history of Guayaquil and the central-south coast. Reprinted in: Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 49:107 (ene./jun. 1966), 17-40. 6820. Len Borja, Dora; and Adm Szszdi. Las autoridades de la ciudad de Santiago: Santiago de Guayaquil, 1534-1616, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 24:41 (1974), 5-12. 6821. Len Borja, Dora; and Adm Szszdi. El comercio del cacao de Guayaquil, Revista de historia de A mrica, 57/58 (ene./dic. 1964), 1-50. Yet another of the authors pioneering study. Supplemented but not superseded by Hamerlys study (item 6804) inasmuch as the former drew largely on Spanish sources whereas the latter used local materials. 6822. El Libro de matrculas de comerciantes, 1836-1837, [transcrito con una introduccin] por Michael T. Hamerly, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 3:6 (dic. 1974), 113-124. 6823. Lutz, Thomas McKinley. Self-Help Neighborhood Organizations, Political Socialization and the Developing Political Orientations of Urban Squatters in Latin America: Contrasting Patterns from Case Studies in Panama City, Guayaquil, and Lima. 1970. xiv, 472 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 1970. 6824. Martnez Jaime, Patricio. Guayaquil, noviembre de 1922: poltica oligrquica e insurreccin popular. Quito: CEDIS, Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1988. 149 p. 6825. Martz, John D. The Regionalist Expression of Populism: Guayaquil and the CFP, 1948-1960, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World A ffairs, 22:3 (Aug. 1980), 289-314. 6826. Matamoros Jara, Carlos. Las calles de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 120-243. A history of the streets of the city. 6827. Menendez-Carrin, Amparo. Mecanismo de articulacin electoral en las barriadas de Lima y Guayaquil, 1978-1985: estudio comparativo de modalidades y contenidos: proyecto de investigacin. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1986. 23 p. 6828. El Mercado del suelo urbano y barrios populares en Guayaquil, Milton Rojas M. [et al.], 1 ed. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales; Quito: Ciudad Centro de Investigaciones; Ottowa: International Development Research Centre, 1989. 247 p. 6829. Microempresa manufacturera, sector informal urbano y subempleo en Guayaquil, direccin de Luis W. Rosero Mallea. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 1989. 220 p.

6830. Milln y Pinto, Juan. Noticias interesantes de Guayaquil, Mercurio peruano, 12:603 (sept./dic. 1794), 165-172. A late-eighteenth-century account. 6831. Miras, Calude de; and Roberto Roggiero. El sector informal urbano bajo sospecha, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS; CEDIME, 1992. 139 p. (Guayaquil futuro; 3) 6832. Moore, Richard J. Assimilation and Political Participation among the Urban Poor in Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1977. xviii, 453 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. 6833. Moyano, Bolvar. Fundacin de Guayaquil y su proyeccin en el proceso histrico del Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 64 (abr./jun. 1986), 121-139. 6834. Muoz Vicua, Elas. El 15 de noviembre de 1922: su importancia histrica y sus proyecciones, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 133 p. 6835. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Evolucin social del obrero en Guayaquil (1845-1920): obra histrica. Guayaquil: Impr. Guayaquil, 1920. 163 p. 6836. Noboa, Carlos Manuel. A puntes histricos sobre el Cuartel Central del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Empresa Periodstica Prensa Ecuatoriana, 1928. 164 p. 6837. Noboa Icaza, Luis. El monumento a Jos Joaqun de Olmedo en Guayaquil, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 8:15 (jun. 1979), 5-31. Demonstrates that although the well known statute of Olmedo does not bear the likeness of the Bard of Junn, neither does it resemble Lord Byron as has sometimes been claimed. 6838. Olaya Yangual, Nelson. La crisis de la basura en Guayaquil, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS, 1991. 50 p. (Guayaquil futuro; 2). 6839. Ortiz M., Jos M. Guayaquil: historia y futuro. Guayaquil: Fondo de Desarrollo Urbano de Guayaquil; Fundacin Vicente Rocafuerte; Fundacin Hanns Seidel, 1991. 155 p. 6840. El Otro Guayaquil: servicios sociales del suburbio, intimidades y perspectivas, Accin Internacional Tcnica, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Junta Cvica de Guayaquil, 1976. xix, 155 p. 6841. Para la historia: el 15 de noviembre de 1922. Guayaquil: El Ideal, 1922. 28 p. 6842. Prez Concha, Jorge. Contribucin a la historia de mi ciudad, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 5:7 (1937), 300-311. Regarding the events leading up to and culminating in the invasion and occupation of Guayaquil by the Armed Forces of Peru in 1859. 6843. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Administracin, rganos y magistrados de justicia de Guayaquil a travs del siglo XVIII, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 18:34/35 (1968), 31-74. 6844. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Los alguaciles mayores de Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11/12:28/29 (1962-1963), 79-84.

A chronological account, containing some useful data. Also published in: Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 50:110 (jul./dic. 1967), 214-219. 6845. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Anecdotario de los ltimos dias coloniales, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 221-236. 6846. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Dos obras, un destino: el progreso de Guayaquil, ao de 1785, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 51:112 (jul./dic. 1968), 240-254. Regarding the fortification of San Carlos and the origins of the Barrio del Astillero. Consists mostly of primary sources. 6847. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. Efemrides guayaquileas, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 31:44 (ene. 1982), 17-47. A useful calendar of significant events in the history of the port city. 6848. Prez Pimentel, Rodolfo. N uestro Guayaquil antiguo. Guayaquil: Consejo Provincial de Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador: Edit. Alfa, 1986. 317 p. Primarily a collection of anecdotes, chronicles, legends, and traditions of the colonial period and the nineteenth century. Complemented by coeval illustrations, unfortunately poorly reproduced. 6849. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Donde estuvo Amay?, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 14/16:30/32 (1964/1966), 109-111. Pimocha according to Pimentel Carbo; Samborondn according to Buchwald (see item 6735). 6850. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Una famosa excomunin, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 4:10/11 (ago.1954), 181-193. An anecdotal account of the excommunication of Pedro Pablo Carbo, a local priest. 6851. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. El gobernador de Guayaquil, don Jos Pascual de Vivero, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 2 poca, 7:9 (dic. 1969/feb. 1970), 21-28. 6852. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Ms altos que ellos, los rboles: (aspectos de la vida colonial en Guayaquil del siglo XVI), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 59-73. A well documented study of the early years of shipbuilding in the port city. 6853. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Nuestro primer barco a vapor: (6 de agosto de 1.841), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 3:7/8 (ago. 1953), 113-117. A snapshot of the city the day the Guayas was launched. 6854. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Obras civiles y militares de Guayaquil en el ltimo tercio del siglo dieciocho, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 8:22/24 (dic. 1958), 110-115. See also the accompanying Plano de la plaza del mercado de Guayaquil de 1785, between pp. 116 and 117.

6855. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. Poco y mucho sobre la fundacin de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1988. 39 p. 6856. Pimentel Carbo, Julio. La primera noche de diciembre de 1867, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 2:6 (dic. 1952), 227-230. A glimpse of the city as of Dec. 1, 1867. 6857. Pineo, Ronn F. The Economic and Social Transformation of Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1870-1925. 1987. xiv, 403 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California at Irvine. 6858. Pineo, Ronn F. Misery and Death in the Pearl of the Pacific: Health Care in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1870-1925, Hispanic A merican Historical Review, 70:4 (Nov. 1990), 609637. See also: Robert H. Jackson, The Treatment or Mistreatment of Disease?: Comments on Ronn Pineos Misery and Death in the Pearl of the Pacific: Health Care in Guayaquil, Ecuador, 1870-1925, Hispanic A merican Historical Review, 71:2 (May 1991), 365-368; and Pineos Response to Robert Jackson, ibid., 369-373. 6859. Pineo, Ronn F. Reinterpreting Labor Militancy: The Collapse of the Cacao Economy and the General Strike of 1922 in Guayaquil, Ecuador, Hispanic A merican Historical Review, 68:4 (Nov. 1988), 707-736. A generally sound analysis and interpretation of the Nov. 1922 strike. Pineos handling of the yet to be resolved issue of approximately how many were massacred by the military, however, skirts the issue. Also published in Spanish as: Una reinterpretacin de la agresividad obrera: el derrumbe del cacao y la huelga general de Guayaquil en 1922, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:8 (1990), 99-134. 6860. Pineo, Ronn F. Social and Economic Reform in Ecuador: Life and Work in Guayaquil. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1996. xviii, 227 p. Based on his doctoral dissertation (item 6857). An important work in that Pineo adds substantially to our knowledge of the demographic and economic history of the port city for the years 1870-1925, but somewhat disappointing inasmuch as Pineo appears to be unaware of some of the relevant literature (including such basic works as Ortiz Crespos La incorporacin del Ecuador al mercado mundial [item 2143] and Quintero and Silvas Ecuador, una nacin en ciernes [item 1967] and of such critical sources as the censuses of 1861 and 1871, almost all of the original returns of both of which have survived. Also Pineos discussion of social structure and change is less than ideal, but in fairness to him, it must be added that he was laboring in the dark for the most part. Also he is not responsible for the printerss butchered presentation of his work. 6861. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. Contribucion para la historia de Guayaquil. Guayaquil. Impr. Gutenberg, 1909. 50 p. Published with an introduction the Representacin del Procurador General Juan de Robles Alfonzo (18 mar. 1756), an important statement of the rights and privileges of the city under the crown. Reprinted in: Leyendas, tradiciones y pginas de historia ... (item 6861), vol. 2, p. 6384.

6862. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. Leyendas, tradiciones y pginas de historia de Guayaquil, 3 ed. Guayaquil: Junta Cvica de Guayaquil, 1973. 2 v. Reprint; originally published: Guayaquil: Edit. Jouvin,1930. 414 p. An important compilation of historical fiction and studies, the latter of which fortunately are clearly differentiated from the former. 6863. Pino Roca, J. Gabriel. Los seores del cabildo, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 5:13-14 (ago. 1955), 69-82. 6864. Pinoargote Cevallos, Alfredo. El monumento del poder, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 120 p. A journalistic account of the Via Perimetral, its planning, construction, and impact on the flow of traffic and growth of the city. 6865. Puig Vilazar, Carlos. Sacrificio de un pueblo: 15 de noviembre de 1922. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 88 p. 6866. Real decreto de Fernando VII, en que se concede al Cabildo de Guayaquil el ttulo de excelencia entera y a los capitulares el de seora, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 142-144. Issued 26 June 1810. 6867. Reid, William Alfred. Guayaquil, Ecuadors Chief Port. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1931. 16 p. 6868. Reid, William Alfred. T he N ew Guayaquil. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1925. 13 p. An account of post-yellow fever Guayaquil. Updated by item 6866. 6869. Reig Satorres, Jos. Comentario a las A ctas del Cabildo de Guayaquil (1635-1639) , Museo Histrico, 49 (oct./dic. 1970), 125-163. 6870. Resea histrica de la inauguracin de la estatua de Olmedo en Guayaquil, el 9 de octubre de 1892, Pedro Carbo [et al.]. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Tiempo, 1893. 109 p. 6871. Robles y Chambers, Pedro. Estudio sobre el origen del escudo de armas colonial de la ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 9:21/22 (1952), 108-134. Also published as a separate: Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1952. 38 p. 6872. Rojas, Guadalupe. El microcomercio en Guayaquil. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales; Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 36 p. 6873. Rojas M., Milton; and Gaitn Villavicencio. El proceso urbano de Guayaquil, 18701980. Quito: ILDIS; Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales-Guayaquil, 1988. 254 p.

6874. Rolando, Carlos A. Historia de la Sociedad Filantrpica del Guayas. Guayaquil: Tip. de la Soc. Filantrpica, 1949. 298 p. 6875. Salmen, Lawrence F. Listen to the People: Participant-Observer Evaluation of Development Projects. New York: Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press, 1987. x, 149 p. A comparative study of development projects in Guayaquil, Ecuador and La Paz, Bolivia. 6876. Samaniego, Augusto. El proceso de concentracin urbana en Guayaquil y Quito en el desarrollo capitalista agroexportador e inicios de un proceso de industrializacin, Revista del Instituto de Investigaciones de Ciencias T cnicas (Cuenca), 7 (may. 1985), 5-35. 6877. Snchez Barn, Ricardo. Historia del aporte patritico de Guayaquil a la defensa nacional en el conflicto blico con el Per, en el ao 1941-1942: estudio histrico de la Junta Guayaquilea de Defensa N acional. Guayaquil: Edit. Universidad de Guayaquil, 1994. 158 p. The authors doctoral thesis: 1993. Universidad de Guayaquil. 6878. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Las apostillas de Rodrigo de Triana sobre Guayaquil, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 5:15 (dic. 1955), 104-116. Regarding the much debated foundation of Guayaquil. 6879. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Biognesis de Santiago de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1947. xxvii, 266 p. On the foundation and early history of the city. 6880. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Las fundaciones de Guayaquil: breves apostillas al libro del seor Miguel A spiazu C. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1955. 108 p. Disagrees with Aspiazu (item 6728) that Santiago de Guayaquil was originally founded as Santiago de Quito. 6881. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Guayaquil, la nueva. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1946. 42 p. A well researched study of the relocation of Guayaquil from ciudad vieja or the Cerro Santa Ana area to ciudad nueva or what is now the core area of what has now become the old downtown, following the pirate attack of 1687 and the fire of 1692. See also item 6882. 6882. Silva, Rafael Euclides. El progreso de Guayaquil a travs de la accin creadora de sus cabildos, Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 6:16/18 (dic. 1956), 99-106. Outlines the contributions of the municipality to the betterment of the port city through public works from independence through the first half of the twentieth century. 6883. Silva, Rafael Euclides. Vietas de antao: Guayaquil, la nueva, Boletn del Centro de Investigaciones Histricas, 7:12/17 (1947), 382-401. On the relocation of Guayaquil from the estuary and hill confined area in and around the Church and Convent of Santo Domingo to the Sabaneta south of the estuaries in the late seventeenth century.

6884. Szszdi, Adm; and Dora Len Borja. Los recursos y el desarrollo econmico de Guayaquil, 1535-1605, Revista de la Universidad Complutense (Madrid), 28:117 (ene. 1979), 475-488. An excellent review of Guayaquil's early emergence as a major port and as a commercial and manufacturing center. Emphasizes importance of the port citys exploitation of local and regional resources, including human (e.g., indios balseros). Based on considerable original research, mostly in Spanish archives. See also item 6817. 6885. Szszdi, Adm; and Dora Len Borja. Santiago de Quito-Santiago de Guayaquil, 1534-1536, Revista de Indias, 139/142 (ene./dic. 1975), 17-81. Argues a la Aspiazu (see item 6728) that Santiago de Quito as founded by Diego de Almagro on 15 Aug. 1534 at the Indian Riobamba was one and same city as Santiago de la Nueva Castilla (i.e. de Guayaquil) as refounded by Francisco de Orellana towards end of 1537. 6886. Townsend, Camila D. En busca de la libertad: los esfuerzos de los esclavos guayaquileos por garantizar su independencia despus de la independencia, Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 4 (I sem. 1993), 73-85. An essay on the efforts of slaves in the port city to obtain and to retain their freedom during the Gran Colombian and early national periods. Based on original research in the Archivo Histrico del Guayas and other repositories of Guayaquil. See also Townsends 1995 Rutgers University Ph.D. thesis, Doing a Days Business in a New Nation: A Comparative Study of Daily Economic Activity in Two Early Republican Port Towns, Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Baltimore, Maryland, 1820-1835. xiii, 417 leaves. Subsequently revised and published as: Tales of Two Cities: Race and Economic Culture in Early Republican N orth and South A merica : Guayaquil, Ecuador, and Baltimore, Maryland. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000. xv, [9], 320 p. 6887. Vargas, Jos Mara. La fundacin definitiva de Guayaquil. Quito: Comisin Nacional Permanente de Conmemoraciones Cvicas, 1987. 20 p. Perpetuates the myth that Francisco de Orellana founded Guayaquil once and for all in 1537 on the site of Cerro Verde. 6888. Velasco, Paul; and Gaitn Villavicencio. Perfiles tecnolgicos y pequea produccin urbana, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales-Guayaquil; Fundacin Interamericana, 1989. 198 p. A study of handicraft industries in Guayaquil and Babahoyo. 6889. Villacrs M., Jorge W. El ataque y bloqueo de Guayaquil por la expedicin naval del General Flores, en 1852, segn la versin de P. Pointel, oficial de la marina francesa, Revista, Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1:3 (abr./jun. 1964), 60-70. 6890. Villavicencio, Gaitn. Centralidad urbana y asentamientos populares en Guayaquil, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 897-908. 6891. Villavicencio, Gaitn. Las polticas urbanas y regionales del Estado ecuatoriano en el desarrollo de Guayaquil, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 53/54 (jul./dic. 1983), 81

6892. Wood, Henry. General Report on the Trade of Guayaquil, British Consular Reports on the Trade and Politics of Latin A merica, 1824-1826 , edited by R.A. Humphreys (London: Royal Historical Society, 1940), p. 226-251. Also published in Spanish as: El comercio guayaquileo en 1826: informe del consul britnico Henry Wood a George Canning, con nota introductoria de Enrique Ayala Mora, Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:7 (1990), 249-279.

IBARRA

6893. Cical, Mario. La villa de San Miguel de Ibarra, Quitumbe, 3:3 (1973), 115-131. From the previously little known Descrizione istorio-fisica della provincia del Quito (1771), not published in its entirety until 1994 (see item 7248). Cical was one of the Jesuit expulsos. 6894. Ibarra, ayer y hoy, [edicin de] Jos M. Leoro. Quito: Edit. Chimborazo, 1929. 119 p. Profusely illustrated. 6895. Ibarra (Ecuador). Cabildo. [Libros de cabildos de San Miguel de Ibarra]. Quito: Tall. Tip. Municipales, 1937-Ibarra: Municipalidad de Ibarra, 1944. 2 v. Apparently only the first two books of the acts of the town council of Ibarra have been published, at least, as of July 1977. Both were transcribed by Jorge A. Garcs G. Their particulars are: 6895a. Ibarra (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro primero de cabildos de la villa de San Miguel de Ibarra, 1606-1617, descifrado por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Tall. Tip. Municipales, 1937. xviii, 609 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 15). 6895b. Ibarra (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro segundo de cabildos de la villa de San Miguel de Ibarra, 1617-1635, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Ibarra: Municipalidad de Ibarra, 1944. xi, 628 p. 6896. Leyendas y tradiciones de Ibarra. Ibarra: Centro de Ediciones Culturales de Imbabura, 1988. 125 p. 6897. Madera, Luis F. Escudo de armas de la ciudad de Ibarra, A RN A HIS, 13:19 (mar. 1973), 26-33. 6898. Madera, Luis F. Ibarra. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, 1926. 17 p. See also Maderas N otas epigrficas de Ibarra [Ibarra?: s.n.], 1922. 30 p. 6899. Madera, Luis F. Ibarra en 1923: album de vistas de la ciudad y sus cercanas. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, [1923?]. 5, [86] p. Chiefly ill. 6900. Madera, Luis F. Ibarra y el terremoto de 1868. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, 1918. 19 p. 6901. Nicols Hidalgo, Jos. Diez tradiciones ibarrenas. Ibarra: [s.n.], 1960. 72 p.

6902. Pinea, Eliana. Estudio de Ibarra: las relaciones campo-ciudad, Revista geogrfica (Mxico), 84 (1976), 45-75. 6903. Tern, Emilio Mara. Exposicin del Coronel Tern sobre los sucesos de Ibarra. Quito: La Novedad, 1900. 51 p. 6904. Tobar Suba, Cristbal. Monografa de Ibarra, 3 ed. San Miguel de Ibarra: Centro de Ediciones Culturales de Imbabura, 1985. 272 p. Reprint. Originally published: Quito: Prensa Catlica, 1950. A history of the city.

LATACU N GA

See also C. Samuel Povedas Latacunga en 1934: album de vistas de la ciudad. [Quito]: Tip. Fernndez, 1934. 96 p. 6905. Caizares, Daniel Alberto. Ciudad hospitalaria: homenaje a Latacunga. Cuenca: Tip. Sarmiento, 1927. 60 p. 6906. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo; and Piedad Peaherrera de Costales. Poblamiento y fundacin de Latacunga: un corregidor progresista, don Baltazar Carriedo y A rce (El Mazorra) . Latacunga: Impr. Andradecar, 1984. 106 p. 6907. Latacunga ante los cuatro ltimos siglos de historia, 1 ed. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1993. 332 p. (Coleccin Medio milenio; v. 13). 6908. Ziga, Neptal. Significacin de Latacunga en la historia del Ecuador y de A mrica. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1982. 2 v. A well researched, solidly documented history of Latacunga from its foundation as a Spanish town through the early 1800s.

LOJA

6909. Anda Aguirre, Martn. El capitn A lonso de Mercadillo y el IV centenario de la fundacin de Loja. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1948. 40 p. 6910. Armijos Ayala, Arturo. Semblanzas y ensayos literarios. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Manuel Benjamn Carrin, 1982. 327 p. 6911. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Estrategias matrimoniales, apellidos, y nombres de pila: libros parroquiales y civiles en el sur del Ecuador Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre A ntropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 201-222. Examines racial passing, from indio(a) to mestizo(a) , and from mestizo(a) to blanco(a) as manifested in parish registers of Loja.

6912. Censo experimental de la ciudad de Loja, ao 1.958. Quito: Ministerio de Economa, Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1959. 63 p. 6913. Riofro, Francisco Javier. Dos pginas de la historia de Loja. Loja: Impr. del Clero, 1926. 22 p. 6914. Riofro, Rafael. Fundacin de Loja. Loja: Tall. de El Ecuatoriano, 1948. 16 p.

OTAVALO

6915. De la Torre, Heliodoro. Tambin hablar. Ibarra: Tip. El Comercio, 1907. 29 p. Apparently a denunciation of what were then the most recent local elections. 6916. Ferdon, Constance Etz. Market Day at Otavalo, Ecuador, El Palacio, 47:8 (Aug. 1940), 165-171. 6917. Freile Granizo, Juan. Resumenes de actas republicanas, cabildo de Otavalo, siglo XIX . Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 2 v. (Coleccin Pendoleros; 24, 25). A major set of primary sources for the study of the history of Otavalo and its district in the 1800s. 6918. Lebret, Iveline. La vida en Otavalo en el siglo XVIII. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 368 p. Reconstructs daily life in and around Otavalo in the 1700s. Includes an extensive documentary appendix. 6919. Monografa de Otavalo. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 2 v. 6920. Otavalo, aspectos urbanos e histricos, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1990. 99 p. Contents: Alvaro San Flix, Evolucin urbana de Otavalo; IOA, Nomenclatura de Otavalo; Patricio Acosta C., Estadsticas de la educacin primaria en Otavalo; Memorias de don Manuel Jaramillo (1981). 6921. Otavalo en imgenes: sesquicentenario de la ciudad, 1829-31 de octubre-1979. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1979. [210] p. Chiefly ill. 6922. Rueda Novoa, Roco. El Obraje de San Joseph de Peguchi, 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala: Tehis, 1988. 159 p. The authors M.A. thesis. A well researched study that adds appreciably to knowledge of the history of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Otavalo and of textile workshops, especially communal, of the town and its district. For a precis of this work see Situacin del Repartimiento de Otavalo en el siglo XVI e inicios del siglo XVII: creacin del Obraje de San Joseph de Peguchi, Quitumbe, 6 (1987), 21-43.

6923. San Flix, Alvaro. Testamentos y mortuorias registrados en el asiento de San Luis de Otavalo en los siglos XVI y XVII, Sarance, 18 (oct. 1993), 145-199. Analyzes wills and related documents from the early colonial period. Emphasizes religious beliefs and customs, patterns of inheritance, funeral rites and ceremonies, and bequests. 6924. Ubida Rubio, Luis Enrique. La ereccin de Otavalo en categora de villa, Museo Histrico, 7:21 (1955), 104-110. 6925. Valdospinos Rubio, Marcelo. Puesto de guardia. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1982. 207 p. An anthology of newspaper articles by author on Otavalo in the 1960s, 1970s, and early 1980s. Unfortunately, the articles are not dated.

QU ITO

6926. Achig A., Lucas S. La estructura social y las polticas de ocupacin del suelo en Quito. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1980. 32 p. 6927. Achig A., Lucas S. El proceso urbano de Quito: (ensayo de interpretacin) , Quito: Centro de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1983. 107 p. 6928. Albornoz, Miguel. Quito, proyeccin histrica y poltica. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1983. 32 p. 6929. Andrade Coello, Alejandro. Del Quito antiguo. Quito: Impr. Ecuador, 1935. 204 p. 6930. Andrade Marn, Luciano. Geografa e historia de la ciudad de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 61 p. (Cuadernos patria y cultura; no. 1). Estos escritos fueron primero publicados en la edicin extraordinario del diario El Da de Quito, del 6 de diciembre de 1934 ... y despus fueron reproducidos en el libro Quito a travs de los siglos, editado por Eliecer Enrquez, en 1938. 6931. Andrien, Kenneth J. Economic Crisis, Taxes and the Quito Insurrection of 1765, Past & Present, 129 (Nov. 1990), 104-131. Maintains that the steady erosion of the . . . economy from the late seventeenth century, established the essential context for the tax rebellion of 1765. 6932. La A poteosis de Quito, 26 de agosto de 1954. Quito: Impr. Municipal, [1954?]. 121 p. 6933. Arias, Augusto. Pginas de Quito. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1939. 125 p. Contents: El evocador; Perfil de Quito; Mujeres de Quito; Amores de Huaynacapac; San Francisco; Ciudad sin cada; Evocacin transente; Nuestros poetas y el gozo; Nuestros poetas y el viaje; El estampista desconocido; Psicologa del quiteo; Antao y hoy.

6934. Ascaray, Juan. Relacin del tiempo en que se descubri esta ciudad de Quito, del ao en que se erigi en obispado, del que se fund esta Santa Iglesia Catedral, los conventos de los religiosos, y religiosas, y colegios, y el Tribunal de esta A udiencia, y Chancillera Real ... Quito: Impr. de Mauricio de los Reyes, 1794. 1 v. (not paginated). The oldest known chronicle and therefore apparently the first history of the city of Quito. Republished by Federico Gonzlez Surez in: Boletn eclesistico (Quito), 16:14 (1909), 528-542; and reprinted as: Relacin histrica, Mensaje de la Biblioteca N acional, poca 3, 4/5 (dic. 1936/ene. 1937), 106-121. 6935. A tlas del distrito metropolitano: plan distrito metropolitano. Quito: Municipio de Quito, Direccin de Planificacin, 1992. 165 p. Chiefly plans. 6936. Barrera, Isaac J. Quito colonial: siglo XVIII, comienzos del siglo XIX , 2 ed. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1971. 497 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1922. 163 p. (Memorias de la Academia Nacional de Historia; vol. I) 6937. Barrera, Isaac J. Quito en la historia, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 50:109 (ene./jun. 1967), 39-56; 51:111 (ene./jun. 1968), 104-118. Maintains that El Ecuador se ha formado histricamente, en torno a la ciudad de Quito, su capital ... 6938. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Quito en el tiempo. Quito: Editora Nacional, 1980. 157 p. 6939. Bayle, Constantino. La vida social en la colonia: segn los libros del Cabildo de Quito, A RN A HIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 29-40. 6940. Benavides Sols, Jorge. Orgenes de la ciudad en el Ecuador: el caso de Quito, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1989), 126-137. Maintains that Quito as a city or urban conglomerate per se dates from Incan times and not before. 6941. Benavides Sols, Jorge. Quito, sntesis de una realidad urbana en los Andes, Cultura, 3:7 (mayo/ago. 1980), 180-195. 6942. Berger, Marguerite Susan. Gender Differences in the Determinants of Earnings in the Informal Sector: A Case Study of Microenterprise Borrowers in Quito, Ecuador. 1989. xii, 319 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--American University. 6943. Bock, Marie Sophie. Quito, Guayaquil: identificacin arquitectural y evolucin socioeconmica en el Ecuador (1850-1987) . Lima: IFEA; Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales-Guayaquil, 1988. 257 p. 6944. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. La imbecilidad del sexo: pulperas y mercaderas quiteas a fines del siglo XVIII, Historia de la mujer y la familia, editor general: Jorge Nez Snchez (Quito: Editora Nacional, 1991), p. 17-135.

6945. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. La imbecilidad y el coraje: la participacin femenina en la economia colonial (Quito, 1780-1830), Revista complutense de historia americana, 17 (1991), 167-182. 6946. Borchart de Moreno, Christiana. Mujeres quiteas y crisis colonial: las actividades econmicas femeninas entre 1780-1830, La Mujer latinoamericana ante el reto del siglo XXI (Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autnoma de Madrid, 1993), p. 319-332. Items 6944-6946 analyze the participation of women in the economy of the city, indirect as well as direct, as wives and widows of merchants and public officials and as independent landowners and shopkeepers in their own right, during the late colonial period. 6947. Bossano, Luis. Cronologa de la fundacin espaola de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. xvii, 264 p. Also published in a 2 ed.: Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1974. 249 p. 6948. Bravo Arauz, Bolvar. Quito monumental y pintresco, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1965. 534 p. 6949. Burgwal, Gerrit. Struggle of the Poor: N eighborhood Organization and Clientist Practice in a Quito Squatter Settlement. Amsterdam: CEDLA, 1995. 260 p. A study of the political culture and political history, external as well as internal, of La Lucha de los Pobres neighborhood, the first of the capitals squatter settlements. Based on fieldwork, especially oral interviews, conducted in 1989, 1990-1991, and 1992. An excellent piece of work, but given the paucity of studies on lower class neighborhoods in Quito, a more extended discussion of the demographic, economic, and social structure of La Lucha de los Pobres would have been appreciated. A preliminary version appeared as: Caciquismo, Paraelelismo and Clientelismo: the History of a Quito Squatter Settlement. Amsterdam: Institute of Cultural Anthropology/Sociology of Development, Vrije Universiteit, 1993. vi, 163 p. (Urban Research Working Papers; 32). 6950. Calmon, Jorge. Gra-Colombia vista e comentada. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1980. 148 p. A Brazilians impressions of Caracas, Bogot, and Quito in the late 1970s. 6951. Carrasco, Hernn. Indgenas serranos en Quito y Guayaquil: relaciones intertnicas y urbanizacin de migrantes, A mrica indgena, 51:4 (oct./dic. 1991), 159-181. 6952. Carrin, Alejandro. Esta vida de Quito ... Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1983. 253 p. An anthology of articles published by author under pseudonym Juan sin Cielo in the daily El Universo. 6953. Carrin, Diego. Renta del suelo y segregacin urbana en Quito: 1962-1975. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanizacin, [1979?]. 27 p. 6954. Carrin, Fernando. En busca de la ciudad perdida. Quito: F. Carrin, 1994. 266 p.

6955. Carrin, Fernando. Evolucin de la forma de organizacin territorial en Quito: sus momentos histricos cruciales, Cultura, 7:20 (sept./dic. 1984), 129-156. 6956. Carrin, Fernando. Quito, crisis y poltica urbana, 1 ed. Quito: CIUDAD: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 235 p. Examines the emergence of the capital as a major city replete with the problems of a metropolis during and following the petroleum boom of the 1970s. See also Carrins Quito, una poltica urbana alternativa, Medio ambiente y urbanizacin, 9:38 (mar. 1992), 55-69, in which he examines different plans for prevention of further deterioration of the historic core so that its colonial period character can be preserved. 6957. Carrin, Fernando; Diego Carrin; and Edgar Flores. La renovacin urbana en Quito. Quito: Colegio de Arquitectos del Ecuador, Ncleo del Pichincha, 1983. 75 p. 6958. Castigos propuestos por el Den contra los clrigos inmiscuidos en la Revolucin de las Alcabalas [1593], A RN A HIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 159-176. 6959. Castro, Mara Augusta de. La adaptacin de la ciudad a las limitaciones del marco fsico de Quito, Memoria del V Congreso N acional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 55-72. 6960. Cazamajor, Philippe. La red de mercados y ferias de Quito, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 1025-1035. 6961. Censo de la poblacin de Quito, 1. de mayo de 1906. Quito: Impr. de El Comercio, [1906] 16, [15] p. Compiled by the Oficina de Estadstica--also referred to as the Direccin General de Estadstica--probably a dependency of the Ministerio de Instruccin Pblica. 6962. Censo experimental de la ciudad de Quito, ao 1.957: volumen nico. Quito: Ministerio de Economa, Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1959. 69 p. 6963. Coleccin de oficios y documentos dirigidos por las autoridades del Departamento de Quito al Cabildo de la ciudad, 1823-1826, transcripcin de Gustavo Chiriboga C. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1972. xi, 460 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 35). 6964. Corral Moscoso, Marcela Isabel. Fundacin de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, Departamento de Asuntos Culturales, 1980. 24 p. 6965. Crecimiento de Quito y Guayaquil: estructuracin, segregacn y dinmica del espacio urbano, coordinacin de Henry Ren Godard. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Colegio de Gegrafos del Ecuador, 1990. 96 p. The essays on the capital treat its physical environment, the history of its hospitals, and the migration of banking from Guayaquil to Quito. The essays on the port city examines architecture and construction materials, municipal government, and land tenure. Two of the contributions compare the two cities, one their downtown areas, and changes there within, the other their contemporary architectures. 6966. Crnicas y descripciones de Quito, Cultura, 7:20 (sept./dic. 1984), 539-552.

6967. Chiriboga Alvear, Manuel. Resumen histrico de la Sociedad A rtstica e Industrial de Pichincha (1892-1917) . Quito: Impr. y Encuad. Nacionales, 1917. 2 v. (ix, 413, 491 p.). An insiders account. 6968. Chiriboga C., Gustavo. Las actas del Cabildo de Quito, ao de 1643, Museo Histrico, 17:50 (ene./mar. 1971), 216-233. 6969. Chiriboga C., Gustavo. Origen y evolucin de nuestro cabildo en la colonia, Museo Histrico, 48 (jul./ago. 1970), 159-175. 6970. De la Vega, Carlos Enrique. Monografa del barrio de El Tejar, Museo Histrico, 48 (ago./sept. 1970), 120-150; 49 (oct./dic. 1970), 68-94; 50 (ene./mar 1971), 234-252. 6971. Defossez, Anne-Claire; Didier Fassin; and Henry Godard. Espace urbain et sant publique: lhistorie sociales et politique du systme de soins Quito, entre carte et rcet, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 20:1 (1991), 113-139. 6972. Descalzi, Ricardo. Cinco errores histricos de Quito. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1986. 63 p. 6973. Descalzi, Ricardo. La Real A udiencia de Quito, claustro en los A ndes. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1978-1988. 3 v. (Historia de Quito colonial; vol. 1-3). Notwithstanding the title of this work, a chronicle of the capital during the first half of the colonial period, based primarily on the Libros de cabildos as transcribed by Rumazo Gonzlez, Garcs, and Chiriboga (item 7066). This work is also sometimes referred to by its series title. 6974. Enfoques y estudios histricos: Quito a travs de la historia, Paul Aguilar [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, I. Municipio de Quito, Ecuador; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca, Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1992. 237 p. (Serie Quito; 6) An exceptionally important set of essays on various aspects and periods of the history of the capital. Contents: Eduardo Kingman Garcs, Historia urbana: diversos enfoques (p. 15-26); Galo Ramn Valarezo, Quito aborigen: un balance de sus interpretaciones (p. 29-64); Rosemarie Tern Najas, Factores dinmicos en el desarrollo urbano del Quito colonial (p. 67-86); Guadalupe Soasti, Mercaderes y tratantes en Quito durante el siglo XVII (p. 87-106); Pablo Ospina, Quito en la colonia: abastecimiento urbano y relaciones de poder local (p. 107-126); Eduardo Kingman Garcs, Quito, vida social y modificaciones urbanas (p. 129-152); Eduardo Kingman Garcs and Ana Mara Goetschel, Quito, las ideas de orden y progreso y las nuevas extirpaciones culturales (p. 153-162); Guillermo Bustos, Quito en la transicin: actores colectivos e identidades culturales urbanas (1920-1950) (p. 163-188); Milton Luna, Los mestizos, los artesanos y los vientos de la modernizacin de inicios de siglo (p. 191-202); Juan Fernando Prez Arteta, La modernidad en el arte (p. 205-224); Paul Aguilar, Arquitectura, los inicios de la modernidad en Quito (p. 225-234).

6975. Espinoza C., Malva. El horizonte poltico popular: diagnstico, demandas, participacin y opciones polticas en un barrio popular de Quito, 1983. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 1984. 231 p. 6976. Estupin-Freile, Tamara. Testamento de don Francisco Atagualpa, Miscelnea histrica ecuatoriana, 1:1 (1988), 8-67. Publishes with explanatory notes last will and testament of Francisco Topatauchi, the most important of Atahualpas sons in Quito. Includes an appendix on urban and rural properties of the auqui. 6977. Expediente de fundacin del Hospicio de Quito Jess, Mara y Jos, 1782-1808, versin de Gustavo Chiriboga C.; prlogo de Hugo Moncayo, Museo Histrico, 16:47 (ene./jul. 1970), i-x, 1-169. A major source on the acquisition of the former Jesuit noviciate and its conversion into an hospicio, lazareto, and orphanage, and originally also a poor house. 6978. Farrell, Gilda. Los trabajadores autnomos: el caso de los pequeos comerciantes de Quito. Santiago de Chile: ILDIS; Quito: IIE-PUCE, 1983. 64 p. 6979. Fernndez, Mara Augusta. Quito, crecimiento y dinmica de una ciudad andina, Revista geogrfica (Mxico), 110 (jul./dic. 1989), 121-164. 6980. Fine, Kathleen Sue. Cotocollao: ideologa, historia y accin en un barrio de Quito, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 278 p. An interdisciplinary study of social organization and action in what has become a suburb of the capital. 6981. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. En el centenario de la fundacin de la ciudad de Quito. Quito: Edit. Gutenberg, 1934. 25 p. 6982. Flores y Caamao, Alfredo. Un escudo de armas de la ciudad de Quito: con una breve explicacin histrica. Quito: Tall. Municipales, 1923. 8 p. 6983. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. A l margen de la historia: leyendas de pcaros, frailes y caballeros, 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 193 p. Reprint; originally published: Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1924. vii, 291 p. The picaresque side of the colonial period. Although fictionalized a la Ricardo Palma, Gangotena y Jijn based his anecdotes on actual events and persons. Furthermore, he was well steeped in the sources. 6984. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Fiestas que se celebran en Quito a fines del siglo 18, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 7:19 (sept./oct. 1923), 263-269. 6985. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Quito en 1825, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 27:69 (ene./jun. 1947), 140-144. 6986. Garcs, Vctor Gabriel. Quito antiguo: plaza grande y calle real, Museo Histrico, 3:8 (marzo 1951), 104-115.

6987. Garca, Jorge. Las organizaciones barriales de Quito. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1985. 131 p. 6988. Godard, Henry Ren. Anlisis comparado de los centros y de los lugares de centralidad en Quito y Guayaquil, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 889-895. 6989. Godard, Henry Ren. Gestin del espacio urbano y sector privado: el caso de la banca quitea, 1950-1987, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 17:1 (1988), 103-122. 6990. Godard, Henry Ren. Quito, Guayaquil: evolucin y consolidacin en ocho barrios populares, 1 ed. Quito: CIUDAD, Centro de Investigaciones; Lima: Instituto Franes de Estudios Andinos, 1988. 205, xlvii p. (Coleccin Travaux del IFEA; t. no. 44). 6991. Gmez E., Nelson. El area metropolitana de Quito: estudio de geografa urbana. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1977. 99 p. 6992. Gmez E., Nelson. Las originalidades del crecimiento de Quito, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 879-888. 6993. Gmez E., Nelson. Pasado y presente de la ciudad de Quito, 1a ed. Quito: I. Municipio Metropolitano de Quito, 1995. 175 p. 6994. Gmez E., Nelson. Quito y su desarrollo urbano. Quito: Edit. Camino, [1980?]. 180 p. 6995. La Guerra de los cuatro reales: testimonio colectivo del pueblo de Quito en las luchas de abril 1978, [recopilacin y ed., Alejandro Santilln]. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1979. 120 p. 6996. Gua de Quito. Madrid: Unin de Ciudades Capitales Iberoamericanas: Sociedad Estatal para la Ejecucin de Programas del Quinto Centenario, 1990. 125 p. Superficial in coverage. Apparently intended for the Spanish-speaking jet set. 6997. Gutirrez, Alberto. Las capitales de la Gran Colombia. Paris: Librera de la Vda. de Ch. Bouret, 1914. 336 p. 6998. Guzmn Iturra, Ignacio. La senda: cartas de amor de un peregrino. [Santiago de Chile]: Unicornio, 1993. 364 p. Correspondence of a Chilean architect in which he describes Quito. 6999. Hardoy, Jorge E.; and Mario R. dos Santos. El centro histrico de Quito: introduccin al problema de su preservacin y desarrollo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Lima: Proyecto Regional de Patrimonio Cultural y Desarrollo, 1984. 131 p. A technical report on the preservation of the casco colonial and recommendations for regulating future growth of the capital. 7000. Herrera, Pablo. A puntes para la historia de Quito. Quito: Impr. de Juan Campuzano, 1874. 84 p. Reprinted in: Quito a travs de los siglos, t. 2, 2 pte., p. 1-113 (item 7072). Herrera was a serious researcher. Therefore his chronicles, for that is what this and item 7001 are, tend to be highly factual and generally reliable.

7001. Herrera, Pablo; and Alcides Enrquez. A puntes cronolgicos de las obras y trabajos del Cabildo y Municipalidad de Quito. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1916-1925. 2 v. Vol. 1 authored by Herrera; vol. 2 by Enrquez. 7002. Informacin de oficio de los servicios y partes de Cristbal Sanguino [1602], A RN A HIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 149-158. Regarding Sanguinos rle in the 1592-1593 Revolucin de las Alcabalas. 7003. Instituto Geogrfico Militar (Ecuador). A tlas infogrfico de Quito: socio-dinmica del espacio y poltica urbana = A tlas infographique de Quito: socio-dynamique de lespace et politique urbaine. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar; Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador; Paris: LInstitut franais de recherche scientifique pour le dveloppement en coopration, 1992. 1 atlas. In Spanish and French. 7004. Instrucciones para el rgimen y gobierno de la polica en esta ciudad, Museo Histrico, 16:48 (ago./sept. 1970), 107-119. Published the 1765 schedule of watchmen and the 1792 regulation of police. Also published as Las rondas en los barrios de Quito, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 361-366. 7005. Jaramillo J., Alfredo. Estructura familiar: estudio sobre los sectores populares de Quito, Ecuador. Santiago de Chile: Instituto Latinoamericano de Planificacin Econmica, 1972. iv, 115 p. Also published in: Revista paraguaya de sociologa, 10:28 (sept./dic. 1973), 59-151. 7006. Jerves, Alfonso A. A notaciones al Libro de cabildos, 1575-1576. Quito: [s.n.], 1935. 156 p. 7007. Jerves, Alfonso A. La fundacin de la ciudad de Quito, villa al principio: a la luz de la documentacin paleogrfica y de la historia: sntesis paleogrfico-histrica escrita con motivo del cuarto centenario de la fundacin (1534-1934) . Quito: Edit. de Santo Domingo, 1933. 282 p. 7008. Jimnez, Adolfo. Gua topogrfica, estadstica, poltica, industrial, mercantil i de domicilios de la ciudad de Quito: con las efemrides, anales histricos i acontecimientos ms notables hasta el ao de 1862. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1894. 288 p. 7009. Judde, Gabriel. Bernardo Recio: predicador jesuta en el Ecuador, 1750-1765, testigo y actor durante una sublevacin popular, 1765, Homenaje a N ol Salomon: ilustracin espaola e independencia de A mrica, edicin preparada por Alberto Gil Novales (Barcelona: Universidad Autnoma de Barcelona, 1979), p. 49-68. An analysis of Recios account of the tax riots of 1765. Complimented by three exceptionally useful appendices: 1) a chronology of Recios perambulations throughout the Presidency; 2) an index of the lesser towns and villages visited by Recio; and 3) a list of the missionaries and clergy (replete with their places and years of birth and death) in Recios account.

7010. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Calles de Quito. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 430 p. (Coleccin Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga; no. 38). A treasure trove of information on the streets of the capital, especially on their origins and interesting aspects of their past. Unfortunately, however, in this as in his other works, Jurado Noboa tends to present data somewhat haphazardly, barely analyzed, and inadequately interpreted. 7011. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. El chulla quiteo: nacimiento, vida y agona de un prototipo citadino, 1 ed. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1991. 344 p. (S.A.G.; vol. 60). 7012. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Desarrollo histrico y evolucin social de las primeras casas quiteas y de la Plaza Mayor entre 1534 y 1912, Cultura, 7:20 (sept./dic. 1984), 311-369. A preview of authors larger work on public squares and the buldings fronting them (item 7013). 7013. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Los indios del comn de Quito durante el primer siglo de coloniaje: 1534 a 1634, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 8 (1986), 212240. A pseudo-prosopographic study of Indians on whom data exists in sixteenth- and earlyseventeenth-century notarial records of the city. 7014. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Plazas y plazuelas de Quito Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 251 p. (Coleccin Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga; no. 39). A detailed study of plazas and plazuelas and of buildings fronting them from the sixteenth century through the present. Based on original archival research. 7015. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. El prestamismo en Quito en el perodo 1875-1905, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia (Quito), 65:139/140 (ene./dic. 1982), 45-64. 7016. Jurado Noboa, Fernando. Las quiteas. Quito: Dinediciones S.A., 1995. 367 p. On women of and in the capital from the pre-Incan beginnings of the city through the first half of the twentieth century. Examines women from all walks of life and the several ethnic groups, not just nuns, paramours, and prostitutes. Rich in vignettes and anecdotes. A good read, yet given the abundance of mostly novel, mostly archival information contained, one wishes that this and Jurado Noboas other, also detailed, monographs on his native Quito were indexed. One also wishes that someone would copy edit his work. 7017. Jurado Noboa, Fernando; Rocio Aguilar; and Vicente Moreno. Casas del Quito viejo. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1992-. <1> v. (Coleccin Medio milenio; v. 6). Vol. 1 purports to be a history of 50 historic houses from the 1600s through the 1900s, of the families who lived in them, and of the different functions accommodated by the houses in question through the centuries, but in reality it is a series of vignettes regarding set houses and their occupants. 7018. Kingman Garcs, Eduardo. Quito y el siglo naciente, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 871-875.

7019. Klak, Thomas. Recession, the State, and Working Class Shelter: a Comparison of Quito and Guayaquil, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 83 (1992), 120-137. Argues that Quito was better able to withstand the recessionary impact of the 1980s because the capital was cushioned by oil revenues whereas the port city was largely excluded from government funding. 7020. Landzuri Camacho, Carlos. Estructura y funcionamiento del Cabildo de Quito, 1534-1551, A nuario histrico jurdico ecuatoriano, 6 (1980), 565-591. 7021. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Lugares de Quito de mayor transcendencia histrica, Museo Histrico, 49 (oct./dic. 1970), 21-30. A survey of the most important historical sites in the capitol. Also published in: Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 281-285. 7022. Larrea, Carlos Manuel. Quito en la historia ecuatoriana, A mrica (Quito), 9:58 (nov./dic. 1934), 528-545. Also published in: Gaceta municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 159-172. 7023. Lavall, Bernard. Quito et la crise de lalcabala (1580-1600) . Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1992. 213 p. (Travaux de lInstitut franais detudes andines; t. 103). A detailed, sophisticated, well researched study of the sales tax rebellion of the late sixteenth century. Places the uprising in its economic and social as well as political context. Demonstrates that the rebellion was at best an protest, but not an uprising and clearly not a revolution Together with item 7024, the first truly new and as of July 1997, the most comprehensive study per se of the protest in question since Gonzlez Suarezs Historia general (t. 3, chap. 5). Also published in Spanish as: Quito y la crisis de la alcabala (1580-1600) . Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1997. 227 p. (Biblioteca de historia econmica; vol. 16). 7024. Lavall, Bernard. La rebelin de las alcabalas (Quito, julio de 1592-abril de 1593): ensayo de interpretacin, Cultura, 9:26 (sept./dic. 1986), 41-94. Originally published in: Revista de Indias, 44:173 (1984), 141-201. A prelude to Lavalles larger study (item 7022). 7025. Lesser, Mishy. Conflicto y poder en un barrio popular de Quito, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 921-931. A preview of authors larger study (item 7026) on the problems of daily life in El Triunfo, one of the poor neighborhoods of the capital. Covers 1977, the year in which the barrio began to be formed, through 1983. 7026. Lesser, Mishy. Conflicto y poder en un barrio popular de Quito. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 93 p. 7027. Levy, James R. Los artesanos de Quito y la estructura social: 1820-1920, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 4:14 (1982), 23-44.

7028. Libro de cartas escritas por los reyes nuestros seores, sumos pontfices, virreyes y otros ministros de esta Real A udiencia al Cabildo de Quito, 1589-1714, versin de Gustavo Chiriboga C. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1970. v, 178 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; 34). 7029. El Libro de la ciudad de San Francisco de Quito hasta 1950-51. Quito: Ediciones Cegan, 1951. 1 v. in various pagings. Contents: Quien es quien; Resea de instituciones; Guas de servicios varios. 7030. Lozano Castro, Alfredo. Quito, ciudad milenaria: forma y smbolo, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: CIUDAD, Centro de Investigaciones; Madrid: Centro de Investigacin Urbana y Arquitectura Andina, 1991. 262 p. Utilizes chronicles and other early colonial period sources to reconstruct the pre-Hispanic origins and post-conquest development and transformation of the city. 7031. Lucarelli, Francesco; and Elvira Petroncelli. A ntiche capitali del Sud A merica. Napoli: Guida editori, 1987. 2 v. 7032. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La ciudad de Quito hacia mil ochocientos, A nuario de estudios americanos, 51:1 (1994) 143-164. Examines the infrastructure and economy of the city and the pastimes of its inhabitants circa 1800. 7033. Luna Tamayo, Milton. Historia y conciencia popular: el artesano en Quito, economa, organizacin y vida cotidiana, 1890-1930. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Tehis, Taller de Estudios Histricos, 1989. 195 p. A pioneering study of artisans and guilds in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. 7034. Llerena, Jos Alfredo. Escorzo de Quito. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1960. 16 p. 7035. McFarlane, Anthony. The Rebellion of the Barrios: Urban Insurrection in Bourbon Quito, Hispanic A merican Historical Review, 69:2 (May 1989), 283-330. An in-depth reexamination of political and social aspects of the rebellion of 1765. Reprinted in: Riots in the Cities: Popular Politics and the Urban Poor in Latin A merica, 1765-1910 (Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1996), p. 17-69. Virtually the same study under the same title also appeared in: Reform and Insurrection in Bourbon N ew Granada and Peru, edited by John R. Fisher, Allan J. Kuethe, and Anthony McFarlane (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990), p. 197-254. 7036. Mndez de Herrera, Genoveva. El transporte urbano en Quito: anlisis de su problemtica y alternativas de mejoramiento. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad Central; CONUEP, 1991. 330 p. A major study of the urban transport system. Details the history of transportation in the city. 7037. Middleton, Alan. The Changing Structure of Petty Production in Ecuador, World Development, 17:1 (Jan. 1989), 139-155.

7038. Middleton, Alan. La dinmica del sector informal urbano en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones de la Realidad Ecuatoriana, 1991. 201 p. A study of small informal-sector producers from 1974 through 1990. 7039. Middleton, Alan. Pequea produccin no capitalista, empresas capitalistas y el proceso de acumulacin en el Ecuador, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 5:15/16 (1984), 159172. 7040. Minchom, Martin. La economa subterrnea y el mercado urbano: pulperos, indias gateras, y recatonas [sic] del Quito colonial (siglos XVI-XVII) Memoria del primer Simposio Europeo sobre A ntropologa del Ecuador (item 601), p. 175-188. An overview of the role of Indians in the market economy of the city during the colonial period. Reprinted in: Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 3:5 (1989), 93-104. 7041. Minchom, Martin. T he People of Quito, 1690-1810: Change and Unrest in the Underclass. Boulder: Westview Press, 1994. xvii, 297 p. Although not as well analyzed and interpreted as it could be, a major contribution to the history of the city of during the second half of the colonial period. Minchom provides a much needed demographic base to the ongoing reexamination of economic and social developments in the capital during the colonial period at large. He also broke new ground in that he focused on the non-elite and in the process illumined many themes, such as socio-racial status and mobility and religious riots and civil disturbances, especially that of 1765. See also Minchoms doctoral dissertation: Urban Popular Society in Colonial Quito, c.17001800. 1984. University of Liverpool. 7042. Moncayo, Hugo. Actas del Cabildo de Quito de 1650 a 1657, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 52:114 (jul./dic. 1969), 218-229. An introduction to and commentary on item 7066j. Also published in: Museo Histrico, 49 (oct./dic. 1970), 1-20. 7043. Monografa ilustrada de la Provincia de Pichincha. Freiburg: Herder, 1922. xxi, 24 p. Chiefly ill. Primarily a photo album of the capital. 7044. Moreno Egas, Jorge. La cofrada y la hermandad de los maestros tejedores de Quito, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 13 (1993), 105-124. A working paper on the Cofrada de Nuestra Seora de la Purificacin. Based on the brotherhoods record book of 1751-1834. 7045. Moreno Proao, Agustn. Nuevos datos sobre la fundacin jurdica y real del Quito hispnico, Museo Histrico, 50 (ene./mar. 1971), 1-37. Also published as a separate: Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1971. 7046. Naranjo, Marcelo F. Convivados de piedra: los indios en el proceso urbano de Quito, A mrica indgena, 51:2/3 (abr./set. 1991), 251-272.

7047. Nett, Emily M. The Functional Elites of Quito, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World A ffairs, 13:1 (Jan. 1971), 112-120. 7048. Noni, Bernadette de. Ensayo de caracterizacin de las afueras de Quito, Paisajes geogrficos (Quito), 17 (jul. 1986), 3-24. 7049. Noticias de los movimientos de Quito en el ao de 1765, Museo Histrico, 3:9 (1951), 37-54. A coeval account of the 1765 rebellion of the alcabalas. 7050. Oficios o cartas al Cabildo de Quito por el Rey de Espaa o el Virrey de Indias, 1552-1568, descifrados por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Tall. Tip. Municipales, 1934. xvi, 648 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 5). 7051. Oquendo, Luis. Expansin urbana y acceso de los sectores populares al suelo: el caso de Quito en la dcada de los aos setenta, Ecuador debate, 10 (feb. 1986), 65-102. 7052. Oquendo, Luis. Quito, propiedad territorial y crecimiento urbano, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, FLACSO Ecuador, 1988. vii, 249 p. 7053. Padrn de la ciudad de Quito y su corregimiento, hecho en 1779, [transcrito por] Rafael Euclides Silva, Mensaje de la Biblioteca N acional, poca 3, 3/4 (1937), 98-101. 7054. Padrn de Santa Barbara en 1768, Museo Histrico, 56 (1978), 93-122. 7055. Paniagua Prez, Jess. La cofrada quitea de San Eloy, Estudios humansticos (Len), 10 (1988), 197-213. 7056. Paniagua Prez, Jess. Un intento de reactivacin econmica en el Quito del siglo XVII: la fbrica de loza fina, Estudios de historia social y econmica de A mrica, 12 (1995), 93-105. An original essay on an heretofore all but unknown incident in the economic history of the capital and of the late colonial period, the attempt by the peninsulares Salvador Snchez Pareja and Manuel Dez de la Pea to make a go of it by establishing a porcelain factory. The factory was in operation from the late 1760s through 1788. 7057. Panorama urbano y cultural de Quito, Rosangela Adoum [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Direccin General de Planificacin, Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transportes, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1994. 238 p. (Serie Quito; 10). 7058. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. A puntaciones para una geografa urbana de Quito. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1961. xiii, 72 p. Cover title: Cartografa quitea. 7059. Prez Sinz, Juan Pablo. Entre la fbrica y la ciudad. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1986. 87 p. 7060. Prez Sinz; Juan Pablo; and Juan Carlos Ribadneira. Vivir en la ciudad: pobladores y reproduccin de la fuerza de trabajo en San Carlos A lto. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1987. 112 p.

7061. Porras P., Mara Elena. La elite quitea a mediados del siglo XVIII, Quitumbe, 7 (1990), 37-53. A well documented study of the economic base of members of the elite circa 1750. From the authors original masters thesis: La lite quitea en el Cabildo, 1763-1805. 7062. Proyecto de una escuela de paleografa, 1814, A RN A HIS, 11:17 (10 ago. 1968), 1-3. 7063. Puga, Miguel Angel. Crnicas del Quito antiguo. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1991. 399 p. (S.A.G. Series; vol. 49) 7064. Puga, Miguel Angel. Quito de ayer, Quito de siempre. Quito: S.A.G., 1993. 283 p. (Coleccin Medio milenio; vol. 11) Items 7064 and 7064 are anecdotal accounts of various aspects of the history of the city from pre-Hispanic times through the recent present. Pieced together from secondary studies and published sources. 7065. Quito (Ecuador). La apoteosis de Quito: 26 de agosto de 1954. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1954. 122 p. 7066. Quito (Ecuador). Cabildo. [Libros de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito]. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1934-<1995> <15> v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 1-4, 6, 8, 13, 14, 17, 20, 26, 30, 33, 36, 37). Almost every description of and reference to this monumental set, to which I have assigned a uniform title, is incorrect because the Libros de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito have frequently been confused with the Publicaciones del A rchivo Municipal de Quito, of which in fact they constitute a subseries. The first and second Libros de cabildos, coverings the years 1534-1551, were transcribed by Jos Rumazo Gonzlez; the next eight books, coverings the years 1573-1576, 1593-1616, and 1638-1646, by Jorge A. Garcs Garcs; the eleventh, covering the years 16501657, by Gustavo Chiriboga C.; and twelfth and thirteenth, covering the years 1658-1669, by Judith Paredes Zarama and Diego Chiriboga Murgueitio. As of July 1997 the following volumes, in chronological order, had been published: 7066a. Libro primero de Cabildos de Quito, descifrado por Jos Rumazo Gonzlez. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1934. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 1-2). 7066b. Libro segundo de Cabildos de Quito, descifrado por Jos Rumazo Gonzlez. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1934. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 3-4). 7066c. Libro del ilustre Cabildo, justicia e regimiento desta muy noble e muy leal ciudad de Sant Francisco de Quito, 1573-1574, descifrado por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1934. lx, 313 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 6). 7066d. Libro del ilustre Cabildo, justicia e regimiento desta muy noble e muy leal ciudad de Sant Francisco de Quito, 1575-1576, descifrado por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1935. xvii, 314 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 8). 7066e. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1593-1597, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1941. xxiii, 450 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; v. 17).

7066f. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1597-1603, descrifrado por Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1937. 2 v. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; vol. 13.14). 7066g. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1603-1610, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1944. vi, 572 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; vol. 20). 7066h. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1610-1616, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1955. vi, 600 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; vol. 26). 7066i. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1638-1646, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1960. xix, 467 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; vol. 30). 7066j. Libro de cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1650-1657, versin de Gustavo Chirioga C. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1969. xix, 574 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; vol. 33). 7066k. A ctas del Cabildo colonial de San Francisco de Quito de 1658 a 1663, transcripcin de Judith Paredes Zamara; revisin de Diego Chiriboga Murgueitio. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1993. xxxviii, 512 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; vol. 36). 7066l. A ctas del Cabildo colonial de San Francisco de Quito de 1664 a 1669, prlogo de Jorge Salvador Lara; transcripcin de Judith Paredes Zamara; revisin de Diego Chiriboga Murgueitio. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1995. xi, 514 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal de Quito; vol. 37). 7067. Quito (Ecuador). Cabildo. Libro de proveimientos de tierras, cuadras, solares, aguas, etc. por los Cabildos de la ciudad de Quito, 1583-1594, versin de Jorge A. Garcs G. Quito: Archivo Municipal, 1941. ix, 248 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 18). 7068. Quito (Ecuador: Departamento). Coleccin de oficios y documentos dirigidos por las autoridades del Departamento de Quito al Cabildo de la ciudad, 1823-1826, transcripcin de Gustavo Chiriboga C. Quito: Archivo Municipal de Quito, 1972. xi, 460 p. (Publicaciones del Archivo Municipal; 35). 7069. Quito, fotografas de Vicente Llamazares Martn; textos de Jorge Benavides Sols, Fernando Carrin, Jorge Salvador Lara. Madrid: Agencia Espaola de Cooperacin Internacional: Ediciones de Cultura Hispnica, 1989. 240 p. Primarily a photo album of the capital. Benavides Sols sketches the citys history from preInca times through the late 20th century, and Carrin its growth. 7070. Quito, 150 aos de capital de la repblica: 1830-1980. Quito: Departamento de Educacin y Cultura Popular, Municipio de Quito, 1980. 161 p. 7071. Quito a travs de los siglos, recopilacin y notas de Elicer Enrquez B. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1938-1968. 4 v. T. 2, 2 pte.: Edit. Artes Grficas. Vol. 3 (i.e., t. 2, 2 pte.) reprints Pablo Herreras A puntes para la historia de Quito (item 6999). [Vol. 4] entitled: Trptico franciscano quiteo (item 5011).

A major anthology of coeval descriptions, including relaciones geogrficas as well as excerpts from travel accounts, and historical sources and studies. 7072. Quito en 1822, Quito en 1922. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1922. 82 p. Cover title: Manifiesto sinptico comparativo de Quito en 1822 y Quito en 1922. Compiled and edited by Alcides Enrquez. Compares Quito as it had been and as it became through coeval documents and descriptions. 7073. Quito en el tiempo, seleccin de textos y fotos antiguas de Juan Freile Granizo. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 101 p.: chiefly ill. (Coleccin imgenes; no. 3). An anthology of historic photos of the capital. 7074. Quito en los aos veinte, preparado por Irving Ivn Zapater con fotografas de Jos D. Lasso e Ignacio Pazmio y textos de Jorge Carrera Andrade [et al.]. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1986. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. (Coleccin Imgenes; vol. 7). 7075. Quito, los hilos de la sociedad local, 1 ed. Quito: CIUDAD, 1993. 103 p. 7076. Quito para usted. Guayaquil: CETUR, 1994. 66 p. Cover title: Para usted: Quito. A tourist guide. 7077. Quito, tradiciones, testimonio y nostalgia, Edgar Freire Rubio, compilador. Quito: Librera Cima, 1992-1993. 3 v. An anthology of eye witness and historical accounts, anectodes and memoirs. Vol. 1 originally appeared in 1987, and vol. 2 in 1991. Both are available in several editions. Also there is an abridged edition with an Estudio introductorio, fichas biobibliogrficas y notas de Mara del Carmen Fernndez. 7078. Quito, transformaciones urbanas y arquitectnicas. Quito: Direccin de Planificacin, Municipio de Quito; Sevilla: Consejera de Obras Pblicas y Transporte, Junta de Andaluca; Madrid: Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores de Espaa, 1994. 283 p. (Serie Quito; 9). 7079. Quitologa, 1 ed. Quito: Colegio Manuela Caizares, 1980. 2 v. Contents: [vol.] 1. Desde la prehistoria hasta fines de la colonia; [vol.] 2. Quito histrico y artstico. 7080. Reid, William Alfred. Quito, a Cool Capital on the Equator. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1934. 30 p. First edition: Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1926. 26 p. 7081. Relacin de las fiestas reales que celebr la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de Quito, en la augusta proclamacin del seor rey don Carlos Cuarto: el da 29 de septiembre de 1789, versin de Judith Paredes Z., Museo Histrico, 17:50 (ene./mar. 1971), 189-215. 7082. Relacin sumaria de las dos sublevaciones de la plebe de Quito, [versin de] Celiano Monge, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 15:42/45 (ene./jun. 1937), 102-116.

A contemporary account of the 1765 uprisings. 7083. Riesgos naturales en Quito: lahares, aluviones y derrumbes del Pichincha y del Cotopaxi. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Colegio de Gegrafos del Ecuador, [1989?]. 92 p. Covers the years 1900-1988. 7084. Rodrguez, Lilia. Barrio Women: between the Urban and Femenist Movement, Latin A merican Perspectives, 21:3 (Summer 1994), 32-38. 7085. Rodrguez, Lilia. Las mujeres de Solanda: mujer, barrio popular y vida cotidiana. Quito: CEPAM: ILDIS, 1990. 196 p. 7087. Ron, Alex. Quito, una ciudad de grafitis, 1 ed. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Cultura, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Cultura, 1994. 156 p. 7088. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. Las fundaciones de Santiago y de San Francisco de Quito, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 44:100 (jul./dic. 1962), 179-193. Regarding the provisional and definitive foundations of the city. 7089. Salazar, Francisco Javier. Quito, en 1852. Quito,1853. 20 p. 7090. Salomon, Frank. Indian Women of Early Colonial Quito As Seen Through Their Testaments, T he A mericas: A Quarterly Review of Inter-A merican Cultural History, 44:3 (Jan. 1988), 325-341. 7091. Salvador Lara, Jorge. Quito. Madrid: Edit. MAPFRE, 1992. 404 p. A history of the city from prehistoric times through the present. Well written but somewhat sketchy and traditional in approach and coverage. Based entirely on published studies and sources. 7092. Santilln, Alejandro. La guerra de los cuatro reales: testimonio colectivo del pueblo de Quito en las luchas de abril 1978, con la colaboracin de Ral Borja y Simn Corral; fotografas de Csar Alvarez. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1979. 120 p. 7093. Schotellius, Justus Wolfram. Die Grndung Quito, Ibero-A merikanishces A rchiv, 9 (1936-1937), 159-182, 276-294; 10 (1936-1937), 55-77. A dispassionate, eminently scholarly account of the foundation and early history of Spanish Quito. 7094. Sheck, Ronald C. An Historical Geography of Quito, Ecuador. 1969. iv, 140 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Oregon. 7095. Sublevacin de Quito, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 23:61 (ene./jun. 1943), 133-136. 7096. Sublevacin de Quito en protesta por la aduana y los estancos,1765, versin de Carlota Bustos Losada, Museo Histrico, 2:7 (1950), 25-37; 3:8 (1951), 16-32 . Items 7095 and 7096 are coeval accounts of the 1765 rebellion of the alcabalas.

7097. Teltscher, Susanne. Informal Trading in Quito, Ecuador: Economic Integration, Internal Diversity, and Life Chances. 1992. xi, 246 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington. 7098. Teltscher, Susanne. Small Trade and the World Economy: Informal Vendors in Quito, Ecuador, Economic Geography, 70:2 (Apr. 1994), 167-187. Investigates ways in which petty, especially street, vendors of the capital are linked to capital, national, and global systems of production and of distribution. Based on interviews at the Feria or Mercado de Ipiales. Not surprisingly, found that more female than male small vendors were poor, but this is probably because more women than men participate in this kind of economic activity. 7099. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. Censos, capellanas y lites: aspectos sociales del crdito en Quito colonial (primera mitad del s. XVIII), Procesos: revista ecuatoriana de historia, 1 (II sem. 1991), 23-48. A well research study of the utilization of loans from ecclesiastical entities and endowments of chaplaincies as vehicles of credit by elite of the city of Quito during the first half of the 1700s. Also examines social aspects thereof. 7100. Tern Najas, Rosemarie. La ciudad colonial y sus smbolos: una aproximacin a la historia de Quito en el siglo XVII, N ariz del diablo, 19 (ene. 1994), 60-69. Focuses on the social history of the seventeenth century. Largely given over to a discussion of the impact of the life of Santa Mariana de Jess on popular religious beliefs and practices. 7101. Traversari, Pedro Pablo. El escudo de armas y los ttulos de la muy noble y muy leal ciudad de San Francisco de Quito: estudio histrico. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1914. 37 p. 7102. Unda, Mario. Maana ser otro da, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr.1986), 933-939. 7103. Vsconez, Mario. Apuntes sobre movilidad urbana: el caso de los trabajadores de los barrios populares de Quito, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 941-953. 7104. Vega S., Jaime R. Reminiscencias: Quito del recuerdo. Quito: Departamento de Artes Grficas del H. Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1987. 297 p. 7105. Viforcos Marinas, Mara Isabel. Los recogimientos, de centros de integracin social a crceles privados: Santa Marta de Quito, A nuario de estudios americanos, 50:2 (1993), 59-92. Founded in 1595 by the bishop of Quito as a reformatory for dissolute women, a refuge for abused wives, and an orphanage, Santa Marta became a private prison for mestizas and indias during the course of the seventeenth century. An original contribution to the little known history of penal and welfare institutions in the country. See also Viforcos Marinass El beaterio quiteo de Nuestra Seorca de la Merced y sus fallidos intentos de transformacin en convento, I Congreso Internacional del Monacato Femenino en Espaa, Portugal y A mrica (Len: Universidad de Len, 1993), p. 357-365) 7106. Villass Tern, Enrique M. Pginas de historia. Quito: Impr. Fernndez, 1964. 137 p. 7107. Villass Tern, Enrique M. Quito y su progreso. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1954. 96 p.

Only vol. 1 published. Includes 52 plates. 7108. Villagmez Ypez, Jorge. Geometra de la historia: el Cuartel de la Real A udiencia y Presidencia de Quito. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1973. 167 p. 7109. Villalba F., Jorge. La intervencin de la Iglesia de Quito en la revolucin de las alcabalas, 1592-1593, Revista del Instituto de Historia Eclesistica Ecuatoriana, 9 (1988), 35-72. Reexamines the role of the clergy, especially of the Jesuits, in the sales-tax rebellion of 15921593. Attributes the outbreak of violence to the abuses and shortsightedness of President Barros. 7110. Villavicencio de Mencas, Gladys. Indgenas en Quito, A mrica indgena, 51:2/3 (abr./set. 1991), 223-250.

RIOBAMBA

See also Ricardo Descalzis Sntesis histrica de la ciudad de San Pedro y San Pablo de Riobamba: estudio de sus fundaciones, nombres y ambiente colonial. Quito: Edit. Pedaggica Freire, 1987. 82 p.

7111. Borja, Luis Alberto. Los condorazos. Buenos Aires: Ediciones Peuser, 1954. 203 p. 7112. Costales Cevallos, Alfredo. Las fundaciones de Riobamba, Revista, Casa de la Cultura, Ncleo de Chimborazo, 4:4 (sept. 1956), 15-26. 7113. Costales Cevallos, Alfredo. Historia de Riobamba y su provincia. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 169 p. 7114. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Riobamba, la ciudad mrtir del siglo XVIII, Museo Histrico, 6:19 (marzo 1954), 77-93. Delineates the impact of the devastating earthquake of 1797. 7115. Costales Samaniego, Eudofilo. Riobamba en el tiempo: historia, tradiciones, y leyendas de Riobamba antiguo y actual. Riobamba: Edit. Espinoza, 1966. 141 p. 7116. Del Pino, Ins. La historia urbana de Riobamba: un viaje a travs del tiempo, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 853-861. 7117. Gangotena y Jijn, Cristbal de. Para la historia de Riobamba: una rectificacin, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos A mericanos, 4:10 (ene./feb. 1920), 145152. 7118. Heredia, Jos Flix. Don Martn de Aranda Valdivia y el escudo de armas de la antigua Riobamba, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 4:10/11 (mar./abr. 1920), 245261.

7119. Len, Carlos Arturo. La ciudad de Riobamba: (datos para una monografa), Dios y patria (Riobamba), 2:6 (abr. 1925), 178-205. 7120. Martnez Dvalos, Segundo. A rtculos sociales. Quito: Edit. Chimborazo, 1931. 321 p. 7121. El Primer centenario de Riobamba independiente, 1820-1920. Riobamba: Publicacin de la muy ilustre Municipalidad, 1920. 65 p. 7122. Relacin de las personas que murieron en la villa de Riobamba en el terremoto del da 4 de febrero de 1797, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 37:89 (ene./jun. 1957), 114-116. 7123 . Riobamba: primigenia, sublime y grande ciudad del Ecuador, que ha cubierto de gloria las pginas de la historia nacional. Quito: SENDIP, 1987. 39 p. 7124. Traversari, Pedro Pablo. La fundacin de Riobamba, su escudo de armas, y la Historia del P. Juan de Velasco, Dios y patria (Riobamba), 4:13 (ene. 1927), 60-74.

OTHER CITIES AN D TOWN S

7125. Achig S., Lucas; and Fernando Landvar. El proceso de crecimiento urbano de Macas, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 7 (1987), 46-62. 7126. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Cantonizacin del Paute. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana: Ncleo del Azuay, 1960. 120 p. 7127. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Monografa histrica de Girn. Cuenca: Casa Editora de Jos M. Astudillo Reglado, 1935. 145 p. 7128. Albornoz, Vctor Manuel. Paute: datos para su historia. Cuenca: Tip. Alianza, 1935. 259 p. 7129. Alcoser Y ., Miguel A. Historia de Guamote. Riobamba: Impr. Municipal, 1968. 173 p. 7130. Allou, Serge. Proceso urbano de Santo Domingo y Otavalo: factores, tendencias y actores: algunos apuntes metodolgicos, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 843-849. 7131. Anda Aguirrre, Alfonso. Zamora de Quito y el oro de N ambija. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, Ncleo de Loja, 1986. 143 p. 7132. Anda Aguirrre, Alfonso. Zaruma en la colonia. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 170 p. A well documented study of the early history of this gold mining town. Unfortunately, it is limited thematically as well as chronologically in covrage and based on the not altogether reliable Vacas Galindo Collection. 7133. Barrera, Angel T. Compendio histrico de Babahoyo. Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1919. 26 p.

7134. Barrueco, Domingo. Historia de Macas. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1960. xix, 257 p. A history of the capital of Morona-Santiago through 1950. 7135. Brooks, Rhoda S.; and Earle Brooks. T he Barrios of Manta: a Personal A ccount of the Peace Corps in Ecuador. New York: New American Library, 1965. x, 366 p. Previewed as Ecuador in N ational Geographic, 126:3 (Sept. 1964), 339-345. 7137. Cspedes, Arabella; and Julio Urbez B. Los inmigrantes asiticos y su impacto en la economa de la ciudad de Quevedo, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 11 (abr. 1979), 121-149. 7138. La Ciduad de Zaruma, Gonzalo Darquea [et al.]. Machala: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 96 p. 7139. Coba Robalino, Jos Mara. Historia de San Jos de Minas: desde 1865 a 1910. Quito: Sociedad Amigos de la Genealoga, 1993. 238 p. 7140. Cojitambo, artstico y literario, J. Heriberto Rojas C. [compilador]. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, 1983. 172 p. 7141. Cojitambo en sus bodas de oro eclesisticas. Cuenca: Tall. Grf. Municipales, 1959. 101 p. 7142. Destruge, Camilo. Yaguachi y Milagro, Boletn de la Biblioteca Municipal de Guayaquil, 3:37 (ago./sept. 1913), 193-202. 7143. Documentos para la historia de la villa de Gualaceo, Max Romeo Arzaga y Arzaga. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, [1983]. 198 p. Miscellaneous primary sources for the history of Gualaceo. 7144. Documentos relativos a ciudades que existieron en Quijos y Bracamoros, [transcritos con una introduccin por] Adm Szszdi, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 48:106 (jul./dic. 1965), 259-270. Publishes six documents from the Archivo General de Indias relating to the short-lived sixteenth-century cities of Bilbao, Avila, Alcal del Ro, and Nuestra Seora del Ro in the Oriente. 7145. Espinoza, Leonardo; and Ivn Gonzlez. Visin histrica del Cantn y de la ciudad de La Troncal, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 7 (1987), 63-81. 7146. Estrada Ycaza, Julio. Apuntes para una historia de Daule, Revista del A rchivo Histrico del Guayas, 4:8 (dic. 1975), 37-70. Also published as a separate: Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico y Archivo Histrico, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1980. 7147. El Estrato popular urbano de la ciudad de Esmeraldas: (informe de investigacin) , Nicanor Jcome B. [et al.]. Quito: Secretara Tcnica del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (CONADE), Seccin de Investigaciones Sociales, 1980. ix, 301 p.

7148. Granda y Maldonado, Jos. Descripcin del pueblo de Catacocha, Revista del A rchivo N acional de Historia, Seccin del A zuay, 8 (1989), 169-176. One of the 1808 relaciones geogrficas, the majority of which for southern Ecuador have yet to be published. Apparently almost all, if not all, of the 1808 descriptions may be found in the Archivo de la Curia Arquidiocesana de Cuenca and in the Archivo Histrico Nacional (Bogot). 7149. Gravelin, Blandine. Croissance urbaine en Amazonie quatorienne: le cas de Coca, Province du Napo, Cahiers des A mriques Latines, 7 (1988), 81-87. Examines the growth of Coca (i.e., Puerto Francisco de Orellana) from 1957 through 1985. 7150. Grijalva, Carlos Emilio. Monografa del pueblo de Bolvar, Coleccin A migos de la Genealoga, 23 (nov. 1986), 134-184. 7151. Hermida, Luis Felipe. Jocay-San Pablo de Manta: trayectoria histrica y su relacin con la Iglesia. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1972. 146 p. 7152. Lucena Salmoral, Manuel. La crisis minera de Zaruma (Ecuador) a fines de la colonia: la visita de 1811, European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies = Revista europea de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 57 (1994), 52-68. Examines the depressed state of the mines circa 1811. Based on the detailed visita reports of that year. 7153. Maldonado Caldern, Arturo. A ctividad econmica del hombre del suburbio. Machala: Universidad Tcnica de Machala, DISE, 1985. 168 p. 7154. Mata, G. Humberto. Machala en la patria y la cultura. Machala: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de El Oro, 1978. 72 p. 7155. Mera, Alejandro R. Monografa de Tulcn. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1929. viii, 200 p. 7156. Merchn R., Celso A. Chunchi: pasado, presente y futuro. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, 1980. 147 p. 7157. Middleton, DeWight R. Changing Economics in an Ecuadorian Maritime Community, T hose W ho Live from the Sea: a Study in Maritime A nthropology, edited by M. Estellie Smith (St. Paul: West Publishing Company [for] American Ethnological Society, 1977), p. 111-124. Examines the impact of tuna fleet fishing on the fishing fleet of canoes and small sail launches traditionally employed by manteos. 7158. Middleton, DeWight R. Development and Multiple Use: Conflict on an Ecuadorian Beach, Urban A nthropology, 17:4 (Winter 1988), 351-364. Documents the development of an urban beach from a relatively uniform, undifferentiated area used mainly by traditional fishermen to one increasingly subjected to the diverse pressure of multiple uses associated with maritime development.

7159. Middleton, DeWight R. Form and Process: a Study of Urban Social Relations in Manta, Ecuador. 1972. x, 246 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington University. The first major study of modern Manta to have been undertaken by an anthropologist and, as of July 1997, still one of the only two book length works (for the other see item 7163). 7160. Middleton, DeWight R. The Growth of a City: Urban, Regional, and National Interaction in Ecuador, Urban A nthropology, 5:2 (Summer 1976), 125-141. A cogent review of the history of Manta from prehistoric times through the present and of its regional and national roles. 7161. Middleton, DeWight R. Neighborhood and City in Coastal Ecuador, Urban A nthropology, 3:2 (Fall 1974), 184-199. A study of social organization among the poor of Manta. Based on fieldwork undertaken between 1970 and 1971. 7162. Molina, Rodrigo. Algunos aspectos socioeconmicos de la urbanizacin de Machala, Ecuador debate, 7 (ene. 1985), 161-173. 7163. Naranjo, Marcelo F. Etnicidad, estructura social y poder en Manta: occidente ecuatoriano. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 329 p. Originally presented as the authors doctoral dissertation at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 7164. Naranjo, Marcelo F. Political Dependency, Ethnicity, and Cultural Transformations in Manta, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 95-120. Items 7163 and 7164 are important because they constituted the only ethnographic studies of the port of Manta to have been undertaken by a national scholar as of July 1997, but somewhat less than satisfactory because Naranjo predicated his analysis on exogenous paradigms, especially the dependency model. Furthermore, Naranjos discussion of ethnicity and class leave something to be desired. 7165. Navarro, Jos Gabriel. Fundacin del pueblo de Pomasqui, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 21:58 (jul./dic. 1941), 265-268. 7166. Navas, Juan de Dios. A las puertas de El Dorado, Oriente dominicano, 3:16 (sept./oct. 1930), 153-158. Baos de Tungurahua in the 17th and 18th centuries. 7167. Navas V., Jos Buenaventura. Monografa histrica e ilustrada de la Parroqua de Manglaralto. Guayaquil: Impr. y Romero, 1923. 77 p. 7168. Paredes, Domingo; and Eduardo Estrella. Cochasqui. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, [1984?]. 159 p. Contents: Domingo Paredes, Comuna de Cochasqui: bienes culturales y desarrollo socioeconmico; Eduardo Estrella, Cochasqui: aspectos generales y recomendaciones sobre alimentacin, nutricin y salud.

7169. Porras G., Pedro I. Historia y arqueologa de la ciudad espaola Baeza de los Quijos. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1974. 219 p. (Estudios cientficos sobre el Oriente ecuatoriano; 1). 7170. Reyes, Ricardo I. Ensayo de monografa de la clebre Parroqua de Urcuqu. Ibarra: Impr. Cultur, 1941. 105 p. 7171. Rivera, Fredy; and F. Mora. Comuna Ro Santiago: 100 aos de nuestra historia. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1985. 42 p. 7172. Rodrguez, Jos R. Eje Manta-Portoviejo: futura conurbacin?, Memorias del V Congreso N acional de Historia y Geografa del Ecuador (item 559), p. 84-91. 7173. Rodrguez C., Horacio. Monografa de Chillogallo, Museo Histrico, 51 (1971), 328334. 7174. Rumazo Gonzlez, Jos. La ciudad de San Gregorio de Puerto Viejo, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 16:46/49 (jul./dic. 1937), 67-85. An important, well researched essay on the foundation, early years, and original vecinos of Portoviejo. Includes a documentary appendix. 7175. Saltos, Augusto Csar. En tierras de Bolvar: tradiciones, estampas y leyendas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1969. 372 p. Focuses on Guaranda. 7176. Torres, Luis Antonio. Tres pueblos de los A ndes en cuatro siglos de existencia: Cubijes, San Lucas de Ilape, Penipe. Riobamba: Edit. Progreso, 1940. 76 p. 7177. Torres Riofro, Victoriano. Fundacin de Zaruma. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1949. 30 p. 7178. Vilatuna Paez, Elicio. Pntag, historia y desarrollo. Pntag: Artes Grficas H.C.P.P., 1987. 109 p. 7179. Viter Garrido, Bolvar Alonso; Oswaldo E. Villalba; and Csar Montesdeoca Montalvo. Monografa de San A ntonio de Ibarra. Quito: Ediciones IADAP, 1989. 156 p. 7180. Ynez Quirola, Francisco Gerardo. Historia cuatrisecular del pueblo de San A ndrs. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1979. 102 p. 7181. Zaruma: cuatro siglos de peregrinaje histrico, Memorias de las XIV Jornadas de Historia Social, Zaruma 27-29 agosto de 1992. Quito: Corporacin Ecuatoriana de Amigos de la Genealoga, 1992. 297 p. Contents: Anibal Torres Carrin, Fundacin de Zaruma; Vicente Moreno, Similitudes entre Toledo y Zaruma; Ricardo Ordez Ch., Judaismo en Zaruma; Fernando Jurado Noboa, El poblamiento de Zaruma entre 1560 y 1820; Gonzalo Rodrguez Caldern, Estudio incompleto de autoridades coloniales y republicanas de Zaruma: 1565-1900; Rafael Savoia, La presencia del hombre negro en Zaruma; Fernando Jurado Noboa, El destino del oro de Zaruma; Rosaura Garca, La inquisicin en Loja y Zaruma; Gustavo A. Rivadeneira Romero, Estudio sobre la posibilidad de que todas las familias Romero tengan un origen comn; Ezio

Garay Arellano, Los Balarezo o Valarezo y su difusin desde Zaruma; Gonzalo Rodrguez Caldern, Breve esbozo histrico de la Iglesia Matriz de Zaruma: 1800-1930; Angel Iiguez A., Dispensas matrimoniales otorgadas por el Sr. Obispo a los moradores de Zaruma: 1830-1850; Jos Mayorga, Zaruma en la poca de Garca Moreno; Gonzalo Rodrguez Caldern, Apuntes varios sobre la compaa inglesia que labor en Zaruma de 1877 a 1896; Hctor Toro, Zaruma: rasgos que la caracterizan, sus hijos ilustres; Jorge Reyes, Breves anotaciones del arte teatral en Zaruma.

DESCRIPTION AN D TRAVEL

Heretofore the only major bibliographies of travel accounts of Ecuador were the corresponding sections in Carlos Manuel Larreas Bibliografa cientfica(items 110-111) and Robert E. Norriss Gua bibliogrfica (item 150). Although this section endeavors to be comprehensive, it does not include every travel account devoted to Ecuador or that includes substantial coverage of Ecuador for two reasons. First, difficult as it may be to believe, given the magnitude of and long standing interest in this genre, not every travel account is known. That is to say, some accounts have yet to be rediscovered. In this regard, consult Daro Laras Viajeros franceses al Ecuador en el siglo XIX (item 7343). Secondly, it has not been possible to flesh out the bibliographic particulars of all known accounts. The most detailed and in many respects the most important geographies of the country have been: Theodor Wolfs classic, more than a century old Geografa y geologa (item 7470); and the much more recent, multi-volume Geografa bsica del Ecuador (item 581). Perhaps the best brief account continues to be Francisco Terns Geografa (item 7451). Insofar as historical geography is concerned, Jean-Paul Delers Gense de lespace quatorien, also published in Spanish as Ecuador, del espacio al estado nacional (item 564) is a superb as well as basic study.

7182. Acosta Sols, Misael. Breves anotaciones sobre la historia de la climatologa del Ecuador, Flora (Quito), 3:7/10 (dic. 1943), 10-45. Also published as a separate: Breves anotaciones sobre la historia de la climatologa del Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Publicaciones Cientficas MAS, 1944. 47 p. 7183. Acosta Sols, Misael. Los climas en las regiones naturales del Ecuador, Flora (Quito), 4:11/12 (mayo 1944), 139-210. For a listing of other publications of Acosta Sols relating to the ecology and geography of the country see his: Bibliografa biolgica, botnica, agrcola y conservacionista del Dr. M. A costa Sols: 1930-1960. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana [para el] Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1960. 36 p. 7184. Acosta Sols, Misael. Geografa y ecologa de las tierras ridas del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1970. 117 p. 7185. Acosta Sols, Misael. Maderas econmicas del Ecuador y sus usos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1960. 321p. 7186. Acosta Sols, Misael. Los manglares del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, 1959. 82 p. 7187. Acosta Sols, Misael. Los pramos andinos del Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones Cientficas MAS, 1984. 220 p. 7188. Acosta Sols, Misael. Por la conservacin de las tierras andinas: la erosin en el Ecuador y mtodos aconsejados para su control. Quito: Edit. Ecuador, 1952. 187 p.

7189. Acosta Sols, Misael. Los recursos naturales del Ecuador y su conservacin, 1 ed. Mxico: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1965-1968. 4 v. (Plan piloto del Ecuador). 7190. Acosta Sols, Misael. La tierra agrcola: nuestro recurso bsico. Quito: Publicaciones Cientficas MAS, 1986. 402 p. 7191. Acosta Sols, Misael. Toponomias indgenas de la geografa ecuatoriana, Revista colombiana de ciencias exactas, fsicas y naturales, 26:60 (mar. 1986), 99-133. 7192. A ctas de la Reunin de Trabajo sobre el Fenmeno Conocido como El N io, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 4-12 de diciembre de 1974, organizado dentro del Decenio Internacional de Exploracin Ocenica (IDOE) bajo los auspicios de la COI [et al.]. Roma: Organizacin de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentacin, 1976. v, 411 p. Also published in English as: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Phenomenon Known as El N io, Guayaquil, Ecuador, 4-12 December 1974, organized within the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) [et al.]. Paris: UNESCO, 1980. 7193. Acua, Cristbal de. N uevo descubrimiento del gran Ro del A mazonas: al cual fue por la Provincia de Quito el ao de 1639, publicacin dirigida por Ral Reyes y Reyes. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1942. xiv, 79 p. (Biblioteca Amazonas; 4). Reprint; originally published: Madrid: Impr. del Reino, 1641. [6], 46 leaves. An account of a 1639 journey from Quito to the mouth of the Amazon by a member of the Pedro de Tejeira expedition. Acua, a Jesuit priest, was assigned by the Viceroy of Peru to accompany Tejeira on the return portion of his round trip reconnaissance of the Amazon and to report the results of the expeditions discoveries and travails. There are numerous other editions. Also published in English as: A Relation of the Great River of Amazons in South-America, Voyages and Discoveries in South-A merica (London: S. Buckley, 1698), p. 1-190; and in French as: Relation de la riviere des A mazonas (Paris: C. Barbin, 1682). 7194. Adoum, Jorge Enrique. Ecuador, imgenes de un pretrito presente, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1981. [188] p. Chiefly ill. 7195. Aguilar Vzquez, Carlos. El pas del sol. Cuenca: Impr. del Colegio Benigno Malo, 1926. 90 p. 7196. Albornoz G., Hugo L. Por tierras ecuatorianas, 1 ed. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin Pblica, 1948. 56 p. 7197. Albrizzi, Carlo. Carta de Carlo Albrizzi, S.J., misionero en el Maran, Revista de historia de A mrica, 69 (ene./jun. 1970), 85-105. An amusing letter of 4 May 1756, in which Albrizzi recounts to his father the events of his two year voyage from Genoa to Quito. Translated from the Latin with an introduction by Charles E. Ronan. 7198. Alejandro Valdez, Erasmo. Geografa fsica, humana y econmica del Ecuador. Loja: Universidad Tcnica Particular de Loja; Universidad Abierta, 1987. iv, 635, 14 p.

7199. Almagro, Manuel de. Breve descripcin de los viajes hechos en A mrica por la Comisin Cientfica enviada por el gobierno de S.M.C. durante los aos 1862 a 1866. Madrid: Impr. de M. Rivadeneyra, 1866. 174 p. On the Commissions explorations and activities in Ecuador, see pp. 76-152. 7200. Alsedo y Herrera, Dionisio de. Descripcin geogrfica de la Real A udiencia de Quito. Madrid: Impr. de Fortanet [for] the Hispanic Society of America, 1915. xxxv, 100 p. Publishes for the first time, with a prologue, notes, and geographic index prepared by Angel Gonzlez Palencia, Alsedo y Herreras 1766 relacin geogrfica. A major cartographic as well as a historical geographic source. The original manuscript is entitled: Plano geogrfico, y hidrogrfico del distrito de la Real Audiencia de Quito, y descripciones de las provincias, goviernos, y corregimientos que se comprehenden en su jurisdiccin, y las ciudades, villas, assientos y pueblos que ocupan sus territorios ... 7201. Alvarez, Eudofilo. Ocho cartas halladas por Eudofilo A lvarez. Quito: Tip. La Rpida, 1903. 118 p. This curious work, which I have not seen, nominally consists of eight letters written by one Alfredo from Granada, Spain, during his travels throughout Ecuador in the late nineteenth century. The letters, however, are known to have been written by the Alvarez himself. Alvarez was born in Latacunga in 1876, sojourned in Europe, and occupied several high posts, including that of Director of the National Library. 7202. A mrica pintoresca: descripcin de viajes al nuevo continente, por los ms modernos exploradores Carlos Wiener [et al.] Barcelona: Montaner y Simn, 1884. 859 p. More than half of this profusely illustrated coffee table book is given over to accounts of Ecuador in the late 1870s and early 1880s: Carlos (i.e., Charles) Wiener, Viaje al Ro de las Amazonas y a las cordilleras (p. 1-112); and Ed[ouard] Andr, Amrica equinoccial: Colombia, Ecuador (p. 477-859). Wieners travels took place between 1879 and 1882, and Andrs in 1876. Wiener was an engineer and Andr, a botanist. Although the illustrations consist of pen-and-ink drawings, the majority appear to have been reproduced from photographs and are comparable to those of scientific expeditions in detail and comprehensiveness. The illustrationsbut not the texthave been reprinted as: A mrica pintoresca (Madrid: ERISA, 1980; and Bogot: Ancora Editores, 1984). 7203. Andrade Marn, Luciano. A ltitudes de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Selecciones, 1931. 133 p. 7204. Andrade Marn, Luciano. La desconocida regin de Oyacachi: rectificaciones geogrficas, hallazgos etnolgicos y de un precioso manuscrito indito en poder oculto de los indios, A nales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 79:331/332 (ene./jun. 1952), 5-64. 7205. Andrade Marn, Luciano. El Ecuador minero, el Ecuador manufacturero, el Ecuador cacaotero: (breve balance crtico de los recursos naturales del Ecuador) . Quito: Impr. Nacional , 1932. 111 p. A classic account of the economic geography of the country circa 1930.

7206. Andrade Marn, Luciano. Viaje a las misteriosas montaas de Llanganati: expedicin italo-ecuatoriana Boschett-A ndrade Marn, 1933-1934. Quito: Impr. Mercantil, 1936. 239 p. 7207. Anhalzer, Jorge. Parques nacionales del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, [1988?]. [166] p. Chiefly col. ill. This and the following two items are coffee table books. Also published in English as: N ational Parks of Ecuador. 7208. Anhalzer, Jorge. Ecuador, tierras altas, 1 ed. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, 1987. [144] p. Chiefly col. ill. Also published in English as: Ecuador, the Highlands. 7209. Anhalzer, Jorge; and Ramiro Navarrete. Por los A ndes del Ecuador = T hrough the A ndes of Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Campoabierto, 1983. 171 p. Chiefly col. ill. In Spanish, English, and German. 7210. Anthony, H.E. From Humid Forest to Snow Capped Height in Ecuador, N atural History, 21:5 (Sept. 1921), 458-473. 7211. Anthony, H.E. High Andes of Ecuador, N atural History, 24:4 (July 1924), 429-441. 7212. Anthony, H.E. Over Trail and Through Jungle in Ecuador: Indian Head-Hunters of the Interior, N ational Geographic Magazine, 40:4 (Oct. 1921), 327-352. Describes the city and province of Loja and the Shuar in prose and black-and-white plates. 7213. A ntologa ecolgica del Ecuador, Fausto Sarmiento Rodrguez, compilador. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1987. 196 p. In Spanish and English. 7214. A tlas del Ecuador, Anne Collin Delavaud [et al.]. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Paris: Les ditions, 1982. 80 p. 7215. A tlas geogrfico de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1977. 82 p. 7216. Avendao, Joaqun de. Imagen del Ecuador: economa y sociedad, vistas por un viajero del siglo XIX , introduccin y organizacin documental de Leoncio Lpez-Ocn Cabrera. Quito: Corporcin Editora Nacional, 1985. 322 p. Detailed reports from 1857-1858 by the Spanish consul in Guayaquil and Quito on the state of the country, especially its economic conditions and potential (e.g., Memoria sobre el comercio y la navegacin del Ecuador con los dems pases, y especialmente con Espaa: precedida de un bosquejo del estado fsico, agrcola e industrial de las diez provincias de la repblica [p. 237-322]). 7217. Banda, Francisco. T he Republic of Ecuador and Her Principal A gricultural Products. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1936. 19 p.

7218. Barker, Barry W.; and Charles R. Barett. Haciendas of Ecuador. Ft. Lauderdale: Earthworld Press, 1995. 91 p. A bed-and-breakfast guide. Variant title: Metropolitan Guide to the Haciendas of Ecuador. A guide to bed and breakfast haciendas. Contains some historical data. Well illustrated. 7219. Bayern, Therese von. Reisestudien aus dem Westlichen Sudamerika. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1908. 2 v. For Princess Thereses impressions of Ecuador see vol. 1, p. 262-379. 7220. Bedoya Maruri, Angel Nicanor. N evados de Ecuador y Quito colonial. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1976. 258 p. This work actually consists of three (not two), separate studies. Pt. 1, Nevados, recounts ascensions and explorations of snow covered peaks; pt. 2, Los conquistadores, abstracts coeval accounts of the Spanish conquest and subsequent civil wars between the conquistadores; and pt. 3, Quito colonial,consists of well documented descriptions of monuments and vignettes of personages of the colonial period. 7221. Bemelmans, Ludwig. T he Donkey Inside. New York: Viking Press, 1941. 224 p. Delightful as well as insightful impressions in prose and drawings (some in color) of Ecuador in the 1930s, by the creator of Madeleine. 7222. Benalcazar Rosales, Csar. Ecuador, pas de primera en la mitad del mundo, 2 ed., aum. y actualizada. Quito: Edit. Epoca, 1981. 302 p. 7223. Blanchard, Dean Hobbs. Ecuador, Crown Jewel of the A ndes. New York: Vantage Press, 1962. 223 p. The country circa 1960. 7224. Blandn Landvar, Carlos. El clima y sus caractersticas en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1976. 83 p. 7225. Blomberg, Rolf. Buried Gold and A nacondas. London: Ruskin House; New York: Nelson, 1959. 144 p. Originally published in Swedish as: Guld att Hmta. Also published in German as: A nakonda, auf Filmjagd im Urwald Ekuadors und Kolumbiens ... Wiesbadden: E. Brockhaus, 1957. 159 p. Recounts several trips made during the first half of the 1950s into the Llangantes Mts. and uninhabited jungles of eastern Ecuador in search of lost treasure and giant snakes. 7226. Blomberg, Rolf. Latitud O , glimtar frn Ecuador. Stockholm: H. Geber, 1960. 162 p. 7227. Borja A., Cristina; and Sergio Lasso B. Plantas nativas para reforestacin en el Ecuador. Quito: Fundacin Natura, 1990. 208 p. 7228. Borrero Vintimilla, Antonio. Geografa econmica del Ecuador: la economa ecuatoriana. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1974. 580 p.

A solid general geography of the country, notwithstanding the title and subtitle. 7229. Bouguer, Pierre. La figure de la terre: dterminc par les observations de Messieurs Bouguer, & de la Condamine, de lA cadmie royale des siences, envoys par ordre du Roy au Prou, pour observer aux environs de lquateur. Paris: C.A. Jombert, 1749. [24], cx, 394 p. 7230. Bouguer, Pierre. Relation abrege du voyage du Prou. Paris, 1744-1746. 2 v. Also published in English as: An Abridged Relation of a Voyage to Peru, Undertaken ... to Measure the Degrees of the Meridian near the Equator, A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in A ll Parts of the World, [edited by] John Pinkerton, vol. 14 (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, 1813), p. 270-313. 7231. Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonn. Viajes cientficos a los A ndes ecuatoriales, o, Coleccin de memorias sobre fsica, qumica e historia natural de la N ueva Granada, Ecuador y Venezuela, traduccin por J. Acosta. Paris: Lasserre, 1849. xxi, 322 p. Boussingault spent nearly ten years in northern South America, culminating his explorations in 1831 with an attempt to scale Chimborazo. See also his: Memorias (Bogot: Comisin Preparatoria para el V Centenario del Descubrimiento de Amrica : Instituto Colombiano de Cultura-Colcultura, 1994; 3 v.); and Francis Halls Excursions in the Neighborhood of Quito, and towards the Summit of Chimborazo, in 1831 Journal of Botany: Being a Second Series of the Botanical Miscellany, edited by William Jackson Hooker, 1 (1834), 327-354. N.B. Hall usually accompanied Boussingault on his Ecuadorian excursions. This time around they were joined by William Jameson. 7232. Browning, Webster E. T he Republic of Ecuador: Social, Intellectual and Religious Conditions Today. New York: Committee on Co-operation in Latin America, 1920. 30 p. 7233. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. A l futuro desde la experiencia: los pueblos indgenas y el manejo del medio ambiente. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 243 p. 7234. Buchet, Martine. Panam: sombrero de leyenda. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi, 1995. 143 p. Chiefly col. ill. A coffee table book on the Panama hat and its manufacture in Ecuador. 7235. Caldas, Francisco Jos de. Obras completas. Bogot: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1966. 531 p. Does not include his correspondence for which see item 1363. 7236. Caldas, Francisco Jos de. Relacin de un viaje hecho a Cotacache, la Villa, Imbabura, Cayambe, etc.: comenzado el 23 de julio de 1802, [edicin de] Agustn Barreiro. Madrid: V. Surez, 1933. 214 p. Caldass travels throughout the highlands. Reprinted in his Obras completas (item 7236). 7237. Caldas, Francisco Jos de. Viajes: (viaje al corazn del Barnuevo) . Bogot: Impr. Minerva, 1936. 161 p. Caldass travels in the central and southern highlands. Reprinted in his Obras completas (item 7236).

7238. Canby, Thomas Y . El Nios Ill Wind, N ational Geographic, 165:2 (Feb. 1984), 144183. Places the El Nio of 1982/1983 in global perspective. See p. 146-147 and 164-167 for its impact on Ecuador. See also items 7247 and 7249. 7239. Caadas, Luis. El mapa bioclimtico y ecolgico del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1983. 210 p. 7240. Carpenter, Frank George. Lands of the A ndes and the Desert. Garden City, N.Y .: Doubleday, Page & Co., 1924. xiv, 285 p. An early-twentieth-century account of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia replete with 104 illustrations from original photographs. 7241. Carpio Vintimilla, Julio; and Rodrigo Lpez Monsalve. Gua turstica del Ecuador. Cuenca: Ediciones La Golondrina, 1994. 242 p. 7242. Carrera Andrade, Jorge. La tierra siempre verde: el Ecuador visto por los cronistas de Indias, los corsarios y los viajeros ilustres. Paris: Ediciones Internacionales, 1955. 281 p. An impressionistic account of the colonial period. Loosely based on the accounts of chroniclers, pirates, and scientific travelers. Riddled with errors. 7243. La Carretera Rumichaca-Babahoyo. Quito: Tall. Tip. del Estado, 1930. 128 p. Published for the Oficina de Informacin y Propaganda anexa a la Secretara de la Presidencia. 7244. Casal, Manuel Alfredo. Gran gua estadstica sud-americana: refutacin. Guayaquil: Oficina Tipogrfica, 1895. 122 p. Refutes the errors regarding Ecuador in the Gran gua estadstica sud-americana (Geneva, 1892). A quasi-gua de forasteros, replete with exceptionally interesting minutiae. 7245. Casey, Alfredo. Tiempo y ambiente de la Repblica del Ecuador. La Plata, Argentina: Municipalidad de La Plata, 1962. 82 p. 7246. Castro, Julio. Pginas de una cartera de viaje: un viaje con Garca Moreno en 1861, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 33:82 (jul./dic. 1953), 173-220. An account of travel by mule and river launch between Guayaquil and Manab and to Latacunga. 7247. Caviedes, Csar N. El Nio 1982-83, Geographical Review, 74:3 (July 1984), 267290. 7248. Cicala, Mario. Descripcin histrico-topogrfica de la Provincia de Quito de la Compaa de Quito. Quito: Biblioteca Ecuatoriana Aurelio Espinosa Plit, 1994. 669 p. Not just the first Spanish version of this 1771 account but the first complete edition of Cicalas Descrizione istorico-fsica de la Provincia del Quito to have been published in any language. Translated from the Italian by Julin G. Bravo and Marcos Gndara Enrquez. Cicala, one of

the Jesuit expulsos, spent nearly twenty-three years in the future Ecuador. An exceptionally important historical geographic source as well as a major coeval description. 7249. Los Climas del Ecuador, Pierre Pourrut [et al.]. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1983. 87 p. (Documentos de investigacin, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica; no. 4). Contents: Pierre Pourrot, Los climas del Ecuador: fundamentos explicativos; Jorge Acosta T. and Alain Winckell, Apuntes sobre la cartografa de las inundaciones en la Cuenca del Guayas (invierno de 1982-1983); and Jos Rodrguez Rojas, El fenmeno del Nio y sus efectos en el litoral insular de Galpagos. 7250. A Comparison of Montane and Lowland Rain Forest in Ecuador, P.J. Grubb [et al.], Journal of Ecology, 51:3 (Nov. 1963), 567-601; 54:2 (July 1966), 303-331. 7251. Compendio de informacin socio-econmica de las provincias del Ecuador. Quito: Oficina de los Censos Nacionales, 1975-1977. 16 v. in 20. Primarily a set of place maps. Exceptionally detailed but unfortunately not indexed. 7252. Coral Vega, Pablo. A ndes del Ecuador: paisajes del silencio. Quito: Andes Editores: Villegas Editores, 1992. 130 p. Chiefly col. ill. This and the following two items are coffee table books. Also published in English as: A ndes of Ecuador: Silent Landscapes. 7253. Coral Vega, Pablo. Tierra desnuda = T he Bare Earth: A Pictorial Book on Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin de Promocin Universitaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, 1989. 95 p. Chiefly col. ill. In Spanish and English. 7254. Coral Vega, Pablo; and Cristbal Coral Vega. El Ecuador de la magia al espanto. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, 1993. 154 p. Chiefly col. ill. 7255. Coulter, John. A dventures on the Western Coast of South A merica, and the Interior of California: Including a N arrative of Incidents at the Kingsmill Islands, N ew Ireland, N ew Britain, N ew Guinea, and Other Islands in the Pacific Ocean. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847. 2 v. Reprinted in photofacsimile: Boston: Longwood Press, 1978. 2 v. in 1. 7256. Cremieux, Robert F. Geografa econmica del Ecuador: economa agraria e industrial. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1946. <1> v. Only vol. 1 was published. Notwithstanding the title, a useful, general geography of the country. 7257. Cruz, Marco. Montaas del Ecuador. Quito: Dinediciones, [1992?]. 175 p. Chiefly col. ill. Primarily a coffee table book.

7258. Cruz Astudillo, Roberto. Los recursos hdricos y su impacto en el desarrollo del Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 315-324. 7259. Cultural, Educational, Tourist, Industrial, Commercial, A gricultural, and Livestock Information Handbook of the Republic of Ecuador = Manual de informacin cultural, educativa, turstica, industrial, comercial, agrcola y ganadera de la Repblica del Ecuador. Cuenca: Cientfica Latina Editores, 1980. 3 v. An encyclopedic account. 7260. Cuvi, Pablo. Ecuador paso a paso: gua turstica. Barcelona: Grupo Edit. Norma, 1994. 184 p. 7261. Cuvi, Pablo. En los ojos de mi gente: relatos y fotografas de viajes por el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Dinediciones: Grijalvo, 1988. 205 p. Chiefly ill. A superior picture book. Also published in English as: In the Eyes of My People: Stories and Photos of Journeys through Ecuador. 7262. Church, George Earl. Ecuador in 1881. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1883. 56 p. (47th Congress, 2nd session; Senate doc. 69 [serial 2076]). An account of the country during the Progressive era by a North American ambassador. For President Antonio Flores reaction thereto, see item 7297. 7263. De Noni, Georges; and Germn Trujillo. Degredacin del suelo en el Ecuador: principales causas y algunas reflexiones sobre la conservacin de este recurso, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 383-394. 7264. Derby, Edward Henry Stanley, Earl of. Six Weeks in South A merica. London: Printed for private circulation by T. and W. Boone, 1850. iv, 132 p. The author went ashore at Santa Marta and Cartagena, crossed the Isthmus of Panama, and spent several weeks in Ecuador, mostly in and around Guayaquil and Quito. 7265. Descubriendo Ecuador, Franois Ancellet [et al.]. Quito: Impr. Marcial, 1994. 240 p. Chiefly ill. Also published in English as: Discovering Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands. 7266. Desmarest, David Clarence. A n A dventure at T hree Score-and-Ten. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1937. 133 p. Recollections of areal reconnaissances over the highlands in the 1930s. 7267. Dickey, Herbert Spencer. T he Misadventures of a Tropical Medico, in collaboration with Hawthorne Daniel. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1929. 304 p. Travels in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil. The author was a physician. 7268. Division poltico-administrativa de la Repblica del Ecuador. 1981-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1981-. Annual.

Continues: Divisin poltica territorial de la Repblica del Ecuador and Divisin territorial de la Repblica del Ecuador, the publication histories of which remain to be established. Not published for every year; appeared for 1996 and 1998, but not for 1997, for example. 7269. Domnguez, Marco. La geografa y la planificacin de los recursos hidrulicos de la Cuenca del Ro Guayas, Revista geogrfica (Quito), 21 (abr. 1985), 41-63. 7270. Dyott, George M. On the Trail of the Unknown: In the Wilds of Ecuador and the A mazon. London: Thornton Butterworth, 1926. 288 p. An account of the authors attempts to scale Sangay (unsuccessful) and Tungurahua (successful) and his visit to the Shuar of the Macas region in the mid 1920snowhere does the author stipulate the year of his travels, but it has to have been after the establishment of the Salesian mission in 1924. See also Dyotts account of his first visit to the Shuar: Silent Highways of the Jungle: Being the A dventures of an Explorer in the A ndes and Reaches of the Upper A mazon. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1922. 319 p. 7271. Dyott, George M. The Volcanoes of Ecuador: Guideposts in Crossing South America, N ational Geographic Magazine, 55:1 (Jan. 1929), 49-93. 7272. Ecuador. Boulogne: Delroisse, 1977. 160 p. Primarily a picture book with reproduction of photographs by Bodo Wuth and others and some text in English, French, German, and Spanish by Juan Cueva Jaramillo. 7273. Ecuador, edited by Tony Perrottet; photography by Eduardo Gil [et al.], lst ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company for APA Publications, 1993. 372 p. A photographic portrait of and useful guide, as of the early 1990, to the country in well reproduced, stunning photographs and eminently readable prose. The text is by various authors, some of them exceptionally well versed. The occasional references to historical events and personages, however, are not altogether reliable. Periodically updated in revised editions. 7274. El Ecuador actual. Guayaquil: Impr. El Universo, 1936. 222 p. Probably a picture book. 7275. El Ecuador en Chicago. Guayaquil: Diario de Avisos, 1894. xiv, 432 p. The country circa 1892. Includes numerous reproductions of coeval photographssome of which appear nowhere elseof places, buildings, and persons. Published as a record of Ecuadors participation in the Columbian Exposition of 1892. Preface signed: L.F. Borja, director de El Ecuador en Chicago. 7276. El Ecuador en el centenario de la independencia de Guayaquil, 9 de octubre de 1920: 18201920, J.J. Jurado Avils, editor. New York: De Laisne & Carranza, 1920. 272 p. In Spanish and English. Ecuador circa 1920. Well illustrated. 7277. El Ecuador, gua comercial, agrcola e industrial de la repblica. Guayaquil: Compaa Gua del Ecuador, 1909. 1327 p.

A vade mecum on the geography and economy of the country as of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Exceptionally detailed and profusely illustrated. 7278. Ecuador, gua prctica. Guayaquil: Empresa Periodstica Prensa Ecuatoriana, 1929. 359 p. 7279. Ecuador, gua prctica, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Empresa Periodstica Prensa Ecuatoriana, 1932. lxiv, 361 p. This early twentieth-century Baedeker was compiled, edited, and published by Carlos Manuel Noboa as was also item 7278. It is not known if there were any other editions. 7280. Ecuador: la naturaleza y el hombre = N ature and Man = Le N ature et lhome = Die N atur und der Mensch , coordinacin general, promocin y edicin, Hctor Merino Valencia; autores, Humberto Vacas Gmez [et al.]. Quito: Ediciones Paralelo Cero, [1977]. 2 v. Primarily a picture book of no extraordinary value. The texts and captions (in Spanish, English, French, and German) are superficial. The color plates are poorly done. Some of the black-and-white illustrations, however, are more or less well reproduced, eloquent, and revealing. 7281. Ecuador, Official Standard N ames A pproved by the United States Board on Geographic N ames. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1957. iii, 189 p. 7282. Ecuador, a Synthesis of the World in the A ndes. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, 1992. 109 p. Prepared for distribution at the Exposicin Universal de 1992 (Seville). Includes the catalog of the Ecuadorian exhibit. 7283. Ecuador visto por los extranjeros. Quito: Salvat Editores Ecuatoriana, 1983. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. 7284. El Ecuador visto por los extranjeros: viajeros de los siglos XVIII y XIX , estudio y selecciones de Humberto Toscano. Puebla, Mxico: Cajica, 1960. 580 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana mnima; [11]). An anthology of travel accounts of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Toscanos Introduccin (p. 17-96) is exceptionally useful. 7285. Eichler, Arturo. Ecuador, un pas, un pueblo, una cultura. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi, 1982. 129 p. Also published in English as: Ecuador, a Land, a People, a Culture; and in German as: Ecuador, ein Land, ein Volk, eine Kultur. 7286. Eichler, Arturo. N ieve y selva en Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Bruno Moritz, 1952. 131 p. Mountains and rainforests of Ecuador circa 1950 in prose and in 191 black and white plates. Includes photographic views of damages suffered during as a result of the earthquake of 1949. Also published in English as: Ecuador, Snow Peaks and Jungle. New York: Crowell, 1955. 216 p. 7287. Elementos bsicos para la planificacin de los recursos hdricos en el Ecuador, Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera, Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; Office de la recherche

scientifique et technique outre mer. Quito: Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; Paris: Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre mer, [1979?]. 64, 21 p. Includes 14 maps. 7288. Ellis, Bengt. Landet narmast solen: en resa i Ecuador. Stockholm: Tidens Bokklubb, 1971. 133 p. 7289. LEquateur et les isles Galapagos, Eliance Nancy [et al.]. Paris: Dcouverte du nouveau monde, 1976. 320 p. 7290. La Erosin en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1986. 96 p. (Documentos de investigacin, Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica; no. 6). 7291. Fazio Fernndez, Mariano. Recuerdos del reino de la luz. Guayaquil: Ecuatoriana Grfica, 1989. 39 p. The sympathetic impressions of an Argentine Jesuit stationed in Guayaquil in the 1980s. 7292. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Studies in Ecuadorian Geography. Santa Fe: School of American Research, 1950. vi, 86 p. With the collaboration of Malcolm H. Bissell in The Climates of Ecuador, and an appendix by William C. Steere, The Phytogeography of Ecuador. 7293. Festa, Enrico. N el Darien e nellEcuador: diario di viaggio di un naturalista. Torino: Edit. Torinenese, 1909. xvi, 397 p. Based on wide ranging excursions, especially in rural areas, undertaken between 1895 and 1898. 7294. Festa, Enrico. En el Darien y el Ecuador: diario de viaje de un naturalista. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 430 p. Spanish version of item 7293. 7295. Fitzell, Jill. Cultural Colonialism and Ethnography: European Travelers in Nineteenth-Century Ecuador. 1994. 409 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of British Columbia. A comprehensive analysis of the ethnographic data in European accounts of the 1800s, their relative value, and the cultural as well as ideological biases underlying them. 7297. Fitzell, Jill. Teorizando la diferencia en los Andes del Ecuador: viajeros europeos, la ciencia del exotismo y las imgenes de los indios, Imgenes e imagineros (item 1940), p. 25-73. A prcis of Fitzells doctoral dissertation (item 7296). She finds that European travelers, regardless of their ideological differences, uniformly perceived the Indian not only as the other but as inferior, with the notable exception of the Spaniard Manuel de Almagro (item 7199). 7297. Flores, Antonio. El Ecuador en 1881 [con una introduccin de] Samuel Guerra Bravo, Cultura, 5:13 (mayo/ago. 1982), 285-333.

The Presidents reaction to Churchs not altogether favorable but generally accurate account (item 7262). 7298. T he Forests of Western and Central Ecuador, L.R. Holdridge [et al.]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service, 1947. 134 p. 7299. Franck, Harry A. Vagabonding down the A ndes: Being the N arrative of a Journey, Chiefly A foot, from Panama to Buenos A ires. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1917. xi, 612 p. The author spent four years in South America, including six months in Ecuador, on which see chapters 6-8 (p. 127-208). 7300. Franklin, Albert B. Ecuador, Portrait of a People, lst ed. Garden City: Doubleday Doran, 1943. vii, 326 p. The country and its inhabitants circa 1940. Also published in Spanish as: Ecuador, retrato de un pueblo. Buenos Aires: Claridad, 1945. 348 p. And: Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. 351 p. 7301. Gartelmann, Karl Dieter. Ecuador, 3 ed. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, 1979. 127 p. Chiefly ill. Primarily a picture book. The cursory text is in Spanish, English, and German. 7302. Gentry, Alwyn. Sumario de patrones fitogeogrficos neotropicales y sus implicaciones para la conservacin en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 401-420. 7303. Gmez E., Nelson. A tlas del Ecuador: geografa y economa, 3 ed. Quito: Edit. Ediguas, 1994. 114 p. 7304. Gmez E., Nelson. Gua turstica del Ecuador. Quito: Ediguas, 1994. 112 p., [12] leaves of color maps (11 folded). A useful pocket guide and atlas. Also published in English as: T he Pocket Guide to Ecuador. 7305. Gondard, Pierre. Cambios histricos en el aprovechamiento del medio natural ecuatoriano: papel de la demanda social, Cultura, 8:24 (ene./abr. 1986), 567-577. Explores changes in the utilization of the environment and the concurrent transformation of agricultural areas in Ecuador from prehistoric times through the present. 7306. Gondard, Pierre. Inventario y cartografa del uso actual del suelo en los A ndes ecuatorianos. Quito: PRONAREG : ORSTOM, 1984. v, 92 p. 7307. Gosselman, Carl August. Informes sobre los estados sudamericanos en los aos de 1837 y 1838, edicin, introduccin y notas por Magnus Mrner, traduccin del sueco por Ernesto Dethorney. Stockholm: Biblioteca e Instituto de Estudios Ibero-Americanos de la Escuela de Ciencias Econmicas, 1962. 172 p. See p. 89-111 for authors report on the population and economy of the Repblica del Ecuador. The latter has been reprinted with a Nota introductoria by Julio Oleas Montalvo

in: Revista ecuatoriana de historia econmica, 4:8 (1990), 169-196. And the work as a whole: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 7308. Gran gua de la Repblica del Ecuador: (agricultura, comercio, industrias, profesiones) . Quito: Tip. Fernndez, 1936. 220 p. A commercial directory. 7309. Griffin, Keith B. Systems of Labour Control and Rural Poverty in Ecuador, in his: Land Concentration and Rural Poverty (New York, Holmes & Meier, 1976), p 172-220, 287-291. As of the late 1990s, Griffins conclusions remained lamentably valid: that the agricultural policies of the Ecuadorian government are of technocratic inspiration with little likelihood of improving the economic well-being of the majority of the rural population. 7310. Grijalva, Agustn. Datos bsicos de la realidad nacional, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1994. 224 p. 7311. Grijalba y Lpez Falcn, Alfonso R. de. Por tierras colombianas: impresiones y apuntes de la Repblica del Ecuador, 1924-1929. Guayaquil: Tip. y de la Sociedad Filantrpica del Guayas, [1930?]. xi, 178 p. The impressions of a member of the titled nobility of Spain. 7312. Grubb, Kenneth G. A mazon and A ndes. London: Methuen, 1930. xiii, 296 p. 7313. Gutersohn, Heinrich. Ecuador, Peru, Bolivien. Bern: Kummerly & Frey, 1948. vi, 126 p. 7314. Hall, Minard L. El volcanismo en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1977. 120 p. 7315. Hammen, Thomas van der. Historia de la vegetacin y del clima en la regin norandina, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 203-209. 7316. Hardoy, F. Report on a Visit to the Riverine Belt of Ecuador. Turrialba, Costa Rica: Inter-American Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 1960. 103 p. 7317. Hassaurek, Friedrich. Four Years A mong Spanish-A mericans. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867. x, 401 p. A classic account. Hassaurek was minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary of the United States during Garca Morenos first presidency. Also published in abridgement as: Four Years A mong the Ecuadorians, edited and with an introduction by C. Harvey Gardiner. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967. In German as: Vier Jahre unter den Spanisch-A merikanern. Dresden: W. Baensch, 1887. xv, 386 p. In Spanish as: Cuatro aos entre los ecuatorianos. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 436 p. 7318. Hastenrath, Stefan. T he Glaciation of the Ecuadorian A ndes. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1981. xiv, 159 p. 7319. Hegen, Edmund Edward. Highways into the Upper A mazon Basin: Pioneer Lands in Southern Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1966. 168 p.

Delineates past attempts to penetrate into the Upper Amazon Basin and investigates present processes of migration into the Basin. 7320. Hess, Carmen G. Moving Up-Moving Down: Agropastoral Land Use Patterns in the Ecuadorian Pramos, Mountain Research and Development, 10:4 (Nov. 1990), 333-342. Argues that population pressure has triggered an upward expansion of agropastoralism into the pramos. 7321. Hintermann, Heinrich. Im Reiche des Sonnengotes: Reise durch Ecuador und das stliche Peru. Zrich: Druck und Verlag Mller Werder & Cia., 1927. 319 p. A travel account. 7322. Holinski, Alexandre. LEquateur: scenes de la vie sud-americanine. Paris: Amyot, 1861. 250 p. Ecuador in the 1850s. A classic account. Reprinted by the same publisher in 1876. 7323. Humboldt, Alexander von. Personal N arrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the N ew Continent during the Years 1799-1804, translated from the French by Helen Maria Williams. Philadelphia: M. Carey, 1815. 5 v. Humboldt spent over a year in Ecuador (1801-1802), usually accompanied by the quiteo Carlos Montfar as well as by his compatriot and traveling companion Aim Jacques Alesandre Bonpland (1773-1858). For the complete as well as the original edition thereof see: Voyage aux rgions quinoxiales du N ouveau Continent: fait en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804 par A l. de Humboldt et A . Bonpland. Paris: Librairie grecque-latine-allemande, 1816-1831. 13 v. Also published in Spanish in multiple editions: e.g., Viaje a las regiones equinocciales del nuevo continente hecho en 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803, y 1804, 2a ed. Caracas: Ediciones del Ministerio de Educacin, Direccin de Cultura y Bellas Artes, 1956; 5 v. 7324. Humboldt, Alexander von. Sites des cordilleres et monuments des peuples indigenes de lA mrique. Paris: Grecque-Latine-Allemande, 1816. 531 p. Also published in Spanish as: Sitios de las cordilleras. Madrid: Impr. y Librera de Gaspar, 1878. viii, 439 p. And as: Vistas de las cordilleras y monumentos de los pueblos indgenas de A mrica, prlogo de Charles Minguet y Jean-Paul Duviols; introduccin, traduccin y notas de Jaime Labastida; notas de Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, Mercedes Olivera y Cayetano Reyes. Mxico, D.F.: Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1995. 2 v. See especially plates X, XVI-XX, XXIV, XXV, XXXI, XLII, LI, LXI-LXIII, and corresponding text for various views and descriptions of the Andes of Ecuador and the ruins of Ingapirca and Callo. 7325. Impacto ambiental de la minera en cuatro areas protegidas del Ecuador, director, Carlos Luzuriaga Cisneros; participantes, Arturo Hernndez [et al.]. Quito: Fundacin Natura, 1993. 88 p. 7326. Indice toponmico de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1978-. <8> v. 7327. Jameson, William. Excursion Made from Quito to the River Napo, January to May, 1857, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 28 (1858), 337-349.

7328. Jaramillo de Dvila, Violeta. A tlas geogrfico del Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Instituto Geogrfico Militar, 1983. 80 p. 7329. Juan, Jorge; and Antonio de Ulloa. Dissertacin histrica, y geogrphica sobre el meridiano de demarcacin entre los dominios de Espaa, y Portugal, y los parages por donde passa en la A mrica Meridional: conforme a los tratados, y derechos de cada estado, y las mas seguras, y modernas observaciones. Madrid: Impr. de A. Marn, 1749. vii, 75 p. Also published in a photofacsimile reprint: Madrid: Instituto Histrico de Marina, 1972. 7330. Juan, Jorge; and Antonio de Ulloa. Epoca, gnesis y texto de las N oticias secretas de A mrica, de Jorge Juan y A ntonio de Ulloa. Madrid: Instituto Gonzalo Fernndez de Oviedo, 1985. 2 v. Vol. 1 is a 440 p. study of El viaje a A mrica (1735-1745), de los tenientes de navo Jorge Juan y A ntonio de Ulloa, y sus consecuencias literarias by Luis J. Ramos Gmez, and vol. 2 is an Edicin anotada del texto original de las Noticias secretas de Amrica. The Ramos Gmez edition of the N oticias secretas should be preferred to the David Barry version (Londrs: Impr. de R. Taylor, 1826; xiii, 707 p.)--the most recent edition (a photofacsimile) of which as of July 1997 appeared to have been that of Madrid: Edit. Turner, 1982 [2 v.]--and to the English version, Discourse and Political Reflections on the Kingdoms of Peru ..., edited and with an introduction by John J. TePaske (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1978). Barry is supposed to have rewritten Juan and Ulloa for political reasons, according to some scholars, and TePaske excluded several of the chapters on Ecuador. Ramos Gmez version was also published as: N oticias secretas de A mrica (Madrid: Historia 16, 1991). 7331. Juan, Jorge; and Antonio de Ulloa. Observaciones astronmicas y fsicas hechas de orden de S. Mag. en los reinos del Per ..., introduccin y edicin de Jos P. Merino Navarro y Miguel M. Rodrguez San Vicente. Madrid: Fundacin Universitaria Espaola, 1978. xxviii, 396 p. Photofacsimile edition of the original edition: Madrid: Impreso de orden del Rey Nuestro Seor por Juan de Ziga,1748 [i.e., 1749]). The fifth vol. of the Relacin histrica del viaje a la A mrica Meridional (item 7332). Usually cited separately. Not included in the English translation. 7332. Juan, Jorge; and Antonio de Ulloa . Relacin histrica del viaje a la A mrica Meridional hecho de orden de S.M. para medir algunos grados de meridiano terrestre ..., introduccin y edicin de Jos P. Merino Navarro y Miguel M. Rodrguez San Vicente. Madrid: Fundacin Universitaria Espaola, 1978. 4 v. in 2. Photofacsimile of the original edition: Madrid: Antonio Marn, 1748 [i.e., 1749]). It will be recalled that Juan and Ulloa (not brothers) were the Spanish members of the geodesic or earth measuring expedition of 1735, and that they spent eleven years altogether in the future Ecuador as well as in Peru proper. Published in English as: A Voyage to South A merica (London, 1758), of which there were eight editions and a modern abridgement by Irving A. Leonard (New York, 1964). Also published in Dutch, French, and German, for the bibliographic particulars of which see: Francisco de Solano, A ntonio de Ulloa y la N ueva Espaa, 1 ed. (Mxico: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, 1979), lxxxv-cvii.

See also: Antonio de Ulloas N oticias americanas: entretenimientos phsico-histricos, sobre la A mrica meridional, y la septentrianal oriental: comparacin general de los territorios, climas, y producciones de las tres especies, vegetales, animales, y minerales: con relacin particular de las petrificaciones de cuerpos marinos[,] de los indios naturales de aquellos pases, sus costumbres, y usos: de las antigedades: discurso sobre la lengua, y sobre el modo en que pasaron los primeros pobladores. Madrid: Impr. Real, 1792. [16], 342 p. 7333. Judde, Gabriel. Viaje a la Repblica del Ecuador en 1852 por Henri Comynet, A nuario de estudios americanos, 31 (1974), 597-680. 7334. Kling, Kevin. Ecuador, Island of the A ndes. London: Thames and Hudson, 1988. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. An album of exquisite, well reproduced photographic views of the highlands. Also published in French: Equateur, ile des A ndes. Paris: Editions du Chne, 1987. [170] p. 7335. Knapp, Gregory W. Geografa quichua de la sierra del Ecuador: ncleos, dominios y esfera. Quito: Abya Yala, 1987. 75 p. 7336. Koepcke, Cordula. A ndenlander Sudamerikas: Peru, Bolivien, Ekuador, Kolumbien. Nurnberg: Glock und Lutz, 1966. viii, 310 p. 7337. Kolberg, Joseph. N ach Ecuador. Freiberg: B. Herder, 1876. xxiii, 327 p. Kolberg, a German Jesuit, taught at the Escuela Politcnica in Quito between 1871 and 1876, and traveled extensively throughout the country, his impressions of which are here within recorded. Also published in Spanish as: Hacia el Ecuador (Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1977); and 1 ed. completa en espaol. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador; Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 350 p. The Abya-Yala edition includes 170 grabados de la edicin alemana de 1881. 7338. Krarup-Nielsen, Aage. Blandt hovedjagere i Ecuador. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1934. 190 p. 7339. La Condamine, Charles Marie de. Relation abrge dun voyage fait dans linterieur de lA merique Meridionale ... Paris: Pissot, 1745. xv, 216, 64 p. La Condamine was the leader of the earth measuring expedition of 1735. Includes: La Condamines separately published Lettre Madame *** sur lemeute populaire excite en la ville de Cuenca au Perou, le 29 daot 1739 (item 6695). The definitive or 1773 edition also includes the account of the misadventures of Jean Godin des Odonnais and his wife Isabela de Grandmaison y Bruno, reunited after twenty years and separate voyages down the Amazon: Carta de M. Godin des Odonnais y la aventura trgica de un viaje de la Provincia de Quito a Cayena, por el Ro Amazonas. Also published in Spanish as: Relacin abreviada de un viaje hecho por el interior de la A mrica Meridional ... (Madrid: Calpe, 1921); subsequently retitled: Viaje a la A mrica Meridional (Buenos Aires: Espasa-Calpe, 1942, etc.); and as: Diario del viaje al Ecuador: introduccin histrica a la medicin de los tres primeros grados del meridiano, editor Nelson Gmez E.; traduccin de Eloy Soria Snchez (Quito: Coordinacin General del Coloquio Ecuador, 1986; Quito: Ediguas, 1992).

7340. La Condamine, Charles Marie de. Viaje a la A mrica Meridional por el Ro de las A mazonas; Estudio sobre la quina, edicin y presentacin de Antonio Lafuente y Eduardo Estrella, 2 . ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 223 p. Reprints: Extracto del diario de observaciones hechas en el viaje de la Provincia de Quito al Par por el Ro de las A mazonas y del Par a Cayena, Surinam y A msterdam ... (Amsterdam: Imprenta de Joan Catuffe, 1745; [4], 121 p.), and publishes in facsimile: Descripcin del arbol de la quina hecha en 1737, traducida ... y aumentada ... por Sebastin Josef Lpez Ruiz, the original of which is in the Archivo del Real Jardn Botnico in Madrid. See also item 1375. 7341. Lanks, Herbert C. By Pan A merican Highway through South A merica. New York: Appleton-Century, 1942. xii, 205 p. 7342. Lara, Dario. Viaje de Gabriel Lafond de Lurcy de Guayaquil a Quito (1826), Cultura, 9:26 (set./dic. 1986), 263-283. 7343. Lara, Daro. Viajeros franceses al Ecuador en el siglo XIX . Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1972. 206 p. Nominally vol. 1. The proffered vol. 2, however, was never published. Discourses on known and previously unknown French travelers of the nineteenth century, especially the Viscount Ren-Maurice de Kerret, the painter Ernest Charton, and the sea captain Eugne Souville. Also published in a: 2 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1987. 178 p. Unfortunately the projected vol. 2 never appeared, but see also item 3339. 7344. Larrea, Fernando; and Patricio Mena. La nueva faz del ambiente: manual de ecologa para comunicaciones sociales. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales: Ministerio de Energa y Minas, Subsecretara de Medio Ambiente, 1992. 98 p. 7345. Larrea Donoso, Galo. Patrimonio natural y cultural ecuatoriano. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 456 p. 7346. Lasso, Raphael V. T he Wonderland Ecuador, limited ed. New York: Alpha-Ecuador Publications, 1944. xiv, 296 p. Primarily a delineation of the political and territorial organization of the country and of economic conditions as of the early 1940s. Nowadays a bibliographic curiosity but important at the time of its publication because the literature on Ecuador in English was then meager. 7347. Lee, Joseph. Beautiful Ecuador, N ational Geographic Magazine, 18:2 (Feb. 1907), 8191. 7348. Lhevinne, Isadore. T he Enchanted Jungle. New York: Coward-McCann, 1933. 310 p. A musicians search for primitive melodies from Esmeraldas through Jibaro country. 7349. Lisboa, Miguel Mara. Relao de uma viagem a Venezuela, N ova Granada e Equador. Brusells: A. Lacroix, Verboeckhoven e Cie., 1866. 393 p. Lisboa, a Brazilian diplomat, visited Ecuador in 1853. Also published in Spanish as: 1) Relacin de un viaje a Venezuela, N ueva Granada y Ecuador. Caracas: Ediciones de la Presidencia de la Repblica, 1954. 442 p.; 2) 2 ed. en espaol (nueva traduccin). Bogot: Fondo Cultural

Cafetero, 1984. 335 p.; and 3) Relacin de un viaje al Ecuador en 1853. Cuenca: Instituto Azuayo de Folklore, 1990. (Descripciones del Ecuador de antao; v. 1) 7350. Living in Ecuador, Ecuadorian-American Chamber of Commerce. Quito: Editora Luz de Amrica, 1989. 278 p. Although long since out-of-date as a guide to residency for foreigners, nonetheless, a useful source of information on living conditions in the country, especially in the primary cities, during the second half of the 1980s. 7351. Lizrraga, Reginaldo de. Descripcin breve de toda la tierra del Per, Tucumn, Ro de la Plata y Chile . Madrid: Ediciones Atlas, 1968. p. 1-211. (Biblioteca de autores espaoles desde la formacin del lenguaje hasta nuestros das [continuacin]; t. 216). Lizrraga (1545-1615) spent some time in and around Quito as an adolescent and as an adult. A member of the Dominican order, he traveled extensively throughout the Perus. For Lizrragas impressions of Quito, the Province of Quijos, Riobamba, Tomebamba (the future Cuenca), and Loja, see especially p. 51-55. Published together with Toribio de Ortigueras Jornada del Ro Maran (item 6514). 7352. Loch. Erskine E. Fever, Famine and Gold: T he Dramatic Story of the A dventures and Discoveries of the A ndes-A mazon Expedition in the Unchartered Vastness of a Lost World in the Llanganatis Mountains. New York: G.P. Putnams Sons, 1938. xiv, 257 p. The memoirs of a treasure hunter--in this case of a retired English army officer--who led an expedition into the Llanganati area (1935-1937) in search of fabled lost treasure of the Incas. 7353. Lpez, Felicsimo. A tlas geogrfico del Ecuador: arreglado segn la carta del Dr. Teodoro Wolf. New York: American Bank Note Company, 1907. [43] p. Chiefly maps. The first atlas of Ecuador. 7354. Lpez Cordovez, Luis A. Estudio preliminar de las zonas agrcolas del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1961. 149 p. 7355. Lourie, Peter. Sweat of the Sun, Tears of the Moon: A Chronicle of an Incan Treasure. New York: Atheneum Pubs., 1991. 307 p. Not a work about Ecuador per se but a tale replete with the usual myths and half truths about the deluded few, including the author, who continue to search for Indian gold in the Llanganati Mountains. 7356. Llerena, Jos Alfredo. Ecuador, perfil de su progreso: notas de geografa econmica. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1960. 130 p. 7357. Llorente Vzquez, Manuel. Cuadros americanos: Venezuela, Brasil, California, Guatemala, Montevideo y Ecuador. Madrid: F. Fe, 1891. xxiii, 432 p. 7358. MacFarlane, Thomas. To T he A ndes, Being a Sketch of a Trip to South A merica: With Observations on the Way on the Family, the Church and the State. Toronto: Belford Brothers, 1877. xiii, 174 p.

A Protestant ministers biased impressions of and moralizing on Ecuador as of 1876. Should not be read as a perception of the Land of the Equateur, but as an example of how Ecuador has sometimes been misperceived and misdescribed to the outer world by foreign travellers. Also published in Spanish as: Hacia los A ndes: notas de viaje a A mrica del Sur (1876) . Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 183 p. 7359. Mackay, Janet. Interlude in Ecuador. London: Duckworth, 1934. 214 p. A womans impressions of Ecuador in the early 1930s. 7360. Magnin, Juan. Breve descripcin de la Provincia de Quito, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 35:85 (ene./jun. 1955), 89-115. A 1740 account by a Jesuit missionary. Also available in a monographic version: Quito: Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Investigaciones Histricas y Geogrficas, 1989 (67 p.); and as: Breve descripcin de la Provincia de Quito y de sus misiones de Sucumbios y Maynas, Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 375-412. 7361. Mann, Alexander. Yachting on the Pacific: Together with N otes on Travel in Peru, and an A ccount of the Peoples and Products of Ecuador. London: Duckworth & Co., 1909. xi, 286 p. 7362. Mannequin, Theodore. Rpublique de lEquateur: notice historique, gographique, conomique et politique. Paris: Impr. de Madame veuve Bouchard-Huzard, 1867. 64 p. Prepared for the Paris Exposition Universelle of 1867. 7363. Maravilloso Ecuador: una visin indita de su espritu, sus tierras, sus hombres, su pasado y su presente, prlogo de Germn Arciniegas; [autores] Alfonso Barrera Valverde [et al.]; coordinacin de Edgar Bustamante. Quito: Crculo de Lectores, 1978. 220 p. 7364. T he March 5, 1987, Ecuador Earthquakes: Mass Wasting and Socioeconomic Effects, study team, Robert L. Schuster [et al.]. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1991. xii, 163 p. 7365. Martnez, Nicols G. A scensiones a los A ndes, 1 ed. Ambato: Librera e Impr. Escolar de Ricardo Costales, 1920. 197 p. 7366. Martnez, Nicols G. Estudios meteorolgicos y climatricos. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1932. 58 p. 7367. Martnez, Nicols G.; Luis A. Martnez; and Augusto N. Martnez. Pioneros y precursores del andinismo ecuatoriano. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 3 v. Vol. 1 by Nicols G. Martnez; vol. 2 by Luis A. Martnez; vol. 3 by Augusto N. Martnez. Vol. 2 subtitled: A ndinismo arte y literatura. Vol. 3 subtitled: Contribuciones para el conocimiento geolgico de la regin volcnica del Ecuador. 7368. McIntyre, Lorin. Ecuador, Low and Lofty Land Astride the Equator, N ational Geographic, 133:2 (Feb. 1968), 259-298. 7369. McNamara, Mary Patrice. Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. Chicago: Mentzer, Bush & Company, 1946. 160 p.

7370. Mellet, Jullien. Voyage dans lA mrique Mridionale ... Paris: Impr. Prosper Noubel, 1823. 291 p. The impressions of a French commercial agent in the early nineteenth century. Includes a substantial section on Ecuador. Also published in Spanish as: Viajes por el interior de la A mrica meridional, 1808-1820. Santiago de Chile: Edit. del Pacfico, 1959. 289 p. 7371. Mendoza, Luis Anbal. Geo-economa del Ecuador, nueva ed., aum. y corr. Guayaquil: Nueva Luz, 1982. 346 p. 7372. Mera, Juan Len. Catecismo de geografa de la Repblica del Ecuador, 2 ed., corr. y aum. notablemente, y hecha con autorizacin del ... Supremo Gobierno. Guayaquil: Impr. de La Nacin, 1884. 131 p. Adopted as a grade school text by the national government in 1884, now a significant source as to the state of the country in the early 1880s. 7373. Meyer, Hans. In den Hoch-A nden von Ecuador: Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, etc.: Reisen und Studien. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1907. 551 p. + 1 atlas. The atlas of 43 exceptionally high quality cromolithographic plates, mostly in color, consists almost entirely of spectacular views of mountain peaks and other alpine scenes of Ecuador. The atlas also appeared in French: Les hautes A ndes de lEquateur: Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, etc.: atlas et texte (Paris: A. Challamel, 1908). But only the text seems to have been published in Spanish as: En los altos A ndes del Ecuador: viajes y estudios. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1940. And in a 2 ed. en espaol or modern reprint: Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993. 747 p. 7374. Michaux, Henri. Ecuador, journal de voyage. Paris: Gallimard, 1929. 196 p. Ecuador in 1928. Also: Nouv. ed., rev. et corr. Paris: Gallimard, 1968. 188 p. Eventually published in English as: Ecuador, A Travel Journal, translated by Robin Magowan. London: Peter Owen, 1970; Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970. 132 p. 7375. Miller, Eilif V. Ecuadorean Soils and Some of Their Fertility Properties. 1948. 316 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University. 7376. Miller, Tom. T he Panama Hat Trail: A Journey from South A merica, 1st ed. New York: Morrow, 1986. 271 p. Some things remain as they were. The manufacture and sale of straw hats--although no longer as widespread in the Provinces of Manab and Azuay as before--is a case in point as Miller delightfully recounts. 7377. Momsen, Richard P., Jr. Precipitation Patters of West-Central Ecuador, Revista geografica, 69 (dic. 1968), 91-105. 7378. Monnier, Marcel. Des A ndes au Par: Equateur, Prou, A mazone. Paris: Librairie Plon, 1890. 439 p. A travelogue of the authors 1886-1887 sojourn up the Andes from Guayaquil, across the highlands, and down the Amazon to Par. Together with Johann Jakob von Tschudi

(1818-1889), Monnier also explored the Canelos region. The sections on Ecuador have been published in Spanish as: Un relato indito sobre el Ecuador, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 54:118 (jul./dic. 1971), 337-349; 55:119 (ene./jun. 1972), 129-134; 55:120 (jul./dic. 1972), 272-276; and Un relato indito sobre Guayaquil, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 53:116 (jul./dic. 1970), 172-192; 54:117 (ene./jun. 1971), 152-163. 7379. Montfar y Frasco, Juan Po. Razn que sobre el estado y gobernacin poltica y militar de las provincias, ciudades, villas y lugares que contiene la jurisdiccin de la Real Audiencia de Quito da ... (1754), Tres tratados de A mrica: siglo XVIII (Madrid: Libr. de Victoriano Surez, 1894), p. 113-185. A mid-eighteenth-century relacin geogrfica by the then President of the Audiencia, the I Marqus de Selva Alegre. 7380. Moore, W. Robert. From Sea to Clouds in Ecuador, N ational Geographic, 80:6 (Dec. 1941), 717-740. 7381. Morales y Eloy, Juan. Ecuador, atlas histrico-geogrfico. Quito: Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, 1942. 1 v. 7382. Morales y Morales, Joaqun. Gua comercial del Ecuador. Ao 1 (1908)-ao 2 (1909). Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1909-1910. 2 v. 7383. Moreyra Avellafuertes, Francisco de Paula. Viaje de Guayaquil a Quito en marzo de 1851, Mercurio peruano, ao 27, 38:305 (ago. 1952), 367-389. 7384. Muller, Richard. Geographical N otes on Ecuador. London: H.J. Ryman, [1929]. 23 p. (Scientific Information for Travelers in Ecuador; 1). 7385. Murphy, Robert Cushman. Equatorial Vignettes: Impressions of the Coasts of Peru and Ecuador, 1925, N atural History, 25:5 (Sept./Oct. 1925), 431-449. Consists of observations of birds and fishermen. 7386. Murphy, Robert Cushman. The Littoral of Pacific Colombia and Ecuador, Geographical Review, 29:1 (Jan. 1939), 1-33. 7387. Murphy, Robert Cushman. Oceanic and Climatic Phenomena Along the West Coast of South America during 1925, Geographical Review, 16:1 (Jan. 1926), 26-54. 7388. Naranjo, Plutarco. Indice de la flora del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1981-<1983>. <2> v. This set appears to have been truncated; only vols. 1-2 are known to have been published. 7389. Navarro Andrade, Ulpiano. Geografa econmica del Ecuador: geografa aplicada para colegios de bachillerato y colegios tcnicos. Quito: Edit. Santo Domingo, 1965-1966. 2 v. A solid survey of the geography of the country, notwithstanding the title. 7390. Nesheim, Margaret. From the Hinterland of Ecuador to the Shores of Galapagos, 1st ed. Smithtown, N.Y .: Exposition Press, 1981. xii, 154 p. 7391. Niles, Blair. Casual Wanderings in Ecuador. London: John Long, 1923. x, 249 p.

A lively account of Ecuador in the early 1920s, from a womans point of view. Also published in Spanish as: Correras casuales en el Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 225 p. 7392. Noticias puntuales de las posesiones y distancias de la ciudad de Quito, y de las costas, ros, pueblos y caminos de las provincias de Esmeraldas: segn las observaciones de los acadmicos de Pars, y de don Pedro Maldonado, Museo Histrico, 3:10/11 (ago./dic. 1951), 2136. 7393. Ochoa, Emilio; Washington Macas; and Jorge G. Marcos. Ecuador, perfil de sus recursos costeros. Quito: Fundacin Pedro Vicente Maldonado, 1987. 258 p. 7394. Onffroy de Thoron, Enrique. A mrique quatoriale: son histoire pittoresque et politique, sa gographie et ses richesses naturalles, son tat present et son avenir. Paris: Ve Jules Renouard , 1866. 468 p. A detailed account of mid-nineteenth-century Ecuador by a French engineer who spent nine years in the country (1852-1861). Also published in Spanish as: A mrica ecuatorial: su historia pintoresca y poltica, su geografa y sus riquezas naturales, su estado presente y porvenir, traduccin [e] introduccin, Filoteo Samaniego. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1983. 2 v. 7395. Orellana, J. Gonzalo. Gua comercial geogrfica. Quito: Tip. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1922. 1 v. Comprende las Provincias de Pichincha, Len, Tungurahua, Chimborazo y Guayas. Only vol. published. 7396. Orton, James. T he A ndes and the A mazon, or, A cross the Continent of South A merica, 3rd ed., rev. and enl. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1875. 645 p. The results of two Smithsonian expeditions to Ecuador, Brazil, and Peru, written up for the general public. On Ortons and his companionss impressions of Ecuador in the late 1860s, see chaps. 1-15. 7397. Osculati, Gaetano. Esplorazione delle regioni equatoriali, lungo il N apo ed it fiume delle A mazzoni: frammento di un viaggio fatto nelle due A meriche negli anni 1846-47-48. Torino: Il Segnalibro, 1990. 50, 344 p. Photofacsimile reprint con un saggio introduttivo di Alberto Guaraldo of the 2. ed. cor. ed accresciuta. Originally published: Milano: Fratelli Centenari e Comp., 1854. Osculati was the first Italian scientist to explore South America. Here within he recounts his journey from Guayaquil, Ecuador to Belm, Brazil and his discoveries along the way. 7398. Paisajes del Ecuador: Coleccin Martnez del Fondo A udiovisual del A rchivo Histrico del Banco Central del Ecuador, seleccin de fotografas y textos, Cosme Vsquez G. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 138 p. (Coleccin imgenes; no. 5). Visual images of Ecuador in the early 1900s, reproduced from original photographic plates made by the Martnez brothers (Augusto N., Luis A, the author of A la costa, and Nicols G.) during their scientific outings.

7399. Parsons, James J. The Northern Andean Environment, Mountain Research and Development, 2:3 (Aug. 1982), 253-262. An introduction to the geography of the highlands of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. 7400. Patzelt, Erwin. Fauna del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1989. 433 p. 7401. Patzelt, Erwin. Fauna, flora, indgenas en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Cromos, 1972. 58, [19] p. A picture book. Text in Spanish, German, and English. 7402. Patzelt, Erwin. Flora del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 192 p. 7403. Paz Ayora, Vicente. A lmanaque del comercio ecuatoriano. Guayaquil, 1900. 176 p. 7404. Prez T., Aquiles R. Geografa del Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. Gutenberg, 1940. 356 p. 7405. Prez y Gonzlez, Felipe. Impresiones de un viaje por el Ecuador: (por un viajero ciego) . Quito: Impr. de El Progreso, 1919. 180 p. An account of an early-twentieth-century journey from Tulcn to Quito from a different perspective. The author was visually impaired. 7406. Petrocokino, Ambrose. A long the A ndes: N otes of a Trip through Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador. London: Gay and Bird, 1903. viii, 147 p. 7407. Platt, Raye Roberts. Ecuador. Garden City, N.Y .: Doubleday, 1956. 64 p. 7408. Popeoe, Wilson. Hunting New Fruits in Ecuador, N atural History, 24:4 (July 1924), 429-441. 7409. Pourrot, Pierre. Algunas consideraciones acerca de los fenmenos climticos extremos observados en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24a (ene./abr. 1986), 257-272. 7410. Pritchett, George James. Explorations in Ecuador in the Years 1856 and 1857, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 30 (1860), 65-75. A report on the authors two year sojourn in the country. Includes a sketch map of his explorations. See also Pritchetts Report ... of His Mission to the Republic of Ecuador. London: Richard Clay, 1858. 36 p. 7411. Quevedo Coronel, Rafael. El Ecuador, pas de turismo y de convalescencia, El Ecuador en cien aos de independencia (item 1926), vol. 1, p. 219-234. 7412. Rachowiecki, Rob. Ecuador & the Galpagos Islands : A Travel Survival Kit, 4th ed. Hawthorn: Lonely Planet, 1997. 509 p. As of July, 1997, the most comprehensive and utilitarian travel guide to Ecuador in English. The first edition appeared in 1986, the second in 1989, and the third in 1992. There are the usual historical errors, however, such as the depiction of the Barrio de las Peas in Guayaquil as colonial when in fact the oldest buildings date from the late nineteenth century, the entire

neighborhood having been lost in the great fire of 1896, or the misidentification of several neocolonial style buildings (constructed in the 1930s) in Cuenca as colonial period in origin. 7413. Rivera Villavicencio, Oswaldo. Ecuador, provincias y capitales: historia, geografa, divisin poltica, recursos y comercio, turismo, folclor, valores humanos. Quito: Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, 1995. 416 p. 7414 . Rodrguez Saltos, Roberto. La regin interandina ecuatoriana. Riobamba: Edit. Freire, [1996]. 203 p. A travel guide for Ecuadorian nationals and other Spanish readers. 7415. Romero, Emilio. Por el norte: Ecuador. Lima: J. Meja Baca & P.L. Villanueva, 1954. 163 p. A Peruvian scholars not altogether favorable impressions. Garnered while he was embassador to Ecuador. 7416. Russell, William Richard. T he Bolivar Countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela. New York: Coward-McCann, 1949. xii, 308 p. A travel guide from the late 1940s. 7417. Salazar, Francisco Javier. Rasgos descriptivos de varias poblaciones y sitios de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. Merino, 1871. 26 p. 7418. Samaniego Salazar, Filoteno. Ecuador, un mundo verde junto al sol. Boulogne, France: Editions Delroisse, 1985. 2 v. Also published in English as: Ecuador, a Fertile Land Blessed by the Sun (Boulogne, France: Editions Delroisse, 1985; 2 v.); and in French as: Equateur, terre fertile sous le soleil (Boulogne, France: Editions Delroisse, 1985; 2 v.). 7419. Sampedro V., Francisco. A tlas geogrfico del Ecuador SA M: con las bsicas nociones histricas de la nacionalidad. Quito: Grficas Claridad, 1979. 1 atlas (87 p.). Available in several editions. 7420. Sampedro V., Francisco. A tlas histrico geogrfico del Ecuador. Mxico: Edicin SAM, 1960. 78 p. 7421. Sarmiento, Alberto. Refutacin al libro del embajador peruano Emilio Romero, intitulado Por el norte, Ecuador. [Quito?: s.n.], 1957. 161 p. Refutes item 7415. 7422. Sassen, Georgette. Ponchos, zhanzas y bananos. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1960. 227 p. 7423. Sauer, Walther. Geologa del Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1965. 383 p. 7424. Seedorff Pedersen, Hans Hartvig Otto. To tredje, Eldorado! Copenhaven: Jespersen og Pios, 1929. 225 p.

A Danes impression of Ecuador in the 1920s. 7425. Serrano de Wilson, Emilia, Baronesa de Wilson. Una pgina en A mrica: apuntes de Guayaquil a Quito. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1890. 34 p. 7426. Sheppard, George. Geologa de la regin interandina de la Repblica del Ecuador, A nales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 60:304 (abr./jun. 1938), 493-510. 7427. Sheppard, George. T he Geology of South-Western Ecuador. London: T. Murby, 1937. xiv, 275 p. Also published in Spanish as: La Repblica del Ecuador: un estudio de geografa, geologa y clima. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 234 p. 7428. Sheppard, George. Notes on the Climate and Physiography of Southwestern Ecuador, Geographical Review, 20:3 (July 1930), 445-453. 7429. Sheppard, George. The Occidente of Ecuador: A Journey from Quito to the Pacific, Geographical Journal, 86:3 (Nov. 1935), 411-421. 7430. Sheppard, George. The Rainy Season of 1932 in Southwestern Ecuador, Geographical Review, 23:2 (Apr. 1933), 210-216. 7431. T he Shrimp Farmers Guide to Ecuador. San Diego: Bob Rosenberry, 1987. 32 p. (Aquaculture Digest; Jan. 1987) 7432. Sick, Wolf-Dieter. Wirtschaftsgeographie von Ecuador. Stuttgart: Selbstverlag des Geographischen Instituts der T.H. Stuttgart, 1963. ix, 275 p. An economic geography of the country. 7433. Sievers, Wilhelm. Geografa de Ecuador, Colombia y Venezuela, traduccin del alemn por Carlos de Salas. Barcelona: Edit. Labor, 1931. 207 p. 7434. Sievers, Wilhelm. Reise in Peru und Ecuador ausgefhrt 1909. Mnchen: Dunker & Humblot, 1914. xii, 411 p. 7435. Simson, Alfred. N otes of Recent Journeys in the Interior of South A merica: (from Guayaquil to N apo) . London, 1877. 25 p. See also item 6562. 7436. Sinclair, Joseph H. Some Reminiscences of Travel in Ecuador, Proceedings of the A merican A ntiquarian Society, n.s., 41:2 (1931), 344-354. 7437. Small, John. Stratigraphy of Southwest Ecuador and Ancon Oil Field Studies. 1962. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Colorado. 185 leaves. 7438. Southgate, Douglas DeWitt; and Morris D. Whitaker. Economic Progress and the Environment: One Developing Countrys Policy Crisis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. ix, 150 p. An analysis and interpretation of the negative impact of excess population growth, economic development, and inadequate government policies on the environments of the Amazon Basin,

the Coast, and the Galpagos. Also reviews the degradation of farmlands and the misallocation of water resources throughout the country. As a historian, however, I would have preferred a more detailed and less prescriptive approach. 7439. Southgate, Douglas DeWitt; and Morris D. Whitaker. Promoting Resource Degradation in Latin America: Tropical Deforestation, Soil Erosion, and Coastal Ecosystem Disturbance in Ecuador, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40:4 (July 1992), 787-807. A preview of item 7438. Examines negative impact of over development on the environment, especially in the Oriente and on the coast. 7440. Southgate, Douglas DeWitt; and Robert Macke. The Downstream Benefits of Soil Conservation in Third World Hydroelectric Watersheds, Land Economics, 65:1 (Feb. 1989), 3848. Estimates the major downstream benefits of erosion control in the Paute hydroelectric watershed, then the countrys principal source of hydroelectric power. 7441. Southgate, Douglas DeWitt; Rodrigo Sierra; and Lawrence A. Brown. The Causes of Tropical Deforestation in Ecuador: A Statistical Analysis, World Development, 19:9 (Sept. 1991), p. 1145-1151. 7442. Spruce, Richard. N otes of a Botanist on the A mazon and the A ndes. London: Macmillan, 1908. 2 v. Detailed narrative of Spruces and Alfred Russel Wallaces botanical explorations between 1849 and 1864. Also published in an abridged version in Spanish: N otas de un botnico sobre el A mazonas y los A ndes. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1942. 422 p. And in a complete version as: N otas de un botnico sobre el A mazonas y los A ndes: apuntes de los viajes por el A mazonas y sus tributarios, el Trombetas, Ro N egro, Usups, Casiquiari, Pacimoni, Huallaga y Pastaza: tambin por las cataratas del Orinoco, a lo largo de la cordillera de los A ndes ecuatorianos y peruanos y por las costas del Pacfico durante los aos 1849-1864, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1996. xlviii, 749 p. See also Spruces On the Mountains of Llanganati, in the Eastern Cordillera of the Quitonian Andes, Illustrated in a Map Constructed by the Late Atanasio Guzman, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 31 (1861), 163-184. 7443. Stabler, Jordan H. Travels in Ecuador, T he Geographical Journal, 50:4 (Oct. 1917), 241-254. 7444. Stadel, Christoph. Environmental Stress and Sustainable Rural Development in the Tropical Andes, Mountain Research and Development, 11:3 (Aug. 1991), 213-223. 7445. Stevenson, William Bennet. A Historical and Descriptive N arrative of Twenty Years Residence in South A merica. London: Hurst, Robinson and Co., 1825-1827. 3 v. Stevenson was private secretary to President Ruiz de Castilla and an eyewitness to the events of 1809. Also published in French as: Relation historique et description dun sejour de vingt ans dans lA merique du Sud. Paris: A.J. Kilian, 1826. 3 v.; and as: Voyage en A raucanie, au Chili, au Perou et dans la Colombie ... Paris: Leroie, 1832. 3 v. And in Spanish as: N arracin histrica y

descriptiva de 20 aos de residencia en Sudamrica, primera edicin completa en espaol. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 723 p. 7446. Stbel, Alphons. Die Vulkanberge von Ecuador: Geologisch-Topographisch A ufgenommen und Beschrieben. Berlin: A. Asher, 1897. xxi, 556 p. Reports on the extensive exploration of volcanoes undertaken by Stbel (1835-1904), a geologist, together with his countryman Wilhelm Reiss (1838-1908), a naturalist, between 1871 and 1874, and the Ecuadorian artist Rafael Troya (1845-1920). The engravings of topographic scenes are based on paintings undertaken in situ by Troya. See also: Reiss and Stbels Skizzen aus Ecuador (Berlin: A. Asher, 1886; xiii, 96 p.) that recounts some of their fields trips within the country; and Reisen in Sd-A merika: das Hochgebirge der Republik Ecuador, edited by Reiss and Stbel (Berlin: A. Asher, 1892-1902; 2 vols.) which includes is given over to the geology and related aspects of the mountains of Ecuador, especially of Cotopaxi, with contributions by Max Belowsky, Richard Herz, Ernst Elich, Adolf Klautzsch, Ernst Esch, and Alfred Prentice Young. 7447. Surez, Luis; and Mario Garca. Extincin de animales en el Ecuador: descripcin de 60 especies amenazadas. Quito: Fundacin Natura, 1986. 153 p. 7448. Sumwalt, Martha Murray. Ecuador in Pictures. New York: Sterling Pub. Co., 1969. 64 p. Chiefly ill. 7449. Sztolcman, Jan. Viajes por el Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 225 p. A Spanish version of a heretofore unknown or at least forgotten early- twentieth-century travel account by a Polish author. 7450. Tern, Francisco. Breve visin geogrfica del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 72 p. 7451. Tern, Francisco. Geografa del Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Libreria Cima, [1979]. 425 p. A standard high school geography, updated and reissued many times. Apparently published for the first time in 1948: Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales. 265 p. 7452. Ternaux-Compans, Henri. Informe de Henri Ternaux Compans sobre la Gran Colombia en 1829: notas de viaje por Panam, Quito y Provincia de Popayn, [traducido del francs con una introduccin] por Sergio Elas Ortiz, Boletn de Historia y A ntigedades, 56:651/653 (ene./mar. 1969), 59-73. 7453. Thournout, Frank van. Depsitos minerales en el Ecuador relacionados con terrenos geolgicos y eventos tectnico-magmticos, Cultura, 8:24a (ene/abr. 1986), 291-308. 7454. T he T hreatened Forests of South-West Ecuador: T he Final Report of the Ecuadorian Dry Forest Project, 1991, edited by Brinley Best. Cheshire, U.K.: Biosphere Publications, 1992. xvi, 240 p. 7455. Urrutia, Virginia. Two W heels & a Taxi: A Slightly Daft A dventure in the A ndes. Seattle: Mountaineers, 1987. vii, 246 p.

The adventures of a bicyclist in Ecuador in the 1980s. 7456. Uzctegui Andrade, Byron. Los Llanganates y la tumba de A tahualpa. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, Seccin Nacional del Ecuador, 1992. 171 p. An Ecuadorian contribution to the legend of the Llanganates. Maintains that Rumiahui rescued Atahualpas body and interred it in a huaca, dating from pre-Incan time, somewhere in the Llanganates. 7457. Valenzuela, Javier. Recuerdos e impresiones de un viaje por los pases occidentales de SudA mrica. Guatemala: Tip. Snchez y de Guise, 1895. 143 p. A late-nineteenth-century account of memoirs and impressions of Ecuador, Peru, and Chile by a Central American. 7458. Veatch, Arthur Clifford. Quito to Bogot. New York: George H. Doran , 1917. xx, 338 p. 7459. Vigne, G.T. Travels in Mexico, South A merica, etc.: Travels from Guayaquil to Riobamba, Quito, Popayn and Direct to Bogot. London: W.H. Allen, 1863. 2 v. Also published in photofacsimile reprint: New York: AMS Press, 1973. 7460. Villarroel Gutirrez, Fernando. El Ecuador que Ud. no ha visto, 1 ed. Quito: F. Villarroel Gutirrez, 1985-<1987>. <4> v. 7461. Villavicencio, Manuel. A pndice de la Jeografa del Ecuador y defensa de los terrenos baldos. Valparaiso: Impr. y Librera del Mercurio de S. Tornero y Ca., 1860. 73 p. Primarily concerned with the question of territorial limits, especially in the Oriente. Includes a map. Reprinted in: Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 38:91 (ene./jun. 1955), 9-48. 7462. Villavicencio, Manuel. Geografa de la Repblica del Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. xxvii, ix, 505 p. Photofacsimile reprint with a new introduction of the first geography of Ecuador. Originally published: New York: Impr. de R. Craighead, 1858. Includes contemporary maps of Guayaquil and Quito. N.B. Does not reprint the separately published A pndice (item 7461). A revealing portrait of the country as of the mid-nineteenth-century. See also the separately printed, exceptionally rare 74 x 100 cm., colored Carta corogrfica de la Repblica del Ecuador : dilineada en vista de las cartas de don Pedro Maldonado, el Baron de Humboldt, Mr.Wisse, la de las sondas de las costas por M.M. Fitzroy i H. Kellet i las particulares del autor (New York, 1858). 7463. Vivens y Roig, Toni. Ecuador. Barcelona: Laertes, 1990. 327 p. A travel guide for Spanish speakers. 7464. Vizcano V., Julio A. Directorio general de la Repblica. Quito: Tall. de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, 1928. viii, 413 p. Intended to have been an annual register, but only one vol. is known to have been published.

7465. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. Ecuador, the Unknown: Two and a Half Years Travels in the Republic of Ecuador and Galpagos Islands. New York: Oxford University Press, 1940. 296. A popular account by a naturalist who did not hesitate to set himself up as an authority on everything regarding Ecuador. His prose and his facts in this and his other works on Ecuador leave something to be desired, however. 7466. Weaks, Dan. Portraits of Ecuador, Radical History Review, 27 (1983), 99-109. Published ten photographs of Indians and mestizos of the highlands, sans text or meaningful captions. 7467. Wry, Paul. N otes sur la Rpublique de lEquateur et sur la ville de Guayaquil, capitale du commerce. Paris: Impr. de M. Picard, 1900. 67 p. There are copies of this little known work in the Bibliothque Nationale (Paris) and in the British Library (London). It is not known to be held by any library in the United States or in Ecuador, however. The section on Guayaquil was reprinted as: La ville de Guayaquil, capitale du commerce de la Rpublique de lEquateur (A mrique du Sud) . Paris: Impr. de Chaix, 1906. 32 p. 7468. Whymper, Edward. Supplementary A ppendix to Travels amongst the Great A ndes of the Equator. London: John Murray, 1891. xxii, 147 p. With contributions by H.P. Bates et al. No known reprint or translation. 7469. Whymper, Edward. Travels amongst the Great A ndes of the Equator. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1891; London: John Murray, 1892. xxiv, 456 p. Whymper was the first European to climb Mt. Chimborazo (1880). It has been attempted before, to no avail, by several others, including Humboldt in 1802 and Boussingault in 1831. Whymper also contributed significantly to scientific knowledge of this and several others of the high peaks of the country. See also the reprint: new ed. with introduction and photographs by Loren McIntyre. Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books, 1987. Also published in Spanish: Entre los altos A ndes del Ecuador: relaciones de viaje, versin espaola de C.O. Bustamante. Quito: Impr. y Encuad. Nacionales, 1921. And as: Viajes a travs de los majestuosos A ndes del Ecuador, 2 ed. en espaol. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 448 p. 7470. Wolf, Theodor. Geografa y geologa del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1975. 798 p. A reprint with additional materials. Originally published: Leipzig: Tip. de F.A. Brockhaus, 1892. xii, 671 p. The 1975 edition includes 61 pages of added notes, updating Wolf. The original edition was also published in English as: Geography and Geology of Ecuador. Toronto: Grand and Troy, 1933. 684 p. An important source of demographic, economic, and social data for the late nineteenth-century, given Wolfs interest in human geography, as well as the most detailed geography of the country until the Geografa bsica del Ecuador (item 581) began to appear. There is also a 3 ed (Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992) but I do not know if it is a reprint of the original edition or of the updated edition of 1975. 7471. Wolf, Theodor. Viajes cientficos por la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. del Comercio, 1879. 3 v. in 1.

Contents: Relacin de un viaje geognstico por la Provincia de Loja (57 p.); Relacin de un viaje geognstico por la Provincia del A zuay (78 p.); Memoria sobre la geografa y geologa de la Provincia de Esmeraldas( 87 p.). 7472. Wright, R. A Brief Sketch of the Lands and Mines of the Republic of Ecuador. London, 1838. 23 p. 7473. Zahn, John Augustine. A long the A ndes and down the A mazon. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1912. xx, 542 p. Published under the pseudonym: H.J. Mozans.

ECON OMIC CON DITION S

De tal manera ni el sistema poltico ni las FFAA en este perodo [1964-1975] son capaces de viabilizar y organizar las transformaciones institucionales, sociales y econmicas que se estn procesando a nivel de la sociedad civil y el Estado. -- Jos Snchez-Parga.

The preceding quotation epitomizes so much of what is wrong with some of the social scientific literature on Ecuador. Although the state is an institution and therefore an entity, it does not exist independently of the individuals and groups who constitute the government. Inasmuch as the Armed Forces together with their civilian advisers and supporters were the government between 1972 and 1979, it is absurd to state that they were incapable of vitalizing and organizing institutional, social, and economic transformations being processed at the level of civilian society and the state. Some significant transformations were brought about by the military governments of Rodrguez Lara and the Consejo Supremo de Gobierno, not that I believe any state to be as pervasive and powerful as its spin doctors would have us believe. By now the reader is probably fully cognizant of my biases. I believe that scholars should do their homework, that they should write up the results of their investigations in intelligible language, and that they should define their terms. I also believe that hypotheses, models, paradigms, and theories should be based on the realities of the place, period, and persons (including groups and institutions) being studied. In other words, that facts should not be made to fit preconceived, not so much incorrect per se as not necessarily appropriate, frameworks. Fortunately much of the social scientific literature of the late twentieth century is valid and vibrant: As an economist with extensive field experience, especially among the rural poor, I already knew . . . that economics as traditionally professed is too mechanistic to be of any use in the evaluation and interpretation of the problems that affect peasant communities living largely at subsistence levels. Economics has evolved into a selective discipline, leaving many elements and processes with a direct influence on change and development outside its range of

preoccupations. History and some ideologies also suffer from and are limited by similar rigidities. -- Manfred A. Max-Neef.

7474. Abril Ojeda, Galo. El desarrollo y la importancia de la industria de la construccin en el Ecuador 1969-1983: con recomendaciones de poltica econmica apropiadas a la crisis actual. Quito: Cmara de Construccin, 1984. vi, 72 p. 7475. Abril Ojeda, Galo. Poltica monetaria y desarrollo industrial en el Ecuador, 1970-1983. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Estocolmo: Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos, 1985. 118 p. 7476. Abril Ojeda, Galo; and Rafael Urriola. Incentivos de fomento industrial en el Ecuador, 1972-86. Quito: CEPLAES: CIID, 1990. vii, 143 p. An analysis of effects of the Ley de fomento industrial on industrial performance during the years indicated. Includes results of a survey of 106 industrialists on the role of state incentives in their decision-making processes. 7477. A ctores de una dcada ganada: tribus, comunidades y campesinos en la modernidad, Anthony Bebbington [et al.]. Quito: COMUNIDEC, 1992. 235 p. Consists of case studies of successful development projects undertaken during the disastrous decade of the 1980s by indigenous and other rural communities. 7478. A griculture and Economic Survival: T he Role of A griculture in Ecuadors Development, edited by Morris D. Whitaker and Dale Colyer. Boulder: Westview Press, 1990. xix, 369 p. A set of essays, based on field research, that taken together constitute a solid, comprehensive analysis of agricultural policies of the state and problems of the agricultural sector. 7479. El A gua con fines de riego: evaluacin del uso actual y de los requerimientos potenciales, sugerencias para un suministro complementario, callejn interandino, Provincias de Carchi e Imbabura. Quito: Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera, Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; Paris: Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre mar, 1982. 76 leaves. 7480. Alarcn Costta, Csar. Sector informal: problema o solucin? Quito: FED, [1989?]. 155 p. 7481. Albuja Punina, Jos Ignacio. Estructura agraria y estructura social: enfoque sociolgico de algunos aspectos de la realidad rural en relacin con la estructura agraria del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Ecuatoriana, 1964. 150 p. 7482. A nlisis de cadenas agroindustriales en Ecuador y Per, 1 ed. Santiago de Chile: Naciones Unidas, Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe, 1993. 294 p. 7483. A nlisis del presupuesto general del Estado de 1986. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 198. ii, 2, 26, 8 p. 7484. An Analysis of Technical, Allocative, and Scale Inefficiency: The Case of Ecuadorian Dairy Farms, DeeVon Bailey [et al.], Western Journal of A gricultural Economics, 14:1 (July 1989), 30-44.

7485. Anderson, Joan B. Economic Policy A lternatives for the Latin A merican Crisis. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1990. x, 109 p. An essay in econometrics, using post-World War II Ecuador as an example. See also Andersons Ecuador, T he Political Economy of Latin A merica in the Postwar Period, edited by Laura Randall (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997), p. 232-274, a much more intelligible and useful work than item 7485, at least from the point of view of a historian. Unfortunately, both works are marred by a less than adequate grasp of the past as opposed to the recent present of the country. 7486. Andrade Noboa, Jorge. En la lucha por el crudo. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1981. 232 p. 7487. A o 2000: el desarrollo industrial ecuatoriano a fines del presente siglo: polticas y mecanismo de accin, 3 ed. Quito: CENDES, 1988. 4 v. Contents: t.1, Sntesis del estudio; t. 2, Diagnstico de la industria ecuatoriana, 1977-1986; Estadsticas e indices sobre la economa, industria y sector externo ecuatoriano; t. 3, La Imagen de un Ecuador 2000; La Economa ecuatoriana en el futuro e identificacin de sus probables escenarios; t. 4, Una Poltica tecnolgica industrial; Una Poltica para promover la exportacin de manufacturas ecuatorianas; Polticas para la industrializacin: marco legal e institucional. 7488. Arboleda, Mara. La agroindustria en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1985. 71 p. 7489. Archetti, Eduardo P.; and Kristi Anne Stlen Burguesa rural y campesinado en la sierra ecuatoriana, Cahiers du monde hispanique et luso-brsilien (Caravelle) , 34 (1980), 57-82. Includes a case study of the Canton of Meja in the Province of Pichincha. 7490. Arzaga, Alfredo; and Santiago Bayas. El sistema financiero ecuatoriano en los ochenta, A horro y asignacin de recursos financieros: experiencias latinoamericanas: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Per, Uruguay, Venezuela, edicin de Gnther Held y Raquel Szalachaman, 1 ed. (Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano, 1990), p. 291-317. 7491. Arosemena, Guillermo. La revitalizacin de la economa ecuatoriana: los hechos, las causas, los males y las soluciones. Guayaquil: G. Arosemena, 1993. 275 p. Examines obstacles to development since World War II and suggests alternative solutions for raising the standard of living for a larger percentage of the population. 7492. T he A rtisan Community in Ecuadors Modernizing Economy, Frank L. Turner [et al.]. Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute, 1963. xii, 285 p. Prepared for the Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, Government of Ecuador. 7493. Aspiazu Carbo, Miguel. Organizacin agrcola en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de la Universidad, 1935. 53 p. 7494. Bez, Ren. Dialctica de la economa ecuatoriana, 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1982. 151 p.

7495 Bez, Ren. Ecuador, crisis y viabilidad, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. A. Crespo Encalada, 1984. 106 p. 7496. Bez, Ren. Ecuador, petroleo, capitalismo y dependencia. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, [1979?]. 67 p. 7497. Baldivia, Jos. A juste estructural en los A ndes: impactos sociales y desarrollo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala [para el] Centro Canadiense de Estudios y de Cooperacin InternacionalAndes, 1993. 178 p. 7498. El Banano en el Ecuador: transnacionales, modernizacin y subdesarrollo, Carlos Larrea M. (editor), Malva Espinosa y Paola Sylva Charvet. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1987. 285 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 16) Includes a chapter on the history of banana production and trade in Ecuador: Auge y crisis de la produccin bananera: 1948-1976 (p. 37-63) by Carlos Larrea Maldonado. 7499. Banco Central del Ecuador. Problemas econmicos ecuatorianos: opinin del Banco Central. Quito: El Banco, 1982. 33 p. 7500. Banco Central del Ecuador. Programa de estabilizacin econmico y social. Quito: El Banco, 1982. 43 p. 7501. Banda, Francisco. Posibilidades agro-econmicas del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Nacional, 1937. 416 p. 7502. Barfod, Anders S.; B. Bergmann; and H.B. Pedersen. The Vegetable Ivory Industry: Surviving and Doing Well in Ecuador, Economic Botany, 44:3 (July/Sept. 1990), 293-300. 7503. Barsky, Osvaldo. A cumulacin campesina en el Ecuador: los productores de papa del Carchi. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Quito, 1984. 136 p. 7504. Barsky, Osvaldo. La reforma agraria ecuatoriana. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1984. 406 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 3). There is also a: 2 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 7505. Barsky, Osvaldo; and Gustavo Cosse. Tecnologa y cambio social: las haciendas lecheras del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, 1981. 199 p. 7506. Baydas, Mayada M.; Richard L. Meyer; and Nelson Aguilera-Alfred. Credit Rationing in Small-Scale Enterprises: Special Microenterprise Programmes in Ecuador, T he Journal of Development Studies, 31:2 (Dec. 1994), 279-309. Examines factors used to ration--some would maintain to restrict-- credit to small entrepreneurs. Employs a supply and demand model. 7507. Beaglehole, E. Technical Assistance Mission in the Andes, International Labour Review, 67: 3 (June 1953), 520-534. 7508. Bebbington, Anthony. Farmer Organizations in Ecuador: Contributions to Farmer First Research and Development. London: International Institute for Environment and Development, 1991. 15 p.

7509. Bebbington, Anthony. Modernization from Below: An Alternative Indigenous Development?, Economic Geography, 69:3 (July 1993), 274-292. Examines independent agricultural development concepts and projects originating within Indian federations and nongovernment organizations in the highlands. 7510. Bebbington, Anthony. Organizations and Intensifications: Campesino Federations, Rural Livelihoods and Agricultural Technology in the Andes and Amazonia, World Development, 24: (July 1996), 1161-1177. A study of peasant and indigenous federations engaged in development of agriculture and technology, and management of natural resources in Bolivia and Ecuador. 7511. Bebbington, Anthony. Searching for an Indigenous A gricultural Development: Indian Organizations and N GOs in the Central A ndes of Ecuador. Cambridge: Centre of Latin American Studies, University of Cambridge, 1992. 38 p. 7512. Bebbington, Anthony. Sustainable Livelihood Development in the Andes: Local Institutions and Regional Resource Use in Ecuador, Development Policy Review, 11:1 (Mar. 1993), 5-30. 7513. Belisle, Jean-Franois. La industria farmacutica ecuatoriana: las multinacionales-el negocio de la salud, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIME, 1988. 173 p. 7514. Belisle, Jean-Franois; and Santiago Ortiz. La deuda externa. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1987. 144 p. 7515. Benalczar Pabon, Carlos. La abolicin del trabajo precario en la agricultura: el I.E.R.A .C. por dentro. Quito: Edit. Olmedo, [1971?]. 53 p. 7516. Benalczar Pabon, Carlos. Regresemos a la tierra, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, , 1988. 224 p. 7517. Benalczar Ruales, Ren. Hacia la definicin del problema agricola en el Ecuador, Cuestiones econmicas (ene. 1990), 29-45. 7518. Benalczar Ruales, Ren. Toward a Program for Agricultural Development in Ecuador. 1959. x, 221 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of Wisconsin. 7519. Black, Jan Knippers. Ten Paradoxes of Rural Development: An Ecuadorian Case Study, Journal of Developing A reas, 19:4 (July 1985), 527-555. Anyone who has any lingering doubts that politicians, bureaucrats, and technocrats-regardless of nationality--know what they are doing or how to do it, should read this article. 7520. Blankstein, Charles S.; and Clarence Zuvekas, Jr. Agrarian Reform in Ecuador: an Evaluation of Past Efforts and the Development of a New Approach, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 22:1 (Oct. 1973), 73-94. Analyzes land reform programs undertaken by the Junta Militar de Gobierno in the mid 1960s and those attempted by the fifth and final Velasco Ibarrra presidency (1968-1972). Especially concerned with developments in the Guayas River Basin. Includes a dicussion of the Programa para Promocin de Empresas Agrcolas, begun in 1972. See also item 6067.

7521. Bolaos Manzo, Bolvar. Los mecanismos de la economa nacional, 1979-1989. [Quito?: s.n., 1989]. 30 p. 7522. Bottomley, Anthony. Agricultural Employment Policy in Developing Countries: The Case of Ecuador, Inter-A merican Economic A ffairs, 19:4 (Spring 1966), 53-79. 7523. Bottomley, Anthony. Imperfect Competition in the Industrialization of Ecuador, Inter-A merican Economic A ffairs, 19:1 (Summer 1965), 83-94. 7524. Bottomley, Anthony. Planning in an Underutilization Economy: The Case of Ecuador, T he Political Economy of Development: T heoretical and Empirical Contributions, edited by Norman T. Uphoff and Warren F. Ilchman (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972), p. 213-219. 7525. Brea, Jorge A. Effects of Structural Characteristics and Personal Attributes on Labor Mobility in Ecuador. 1986. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University. viii, 133 leaves. 7526. Breur, Toni. Agribusiness als Entwicklungsstimulans?: das Beispiel der Milchwirtschaft in den ecuadorianischen Anden, Zeitschrift fr Wirtschaftsgeographie, 36:4 (1992), 193-209. Examines contributions of the dairy industry to the economy of the highlands 1970-1987. 7527. Bromley, R.J. El comercio de productos entre la costa y la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: CESA, 1975. 61 p. 7528. Bromley, R.J. Contemporary Market Periodicity in Highland Ecuador, Regional A nalysis, edited by Carol A. Smith, vol. 1 (New York: Academic Press, 1976), p. 91-122. 7529. Bromley, R.J. Interregional Marketing and Alternative Reform Strategies in Ecuador, European Journal of Marketing, 8:3 (Winter 1974), 245-264. 7530. Bromley, R.J. Inter-regional Marketing Chains in Ecuador, Geographical A nalysis for Development in Latin A merica and the Caribbean: Selected Papers and Discussions at the 4th General Session of the Conference of Latin A mericanist Geographers, held in Calgary, Alberta, June 27-30, 1973, edited by Richard P. Momsen, Jr. (Chapel Hill: CLAG Publications, 1975), p. 115-117. 7531. Bromley, R.J. Market Center and Market Place in Highland Ecuador: A Study of Organization, Regulation, and Ethnic Discrimination, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 233-259. A socioeconomic study of markets in the highlands. 7532. Bromley, R.J. Traditional and Modern Change in the Growth of Systems of Market Centres in Highland Ecuador, Market-Place Trade: Periodic Markets, Hawkers, and Traders in A frica, A sia, and Latin A merica, Robert H.T. Smith, editor (Vancouver: Centre for Transportation Studies, University of British Columbia, 1978), p. 31-47. 7533. Bromley, R.J.; and Rosemary D.F. Bromley. Defining Central Place Systems Through the Analysis of Bus Services: The Case of Ecuador, Geographical Journal, 145:3 (Nov. 1979), 416-436.

7534. Buechler, Hans C. Modelos didcticos en el anlisis del campesinado boliviano y ecuatoriano, Estudios andinos, 1:2 (1970), 5-18. 7535. Buenahora, P. Cuestin nacional y deuda externa. Quito: A & E Editores, 1985. iii, 62 p. An essay on economic conditions and the external debts of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the first half of the 1980s. 7536. Buitrn. Anbal. La tecnificacin de la industria textil manual de los indios del Ecuador, Estudios antropolgicos en homenaje al Dr. Manuel Gamio, (Mxico, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mxico, Direccin General de Publicaciones, 1956), p. 287-295. 7537. Burbano, Soledad. Ecuador, temores y esperanzas ante una competencia abierta, El Fin de las barreras: los empresarios y el Pacto A ndino en la dcada de los 90, coordinacin de Germnico Salgado y Rafael Urriola (Caracas: Fundacin Friedrich Ebert: Edit. Nueva Sociedad, 1991), p. 49-66. Reports interviews with 36 industrialists regarding their experiences with the Andean Common Market and their perceptions of results of trade liberalization between the Pact countries. 7538. Byerlee, Derek. Bread and Butter Issues in Ecuadorian Food Policy: A Comparative Advantage Approach, World Development, 17:10 (Oct. 1989), 1585-1596. 7539. Cabrera, Yolanda; Judith Martnez; and Rolando Morales. Medicin de la pobreza en las reas urbana y rural del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Empleo; UNICEF, 1993. 205 p. Presents the results of the 1990 study of urban and rural poverty and distribution of income undertaken by UNICEF and the Instituto Nacional de Empleo. Based on surveys of sample households. 7540. Cceres, Luis Ren. Ecuador y la integracin andina: experiencias y perspectivas, Integracin latinoamericana, 18:195 (nov. 1993), 31-46. An analysis of the pros and cons of participation in the Andean Pact. Finds that there have been some benefits. 7541. Calvache U., Gladys. El gasto social del presupuesto del Estado, 1988-1991, Cuestiones econmicas, 19 (mayo 1992), 59-67. Documents the decline in social spending by the state through the national budget during the first three years of the Borja Cevallos administration. 7542. Campaa, Isaas. La produccin agrcola en la dcada del 70, Economa (Quito), 78 (ene. 1982), 104-119. 7543 . Campesinos y mercado de tierras en la costa ecuatoriana. Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1994. viii, 149 p. 7544. El Capitalismo ecuatoriano contemporneo: su funcionamiento, Emilio Plit [et al.], 2 ed. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1979. 190 p.

Prepared by the Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas of the Universidad de Guayaquil. 7545. Carrera de la Torre, Luis. Las obras hidrulicas y la supervivencia del Ecuador. Quito: INERHI, 1972. 287 p. 7546. Cevallos, Salvador. Realidad nacional: esquemas del aspecto econmico-social. Quito: Grficas Latinoamericana, 1985. 143 p. 7547. Comercio exterior, industrializacin y poltica de poblacin en el Plan nacional de desarrollo. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, 1981. 83 p. 7548. Commander, Simon; and Peter Peel. Oil Exports, Agrarian Change, and the Rural Labor Process: the Ecuadorian Sierra in the 1970s, World Development, 14:1 (Jan. 1986), 79-96. 7549. Comparacin de las metas y cifras econmicas y financieras globales del Plan nacional de desarrollo 1985-89 con los resultados obtenidos. Quito: Secretara General de Planificacin: CONADE, 1988. 65 p. 7550. Comunidad andina: alternativas polticas de desarrollo. Quito: C.A.A.P., 1981. 174 p. Contents: Andrs Guerrero, Introduccin; Galo Ramn and Marcelo Lpez, La agricultura en los Andes ecuatorianos; Galo Ramn, Los procesos de diferenciacin campesina; Galo Ramn, La comunidad indgena ecuatoriana; Galo Ramn, Espacio comunal andino y organizacin del poder; Leonard Field, Pisos ecolgicos y organizacin productiva en los Andes de poca humedad; Andrs Guerrero, Formas alternativas de desarrollo rural; Francisco Rhon D., Jaime Borja T., and Galo Ramn, Alternativas endgenas de produccin agropecuaria. 7551. Cordero, Carlos; and Catalina Rivera. El tipo de cambio y la balanza comercial, Revista del IDIS, 17 (abr. 1987), 57-81. 7552. Cordero, Miguel. Crisis de la inversin, Revista del IDIS, 17 (abr. 1987), 117-134. 7553. Crdoba, Polibio. Estudios y datos de la realidad ecuatoriana, 1979-1984, 2 ed. rev. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Datos, 1985. 80 p. 7554. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. La tierra contra el Ecuador, Panoramas, 5 (sept./oct. 1963), 93-141. An essay on the state of minifundios and latifundios in the early 1960s. 7555. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo; and Piedad Peaherrera de Costales. Evaluacin de los recursos naturales y humanos de las parroquias Santa Teresa de Ingapirca y Colimes del Guayas. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa e Geografa, 1965. 105 p. (Llacta; no. 21) 7556. El Costo de la vida en el Ecuador 1977. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1978. 115 p. 7557. El Costo de la vida en el Ecuador 1980. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. 99 p.

7558. El Costo de la vida y el comportamiento de la economa ecuatoriana (algunos comentarios): diciembre de 1975 a diciembre de 1976. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1977. 94 p. Items 7556-7558 probably constitute part of an annual series, if not serial, but whether series or serial, its history remains to be established. 7559. Coyuntura ecuatoriana, 1987-1988, edicin de Alfredo Mancero Samn. Quito: CORDES, 1988. 64 p. 7560. Coyuntura ecuatoriana: anlisis y perspectivas de la economa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Fundacin para la Educacin Superior y el Desarrollo, 1978. 120 p. 7561. La Crisis de la economa ecuatoriana: cuatro opiniones, Lucas Pacheco P. [et al.]. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 45 p. 7562. La Crisis de la economa ecuatoriana: elementos para su interpretacin, [Pablo Estrella and others]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 232 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 12) A set of essays on the economic crisis of the 1980s, presented at the V Encuentro de Historia y Realidad Econmica y Social del Ecuador held in Cuenca,17-21 Nov. 1986. Critical of policies of the Febres Cordero government. 7563. Crespo, Teodoro. El problema de la tierra en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1961. 261 p. 7564. Cueva, Juan Martn; Eliana Pozo; and Pablo Samaniego. A nlisis de la situacin de la pequea industria a 1987: ensayo comparativo desde 1975. Quito: Unidad de Investigaciones Industriales INSOTEC, 1987. 88 p. 7565. Cueva Silva, Jaime. Comercializacin del banano ecuatoriano. Quito: AECA, 1964. 234 p. 7566. Current Economic Position and Prospects of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1973. [473] p. in various paginations. A detailed analysis of the state of the economy as of the early 1970s. 7567. Cuvi, Mara. Polticas de fomento artesanal en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1985. 58 p. 7568. Cuvi, Mara; and Rafael Urriola. Oleaginosas, cereales y agroindustria en la costa ecuatoriana, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), 95-107. 7569. Chiriboga, Manuel. Crisis econmica y movimiento campesino e indgena en Ecuador, Revista andina, 4:6 (jul. 1986), 7-30. 7570. Chiriboga, Manuel. La reforma agraria ecuatoriana y los cambios en la distribucin de la propiedad rural agrcola 1974-1985, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), p. 39-57.

7571. Chiriboga, Manuel; and Renato Piccino. La produccin campesina cacaotera: problemas y perspectivas. Cuenca: Centro de Capacitacin Campesina del Azuay; Quito: Centro de Arte y Accin Popular, 1982. 120 p. 7572 . Da Ros, Giuseppina. La contaminacin de aguas en Ecuador: una aproximacin econmica. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1995. 251 p. Examines the economic and environmental effects of water pollution. Includes specific studies of Quito and Cuenca. 7573. Da Ros, Giuseppina. Orgenes del cooperativsimo agrcola en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:23 (sept./dic. 1985), 259-279. 7574 . De Janvry, Alain; and Pablo Glikman. Encadenamientos de produccin en la economa campesina en el Ecuador. San Jos, Costa Rica: Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrcola, en colaboracin con el Instituto Interamericano de Cooperacin para la Agricultura, 1991. xxxiii, 529 p. (Estrategias para mitigar la pobreza rural en Amrica Latina y el Caribe; 1) 7575. De Janvry, Alain; Elisabeth Sadoulet; and Andr Fargeix. A djustment and Equity in Ecuador. Paris: Development Centre of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, 1991. 174 p. More of an exercise in econometrics than a study of economic conditions in the 1980s and the early 1990s. Applies a general equilibrium model to Ecuador to examine alternative approaches to economic stabilization. See also item 2708. 7576. De la Torre, Augusto. Macroeconomic Aspects of a Petroleum Boom: Ecuador 19721980. 1987. 257 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Notre Dame. 7577. Desafos empresariales para los 90, O. Hurtado [et al.]. Quito: Konrad-AdenauerStiftung: INSOTEC, 1990. v, 115 p. 7578. El Desarrollo del sector financiero y la economa del Ecuador 1965-1985. Quito: Compaa Financiera Ecuatoriana de Desarrollo, 1985. 315 p. 7579. El Desarrollo econmico del Ecuador, Comisin Econmica para la Amrica Latina. Mxico, D.F.: Naciones Unidas, 1954. xiii, 217 p. 7580. El Desarrollo empresarial en el Ecuador en las dos ltimas dcadas. Quito: Superintendencia de Compaas, 1988. 118 p. 7581. Desarrollo y cambio socio-econmico en el Ecuador, Nick D. Mills, Jr. [et al.]. Quito: Centro Andino de Estudios y Investigaciones, 1979. 232 p. 7582. Desarrollo y educacin en el Ecuador: 1960-1978, Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Quito: La Junta, 1979. xi, 158 p. 7583. Deuda externa del Ecuador: enfoques, coordinacin de Bayardo Tobar; Galo Abril [et al.]. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas: Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politcnicas, 1988. 190 p. 7584. Diagnstico de la agro-industria. Quito: Centro de Desarrollo Industrial del Ecuador, 1982. 2 v. (426 p.).

7585. Directorio industrial y comercial del Ecuador, 1992-1993. Quito: OMC Publicaciones, 1993. 1106 p. 7586. Directorio y tabulado de datos econmicos de industria, pequea industria, artesana y servicios tursticos de las Provincias de El Oro, Loja y Zamora-Chinchipe. Quito: Programa Regional para Desarrollo del Sur del Ecuador, 1976. 2 v. (287 p.) 7587. Domestic Efforts and the N eeds for External Financing for the Development of Ecuador: Document, prepared by the Secretariat, Inter-American Economic and Social Council, InterAmerican Committee on the Alliance for Progress. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, 1968. 2 v. 7588. Dubly, Alain; and Alicia Granda. Desalojos y despojos: los conflictos agrarios en el Ecuador, 1983-1990. Quito: CEDHU: Edit. El Conejo, 1991. 226 p. A report on land takeovers, especially invasions of estates by peasants and those involving violence and destruction, during the 1980s. Includes examples from all three major regions of the country (i.e., the coast, the highlands, and the Oriente). 7589. Durn Pitarque, Fidel. A pertura de la economa y promocin de la pequea industria en el Ecuador. Quito: CEDEPI, 1991. 28 p. 7590. Dutn, Jorge. La apropiacin del excedente por los sectores improductivos y la actual crisis, Revista del IDIS, 17 (abr. 1987), 83-116. 7591. Eckersley, Loc; Ral Pinto; and Phillip Rourk. Ecuador industrial development finance. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Agency for International Development, 1985. 1 v. in various paginations. 7592. La Economa ecuatoriana al momento y sus proyecciones: conferencias y comentarios del seminario efectuado del 1 al 5 de agosto de 1988, Colegio de Economistas de Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1989. 315 p. 7593. La Economa ecuatoriana durante los gobiernos Rolds-Hurtado y Hurtado-Rolds, 19791982, Wolfgang Schmidt [et al.]. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1982. 173 p. 7594. Ecuador agrario: ensayos de interpretacin, Javier Ponce [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo: ILDIS, 1984. 237 p. 7595. Ecuador, an A genda for Recovery and Sustained Growth. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1984. xl, 183 p. 7596. Ecuador, anlisis de coyuntura. (Primer semestre, 1990)-. Quito: Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales (CEPLAES): Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales (ILDIS): Fundacin Friedrich Ebert, 1990-. An annual, beginning with the 1991 issue. 7597. Ecuador, cambios en el agro serrano, Osvaldo Barsky [et al.]. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales; Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales, 1980. 531 p.

Contents: Miguel Murmis, El agro serrano y la via prusiana de desarrollo capitalista; Patricia de la Torre, El terrateniente y el proceso de modernizacin de la hacienda; Mercedes Prieto, Haciendas estatales: un caso de ofensiva campesina, 1926-1948; Osvaldo Barsky, Los terratenientes serranos y el debate poltico previo al dictado de la Ley de reforma agraria de 1964 en el Ecuador; Alex Barril Garca, Desarrollo tecnolgico, produccin agropecuaria y relaciones de produccin en la sierra ecuatoriana; Lucia Salamea, La transformacin de la hacienda y los cambios en la condicin campesina; Alvaro Senz, Expulsin de fuerza de trabajo agrcola y migracin diferencial; Carlos Furche, Lgica de funcionamiento interno y racionalidad econmica en empresas campesinas asociativas; Gustavo Cosse, Reflexiones acerca del Estado, el proceso poltico y la poltica agraria en el caso ecuatoriano; Csar Verduga, Un caso particular de intervencin estatal en el desarrollo del capitalismo en el agro; Simn Pachano, Capitalizacin de campesinos; Juan M. Carrin, La dinmica de poblacin en la sierra ecuatoriana. 7598. Ecuador, capitalismo y crisis: temas de discusin, Paciente Vzquez [et al.]. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1984. 186 p. 7599. Ecuador, Crisis and Recovery, Bank of London & South A merica Review, 5:55 (July 1971), 391-399. Reports the financial state of the country in the second half of 1970. 7600. Ecuador, desafos y logros de la poltica econmica en la fase de expansin petrolera. Santiago: Naciones Unidas, 1979. iii, 158 p. Prepared by the Economic Commission for Latin America. 7601. Ecuador, Development Problems and Prospects. Washington, D.C.: Latin America and Caribbean Regional Office, World Bank, 1979. xvii, 643 p. 7602. Ecuador, Economic Development Issues. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1981. ix, 134 p. 7603. Ecuador, el mito del desarrollo, por Alberto Acosta [et al.], coordinacin, Sohel Riffka. Quito: Edit. El Conejo; ILDIS, 1982. 237 p. 7604. Ecuador, el reto de la economa mundial, Alberto Acosta [et al.]. Quito: ILDIS: El Duende: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 374 p. 7605. El Ecuador en la encrucijada: crisis, empleo y desarrollo. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 307 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 11) Coedited and copublished with the Federacin Nacional de Economistas del Ecuador. 7606. El Ecuador en la nueva coyuntura; El Estado y las inquietudes privadas; Imagen del Ecuador en el exterior. Quito: Comit de Informacin y Contacto Externo, [1978?]. 190 p. 7607. El Ecuador en la OPEP, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones BanCentral, 1981. 190 p. 7608. Ecuador, estrategia de desarrollo. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1979. 3 v.

7609. Ecuador hoy, documentos 1991: visin del BID-CON A DE-IN CA E-CORDES-FCE, compilacin y seleccin de textos, Leonardo Vicua I. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1991. 1 v. in various pagings. 7610. Ecuador hoy, documentos 1992: visin del BID, CEPA L, ILDIS, CEPLA ES, BCE, CON A DE, FCE, compilacin y textos, Leonardo Vicua I. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1993. 110 p. 7611. Ecuador, petrleo y crisis econmica, [Alberto] Acosta [et al.]. Quito: ILDIS, 1986. 237 p. 7612. Ecuador, poltica econmica: teora y realidad. Guayaquil: Frente Democrtico de Economistas, 1986. 3 v. Contents: 1, Germnico Salgado [et al.], Sector externo, Fondo Monetario Internacional, integracin y dependencia; 2, Carlos Len G. and Jorge Fernndez L., Inflacin, precios, salarios y teora monetaria; 3, L. Vicua I., L. Roldos A., and J. Moncada S., Coyuntara econmca, decretosleyes de urgencia y plan de desarrollo. 7613. Ecuador, problemas y perspectivas de desarrollo. Washington, D.C.: Amrica Latina y el Caribe Oficina Regional, Banco Mundial, 1979. 2 v. 7614. Ecuador, Public Sector Reforms for the Era of Declining Oil Output. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1991. 234 p. A major source of information on the public sector. 7615. Ecuador, tenencia de la tierra y desarrollo socio-econmico del sector agrcola. Washington, D.C.: Unin Panamericana [para el Comit Interamericano de Desarrollo Agrcola], 1965. xxv, 539 p. A basic, data rich document. Authorship is sometimes attributed to R. Baraona. Reprinted as: Tenencia de la tierra y desarrollo socio-econmico del sector agrcola: Ecuador. [Guayaquil] : Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1981. xxv, 539 p. (Biblioteca ecuatoriana ; 27) 7616. Ecuador y Per: economa y desarrollo, Germnico Salgado [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1995. 132 p. Compares and anlyzes the development of the economies of the two countries from the 1950s through the 1980s, focusing on the effects of structural adjustment programs. 7617. Ekvador, tendentsii ekonomicheskogo i sotsialno-politicheskogo razvitiia, otvetstvennyi redaktor V.V. Volskii. Moskva: Nauka, 1989. 185, [4] p. 7618. Emanuel Morn, Carlos Julio. A lgunos aspectos de la situacin econmica actual. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. 27 p. 7619. Empleo rural y migracin. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones de la Realidad Ecuatoriana, 1989. 153 p.

7620. En busca de una alternativa para A mrica Latina. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios sobre la Realidad Nacional; Cuenca: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Cuenca, 1990. 242 p. Publishes papers presented at a seminar, held in Aug. 1990, on alternatives for Ecuadors economic development in light of regional and global trends. 7621. Espinel, Ramn Leonardo. The Modernization of Ecuadorean Agriculture. 1991. xii, 275 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley. 7622. El Estado y la economa: polticas econmicas y clases sociales en el Ecuador y A mrica Latina, introduccin y compilacin de Lucas Pacheco, artculos de Cristian Seplveda [et al.]. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1983. 443 p. 7623. Estimacin del subempleo del area urbana del Ecuador y de las ciudades de QuitoGuayaquil, 1975. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1979. v., 47, iii, [50] p. 7624. Estimacin del subempleo en el area urbana del Ecuador, Centro de Anlisis Demogrfico. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1974. ii, ii [sic], 49 p. 7625. Estructuras agrarias y reproduccin campesina: lecturas sobre transformacines capitalistas en el agro ecuatoriano, seleccin de textos y comentario de Cristian Seplveda. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1982. 294 p. 7626. Estudio sectorial de bienes de capital. Quito: Comisin Ecuatoriana de Bienes de Capital, 1985. 146 p. 7627. Estudio sobre produccin y comercializacin del arroz. Quito: Banco Nacional de Fomento, 1964. 67 p. 7628. Estudios de la realidad campesina: cooperacin y cambio: informes y materiales de campo recogidos en Venezuela, Ecuador y Colombia, por R. Pugh [et al.]. Ginebra: Instituto de Investigaciones de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Social, UNRISD, 1970. xix, 421 p. 7629. Evolucin de la economa 1982-1983 y perspectivas 1984. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 73 p. 7630. Fabara, Jorge. La produccin frutcula en unidades campesinas del Ecuador, Desarrollo agrcola y participacin campesina (Santiago de Chile: Comisin Econmica para Amrica Latina y el Caribe, 1988), p. 257-262. 7631. Farrell, Gilda; and Sara da Ross. El acceso a la tierra del campesino ecuatoriano. Quito: Mundo Andino; Fundacin Ecuatoriana Populorum Progressio, 1983. 132 p. 7632. Farrell, Gilda; Jorge Fernndez L.; and Cristin Seplveda T. El proceso de industrializacin ecuatoriano. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1983. 290 p. 7633. Fauroux, Emmanuel. Las transformaciones de los sistemas de produccin en el mundo rural ecuatoriano de 1960 a 1980, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), p. 109-134.

7634. Fawcett, Caroline. FON A PA R: an institutional assessment. Syracuse, N.Y .: Metropolitan Studies Program, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1986. xii leaves, 60 p. 7635. Fernndez Gutirrez, Fernando. Ecuador, la pequea industria y su entorno. Quito: INSOTEC, 1990. 80, xlv p. Cover title: Condiciones del entorno de la pequea industria en el Ecuador. 7636. Fernndez y Fernndez, Ramn. Reforma agraria y crdito agrcola en Ecuador. Chapingo [Mxico]: Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Colegio de Postgraduados, 1965. 72 p. 7637. Field, Leonard; and Manuel Chiriboga. A gricultura andina: propuesta de investigacin. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1984. 161 p. 7638. Fierro Carrin, Luis. Los grupos financieros en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Educacin Popular, 1991. 665 p. 7639. Fischer, Sabine. La capacitacin tcnica informal en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1984. 100 p. 7640. Fletcher, Merma Irene. Balsa Industry of Ecuador, Economic Geography, 25:1 (Jan. 1949), 47-54. 7641. Flujos geogrficos en el Ecuador: intercambios de bienes, personas e informacin, coordinadores: Juan Len V., Alba Moya, Pierre Peltre. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Colegio de Geografos del Ecuador, 1989. 111 p. A set of essays on the movement of national, imported, and exported products, and on internal migration. Includes summaries in English and French. 7642. Fowler, Robert L.; and Gustavo H. Lpez R. T he Cacao Industry of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1949. 48 p. 7643. Frits, James C. Search for a New Development Equation: the Results of Motivation Training in Ecuador, International Development Review, 18:1 (976), focus [sic] 21-24. 7644. Galarza Zavala, Jaime. El yugo feudal: visin del campo ecuatoriano, 6a ed. Quito: Edit. Solitierra; Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1979. 204 p. 7645. Galloway, Glenn. Beyond Afforestation: a Case Study in Highland Ecuador. 1991. viii, 244 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington. 7646. Galloway, Glenn. Criterios y estrategias para el manejo de plantaciones forestales en la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera, Direccin Nacional Forestal, 1987. ix, 145 p. 7647. Galloway, Glenn. Gua sobre la repoblacin forestal en la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadera, 1986. x, 291 p. 7648. Gibson, Charles R. Foreign Trade in the Economic Development of Small N ations: the Case of Ecuador. New York: Praeger, 1971. xii, 327 p.

A revision of the authors Ph.D. thesis: The Role of Foreign Trade in Ecuadorian Economic Development. University of Pennsylvania. 1968. 7649. Golodetz, Alec; and Cyril G. Henriques. Report on the Possibilities of Jewish Settlement in Ecuador. London: B. Weinberg, 1937. 116 p. A report by an economist and an irrigation engineer on the possibilities of establishing farm settlements and of carrying on small trades or crafts. 7650. Gmez-Castellanos, Luisa; and George Psacharopoulos. Earnings and Education in Ecuador: Evidence from the 1987 Household Survey, Economics of Education Review, 9:3 (1990), 219-227. 7651. Gonzlez A., Jos Luis. N uestra gran realidad: alrededor del problema de la tierra, su parcelacin y produccin en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Labor, 1936. 330 p. 7652. Gore, Peter H. The Highland Campesino, Backward Peasant or Reluctant Pawn?: A Study of the Social and Economic Factors Affecting Small Farm Modernization in Four Highland Ecuadorian Communities. 1971. 228 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University. 7653. Grf, Monika. Endogener und gelenkter Kulterwndel in ausgewhlten indianischen Gemeinden des Hochlandes von Ecuador. Mnchen: Tudov, 1990. 429 p. A study of failures as well as successes of development projects in the highlands as sponsored and undertaken by the state, the Catholic Church, and indigenous groups themselves. 7654. Granja, Mara. La burguesa bancaria, 1980-1984. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1987. 154 p. 7655. Greiling-Geister, Regina. Vernderungen der Sozialstruktur in der Landwirtschaft Ecuadors. Koln: Pahl-Rugenstein, 1981. 183 p. 7656. Greytak, David; and Victor Mndez. T he Impact of Intergovenental Grants on Local Governments in Ecuador: a Study of FON A PA R. Syracuse, N.Y .: Metropolitan Studies Program, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1986. xvi leaves, 73 p. 7657. Los Grupos monopolios en el Ecuador: un ensayo de difusin popular. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1986. 208 p. 7658. Guerrero, Andrs. La hacienda precapitalista y la clase terrateniente en A mrica Latina y su insercin en el modo de produccin capitalista: el caso ecuatoriano. Quito: Escuela de Sociologa, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Universidad Central, 1975. 92, [17] p. Also published as a monograph under the same title (possibly but not necessarily abridged): Glasgow: University of Glasgow, Institute of Latin American Studies, 1977. 57 p. (Occasional Papers; no. 23). And as an article under the same title (possibly but not necessarily abridged) in: A nuario indigenista, 37 (dic. 1977), 65-130. There is also an abridged French version: La hacienda prcapitaliste en Amrique latine: le cas de lquateur, tudes rurales, 62 (avr.-juin, 1976), 5-38. 7659. Guerrero, Andrs. Renta diferencial y vias de disolucin de la hacienda precapitalista en el Ecuador, Revista ciencias sociales, 2:5 (1978), 52-73.

7661. Guerrero Carrin, Trosky. Economa agraria. Loja: Universidad Nacional de Loja, 1989. 297 p. 7662. Guerrero Carrin, Trosky. Modernizacin agraria y pobreza rural en el Ecuador. Loja: Edit. Universitaria, 1992. 198 p. Surveys changes in the agricultural sector during the 1970s and 1980s. 7663. Guerrero Murgueytio, Rosa Matilde. Contribucin del Estado al proceso de acumulacin de burguesa durante el perodo 1980-1984. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 203 p. 7664. Gua del sector financiero ecuatoriano. Ao 1 (1991)-. Quito: Dinediciones, 1991-. 7665. Gutirrez, Alejandro. Ecuador, salarios, empleo e ingresos 1970-1982, Ecuador debate, 11 (jun. 1986), 15-44. 7666. Guzmn C., Jos H. Tecnologa agropecuaria del Ecuador. Cuenca: Grficas Hernndez Ca. Ltda., 1988. 343 p. 7667. Handelman, Howard. Development and Misdevelopment in Ecuador, Journal of Interamerican Studies and World A ffairs, 24:1 (Feb. 1982), 115-122. Reviews: Ecuador hoy (item 2734); Oswaldo Hurtados Political power in Ecuador (item 1939); Miguel Murmis, Jos Bengoa, and Osvaldo Barsky, Terratenientes y desarrollo capitalista en el agro (Quito: CEPLAES, 1978); and Moritz Thomsen, T he Farm on the River Esmeraldas (item 5905). 7668. Haubert, Maxime. Coopratives de rforme agraire et scurit alimentaire dans la sierra equatorienne, Etudes rurales, 113/114 (1989), 157-172. 7669. Hernndez, Carmen; and Rafael Urriola. Los pequeos productores agropecuarios y la apertura comercial. Quito: IICA; ILDIS, 1993. 116 p. A comparative study of the effects of trade liberalization on small farmers, especially potato, rice, and coffee producers, in Colombia and Ecuador. 7670. Herrera, Washington; Guillermo Navarro; and Carlos Izurieta. Economa ecuatoriana: concentracin econmica y pobreza social, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1988. 132 p. Contents: Washington Herrera, La posicin del Ecuador en la integracin andina; Guillermo Navarro J., Neoliberalismo y recesin econmica; Carlos Izurieta, El sector petrolero. 7671. Herrnheiser, Pavel. Las materias primas del Ecuador y su explotacin. Cuenca: Edit. Audstral, 1944. 129 p. Notwithstanding the title, a proposal for the economic development of the country. Discusses sanitation, transportation, capital investment, Inter-American cooperation, and planning as well as raw materials. 7672. Hidrobo Estrada, Jorge A. Industriales, estado, industrializacin en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin de Promocin Universitaria, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Econmicas y Tecnolgicas, 1990. xxvi, 197 p.

A revision of the authors University of Texas at Austin doctoral dissertation. Analyzes industrial policies and involvement of industrialists in decision-making process under conditions of decreasing as well as increasing resource availability during the years 1971-1984. Largely based on interviews with industrialists and public officials. Also published in English as: Power and Industrialization in Ecuador. Boulder: Westview Press, 1992. xviii, 206 p. 7673. Hurtado, Osvaldo; and Joachim Herudek. La organizacin popular en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano para el Desarrollo Social, 1974. 136 p. 7674. Ietswaart, Heleen F.P. A Successful Development Project in Ecuador: the Institute of Economic Research, International Social Science Journal, 32:1 (1980), 175-178. A report on teaching and research programs of the Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas of Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador. 7675. The Importance of Trade and Exchange Rate Policies for Ecuador, Grant M. Scobie [et al.], Food Policy, 16:1 (Feb. 1991), 34-47. 7676. La Inflacin en Ecuador: interpretaciones y comentarios, Sebastin Infante [et al.]. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1992. 83 p. Covers the years 1984-1991. 7677. Institutionalizing Farming Systems Research and Extension: Cornell Universitys Experience in Ecuador and the Philippines, Tully R. Cornick [et al.]. Ithaca, N.Y .: International Agriculture Program, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 1987. 53 p. 7678. Inter-American Development Bank. El BID en el Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: El Banco, [1979?]. 22 p. 7679. Inventario de las organizaciones rurales en el Ecuador: Provincias de N apo y Sucumbios, Cotopaxi, Los Ros. Quito: Centro de Educacin y Promocin Popular, 1989. 78 p. 7680. Investment in Ecuador: Basic Information for United States Businessmen, Bureau of Foreign Commerce. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1959. vii, 167 p. 7681. Jcome, Luis Ignacio. Estabilizacin en el Ecuador: de la inflacin crnica a la inflacin moderada. [Quito]: CORDES, 1994. 38 p. Analyzes the stabilization program introduced in Sept. 1992 that reduced the rate of inflation from high to moderate, abeit only temporarily. 7682. Jcome, Luis Ignacio. External Shocks and the Real Exchange Rate in the Ecuadorean Economy, 1972-1990. 1992. 216 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University. 7683. Jcome, Luis Ignacio; and Alfredo Arzaga. Determinantes macroeconmicos del ahorro en el Ecuador, A horro y asignacin de recursos financieros: experiencias latinoamericanas: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Per, Uruguay, Venezuela, edicin de Gnther Held y Raquel Szalachman, 1 ed. (Buenos Aires: Grupo Editor Latinoamericano, 1990), p. 75-119.

Apparently a first rate study of macroeconomic determinants of savings in Ecuador between 1965 and 1987. 7684. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Del agro-ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1936. 348 p. A classic statement of agricultural and rural conditions, especially in the highlands, as of the first half of the 1930s. 7685. Jaramillo Cisneros, Byron. Tenencia de la tierra en las comunas legalmente constituidas. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1970. 158 p. 7686. Jaramillo J., Alfredo. La planificacin en el Ecuador: un ensayo terico-prctico. Quito: Edit. Voluntad, 1981. 355 p. 7687. Jervis, Santiago. Hacia la derrota del subdesarrollo, 1 ed. Quito: NAMUR Editores, 1990. 135 p. 7688. Jordn B., Fausto. La agricultura en el Ecuador, Ecuador hoy (item 2730), p. 266282. 7689. Jordn B., Fausto. El minifundio: su evolucin en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1988. 303 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 22) With the colaboration of Jaime Ortiz B. and Rosa Jordn P. 7690. Katz, Enrique. Estudio de praderas y potreros en la ganadera ecuatoriana. Quito: Ministerio de Agricultura, 1943. 94 p. 7691. Kitay, Michael G. Land A cquisition in Developing Countries: Policies and Procedures of the Public Sector, with Surveys and Case Studies from Korea, India, T hailand, and Ecuador. Boston: Oelgeschlager, Glenn & Hain in association with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 1985. xx, 199 p. 7692. Knapp, Gregory. A ndean Ecology: A daptive Dynamics in Ecuador. Boulder: Westview Press, 1991. xv, 220 p. A well researched study of late-twentieth century and of prehistoric farming practices (irrigation, fertilization, fallowing, crop rotation, terracing, raised fields, and field drainage techniques) in the northern and central highlands. An exceptionally important work. Based on extended as well as extensive field research. See also items 981-986. 7693. Knig, Mechthild. Die Rolle der Mittelschichten in der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung Ecuadors: Besonderheiten und A hnlichkeiten im Rahmen Lateinamerikas. Gottingen: O. Schwartz, 1969. 256 p. Also published in Spanish as: El papel de la clase media en el desarrollo econmico del Ecuador: particularidades y similitudes con respecto a A mrica Latina. Bilbao: Ediciones Deusto, 1972. 183 p. 7694. Kouwenaar, Arend. A Basic N eeds Policy Model: A General Equilibrium A nalysis with Special Reference to Ecuador. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1988. xvi, 409 p. The authors: Thesis (Ph.D.)--Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands.

7695. Kreider, L. Emil; and E. Dwayne Key. Ecuadorean Sugar Conflict and the Variable Import Levy, Inter-A merican Economic A ffairs, 23:2 (Autumn 1969), 39-47. 7696. Kublank, Peter; and Diego Mora Castro. El sistema energtico del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1987. 262 p. 7697. Labastida R., Edgar de; and Rob Vos. El salario y los niveles de vida urbana en el Ecuador: un estudio de los barrios populares de Quito y Guayaquil, 1 ed. The Hague: ISS, 1987. 196 p. 7698. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos. Los cambios recientes en el subsistema bananero ecuatoriano y sus consecuencias sobre los trabajadores, 1977-1984, la ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 1988. 19 leaves. 7699. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos; Silvia Sommaruga; and Paola Sylva Charvet. Agroexportacin, transnacionales y paisaje agrario en la costa ecuatoriana, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), p. 71-94. 7700. Lawson, Victoria A. Work Force Fragmentation in Latin America and Its Empirical Manifestations in Ecuador, World Development, 18:5 (May 1990), 641-658. 7701. Lazo de Rofrio, Teresa. Del gradualismo al shock. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1994. 105 p. Examines economic policies and developments under the leadership of the Democratic Left and the Republican Unity Party in 1992 and 1993. 7702. Leiserson, Etty. A gricultural Production and Trade of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Foreign Regional Analysis Division, 1968. iv, 50 p. 7703. Len Camacho, Patricio; and Salvador Marconi Romano. La contabilidad nacional: teora y mtodos. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1985. 383 p. A guide to the national accounts of Ecuador by two of the specialists responsible for the development and publication of the countrys national accounts (see item 8414). 7704. Linnemann, Hans. Regiones econmicas del Ecuador, su integracin y desarrollo: estudio preliminar. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1965. 97 p. Preparado para el Gobierno del Ecuador ... 7705. Lpez Crdovez, Luis Alberto. Estudio preliminar de las zonas agrcolas del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1961. vii, 149 p. 7706. Luna Osorio, Luis. Competir en el mundo y exportar. Quito: Instituto Tecnolgico Superior Amrica, 1995. xiv, 226 p. Examines the global context of the external sector of the economy and suggests ways and means to bolster and diversify trade with the rest of the world. 7707. Luna Tamayo, Milton. MODERN IZA CION ?, ambigua experiencia en el Ecuador: industriales y fiesta popular. Quito: IADAP, 1993. 122 p.

7708. Maldonado, Carlos. Contribucin al estudio del artesando: zapatera, ebanistera. Cuenca: Centro de Reconversin Econmica del Azuay, Caar y Morona Santiago, 1978. 231 p. 7709. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Ecuador, coyuntura 1988-1989. Quito: CORDES, 1989. 62 p. 7710. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Ecuador, coyuntura 1989-1990. Quito: CORDES, 1990. 57 p. 7711. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Ecuador, coyuntura 1990-1991. Quito: CORDES, 1991. 69 p. See also item 7872. 7712. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Empleo, crisis econmica y polticas de ajuste. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1986. 27 p. 7713. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Las polticas pblicas en el Ecuador: diagnstico y perspectivas. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, [1987?]. 25 p. 7714. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. El proceso ahorro-inversin y el financiamiento de la economa ecuatoriana, 1950-85: (estudio descriptivo) . Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1986. 46 p. 7715. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Resultados econmicos de 1986 y perspectivas de 1987. Quito: CORDES, Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, [1987?]. 53 p. 7716. Mangiamarchi T., Sara. Progresos en reforma agraria y desarrollo rural en Ecuador. Roma: Oficina Regional de la FAO para Amrica Latina y el Caribe, Divisin de Recursos Humanos, Instituciones y Reforma Agraria, 1984. iv, 139 p. 7717. Manosalvas Saavedra, Roberto. El sistema financiero en el Ecuador. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1983. 198 p. 7718. Marshall Silva, Jorge. Ecuador, cuantificacin, distribucin y efectos del ingreso petrolero, 1973-1988. Santiago de Chile: J. Marshall, 1988. xxxii, 234 p. A major study of the impact of the two windfall periods (1974-1978 and 1978-1982) by sector. Emphasizes failure to shift adequate oil income to development of manufactures for export. See also Marshall Silvas and Alan Gelbs Ecuador, Windfalls of a New Exporter in Oil Windfalls: Blessing or Curse, edited by Alan Gelb (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), p. 170-196. 7719. Martnez, Jorge. Sensitivity A nalysis and Evaluation of the Ecuadorian Personal Income Tax. Syracuse, N.Y .: Metropolitan Studies Program, Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1986. xxii leaves, 206 p. 7720. Martnez, Luis A. La agricultura ecuatoriana. Ambato: Impr. y de Salvador R. Porras, 1904. 1 v. (376 p.)

Only tomo primero was published. 7721. Martnez, Patricia; and Gladys Fernndez. Los precios y la crisis, Revista del IDIS, 17 (abr. 1987), 135-173. 7722. Martnez Muoz, Patricio. Precondiciones econmicas para el establecimiento de la economa social de mercado en el Ecuador. Quito: Fundacin Hanns Seidel, 1992. 84 p. 7723. Martnez Valle, Luciano. Algunas reflexiones sobre el campesinado: aproximacin al caso ecuatoriano Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 107-133. 7724. Martnez Valle, Luciano. Cambios en la mano de obra rural en la sierra central del Ecuador. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1984. 200 p. (Coleccin Amigos de la Genealoga) Includes a lengthy chapter on the history of the peasantry from colonial times through the early twentieth century. 7725. Martnez Valle, Luciano. Economa poltica de las comunidades indgenas. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones de la Realidad Ecuatoriana, 1987. 140 p. 7726. Martnez Valle, Luciano. El empleo en economas campesinas productoras para el mercado interno: el caso de la sierra ecuatoriana, Revista europea de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 53 (dic. 1992), 83-93. Analyzes 1990 survey of rural households. Finds evidence of increasing circulation of adult males, who take temporary or long term work in cities and towns, and therefore greater participation of women in farm activities, not that the latter was ever minimal. 7727. Martnez Valle, Luciano. El empleo rural en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: INEM; ILDIS, 1992. 58 p. A more detailed study of the 1990 survey of rural households. Focuses on seasonal variations in employment and on differences between the coast and the highlands. 7728. Max-Neef, Manfred A. From the Outside Looking In: Experience in Barefoot Economics. Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammarskjld Foundation, 1982. 208 p. A study of rural development projects in north-western Ecuador or the Provinces of Imbabura and Carchi and the Canton of Eloy Alfaro in the Province of Esmeraldas (as attempted by the Misin Andina del Ecuador) and Tiradentes, Brazil. Although the ECU-28 Project was aborted and the Misin Andina suppressed shortly after the Armed Forces came to power in 1972, it was not entirely an failure inasmuch as it demonstrated, at least to those who would listen, that the rural poor understand their problems very well and are quite capable of coming up with realistic solutions to them, given the opportunity. From the Outside Looking In may also be read as a valuable commentary on the so-called development process, especially on the perceptions and misperceptions of those involved, governments, experts, and peasants. 7729. McCormick, Charles J.; and Jan G. Laarman. Financial Sensitivity of Alternative Foresation Incentives in Ecuador, Forest Ecology and Management, 27 (1989), 149-158.

7730. McCusker, Henry F., Jr.; and Edward A. Podesta. Manpower and Educational Planning in the Socioeconomic Development of Ecuador. Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute, 1964. vii, 91 p. 7731. McKenzie, Merylyn. La poltica y la gestin de la energa rural: la experiencia del Ecuador. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 1994. 368 p. A detailed examination of the problems of development of rural energy sources, particularly insofar as deforestation is concerned and the impact of deforestation on the rural populations of the Cantons of Quevedo (Los Ros), and Portoviejo (Manab). 7732. Meier, Peter C. Apuntes sobre la estratificacin del proletariado industrial: productividad, empleo e ingresos, Revista ciencias sociales 5:15/16 (1984), 129-138. 7733. Meltzoff, Sarah Keene; and Edward LiPuma. The Social and Political Economy of Coastal Zone Management, Coastal Zone Management Journal, 14:4 (1986), 349-380. 7734. Meyer, Carrie A. Environmental NGOs in Ecuador: an Economic Analysis of Institutional Change, Journal of Developing A reas, 27:1 (Jan. 1993), 191-210. Examines the experience of USAID with nongovernmental organizations, especially the highly successful Fundaci n Natura, considered by many to be a model for Latin America at large. 7735. Miller, Eilif V. Agricultural Ecuador, Geographical Review, 49:2 (Apr. 1959), 183207. 7736. Miras, Claude de; and Roberto Roggiero. Haba una vez pequeas actividiades en la urbe: discursos y teoras: desde la marginalidad pasando por el sector informal en el Ecuador: balance, sntesis del conocimiento y nuevas perspectivas anliticas, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo: CEDIME: ORSTOM, 1991. 265 p. 7737. Misin Andina del Ecuador. Proyecto de integracin del campesinado, prstamo no. 55/T F/EC: informe final, diciembre 1969. Quito: Misin Andina del Ecuador, 1970. 85 p. 7738. Misin Andina del Ecuador. Seis aos de trabajo de la Misin A ndina en el Ecuador. Quito: Misin Andina del Ecuador, [1964?] 28 p. 7739. Mogolln, Nestor. Estructura, tensin y posibilidades econmicas de la Repblica del Ecuador, Boletn de informaciones y de estudios sociales y econmicos, 2:7 (dic. 1939), 86-101. 7740. Moncada, Jos. Breve evaluacin de la participacin del Ecuador en el Grupo Andino, Economa (Quito), 64 (ago. 1975), 25-34. 7741. Moncada, Jos. Capitalismo, burguesa y crisis en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1983. 107 p. 7742. Moncada, Jos. Capitalismo y neocapitalismo en el Ecuador Quito: Ediciones la Tierra, 1985. 80 p. 7743. Moncada, Jos. Capitalismo y subdesarrollo ecuatoriano en el siglo XX . Quito: Departamento de Cultura y Difusin Popular, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1982. 137 p.

7744. Moncada, Jos. Desigualdad y estructura productiva en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Colegio de Economistas de Quito, 1995. 147 p. Analyses the causes of uneven distribution of income, including distribution of property, and the prevalence of widespread poverty, urban as well as rural. 7745. Moncada, Jos. La economa ecuatoriana en el siglo XX: algunos elementos relativos a la gnesis, apropiacin y utilizacin del excedente econmico. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1980. 172 p. 7746. Moncada, Jos. Ecuador, economa y sociedad, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1984. 158 p. 7747. Moncada, Jos. Ecuador, integracin mundial o desintegracin nacional? Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1992. 126 p. A quasi-historical analysis of the economic crisis of the 1980s and a critique of neoliberal remedies. 7748. Moncada, Jos. La evolucin del capitalismo ecuatoriano en el ltimo decenio y perspectivas. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Universdiad Central del Ecuador, 1984. 50 p. 7749. Moncada, Jos. Evolucin y situacin actual del capitalismo ecuatoriano y perspectivas de desarrollo socialista, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1982. 86 p. Contents: Breves rasgos de la evolucin socio-econmica ecuatoriana, durante las dos ltimas dcadas; Diversas posiciones frente a la crisis econmica del Ecuador y necesidad de nuevos enfoques; Algunas reflexiones en torno a la formulacin de un programa para la transicin del Ecuador al socialismo. 7750. Moncada, Jos. Las falacas de la economa convencional. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad Central, 1983. 73 p. 7751. Moncada, Jos. Los nuevos rostros de la crisis: el caso del Ecuador, Problemas del desarrollo, 22:3 (jul./sept. 1991), 109-126. 7752. Moncada, Jos; and Fabio Villalobos. Distribucin del ingreso, estructura productiva y alternativa del desarrollo: 1968-1975, Difusin econmica (Guayaquil), 16:1 (abr. 1978), 1362. 7753. Monsalve Pozo, Luis. La reforma agraria en el Ecuador y en el A zuay: su panorama social y legal. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, 1965. 61 p. 7754. Montao Prez, Galo; and Eduardo Wygard. Visin sobre la industria ecuatoriana. Quito: COFIEC, [1976?] 488 p. 7755. Mora A., Jorge A. Estructura productiva, polticas estatales y conflictos sociales en la actividad cafetalera del Ecuador, Revista de historia (Heredia, Costa Rica), 14 (1986), 55-82.

A major contribution to the neglected role of coffee and coffee producers in the development of the agricultural sector. 7756. Morales, Edmundo. The Guinea Pig in the Andean Economy: from Household Animal to Market Economy, Latin A merican Research Review, 29:3 (1994), 129-142. See also item 8047. 7757. Morales Oyarzun, Juan. Pequea y mediana industria en el Ecuador: situacin y poltica de fomento. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Socio-Econmicas y Tecnolgicas, 1986. 102 p. 7758. Moreira, Dario. El desarrollo provincial y la integracin nacional: notas sobre una estrategia de accin de los concejos provinciales y la participacin popular para el desarrollo integrado del Ecuador. Quito: Consejo Provincial de Pichincha, 1982. 29 p. 7759. Morris, Arthur Stephen. A fforestation Projects in the Ecuadorian Sierra. Glasgow: University of Glasgow, 1983. 18 p. (Occasional Papers; no. 39) 7760. Moya Espn, Fernando. Estado de situacin de la pequea y mediana industria en el Ecuador: perodo 1978-1982. Quito; FENAPI; INSOTEC, 1986. 140 p. 7761. Munro, David M. Problems on the Way to Ecuadors Democracy, Geographical Magazine, 53 (Sept. 1981), 782-786. 7762. Naranjo, Mariana. Privatizaciones: elementos para la discussin. Quito: Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales, 1992. 104 p. 7763. Narvez Quionez, Ivn. Flexibilizacin laboral y crisis. Quito: Fundacin Ecuatoriana de Estudios Sociales, 1992. 236 p. Examines political and social aspects of unionization of government workers. 7764. Navarro Jimnez, Guillermo. La concentracin de capitales en el Ecuador, 2 ed. Quito: Ediciones Solitierra, 1976. 114 p. 7765. Nickelsburg, Gerald. Inflation, Expectations and Qualitative Government Policy in Ecuador, 1970-1982, World Development, 15:8 (Aug. 1987), 1077-1085. 7766. Nieto Garca, Vctor. La crisis econmica en el Ecuador: contribucin a la discusin del problema. Guayaquil: Instituto Pedro Saad de Estudios Sociales, 1985. 65 p. 7767. Nieto Garca, Vctor. Crtica al plan integral de transformacin y desarrollo, 1973-1977. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 320 p. 7768. Ojeda de Vaca, Azucena. La desnacionalizacin de la economa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1981. 49 p. 7769. Opciones de la pequea y mediana industria en la apertura econmica, Fidel Durn [et al.]. Quito: INSOTEC, 1992. 193 p. 7770. Orellana, Luis E. La empresa popular ecuatoriana: realidades, avances y perspectivas, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Fundacin Guaayquil, 1989. 491 p.

7771. Orellana Albn, Felipe. La industria bananera en el Ecuador. Quito: Servicio Cooperativo Internamericano de Agricultura, 1952. 44 p. 7772. Ortiz Chiriboga, Gonzalo. El campesino y el desarrollo ecuatoriano, Desarrollo y cambio socio-econmico en el Ecuador (Quito: Centro Andino de Estudios e Investigaciones, 1979), p. 119-201. 7773. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. La dcada de los 80. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 22 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 8) 7774. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. El desarrollo del Ecuador: perspectivas; La situacin econmica del Ecuador. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 35 p. 7775. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. La deuda externa: un fenmeno endemico. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 19 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 9) 7776. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. Estabilizar la economa, luego crecer. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 22 p. (Temas econmicos no. 7) 7777. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. Lineamiento monetario y creditcio para 1990. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 21 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 6) 7778. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. Polticas econmicas: perspectivas de mediano plazo. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 28 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 10) 7779. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. El programa monetario y de crdito para 1990. Quito: Generencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 22 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 3) 7780. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. La reactivacin econmica y la ltima dcada del siglo 20. Quito: Gerencia de Relaciones Pblicas, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1990. 14 p. (Temas econmicos; no. 11) 7781. Pachano Bertero, Abelardo. Visin de la crisis de la economa ecuatoriana. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1984. 294 p. 7782. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. El desarrollo capitalista y el Estado en el Ecuador, 1960-1975. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca. Instituto de Investigacones Sociales IDIS, 1980. 290 p. 7783. Pacheco Prado, Lucas. Problemtica cientfico-tecnolgica de la pequea industria ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologa: CIPAD: Publicaciones Tercer Mundo, 1989. 136 p. 7784. Palacios Senz, Carlos. La maldicin del petroleo. Guayaquil: Ediciones ARA, 1975. 128 p. 7785. Paln Tamayo, Zonia. La nueva cara del agro ecuatoriano: estado, crisis y agroindustria, 1 ed. Quito: Cento de Investigaciones CIUDAD, 1989. 152 p.

7786. Paredes Avila, Eduardo. La crisis econmica. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1984. 76 p. 7787. Paredes Avila, Eduardo. La oligarqua y la crisis. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Difusin Social, 1985. 116 p. 7788. Parsons, James J. Economic Development in the Northern Andes, Geographical Review, 46:3 (July 1956), 411-413. 7789. Pensamiento agrario ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Carlos Marchn Romero. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1986. 741 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 23) As it turn outs, much, if not all, of this anthology is concerned with the 1916-1918 debate regarding the nominal (in retrospect) abolition of concertaje de indios. 7790. Pensamiento monetario y financiero, estudio introductorio y seleccin de Eduardo Larrea Stacey. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador; Corporacin Editora nacional, 1986. 2 v. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 20-21) 7791. Pequea y mediana industria en el Ecuador: situacin y polticas de fomento, perodo 19781982, direccin de Juan Morales Oyarzn. Quito: INSOTEC, 1986. 102 p. 7792. Prez Sinz, Juan Pablo. Industrializacin y fuerza de trabjao en Ecuador, Boletn de estudios latinoamericanos y del Caribe, 37 (dic. 1984), 19-43. Examines changes in the composition and quality of the labor force resultant from the major increase in industrialization that occurred the 1970s. Based on a survey of three factories in Quito (Cervecera Ecuatoriana, Textiles Ecuador, and Electro Andina). 7793. Prez Sinz, Juan Pablo. Industrializacin tarda y Estado en Ecuador: elementos de anlisis, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 5:15/16 (1984), 109-127. Examines the role of the state in the latent development of industrialization. 7794. La Pesca artesanal en el Ecuador, ESPOL, CEPLAES, ILDIS. Guayaquil: Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral, 1987. xv, 288 p. On traditional fishing and fishing practices. 7795. Petersen, Jens; and Monika H. Rusch. Soziale Entwicklung als Programm: A grarbeispiels in Ecuador und Mexico. Berlin: Institut fr Soziologie der Technischen Universitt Berlin, 1985. xii, 273 p. 7796. Pfaller, Alfred. Estratega de evolucin del Ecuador hacia fines del presente siglo, Ecuador hoy (item 2730), p. 134-165. 7797. Pitri-Lvy, Anne Lise. Lobjet de nature: art populaire, fonction sociale et orientation commerciale. Toulouse: Presses Universitaries du Mirail, 1991. 462 p. Includes a chapter on Les artisanants de lEquateur (p. [355]-402).

7798. Pita Sevilla, Edgar; and Peter C. Meier. A rtesana y modernizacin en el Ecuador: anlisis de la situacin socio-econmica de la artesana ecuatoriana, perspectivas de desarrollo y polticas de fomento. Quito: Unidad de Artesana, CONADE, 1985. 301 p. 7799. Policy Aspects of Development and Individual Mobility: Migration and Circulation from Ecuadors Rural Sierra, Lawrence A. Brown [et al.], Economic Geography, 64:2 (Apr. 1988), 147-170. 7800. Plit, Emilio. Financiamiento de areas rurales marginales en el Ecuador, 7801. Poltica petrolera ecuatoriana 1972-1976. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, [1979?]. 222 p. Contents: Gustavo Jarrn Ampudia, La posicin del Ecuador en materia de poltica energtica (p. 11-59); Luis Salazar Landeta, Panorama de la situacin mundial y su incidencia en nuestra poltica hidrocarburfera (p. 61-86); Jaime Dueas Villavicencio, La poltica petrolera debe tender a asegurar condiciones equitativas para la inversin extranjera (p. 89-96); Sergio Vsquez Pacheco, Lo lgico y digno es adquirir por lo menos el 51% de las acciones del consorcio (p. 99-132); Ren Vargas Pazzos, Petrleo: desarrollo y seguridad (p. 133-199); Posicin de la Universidad Central (p. 201-213); Universidad Central del Ecuador. Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Frente al caso Texaco-Gulf, Rompetrol, CEPE (p. 215-222). 7802. Politically Feasible and Equitable Adjustment: Some Alternatives for Ecuador, A. De Janvry [et al.], World Development, 19:11 (Nov. 1991), 1577-1594. 7803. Posada Torres, Rafael. Ecuador and the CGIA R Centers: A Study of T heir Collaboration in A gricultural Research. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1986. x, 75 p. 7804. Pozo, Eliana. Lneas de financiamiento para la micro y pequea industria. Quito: INSOTEC, 1990. 53 p. 7805. Proao, Fabin. Ecuador, dinmica del sector agrario: una aproximacin al estudio de los problemas agrarios ecuatorianos. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, Oficina de Publicaciones, 1978. 238 p. 7806. Proao, Franklin. Desequilibrios de la balanza de pagos y polticas cambiarias en el Ecuador, 1972-1985. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, [1988?]. 46 p. 7807. El Proceso de industrializacin ecuatoriano, introduccin y compilacin de Lucas Pacheco; artculos de Cristin Seplveda [et al.]. Quito: Publicaciones IIE-PUCE, 1983. 443 p. 7808. El Problema agrario en el Ecuador, Andrs Guerrero [et al.]; Manuel Chiriboga, compilador. Quito: ILDIS, 1988. 544 p. 7809. Programa agrario campesino indgena, Federacin Nacional de Organizaciones Campesinas. Quito: Federacin Nacional de Organizaciones Campesinas, 1988. 71 p. 7810. Programas de micro y pequea empresa en el Ecuado. Quito: INSOTEC, 1989. 79 p. 7811. Puga Valencia, Carlos. Festn de tierras y mano de obra en Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 163 p.

7812. Quince aos de reforma agraria en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Socio-Econmicos, 1979. 85 p. 7813. La Realidad ecuatoriana: primer ciclo de conferencias organizado por la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad Central. Quito: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1951. 85 p. 7814. Realidad y futuro de los programas de microempresas en el Ecuador: memoria del seminario nacional, Quito, 5 y 6 de junio de 1991, Fernando Fernndez, compilador. Quito: INSOTEC, 1991. 129 p. 7815. Redclift, Michael R. The Influence of the Agency for International Development (AID) on Ecuadors Agrarian Development, Journal of Latin A merican Studies, 11:1 (May 1979), 185-201. 7816. Redclift, Michael R.; and David A. Preston. Agrarian Reform and Rural Change in Ecuador, Environment, Society, and Rural Change in Latin A merica, edited by David Preston (New York: Wiley, 1980), p. 53-81. An analysis of the differences in agrarian reform and concomitant changes in the rural economies and societies of the coast and in the highlands in the 1960s and 1970s, in the wake of the Agrarian Reform Law of 1964. See also item 6035. 7817. Regulation and the informal economy: microenterprises in Chile, Ecuador, and Jamaica, edited by Victor E. Tokman [and] Emilio Klein. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Riener Publishers, Inc., 1996. vi, 211 p. 7818. Rengel Espinosa, Jorge Oswaldo. Desarrollo nacional de la minera ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Escuela Superior Politcnica del Litoral, 1985. 140 p. 7819. Resultados y perspectivas de la economa ecuatoriana, 1984-1985. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1985. 27 p. (Serie Apuntes tcnicos; no. 1) 7820. Reyes, Jorge. A puntaciones sobre problemas ecuatorianos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 133 p. 7821. Reynolds, Clark W.; and Wayne Camard. Obstculos a la competencia y el espritu de empresa en los pases andinos, El Fin de las barreras: los empresarios y el Pacto A ndino en la dcada de los 90, coordinacin de Germnico Salgado y Rafael Urriola (Caracas: Fundacin Friedrich Ebert: Edit. Nueva Sociedad, 1991), p. 102-124. Examines the alleged benefits of regional economic integration. 7822. Rivera Florez, Jorge. El transporte en el Ecuador: poltica, coordinacin, programacin, el transporte intermodal, matriz de trasporte. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1978. v, 84 p. 7823. Rivet, Paul. La industria del sombrero en Ecuador y Per, Revista del Instituto A zuayo de Folklore, 11 (jul. 1991), 21-47. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 11 (jul. 1991), 21-47. Originally published as: Lindustrie du chapeau en Equateur et au Peru. Paris, 1907.

7824. Rojas Idrovo, Eliana; and Cecilia Paredes Loza. Proyecciones econmicas y demogrficas del Ecuador al ao 2000: implicaciones en la educacin superior. Quito: Plan Integral de DesarrolloPUCE, Ediciones de la Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1992. xi, v, 368 p. 7825. Romero Cevallos, Marco. Procesos reales y financieros en Mxico, Chile y Ecuador en los aos ochenta, Monetaria, 15 (oct./dic. 1992), 385-451. A comparative study of capital markets in Mexico, Chile, and Ecuador in the 1980s. 7826. Ruff, Samuel R. A gricultural Progress in Ecuador, 1970-82 . Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1984. vi, 40 p. Issued in microfiche. 7827. Saad, Pedro A. Los artesanos del Ecuador y la lucha por el mejoramiento de su situacin. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1968. 30 p. 7828. Saad, Pedro A. La realidad agropecuaria del Ecuador: conferencia dictada en la Facultad de A gronoma de la Universidad de Guayaquil, el 15 de marzo de 1972. Guayaquil: Edit. Claridad, 1972. 89 p. 7829. Saad, Pedro A. La reforma agraria democrtica. Guayaquil: Edit. Clairdad, 1976. 265 p. 7830. Salamea Palacios, Luca. Transformacin de la hacienda y cambios en la condicin campesina, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 195-247. Delineates the breakup of Guachal, the former hacienda of Neptal Bonifaz, whereas lies the importance of this study, and changes in the condition of its peasant (i.e., indigenous) work force. Analysis of what happened to the work force of Guachal from the beginning of the estates dissolution in 1948 through 1976 is compromised, however, by the authors apparent lack of understanding of Andeans. Reprinted in item 7596. 7831. Salgado, Germnico. Ecuador, Crisis and Adjustment Policies: Their Effect on Agriculture, CEPA L Review/Revista de la CEPA L, 33 (Dec. 1987), p. 129-143. 7832. Salgado, Germnico. Ecuador y la integracin econmica de A mrica Latina. Buenos Aires: Instituto para la Integracin de Amrica Latina (INTAL); B.I.D., 1970. ix, 330 p. Examines Ecuadors participation in the Asociacin Latinoamericana de Libre Cambio and in the Grupo Andino in the 1960s. 7833. Salgado Valdez, Roberto. La sociedad anmica en el Ecuador, 2 ed. Cuenca: Editora Fondo de Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 240 p. 7834. Samaniego Ponce, Pablo; and Lincoln Maiguashca G. Situacin y perspectivas de la micro y pequea industria en cinco ciudades secundarias de la costa ecuatoriana: Esmeraldas, Quevedo, Manta, Portoviejo y Santo Domingo de los Colorados. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Socioeconmicas y Tecnolgicas (INSOTEC), Departamento de Investigaciones Industriales; CEDEP, 1989. 93 leaves.

7835. Santos Alvite, Eduardo. El Ecuador al ao 2000: sector agropecuario, forestal y pesquero. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologa, 1989. 108 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 27) 7836. Santos Alvite, Eduardo. Ecuador, hacia el diseo de una teora del desarrollo humano, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Jurisprudencia, Ciencias Polticas y Sociales, Escuela de Ciencias Internacionales, 1983. 156, [5] p. A somewhat superficial review of state of the economy as of the late 1980s. Examines choice between traditional and social change models of development. 7837. Santos Ditto, Jos. Leyes y sangre en el agro. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 330 p. Primarily a study of the desultory implementation of agrarian reform in the case of rice plantations on the coast. 7838. Saunders, John Van Dyke. Man-Land Relations in Ecuador, Rural Sociology, 26:1 (Mar. 1961), 57-69. 7839. Schodt, David W. Agricultural Performance in a Small Petroleum-Exporting Country: Ecuador during the 1970s and 1980s, Modernization and Stagnation: Latin A merican A griculture into the 1990s, edited by Michael Twomey and Ann Helweg (New York: Greenwood Press, 1991), p. 215-232. 7840. Schrickel, Clyde Calvin. Personnel Practices of United States Manufacturing Firms Operating in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. 1966. 288 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-Ohio State University. 7841. Schuldt, Jurgen. La acumulacin de capital y los problemas de la macroeconomia ecuatoriana en el perodo de posguerra, 2 ed. Quito: Ecuador Siglo XXI: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (CONADE): Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, 1992. 132 p. 7842. Schuldt, Jurgen. Ecuador, estrategias para una poltica de comercio exterior. Quito: CAAP, 1994. 72 p. 7843. Schuldt, Jurgen. Elecciones y poltica econmica en el Ecuador, 1983-1994. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales (Quito), 1994. 128 p. Analyzes relationship between election results and economy policies. 7844. Schuldt, Jurgen; and Alberto Acosta Espinosa. Inflacin: enfoques y polticas alternativas para A mrica Latina y el Ecuador. Quito: Libresa; Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales (Quito), 1995. 458 p. 7845. Schuldt, Jurgen; and Cornelio Marchn. Elementos para una estrategia de desarrollo industrial de largo plazo. Quito: Ecuador Siglo XXI: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (CONADE): Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, 1992. 188 p. 7846. Schwerin, Karl H. La reforma agraria en el Ecuador: perspectiva y futuro, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 4 (1973), 111-129. Based on fieldwork undertaken in the Province of Caar in 1969 and 1970.

7847. Seminario El Ecuador del Siglo XXI (1991: Quito, Ecuador). Memorias del Seminario El Ecuador del Siglo XXI: perspctivas econmicas del Ecuador en el siglo XXI: mayo 1991, Alberto Crdenas [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: IAEN: ILDIS, 1992. 110 p. Notable for insights as to probable future developments by leading late-twentieth-century analysts such as Osvaldo Hurtado and Walter Spurrier. 7848. Seplveda T., Cristin; Gilda Farrell; and Jorge Fernndez. El proceso de industrializacin ecuatoriana, seleccin de textos y comentarios de Cristin Seplveda, 1 ed. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, 1983. 290 p. Contents: Cristin Seplveda, Teora, estrategia y practica de la industrializacin ecuatoriana; Jorge Fernndez, Un decenio de industrializacin en el Ecuador; Cristin Seplveda, Relaciones interindustriales, empleo productivo y competitividad en la industria ecuatoriana; Gilda Farrell, El movimiento sindical frente a la segmentacin tecnolgica y salarial del mercado de trabajo; Cristin Seplveda, Heterogeneidad tecnolgica, desequilibrios estructurales y polticas de desarrollo; Cristin Seplveda, Progreso cientfico-tecnolgico, acumulacin y polticas econmicas en Amrica Latina. 7849. Shaw, Stuart Daniel. Sectoral Structure and Change under State Policy Induced Industrialization: The Case of Ecuador, 1974-1982. 257 leaves. 1988. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University. 7850. Sheppard, George. Salt Industry in Ecuador, Geographical Review, 22:3 (July 1932), 403-410. 7851. Sierra Castro, Enrique. Ecuador, Ecuador: tu petroleo!, tu gente!, 1 ed. Quito: EDIDAC, 1995. 263 p. 7852. Sierra Castro, Enrique; and Hernn Yepez Z. Ecuador, clculos macroeconmicos: ejercicios de clculo y anlisis de computacin, 1 ed. Quito: EDIDAC, 1992. 182 p. 7853. Sierra Valenzuela, Vitalia. Ecuador, inflacin y respuestas: teora, origen y caractersticas del proceso inflacionario y las respuestas de la poltica econmica. Quito: Ediciones Cultura y Didctica, 1991. 272 p. Includes considerable statistical data on costs and prices for the years 1970-1990. 7855. La Situacin campesina caracterizada en zonas, ALOP [et al.]. Quito: ALOP, 1984. 254, [20] p. Prepared by agreement between ALOP, CESA, CONADE, FAO, MAG, and SEDRI. 7856. La Situacin de los campesinos en ocho zonas del Ecuador, edicin de Alain Dubly. Quito: ALOP, 1984. 2 v. 7857. Situacin econmica del Ecuador en los aos 80, Equipo de Investigacin MIIC-JEC de Babahoyo. Babahoyo: Centro de Publicaciones de la Iglesia Catedral de Babahoyo, [1988?]. 188 p. Examines economic events of the 1980s and the rle of the church and of Catholics should play in economic development.

7858. Situation, Principal Problems and Perspectives for the Economic and Social Development of Ecuador, Organization of American States, Inter-American Economic and Social Council, Permanent Executive Committee, CEPECIES [i.e., CEPCIES] Ad Hoc Group on Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: General Secretariat of the Organization of American States, 1975. ix, 149 p. 7859. Small Farmer Credit in Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Agency for International Development, Department of State, 1973. [197] leaves in various foliations. 7860. Sodiro, Luis. Reflexiones sobre la agriculura ecuatoriana. Quito: Impr. del Gobierno, 1883. 83 p. 7861. Sohns, Reinhold. La economa del Ecuador en la transicin a la democracia: entre necesidades poltico-estructurales y expectivas de poltica distributiva. Quito: ILDIS: Fundacin Friedrich Ebert, 1980. iv, 68 leaves. 7862. Soliz V., Rmulo; Patricio Espinosa; and Vctor H. Cardoso. Ecuador, organizacin y manejo de la investigacin en finca en el Instituto N acional de Investigaciones A gropecuarias (IN IA P) . The Hauge, Netherlands: International Service for National Agricultural Research, 1989. xxvii, 148 p. 7863. Southon, Michael. Competition and Conflict in an Ecuadorian Beachseine Fishery, Human Organization, 48:4 (Winter 1989), 365-369. Examines the breakdown of the traditional rules regulating access to peasant fishing upon the introduction of capital-intensive fishing technology. Also published in Spanish as: Competencias y conflictos en una pesquera de red de arrastre en Salango, Ecuador, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 6:6 (1986), 27-47. 7864. T he State and Capital A ccumulation in Latin A merica, edited by Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortn. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1985-1990. 2 v. Partial contents: vol. 2. A rgentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela. 7865. Stickley, Smith Thomas. Factors Associated with Incomes of Ecuadorian Farmers. 1968. vii, 278 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University. 7866. Stuart, David E. Rasgos estructurales en el sistema ecuatoriano de haciendas, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 265-271. 7867. Study of A gricultural Education, Investigation, and Extension, 1965: Ecuador, InterAmerican Committee for Agricultural Development in cooperation with the United Nations Program for Development and the National Planning Board of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1967. xiii, 155 p. 7868. Survey for the Development of the Guayas River Basin of Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1964. 226 p. An in-depth analysis of the economic geography of the Guayas River Basin as of the early 1960s. Also published in Spanish as: Investigaciones de las posibilidades de desarrollo de la Cuenca del Ro Guayas del Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Unin Panamericana, 1964. xv, 240 p.

7869. Sylva Charvet, Paola. La organizacin rural en el Ecuador: autogestin, desarrollo y movimiento social, 1 ed. Quito: CEPP: Abya-Yala, 1991. 279 p. 7870. Tafur, Marco; and Gabriel Castro. El desarrollo capitalista de la industria manufacturera ecuatoriana de 1965-1968 y la explotacin de la fuerza de trabajo, Economa (Quito), 80 (nov. 1982), 89-135. 7871. Tama Paz, Cyrano. Escandalos petroleros ecuatorianos. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1979. 444 p. 7872. Tassara Sanco, Alberto. Ecuador, coyuntura 1993: primer semestre. Quito: CORDES, 1993. 47 p. Continues items 7709-7711. I do not know if Tassara Sanco or CORDES published a report for the second half of 1993, but they did for both halves of 1994: Tassara Sanco, Alberto. Ecuador, coyuntura 1994: primer semestre. Quito: CORDES, 1994. 44 p. And: Tassara Sanco, Alberto. Ecuador, coyuntura 1994: segundo semestre. Quito: CORDES, 1994. 31 p. 7873. T heory and Policy Design for Basic N eeds Planning: a Case Study of Ecuador, edited by Rudolf Teekens; with contributions by Lidia Barreiros, Arend Kouwenaar, [and] Rob Vos. Aldershot, Hants: Avebury; Brookfield, Vt.: Gower Pub., 1988. 727 p. A major compendium of basic data on basic needs and theoretical analysis of how to satisfy them. Also published in Spanish as: Ecuador, teora y diseo de polticas para la satisfaccin de necesidades bsicas, Lidia Barreiros [et al.]. The Hague: Instituto de Estudios Sociales, 1987. xxxii, 694 p. 7874. Thirsk, Wayne R. Price Policy and A gricultural Development in Ecuador. Houston: Program of Development Studies, William Marsh Rice University, 1976. 34 p. 7875. Tokman, Victor E. Income Distribution, Technology and Employment in Developing Countries: an Application to Ecuador, Journal of Development Economics, 2:x (Mar. 1975), 49-80. 7876. Torres Rodrguez, Luis. La crisis del IESS. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 145 p. Blames the Febres Cordero administration for many of the problems then plaguing the social security system. 7877. Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador, coordinadores, Pierre Gondard, Juan B. Len V., Paola Sylva Ch.; autores, Manuel Chiriboga V. [et al.]. Quito: CEDIG, 1988. 134 p. (Geografa bsica del Ecuador; t. 5, vol. 1) Like its parent, the Geogrfica bsica, this tome may be thought of as a whole. But its reads more like a set of discrete albeit related essays--for the particulars of which see items 7567, 7569, 7633, 7697, 7878, and 7913--unlike some of its better put together companions, especially Transicin demogrfica (item 8716) and El Espacio urbano (item 6005).

7878. El Tratamiento preferencial a Bolivia y Ecuador en la A LA LC: anlisis crtico y evlauacin de los resultados. Buenos Aires: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Instituto para la Integracin de Amrica Latina, 1982. vi, 118 p. 7879. Trujillo, Jorge. La colonizacin en el Ecuador, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), p. 59-70. 7880. Trujillo Bustamante, Alfonso. El sistema financiero ecuatoriano y los mecanismos para su control. Quito: Superintendencia de Bancos, 1986. 53 p. 7881. Ummenhofer, Stefan M. Ecuador, Industrialisierungs-bestrebungen eines kleinen A grarst es. Saarbrucken: Fort Lauderdale: Breitenbach, 1983. xi, 336 p. 7882. Universidad Central del Ecuador. Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas. La economa ecuatoriana durante los gobiernos Rolds-Hurtado, Hurtado-Rolds, 1979-1982, 1 ed. Quito: El Instituto, 1982. 173 p. Artculos ... escritos ... por Wolfgang Schmidt, Jos Moncada, Armando Prez y Bayardo Tobar; representan la opinin oficial del Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas. 7883. Van Crowder, L. Extension for Profit: Agents and Sharecropping in the Highlands of Ecuador, Human Organization, 50:1 (Spring 1991), 39-42. The public and private sectors are sometimes blurred as in the case of government extension agents who engage in sharecropping with small farmers for profits. This article examines the institutional aspects of extension for profit, agent and farmer motivations for entering into sharecropping arrangements, technology introduction through agent/farmer sharecropping, and how choice of sharecropping clients may increase social stratification among . . . small farmers. 7884. Varea, Anamara. Ecologa hacia un desarrollo sustentable, 2 ed. Quito: Ecuador Siglo XXI: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo (CONADE): Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, 1992. 140 p. 7885. Vzquez, Paciente. Circulacin del capital y reproduccin de la economa ecuatoriana, Revista del IDIS, 17 (abr. 1987), 11-56. 7886. Vega Moreno, Nstor. La economa ecuatoriana en la dcada de los aos 70 y perspectivas futuras. Quito: Editorial La Unin, 1980. xi, 235 p. 7887. Vega Moreno, Nstor. Quin paga el desarrollo?: cuatro dcada de historia econmica vivida, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1995-1996. 4 v. in 3. Covers economic developments and events of the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, apparently as originally reported by the author in El Telgrafo. 7888. Veintimilla, Luis Emilio. Paving the Way for the Future, World Marxist Review, 27:2 (Feb. 1984), 64-69. A Marxist interpretation of the struggles of the working class and the [Ecuadorian] people as a whole in the 1982-1983 period . . . 7889. Velasco, Marco. Insubordinacin y conciencia de clase: el proletariado industrial en el Ecuador, 1970-1980. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1983. 175 p.

7890. Velasco, Paul; and Gaitan Villavicencio. Perfiles tecnolgicos y pequea produccin urbana, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Corporacin de Estudios Regionales-Guayaquil: Fundacin Interamericana, 1989. 198 p. 7891. Velasco Abad, Fernando. Ecuador: subdesarrollo y dependencia, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1981. xxvi, 239 p. This work should probably have been included under Historia: obras generales y miscelneas but once again I was misled by library subject headings. The authors thesis in Economics, it was an attempt to rewrite the history, especially the economic history, of his country in terms of historical materialism and the then in vogue model of dependency. Its importance lies in the impact it had on other members of his generation, struggling to make sense out of the legacy of their past. But Ecuador: subdesarrollo y dependencia was written when Velasco Abad was barely 20 and its shows it. At least Velasco Abad was not ideologically blind and showed promise of becoming a respectable scholar; see his later, far more sophisticated and in the long run, more important La estructura econ mica de la Real A udien cia de Q uito (item 1533). In this regard it is important to note that he resisted publishing his thesis. Posthumously published, Ecuador: subdesarrollo y dependencia was reprinted in a 2 ed. in 1983 by Edit. El Conejo; and in 1990 by the Corporacin Editora Nacional. 194 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 24). 7892. Velasco Abad, Fernando. Reforma agraria y movimiento campesino indgena en la sierra, 2 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1983. 135 p. A study of the implementation of the agrarian reform laws of 1964 and 1973 and of the politicization of the peasantry of the highlands during the 1960s and 1970s. 7893. Velastegu R., Daro. Ensayo de diagnstico de la agroindustria del Ecuador. Ambato: Universidad Tcnica de Ambato, Escuela de Ingeniera de Alimentos, 1982. 55 p. 7894. Verduga, Csar. El desarrollo econmico ecuatoriano contemporneo: una aproximacin (anlisis del perodo 1972-1975), Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 1:3/4 (1977), 93-114. 7895. Verduga, Csar. El proceso econmico ecuatoriano contemporneo: (anlisis del perodo 1972/75), Ecuador hoy (item 2730), p. 59-90. 7896. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. 1986-87, economa ecuatoriana: crisis, violencia, miseria. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1988. 228 p. 7897. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Caractersticas de la economa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992. 87 p. 7898. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. La crisis econmica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992. 59 p. 7899. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. La clase trabajadora del Ecuador: caractersticas y condiciones de vida, 3 ed. actualizada. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. 145 p.

7900. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Economa ecuatoriana, 1984-85: el fracaso de la reconstruccin neoliberal. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 121 p. 7901. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Economa ecuatoriana, 1992-1994: crisis, ajustes y renegociacin. Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1994. 191 p. 7902. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Economa ecuatoriana, algunos de sus problemas y la poltica econmica reciente. Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 209 p. 7903. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Economa ecuatoriana, problemas, tendencias y proyecciones, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1984. 265 p. 7904. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. La economa ecuatoriana sigui deteriorada en 1985. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1986. 49 p. 7905. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Ecuador, perspectivas de desarrollo (lineamientos bsicos) . Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992. 49 p. 7906. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Evaluacin del Plan de transformacin y desarrollo del Ecuador, 1973-1977: visin general. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1978. 63 p. 7907. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. El modelo tradicional de crecimiento primario exportador. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1993. 87 p. Includes a separate study by Vicua Izquierdo and Carlos Len Gonzlez on Los efectos del petroleo en la economa y sociedad ecuatoriana. 7908. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo. Los planes de desarrollo del Ecuador no han sido tomados en cuenta por los gobiernos a lo largo de medio siglo. Guayaquil: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1982. 47, [6] p. 7909. Vicua Izquierdo, Leonardo; and Rolando Vicua Izquierdo. El Ecuador, sus recursos y la produccin: sntesis. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1992. 73 p. 7910. Villalobos, Fabio. La industrializacin ecuatoriana y la utilizacin de los recursos productivos, 1976-1983, 1 ed. Quito: Facultad Latinoamericano de Ciencias Sociales, 1987. 148 p. 7911. Vivar Castro, Jos Mara. Estudios econmico-sociales del Ecuador: reforma agraria. Loja: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo de Loja, 1961. xxv, 461 p. 7912. Vos, Rob. Ecuador, Windfall Gains, Unbalanced Growth, and Stabilization, Financing Economic Development: A Structural A pproach to Monetary Policy, edited by E.V.K. Fitzgerald and Rob Vos (Aldershot, Eng.: Gower Publishing House Ltd., 1989), p. 187-232.

7913. Vos, Rob. Industrializacin, empleo y necesidades bsicas en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora nacional; FLACSO, Sede Quito, 1987. 168 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 14) 7914. Vos, Rob. Petrleo, estado y cambio agrario: Ecuador 1972-1984, Transformaciones agrarias en el Ecuador (item 7877), p. 15-35. 7915. Watkins, Ralph J. Expanding Ecuadors Exports: A Commodity-by-Commodity Study with Projections to 1973. New York: Praeger, 1967. xii, 430 p. 7916. Whitaker, Morris D.; Dale Colyer; and Jaime Alzamora. El rol de la agricultura en el desarrollo econmico del Ecuador: un diagnstico del sector agrcola del Ecuador. Quito: Instituto de Estrategias Agropecuarias, 1990. xxxvi, 566 p. 7917. Witzenhausen, Jutta; and Guenter Rommel. Una visin sobre las relaciones econmicas ecuatoriano-alemanas. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales ILDIS: Fundacin Friedrich Ebert, 1980. 220 p. 7918. Wood, Harold A. Spontaneous Agricultural Colonization in Ecuador, A nnals of the A ssociation of A merican Geographers, 62:4 (Dec. 1972), 599-617. 7919. Younger, Stephen D. The Economic Impact of Foreign Debt Bail-out for Private Firms in Ecuador, Journal of Development Studies, 29:3 (Apr. 1993), 484-503. Analyzes effects of the general foreign debt conversion program (i.e., the sucretizacin of the 1980s) on the financial position of private firms. Author argues that governments bail-out of the private sector was unnecessary. 7920. Younger, Stephen D. La fuga de capitales en el Ecuador, Cuestiones econmicas (ene. 1990), 49-87. 7921. Zapata Navarro, Bernardo. Descripcin de las principales pesqueras pelgicas del Ecuador, Contribuciones para el estudio de la pesca artesanal en A mrica Latina: Proceedings of the Mini-Symposium on Small-Scale Fisheries of the 46th International Congress of A mericanists, 4-8 July 1988, A msterdam, T he N etherlands, edited by Max Agero (Manila: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1992), p. 37-55. 7922. Zevallos, Jos V. Agrarian Reform and Structural Change: Ecuador since 1964, Searching for A grarian Reform in Latin A merica, edited by William C. Thiesenhusen (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989), p. 42-69. Also published in Spanish as: Reforma agraria y cambio estructural: Ecuador desde 1964, Ecuador debate, 20 (1990), 23-68. 7923. Ziss, Roland. Efectos econmicos de la construccin de la vivienda en el Ecuador, Demografa y economa (Mxico, D.F.), 14:43 (1980), 325-348. 7924. Las Zonas socio-econmicas actuales homogneas de la costa, preparado por Departamento de Socio-Economa. Quito: M.A.G., Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; O.R.S.T.O.M., 1979. 178 p. Preparado por Manuel Ramos P., Enmanuel Faouroux [sic] -- [v].

7925. Las Zonas socio-econmicas actuales homogneas de la regin amazonica ecuatoriana, preparado por Departamento de Socio-Economa. Quito: M.A.G., Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; O.R.S.T.O.M., 1979. 112 p. Preparado por: Ing. Manuel Ramos P., Dr. Enmanuel Faoroux [sic] -- Prelim. 7926. Las Zonas socio-econmicas actuales homogneas de la sierra, preparado por Departamento de Socio-Economa. Quito: M.A.G., Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria; O.R.S.T.O.M., 1979. 194 p. Preparado por: Ing. Manuel Ramos P., Dr. Enmanuel Faouroux [sic]--prelim. 7927. Zuquilanda, Manuel. Tradicin y actualidad en el agro serrano. Quito: CEDIME, 1988. 52 p. Also published in a Quichua edition: Chiri llactacunapi naupapish cunan pachacunapish tarpuicunamanta = Tradicin y actualidad en el agro serrano, [traducido por Arturo Len B. con la colaboracin de Alejandro Lema]. Quichua shimipi suc niqui quillcaimi = 1 ed. en quichua. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989 62 p. 7928. Zuvekas, Clarence, Jr. Determining Agricultural Growth Rates in Less Developed Countries: The Case of Ecuador, Inter-A merican Economic A ffairs, 27:2 (Autumn 1973), 67-83. 7929. Zuvekas, Clarence, Jr. T he Ecuadorean Devaluation of 1970: Causes and Consequences. Buffalo: State University of New York, 1973. 55 p. 7930. Zuvekas, Clarence, Jr. The Ecuadorean Economy in the 1960s, University of Missouri Business and Government Review, 9:5 (Sept./Oct. 1968), 11-18.

ETHN OGRAPHY Students of the second half of the twentieth century will find the following community and other ethnographic studies of the peoples of Ecuador of considerable interest. A note of caution is in order, however. Although what anthropologists have to say about the present and recent past of communities and ethnic groups they study appears to be well grounded for the most part, all too often they have not done their homework when it comes to the history of the country or region at large and the specific past of said communities and ethnic groups. Therefore some of what ethnographers allege to be historically valid in said works is not only incorrect but sometimes misleading. Having said that, I hasten to add that some historians do not always do their homework as well as they should either. More importantly, anthropologists frequently ask question, important questions, that historians often overlook. Ethnohistory, for example, especially in the case of Ecuador, is much more the result of the concerns and inquiries of anthropologists than it is of historians. For a more complete guide to pre-1966 publications on ethnography and related subjects see the 3 ed. of Carlos Manuel Larreas Bibliografa cientfica (item 112), and for additional post1965 works, Olaf Holms several supplements to Larrea (items 95-99).

GEN ERAL AN D MISCELLAN EOU S WORKS

7931. Alcina Franch, Jos. El proceso de prdida de la identidad cultural entre los indios del Ecuador, Cuadernos hispano-americanos, 428 (feb. 1986), 91-108. 7932. Allard, Pierre; and Philippe Luzuy. Faces of Bronce. New York: Universe Books, 1960. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. A photographic account of the Cayapas, Colorados, Jivaros--i.e., Chachis, Tsatchilas,Shuar-and Otavaleos (Ecuador) and of the Chipayas and Yuras (Bolivia). 7933. Almedia Vinueza, Jos. Identidades indias en el Ecuador contemporaneo. Quito: AbyaYala, 1995. 433 p. (Pueblos del Ecuador; 4). 7934. A ntropologa poltica en el Ecuador: perspectivas desde las culturas indgenas, Jeffrey Ehrenreich, (compilador), 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 294 p. A major anthology of studies of politics at the national as well as ethnic group level from the anthropological perspective. Originally published in English (see item 7956). The Spanish edition, however, includes an added Introduccin. Contents: Jeffrey Ehrenreich, Introduccin (p. 15-27); Louisa Stark, El rol de la mujer en los levantamientos campesinos de las altas llanuras del Ecuador (p. 35-56); Jeffrey Ehrenreich, Aislamiento, retiro y clandestinidad: comportamiento falso entre los indios Coaiquer del Ecuador (p. 57-90); John E. Hudelson, Los Quichuas de las tierras bajas como una tribu (p. 91-112); Frank Salomon, La furia de Andrs Arvalo: envoltorio de enfermedades de un shaman andino colonial (p. 115-137); Judith Kempf, Poltica de curacin entre los indios Coaiquer (p. 139-159); E. Jean Langdon, Poder y autoridad en el proceso poltico Siona: desarrollo y muerte del shaman (p. 161-188); Leo R. Chavez, Seguir adelante: la tica empresarial y el comportamiento poltico entre los tejedores comerciales de Otavalo (p. 191224); Barbara Butler, Tradicionalismo ideolgico y flexibilidad pragmtica en la poltica interna de una comunidad indgena otavalea (p. 225-252); and Pita Kelekna, El comercio achuara: contrapeso y complemento para la guerra (p. 253-294). 7935. Ayala Mora, Enrique. Las nacionalidades indgenas en el Ecuador: contribucin para su estudio. Ibarra: Corporacin Imbabura, 1991. 44 p. 7936. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Etnologa ecuatoriana. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crdito Educativo y Becas, 1986-<1988>. <9> v. Inasmuch as no further vols. appear to have been published in this set, it may be complete as is. Contents: 1. Colorados; 2. Shuaras; 3. Otavalos; 4. Cayapas o Chachis; 5. Saraguros; 6. Huaorani (A ucas) ; v. 7. Awa-kuaikeres; 8. Salasacas; 9. Cofanes. 7937. La Cuestin indgena en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Investigaciones de la Realidad Ecuatoriana, 1984. 146 p.

Contents: Roberto Santana, Actualidad de una confrontacin; Oswaldo Albornoz Peralta, Sobre algunos aspectos del problema indgena; Francisco Rhon Proao, La visin indigenista de R. Santana; Jaime Galarza Zavala, La vida misma; Luciano Martnez Valle, Modernizacin agraria y economa campesina; Philippe Descola, Limitaciones ecolgicas y sociales del desarrollo de la Amazonia. 7938. Cuestiones indgenas del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1946. 302 p. Published for the Instituto Indigenista del Ecuador. An anthology of standard, and in some instances now classic, studies. Contents: Pio Jaramillo Alvarado, El indio, problema continental,; Anbal Buitrn, La antropologa y el problema del indio en Amrica; Gonzalo Rubio Orbe, Organizacin escolar para grupos indgenas; Vctor Gabriel Garcs, La industria del indio; Luis Monsalve Pozo, La industria de sombreros de paja toquilla; Aquiles R. Perz T., Los tributos de nuestros indios; Carlos Andrade Marn, El indio y el seguro social campesino; Humberto Garca Ortiz, Organizacin administrativa de los grupos indgenas; Brbara Salisbury Buitrn, Transcripcin fontica de las lenguas indgenas del Nuevo Mundo; Gerardo Falconi R., Msica y danzas folklricas; Joaqun Santa Cruz, Sntesis pre-histrica del indio ecuatoriano; Luis A. Len, Breves consideraciones sobre la patologa del indio en el Ecuador; Luis A. Len, Bibliografa nacional y extranjera sobre el indio ecuatoriano. 7939. Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador, edited by Norman E. Whitten, Jr. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981. xvii, 811 p. A major anthology of twenty-seven essays, mostly by antropologists, on cultural change and continuity, ethnicity and race relations in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. At least thirteen of the contributions have also been published in Spanish (see items 7965 and 8128). 7940. Ecuador indgena: antropologa y relaciones intertnicas, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1990. 144 p. The fourth issue of Ecuador indgena. 7941. Ecuador indgena: simbolismo y cotidianidad, Marlusz S. Zilkowski [et al.], 1 ed. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; Quito: Edciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 133 p. The first issue of Ecuador indgena. Contents: Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros, Apuntes sobre la artesana textil de Otavalo; Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, El Ecuador, una nacin heterognea; Elizabeth Rohr, Mujeres y resistencia; Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, Simbolismo y fenomenologa musical; Segundo E. Moreno Yanez, La cultura en el Ecuador; William Belzner, El poder del sonido en los ritos chamnicos entre los runas de la Amazonia ecuatoriana; Yuri Zubritski, Las funciones sociales en la lengua quechua en el area Otavalo-Cotacachi; Mabel Preloran, Los sueos en la cultura otavalea; Mariusz S. Zilkowski, La piedra del suelo. 7942. Etnia en el Ecuador: situaciones y anlisis, Jos Mora Domo [et al.]. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1984. 182 p.

7943. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. Notes to Accompany a Present Day Ethnic Map of Ecuador, El Palacio, 54:7 (July 1947), 155-168. 7944. Gallegos Lara, Joaquin. Biografa del pueblo indio, con un estudio preliminar por Jorge Enrique Adoum. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1952. 68 p. 7945. Ibarra Illez, Alicia. Los indgenas y el Estado en el Ecuador: la prctica neoindigenista. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 261 p. 7946. Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas: entre el enigma y la fascinacin: una antologa de textos sobre el problema indgena, introduccin, seleccin y notas: Jorge Trujillo; prlogo: Simn Espinosa. Quito: ILDIS: Abya-Yala, 1993. 740 p. What emerges quite clearly from this illuminating selection of writings on the Indian problem is how much the other has been misperceived and misdescribed even by nominally sympathetic but culturally myopic scholars. 7947. Indios, tierra y utopia: los mejores trabajos del 40 concurso de testimonios y 10 de dibujo y pintura indgena: A 500 aos de resistencia, nuestros mayores cuentan su vida, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIS-CONAIE, 1992. 58 p. A set of prize winning personal testimonies collected by indigenous historians from the Provinces of Bolvar and Imbabura and of prize winning paintings by indigenous artists from the Provinces of Azuay, Bolvar, Cotopoxi, and Imbabura. The conference was sponsored by the Confederacin de Nacionalidades Indgenas del Ecuador. 7948. Jaramillo Alvarado, Pio. El indio ecuatoriano: contribucin al estudio de la sociologa indoamericana, prlogo de Gonzalo Rubio Orbe, 6a ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1983. 2 v. Realizada a base de la versin final publicada por el autor ...: (i.e., the 4 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 526 p.). The first edition, the pioneering statement of indigenismo in Ecuador, appeared in 1922 (Quito: Impr. de la Edit. Quito; ciii, 227 p.) and is available in a photofacsimile reprint: Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. An exceptionally influential work. Jaramillo Alvarado (1889-1968) is frequently said to have been the founder and was the de facto leader of indigenismo in Ecuador for many years. But the Liberal ideologue Abelardo Moncayo (1847-1917) preceded Jaramillo Alvardo as a spokesperson for Indians and the abolition of concertaje. Both men believed that the salvation of Indians lay in their incorporation into modern Western society and culture. El indio ecuatoriano is less important as a study of Indo-American sociology than as an articulation of the salvation mentality of the indigenismo movement. 7949. Maiguashca, Segundo B. El indio, cerebro y corazn de A mrica: incorporacin a la cultura nacional. Quito: Edit. Fray Jodoco Ricke, 1949. 140 p. Although Maiguaschca also favored assimilation into national culture, he took a somewhat different tack. Being himself an Indian, Maiguaschca advocated the creation of favorable opportunities for indigenes so that they could acculturate on their own. 7950. Marzal, Manuel Mara. El indio y la tierrra en el Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 23:1 (ene./mar. 1963), 7-30.

7951. N uevas investigaciones antropolgicas ecuatorianas, Lauris McKee y Silvia Argello, editoras. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 339 p. Consists of ponencias antropolgicas presentadas en el 45o Congreso de Americanistas en Bogot, Colombia en el ao de 1985. Contents: Diego A. Iturralde G., Notas para una historia poltica del campesinado ecuatoriano (p. 29-88); Will F. Waters, La propiedad de la tierra y la forma de produccin: estructura y transformacin en el Cantn Salcedo, Ecuador (p. 89-123); Cheryl Pomeroy, Fincas familiares multizonales en la vertiente occidental de los Andes ecuatorianos (Provincia de Bolvar) (p. 125-151); Luz del Alba Moya Torres, El abastecimiento y la comercializacin en los mercados de Quito (p. 153-174); Philippe Cazamajor DArtois, La red de mercados y ferias de Quito (p. 175-185); Michael Tousigmant, La teora quichua de las emociones: un ejemplo de la Provincia de Bolvar, Ecuador (p. 189-198); Silvia Argello Meja, Etiologa de la medicina tradicional ecuatoriana: el caso del mal aire (p. 199-208); Lauris McKee, Tratamiento etnomdico de las enfermedades diarricas de los nios en la sierra del Ecuador (p. 209-233); Ruth Moya, El pueblo Awa Coayquer: desarrollo y desafo (p. 235-269); Rachel Novotny, Alimentacin, salud y estado nutricional del nio preescolar en la sierra ecuatoriana (p. 271-308); Lauris McKee, Controles tradicionales de la reproduccin en la sierra ecuatoriana: efectos en la estructura demogrfica (p. 311-321); Filmes etnogrficos presentados en el 45 Congreso de Americanistas (p. 323-331; Silvia Argello Meja, Otros filmes producidos por el Museo Arqueolgico del Banco Central (p. 333-339). 7952. Paredes, Angel Modesto. Problemas etnolgicos indoamericanos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1947. 214 p. 7953. Paul Rivet, 1876-1976: seleccin de estudios cientficos y biogrficos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1977. 365 p. 7954. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Comunas jurdicamente organizadas. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1962. 159 p. (Llacta; no. 15). A useful guide to incorporated communities as of 1961. At that time there were 1,192 legally recognized comunas. Includes some historical data. 7955. Prez T., Aquiles R. A s han vivido nuestros indios. Quito: Tall. Grf. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1943. 62 p. 7956. Political A nthropology of Ecuador: Perspectives from Indigenous Cultures, edited and with an introduction by Jeffrey Ehrenreich. Albany, N.Y .: Society for Latin American Anthropology: SUNY, Center for Caribbean and Latin America, 1985. 256 p. Contents: Louisa Stark, The Role of Women in Peasant Uprisings in the Ecuadorian Highlands (p. 3-23); Jeffrey Ehrenreich, Isolation, Retreat and Secrecy: Dissembly Behavior among the Coaiquer Indians (p. 25-57); John Hudelson. The Lowland Quichua as Tribe (p. 59-79); Frank Salomon, The Fury of Andrs Arevalo: Disease Bundles of a Colonial Andean Shaman (p. 83-105); Judith Kempf, The Politics of Caring among the Coaiquer Indians (p. 107-128); E. Jean Langdon, Power and Authority in Siona Political Process: The Rise and Demise of the Shaman (p. 129-156); Leo R. Chavez, To Get Ahead: The Entrepreneurial

Ethic and Political Behavior among Commercial Weavers in Otavalo (p. 159-189); Barbara Butler, Ideological Traditionalism and Pragmatic Flexibility in the Internal Politics of an Otavalo Indian Community (p. 191-216); Pita Kelekna, Achuara Trade: Counterpoise and Complement to War (p. 217-256). Also published in Spanish (see item 7934). 7957. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. A spectos indgenas. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1965. 372 p. Includes a lengthy chapter on indgenas del Ecuador, a general essay on the history and the current situation of autochthonous ethnic groups in the country. 7958. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Promociones indgenas en A mrica. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 404 p. The section on Ecuador (pages 303-404) focuses on the Canton of Otavalo--of which Rubio Orbe was a native son--and discusses the impact of religious missions on the Otavaleos. It will be recalled that heretofore Rubio Orbes field work had been limited to this group (see his book on Punyaro [item 8104]). 7959. Senz, Moises. Sobre el indio ecuatoriano y su incorporacin al medio nacional. Mxico, D.F.: Publicaciones de la Secretara de Educacin Pblica, 1933. xvi, 195 p. The work of a Mexican scholar. Not necessarily any less paternalistic than his Ecuadorian counterparts, at least Senz undertook actual field work and presented Ecuadorian Indians in a somewhat favorable light, finding Otavaleos and Saraguros to be especially valuable elements for the nation. 7960. Salz, Beate R. T he Human Element in Industrialization: A Hypothetical Case Study of Ecuadorian Indians. Menasha, Wis.: American Anthropological Association , 1955. ix, 265 p. (Memoir; no. 85). The authors doctoral dissertation: 1950. New School for Social Research. Salzs The Sources: Their Treatment and Use (p. 220-229) is highly recommended for anyone contemplating research in the Humanities or the Social Sciences on Ecuador. Chapters 9-11 (p. 107-158) have been published in Spanish as: El uso del tiempo: hbitos de trabajo y modalidades de trabajo, Indianistas, indianofilos, indigenistas (item 7946), p. 117-205. 7961. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Estrategas de supervivencia en la comunidad indgena. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1984. 290 p. 7962. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Transformaciones socio culturales y educacin indgena, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1993. 162 p. 7963. Santa Cruz, Joaqun. Los indgenas del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 92 p. 7964. Santana, Roberto. Les Indiens dEquateur, citoyens dans lethnicit? Paris: Editions du Centre national de la recherche scientifique, 1992. 240 p.

A solid study of the politicization of indigenes in the late twentieth-century. Argues that modern indigenous organizations should be interpreted as catalysts for overhauling the national political system, resulting in the creation of a true multiethnic nation. 7965. Temas sobre la continuidad y adaptacin cultural ecuatoriana, [editores], Marcelo F. Naranjo, Jos L. Pereira V., Norman E. Whitten Jr, 2 ed. Quito: Universidad Catlica, 1984. 195 p. Consists mostly of Spanish version of contributions to Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939). At least one of the chapters, however, is new. See also item 8127. 7966. Tripp, Robert. Anthropology and On-Farm Research, Human Organization, 44:2 (Summer 1985), 114-124. Discusses the role of anthropology in on-farm research as applied to Ecuador. The research was conducted by national agronomists and the author, an anthropologist, during the late 1970s.

LITTORAL

As of the late 1990s, there does not appear to have been an ethnography of the coast or of either of its component regions (i.e., the North Coast and the Central-South Coast). There were/are ethnographies and other studies, however, of the Afro-Ecuadorians of Esmeraldas (listed in the Historia regional y estudios relacionados: Costa norte subsection) and of the three indigenous groups who maintain a separate identity (i.e., the Awa / Coaiquer, the Chachis (formerly known as Cayapas), and the Tsachilas (formerly known as Colorados), listed below. The ethnography of the cholos of Manab remained terra incognita. Fortunately, however, the ethnohistory as well as the ethnography of the indigenous peoples, descendants of the Huancavilcas, of Santa Elena has begun to be studied (see especially Silvia G. Alvarezs book and articles [items 5916-5918]). No anthropological or sociological literature on the montubios of the Guayas River Basin existed/exists either.

AWA / COAIQU ER

Variant spellings: Cuaiquer, Quaiquer, Kwaiker. Members of this ethic group usually refer to themselves as Awa in Ecuador and as Coaiquer or Cuaiquer in Colombia. See also the chapters by Jeffrey Ehrenreich and Judith Kempf in Political A nthropology of Ecuador (item 7956) and the Spanish version thereof, A ntropologa poltica en el Ecuador (item 7934), by Ruth Moya in N uevas investigaciones antropolgicas ecuatorianas (item 7951), and Kempfs doctoral dissertation The Dynamics of Culture and Health (item 8571).

7967. Cern Solarte, Benhur. Los Awa-Kwaiker: un grupo indgena de la selva pluvial del Pacfico nariense y el noroccidente ecuatoriano. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 304 p. Apparently the first detailed ethnography, at least in print, of this little known group. Includes a chapter, Elementos que permiten acercarnos a la evolucin histrica del grupo indgena Kwaike (p. 195-240) on their history. 7968. Ehrenreich, Jeffrey. Contacto y conflicto: el impacto de la aculturacin entre los Coaiquer del Ecuador, traduccin de Hctor Dueas. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1989. 303 p. The Spanish version of the authors doctoral dissertation: Contact and Conflict: An Ethnographic Inquiry into the Impact of Racism, Ethnocide and Social Change on the Egalitarian Coaiquer Indians of Ecuador. 1984. xiv, 380 leaves. New School for Social Research. Includes an outline of the history of this ethnic group. 7969. Ehrenreich, Jeffrey. Lifting the Burden of Secrecy: The Emergence of the Awa Biosphere Reserve, Latin A merican A nthropology Review, 1:2 (1989), 49-54. On the political and social structure of the Coaiquer and the creation by the Ecuadorian government of the Awa Ethnic and Forestry Preserve. 7970. Ortiz, Sergio Elas. The Modern Quillacinga, Pasto and Coaiquer, Handbook of South A merican Indians, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: Bureau of American Ethnology, 1946), p. 961-968. 7971. Villareal, Carlos Alberto. La crisis de la supervivencia del pueblo Awa. Quito: ILDIS: I.E.E., 1986. 71 p.

CHACHIS (Cayapas)

There is some confusion in the literature as to the name of this group. Traditionally known to the outside world as Cayapas, nowadays they are increasingly referred to either as Chachis--their own designate for their language--or as Chachillas --their name for themselves as a people. See also items 1094 and 1095, and Warren R. DeBoers Returning to Pueblo Viejo: History and Archaeology of the Chachi, Ecuador, A rchaeology in the Lowland A merican tropics: Current A nalytical Methods and A pplications, edited by Peter W. Stahl (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 243-262. The history of this group has barely begun to be studied, but see: Josefa Palop Martnezs Los Cayapas en el siglo XVI (item 1094), and her Territorio y sociedad entre los Cayapas del siglo XVI (item 1095). 7972. Altschuler, Milton. The Cayapa: A Study in Legal Behavior. 1964. iii, 250 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Minnesota. 7973. Altschuler, Milton. The Sacred and the Profane Realms of Cayapa Law, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 8:1 (Mar. 1967), 44-54.

7974. Barrett, Samuel Alfred. T he Cayapa Indians of Ecuador. New York: Heye Foundation, 1925. 2 v. Based on field work undertaken in 1908 and 1909. Also published in Spanish as: Los indios Cayapas del Ecuador. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 7975. Carrasco A., Eulalia. El pueblo Chachi: el jeengume avanza. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1983. 219 p. 7976. Holm-Nielsen, Lauritz; and Anders Barfod. Las investigaciones etnobotnicas entre los Cayapas y los Coaiqueres: segundo informe preliminar, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 4:4 (1984), 107-128. 7977. Illanes L., Lewis. Realidad chachi: mal llamados Cayapas. [S.l.: s.n.], 1984. 160 p. 7978. Medina V., Henry. Los Chachi: supervivencia y ley tradicional, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 141 p. 7979. Mitlewski, Bernd. Pesca cayapa, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 5:5 (1985), 6386.

TSACHILAS (Colorados)

Variant spelling: Tsatchilas. On the ethnohistory of this ethnic group, including the southern branch centered on Angamarca in the Corregimiento of (La)Tacunga during the colonial period, see: Montserrat Ventura i Oller. En el camino: los Tsachila en el complejo tnico de la selva occidental del Ecuador, in: Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa (1 : 1993: Barcelona, Espaa). Primer Encuentro de Investigadores de la Costa Ecuatoriana en Europa: arqueologa, etnohistoria, antropologa sociocultural, [edicin de] Alvarez, Aurelio [et al.]. 1 ed. (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995), p. 433-465.

7980. Astondoa Ruiz, Ramn. El olvido del tiempo hallado: el lenguaje total entre indgenas. Bogot: Ediciones Paulinas, 1974. 158 p. 7981. Calazacn, Catalina; and Dolores Orazona. Yo imin tasachi cuwenta layacajon pila, traduccin de los textos al espaol por Ramn Aguavil Calazacn y Fernando Avils Garaicoa. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca, 1982. xvi, 330 p. Consists of fifty Tsachila legends in the vernacular and Spanish. Both this and item 7985 are also compilations of oral historical sources. 7982. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Los indios colorados. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1965. 221 p. (Llacta; no. 21) Reprint (p. 1-92); originally published: Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1956. (Llacta; no. 1). 7983. Elliot, Elisabeth. T hese Strange A shes. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. 132 p.

A pseudo-ethnographic account by a Protestant missionary. 7984. Holm-Nielsen, Lauritz; Lars Peter Kvist; and Manuel Aguavil. Las investigaciones etnobotnicas entre los Colorados y los Coaiqueres: informe preliminar, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 3:3 (1983), 89-116. 7985. Iluson: kuwenta layakajun pila, Catalina Calazacn [et al.]; traduccin de los textos al espaol por Alfonso Aguavil, Primitivo Aguavil, ed. bilinge colorado-espaol. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico y Pinacoteca, Banco Central del Ecuador, 1985. xxiii, 318 p. Cover title: Iluson: 50 leyendas de los indios colorados. Publishes fifty additional Tsachila leyends in Colorado and Spanish. 7986. Moore, Bruce R. El cambio cultural entre los Colorados de Santo Domingo. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1979. 51 p. 7987. Rivet, Paul. Les indiens colorados: rcit de voyage et tude ethnologique, Journal de la Socit des amricanistes, 2 (1905), 117-208. For the Spanish version see item 7988. 7988. Tsachila: los clsicos de la etnografa sobre los Colorados (1905-1950) , Paul Rivet [et al.], Jos E. Juncosa [editor], 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 162 p. Contents: Paul Rivet, Los indios colorados (1905); Rafael Karsten, Los indios colorados del oeste ecuatoriano (1924); Wolfgang Von Hagen, Los indios tsatchela del oeste ecuatoriano (1939); Antonio Santiana, Los indios colorados (1950). 7989. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. T he Tsatchela Indians of Western Ecuador. New York: Museum of the America Indian, Heye Foundation, 1939. ix, 79 p. Based on a nine week stay among the Tsachila in 1936. For the Spanish version see item 7988.

HIGHLAN DS

The majority of the ethnic groups in the highlands apparently lost their distinctive identity sometime during the second half of the colonial period, becoming simply Indians--a phenomenon that has yet to be studied in depth and not incidentally, verified and refined-subsequently campesinos or peasants in the second half of the twentieth century, at least in the social scientific literature, and indgenas in the 1980s and 1990s. The known exceptions are the Otavaleos, the Salasacas, possibly the Caaris, and the Saraguros. Others distinct groups, however, may emerge as the ethnography of sierra, especially of the central sierra, becomes better known. As of the late 1990s, apparently the only ethnography of an indigenous community in Cotopaxi, for example, was Mary J. Weismantels study of Zumbagua (item 8064). Insofar as Tungurahua is concerned, only the Salasacas had been studied in some depth (see items 8111-8114 and 8661), but there appear to have been at least two other distinct ethnic groups in the province, the Chibuleo and the Llangahua, neither of which had been studied

sufficiently. Whereas the indigenous communities of central Chimborazo have been more or less well researched (see items 5130-5132, 6181, 8037, 8038, and 8330) to the point where they are sometimes referred to as Colta Indians, those of eastern and southern Chimborazo remained largely unknown. The same held true for the Province of Bolvar.

7990. Aguil, Federico. El hombre del Chimborazo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 315 p. Also available in a 2 ed. 1987. 319 p. 7991. Aguil, Federico. El hombre del Chimborazo y su mundo interior. Cuenca: CREA, 1978. 566 p. 7992. Aguirre Palma, Boris. Cosmovisin andina: una aproximacin a la religiosidad indgena. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 48 p. 7993. Aguirre Palma, Boris. Religiosidad del campesino de Oton. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 104 p. Oton is a community in the Canton of Cayambe, Province of Pichincha. 7994. Arus de Galarza, Margarita. Caspigas: vivencia y testimonio. Guayaquil: Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 1985. 164 p. 7995. Archetti, Eduardo P. El mundo social y simblico del cuy. Quito: Centro de Planificacin y Estudios Sociales (CEPLAES), 1992. 167 p. Also published in English as: Guinea-pigs: Food, Symbol and Conflict of Knowledge in Ecuador, translated by Valentian Napolitano and Peter Worsley. Oxford: Berg, 1997. 150 p. 7996. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. El indio en la Provincia de Cotopaxi. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1976. 143 p. 7997. Barriga Lpez, Franklin. Los mitos en la regin andina. Quito: Instituto Andino de Artes Populares del Convenio Andrs Bello, 1984. 145 p. 7998. Barsky, Osvaldo. Iniciativa terrateniente en la reestructuracin de las relaciones sociales en la sierra ecuatoriana, 1959-1964, Revista ciencias sociales, 2:5 (1978), 74-126. 7999. Beals, Ralph L. Acculturation, Economics, and Social Change in an Ecuadorian Village, A cculturation in the A mericas: Proceedings and Selected Papers of the XXIX th International Congress of A mericanists, edited by Sol Tax (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1952), p. 6773. On Nayn, then a rural community in the vicinity of Quito. 8000. Beals, Ralph L. Community in Transition: N ayn, Ecuador. Los Angeles: Latin American Center, University of California, 1966. 233 p. When Beals first studied this community (Dec. 1948-July 1949), Nayn was a rural parish in the suburbs of Quito (see item 7999). Subsequently Nayn was absorbed by the city.

8001. Bonifaz, Emilio. Los indgenas de altura del Ecuador, 4 ed. Quito: Politcnica, 1982. 260 p. Maintains that Andeans are biologically inferior to Europeans. Not surprising inasmuch as Bonifaz was an amateur anthropologist and archaeologist and a member of the traditional elite. Some of the data Bonifaz brings to bear, based on first hand observations as well as extensive reading of the literature, however, are useful. 8002. Botero, Luis Fernando. Chimborazo de los indios: estudios antropolgicos, 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1990. 220 p. 8003. Botero, Luis Fernando. Indios, tierra y cultura, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 246 p. A study of Indian communities and culture in the Province of Chimborazo. 8004. Bourque, L. Nicole. Developing People and Plants: Life-Cycle and Agricultural Festivals in the Andes, Ethnology, 34:1 (Winter 1995), 75-87. 8005. Bourque, L. Nicole. Spatial Meaning in Andean Festivals: Corpus Christi and Octavo, Ethnology, 33:3 (Summer 1994), 229-243. Items 8004 and 8005 are studies of life-cycles and festivals in the Indian community of Sucre in the central highlands. Based on field work conducted in 1989 and 1990. 8006. Buitrn, Anbal; and Barbara Salisbury Buitrn. El campesino de la Provincia de Pichincha. Quito: Impr. de la Caja del Seguro, 1947. 103 p. 8007. Burgos Guevara, Hugo. Relaciones intertnicas en Riobamba: dominio y dependencia en una regin indgena ecuatoriana. Mxico: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, 1970. xiii, 390 p. 8008. Calidad de vida: siete ensayos de investigacin en la sierra norte del Ecuador, XIII Curso Internacional de Geografa Aplicada. Quito: Centro Panamericano de Estudios e Investigaciones Geogrficas, 1986. 175 p. Partial contents: Csar Machado de Oliveira, Roger Montao Albn, and Ramiro Herrera Solano, Salinas: contrates y perspectivas de una calidad de vida (p. 21-38); Patricio Garzn, Vctor Cantn O., and Jorge Quezada, Penurias de la calidad de vida en un relecto colonial: el caso de Quito (p. 41-69); Violette Pedneault, Claudette Pierre Louis, and Jos E. Dvila Lpez, Artificialidad y dependencia en las calidades de vida: Tabacundo y las comunidades de Picalqu y San Francisco de Cajas (p. 73-87); Clara Ventura Daz R., San Rafael. un suburbio quiteo: antagonismos entre requerimientos y satisfacciones de una mejor calidad de vida (p. 91-101); Cristina Prez Resines, Manuel Gonzlez Zumrraga, and Tany Sojo de Cedeo, Calidades de vida impactadas por la industria: la micro regin agropecuaria de Tanicuchi (p. 103-126); Carlos Aguilln, Isabel Mara Chacn Vega, and Jos Amable Salazar, Huachi Grande: la calidad de vida en una micro regin de policultivo comercial en el suburbio ambateo (p. 127144); Nelva Oris Estrella, Anbal Jara Andino, and Denis Romn Vera, Calidad de vida en una micro regin rural de contrastes: Tisaleo y Chilco La Esperanza (p. 147-161). 8009. Campaa, Vctor. Fiesta y poder: la celebracin de Rey de Reyes en Riobamba, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 187 p.

A study of folk Catholicism in Riobamba as manifested in the celebration of Epiphany. 8010. Carpenter, Lawrence Kidd. Inside/Outside, Which Side Counts?: Duality-of-Self and Bipartization in Quechua, A ndean Cosmologies through Time: Persistence and Emergence, edited by Robert V.H. Dover, Katehrine E. Seibold, and John H. McDowell (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1992), p. 115-136. A study of the Andean concept that individuals possess two selves, an interior, uncontrollable self, and an exterior, controllable self. 8011. Casagrande, Joseph B. Strategies for Survival: The Indians of Highland Ecuador, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 260-277. Examines differences in the adaptive strategies various groups have evolved to defend themselves against the pressures of the dominant society. The communities studied are Peguche (Otavaleo), Atahualpa (Cayambe Canton, Pichincha Province), Salasaca, San Francisco (Riobamba valley), Guabug (also Riobamba valley), and Saraguro. Reprinted from: Contemporary Cultures and Societies of Latin A merica, 2d ed., edited by Dwight Heath (New York: Random House, 1974), p. 93-107. Also published in Spanish as: Estrategias para sobrevivir: los indgenas de la sierra, Temas sobre la continuidad y adaptacin cultural ecuatoriana (item 7965), p. 73-96. 8012. Casagrande, Joseph B.; and Arthur R. Piper. La transformacin estructural de una parroquia rural en las tierras altas del Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 29:4 (oct./dic. 1969), 10391064. A study of the impact of the Agrarian Reform of 1962 and other developments of the 1960s on the economic, political, and social structure of the parish of San Juan in the Province of Chimborazo. 8013. Commander, Simon; and Peter Peek. Oil Exports, Agrarian Change, and the Rural Labor Process: the Ecuadorian Sierra in the 1970s, World Development, 14:1 (Jan. 1986), 79-96. 8014. Compadres y priostes: la fiesta andina como espacio de memoria y resistencia cultural, Luis Fernando Botero, compilador, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 148 p. 8015. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo. Karapungo. Mxico, D.F.: Instituto Panamericano de Geografa e Historia, 1960. [171] p. (Plan piloto del Ecuador: Seccin de antropologa [continuacin]; p. [190]-361) An ethnographic study of rural Pichincha. Based on field work conducted in the late 1950s. 8016. Costales Samaniego, Alfredo; and Andr Theisen. A rea de Pimampiro. Quito: Oficina de Investigaciones Sociales, Misin Andina del Ecuador, 1970. 103 p. 8017. Crain, Mary M. Peasant Ideological Practices and the Political Process in Highland Ecuador, Production and A utonomy: A nthropological Studies and Critiques of Development, edited by John W. Bennett and John R. Bowen (Lanham, MD.: University Press of America, 1988), p. 219-238.

8018. Crain, Mary M. Poetics and Politics in the Ecuadorian Andes: Womens Narratives of Death and Devil Possession, A merican Ethnologist, 18:1 (Feb. 1991), 67-89. The analysis focuses on the ways in which peasant cosmology and gender and class ideologies are inscribed in . . . devil narratives and produce meanings that resist the commodification of labor. Based on field work conducted in Quimsa (Imbabura) between 1982 and 1984. See also item 8036. 8019. Crain, Mary M. Ritual, memoria popular y proceso poltico en la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 286 p. The Spanish version of authors doctoral dissertation: Ritual, Popular Memory, and the Political Process. 1987. xi, 236 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin. A study of rural conditions and relationships between landlords and tenants in the Province of Imbabura. 8020. Crain, Mary M. The Social Construction of National Identity in Highland Ecuador, A nthropological Quarterly, 63:1 (Jan. 1990), 43-59. 8021. Crespi, Muriel. Changing Power Relations: The Rise of Peasant Unions on the Traditional Ecuadorian Haciendas, A nthropological Quarterly, 44:4 (Oct. 1971), 223-240. 8022. Crespi, Muriel. The Patrons and Peons of Pesillo: A Traditional Hacienda System in Highland Ecuador. 1968. 467 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois, Urbana. An ethnohistorical as well as ethnographic study. Pesillo is a rural estate in the Canton of Cayambe in the Province of Pichincha. 8023. Crespi, Muriel. St. John the Baptist: The Ritual Looking Glass of Hacienda Indian Ethnic and Power Relations, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 477 -505. A study of changes in managerial policies at the Hacienda Atahualpa in the Canton of Cayambe, Province of Pichincha, before and after the agrarian reforms of 1964. Examines the impact of such policies on Indian laborers and their relationships with white landowners, especially as they are reflected in the Fiesta de San Juan . . . Based on field work conducted between 1964 and 1979. 8024. Crespi, Muriel. When Indians Become Cholos: Some Consequences of the Changing Ecuadorian Hacienda, T he N ew Ethnicity: Perspectives from Ethnology, edited by John W. Bennett (St. Paul: West, 1975), p. 148-166. 8025. Chimborazo: Life on the Haciendas of Highland Ecuador, edited by John Brandi. Rooseveltown, N.Y .: Akwesasne Notes, 1976. 66 p. Consists chiefly of interviews with huasipungeros and other Indian laborers. 8026. Ecuador indgena: sincretismo e identidad en las culturas nativas de la sierra norte, Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade [et al.]; Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros (compilador), 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 217 p.

The fifth issue of Ecuador indgena. An anthology of studies of ethnic groups, especially of Otavaleos, in the Province of Imbabura, by national and international scholars. Although individually these essays focus on various themes (such as shamanism, handicrafts, folklore, oral literature, and music) they are all concerned with popular culture and the issue of cultural identity. Contents: Carlos Alberto Coba Andrade, Fundamentos para la definicin de una poltica de investigacin (p. 11-19); Celso A. Lara Figueroa, Reflexiones sobre dos aspectos de la cultura popular (p. 21-26); Elisabeth Rohr, El sueo de volar (p. 27-60); Linda DAmico, Artesana e identidad cultural: una cuestin de historia, ideologa y eleccin (p. 61-69); Hernn Jaramillo Cisneros, La cestera de Imbabura (p. 71-87); Jaime Hernando Parra Rizo and Claudia Afanador H., La fiesta de Jongovito: las guaguas de pan en San Pedro (p. 89-101); Lola Cisneros de Coba and Clara Len Vinueza, Juegos infantiles de tradicin oral en el area urbana de Otavalo (p. 101-142); Mara Ramrez, Folklore y educacin (p. 143-169); Julio Bueno, La bomba en la Cuenca del Chota-Mira: sincretismo o nueva realidad (p. 171-193); and Peter Banning, El sanjuanito o sanjuan en Otavalo (p. 195-217). 8027. Estrategias de supervivencia en la comunidad andina, J. Snchez-Parga [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1984. 290 p. Contents: Francisco Rhon Dvila, Presentacin; Jos Snchez-Parga, Estrategias de supervivencia; Manuel Chiriboga, Campesinado andino y estrategias de empleo; Galo Ramn V., El comportamiento de las comunidades de Cangahua frente a los riesgos agrcolas; Jos Snchez-Parga, Estructuras espaciales del parentesco en los Andes; Andrs Guerrero, Estrategias campesinas indgenas de reproduccin: de apegado a huasipungero (CayambeEcuador); J. Durston and A. Crivelli, Diferenciacin campesina en la sierra ecuatoriana. 8028. Ferdon, Edwin N., Jr. A Mountain Colony in Ecuador, El Palacio, 52:7 (July 1945), 129-137. Daily life and collective work ( minga) in Buenos Aires, Imbabura Province. 8029. La Fiesta religiosa campesina (A ndes ecuatorianos) , investigacin dirigida por Marco Vinicio Rueda. Quito: Ediciones de la Universidad Catlica, 1982. 395 p. 8030. Garcs, Victor Gabriel. Condiciones psquico-sociales del indio en la Provincia de Imbabura; El indio factor de nuestra nacionalidad. Quito: [s.n.], 1931. 174 p. 8031. Garcs, Victor Gabriel. El indio ecuatoriano y la coca, A mrica indgena, 5:4 (oct./dic. 1945), 287-293. 8032. Gillin, John. Quichua-Speaking Indians of Northern Ecuador, A merican A nthropologist, 38:4 (Oct./Dec. 1936), 548-553. 8033. Guerrero, Andrs. Unit domestique et reproduction sociale: la communaut huasipungo, A nnales, economies, socits, civilisations, 41:3 (mai/juin 1986), 683-701. A socioeconomic study of pre-agrarian reform haciendas in the northern highlands as autonomous communities. Also published in a somewhat different version in Spanish as: Estrategias campesinas indgenas de reproduccin: de apegado a huasipungero (CayambeEcuador) in Estrategias de supervivencia en la comunidad andina (item 8027).

8034. Hartmann, Roswith. Cochasqu, Miscelnea antropolgica ecuatoriana, 2:2 (1982), 24-30. Field notes of ethnographic research from 1964 and 1965. 8035. Hirschkind, Lynn. Bedeviled Ethnography, A merican Ethnologist, 21:1 (Feb. 1994), 201-204. A critique of Mary M. Crains Poetics and Politics (item 8019). 8036. Hirschkind, Lynn. Redefining the Field in Fieldwork, Ethnology, 30:3 (July 1991), 237-249. A critique of the limitations inherent in standard fieldwork and the shortcomings of the alleged holistic descriptions achieved by ethnographers. Suggests that anthropologists drop academic auspices and take on locally defined roles having relevance to their research topics in order to situate themselves as plainly and concisely as possible within the social structure and culture in question . . . In order to exemplify the disadvantages of the standard approach and the advantages of the approach advocated, Hirschkind compares and contrasts the findings of the objective Whitten and the subjective Thomsen regarding the blacks of Esmeraldas as presented in items 5905 and 5908. N.B. Of course, Hirschkind recognizes the complementarity of the two approaches. 8037. Indians in Misery: A Preliminary Report on the Colta Lake Zone, Chimborazo, Ecuador: a Report Prepared for and in Collaboration with the Ecuadorian Institute of A grarian Reform and Colonization. Ithaca, N.Y .: Andean Indian Community Research and Development Project, Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, 1965. ii, 165 p. 8038. T he Indians of Colta: Essays on the Colta Lake Zone, Chimborazo (Ecuador) , editor, Eileen Maynard. Ithaca, N.Y .: Department of Anthropology, Cornell University, 1966. iii, 153 p. 8039. Indians of the High A ndes: Report of the Commission A ppointed by the Committee on Cooperation in Latin A merica to Study the Indians of the A ndean Highlands with a View to Establishing a Cooperative Christian Enterprise, W. Stanley Rycroft, chairman of the Commission and editor of the report. New York: The Committee, 1946. 330 p. Pseudo-ethnographic report by a group of Protestant missionaries on the culture and conditions of highland Indians in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Sponsored by the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U.S. 8040. Klumpp, Kathleen M. Black Traders of North Highland Ecuador, A fro-A merican A nthropology: Contemporary Perspectives, edited by Norman E. Whitten, Jr. and John F. Szwed (New York: Free Press, 1970), p. 245-262. 8041. Knapp, Gregory W. Geografa quichua de la sierra del Ecuador: ncleos, dominios y esfera. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 75 p. 8042. La Paz: un pueblo mestizo de la Provincia del Carchi, Anbal Buitrn [et al.]. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1952. 125 p.

8043. Martnez Valle, Luciano; and Alonso Azocar A. Comunidades del maz y comunidades de la papa. Quito: CIRE, 1987. 52 p. Chiefly ill. Primarily a photographic essay on the peasant communities of Cotacachi in the Province of Imbabura and Toacazo in the Province of Cotopaxi. Martnez V. prepared the text and Azocar A. took the photographs. 8044. Meisch, Lynn A. We Are Sons of Atahualpa and We Will Win: Traditional Dress in Otavalo and Saraguro, Ecuador, Textile Traditions of Mesoamerica and the A ndes: an A nthology, edited by Margot Blum Schevill, Janet Catherine Berlo, [and] Edward B. Dwyer (New York: Garland, 1991), p. 145-177. A study of continuity and change in the manufacture, use, and significance of traditional dress among the Otavaleos and Saraguros. 8045. Mencas Chvez, Jorge. Riobamba, Ecuador: estudio de la elevacin socio-cultural y religiosa del indio. Freiburgo: Oficina Internacional de Investigaciones Sociales de FERES, 1962. 154 p. 8046. Montaluisa Chasiquiza, Luis Octavio. La cultura quichua: aportes para el anlisis de algunos de sus componentes, Cultura, 7:21a (ene./abr. 1985), 433-450. 8047. Morales, Edmundo. T he Guinea Pig: Healing, Food, and Ritual in the A ndes. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1995. xxvii, 177 p. A sympathetic portrait of the traditional and changing roles of the guinea pig in the indigenous and mestizo cultures of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia by a trained scholar and Quechua speaker. 8048. Moreno Romero, Hugo O. Introduccin a la filosofa indgena desde la perspectiva de Chimborazo. Riobamba: Edit. Riobamba, 1983. 290 p. 8049. Moya, Ruth. Muscuintin, inintinmi muyumunchic = Girando en torno a sueos y creencias. Quito: CEDIME, 1988. 74 p. In Quichua and Spanish. 8050. Moya, Ruth. Simbolismo y ritual en el Ecuador andino; El quichua en el espaol de Quito. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1981. 334 p. (Coleccin Pendoneros; 40) Two works in one. The first is an ethnography of rituals and symbolism in highland Ecuador; the second attempts to reconstruct the Quichua of Quito and Spanish as spoken at the time of the Spanish conquest, and examines the influence of Quichua on Spanish as spoken in the 1970s in and around the capital. 8051. Moya, Ruth. Los tejidos y el poder ... y el poder de los tejidos. Quito: CEDIME, 1988. 84 p. 8052. Muller, Richard. Estudios etnolgicos sobre los aborgenes de los A ndes ecuatoriales, 2 ed. Santo Domingo: Casa Edit. Montalvo, 1929. 57 p. 8053. Preston, David. Pressures on Chimborazo Indians, Geographical Magazine, 50 (Jan. 1978), 613-618.

8054. Quevedo Coronel, Rafael. El indio en la regin interandina del Ecuador: estudio biolgico, psquico y sociolgico. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1938. 30 p. 8055. Rivet, Paul. Etude sur les Indiens de Riobamba, Journal de la Socit des amricanistes, 1 (1904), 55-80. 8056. Rodrguez Sandoval, Lenidas. Drinking Motivations among the Indians of the Ecuadorian Sierra, Primitive Man, 18:3/4 (July/Oct. 1945), 39-46. 8057. Rodrguez Sandoval, Lenidas. Vida econmica-social del indio libre de la sierra ecuatoriana. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1949. ix, 137 p. The authors doctoral dissertation. 8058. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. N uestros indios: estudio geogrfico, histrico y social de los indios ecuatorianos, especialmente aplicado a la Provincia de Imbabura. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1946. 382 p. 8059. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Faccionalismo, organizacin y proyecto tnico en los A ndes. Quito: CAAP, Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1989. 316 p. 8060. Snchez-Parga, Jos. Presente y futuro de los pueblos indgenas: anlisis y propuestas, 2 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 97 p. 8061. Snchez-Parga, Jos. La trama del poder en la comunidad andina. Quito: CAAP, 1986. 456 p. 8062. Santana, Roberto. Campesinado indgena y el desafo de la modernidad, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1983. 209 p. A study of traditional agriculture and resistence to development among Indians of the highlands, especially in the Province of Loja. 8063. Stark, Louisa R. Folk Models of Stratification and Ethnicity in the Highlands of Northern Ecuador, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 387-401. A study of the Canton of Cotacachi in the Province of Imbabura. 8064. Weismantel, Mary J. Food, Gender, and Poverty in the Ecuadorian A ndes. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988. xii, 234 p. An in-depth study of the role of food and meals in the everyday life of the civil/ecclesiastical parish of Zumbagua in the pramos of the Province of Cotopaxi. Includes a summary chapter on the demography, ecology, sociopolitical geography, and history of the parish, a hacienda prior to the agrarian reform of the mid-1960s. Also published in Spanish as: A limentacin, gnero y pobreza en los A ndes ecuatorianos. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 341 p. 8065. Weismantel, Mary J. Maize Beer and Andean Social Transformations: Drunken Indians, Bread Babies, and Chosen Women, Modern Language N otes, 106 (Sept. 1991), 861879.

CA ARIS

8066. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Enfermedad, dao e ideologa: antropologa mdica de los renacientes de Pindilig. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 213 p. Originally published in French as: La solitude des renaissants: malheurs et sorcellerie dans los A ndes. Paris: Presses de la Renaissance, 1985. 236 p. An ethnographic and ethnohistorical study of traditional medicine and ideology in an isolated village in the Province of Caar, the inhabitants of which have lost many of their preHispanic roots without as of yet having been fully incorporated into regional, let alone national, society. Based on the authors doctoral thesis: Les renaissants de Pindilig (Province de Caar). 1981. Universit de Paris VII. 8067. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. The Many Deaths of Manuel: Illness and Fate in the Andes, History and A nthropology, 2:1 (Sept. 1985), 145-152. The many deaths refers to the many interpretations to which death is subject and to the many meanings that may be ascribed to the demise of any given individual, by him/herself (before or while dying), by surviving members of his/her family, by the community, etc. 8068. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Pindilig: un village des A ndes quatoriennes. Paris: Editions du CNRS, 1992. 428 p. Apparently the final and definitive instalment in the authors study of this Caar village. 8069. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. El papel de los ritos de pasaje en la integracin social de los Caaris Quichuas del austro ecuatoriano, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 3 (1971), 203-214. 8070. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann; and Feura Bush. Variaciones del parentesco caari, Temas sobre la continuidad y adaptacin cultural ecuatoriana (item 7965), p. 25-41. 8071. Expresiones culturales andinas en A zuay y Caar: estudios de casos en tres parroquias rurales. Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1992. 2 v. (602 p.) 8072. Fock, Niels. Ethnicity and Alternative Identification: An Example from Caar, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 402-419. Reports on authors fieldwork in Juncal, undertaken between 1973 and 1974. Maintains that Indians must be characterized as an ethnic group whereas mestizos constitute a regional group. Also that the Caar Indians are not simply runa but a distinct ethnic group, dating back to Incan and pre-Incan times. Reprinted from: Cultural Imperialism and Cultural Identity: Proceedings of the 8th Conference of N ordic Ethnographers/A nthropologists, [edited by] Carola Sandbacka (Helsinki: The Finnish Anthropological Society, 1977), p. 157-184. For an opposin g
view see item 6377.

8073. Fock, Niels. The Topographic Space: Caar Indian Conceptualization of the Landscape, Folk, 33 (1991), 211-228.

Maintains that irrigation not only shapes the landscape in the Provinces of Caar and Azuay but also the consciousness of the Caar Indians. 8074. Fock, Niels and Eva Krener. Los Caaris del Ecuador y sus conceptos etnohistricos sobre los Incas, A merikanistische Studien: Festschrift fur Herman Trimborn, Roswith Hartmann, Udo Oberem, herausgeber (St. Augustin: Haus Vlker und Kulturen, Anthropos-Institut, 1978), vol. 1, p. 170-181. 8075. Fock, Niels and Eva Krener. Informe sobre El viaje de investigacin etnogrfica danesa 1973-1974 a los indios caari de Ecuador, Revista del Instituto A zuayo de Folklore, 7 (jul. 1981), 9-26. Also published in: Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 7 (nov. 1981), 9-26. 8076. Holm, Olaf. Ignacio, la alfarera de Cerro Alto (Ecuador), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 17:33 (1967), 240-284. Cerro Alto is in the Province of Caar. 8077. Holm, Olaf. La tcnica alfarera de Jatunpampa (Ecuador), Cuadernos de historia y arqueologa, 11:27 (1961), 153-229. 8078. Krener, Eva. Juncal: en Indianerkommune i Ecuador. Copenhagen: Nationalmuseet, 1977. 128 p. 8079. Meisch, Lynn A. Abel Rodas, the Last Ikat Poncho Weaver in Chordeleg, El Palacio, 87:4 (Winter 1981/1982), 27-32. 8080. Meisch, Lynn A. The Caari People: Their Costume and Weaving, El Palacio, 86:3 (Fall 1980), 15-26. Items 8079 and 8080 are important contributions to the scant literature on indigenous crafts in Ecuador. Furthermore, they are well written and illustrated. 8081. Meisch, Lynn A. Spinning in Ecuador, Spin-Off, 4 (1980), 24-29. 8082. Robles Lopez, Marco. Teogona y demiurgos en la cultura Caar, 2 ed. aum. Cuenca: Latina Editores, 1988. 99 p. 8083. Salomon, Frank. Ancestors, Grave Robbers, and the Possible Antecedents of Caari Incaism, N atives and N eighbors in South A merica: A nthropological Essays, edited by Harold O. Skar and Frank Salomon (Gothenburg: Gteborgs Etnografiska Museum, 1987), p. 207-232. 8084. Zaruma Quishpilema, Bolvar Luis. Hatun Caar apunchichunamanta nishcallata yuyashca = Mitos y creencias de hatun Caar. Cuenca: Misin Luterana, 1989. 2 v. (295 p.) In Quichua and Spanish. 8085. Zaruma Quishpelema, Bolvar Luis. Identidad de hatun Caar a travs de su folklore = Imashina causashcacunahuan hatun Caar ima laya cashcata ricuchicushcamanta. Cuenca: Monsalve Moreno Ca. Ltda., 1990. 2 v. (244 p.) In Quichua and Spanish.

OTAVALE OS

Apparently Otavaleos now prefer to be called Otavalos, but I have retained the traditional usage if for no other reason than it was prevalent at the time this bibliography was compiled.

8086. Ares Queija, Berta. Los corazas: ritual andino en Otavalo, 1 ed. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 176 p. Describes and analyzes the Coraza ritual, as held in San Rafael de la Laguna, during Holy Week, and the celebration of San Luis Obispo in Aug. 8087. Barlett, Peggy F. Reciprocity and the San Juan Fiesta, Journal of A nthropological Research, 36:1 (Spring 1980), 116-130. A study of the role of reciprocity in the San Juan fiesta among Otavaleos. In this age the gifts exchanged are alcohol. The specific community studied was Agato. The field research was undertaken in 1970 and 1977. 8088. Buitrn, Anbal. Fiestas indgenas en Otavalo: San Lus, Boletn de informaciones cientficas nacionales (Quito), 20/21 (1949), 62-66. 8089. Buitrn, Anbal. Panorama de la aculturacin en Otavalo, Ecuador, A mrica Indgena, 22:4 (oct./dic. 1962), 313-322. 8090. Buitrn, Anbal. La situacin econmica y social del indio otavaleo, A mrica indgena, 7:1 (ene./mar. 1947), 45-62. 8091. Buitrn, Anbal. Taita Imbabura: vida indgena en los A ndes. Quito: Misin Andina, 1964. 107 p. 8092. Buitrn, Anbal; and Barbara Salisbury Buitrn. Indios, blancos, y mestizos en Otavalo, Ecuador, A cta americana, 3:3 (jul./sept. 1945), 190-216. 8093. Casagrande, Joseph. The Looms of Otavalo, N atural History, 86:8 (Aug. 1977), 4859. 8094. Collier, John, Jr.; and Anbal Buitrn. T he Awakening Valley. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1971. 196 p. Photofacsimile reprint; originally published: Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949. Also published in Spanish as: El valle del amanecer, 1 ed. en espaol. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1971. 199 p. The classic account of the Otavaleos. 8095. Colloredo-Mansfeld, Rudi. Architectural Conspicuous Consumption and Economic Change in the Andes, A merican A nthropologist, 96:4 (Dec. 1994), 845-865.

A study of the economic and social roles of architecture among otavaleos in the late twentieth century. The community studied is Ariasucu. The field work was conducted between 1991 and 1994. 8096. Chavez, Leo R. Commercial Weaving and the Entrepreneurial Ethnic: Otavalo Indian Views of Self and the World. 1982. xii, 319 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University. 8097. DAmico, Linda. Artesana e identidad cultural: una cuestin de historia, ideologa y eleccin, Ecuador indgena: sincretismo y identidad en las culturas nativas de la sierra norte (item 8027), p. 1-88. 8098. Hein, Kurt. Radio Bahai, Ecuador: a Bahai Development Project. Oxford: G. Ronald, 1988. vi, 215 p. 8099. Iturralde G., Diego A. Guamote: campesinos y comunas. Otavalo: Instituto Otavaleo de Antropologa, 1980. 221 p. 8100. Meisch, Lynn. Otavalo: Weaving, Costume and the Market. Quito: Libri Mundi, 1987. 189 p. A detailed study of traditional weaving and production for the tourist trade, autochthonous clothing, and recourse to trade for profit among the Otavaleos. Based extensive field research, conducted on and off between 1978 and 1986. Well illustrated, but unfortunately, not in color. 8101. N uestras comunidades: ayer y hoy = N ucanchic aillu llactacuna naupa: cunan pachapash, [Tanya Korovkin et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 120 p. An introduction to Otavaleo communities and to their history. In Spanish and Quichua. 8102. Parsons, Elsie Clews. Peguche: a Study of A ndean Indians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945. viii, 225 p. The first ethnographic study of an Ecuadorian community. Based on field research conducted in 1940 and 1941. 8103. Rivera, Fredy. Guangudos, identidad y sobrevivencia: obreros indgenas en las fbricas de Otavalo. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1988. 107 p. 8104. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. Punyaro: estudio de antropologa social y cultural de una comunidad indgena y mestiza. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1956. 422 p. An ethnographic study of an Indian and mestizo community in the Valley of Otavalo. 8105. Villavicencio Rivadeneira, Gladys. Relaciones intertnicas en Otavalo, Ecuador: una nacionalidad india en formacin? Mxico: Instituto Indigenista Interamericano, 1973. xxiv, 317 p. 8106. Walter, Lynn E. Interaction and Organization in an Ecuadorian Indian Highland Community. 1976. vi, 252 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison. A study of social structure and relations in Carabuela.

8107. Walter, Lynn E. Otavaleo Development, Ethnicity, and National Integration, A mrica indgena, 41:2 (apr./jun. 1981), 319-337. 8108. Walter, Lynn E. Social Strategies and the Fiesta Complex in an Otavaleo Community, A merican Ethnologist, 8:1 (Feb. 1981), 172-185. A study of Ahuango. 8109. Weinstock, Steven. The Adaptation of Otavalo Indians to Urban and Industrial Life in Quito, Ecuador. 1973. 173 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cornell University. 8110. Weinstock, Steven. Ethnic Conceptions and Relations of Otavalo Indian Migrants in Quito, Ecuador, A nuario indigenista, 30 (1970), 157-167. Based on field research conducted between July 1969 and Aug. 1970.

SALASACAS

The Salasacas are a small, distinct ethnic group in the Province of Tungurahua southeast of Ambato. Their community is divided by the road to Baos. As of July, 1997, the history, language, and ethnography of the Salasacas were poorly known, but see Peter Wogans 1997 doctoral dissertation, Nationalism, Historical Consciousness, and Literacy in Highland Ecuador (Brandeis University; ix, 316 leaves). They may have been mitimas from what is now Bolivia in origin. Apparently they speak a distinct dialect of Quichua. See also item 8661.

8111. Carrasco A., Eulalia Salasaca: la organizacin social y el alcalde. Quito: Mundo Andino, 1982. 135 p. 8112. Colomona, Carlos; and Duncan Pedersen. Salud y enfermedad de un contexto tnico: Salasacas, Cultura, 7:21 (ene./abr. 1985), 583-635. 8113. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. Los Salasacas. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1959. 171 p. Llacta; no. 8. 8114. Scheller, Ulf. El mundo de los Salasacas, fotografiado por Wulf Weiss. Guayaquil: Fundacin Antropolgica Ecuatoriana, 1972. 32 p., [44] p. of plates) In Spanish and English.

SARAGU ROS

The leading authorities on the Saraguros are the spouses Jim Belote and Linda Smith Belote, and Ruthbeth D. Finerman. As of 1999, Prejuicio y orgullo: relaciones indio-blancos en Saraguro, Ecuador, the Spanish version of Linda Smith Belotes dissertation (item 8117), to be published by Abya-Yala, was still in press, but at least Jim Belotes 1984 Montana State University Ph.D.

thesis, Changing Adaptive Strategies among the Saraguros of Southern Ecuador, finally appeared in 1998 as Los saraguros del sur del Ecuador, 2 ed. [sic] (Quito: Abya-Yala; 404, [14] p). For Finermans contributions see items 8551-8557.

8115. Belote, Jim; and Linda Smith Belote. The Limitation of Obligation in Saraguro Kinship, A ndean Kinship and Marriage, edited by Ralph Bolton and Enrique Mayer (Washington, D.C.: American Anthropological Association, 1977), p. 106-116. 8116. Belote, Jim; and Linda Smith Belote. El sistema de cargos de fiestas en Saraguro, Temas sobre la continuidad y adaptacin cultural ecuatoriana (item 7965), p. 47-73. N.B. Not a Spanish version of item 8119, but a separate study. 8117. Belote, Linda Smith. Prejudice and Pride: Indian White Relations in Saraguro, Ecuador. 1978. 232 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois, Urbana. 8118. Belote, Linda Smith; and Jim Belote. Development in Spite of Itself: The Saraguro Case, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 450-476. Examines the impact of Catholic and Protestant activities in Saraguro on the one hand, and the Andean Mission and community development on the other, from the 1950s through the early 1970s. 8119. Belote, Linda Smith and Jim Belote. Drain From the Bottom: Individual Ethnic Identity Change in Southern Ecuador, Social Forces, 63:1 (Sept. 1984), 24-50. 8120. Caldern, Alfonso. Saraguro Huasi: la casa en la tierra del maz. Quito: Separacin de Colores, 1985. 431 p. 8121. Masson, Peter. Cholo y china: contenidos situacionales, de dos trminos intertnicos en Saraguro (Ecuador), Journal de la Socit de amricanistes, 64 (1977), 107-114. 8122. Meisch, Lynn A. Costume and Weaving in Saraguro, Ecuador, Textile Museum Journal, 19-20 (1980-1981), 55-64. 8123. Punn de Jimnez, Dolores E. Los Saraguros: estudio socio-econmico y cultural, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 5 (dic. 1974), 200-264. 8124. Los Saraguros: fiesta y ritualidad, Luis Aurelio Chaln Guaman [et al.]; compiladores, Linda y Jim Belote, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Politcnica Salesiana: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 257 p. 8125. Tual, Anny. Contribution ltude des Indiens Saraguro du Sud de lEquateur. Paris: Institut Ethnologie, 1965. 2 v.

ORIEN TE

There is no subdivision on the Zaparo because almost no literature exists on this nearly extinct, if not already extinct, ethnic group--there were only 24 known speakers as of 1991--but see the chapter by Hctor Vargas in item 8126.

8126. A mazon Worlds: Peoples and Cultures of Ecuadors A mazon Region, [editors] Noemi Paymal, Catalina Sosa, 1st ed. Quito: Sinchi Sacha Foundation, 1993. 204 p. A solid, readable introduction to the traditional cultures and surviving ethnic groups--several of which were on the verge of extinction as of the early 1990s, and may now be extinct--of the Oriente. Contents: Juan Aulestia, Preface (p. 13); Catalina Sosa, Introduction (p. 14-16); Ernesto Salazar, Traces of the Past: the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Ecuadors Amazon Region (p. 18-45); Karl Gartelmann, World of the Siona, Secoya and Cofan: the Time of Yag (p. 4663); Noemi Paymal, The World of Huaorani: Daily Life (p. 64-81); Hctor Vargas, The World of the Zaparo: the Roads to Death (p. 82-95); Dorothea S. Whitten and Norman E. Whitten, The World of the Canelos Quichua: Culture, Ceramics and Continuity (p. 96-111); Philippe Descola, The World of the Achuar: the People of the Aguaje Palm (p. 112-129); Tsawant Chumpi, The World of the Shuar: from Myth to Culture (p. 130-143); Carlos Viteri, Mythical Worlds: Runa (p. 144-157); Jos Juncosa, The World of the Shaman: the Shaman, Resident of All Worlds (p. 158-178); Appendices (p. 179-197). Also published in Spanish as: Mundos amaznicos: pueblos y culturas de la A mazonia ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Sinchi Sacha, 1993. 8127. A mazonia ecuatoriana: la otra cara del progreso, Norman E. Whitten, Jr. [et al.]. [Suca?]: Mundo Shuar, 1981. 229 p. Consists of seven essays by anthropologists on the Canelos Quichua, the Shuar, and the Achuar, originally published in Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939). Contents: Norman E. Whitten, Jr. La Amazonia actual en la base de los Andes: Una confluencia tnica en la perspectiva ecolgica, social e ideolgica (p. 11-58); Ernesto Salazar La Federacin Shuar y la frontera de la colonizacin, traduccin de Margarita Pez (p. 59-82); Philippe Descola, Del habitat disperso a los asentamientos nucleados: un proceso de cambio socio-econmico entre los Achuar, traduccin de Eliana Correa e Isabel Salvador (p. 83-113); Anne-Christine Taylor, La riqueza de Dios: los Achuar y las misiones, traduccin de Vernica Vela, Clara Correa y Pilar Vilanova (p. 114-143); William Belzner, Msica, modernizacin y occidentalizacin entre los Shuar de Macuma, traduccin de Lilian Granda de Guayasamn (p. 145-165); Theodore Macdonald, Jr., Respuesta indgena a una frontera de expansin: conversin econmica de la selva quichua en hacienda ganadera, traduccin de Rose Marie Jtiva y Sandra Reed (p. 167-194); and Dorothea Whitten, A n tiguas tradicion es en un con texto
con temporn eo: cermica y simbolismo de los C an elos Q uich ua en la regin amazn ica ecuat orian a, traduccin de Vern ica Surez, Loren a Barberis, In s A bdo, ( p. 195-227).

8128. Bolow, Ulrich Krauss. Kunkintsa: En Indianerlandsby i A mazonas. Copenhagen: National Museet, 1978. 128 p.

8129. Caldern, Alfonso. Vivienda, medio ambiente y cambio de las estructuras sociales, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 725-741. Examines impact of incorporation into national society and market economy on the Shuar and Achuar, Siona and Secoya, Quilota, Salasaca, and Awa (or Cuaiquer). 8130. Cern Solarte, Benhur. El manejo indgena de la selva pluvial tropical: orientaciones para un desarrollo sostenido, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Roma: Movimiento Laicos para Amrica Latina, 1991. 256 p. 8131. Fugler, Charles M.; and Wallace L. Swanson. Biological and Ethnological Observations on the Cofn, Secoya, and Awishiri Indians of Eastern Tropical Ecuador, Proceedings of the Oklahoma A cademy of Science, 51 (1971), 106-119. 8132. Gil, Richard C. Curari, the Flying Death, N atural History, 36 (Nov. 1935), 278292. 8133. Hames, Raymond B.; and William T. Vickers. Teoras sobre las respuestas adaptativas de los nativos de la Amazonia, Hombre y ambiente (Quito), 1:3 (jul./sept. 1987), 4589. 8134. Macdonald, Theodore, Jr. Tierras indgenas en Ecuador: un estudio de caso, A mrica indgena, 43:3 (jul./set. 1983), 555-568. A study of the differential success of the Canelos Quichua and Shuar on the one hand and of the Cofan, Siona and Secoya, and Huaorani on the other in retention of their habitats and therefore territories. 8135. Naranjo, Marcelo F. Zonas de refugio y adaptacin tnica en el Oriente: siglos XVIXVII-XVIII, Temas sobre la continuidad y adaptacin cultural ecuatoriana (item xxxx), p. 105-169. 8136. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. La familia etnolingstica Zpara, Ethos, 1 (1975), 3-30. 8137. Poblacin indgena y desarrollo amaznico, Ministerio de Bienestar Social, Oficina Nacional de Asuntos Indgenas. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1984. 157 p. Consists of papers and statements on Indians of the Amazon by various groups and individuals, including representatives of the Oficina Nacional de Asuntos Indgenas (Ecuador), in light of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty of 1978. 8138. Relaciones intertnicas y adaptacin cultural entre Shuar, A chuar, A guaruna y Canelos Quichua, 44 Congreso de Americanistas, Manchester 1982. Quito: Mundo Shuar: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1984. 266 p. Papers presented at 44th International Congress of Americanistas (Manchester, 1982). Partial contents: Luis M. Uriarte, Reductores reducidos?: fronteras tnicas de los JbaroAchuara (p. 16-44); Charlotte Seymour Smith, Estrategia e identidad: transformaciones en la sociedad jvaro peruana (p. 46-54); Carlos Zanutto, Relaciones con otros grupos tnicos y adaptaciones culturales en la poltica oficial de la Federacin Shuar: principios y casos concretos (p. 56-74); Michael F. Brown, La cara oscura del progreso: el suicidio entre los

Aguaruna del Lago Mayo (p. 76-88); Anne Christine Taylor, La alianza matrimonial y sus variaciones estructurales en las sociedades jvaro (p. 90-108); Messimo Amadio and A. Luca DEmilio, La alianza entre los Candosp Murato del Alto Amazonas (p. 110-122); Eric B. Ross, La evolucin de la economa de los Jvaros en el contexto de la economa mundial p. 124143); Lionel Vallee and Robert R. Crepeau, La guerra entre los Shuar (Jvaro): la bsqueda del poder (p. 172-190); Norman E. Whitten, Jr. Hacia la conceptualizacin del poder en la Amazonia ecuatoriana (p. 192-210); Antonio Colajanni, Prcticas chamanicas y cambio social: la muerte de un hechicero achuar, hechos e interpretaciones (p. 228-249); and Domingo Bottasso, Las misiones y la aculturacin de los Shuar (p. 253-264). 8139. Robinson, Scott S. El etnocidio ecuatoriano. Mxico, D.F.: Universidad Iberoamericana, 1971. 37 p. In this and item 8140 Robinson argues that between internal colonialism (that is to say, the colonization of the Oriente by highlanders) and the economic exploitation of the regions natural resources, especially petroleum, the ethnic groups of the Upper Amazon Basin will be absorbed or eliminated. That is Ecuadorian ethnocide. 8140. Robinson, Scott S. Some Aspects of the Spontaneous Colonization of the Selva Communities of Ecuador, T he Situation of the Indian in South A merica: Contributions to the Study of Inter-Ethnic Conflict in the N on-A ndean Regions of South A merica, edited by W. Dostal (Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1972), p. 108-114. 8141. Romero Simancas, Nelson. La cultura selvcola frente a los problemas contemporneos y la situacin de las poblaciones indgenas selvcolas del Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./sept. 1974), 713-739. 8142. Steward, Julian H.; and Alfred Mtraux. Tribes of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Montaa, Handbook of South A merican Indians, Julian H. Steward, editor, vol. 3 (Washington,D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1947), p. 535-656. Considerably dated but important to the extent that it constituted a more or less valid portrait of ethnic groups of the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Oriente as of the early 1940s. See esp. p. 617-656. 8143. Tschopik, Harry. Indians of the Montaa. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1952. 23 p.

ACHU AR (Jvaros) See also SHU AR

As of the early 1990s there were about 3,000 Achuar in the Provinces of Pastaza and Morona-Santiago. The two principal authorities on this group were the husband and wife team of Philippe Descola and Anne Christine Taylor, who spent more than two years among the Achuar in the late 1970s. In addition to the works listed below, see Philippe Descolas Les lances du crpuscule: relations jivaros, Haute A mazon (Paris: Librairie Plon, 1993; 505 p.), also published

in English as: T he Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in the A mazon Jungle (New York: The New Press, 1996; 458 p.). Les lances du crpuscule is much more readable than his La nature domestique--Descolas rite de passage into the increasingly arcane realms of academic anthropology. Not incidentally the disparate way in which Descolas La nature domestique and Les lances du crpuscule have been subject headed and classified exemplify why library catalog records are increasingly useless to scholars. La nature domestique has as Library of Congress subject headings: Achuar Indians -- Agriculture; Achuar Indians -- Social conditions; Achuar Indians -Religion; Human ecology -- Amazon River Region; Subsistence economy -- Amazon River Region; and Conservation of natural resources -- Amazon River Region. And was classified by the Library of Congress under Achuar Indians (F3430.1.A25). Les lances du crpuscule, on the other hand, is Library of Congress subject headed Jivaran Indians -- Social conditions and Amazon River Region -- Social conditions, and classified under Jivaran Indians (F2230.2.J58). But both works are about not just the Achuar and therefore not two or more of the four ethnic groups in the Upper Amazon Basin that constitute the so-called Jivaran family, but the exact same families and individuals.

8144. Arnalot, Jos. Lo que los A chuar me han enseado, 3 ed. Suca: Ediciones Mundo Shuar, 1992. 266 p. 8145. Descola, Philippe. From Scattered to Nucleated Settlement: a Process of Socioeconomic Change among the Achuar, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 614-646. Examines the impact of what amounts to the reduction of the Achuar to caseros centered on airstrips opened by Catholic Salesians and Protestant missionaries, beginning in the 1970s, and the impact of settlement or village life on an ethnic group that traditionally lived in widely dispersed households. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. See also item 8157. 8146. Descola, Philippe. Homeostasis as a Cultural System: the Jivaro Case, A mazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present: A nthropological Perspectives, edited by Anna Roosevelt (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994), p. 203-224. 8147. Descola, Philippe. In the Society of N ature: A N ative Ecology in A mazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. xviii, 372 p. Revised English version of La nature domestique (item 8149). 8148. Descola, Philippe. El jardn del colibr: procesos de trabajo y categorizaciones sexuales entre los Achuar del Ecuador, Cultura, 7:19 (mayo/ago. 1984), 33-61. Originally published in French as: Le jardin de colibr: procs de travail et catgorisations sexuales chez les Achuar de lEquateur, LHomme, 33:1 (jan./mar. 1983), 61-89. 8149. Descola, Philippe. La nature domestique: symbolisme et praxis dans lecologie des A chuar. Paris: Editions de la Maison des sciences de lhomme, 1986. 450 p.

A comprehensive ethnographical study of the Achuar, especially of their utilization and perception of their environment. Written for specialists. Based on extensive field research conducted in the late 1970s. Also published in Spanish as: La selva culta: simbolismo y praxis en la ecologa de los A chuar, traduccin de Juan Carrera Coln y Xavier Catta Quelen, revisada por Frederic Illouz, 2 ed. en espaol (Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Roma: MLAL, 1989; 468 p.). 8150. Descola, Philippe. Territorial Adjustments among the Achaur of Ecuador, Social Science Information / Information sur les sciences sociales, 21:2 (1982), 299-318. 8151. Kelekna, Pita. Farming, Feuding, and Female Status: the Achuar Case, A mazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present: A nthropological Perspectives, edited by Anna Roosevelt (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1994), p. 225-248. 8152. Laurini, Osvaldo. Los ultimos A chuar primitivos: aborgenes de la A mazonia ecuatoriana. Quito: Artes Grf. Seal, 1982. 205 p. 8153. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Cantos de amor de la esposa achuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 225 p. 8154. Ross, Eric Barry. The Achuara Jivaro: Cultural Adapatation in the Upper Amazon. 1978. xii, 326 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University. 8155. Ross, Eric Barry. Food Taboos, Diet, and Hunting Strategy: The Adaptation to Animals in Amazon Cultural Ecology, Current A nthropology, 19:1 (Mar. 1978), 1-36. 8156. Ross, Jane Bennett. Ecology and the Problem of Tribe: a Critique of the Hobbesian Model of Preindustrial Warfare, Beyond the Myths of Culture: Essays in Cultural Materialism, edited by Eric B. Ross (New York: Academic Press, 1980), p. 33-60. Analyzes armed conflict at the tribal level, with particular attention to the interrelation of sociopolitical organization, demography, subsistence ecology, colonial impaction, and disease . . . Based on field work among the Achuara of the northwest Peruvian Amazon, but presumably the cultural differences between them and their Ecuadorian cousins are few, if any. 8157. Taylor, Anne-Christine. God-Wealth: the Achuar and the Missions, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 647-676. Focuses on changes in Achuar culture that have resulted from Catholic Salesian and Protestant missionary activities. Especially concerned with the mechanisms of control exercised by the missions. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. 8158. Taylor, Anne-Christine. The Marriage of Alliance and Its Structural Variations in Jivaroan Societies, Social Science Information / Information sur les sciences sociales, 22:3 (1983), 331-353. 8159. Taylor, Anne-Christine. Remembering to Forget: Identity, Mourning and Memory among the Jivaro, Man, 28:4 (Dec. 1993), 653-678. Delineates the role of the dead and cognitive aspects of mourning in Achuar culture.

CAN ELOS QU ICHU A

The Canelos Quichua are also known as Pastaza Quichua after the Province in which this group lives. As of the early 1990s, together with the Quijos or Napo Quichua (on whom see items 8202-8205), they numbered about 60,000. The Canelo Quichua have been more or less well studied, unlike the Quijos Quichua. The Canelos Quichua are several centuries old. They appear to have emerged towards the end of the 1600s, under the protection of Dominican missionaries. The Canelos Quichua are made up of descendants of highland Indians, and acculturated Zparos (all but, if not already, extinct as a distinct ethnic group as of the 1990s), Gaes, Quijos (long since extinct as a separate ethnic group), Shuar, and Achuar.

8160. Alarcn Gallecos, Roco. Etnobotnica de los Quichuas de la A mazonia Ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Museos del Banco Central del Ecuador, 1988. 178 p. 8161. Chango, Alfonso. Yachaj sami yachachina, compilado por Norman E. Whitten Jr., editado por Carmen Chuquin y Sibby Whitten. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1984. 45 p. In Quichua and Spanish. 8162. Foletti-Castegnaro, Alessandra. Tradicin oral de los Quichuas amaznicos del A guario y San Miguel. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 264 p. 8163. Hudelson, John E. La cultura quichua de transicin: su expansin y desarrollo en el A lto A mazonas, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Museo Antropolgico del Banco Central del Ecuador; Quito: Ediciones Abya Yala, 1987. 221 p. Publishes the authors doctoral dissertation: The Expansion and Development of Quichua Transitional Culture in the Upper Amazon Basin. 1981. vii, 323 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)-Columbia University. 8164. Irvine, Dominique. El manejo del bosque secundario por los Quichuas amaznicos, Hombre y ambiente (Quito), 1:2 (abr./jun. 1987), 121-142. 8165. Irvine, Dominique. Resource Management by the Runa Indians of the Ecuadorian Amazon. 1987. 306 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Stanford University. 8166. Oberem, Udo. Trade and Trade Goods in the Ecuadorian Montaa, N ative South A mericans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent, edited by Patricia J. Lyon (Boston: Little Brown, 1974), p. 346-357. 8167. Reeve, Mary-Elizabeth. Los Quichua del Curaray: el proceso de formacin de la identidad, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Museo, Banco Central del Ecuador; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 214 p. A revision of authors doctoral dissertation: Identity as Process: the Meaning of Runapura for Quichua Speakers of the Curaray River, Eastern Ecuador. 1985. University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana. A study in ethnic identity and social life and customs.

8168. Sacha pacha: mitos, poesas, sueos y refranes de los Quichua amaznicos, [recopilacin de] Juan Santos Ortiz de Villalba. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Roma, MLAL, 1989. 309 p. In Spanish and Quichua. 8169. Sacha pacha: el mundo de la selva, [relatos bilinges recogidos y redactados por] Juan Santos Ortiz de Villalba, ed. bilinge. Quito: CICAME, 1976. 159 p. In Spanish and Quichua. 8170. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Amazonia Today at the Base of the Andes: An Ethnic Interface in Ecological, Social, and Ideological Perspectives, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 121-161. A revision of the authors A mazonian Ecuador: an Ethnic Interface in Ecological, Social, and Ideological Perspectives (Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 1978; 80 p.; IWGIA Document; 34). Also published in Spanish in item 8127. A solid introduction to the contemporary languages and cultures of the autochthonous ethnic groups of the Oriente. 8171. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Ecologa de las relaciones culturales al noroeste del Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 30:2 (abr./jun. 1970), 345-358. 8172. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Ecological Imagery and Cultural Adaptability: The Canelos Quichua of Eastern Ecuador, A merican A nthropolgoist, 80:4 (Dec. 1978), 836-859. 8173. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Ecuadorian Ethnocide and Indigenous Ethnogenesis: A mazonian Resurgence A midst A ndean Colonialism. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, 1976. 39 p. Also published in: Journal of Ethnic Studies, 4:2 (Summer 1976), 1-22. And in Spanish as: Etnocidio ecuatoriano y etnognesis indgena: la resurgencia amaznica ante el colonialismo andino, A mrica indgena, 39:3 (jul./set. 1979), 529-562. 8174. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Jungle Quechua Ethnicity: an Ecuadorian Case Study, Ethnicity and Resource Competition in Plural Societies, editor, Leo A. Despres (The Hague: Mouton, 1975), p. 41-69. 8175. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Sacha Runa: Ethnicity and A daptation of Ecuadorian Jungle Quichua, with the assistance of Marcelo F. Naranjo, Marcelo Santi Simbana, Dorothea S. Whitten. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976. xviii, 348 p. Also published in Spanish as: Sacha runa: etnicidad y adaptacin de los quichua hablantes de la A mazonia ecuatoriana. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1987. 367 p. 8176. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. Sicuanga Runa: T he Other Side of Development in A mazonian Ecuador. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985. xi, 314 p. Items 8175 and 8176 are major contributions to the ethnology of the Canelos Quichua, notwithstanding Whittens infelicity of style--he writes in an admixture of jargon, Quichua, other indigenous languages of the region, and Spanish--and inadequate grounding in the history of the region.

8177. Whitten, Norman E., Jr. and Dorothea S. Whitten. The Structure of Kinship and Marriage among the Canelos Quichua of East-Central Ecuador, Marriage Practices in Lowland South A merica, edited by Kenneth M. Kensinger (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984), p. 194-220.

COFAN ES

As of the early 1990s, there were approximately 500 Cofanes living along the Upper Aguaricio River, the Sinange River, and the Ecuadorian-Colombian border. The Cofanes appear to be a pre-Hispanic group. They are known to have resisted the Inca incursion led by Huayna Capac. Reduced in the second half of the twentieth century by Protestant missionaries associated with the SIL to several large, nucleated settlements, the Cofanes have not been well studied but see also the doctoral dissertations by Pinkley (item 8182) and Robinson (item 8183).

8178. Borman, Marlytte Bubs. El arte cofn en tejido de hamacas = T he Cofan A rt of Hammock Weaving. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1992. 27 p. (International Museum of Cultures Publications; 25) In Spanish and English. 8179. Borman, Marlytte Bubs. Cambios semnticos en la terminologa cofn del parentesco: costumbres matrimoniales de los Cofanes. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1982. 47 p. 8180. Borman, Marlytte Bubs. La cosmologa y la percepcin histrica de los Cofanes de acuerdo a sus leyendas = Cofn Cosmology and History as Revealed in T heir Legends. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1990. 430 p. (Cuadernos etnolingsticos; 10) In Spanish and English. 8181. Galliani, Eduardo. Una visita a las tribus Cofanes y Secoias del Ecuador, Geomundo (Panam), 2 (feb. 1985), 146-162. 8182. Pinkley, Homeser V. The Ethno-Ecology of the Kofn Indians. 1973. 259 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--Harvard University. 8183. Robinson, Scott S. Toward an Understanding of Kofan Shamanism. Ithaca, N.Y .: Cornell University, 1979. vi, 295 p. (Dissertation series, Cornell University. Latin American Studies Program; no. 74) 8184. Tidwell, Mike. A mazon Stanger. New York: Lyons & Burford, 1996. v, 214 p. A sympathetic account of the Cofan of Zbalo and their American leader, Randy Borman, and their joint efforts to safeguard their habitat and themselves as a people against the onslaught of the outside world, especially of oil exploiters. Eminently readable but regrettably neither illustrated nor indexed. There is not even a table of contents.

HUAORAN I (Aucas)

The Huaorani or Waorani, formerly know to the outside world, pejoratively, as Aucas--a generic term for enemies in Quechua and Quichua--were not well known as of the late 1990s, and may still not be well known. Traditionally the majority of information and misinformation came from the accounts of missionaries and travelers. But there are now some scholarly studies based on field work. The ancestral group of the Huaorani may have been the Aushiri, who were supposed to have been numerous at the beginning of the seventeenth century. But Laura Rival maintains that the Aushiri were in fact Zparos. What are facts is that prior to the 1956 massacre of the five North American evangelicals, hardly anything was known about these people, and that since then, much of our information comes from studies undertaken or sponsored by the Summer Institute of Linguistics.

8185. Baumann, Peter; and Erwin Patzelt. Menschen im Regenwald: Expedition A uka. Dusseldorf: Droste, 1975. 243 p. A show and tell book about the Huaorani and their territory. The text is by Baumann and the photographs are by Patzelt. Also published in French as: Les hommes de la foret de la pluie. Paris: Seghers, 1979. 290 p. 8186. Blomberg, Rolf. T he N aked A ucas: A n A ccount of the Indians of Ecuador, translated by F.H. Lyon. London: G. Allen, 1956. 191 p. Recollections of 1949 expedition into Auca country. Primarily an adventure tale. Originally published in Swedish as: Vildar, en Berttelse om A ucaindianerna i Ecuador. Stockholm: Il. Geber, 1949. 275 p. Also published in Spanish as: Los A ucas desnudos: una resea de los indios del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1996. 198 p. 8187. Broennimann, Peter. A uca of the Cononaco: Indians of the Ecuadorian Rain Forest. Basel: Birkhuser Verlag, 1981. 184 p. 8188. Elliot, Elisabeth. T he Savage My Kinsman. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1961. 159 p. A pseudo-ethnographic account by the widow of one of the five Protestant missionaries killed by Huaorani in 1956. Includes a foreword and photographs by Cornell Capa, a professional photographer for Life, the magazine. Should be read not so much as an account of the Aucas, but as a memoir by a Protestant Evangelical missionary of her efforts together with those of other missionaries to evangelize and civilize savages. 8189. Gartelmann, Karl Dieter. El mundo perdido de los A ucas = T he Lost World of the A ucas, 1 ed. Quito: Impr. Mariscal, 1977. 228 p. In Spanish, English, and German. 8190. Grau, Joaquin. Mi vida con los A ucas, 1 ed. Barcelona: Plaza & Janes, 1987. 219 p.

8191. Kane, Joe. Savages, 1st ed. New York: Knopf, 1995. xi, 273 p. Recounts the not altogether unsuccessful efforts of a Huaorani leader to obtain aid from the North American and Ecuadorian governments to stop the exploitation of his peoples territory by Maxus Energy and other petroleum companies. An engaging and eminently readable portrait of a people and a culture that few outsiders understand and even fewer seem capable of depicting in intelligible prose. 8192. Karttunen, Frances. Between Worlds: Interpreters, Guides, and Survivors. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1994. 364 p. Includes a chapter on Dayome (aka Dayuma), the Huaorani woman who served as an intermediary between some of her people and Rachael Saint. 8193. N aufragos del mar verde: la resistencia de los Huaorani a una integracin impuesta, Giovanna Tassi, coordinadora. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala : Confederacin de Nacionalidades Indgenas de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana, 1992. 178 p. 8194. Parlow, Anita. Worlds in Collision: As Petroleum Development Encroaches on Their Lands, Amazonias Huaorani People Relize They Must Organize To Survive It, A micus Journal, 13 (Spring 1991), 33-37. 8195. Patzelt, Erwin. Hijos de la selva ecuatoriana: de brujos y bodequeros, una contribucin a la antropologa. Guayaquil: Colegio Alemn Humboldt, 1973. [42] p. Chiefly ill. 8196. Rival, Laura. The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest, Man, 28:4 (Dec. 1993), 635-652. Maintains that the Huaoranis conceptualization of their society is informed by their perceptions of differential growth processes in their forest environment, as well as by certain important symbiotic relations existing between plants, animals and people. 8197. Rival, Laura. Los indgenas Huaorani en la conciencia nacional: alteridad representada y significada, Imgines e imagineros (item 1940), p. 253-292. Examines the negative image of the Aucas as of 1956, when they assassinated five Protestant missionaries, and were therefore bad savages, and as of 1987, when two Catholics religious, a bishop and nun, were killed, but this time around by good savages. The point of this essay is that very few outsiders, including scholars who pride themselves on their objectivity, have attempted to acquaint themselves with the Huaorani as a people with a culture and a polity of their own. 8198. Smith, Randy. Drama bajo el manto amaznico: el turismo y otros problemas de los Huaorani en la actualidad = Crisis under the Canopy: Tourism and Other Problems Facing the Present Day Huaorani , 1 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1993. xxiii, 375 p. In Spanish and English. 8199. Yost, James A. El desarrollo comunitario y la supervivencia etnica: el caso de los Huaorani, A mazonia ecuatoriana. Quito: Instituto Lingstico de Verano, 1979. 29 p.

8200. Yost, James A. Twenty Years of Contact: the Mechanisms of Change in Wao ( <Auca) Culture, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 677704. The years in question are 1958-1977. Focuses on two agents of change, the Summer Institute of Linguistics (including the author himself as well as the controversial Rachael Saint) and quichuaized Huaorani women such as Dayome. 8201. Yost, James A.; and Patricia M. Kelley. Shotguns, Blowguns, and Spears: the Analysis of Technological Efficiency, A daptive Responses of N ative A mazonians, edited by Raymond B. Hames [and] William T. Vickers (New York: Academic Press, 1983), p. 189-224. Demonstrates that shotguns (modern technology) are not necessarily more effective than blowguns and spears (traditional technology) in hunting and that the Huaorani apparently have no preference but employ shotguns, blowguns, or spears in accordance with the type of game sought.

QU IJOS QU ICHU A

Also known as Napo Quichua, as of the 1990s, this group had not been well studied by anthropologists and other scholars. But see also Udo Oberems ethnohistory thereof, Los Quijos (item 6509).

8202. Macdonald, Theodore, Jr. Indigenous Response to an Expanding Frontier: Jungle Quichua Economic Conversion to Cattle Ranching, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 356-383. A case study of Pasu Urcu. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. 8203. Macdonald, Theodore, Jr. Processes of Change in Amazonian Ecuador: Quijos Quichua Indians Become Cattlemen. 1979. x, 365 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Published in Spanish as: De cazadores a ganaderos: cambios en la cultura y economa de los Quijos Quichua, traduccin del ingls de Rosa M. Plit [et al.] Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1984. 280 p. 8204. Los Quichuas del Coco y el N apo. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Escuela de Sociologa, 1969. 158 p. 8205. Santos Ortiz de Villalba, Juan. Desde el rincn del brujo: aos de cambio entre los Quichuas del N apo. Pompeya: Vicariato Apostlico de Aguarico, 1990. 307 p.

SHU AR (Jvaros)

See also Josep Maria Fericglas Los Jbaros, cazadores de sueos: diario de un antroplogo entre los Shuar: experimentos con la ayawasca. Barcelona: Integral, 1994. 320 p.

8206. Allioni, Miguel. La vida del pueblo shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 235 p. 8207. Alvarez Mio, Carlos. Las selvas del Oriente ecuatoriano: costumbres del Jbaro, ed. ilustrada. Quito: Edit. Artes Grficas, 1934. x, 187 p. 8208. Amaluiza, Cecilia; and Mariana Segovia. Un grupo shuar amarginado y dependiente. Suca: Mundo Shuar, [1972?]. 175 p. 8209. Antun Tsamaraint, Raquel Y .; and Vctor Hilario Chiriap Inchit. Tsentsak: la experiencia chamnica en el pueblo shuar. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Bomboiza: Instituto Normal Bilinge Intercultural Shuar-Bomboiza, 1991. 145 p. Consists of two separate studies: Raquel Y . Antun Tsamaraint, El papel del uwishin en la vida social y repercusin de la brujera en la vida diaria; and Vctor Hilario Chiriap Inchit, La experiencia chamnica en el pueblo shuar. 8210. A rtesanas y tcnicas shuar, Csar Bianchi [et al.]. Quito: Ediciones Mundo Shuar, 1982. 475 p. 8211. Barrueco, Domingo. Mitos y leyendas shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1985. 106 p. 8212. Belzner, William. Music, Modernization, and Westernization among the Macuma Shuar, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 731-748. Argues that Shuar responses, at least in the case of Macuma, to westernizing and modernizing pressures are contained in nuclear, unelaborated form in their musical conceptual system and acted out within the values shaping their traditional ethos. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. 8213. Bianchi, Csar. A dornos. Suca: Centro de Documentacin, Investigacin y Publicaciones, 1978. 81 p. 8214. Bianchi, Csar. La casa shuar. Suca: Centro de Documentacin, Investigacin y Publicaciones, 1978. 73 p. 8215. Bianchi, Csar. La cocina y la comida. Suca: Centro de Documentacin, Investigacin y Publicaciones, 1978. 83 p. 8216. Bianchi, Csar. Hombre y mujer en la sociedad shuar. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1989. 136 p. Reprint; originally published: Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 8217. Bianchi, Csar. El Shuar y el ambiente: conocimiento del medio y cacera no destructiva. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1981. 270 p. 8218. Bitsch, Jorgen. Jivaro. Copenhagen: Grafisk Forlag, 1958. 191 p.

Also published in English as: A cross the River of Death: True A dventure in the Green Hell of the A mazon. London: Souvenir Press, 1958. 200 p. 8219. Caldern, Alfonso. La vivienda shuar y achuar en su entorno socio-cultural y geogrfico, La Regin amaznica ecuatoriana (item 6541), p. 25-49. 8220. Colinari, Giusseppie Angelo. Osservazioni etnografiche sui Givari. Roma: Salviucci, 1883. 47 p. 8221. Cotlow, Lewis Nathaniel. A mazon Head-Hunters. New York: Holt, 1953. 245 p. 8222. Chinkim, Juank Luis A.; Mankash Ral Petsein U.; and Juan Jos Jimpikit M. El tigre y la anaconda. Bomboiza: Instituto Bilinge Intercultural Shuar; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, , 1987. 178 p. Contents: Juank Luis A. Chinkim, Arutam, fuerza espiritual del Shuar; Mankash Ral Petsein U., Arutam, protector del hombre shuar; and Juan Jos Jimpikit M., Mundo espiritual y espritu en la concepcin shuar. 8223. Chumpi Kayap, Mara Magdalena. Los anent: expresin religiosa y familiar de los Shuar. Bomboiza: Instituto Normal Bilinge Intercultural Shuar; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 64 p. 8224. Descola, Philippe; and Anne-Christine Taylor. El conjunto jvaro en los comienzos de la conquista espaola del Alto Amazonas, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 10:3/4 (1981), 7-54. 8225. Dolinger, Jane. T he Head With the Long Yellow Hair. London: R. Hale, 1958. 189 p. The authors experiences during an expedition through Jivaro territory. 8226. La Familia shuar y la vida social, Juan Bottasso, [compilador]. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1988. 108 p. 8227. Flornoy, Bertrand. Haut-A mazone: trois franais, chez les Indiens reducteurs de tetes. Paris: Plon, 1939. vi, 273 p. Semi-adventure, semi-ethnography. Also published in English as: Jivaro: among the Headwaters of the A mazon, translated by Jean Pace. New York: Elek, 1953. 224 p. And in Spanish as: A lto A mazonas, traduccin de Jacobo Danke. Santiago de Chile: Zig-Zag, 1940. 251 p. The headwaters in question correspond to the Bobonaza River. 8228. Galliani, Eduardo. Los Shuares del Ecuador se organizan ante el reto del futuro, Geomundo (Panam), 3 (mar. 1986), 275-288. 8229. Gnerre, Maurizio. The Decline of Dialogue: Ceremonial and Mythological Discourse among the Shuar and the Achuar, N ative South A merican Discourse, edited by Joel Sherzer and Greg Urban (Berlin: Mouton, 1986), p. 307-341. 8230. Hanzelka, Jir; and Miroslav Zikmund. A mazon Headhunters, translated by Olga Kuthanov. Prague: Artia, 1963. 299 p.

Unfortunately the library records I saw of this work are incorrect. It should be entered under Zikmund as he is the first author named. An account of the authorss 1949(?) adventures and misadventures by car in Guayaquil, up to Quito, around and about the highlands, and down into Jivaro country. Profusely illustrated with black-and-white photographs. 8231. Harner, Michael J. T he Jivaro: People of the Sacred Waterfalls. Garden City: Doubleday for the American Museum of Natural History, 1972. 233 p. Reprinted with a new preface by the author, including a bibliographic update: Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. xx, 233 p. Also published in Spanish as: Shuar: pueblo de las cascadas sagradas, 3 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1994. 237 p. 8232. Harner, Michael J. Technological and Social Change among the Eastern Jivaro, A ctas y memorias, XXXVII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Repblica Argentina, 1986, vol. 1 (Buenos Aires: Departamento de Publicaciones Cientficas Argentinas, 1968), p. 363-388. 8233. Hendricks, Janet Wall. Images of Tradition: Ideological Transformations among the Shuar. 1986. xii, 279 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1986. 8234. Hendricks, Janet Wall. Manipulating Time in an Amazonian Society: Genre and Event among the Shuar, Journal of Folklore Research, 27:1/2 (Jan./Aug. 1990), 11-28. 8235. Hendricks, Janet Wall. Power and Knowledge: Discourse and Ideological Transformation among the Shuar, A merican Ethnologist, 15:2 (May 1989), 216-237. 8236. Hendricks, Janet Wall. Symbolic Counterhegemony among the Ecuadorian Shuar, N ation-States and Indians in Latin A merica, edited by Greg Urban and Joel Sherzer (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991), p. 53-70. Argues that the Shuar resist loss of cultural identity and incorporation into national (i.e., Ecuadorian) culture through the use of correct rhetoric, achieved through visions. 8237. Hendricks, Janet Wall. To Drink of Death: T he N arrative of a Shuar Warrior. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1993. xiv, 316 p. Transcribes, translates, and dissects the life story of Tukup, one of the last traditional Shuar warriors. Employs discourse and qualitative analysis. Written for specialists. 8238. Jimpikit, Carmelina; and Gladys Antun. Los nombres shuar: significado y conservacin . Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Bomboiza: Instituto Normal Bilinge Intercultural ShuarBomboiza, 1991. 114 p. 8239. Johnson, Paul C. Shamanism from Ecuador to Chicago: a Case Study in New Age Ritual Appropriation, Religion, 25:2 (Apr. 1995), 163-178. 8240. Karsten, Rafael. Bland indianer i Ekvadors urskogar: tre ars resor och forskningar. Helsinki: Soderstrom, 1920-1921. 2 v. in 1 (406 p.). Also published in Spanish as: Entre los indios de las selvas del Ecuador: tres aos de viajes e investigaciones, 1 ed. en castellano. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1998. 397 p.

8241. Karsten, Rafael. Blood Revenge, War and Victory Feasts A mong the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1923. 94 p. 8242. Karsten, Rafael. Contributions to the Sociology of the Indian Tribes of Ecuador: T hree Essays. New York: AMS Press, 1980. 75 p. Reprint; originally published: Abo: Abo Akademi, 1920. 8243. Karsten, Rafael. T he Headhunters of Western A mazonas: the Life and Culture of the Jivaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador and Peru. New York: AMS Press, 1979. xvi, 598 p. Reprint; originally published: Helsingfors: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1935. Also published in Spanish as: La vida y la cultura de los Shuar, 1 ed. Guayaquil: Museo, Banco Central del Ecuador; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988-1989. 2 v. The first comprehensive as well as ethnographically sound study of the Shuar. 8244. Karsten, Rafael. Mitos de los indios Jbaros (Shuara) del Oriente del Ecuador, Boletn de la Sociedad Ecuatoriana de Estudios Histricos A mericanos, 2:4 (mayo/jun. 1919), 325339. 8245. Karsten, Rafael. The Religion of the Jibaro Indians of Eastern Ecuador, Boletn de la A cademia N acional de Historia, 3:6 (jul./ago. 1921), 124-145; 4:10/11 (mar./jun. 1922), 309-330. 8246. Kroeger, Axel; and Franoise Barbira-Freedman. Cultural Change and Health: T he Case of South A merican Rainforest Indians with Special Reference to the Shuar/A chuar of Ecuador. Frankfurt: Verlag Peter Lang, 1982. 65 p. Also published in Spanish as: Cambio cultural y salud: con especial referencia a los Shuar-A chuar. Suca: Ediciones Mundo Shuar, 1984. 120 p. 8247. Lombardo Otero de Soto, Rosa Mara. Los Jbaros. Mxico, D.F.: [s.n.], 1950. 116 p. 8248. Mashinkias, Manuel; and Mariana Awak Tentets. La selva, nuestra vida: sabidura ecolgica del pueblo shuar. Quito: Abya Yala; Morona Santiago: Instituto Bilinge Intercultural Shuar, 1986. 129 p. 8249. Munzel, Mark. Schrumpfkopf-Macher?: Jibaro-Indianer in Sudamerika. Frankfurt am Main: Museum fur Volkerkunde, 1977. 424 p. 8250. Muriel, Ins. Contribucin a la cultura musical de los Jvaros del Ecuador, Folklore americano, 21 (jun. 1976), 141-157. A brief study of the musical instruments employed by Shuar and representative examples of drinking songs, songs of war, songs of love, and the Canto de pjaro tucn. The author is a professional musicologist. 8251. Napolitano, Emanuela. Shuar y anent: el canto sagrado en la historia de un pueblo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. iii, 200 p. A descriptive and interpretative study of sacred songs ( anent).

8252. Pellizzaro, Siro M. A rutam: mitos de los espritus y ritos para propiciarlos: A rutam. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1976. 195 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 1) 8253. Pillizzaro, Siro M. A rutam: mitologa shaur, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Movimientos Laicos para Amrica Latina, 1990. 261 p. 8254. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Ayumpm: la reduccin de las cabezas cortadas. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1980. 322 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 5) 8255. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Cultura shuar: una civilizacin desconocida: investigaciones realizadas en idoma Shuar. Cuenca: Edit. Don Bosco, 1972. 82 p. Cover title: Leyendas shauras: Oriente ecuatoriano. 8256. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Etsa e Iwia: la lucha eterna. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1977. 141 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 6) Cover title: Etsa: defensor del pueblo shuar. 8257. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Etsa: el modelo del hombre shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1982. 301 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 7) 8258. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Iwianch: el mundo de los muertos. Suca: Mundo Shuar, [1978?]. 255 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 12) 8259. Pellizzaro, Siro M. N unkui: el modelo de la mujer shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 258 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 8) 8260. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Shakaim: mitos de la selva y del desmonte. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1977. 210 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 10) 8261. Pellizzaro, Siro M. T cnicas y estructuras familiares de los Shuar. Suca: Federacin de Centros Shuar, 1973. 65 p. 8262. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Tsantsa: la celebracin de la cabeza reducida: tsantsa. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1980. 352 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 9) 8263. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Tsunki: el mundo del agua y de los poderes fecundantes. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1979. 191 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 2) 8264. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Uwi: la celebracin de la vida y de la fecundidad. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 181 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 11) Originally published as: La celebracin de Uwi. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1978. 159 p. 8265. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Uwishn: iniciacin, ritos y cantos de los chamanes. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 296 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 3) 8266. Pellizzaro, Siro M. Wee: mitos de la sal y ritos para obtenerla. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1979. 111 p. (Mitologa Shuar; t. 4) 8267. Pellizzaro, Siro M.; Jos Arnalot; and Silvio Broseghini. La muerte y los entierros. Suca: Mundo Shuar, Centro de Documentacin, Investigacin y Publicaciones, 1978. 107 p.

8268. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. La nacin shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1977-1978. 5 v. 8269. Pierre, Franois. Voyages dexploration dun missionaire dominicain chez lez tribus suavage de lEquateur. Paris: Bureau de lAnnee dominicaine, 1889. x, 334 p. A classic, late nineteenth-century account of the peoples now known as the Shuar and the Achuar. Also published in Spanish as: Viaje de exploracin al Oriente ecuatoriano, 1887-1888, 2 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1990. 262 p. 8270. Redmond, Elsa M. Tribal and Chiefly Warfare in South A merica. Ann Arbor: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1994. xii, 148 p. 8271. Rivet, Paul. Les indiens Jibaros, LA nthropologie, 18 (1907), 363-368, 538-618; 19 (1908), 69-87, 235-259. 8272. Rosero, Magdalena. La espiritualidad de los Shuar. Suca: Federacin Provincial de Centros Shuaras, 1972. 57, [5] p. 8273. Rueda, Marco Vinicio. Un hombre mtico shuar: los mitos shuar, Revista de la Universidad Catlica, 7:21 (mar. 1979), 43-81. 8274. Salazar, Ernesto. The Federacin Shuar and the Colonization Frontier, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 589-613. An abridged and revised version of item 6555. Also published in Spanish in item 8127. 8275. Santana, Roberto. Le projet shuar et la stratgie de colonisation du sud-est quatorien, Travaux et mmoires de lInstitut des hautes tudes de lA mrique latine, 32 (1978), 5566. 8276. Sarmiento, Alberto. La heroina de Motolo: vida y costumbres de los Jbaros. Quito: [s.n.], 1961. 114 p. 8277. Setenta mitos shuar, edicin de Marco Vinicio Rueda; texto recogido magnetofnicamente por Ricardo Tankamash; traduccin del shuar al castellano por Ricardo Tankamash y Ampn Karkras. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 289 p. In Shuar and Spanish. 8278. Simson, Alfred. Notes on the Jivaros and Canelos Indians, Journal of the A nthropological Institute of Great Britain, 9 (1880), 385-393. 8279. Stirling, Matthew W. Historical and Ethnographical Material on the Jivaro Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1938. 148 p. 8280. Taylor, Anne-Christine. Lart de la reduction: la guerre et les mecanismes de la differenciation tribale dans la culture Jivaro, Journal de la Socit des amricanistes, 71 (1985), 159-184.

Utilizes historical and ethnographic sources to demonstrate that the Shuar and the Achuar have traditionally practiced two different types of warfare: intratribal vendettas and intertribal head-hunting. 8281. Taylor, Anne-Christine. Una categora irreductible en el conjunto de las naciones indgenas: los Jvaro en las representaciones occidentales, Imgines e imagineros (item 1940), p. 75-107. A fascinating study of the differing perceptions of the Jvaros or Shuar and Achuar through time, as perceived by Catholic missionaries in the seventeenth centuries, by creoles in the eighteenth, by scientific travelers in the nineteenth, by ethnographers and by themselves in the twentieth. 8282. Taylor, Anne-Christine. La invencin del Jvaro: notas etnogrficas sobre una fantasma occidental, Memorias del primer Simposio Europeo sobre A ntropologa del Ecuador (item 603), p. 277-289. A preliminary version of item 8281. 8283. Tiwintza: la dignidad de un pueblo, 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Jos Peralta, 1995. 246 p. 8284. Vacas Galindo, Enrique. N ankijukima: religin, usos y costumbres de los salvajes del Oriente del Ecuador. Ambato: Impr. T. Merino, 1895. 349 p. A knowledgeable but semifictionalized account based on many years of missionary experience among the Shuar. Considered by some authorities (e.g., Angel F. Rojas) to be a quasi-novel. 8285. La Vida del pueblo shuar, Miguel Allioni [et al.]. Quito: Mundo Shuar, 1978. 235 p. 8286. Vigna, Juan. Bosquejo sobre los indios Shuaras o Jbaros, A mrica indgena, 5:1 (ene./mar. 1945), 35-49. 8287. Von Hagen, Victor Wolfgang. Off With T heir Heads. New York: Macmillan, 1937. 320 p. Popular account of Shuar and Achuar. Somewhat useful for coeval data. 8288. Waisbard, Simone. Chez les chasseurs de ttes dA mazonie. Paris: Socit continentale deditions modernes illustres, 1969. 360 p. 8289. Wavirn, Robert, Marquis de. Los Jvaros: reducteurs de tetes recit desploration. Paris: Payot, 1941. 212 p. 8290. Wierhake, Gunda. La cultura material shuar en la historia: estudio de las fuentes del siglo XVI al XIX . Suca: Mundo Shuar; Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985. 166 p. 8291. Wierhake, Gunda. Der Schmuck der Jvaro in der Darstellung der schriftlichen Quellen des 16. bis 19. Jahrhunderts, Beitrge zur Kulturgeschichte des westlichen Sdamerika, Albert Meyers, Martin Volland (Hrsg.) (Opladen: Westdeutschler Verlag, 1990), p. 183-206.

SIONAS / SECOYAS

The Sionas and Secoyas are small, closely related ethnic groups. The Siona live along the Shushufindi, Aguarico, and Cuyabeno rivers. The Secoya also along the Aguarico and Cuyabeno. As of the early 1990s, there were some 200 Siona and 300 Secoya. Both groups were in danger of extinction. Hopefully this has not happened. Culturally and linguistically the Sionas and Secoyas were/are related to Western Tucanos. The principal students of the Siona and Secoya Indians were Langdon (items 8293 and 8294) and Vickers (items 8296-8302).

8292. Cipolletti, Mara Susana. A ipe koka, la palabra de los antiguos: tradicin oral sionasecoya. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 286 p. 8293. Langdon, Esther Jean. Mulheres na ideologia e na vida cotidiana dos Siona, Boletim de cincias sociais, 45 (abr./jun. 1987), 20-31. 8294. Langdon, Esther Jean. The Siona Hallucinogenic Ritual: Its Meaning and Power, Understanding Religion and Culture: A nthropological and T heological Perspectives, edited by John H. Morgan (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1979), p. 58-86. See also Langdons 1974 doctoral dissertation: The Siona Medical System: Beliefs and Behavior (Tulane Univesity). And her more recent: Dau: Shamanic Power in Siona Religion and Medicine, Portals of Power: Shamanism in South A merica, edited by E. Jean Mateson Langdon and Gerhard Baer (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1992), p. 41-62. 8295. Moya, Ruth. Requiem por los espejos y los tigres: una aproximacin a la literatura y lengua secoyas. Quito: Oficina Regional de Cultura para Amrica Latina y el Caribe: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1992. 378 p. 8296. Vickers, William T. Cultural Adaptation to Amazonian Habitats: The SionaSecoya of Eastern Ecuador. 1976. 368 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida. A detailed study of Siona / Secoya adaptation to and exploitation of their environment. Published in Spanish as: Los Sionas y Secoyas: su adaptacin al ambiente amaznico. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Roma: MLAL, 1989. 374 p. 8297. Vickers, William T. Ideation as Adaptation: Traditional Belief and Modern Intervention in Siona-Secoya Religion, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 705-730. Examines the impact of the acculturation and proselytization programs of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, nominally on behalf of the Ministry of Public Education, and of the Instituto Nacional de Colonizacin de la Regin Amaznica Ecuatoriana, on this ethnic group. 8298. Vickers, William T. El mundo espiritual de los Sionas, Periplo: revista del Instituto de la Caza Fotogrfica y Ciencias de la N aturaleza, 4 (1975), 13-23. 8299. Vickers, William T. Native Amazonian Subsistence in Diverse Habitats: the SionaSecoya of Ecuador, Changing A gricultural Systems in Latin A merica, Emilio F. Morn, guest editor (Williamsburg: Department of Anthropology, College of William and Mary, 1978), p. 6-36.

8300. Vickers, William T. Territorial Dimensions of Siona-Secoya and Encabellado Adaptation, A daptive Responses of N ative A mazonians, edited by Raymond B. Hames [and] William T. Vickers (New York: Academic Press, 1983), p. 451-478. A study of the spatial organization of the Siona-Secoya community of San Pablo . . . Focuses on the interaction between space utilization and conditioning of the size of the space by ecological and technological factors. 8301. Vickers, William T. Traditional Concepts of Power among the Siona-Secoya and the Advent of the Nation-State, Latin A merican A nthropology Review, 1:2 (1989), 55-60. 8302. Vickers, William T.; and Timothy Plowman. Useful Plants of the Siona and Secoya Indians of Eastern Ecuador. Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1984. iv, 63 p.

SOCIAL CON DITION S

General and Miscellaneous Works

8303. Albuja Punina, Ignacio. Lo urbano y lo rural, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 176-227. A relatively sophisticated analysis of the urban/rural structure of the country as of the midtwentieth century. The author takes into account occupation and ethnicity as well as the urban/rural variable. 8304. Argello Lpez, Carlos. Ecuador 2000. Quito: Tall. Grf. Formugraf, 1990. 122 p. 8305. Astudillo A., Csar. Clases y castas en el Ecuador, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 255-296. A quasi-useless essay on class and race structures. Based on pseudo-Marxism on the one hand and crude qualitative analysis on the other. 8306. Aulestia, Alfonso. La poblacin rural y su nivel de vida, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 157-175. A quantitative analysis of the rural population and its standard of living between and inclusive of 1950-1955 by a competent statistician. 8307. Bautz, Wolfgang. Clases sociales en el Ecuador: un caso de la estructura social en el capitalismo perifrico, Lateinamerika, 22:1 (1987), 100-116. Examines the impact of agrarian reforms of 1964 and 1979 on the social structures of the country. 8308. Bossano, Luis. El campesino ecuatoriano. Buenos Aires: Edicin de la Revista Americana de Buenos Aires, 1937. 92 p. 8309. Brownrigg, Leslie Ann. A l futuro desde la experiencia: los pueblos indgenas y el manejo del medio ambiente. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 243 p. 8310. Buitrn, Anbal. Discriminacin y transculturacin, A mrica indgena, 18:1 (ene./mar. 1958), 7-15. Maintains that indigenous peoples have been discriminated against for cultural, not for racial, reasons and that discrimination was declining as of the 1950s. 8311. Las Clases sociales en el Ecuador: enfoque especial de la clase media, Plutarco Vzquez [et al.], Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 357381. A student exercise. As such important as an example of what was being taught in colleges and universities, at least at the Universidad Central del Ecuador, as of the mid 1950s.

8312. Clavijo Martnez, Ezequiel. La condicin social y jurdica de los trabajadores agrcolas ecuatorianos, A nales de la Universidad de Cuenca, 5:3/4 (1950), 107-200. 8313. Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (1 : 1957: Cuenca, Ecuador). Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana: Cuenca, mayo 20-24, 1957. Cuenca: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Azuay, 1959-1960. 2 v. 8314. Cornejo, Justino. Los que tenemos de mandinga: (prohibida para negros, zambos, mulatos y otros de igual ralea) . Guayaquil: Edit. Gregorio, 1974. 186 p. A classic albeit somewhat impressionistic statement of the extent to which the culture as well as the population of the country had become hybrid by the third quarter of the twentieth century. 8315. La Crisis y el desarrollo social en el Ecuador: la especial situacin de la infancia, 1980-1990, Csar Montfar [et al.]. Quito: Desarrollo y Autogestin: Edit. El Conejo: UNICEF, 1990. 367 p. An anthology of twelve articles on the social and economic consequences, particularly for mothers and children, of the economic crisis of the 1980s. 8316. La cultura sexual de los adolescentes, Rodrigo Tenorio A. [et al.]. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1995. 542 p. 8317. Cueva Jaramillo, Juan. Relaciones intertnicas: ensayo de acercamiento al caso ecuatoriano, Bulletin de lInstitut franais detudes andines, 3:3 (1974), 23-30. 8318. El Chagra, Fabin Corral Burbano de Lara [et al.]. Quito: F. Corral B., 1993. 180 p. A good introduction to the mestizo culture of the rural highlands, especially of the central highlands. Emphasizes the chagra as cowboy. Well illustrated. Includes some historical data and reproductions of photographs. Unfortunately, the authors have not specified where and when the most of the photographs were taken. 8319. De Vries, Lucie. Poltica lingstica en Ecuador, Per y Bolivia. Quito: Proyecto EBI; CEDIME, 1988. 150 p. 8320. El Desarrollo del Ecuador: perspectivas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1982. 35 p. 8321. Daz, Oswaldo. El negro y el indio en la sociedad ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Bogot: Ediciones Tercer Mundo, 1978. 73 p. Contents: Relaciones sociales dentro de una sociedad multiracial; Vida escolar de un indgena ecuatoriano. 8322. Ecuador, los costos sociales del ajuste, 1980-1990, edicin de Ricardo Infante. Santiago de Chile: OIT, PREALC, 1992. 2 v. Examines the social costs of the austerity programs of the 1980s. 8323. Ecuador multinacional: conciencia y cultura, Segundo E. Moreno Ynez [et al.], 1a ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala: Centro Ecuatoriano de Desarrollo de la Comunidad, 1989. 272 p.

A set of essays on various aspects of ethnic and cultural pluralism. Prepared as background papers for seminars on differences in psychological make-up of mestizos and indios. 8324. Espinosa Tamayo, Alfredo. Psicologa y sociologa del pueblo ecuatoriano, estudio introductorio de Arturo Andrs Roig. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editoria Nacional, 1979. 363 p. (Biblioteca bsica del pensamiento ecuatoriano; 2) Originally published: Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1918. 200 p. Also: 2 ed. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1985. Both BCE/CEN editions include an introductory essay by Arturo Andrs Roig on Los comienzos del pensamiento social y los orgenes de la sociologa en el Ecuador (p. 9-127). An early-twentieth-century attempt to delineate and to explicate the characteristics and problems of the country from the vantage of the then infant disciplines of psychology and sociology. 8325. Espinosa Zevallos, Javier. A culturacin de indgenas en la ciudad de Guayaquil: estudio de grupo. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Ncleo del Guayas, 1965. 36 p. Although not an in-depth study, nonetheless, important because it was one of the few works onand apparently also the earliest methodologically sound study ofthe problems faced by Indian migrants from the highlands in the port city. Focuses on a group from the Province of Caar. 8326. Espinosa Zevallos, Javier. El status de los grupos indgenas en la actual estratificacin social del Ecuador y la teora de condicionamiento tnico, A mrica indgena, 35:1 (ene./mar.1975), 121-136. Postulates that social stratification and therefore status in Ecuador is determined by five variables: ethnic, educational, patrimonial (i.e., family), political, and economic. As of the late 1990s, no one appears to have applied Espinosas promising paradigm to the social history of the country. 8327. Fierro, Eugenia; and Mara Elena Ontaneda. Algunos aspectos del problema de la vivienda en el Ecuador: complejidad del mutualismo, Quitumbe, 4:4 (1976), 85-102. 8328. Fierro Ruz, Wistting. Los ecuatorianos despreciados y humillados. Cuenca: Publicaciones y Papeles, 1979. 138 p. 8329. Fieweger, Mary Ellen. Stolen Children and International Adoptions, Child Welfare, 70:2 (Mar./Apr. 1991), 285-291. By the 1980s, if not earlier, Ecuador had become a source of children for childless parents in the developed countries. As of 1987 and 1988, some of the children being supplied to European and North American parents had been kidnaped. 8330. Forman, Sylvia Helen. Law and Conflict in Rural Highland Ecuador. 1972. iv, 287 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of California, Berkeley. Should have been included under Etnografa: Sierra. An ethnography of Central Chimborazo, especially of the Lake Colta area.

8331. Gangotena Granizo, Francisco Javier. Peasant Social Articulation and Surplus Transference: An Ecuadorian Case. 1981. ix, 204 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of Florida. 8332. Garcs, Victor Gabriel. Ensayos sociolgicos. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1966. 158 p. 8333. Garcs, Victor Gabriel. Indigenismo. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1957. 286 p. 8334. Garca, Mauricio; and Amalia Mauro. El orden de adentro y el orden de afuera: unidades domsticas urbanas, reproduccin y polticas sociales. Quito: CEPLAES, 1992. vii, 103 p. 8335. Garca Ortiz, Humberto. La clase media en el Ecuador, Materiales para el estudio de la clase media en Colombia, Ecuador y la Repblica Dominicana, edicin y recopilacin de Theo R. Grevenna (Washington, D.C.: Pan American Union, 1951), p. 15-30. 8336. Goncharova, Tatiana Viktorovna. Indeanizm-ideologiia i politika: Boliviia, Peru, Ekvador, 50-60-e gody XX v. Moskva: Nauka, 1979. 199 p. A Marxist-Leninist commentary on socioeconomic, and political conditions in the central Andean republics during the 1950s and 1960s. 8337. Gonzlez S., Vctor A. Las tierras comunales en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1982. 109 p. 8338. Green, Lawrence S. Nutrition and Behavior in Highland Ecuador. 1976. lxii, 460 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of Pennsylvania. 8339. Guzmn Carrasco, Marco Antonio. Bicentralismo y pobreza en el Ecuador. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1994. 328 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; vol. 43) 8340. Haro, Juan B. Las desviaciones de la conducta en la infancia: investigaciones para la prctica de la reeducacin y tratamiento de los menores. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1937. 61 p. A study of adolescent delinquency in the capital during the 1930s. Quantitative as well as qualitative. 8341. Henrquez, Guillermo; and Enrique Santos. Metodologa para el tratamiento de la informacin de fuentes estadsticas en el estudio de las clases sociales en el Ecuador, Revista del IDIS, 26 (dic. 1990), 9-36. 8342. Hernndez Casas de Benenati, Elena. Los factores socio-culturales del desarrollo en el Ecuador, Latino A mrica: anuario de estudios latinoamericanos, 14 (1981), 71-108. Delineates social and economic obstacles to development. 8343. Herrera Gil, Miguel. El desarrollo socio-econmico en el Ecuador: realidad o ficcin, Desarrollo y cambio socio-econmico en el Ecuador (Quito: Centro Andino de Estudios e Investigaciones, 1979), p. 71-118.

8344. Los Hijos de la deuda: un anlisis de la situacin de la infancia en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Desarrollo y Autogestin: Grupo de Trabajo sobre Deuda Externa y Desarrollo, 1990. 113 p. 8345. Hurel Cepeda, Jorge. Estudio biolgico sobre el campesino ecuatoriano. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1958. 101 p. 8346. Hurtado, Osvaldo; and Hernn Salgado. Dos mundos superpuestos: ensayo de diagnstico de la realidad ecuatoriana, 3 ed. actualizada. Quito: INEDES, 1980. 263 p. A seminal work that has become a classic analysis of the social reality of late twentiethcentury Ecuador. The first edition appeared in 1969 in 258 p. 8347. Jaramillo Tern, Antonio. Memoria del infiernillo: crnica de la delincuencia juvenil en Quito. Quito: Cedigraf, 1986. 245 p. 8348. Kessler, E.; and J. Collyer. Planning for Housing: Working Boys Center, Quito, Ecuador, Ekistics, 39 (June 1975), 398-404.

8349. Klak, Thomas. Contextualizing State Housing Programs in Latin America: Evidence from Leading Housing Agencies in Brazil, Ecuador, and Jamaica, Environment and Planning A , 25:5 (May 1993), 653-676. 8350. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos. La estructura social ecuatoriana entre 1960 y 1979, N ueva historia del Ecuador (item 615), vol. 11, p. 97-147. A significant attempt to delineate continuity and change in the socioeconomic structures of the city and the countryside, of the highlands and of the coast during the 1970s. Multi-variant and methodologically sophisticated in analysis. Relatively free from ideological bias and political cant. An impressive and important piece. 8351. Larrea Maldonado, Carlos. Pobreza, necesidades bsicas, y desempleo: rea urbana del Ecuador. Quito: INEM/ILDIS, 1990. 1 v. An analysis of satisfaction of basic needs. Based on a 1988 survey of urban households. 8352. Linke, Lilo; and Miguel Albornoz. El Comercio de Quito y la Misin A ndina del Ecuador: reportajes y comentarios de peridico y de sus colaboradores. Quito: Edit. La Unin, 1961. 70 p. 8353. Lowder, Stella. The Limitations of Planned Land Development for Low-Income Housing in Third World Cities, Urban Studies, 30 (Aug. 1993), 1241-1255. 8354. Luzuriaga C., Carlos; and Mariana Mora. A nlisis sobre la pobreza. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo: Coordinacin General del Frente Social, 1993. 104 p Contents: Carlos Luzuriaga C., Naturaleza y caractersticas (p. 1-60); Mariana Mora, Cuantificacin e identificacin de areas crticas (p. 61-104). 8355. Mancero Samn, Alfredo. Seguridad social y vejez: la privatizacin de los fondos de pensiones. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios para el Desarrollo, 1994. 282 p.

Both an analysis of the system as of the early 1990s and an argument against the privatization of the Seguro Social Ecuatoriano. 8356. McKee, Lauris A. Ideas and Actualities: The Socialization of Gender-Appropriate Behavior in an Ecuadorian Village. 1980. viii, 277 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)Cornell University. Examines the differences in male and female roles in the mestizo and Indian community of Las Flores in the Province of Tungurahua. 8357. Memorias del II Congreso de Facultades y Escuelas de Sociologa del Ecuador: aspectos sociopolticos del desarrollo capitalista en el Ecuador. Cuenca: Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas de la Universidad de Cuenca, 1981-1982. 2 v. (596 p.). 8358. Mera Oviedo, Mentor. El proceso sociolgico del Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamn Carrin, 1987. 354 p. 8359. Monsalve Pozo, Luis. El indio, cuestiones de su vida y de su pasin. Cuenca: Edit. Austral, 1943. 545 p. 8360. Montenegro Aguilar, Carlos. La organizacin de la familia en el Ecuador, A nales de la Universidad Central, 33:251 (ene./mar. 1925), 6-116. 8361. Mora Carrin, Jorge. Datos sobre las relaciones sociales de produccin en el agro ecuatoriano: y particularmente el caso del arrimado en la Provincia de Loja, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 124-140. An essay on the status of huasipungueros in the Province of Loja and the treatment accorded them by their amos. Includes concrete data from judicial cases. 8362. Movimientos sociales en el Ecuador, compilador Luis Verdesoto; Manuel Chiriboga [et al.]. Quito: CLASCO: ILDIS, 1986. 279 p. Partial contents: Luis Verdesoto, Los movimientos sociales, la crisis y la democracia en el Ecuador (p. 15-61); Manuel Chiriboga, Crisis econmica y movimiento campesino e indgena (p. 65-91); J. Len and J.P. Prez, Crisis y movimiento sindical en Ecuador: las huelgas nacionales del FUT 1981-1983 (p. 95-150); Simn Pachano, Movimientos sociales regionales en el Ecuador (p. 153-181); Mercedes Prieto, Notas sobre el movimiento de mujeres en el Ecuador (p. 185-218). 8363. Moya, Ruth. Ecuador: cultura, conflicto y utopia. Quito: CEDIME, 1987. 380 p. 8364. Nett, Emily M. The Servant Class in a Developing Country: Ecuador, Journal of Inter-A merican Studies, 8:3 (July 1966), 437-452. Based on two years of living experience (1963-1965) in Quito. 8365. Ojeda Segovia, Lautaro. Cuellos de botella de las polticas sociales ecuatorianas: del gasto social a la inversin social. Quito: FLACSO, Sede Ecuador, 1989. 54 p. 8366. Ojeda Segovia, Lautaro. Polticas de bienestar social y participacin popular en el Ecuador. Quito: ILDIS, 1988. 114 p.

8367. Pachano, Simn. Los diputados: una elite poltica, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1991. 212 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 31) A prosopographic study and analysis of congressmen and of congressional candidates and aspirants of the 1980s. 8368. Paredes, Angel Modesto. Biologa de las clases sociales. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1954. 181 p. 8369. Peek, Peter. Urban Poverty, Migration, and Land Reform in Ecuador. The Hague: Institute of Social Studies, 1980. 28 p. 8370. Peaherrera de Costales, Piedad; and Alfredo Costales Samaniego. El chagra: estudio socio-econmico del mestizaje ecuatoriano. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Antropologa y Geografa, 1961. 283 p. (Llacta; ao 5, vol. 10, no. 11) 8371. Prez Anda, Augusto. El divorcio en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 91 p. 8372. Plan general de investigacin: el sistema de drogas ecuatoriano y el impacto de la cocana en el area andina. Quito: Fundacin Nuestros Jvenes, 1988. 2 v. 8373. Polticas de desarrollo social y vivienda, compilador, Santiago Escobar; Alfredo Mancero [et al.]. Santiago de Chile: ILPES-CEPAL; Quito: ILDIS, 1990. 222 p. 8374. Polticas de empleo, compilador, Santiago Escobar; Gustavo Mrquez [et al.]. Quito: ILDIS; Santiago de Chile: ILPES-CEPAL, 1990. 237 p. 8375. Polticas de salud, compilador, Santiago Escobar; Eduardo Estrella [et al.]. Santiago de Chile: ILPES-CEPAL; Quito: ILDIS, 1990. 174 p. Items 8373-8375, conceived and published as a set, constitute an in-depth examination of social conditions and corresponding government policies in the 1980s, especially insofar as social development, subsidized housing, the working class, and public health are concerned. 8376. Polticas estatales y organizacin popular. Quito: Instituto de Estudios Ecuatorianos: Fondo Ecuatoriano Populorum Progressio, 1985. 489, 6 p. 8377. Pozo Vela, Miguel Angel del. El problema social en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, [1958?]. 44 p. 8378. Problemas socioeconmicas del Ecuador, [equipo de trabajo, Washington Macas et al.]. Otavalo: Edit. Gallocapitn, 1983. 332 p. 8379. Rhon Dvila, Francisco. Lucha tnica o lucha de clases: Ecuador, Campesinado e indigenismo en A mrica Latina (Lima: Centro Latinoamericano de Trabajo Social: Centro Peruano de Estudios Sociales, 1978), p. 71-85. 8380. Rodrguez Abad, Luis Alberto. Social Structure, Opportunity and Institutional Change: the Universities of Ecuador. ii, 384 leaves. 1969. Thesis (Ph.D.)Syracuse University.

3881. Roloff, Gerardo. Los nios del Ecuador: prcticas de crianza en zonas rurales y urbano marginales. Bogot: Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano, 1995. 265 p. (Coleccin Prcticas de crianza; 3). 8382. Roos, Wilma. Ecuador in Focus: A Guide to the People, Politics, and Culture. London: Latin American Bureau, 1997. 80 p. An introduction to the peoples and politics of the country as of the late-twentieth century 8383. Rubio Orbe, Gonzalo. La poblacin rural ecuatoriana. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1966. 308 p. 8384. Santos Alvite, Eduardo. Poverty in Ecuador, CEPA L Review/Revista de la CEPA L, 38 (Aug. 1989), 121-132. 8385. Seminario Regional de Asuntos Sociales (1 : 1950: Quito, Ecuador). Primer Seminario Regional de A suntos Sociales, mayo 27 a 10 de junio de 1950. Quito: [s.n.], 1951. 237 p. 8386. Sigsfield, Donata von. Educacin no formal y poblacin marginada. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales; Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, [1990?]. 424 p. 8387. Silva, Erika. Los mitos de la ecuatorianidad: ensayo sobre la identidad nacional, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 85 p. 8388. Stutzman, Ronald L. El mestizaje: An All-Inclusive Ideology of Exclusion, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 45-94. A perspicacious essay on the supposed or potential loss of ethnic identity when national identity is embraced or superimposed. Nonetheless, as events and developments of the 1980s and 1990s have amply demonstrated, being mestizo had not replaced being white or being Indian in Ecuador and indios were increasingly take pride in being indgenas. 8389. Surez, Pablo Arturo. Contribucin al estudio de las realidades entre las clases obreras y campesinas. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1935. 93 p. A well documented study of the miserable conditions to which the urban working class and the rural peasantry of the highlands were subject as of 1934, the year in which the field work on which this study is based was conducted. 8390. Torres Caicedo, Reinaldo. Los diferentes estratos socioeconmicos del Ecuador: ensayos de cuantificacin. Quito: Junta de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1960. 33 p. 8391. Tousignant, Michel; and M. Maldonado. Sadness, Depression, and Social Reciprocity in Highland Ecuador, Social Science & Medicine, 28:9 (Sept. 1989), 899-904. 8392. Tousignant, Michel; and Trnsito Chela. Suicide in Third World Countries: the Case of Rural Ecuador, Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 23:3 (Apr. 1991), 191-198. 8393. Vaquero Dvila, Jess. A spectos sociolgicos de la nacionalidad ecuatoriana. Quito: [Impr. de] M. Piedra M, 1930. xv, 265 p.

8394. Vela Monsalve, Carlos. La cuestin social y nuestras responsabilidades ante ella: tres conferencias a los antiguos alumnos del Colegio San Gabriel, mayo de 1959. Quito: Impr. de Suministros, 1959. 68 p. 8395. Violencia en la regin andina: el caso del Ecuador, Julio Echeverra, Amparo MenndezCarrin, editores, 1a ed. Quito: FLACSO, 1994. xv, 273 p. A compendium of studies of violence in relationship to politics and government, ethnic identity and culture, daily life, means of communication, and traffic in narcotics. 8396. Walter, Lynn E. Ethnicity, Economy and the State in Ecuador. Aslburg: Aslburg University Press, 1981. 44 p. 8397. Weis, Wendy A. The Social Organization of Property and Work: a Study of Migrants from the Rural Ecuadorian Sierra, A merican Ethnologist, 12:3 (Aug. 1985), 468-488. 8398. Ypez del Pozo, Juan. Clases y castas en el Ecuador, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 1, p. 297-318. One of the least useful essays in this set. A single quotation suffices to demonstrate the meaningless which ideological blinders sometimes produce: Las castas en el Ecuador, durante la Colonia, lo fueron todo y todo lo hicieron, para mal y desgracia del pas y sus hombres (p. 315).

Statistics

As of 1999, five national censuses of population (1950, 1962, 1974, 1982, and 1990), and four national censuses of housing (1962, 1974, 1982, and 1990) had been taken, the latter conjointly with the II-V national censuses of population. For critical evaluations of the first four censuses of the population see: Pedro Merlo Jaramillo, Evaluacin y ajuste de los censos de poblacin de 1950 y 1962 (Santiago de Chile: Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa, 1962); and Corina del Pilar Ortiz Meja, Ecuador, preferencia de dgitos en la declaracin de la edad en los censos 1974 y 1982: trabajo final de investigacin (Santiago de Chile: Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa, 1985). There have also been and in some cases continue to be annual compendia or periodic surveys of employment, under employment, and unemployment ( Encuesta de empleo, subempleo y desempleo), of health care providers and facilities ( A nuario de recursos de salud), of hospital discharges ( A nuario de egresos hospitalarios), of internal trade ( Encuesta anual de comercio interno), of migration ( A nuario de migracin internacional), of restaurants and hotels ( Encuesta de restaurantes, hoteles, y servicios), of transportation ( A nuario de estadsticas de transporte), of urban housing ( Encuesta de hogares urbanos), all published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos.

8399. Almeida Guzmn, Patricio; and Rebeca Almeida. Estadsticas econmicas histricas, 1948-1983. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. xxvi, 547 p.

8400. Aloma Llor, Antonio. La estadstica en el Ecuador, Boletn de estadstica, Ministerio de Instruccin Pblica, Correos, Telgrafos, Telfonos, Oriente, Fomento, Estadstica y Agricultura (1910), 4-13. A history of statistics and statistical gathering in Ecuador in the nineteenth and earlytwentieth centuries. 8401. A nuario de comercio exterior. No. 1 (1957)-. Quito: Ministerio de Finanzas, Direccin de Financiamiento y Asesora Fiscal, [1958?]-. As of 1995, issued by the Ministerio de Finanzas y Crdito Pblico. 8402. A nuario de estadstica. 1 (1963/1968)-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1971-. Continues: Sntesis estadsticas del Ecuador (item 8502). This annual may be defunct, apparently replaced by a bewildering variety of other anuarios, the particulars of which remain to be determined. 8403. A nuario de estadsticas vitales. No. 1 (1954)-. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos / Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, [1955?]-. Apparently replaced by A nuario de matrimonios y divorcios and A nuario de nacimientos y defunciones, beginning with the 1993 issue, if not earlier. Now published by the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos. 8404. A nuario de la estadstica comercial de la Repblica del Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. de El Globo, 1891. xvi, 953, 4 p. Correspondiente a1 ao 1889, formado bajo la direccin de Numa P. Llona, jefe de la Oficina del Ramo. Apparently only one vol. was published. 8405. Banco Central del Ecuador. Memoria anual. Vol. 1 (1987)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1987-. An annual report that details the state of the economy at large. 8406. Boletn-anuario, Banco Central del Ecuador. No. 1 (1978)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1978-. Publishes demographic and social as well as economic statistics. See also the monthly: Boletn del Banco Central, vol. 1, no. 1 (ago. 1927)-. 8407. Boletn bancario y financiero. Vol. 1 (1938)-. Quito: Superintendencia de Bancos, 1938-. Provides end-of-year balances for private as well as public banks, credit card companies, financial firms, savings associations, and foreign exchange establishments. 8408. Boletn de estadstica, formado por Antonio Aloma Llor. Quito: Ministerio de Instruccin Pblica, Correos, Telgrafos, Telfonos, Oriente, Fomento, Estadstica y Agricultura, 1910. 160 p. Apparently the only vol. to have been issued.

8409. Boletn estadstico. Ao 1, no. 1 (dic. 1954/ene. 1955)-[ao 3, no. 4 (julio 1958)?]. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1955-[1958?]. 8410. Boletn general de estadstica. Ao 1, no. 1 (mayo 1931)-[ao 4, no. 8 (1934)?]. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica, Registro Civil y Censos, 1931-[1934?]. 8411. Boletn municipal de estadstica (Guayaquil). Ao 1, no. 1 (jun. 1933)-ao 4, nos. 4/5 (jun. 1940). Guayaquil: Registro Cantonal de Poblacin y Estadstica, 1933-1940. 5 nos. in 4. An important but little know source of statistical data for the port city for the 1930s. Does not appear to have circulated widely. 8412. Censos econmicos, 1980, Repblica del Ecuador, Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, INEC. Quito: INEC, 1983. 8 v. 8413. Comercio exterior de la Repblica del Ecuador en la dcada 1916 a 1925: adaptado a la nomenclatura de Bruselas, Ministerio de Previsin Social y Trabajo, Departamento Central de Estadstica. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1927. 167 p. Consists entirely of tables and graphs. Includes export statistics from 1911-1915. 8414. Cuentas nacionales del Ecuador. No. 1 (mar. 1981)-. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, Divisin Tcnica, 1981-. Originally entitled: Cuentas nacionales. Title changed with no. 5. No. 1 covers the years 1972-1980; no. 2, the years 1965-1971; etc. No. 4 (1983) is devoted to Metodologa de cuentas nacionales del Ecuador; no. 10 (1987) to Metodologa de bienes y servicios. 8415. Darlic Mardesic, Vjekoslav. Estadsticas de la mujer, Ecuador 1992, 1 ed. Quito: ILDIS; UNIFEM, 1992. 343 p. Chiefly tables. Notwithstanding the title, a compendium of demographic, economic, and education statistics for males as well as for females. Covers the years 1970-1990. A basic, well done work. 8416. Darlic Mardesic, Vjekoslav. Estadsticas electorales del Ecuador, 1978-1987. Quito: ILDIS, 1987. 271 p. Chiefly tables. 8417. Diagnstico de la educacin primaria de la Provincia del Guayas, Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura, Direccin Provincial de Educacin y Cultura del Guayas. Guayaquil: Banco Central del Ecuador, Subgerencia del Centro de Investigacin y Cultura, 1988. 222 p. Chiefly tables. 8418. Directorio de establecimientos econmicos 1980: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1981-1982. 2 v. 8419. Ecuador, datos e indicadores bsicos, 1991. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, 1991. 59 p. In Spanish and English. Useful for basic demographic, economic, and social indicators. 8420. Ecuador en cifras, 1938 a 1942. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Hacienda, 1944. 515 p. Compiled by the Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos.

8421. Ecuador, encuesta demogrfica y de salud familiar, 1987. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable: Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nutricionales y Medico Sociales; Columbia, Md.: Institute for Resource Development/Westinghouse, 1988. ix, 129, [36] p. 8422. Ecuador, Summary of Biostatistics: Maps and Charts, Population, N atality and Mortality Statistics, prepared by U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, in cooperation with Office of the Coordinator, Inter-American Affairs. Washington, D.C.: Bureau of the Census, 1944. 61 p. 8423. Encuesta anual de estadsticas vitales: matrimonios y divorcios. 1976-1984. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1977-1985. 9 v. 8424. Encuesta anual de manufactura y minera. Vol. 1 (1976)-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1976-. Apparently now titled: Encuesta de manufactura y minera. Latest known issue for 1996. 8425. Encuesta de condiciones de vida. Tomo 1 (1995)-tomo 3 (1995). Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1996. Intended to have been an ongoing survey, this series was almost still born. 8426. Encuesta de edificaciones (permisos de construccin), ao 1990. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1992. 401, v p. Subsequently titled: Encuesta anual de edificaciones. 8427. Encuesta de fecundidad, levantada en las principales ciudades y en algunas parroquias rurales del pas. Quito: Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1967. vii, 255, 6 p. 8428. Encuesta de hogares del area urbana, 1.968, Secretara General de Planeacin de la Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin, Departamento Tcnico, Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, [1968?]. 2, 41 p. 8429. Encuesta de hogares: modulo de presupuestos familiares, area urbana, 1991. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1991. 3 v. 8430. Encuesta de migracin urbana de la sierra. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1981. xxiv, 163, xviii p. Prepared in collaboration with the International Labour Organisation (Oficina Internacional del Trabajo). 8431. Encuesta de poblacin y ocupacin, area urbana-Quito-Guayaquil. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1976. 5, 122 p. 8432. Encuesta de salud y planificacin familiar en barrios urbanos marginales de Quito. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1993. 101 p. 8433. Encuesta de superficie y produccin por muestreo de reas, uso de la tierra, principales productos y existencia de ganado: resultados 1991. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1992. iii, 177 p.

A survey of agricultural and livestock production and the marketing thereof by region and product. 8434. Encuesta demogrfica y de salud materna e infantil- EN DEMA IN -89: informe preliminar. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable; Ministerio de Salud Pblica; Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control, 1990. 43 p. Provides health and welfare data for women and children from 1989. See also: EN DEMA IN -89: Ecuador, Encuesta demogrfica y de salud materna e infantil: Informe de la Provincia del Guayas y de la Ciudad de Guayaquil. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable; Atlanta, Ga.: Centers for Disease Control, 1996. 120 p. 8435. Encuesta nacional de fecundidad Ecuador-1.979, Repblica del Ecuador, INEC, Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos [y] Encuesta Mundial de Fecundidad . Quito: INEC, 1984. 2 v. 8436. Encuesta socio-demogrfica de barrios marginales de Quito, 1990. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable (CEPAR), 1990. 93, 23 p. A survey of social and economic characteristics of women of child-bearing age in suburbs of the capital and of their use of or predisposition to use family planning services. 8437. Encuestas de fecundidad de las ciudades de Quito y Guayaquil. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1966. 191, [25] p. 8438. Estadstica ecuatoriana: organo de difusin cientfico-tcnico del Instituto N acional de Estadsticas y Censos (IN CE) . Ao 1, no. 1 (1990)-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1990-. 8439. Estadstica minera 1932-1966 (enero-junio) , Direccin General de Minas e Hidrocarburos [y la] Asesora Tcnica de Petrleos del Ministerio de Industrias y Comercio. Quito: Ministerio de Industrias y Comercio, 1966. 60 p. 8440. Estadstica petrolera del Ecuador, 1925-1965. Quito: Direccin General de Minas e Hidrocarburos, 1965. 178 leaves. 8441. Estadstica y censos. No. 1 (mar.1939)-no. 7 (nov. 1939). Quito: Direccin Nacional de Estadstica, 1939. 7 nos. 8442. Estadstica de la universidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Educacin Superior, 1978. 109 p. 8443. Estadsticas de la universidad ecuatoriana. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Educacin Superior, 1979. 119 p. It is not known if items 8442 and 8443 have been continued and therefore constitute an annual. 8444. Estadsticas de las exportaciones del Ecuador, 1940-1942: (con series histricas anteriores) , sistematizadas por Hanns Heiman G. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 19431945. 2 v. in 1.

Includes some time series from as early as 1906, but the majority are from 1911 through 1942. 8445. Estadsticas del Ecuador, [elaboracin, Susana Valdivieso]. Quito: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1987-. Each issue includes times series from the preceding fifteen years. 8446. Estadsticas del trabajo: indices de empleo y remuneraciones. Vol. 1 (1970)-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1970-. Apparently now entitled: Indice de empleo y remuneraciones. Latest known issue is for the fourth quarter of 1997. 8447. Estadsticas financieras del sector pblico ecuatoriano, aos1970-1977. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1979. 109 p. 8448. Estadsticas financieras del sector pblico ecuatoriano, aos 1975-1981. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, Secretara General de Planificacin, Direccin Coordinadora y Poltica Fiscal, Divisin Programacin y Poltica Fiscal, Seccin Programacin del Sector Pblico, 1983. 316 p. 8449. Estadsticas industriales, 1980-1986, Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo. Quito: Secretara General de Planificacin, Seccin Publicaciones, 1988. iv, [77] leaves. Chiefly tables. 8450. Estadsticas industriales de la Provincia de El Oro, aos 1975-1976. Machala: Universidad Tcnica de Machala, Facultad de Sociologa, 1980. 45 p. 8451. Evolucin histrica del comercio exterior ecuatoriano: 1950-1975, Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1978. 203 p. 8452. Flores Y ., Marco. Gastos anuales por tamao de unidad de produccin agropecuaria. Quito: Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria, 1981. [75] leaves. 8453. Guayaquil econmico. 1961-. Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1962-. Continues: Guayaquil en cifras (item 8454). 8454. Guayaquil en cifras. [1960] Guayaquil: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1961. 1 v. Continued by: Guayaquil econmico (item 8453). 8455. Hidrocarburos estadsticas, 1970-1981. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, 1982. 116 p. 8456. I censo agropecuario nacional, 1954. Quito: Tall. Grf. de la Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1956. viii, 289 p. Compiled by the Comisin Coordinadora y Supervisora del Censo Agropecuario Nacional. 8457. II censo agropecuario 1974: resultados definitivos, resumen nacional. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1979. xlvi, 217 p.

8458. III censo de poblacin 1974: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1976-1977. 22 v. in 37. The definitive results of the third national census of population, for a summary of which see the following item. 8459. III censo de poblacin 1974: resultados definitivos: resumen nacional. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1977. xxii, 159, xi p. 8460. III censo de vivienda, 1982: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1984-1985. 21 v. The definitive results of the third national census of housing, taken simultaneously with the fourth of population (see items 8475-8477). 8461. Indicadores bsicos regionales, Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1979. iv, 197 p. 8462. Indicadores para la seleccin de areas deprimidas de costa y sierra, Comit Ecuatoriano de la Campaa Mundial contra el Hambre. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1979. 181 p. Chiefly tables and maps. 8463. Indicadores y estadsticas bsicas de la economa ecuatoriana, recopilacin [por] Marco Jaramillo P., Isaas Campaa, Angelica Acurio Tobar. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1987. 249 p. 8464. Indice de precios al consumidor. Sept. 1968-. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Polticas, 1968-. Monthly. 8465. Indice de precios al consumidor: area urbana. No. 001 (abr. 1982)-. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1982-. Monthly. Title varies: Indice de precios al consumidor: area urbana nacional; Indice de precios al consumidor: Quito, Guayaquil, Cuenca; Indice de precios al consumidor urbano. Apparently now being published as a quarterly. Covers the primary cities of Quito and Guayaquil, and the secondary city of Cuenca. 8466. Indice estadstico 1980. Quito: Datos Ecuador, 1980. 138 p. 8467. Indice estadstico Ecuador 1984. Quito: Editores Markop, 1985. 147 p. 8468. Indice estadstico ecuatoriano 1983. Quito: Editores Markop, 1984. 164 p. 8469. Indice estadstico ecuatoriano 1985. Quito: Servicios de Marqueting [sic] y Opinin Pblica, 1986. 161 p. Items 8467-8469 may constitute an annual. 8470. Indices del costo de la vivienda popular en Quito, de 1938 a 1945, Trimestre estadstico, 1:3/4 (jul./dic. 1945), 24-44.

8471. Informacin censal: resumen de los resultados definitivos del Censo N acional de Poblacin de 1950 sobre sexo, edad, estado civil, alfabetismo y poblacin econmicamente activa e inactiva. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1952. 61 p. 8472. Informes estadsticas. No. 1 (feb. 1957)-. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1957-. 8473. Instruccin de la mujer y fecundidad. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1991. 39 p. 8474. Investigacin de datos estadsticos sobre la mujer ecuatoriana: demografa, salud, educacin y empleo. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigacin y Capacitacin de la Mujer, 1992. viii, 173 p. Demographic, health, education and employment statistics for women from the 1980s. 8475. IV censo de poblacin, 1982: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1984-1985. 21 v. in 48. The definitive results of the fourth national census of population by province. For summaries see item 8476. 8476. IV censo nacional de poblacin y III de vivienda, 1982: resumen nacional: breve anlisis de los resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1985. 92 p. 8477. IV censo nacional de poblacin y III de vivienda, 1982: zonas no delimitadas: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1985. xxiii, vi, 98 p. 8478. Izquieta, Carlos Manrique. Estudio estadstico de algunos aspectos de la situacin general del Ecuador, Revista de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 8 (1937), 192-227. Provides some geographic and demographic statistics for the 1920s and 1930s. 8479. Labastida R., Edgar de; and Rob Vos. El salario y los niveles de vida urbanos en el Ecuador: un estudio de los barrios populares de Quito y Guayaquil. The Hague: ISS, 1987. 196 p. Chiefly tables. 8480. Mano de obra segn calendario agrcola. Quito: M.A.G., Programa Nacional de Regionalizacin Agraria: O.R.S.T.O.M.: Instituto Latinoamericano de Investigaciones Sociales, 1982. 146 p. 8481. Mena, Norma; Fanny Ortiz; and Anbal Torres. Investigacin de datos estadsticos sobre la mujer ecuatoriana: demografa, salud, educacin y empleo. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigaciones y Capacitacin de la Mujer, 1988. 123 p. A relatively useless compendium of absolute statistics (i.e., aggregated but not analyzed data). See instead items 8415 and 8474. 8482. Molina Tapia, Telmo. A lgunos errores y falsedades encontrados en las cuentas nacionales del Ecuador disponibles en la actualidad oficialmente publicadas desde marzo de 1981. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1985. 55 p.

8483. La Mujer de la tercera edad en el Ecuador. Quito: IECAIM, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigacin y Capacitacin de la Mujer: CEDATOS, Centro de Estudios y Datos, 1991. xviii, 114 p. Consists of social, economic, and health statistics of women age 60 and over. 8484. Nez del Prado Benavente, Arturo. Estadstica bsica para planificacin. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1978. 233 p. 8485. Pez Molestina, Francisco; Jos Ordez Sotomayor; and Magdalena Torres Q. Poblacin y desarrollo socioeconmico en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable; Centro para el Desarrollo Social, 1985. viii, 92 p. Chiefly tables. 8486. Perfil socio-demogrfico del Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1993. 128 p. 8487. Perfil socio-demogrfico provincial. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1992-1993. 7 v. Covers the Provinces of Azuay, Guayas, Manab, Pichincha, Esmeraldas, Chimborazo, and Imbabura in that order. 8488. Poblacin, salud y nutricin en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1992. 72 p. Demographic, health status, and nutrition data for 1985-1990. Includes projections through the year 2010. 8489. Primer censo de poblacin del Ecuador, 1950. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1954-1955. 5 v. in 6. The definitive results of the first national census. Not all of the originally announced vols. were published. 8490. Primer censo de poblacin del Ecuador, 1950: resumen de caractersticas. Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1960. 180 p. 8491. Primer censo industrial, 1955: resumen de resultados. Quito: Banco Central, Departamento de Investigaciones Econmicas, 1957. 149 p. 8492. Primer censo nacional de electrificacin, 1962-1963. Quito: Direccin General de Recursos Hidrulicos y Electrificacin, 1964. iv, 85 p. 8493. Primer censo nacional de pescadores, 1954. Quito: Tall. Grf. de la Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1955. iv, 180 p. Compiled by the Comisin Coordinadora y Supervisora del Censo Agropecuario Nacional. 8494. Proyecto La Fuerza de Trabajo en Quito, 1986 : anlisis metodolgico y estructura ocupacional, responsable, Armando Prez; investigadores, Rafael Urriola, Flavia Senz, Carlos Herrera, 1 ed. Quito: Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador; Consejo Nacional de Universidades y Escuelas Politcnicas, 1987. 178 p. Chiefly tables.

8495. Quito y sus estadsticas. 1965-. Quito: Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas y Financieras, 1965-. 8496. Resumen de las adjudicaciones de tierras legalizadas en reforma agraria y colonizacin en zonas arroceras, decreto 1001: 1971 1985. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Reforma Agraria y Colonizacin, Direccin de Programacin, Departamento de Estadstica, 1986. 24 leaves. Chiefly tables. Covers the Provinces of Guayas and Los Ros. 8497. Resumen estadstico de artesanas y pequeas industrias, 1965-1968. Quito: Direccin General de Fomento Artesanal y Pequeas Industrias, 1969. 161 p. 8498. Samaniego, Juan Jos. Bioestadstica en el cosmos ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1943. 23 p. 8499. Schodt, David W.; Patricio Len Camacho; and Salvador Marconi Romano. A New Source of Economic Statistics for Ecuador: the Ecuadorian National Accounts, LA SA Forum, 16:3 (Fall 1985), 1-10. An introduction to and analysis of item 8414. See also item 8505. 8500. Segundo censo de poblacin y primer censo de vivienda, 25 de noviembre de 1962. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin Econmica, Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1964. 16 v. in 18. Definitive results of the second national census of population and the first of housing by provinces. 8501. Serie estadstica, Repblica del Ecuador, Instituto Nacional de Estadstica. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica, [1974?]-. Annual issues cover or used to cover overlapping five year periods. Issued by Instituto Nacional de Estadstica for 1967/72-1968/73, and the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos for 1970/75-. May be defunct. Last known issue covered 1991-1993. 8502. Sntesis estadsticas del Ecuador. No. 1 (1959)-No. 4 (1962). Quito: Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1959-1963. 4 v. Continued by: A nuario de estadstica (item 8402). 8503. Superintendencia de Bancos (Ecuador). Memoria. Vol. 1 (1978)-. Quito: Superintendencia de Bancos, 1978-. A comprehensive annual report on banks and banking. 8504. Tobar Donoso, Julio. Estadstica ecuatoriana Revista de la A sociacin Catlica de la Juventud Ecuatoriana, 3:23 (jul. 1920), 257-267. 8505. Torres Caldern, Luis. Cuentas nacionales: estructura productiva del Ecuador, 19701976, direccin de Leonardo Vicua Izquierdo. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. 119 p. 8506. Trimestre estadstico del Ecuador. Ao 1, no. 1 (mayo 1945)-ao 4, no. 8 (1948). Quito: Direccin General de Estadstica y Censos, 1945-1948. 6 nos (1,2, 3/4, 5, 6/7, 8).

8507. Universidad de Guayaquil. Estadstica universitaria 1980-84. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1985. 57 p. 8508. V censo de poblacin y IV de vivienda, 1990: poblacin: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1991. 21 v. in 31. Title varies; cover title: A nlisis de los resultados definitivos del V censo de poblacin y IV de vivienda, 1990; individual vols. entitled: A nlisis de los resultados definitivos de la Provincia de ... Definitive results of the fifth national census of population by province. For a summary see item 8509. 8509. V censo de poblacin y IV de vivienda, 1990: resultados definitivos: resumen nacional. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1991. l, 256 p. 8510. V censo de poblacin y IV de vivienda, 1990: vivienda: resultados definitivos. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1991. 21 v. in 26. The definitive results by province of the fourth national census of housing, taken simultaneously with the fifth of population. For a summary see item 8509. 8511. Vsconez C., Eduardo. Resumen estadstico del comercio exterior de la Repblica del Ecuador en el curso de la dcada 1911-1920. Quito: Impr. Nacional [para el] Ministerio de Hacienda, Seccin de Estadstica Comercial, 1923. 133 p. 8512. Villagmez V., Gabriel. Sntesis histrica y analtica de la institucin del Registro Civil N acional al cumplirse el cincuentenario de su implantacin en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1950. 23 p. 8513. Zamosc, Len. Estadstica de las areas de predominio tnico de la sierra ecuatoriana: poblacin rural, indicadores cantonales y organizaciones de base. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1995. 98 p. A statistical profile of rural indigenous communities, especially in the highlands. Includes retrospective data.

Health and Medicine

8514. Acero Coral, Gloria; and Mara A. Pianalto de Dalle Rive. Medicina indgena, Cacha, Chimborazo = Cachamanta runapaj jambi. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1985. 172 p. In Spanish and Quichua. 8515. A limentacin y nutricin, recopilacin de Galo A. Chiriboga Zambrano. Santiago: ILPES-CEPAL; Quito: ILDIS, [1989?]. 251 p. 8516. Amunrriz, Manuel. Estudios sobre patologas tropicales en la A mazonia ecuatoriana. Pompeya: Ediciones CICAME, 1991. 120 p.

8517. Amunarriz, Manuel. Salud y enfermedad: patologa tropical en la regin amaznica ecuatoriana. Burlada (Navarra): CICAME, 1984. 98 p. 8518. Andrade Marn, Carlos. Monograph on the Organization of Medical Care within the Framework of Social Security in Ecuador. Geneva: I.L.O., 1968. vi, 74 p. 8519. Arcos, Gualberto. Biotologa del habitante del altiplano ecuatoriano. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1933. 47 p. 8520. Argello, Silvia. Geografa de la salud en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica, 1991. 159 p. (Geografa bsica del Ecuador; t. 2, vol. 2) 8521. Arroyo Naranjo, Manuel. La sfilis en Quito y sus tratamientos. Leverkusen: I.G. Farbenindustric Aktiengesellschapt, 1933. 39 p. 8522. Ayala Mora, Temstocles. Epidemiologa de la malaria en el Ecuador y su evaluacin en la campaa de eradicacin, Revista ecuatoriana de higiene y medicina tropical, 14:4 (1957), 2986. 8523. Balladelli, Pier Paolo; and J. Miguel Colcha. Entre lo mgico y lo natural: la medicina indgena: testimonios de Pesillo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1988. 500 p. In Spanish and Quichua. 8524. Baquerizo Amador, Luis. De nuestro folklore antihiginico. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1964. 77 p. 8525. Baquerizo Amador, Luis. El Instituto N acional de Higiene Leopoldo Izquieta Prez, 2 ed. Guayaquil: Instituto Nacional de Higiene Leopoldo Izquieta Prez, 1960. 51 p. 8526. Barrera V., Vctor. A propsito de dos problemas medicos-sociales de la ciudad de Cuenca, (item 8313), t. 2, p. 185-202. Examines the impact of substandard housing conditions and widespread parasitic infections on the health and social well being of the population of Cuenca as of the mid-twentieth century. 8527. Bastidas, Antonio J. Contribucin al estudio de la proteccin infantil en el Ecuador y demografa nacional. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1924. 75 p. 8528. Benefice, Eric. Nutricin y crecimiento de los nios pertenecientes a poblaciones de orgenes diferentes que viven en el Oriente ecuatoriano, Cultura, 8:24c (ene./abr. 1986), 12391253. 8529. Bernand-Muoz, Carmen. Cuestiones y vitalizas: apuntes etnogrficos sobre la medicina popular en la Sierra Oriental del Caar, Ecuador, Bulletin de lInstitut franais dtudes andines, 5:3/4 (1976), 49-72. 8530. Biopatologa andina y nutricin, Rodrigo Fierro Bentez [et al.], A mrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./sep. 1974), 777-795. 8531. Bossano, Luis. La salud de los ecuatorianos, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 2, p. 167-184.

Surveys medical services provided by the state to the nation as of the mid-twentieth century. 8532. Cabanilla Cevallos, Francisco. Contribucin al estudio de la mortalidad infantil en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. El Diario, 1929. 82 p. 8533. Cabanilla Cevallos, Francisco. Los grandes problemas sanitarios del litoral ecuatoriano. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1935. 29 p. 8534. Cifuentes, Mauro; and Jos H. So Sa. El clera: una respuesta desde la comunidad andina, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, Comit de Emergencia en Lucha contra el Clera, 1992. 206 p. 8535. Ciudad y muerte infantil, Jaime Breilh [et al.]. Quito: CEAS, 1983. v, 183 p. An analysis of infant and child mortality in Quito. 8536. Coello, C.V. Present Sanitary Conditions at Guayaquil with Special Reference to Yellow Fever, A merican Journal of Public Health, 12:x (Mar. 1922), 188-192. 8537. Congreso Nacional de Asociaciones de Mdicos y Profesionales del I.E.S.S. (1 : 1984: Guayaquil, Ecuador). Memoria: 1er Congreso N acional de A sociaciones de Mdicos y Profesionales del I.E.S.S.: Guayaquil, 24-27 de julio 1984, organizado por la Federacin Nacional de Mdicos del I.E.S.S. Guayaquil: IESS, 1985. 406 p. 8538. Dalmau Gavilanes, Francisco. El joven delincuente en Guayaquil: estudio psiquitrico. Guayaquil: Unin Grfica, 1983. 251 p. 8539. Dalmau Gavilanes, Francisco. Magia mdica y psicoterapia en el Ecuador: con un anexo de psiquiatra folklrica en la costa ecuatoriana. Guayaquil: Edit. de la Universidad de Guayaquil, 1988. 230 p. 8540. Davies, David. T he Centenarians of the A ndes. London: Barrie and Jenkins, 1975. 126 p. Davies was one of the discoverers of the exceptionally old and extraordinarily healthy villagers of Vilcabamba. 8541. Deterioro de la vida: un instrumento para anlisis de prioridades regionales en lo social y la salud, Jaime Breilh [et al.]. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional; Centro de Estudios y Asesora en Salud, 1990. 508 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 28) 8542. Ecuador, N utrition Survey: a Report. Washington, D.C.: Interdepartamental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, 1960. x, 230 p. 8543. Eigenmann, C.H. Yellow Fever and Fishes, Proceedings of the A merican Philosophical Society, 61 (1922), 204-211. On the eradication of yellow fever in Guayaquil, specifically on the utilization of two specifies of fish ( Lebiasina bimaculata and Dormitator latifrons locally known as huaijas and chalacos) in water barrels to keep the water free from yellow fever mosquitoes. 8544. Escolar, Jos Domingo. N atalidad, morbilidad y mortalidad infantil en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Librera e Impr. La Reforma, 1915. 19 p.

8545. Espinosa Tamayo, Luis. Contribution a ltude de la gographie mdicale et des conditions hyginiques de la Rpublique de lEquateur. Lausanne: Impr. de la Socit Suisse de Publicit [para el] Institut dhygine exprimentale et de parasitologie de lUniversit de Lausanne, 1917. 88 p. The authors doctoral dissertation. One of the first, if not the first, study of the medical geography of the country. 8546. Estrella, Eduardo. Funcin maternal y sexualidad: un estudio de mujeres de una poblacin campesina de la Provincia de Pichincha. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1991. 137 p. 8547. Estrella, Eduardo. Medicina aborigen: la prctica aborigen de la sierra ecuatoriana. Quito: Edit. Epoca, 1977. 239 p. 8548. Evans, Ralph Poston. La epidemiologa tropical de las regiones de Zaruma y Portovelo. Cuenca: Tip. de la Universidad, 1935. 54 p. 8549. Fassin, Didier. Letat equatorien face aux ingalits de sanit, Problmes dA mrique Latine, 99 (1991), 91-103. Discusses public health conditions since the 1960s. Emphasizes the negative impact of the economic crisis of the 1980s on health care, especially in rural areas. 8550. Fassio, Gustavo A. Introduccin al estudio de la alimentacin en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. La Reforma, 1930. 28 p. 8551. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. The Burden of Responsibility: Duty, Depression, and Nervios in Andean Ecuador, Gender, Health, and Illness: the Case of N erves, edited by Dona L. Davis and Setha M. Low (New York: Hemisphere, 1989), p. 49-65. 8552. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. Experience and Expectation: Conflict and Change in Traditional Family Health Care Among the Quichua of Saraguro, Social Science & Medicine, 17:12 (Dec. 1983), 1291-1298. 8553. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. The Forgotten Healers: Women as Family Healers in an Andean Indian Community, Women as Healers: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, edited by Carol Shepherd McClain (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1989), p. 28-41. Based on research conducted in Saraguro between 1978 and 1988, Finerman suggests that dependence on mothers as curers is not a result of cultural conservatism . . . or lack of access to other . . . therapeutic resources. Instead, medical choice was found to be related to the environmental, social, and cultural costs and benefits of consulting specialists and motherhealers. 8554. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. Health Care Decisions in an Andean Indian Community: Getting the Best of Both Worlds. 1985. xi, 294 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of California at Los Angeles. 8555. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. Inside Out: Womens World View and Family Health in an Ecuadorian Indian Community, Social Science & Medicine, 25:10 (Oct. 1987), 1157-1162. 8556. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. A Matter of Life and Death: Health Care Change in an Andean Community, Social Science & Medicine, 18:4 (Apr. 1984), 329-334.

8557. Finerman, Ruthbeth D. Pregnancy and Childbirth in Saraguro: Implications for Health Care Delivery in Southern Ecuador, Medical A nthropology Quarterly, 6:4 (Fall 1982), 269-278. Finds that Saraguro women prefer to assume personal responsibility for prenatal care and child delivery. 8558. Freire, Wilma B. La situacin nutricional en Ecuador, Ecuador debate, 9 (sept. 1985), 123-150. 8559. Fruci, Santiago and Silvio Broseghini. El cuerpo humano, enfermedades, plantas y hierbas medicinales. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1984. 111 p. Reprint; originally published: Suca: Mundo Shuar, Centro de Documentacin, Investigacin y Publicaciones, 1977. 8560. Gayraud, Ettennie; and Dominique Domec. La capital del Ecuador desde el punto de vista mdico-quirrgico, versin espaola del Dr. Virgilio Paredes Borja. Quito: Edit. Universidad Central del Ecuador, 1953. 278 p. Originally published in French as: La capitale de lEquateur au point de vue mdico chirurgical (Paris: C.A. Coccoz, Libraire, 1886; 277 p). The observations of two French physicians brought by Garca Moreno to upgrade training in surgery in the College of Medicine of the University of Quito. 8561. Gavilanes, Luis E. La mortalidad infantil en la ciudad de Quito. Quito: Impr. y Encuadernacin Nacionales, 1919. 53 p. 8562. Gill, Richard Cochran. Herbs and Simples-Jungle Style, N atural History, 41:1 (Jan. 1938), 29-33. 8563. Gonzlez Hidalgo, Cristobal. El tifus exantemtico en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1943. 27 p. 8564. Higgins, Jorge A. Estadstica nacional de mortalidad por tuberculosis. Guayaquil: Liga Ecuatoriana Antituberculosa, 1949. 46 p. 8565. Iglesias, Genny. Hierbas medicinales de los Quichuas del N apo. Quito: Ediciones AbyaYala, 1987. 145 p. 8566. Iglesias, Genny. Sacha jambi: el uso de las plantas en la medicina tradicional de los Quichuas del N apo, 1 ed. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala; Roma: MLAL, 1989. 204 p. 8567. Infectious Disease Patterns in the Waorani: An Isolated Amerindian Population, Jonathan E. Kaplan [et al.], A merican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 29:2 (Mar. 1980), 298-312. Provides a profile of infectious diseases endemic to the Waorani and of diseases that have been introduced. 8568. Iturralde, Jos Mara. Recopilacin de algunos artculos sobre la semi-epidemia bubnica de Guayaquil en 1908. Guayaquil: Librera, Papelera y Tipografa Gutenberg, 1909. 79 p.

8569. Jaramillo Alvarado, Po. Memoria del Hospital de Loja. Loja: Tip. del Colegio Nacional, 1916. 69 p. 8570. Jijn Bello, Manuel. Principales causas de insalubridad de Quito: la actual epidemia, su profilaxis. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1907. 14 p. 8571. Kempf, Judith. The Dynamics of Culture and Health: Disease and Curing Among the Ecuadorian Coaiquer Indians Under the Impact of Acculturation. 1982. 260, [12] leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)State University of New York, Albany. 8572. Kroeger, Axel; and Elena Ilechkova. Salud y alimentacin entre los Shuar. Suca: Mundo Shuar, 1983. 105 p. 8573. Kroeger, Axel; and H.P. Franken, Educational Value of Participatory Evaluation of Primary Health Care Programmes: an Experience with Four Indigenous Populations in Ecuador, Social Science & Medicine, 15B:4 (Oct. 1981), 535-539. A comparative study of primary health care programs and facilities among four indigenous groups (Eastern lowland and highland Quichua, Shuar, and Saraguro). 8574. Leaf, Alexander. Every Day Is a Gift When You Are Over 100, N ational Geographic, 144:1 (Jan. 1973), 93-119. An impressionistic account of Vilcabambas alleged centenarians. 8575. Len, Luis A. El mal del pinto en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1942. 30 p. 8576. Len, Luis A. Revisin de los conocimientos sobre el mal del pinto o carate en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad, 1951. 47 p. 8577. Liga Ecuatoriana Antituberculosa. 20 aos de intensa labor. Guayaquil: Departamento de Educacin e Informacin Antituberculosa de L.E.A., 1960. 1 v. (not paginated). Chiefly ill. 8578. Managing Medical Supply Logistics among Health Workers in Ecuador, Richard A. Reid [et al.], Social Science & Medicine, 22:1 (Jan. 1986), 9-14. 8579. Marcial Toro, Juan E. Terapia folklrica del Ecuador: relacin de la medicina folklrica con la medicina moderna. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1988. 133 p. 8580. Marn, Jacinto D. La medicina en la Regin Oriental. Quito: Edit. de El Comercio, 1940. 9 p. 8581. Martnez V., Luis J. A lgunos datos sobre la epidemia de peste bubnica en A mbato. Ambato: Impr. El Pueblo, 1916. 33 p. 8582. Mauro, Amalia. La vida es larga y nos importa mucho: la salud en las familias de sectores populares urbanos. Quito: CEPLAES, 1992. viii, 114 p. 8583. Mazess, Richard B.; and Sylvia Helen Forman. Longevity and Age Exaggeration in Vilcabamba, Ecuador, Journal of Gerontology, 39:1 (Jan. 1979), 94-98.

8584. Mazess, Richard B.; and R.W. Mathiesen. Lack of Unusual Longevity in Vilcabamba, Ecuador, Human Biology, 54:3 (Mar. 1982), 517-524. Maintains that age exaggeration and misinterpretation of registers of baptismsnot unusually long life spanwere responsible for Vilcabambas claims to be a Shangri-la. Based on review of vital registration data from 1907 through 1979. 8585. McKee, Lauris A. Los cuerpos tiernos: simbolismo y magia en las prcticas post-parto en Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 42:4 (oct./dic. 1982), 615-628. 8586. McKee, Lauris A. Ethnomedical Treatment of Childrens Diarrheal Illnesses in the Highlands of Ecuador, Social Science & Medicine, 25:10 (Oct. 1987), 1147-1155. 8587. Medio ambiente y salud en el Ecuador, Jos Surez Torres [et al.], 1 ed. Quito: Fundacin Natura, 1992. 285 p. 8588. Mena, Vicente. Algunos aspectos de medicina popular en la Calera, Revista del folklore ecuatoriano, 3 (ene. 1969), 5-40. 8589. Merchan, Nicanor. Fiebre paratficas en las comarcas azuayas. Cuenca: Impreso por Manuel J. Vintimilla, 1921. 25 p. 8590. Montalvn Cornejo, Juan A. Paludismo en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Impr. Lucn, 1946. 86 p. 8591. Montalvn Cornejo, Juan A.; and Oswaldo Barrera Sosa. Fiebre amarilla y leptospirosis en Guayaquil, A nales de la Benemrita Sociedad Mdico Quirrgica del Guayas (1970/71), 145-165. 8592. La Mortalidad y las polticas de salud en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 32 p. 8593. Naranjo, Plutarco. Ayahuasca: etnomedicina y mitologa. Quito: Ediciones Libri Mundi, 1983. 222 p. 8594. Naranjo, Plutarco. El cocasmo entre los aborgenes de Sud Amrica: su difusin y extincin en el Ecuador, A mrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./sep. 1974), 605-628. 8595. Naranjo, Plutarco. Desnutricin, problemas y soluciones. Quito: IESS, 1985. 230 p. 8596. N uestra alimentacin: resultados de nuestra investigacin-accin sobre la alimentacin del pueblo de Pucar y Shaglly. Cuenca: Centro de Educacin y Capacitacin del Campesinado del Azuay (CECCA), 1984. 182 p. Pucar y Shaglly (usually referred to just as Pucar) is a mestizo pueblo in southwestern Azuay. 8597. N utricin y desarrollo en los A ndes ecuatorianos, editores: Marco Varea Tern, Jos Varea Tern. Quito: Artes Grficas, [1974?]. 428 p. 8598. Nutritional and Health Status of Rural Women Colonists in the Subtropical Lowlands of Northwest Ecuador, M. Margaret Weigel [et al.], Ecology of Food and N utrition, 29:1 (1992), 25-43.

Examines nutritional and health status of adult women living in isolated areas of northwestern Pichincha (Province). 8599. Pareja, Wenceslao. A lgunos datos sobre la peste bubnica en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Librera e Impr. La Reforma, 1915. 42 p. 8600. Pedersen, Duncan; and Carlos Colina. Traditional Medicine in Ecuador: the Structure of the Non-Formal Health Systems, Social Science & Medicine, 17:17 (1983), 12491255. 8601. Pobreza urbana, enfermedad y comportamiento popular, Fernando Caldern [et al.]. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1991. 208 p. A study of poverty in the capital and of relationships between poverty and disease. 8602. Polticas de salud y pueblos indios, Carlos Tern y Miguel Malo, compiladores, 1 ed. Quito: Universidad Andina Simn Bolvar, Subsede Ecuador; MSP-OPS-OMS; Abya-Yala, 1995. 189 p. 8603. La Prctica mdica tradicional en las Provincias del A zuay, Caar, El Oro y Morona Santiago, Alberto Quezada Ramn [et al.]. Cuenca: IDICSA, 1988. 3 v. (695 p.) 8604. Price, Laurie J. In the Shadow of Biomedicine: Self Medication in Two Ecuadorian Pharmacies, Social Science & Medicine, 28:9 (Sept. 1989), 905-915. 8605. Primary Health Services in Ecuador: Comparative Costs, Quality, and Equity of Care in Ministry of Health and Rural Social Security Facilities, Robert L. Robertson [et al.], Social Science & Medicine, 32:12 (Dec. 1991), 1327-1336. A comparative study of costs, quality, and financial equity of Ministerio de Salud Pblica and Servicio Social Ecuatoriano primary health care services. 8606. Quevedo Coronel, Rafael. Estudio mdico social de la tuberculosis pulmonor en la regin interandina del Ecuador. Quito: Impr. Municipal, 1939. 329 p. 8607. Ribadeneira, Juan Carlos. Pobreza urbana: enfermedad y comportamiento popular, 1 ed. Quito: Centro Andino de Accin Popular, 1991. 208 p. A study of a neighborhood clinic in the outskirts of the capital. Examines interaction between socioeconomic conditions and illness. 8608. Rodrguez, Germn. La faz oculta de la medicina andina. Quito: Ncleo de Amrica Ecuatorial, 1992. 165 p. 8609. Rodrguez, Lilia. Nutricin, consumo y cocina popular, Ecuador debate, 9 (sept. 1985), 243-255. 8610. Sacoto A., Fernando; Carlos Tern P.; and Fausto Andrade L. La atencin de la salud en el Ecuador: contribuciones para el debate. Quito: Movimiento Laico para Amrica Latina, 1992. 272 p. 8611. Senz, Angel R. Breves observaciones acerca del clima de la ciudad de Quito con relacin a algunas enfermedades. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1905. 27 p.

8612. Senz, Juan Pablo. Estado actual de la higiene escolar en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Grf. de Educacin, 1942. 93 p. 8613. Sanhueza Alvarado, Ricardo. El mal de ojo, mito o realidad: prcticas manabitas, A ntropologa ecuatoriana, 2/3 (1984), 125-141. 8614. Sola Villena, Jos Humberto. Crisis de salud en las comunidades indgenas: impacto de los programs estatales en el occidente de la Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Cusco: Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolom de las Casas, 1991. 193 p. 8615. Surez, Jos. La salud pblica: crisis y alternativas. Quito: Ecuador Siglo XXI; Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo; Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, 1992. 139, iii p. Published together with: Marco Pozo and Luis Rivadeneira, Cambios en la dinmica de la poblacin, 2 ed. (item 8782). 8616. Surez, Pablo Arturo. A lgunas observaciones sobre la peste negra y la pulga Cheopis en el Ecuador. Quito: Tall. Tip. Nacionales, 1927. 18 p. 8617. Surez, Pablo Arturo. Contribucin al estudio del problema de la tuberculosis en el Ecuador. Quito: Impr. de la Universidad Central, 1935. 84 p. 8618. Systems of Medical Knowledge: a Case Study of the Use of Botanicals among Physicians in Guaranda, Ecuador, Anthony Cavendar [et al.], SECOLA S A nnals, 27 (Mar. 1996), 58-67. 8619. Trumper, Ricardo; and Lynne Phillips. Cholera in the Time of Neoliberalism: the Cases of Chile and Ecuador, A lternatives: Social Transformation and Humane Governance, 20:2 (Apr./June 1995), 165-193. Examines the impact of politics on how national governments of Chile and Ecuador reacted to and coped with the epidemic of 1991-1993. 8620. Valenzuela, Alfredo J. Breve resumen sobre la patologa ecuatoriana y su distribucin geogrfica. Guayaquil: [s.n.], 1921. 57 p. 8621. Valenzuela, Alfredo J. Fiebre tifoidea en Guayaquil. Guayaquil: Impr. Municipal, 1916. 8622. Varea Q., Marco T. Botnica mdica nacional. Quito: Grf. San Pablo, 1981. xiii, 161 p. 8623. Varea Tern, Jos; and Mauro Rivadeneira. Bocio y sal yodada en el Ecuador: situacin actual. Quito: Fundacin Ciencia para Estudios del Hombre y la Naturaleza, 1980. 104 p. 8624. Vela Chiriboga, Guillermo; and Mara del Carmen Alarcn de Vela. Secretos de Vilcabamba para vivir siempre joven, 1 ed. Quito: Corporacin de Estudios y Publicaciones, 1989. 359 p. 8625. Wandemberg, Benjamn; and Jaime Rivadeneira. El paludismo del Valle de los Chillos. Quito: Impr. del Ministerio de Educacin, 1941. 39 p.

8626. Whitten, Norman E., Jr.; and Dorothea S. Whitten. Report of a Process Linking Basic Science Research with an Action Oriented Program for Research Subjects, Human Organization: Journal of the Society for A pplied A nthropology, 36:1 (Spring 1977), 101-105. Reports on medical care program instigated by the Whittens for their Canelos Quichua informants.

Women

The in-depth study of women and of their roles in the past and present of Ecuador dates from the closing decades of the twentieth century. Previously ignored except for the occasional saint, sinner, and heroine such as Mariana de Jess, Manuela Senz, and Marietta de Veintemilla, far reaching studies of women in the economic and social as well as in the cultural and political life of Ecuador began to appear in the late twentieth century. Four important examples of the increasing sophistication of womens studies as well as important studies in their own right are and that came to my attention too late for inclusion as separate entries: 1) Jenny Londoo Lpezs A ngeles o demonios?: las mujeres y la Iglesia en la A udiencia de Quito, 1 ed. (Guaranda: Universidad Estatal de Bolvar; Quito: Centro para el Desarrollo Social, 1995; 121 p.); 2) Palabras del silencio: las mujeres latinoamericana y su historia, Martha Moscoso (compiladora) (Quito: Abya-Yala; DGIS/Holanda; UNICEF, 1995; 407 p.); 3) Marjan Renss De helft van de wereld: vrouwen, identiteit en symboliek in Ecuador (Amsterdam: Het Spinhuis, 1993; 98 p.); and 4) Y el amor no era todo ...: mujeres, imgenes y conflictos, Martha Moscoso, editora (Quito, Abya-Yala; DGIS/Holanda, 1996; 215 p.). Palabras del silencio includes three contributions of particular importance to Ecuadorianists: 1) Vernica Montfar Mancheno, Poder y continuidad: mujeres del estrato popular urbano: Quito en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX (p. 77-94); 2) A. Kim Clarks Gnero, raza y nacin: la proteccin a la infancia en el Ecuador, 1910-1945 (p. 219-256); and 3) Martha Moscosos La historia de las mujeres en el Ecuador (p. 383-399), a review of the then nascent literature. The Rens monograph is a study of how indigenous women of the community of San Pedro de Cochapamba think of themselves and of their place in the community. Y el amor no era todo, not yet seen by me, is supposed to consist of essay on the history of women in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

8627 . Albn Idrovo, Olga. Situacin socio-econmica-legal de la mujer en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Edit. Scorpio, 1980. 39 p. 8628. Breilh, Jaime. La triple carga: trabajo, prctica domstica y procreacin: deterioro prematuro de la mujer en el neoliberalismo, 1 ed. Quito: Centro de Estudios y Asesora en Salud, 1991. 92 p. 8629. Cannon, Mary M. Womens Organizations in Ecuador, Panama and Peru, Bulletin of the Pan A merican Union, 77: 11 (Nov. 1946), 601-607.

8630 . Cisternos, Tatiana; and Irene Paredes Vsconez. A qu nosotras. Quito: Unin Nacional de Mujeres del Ecuador, 1990. 93 p. A study of family violence, especially of spouse abuse. 8631. Correa Len, Sandra. Mujer, situacin social y jurdico laboral en el Ecuador. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich Naumann: Ministerio de Bienestar Social: Comit Ecuatoriano de Cooperacin con la Comisin Interamericana de Mujeres, 1990. xx, 283 p. Details changes in civil and labor codes in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, regarding the status and rights of women. 8632. Crespi, Muriel. Mujeres campesinas como lderes sindicales, Estudios andinos, 5:1 (junio 1976), 151-171. 8633 . Cuvi Snchez, Mara; and Alexandra Martnez Flores. El muro interior: las relaciones de gnero en el Ecuador de fines del siglo XX . Quito: Centro de Planificacin y Estudios SocialesCEPLAES, 1994. xvii, 156 p. 8634. Diagnostico de la situacin de la mujer en el Ecuador, 1980-1994: informe nacional para la Cuarta Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer, Beijing, 1995. Quito: CECIM 1994. 281 p. Compiled by Eduardo Ramos Peaherrera, Mara Eugenia de Mora, and Aida Gallegos de Moncayo under the direction of Mercedes Jimnez de Vega. Examines economic, social, and legal conditions and status of women in the 1980s and the first half of the 1990s. 8635. Entre los lmites y las rupturas: las mujeres ecuatorianas en la dcada del 80. Quito: ACDI-CEPLAES, 1992. xiv, 408 p. A collection of well researched and documented essays on the status of women in the 1980s. 8636. Faulkner, Anne H.; and Victoria A. Lawson. Employment Versus Empowerment: a Case Study of Womens Work in Ecuador, Journal of Development Studies, 27:3 (July 1991), 1647. Evaluates the paradigm of womens disparate access to means and rewards of productive activity by examining the differences in male and females occupations as assessed by the population censuses of 1974 and 1982. 8637. Formas de participacin de la mujer en cinco zonas rurales del Ecuador. Quito: Central Ecuatoriana de Servicios Agrcolas, 1987. 106 p. Consists of five case studies of the condition of women in geographically and economic distinct, largely indigenous rural communities as of the 1980s. 8638. Gua de la mujer ecuatoriana. Quito: ILDIS: CEPAM, 1986. 167 p. 8639. Hamilton, Sarah. Visible Partners: Womens Labor and Management of Agricultural Capital on Small Farms in the Highlands of Central Ecuador, Urban A nthropology and Studies of Cultural Systems and World Economic Development, 21:4 (Winter 1992), 353-383. Argues that the systematic exclusion of women farmers from development projects compromised the adoption of appropriate technology and the improvement of household

income and nutrition. Although many women were farmers in their own right, the misconception persisted that it is men who make the decisions and therefore determine productivity. Based on field research in rural communities of Canton Salcedo, Province of Cotopaxi. See also Hamiltons study of the former hacienda of Chanchal in the aforesaid canton, her doctoral dissertation: The Two-Headed Household: Gender and Agricultural Development in an Andean Setting. 1995. ix, 472 leaves. University of Kentucky. Subsequently published as: The Two-Headed Household: Gender and Rural Development in the Ecuadorean Andes. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1998. x, 296 p. 8640. Hatarishpa ninimi = Me levanto y digo: testimonio de tres mujeres quichua, entrevistas de Martha Bulnes. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1990. 152 p. In Quichua and Spanish. Publishes interviews with: Josefina Amaguaa, an Otavalea and a member of a family of weavers; Trnsito Amaguaa, one of the leaders of the 1920 uprisings in Cayambe; and Nina Pacari of Cotacachi, a member of a family that was undergoing mestization as of the 1980s, according to Bulnes. 8641. Jmenez de Vega, Mercedes. La mujer ecuatoriana: frustraciones y esperanzas. Quito: Banco Central del Ecuador, 1981. 123 p. 8642. Lind, Amy Conger. Power, Gender, and Development: Popular Womens Organizations and the Politics of Needs in Ecuador, T he Making of Social Movements in Latin A merica: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy, edited by Arturo Escobar and Sonia E. Alvarez (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992), p. 134-149. A solid introduction to womens rights organizations. Includes a discussion of the relationship between the womens movement and the state. Also published in Spanish as: Poder, genero y desarrollo: las organizaciones populares de mujeres y la poltica de necesidades en Ecuador, Mujeres y participacin poltica: avances y desafos en A mrica Latina, Magdalena Len (compiladora) (Bogot: TM Editores, 1994), p. 205-226. 8643. Luzuriaga C., Carlos. Situacin de la mujer en el Ecuador: comentarios derivados de una revisin de la literatura. Quito: Misin de USAID en el Ecuador, 1980. 109 p. 8644. Manzo Rodas, Rosa; Marena Briones Velastegui; and Tatiana Cordero Velsquez. N osotras, las seoras alegres, 1 ed. Quito: Abrapalabra Editores, 1991. 95 p. Narratives of prostitutes and members of the Asociacin Femenina de Trabajadoras Autnomas 22 de Junio de El Oro. 8645. McKee, Lauris. Mens Rights/Womens Wrongs: Domestic Violence in Ecuador, Sanctions and Sanctuary: Cultural Perspectives on the Beating of Wives, edited by Dorothy Ayers Counts, Judith K. Brown, and Jacquelyn C. Campbell (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992), p. 131156. A study of the mestizo and Indian community of Las Flores in the Province of Tungurahua.

8646. Memorias del Seminario Estrategias para la Participacin de la Mujer en la Poltica, organizado por Comit Ecuatoriano de Cooperacin con la Comisin Interamericana de Mujeres. Quito: Fundacin Friedrich-Nauman, 1988. 210 p. 8647. Menndez Carrin, Amparo. Mujer y participacin poltica en el Ecuador: elementos para la configuracin de una temtica. Quito: FLACSO, 1989. 29 p. 8648. Moscoso, Gladys; and Fabiola Sols de King. La sexualidad femina en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1987. 349 p. 8649. Mujer andina: condiciones de vida y participacin. Quito: Central Ecuatoriana de Servicios Agrcolas, 1993. 270 p. 8650. Mujer campesina: ahora! Quito: Federacin Nacional de Organizaciones Campesinas: Fundaciones Brethren y Unida, 1986. 104 p. Proceedings of the first Encuentro Nacional de la Mujer Campesina, held in Quito in 1985. 8651. La Mujer en la Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas. Guayaquil: Departamento de Publicaciones, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, Universidad de Guayaquil, 1987. 251 p. 8652. Mujer y familia en la prensa ecuatoriana de ... 1992-. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1993-. 8653. Mujer y trabajo. Quito: CEPLAES, 1990. 106 p. 8654. Mujer y transformaciones agrarias en la sierra ecuatoriana, Susana Balarezo [et al.]. Quito: CEPLAES: Corporacin Editora Nacional: Instituto Nacional de Formacin Obrera y Campesina, 1984. 243 p. 8655. Mujeres microempresarias y microcomerciantes de los barrios marginales de Quito: investigacin, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigacin y Capacitacin de la Mujer, IECAIM, 1 ed. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1990. 148 p. 8656. Mller, Astrid. Por pan y equidad: organizaciones de mujeres ecuatorianas. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala 1994. 180 p. 8657. Paredes Vasconez, Irene. La mujer en la vida social. Quito: Su Librera, 1982. 94 p. 8658. El Pensamiento femenino en el Ecuador, CIM; presentado por Mercedes Jimnez de Vega. Quito: Edit. Publitcnica, 1986. 183 p. 8659. Phillips, Lynne P. Women, Development, and the State in Rural Ecuador, Rural Women and State Policy: Feminist Perspectives on Latin A merican A gricultural Development, edited by Carmen Diana Deere and Magdalena Len (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987), p. 105-123. 8660. Phillips, Lynne P. The Power of Representation: Agrarian Politics and Rural Womens Interpretation of the Household in Coastal Ecuador, Dialectical A nthropology, 15 (1990), 271-283. 8661. Poeschel Rees, Ursula. La mujer salasaca: su situacin en una poca de reestructuracin econmica-cultural, 2 ed. Quito: Abya-Yala, 1988. 182 p.

8662. Que significa ser mujer rural. Quito: Direccin Nacional de la Mujer, 1991. 83 p. 8663. Robalino C., Magaly; Marco Villarruel A.; and Edgar Isch L. Mujeres invisibles: un estudio del sexismo en la docencia y en los textos escolares ecuatorianos. Quito: Ministerio de Bienestar Social-DINAMU: Ministerio de Educacin y Cultura-CENAISE-UNICEF, 1992. vii, 58 p. 8664. Rodrguez, Lilia; and Magdalena Len T. Lineamientos para incorporar las necesidades de gnero en las polticas sociales. Quito: DINAMU, Ministerio de Bienestar Social, [1990?]. 8665. Rodrguez de Troya, Luzmila. Examen y evaluacin de la dcada de la mujer en el Ecuador, 1976-1985. Quito: Comit Ecuatoriano de Cooperacin con la Comisin Interamericana de Mujeres, 1984. iii, 253 p. 8666. Romo-Leroux, Ketty. La mujer: dura lucha por la igualdad. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1983. 300 p. Updates and expands upon item 8667. 8667. Romo-Leroux, Ketty. Situacin jurdica y social de la mujer en el Ecuador. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, 1975. 248 p. Published under authors married name: Ketty Romo Leroux de Morales. Her explicit purpose was consciousness raising among women and progressive men. At the same time a study of the historical development of the social and legal status of women in Ecuador. Highly informative. 8668. Situacin de la mujer empleada bajo regimen de dependencia. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigacin y Capacitacin de la Mujer, 1989. 100 p. 8669. Situacin de la mujer en la economa informal: caso ecuatoriano. Quito: Instituto Ecuatoriano de Investigacin y Capacitacin de la Mujer, 1991. xiii, 61 p. A methodologically questionable study of women in the informal economy. Based on sample of mico-enterprises in the vicinity of the capital. 8670. Situacin de las obreras industriales de Quito. Quito: Direccin Nacional de la Mujer, 1991. 59 p. 8671. Stark, Louisa R. The Role of Women in Peasant Uprisings in the Ecuadorian Highlands, Political A nthropology of Ecuador (item 7956), p. 3-23. See also Starks Division of Labor and the Control of Economic Resources among Indian Women in the Ecuadorian Highlands, A ndean Perspectives, 3 (1979), 1-5. 8672. Stlen, Kristi Anne. A media voz: relaciones de gnero en la sierra ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: CEPLAES, 1987. 173 p. 8673. Stlen, Kristi Anne. A media voz: ser mujer campesina en la sierra ecuatoriana, 1 ed. Quito: CEPLAES, 1987. 173 p. Notwithstanding the similarities in title and the identical number of pages, items 8672 and 8673 are separate, distinct works. The latter is a study of peasant women in Caipi.

8674. Stlen, Kristi Anne. Gender, Sexuality and Violence in Ecuador, Ethnos, 56:1/2 (1991), 82-100. A study of the mestizo community of Caipi, near Machachi, Pichincha. Like McKee (item 8642), Stlen finds wife beatings to be widespread and long standing. 8675. Torres Q., Magdalena. La mujer, el empleo y la fecundidad en el Ecuador, colaboracin de Richard Bilsborrow [et al.]. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 116 p. 8676. Unin Nacional de Mujeres del Ecuador. A qu nosotras: UN ME en la Dcada de la Mujer, 1975-1985, editora Irene Paredes Vsconez. Quito: UNME, 1988. 758 p. 8677. Unin Popular de Mujeres de Loja. ...y no tenamos voz! Cuenca: Universidad de Cuenca, Departamento de Difusin Cultural, 1985. 174 p. 8678. Vzquez Fuller, Beatriz. La mujer indgena, A mrica indgena, 34:3 (jul./sep. 1974), 663-676. 8679. Vega Ugalde, Silvia. Participacin de las mujeres en las elecciones. Quito: Grupo de Mujeres Tomasa Garcs, 1988. 17 p. 8680. Weiss, Wendy A. Es el que manda: Sexual Inequality and Its Relation to Economic Development in the Ecuadorian Sierra. 1985. x, 226, 5 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)Bryn Mawr College. 8681. Women, Work and the N eed for Child Care: Opportunities for Programmatic Collaboration: a Review of UN ICEF-Supported Programmes in N epal, Ecuador and Ethiopia, edited by Cassie Landers and Ann Leonard. New York: UNICEF, 1992. 89 p.

Population

There are or at least were two journals devoted to population developments and issues: Correo poblacional (vol. 1, no. 1 [1993]-), published by the Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable in Quito; and Poblacin y desarrollo: revista del Centro de Estudios Poblacionales, I.D.I.S. (no. 1 [1984]-), published by the Center of Population Studies of the Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (Universidad de Cuenca) conjointly with the United Nations Fund for Population Activities.

8682. Alberto, Ana Lizon; and Gloria Montero. Land of Beginning Again, T he Canadian Forum, 55:654 (Sept. 1975), 23-28. A case study of Ecuadorian and Uruguayan women immigrants. Authors find that the women studied were forced to migrate to Canada by the economic situations in their countries and that they would have preferred to have gone to the United States but settled for Canada, given the latters more liberal immigration and refugee policies.

8683. Alvarado, Rafael. El problema de la colonizacin en el Ecuador, Revista de la Sociedad Jurdica-Literaria, 51:133 (ene./dic. 1953), 115-130. 8684. A nlisis de la fecundidad en la Repblica del Ecuador, 1954-1971, Centro de Anlisis Demogrfico. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1974. 21 p. 8685. Arambur, Carlos. Is Population Policy Necessary?: Latin America and the Andean Countries, T he N ew Politics of Population: Conflict and Consensus in Family Planning, Jason L. Finkle, C. Alison McIntosh editors (New York: Population Council, 1994), 159-178. 8686. Archetti, Eduardo P. Rural Families and Demographic Behaviour: Some Latin American Analogies, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 26:2 (Apr. 1984), 251-279. Compares the demographic behavior of rural communities in nineteenth- and twentiethcentury Argentina and twentieth-century Ecuador with that of pre-industrial and industrializing Europe. The Ecuadorian community studied was Machachi (Pichincha). 8687. Arias Buenao, Alba. Los flujos migratorios en Guayaquil, 1962-1974, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 59-109. 8688. Arias Buenao, Alba. Las migraciones de la poblacin en la Provincia del Guayas. Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Econmicas, 1979. 301 p. 8689. Arzaga, Rafael Mara; and Remigio Crespo Toral. Colonizacin Oriental. Cuenca: Centro de Estudios Histricos y Geogrficos de Cuenca, 1919. 65 p. 8690. A spectos socioeconmicos en el proceso demogrfico, 2 . versin rev. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1990. 33 p. 8691. Astudillo Romero, Jaime; and Claudio Cordero Espinosa. Huayrapamushcas en USA : flojos migratorios de la regin centro-sur del Ecuador a los Estados Unidos. Quito: Edit. El Conejo, 1990. 39 p. 8692. Banda C., Francisco. Immigration and Colonization Problems of Ecuador, Bulletin of the Pan A merican Union, 60:12 (Dec. 1926), 1202-1220. 8693. Barreiro, Jorge. El control de la natalidad en la planificacin de la familia ecuatoriana, A nales de la Universidad Central del Ecuador, 97:352 (mayo 1969), 131-145. 8695. Behm, Hugo; and Luis Rosero Bixby. La mortalidad en los primeros aos de vida en pases de la A mrica Latina: Ecuador, 1969-1970. San Jos, Costa Rica: Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa, 1977. xiii, 91 p. 8696. Bermeo C., Jack. Censos del Ecuador para 1960, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 2, p. 95-130. Summarizes the results of the first national census of the population, taken in 1950, and discusses the preparations for the next census, supposed to have been taken in 1960, but not realized until 1962. 8697. Bonifaz, Emilio. Los prximos 40 aos. Quito: Tall. de la Seccin de Apoyo Acadmico del I.A.E.N., 1981. i, 93 p.

An exercise in population forecasting. Also examines the ability of agriculture to keep pace with expected increase in population. 8698. Borja M., Eduardo. Factores determinantes de una mortalidad prematura en Ecuador. Voorburg, Netherlands: World Fertility Survey; London: World Fertility Survey, 1985. 31 p. (World Fertility Survey Scientific Reports; no. 74) 8699. Brea, Jorge A. Migration and Circulation in Ecuador, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Leiden), 82:3 (1991), 206-214. Examines mobility of labor as a function of the socioeconomic structure of places and individuals. Focuses on the impact of agrarian change on internal migration. Finds that many rural males migrate seasonally or for long periods to cities and towns but retain ownership of land in their native villages. 8700. Brown, Lawrence A.; Jorge A. Brea; and Andres R. Goetz. Policy Aspects of Development and Individual Mobility: Migration and Circulation from Ecuadors Rural Sierra, Economic Geography, 64:2 (Apr. 1988), 147-170. Examines out migration from the rural highlands between 1974 and 1982, and the differential impact of agrarian reform on rural inhabitants of the highlands during the period in question. 8701. Cabrera, Luis Mario. La dinmica demogrfica de Cuenca: anlisis del perodo 19501982, Revista del IDIS, 19 (nov. 1988), 141-160. 8702. Carpio Benlcazar, Patricio. Entre pueblos y metrpolis: la migracin internacional en comunidades austroandinas del Ecuador. Cuenca: ILDIS; Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1992. 220 p. 8703. Carrasco, Hernn. Migracin temporal en la sierra: una estrategia de recampesinizacin, El Campesino contemporneo: cambios recientes en los pases andinos, edicin de Fernando Bernal C. (Bogot: CEREC: Tercer Mundo Editores: Fundacin Friedrich Ebert de Colombia: Estudios Rurales Latinoamericanos, 1990), p. 151-184. Carrasco concludes that peasants employ short-term migration to urban areas to supplement income derived from their primary endeavors and therefore that out migration does not in fact relieve pressure on the land. This is a well documented phenomenon in Ecuador in the past as well as the present. The real question is the extent to which short-term migration prevails over long-term migration. 8704. Casagrande, Joseph B.; Stephen I. Thompson; and Philip D. Young. Colonization as a Research Frontier: the Ecuadorian Case, Process and Pattern in Culture: Essays in Honor of Julian H. Steward, edited by Robert A. Manners (Chicago: Aldine, 1964), p. 281-325. 8705. Castillo, Mario; Ana Mara Gonzlez; and Azucena Vicua. El desarrollo demogrfico-espacial de la ciudad de Puyo, Geografa y desarrollo (Quito: Centro Panamericano de Estudios e Investigaciones Geogrficas, 1982), p. 273-298. 8706. Cisneros Cisneros, Csar. Demografa y estadstica sobre el indio ecuatoriano. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1948. 348 p.

Cisneros doctoral dissertation. Undertaken before the first national census of 1950, this work remains useful for statistical data from the 1940s. In most respects, however, it has been superseded by more recent, better documented, and more methodologically sophisticated studies. 8707. Cisneros Cisneros, Csar. Indian Migration from the Andean Zone of Ecuador to the Lowlands, A mrica indgena, 19:3 (jul./sep. 1959), 225-231. 8708. La Colonizacin en el Ecuador. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Colonizacin, 1959. 80 p. 8709. Compendio bsico poblacional. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1990. 110 p. A useful introduction to the state and movement of the population in the 1980s. Written for nonspecialists. 8710. Conforti, Emilio A. Colonizacin, reforma agraria, migraciones internas: consideraciones, sugerencias, propuestas, ed. preliminar. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1960. 128 p. 8711. Chen, Kwan Hwa; Samuel Wishnik; and Susan C.M. Scrimshaw. The Effects of Unstable Sexual Unions on Fertility in Guayaquil, Ecuador, Human Biology, 21:4 (Winter 1974), 353-359. Analyzes age-specific fertility for nearly 2,000 women and 1,000 men. Instability of consensual unions results in lost reproductive time and an increase in number of partners per person. Such lost reproductive time lowered the fertility of males, but the effects of unstable relations upon fertility of females are not clear-cut. 8712. Delaunay, Daniel. Cartografa demogrfica de las parroquias ecuatorianas. Quito: CEDIG, 1987. 40 p., 32 maps. 8713. Delaunay, Daniel. Ecuador, cartografa de las poblaciones parroquiales. Quito: CEDIG, 1987. 64 p. (Documentos de investigacin. Serie Demografa y geografa de la poblacin; no. 5) 8714. Delaunay, Daniel. Espacios demogrficos y redes migratorias en el Ecuador, Flujos geogrficos en el Ecuador (item 7639), p. 71-98. 8715. Delaunay, Daniel. La fecundidad en las provincias ecuatorianas, 1954-1985. Quito: CEDIG, 1986. 66 p. (Documentos de investigacin. Serie Demografa y geografa de la poblacin; no. 4) 8716. Delaunay, Daniel. La medida de las mortalidades provinciales en el Ecuador. Quito: CEDIG, 1988. 162 p. (Documentos de investigacin. Serie Demografa y geografa de la poblacin; no. 7) 8717. Delaunay, Daniel. Migraciones internas en el Ecuador, 1950-1982. Quito: Centro Ecuatoriano de Investigacin Geogrfica (CEDIG), 1987. 165 p. (Documentos de investigacin. Serie Demografa y geografa de la poblacin; no. 4) 8718. Delaunay, Daniel. Revolucin demogrfica en el Ecuador, Cultura, 8:24b (ene./abr. 1986), 493-506.

Also published in French as: Rvolution dmographique en Equateur, Equateur 1986 (Paris: Editions de lORSTOM, 1989), vol. 1, p. 209-226. 8719. Delaunay, Daniel; Juan B. Len Velasco; and Michel Portais. Transicin demogrfica en el Ecuador, 1 ed. Quito: CEDIG, 1990. 269 p. (Geografa bsica del Ecuador; t. 2). (Geografa de la poblacin; vol. 1) Able analysis of the state and movement of the population from the first modern or truly national census of 1950 through the fertility and related surveys of the 1970s and 1980s, mostly by the senior author. Includes two background chapters on known, inferred, and conjectured pre-1950 trends and developments. 8720. Demografa y aspectos socioeconmicos del Ecuador. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin Econmica, 1971. 153 leaves. Publishes papers presented at the 1971 Seminario sobre Poblacin y Desarrollo sponsored by the Organization of American States and the Junta Nacional de Planificacin Econmica. 8721. Duverneuil, Franois. Distribucin de la poblacin en la Provincia de Loja y su evolucin entre 1950 y 1974, Cultura, 5:15 (ene./abr. 1983), 255-284. 8722. Ecuador. Presidencia. Plan de colonizacin italiana. Quito: Tall. Grf. Nacionales, 1950. 127 p. 8723. Ecuador, estimaciones y proyecciones de poblacin, 1950-2000. Quito: Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo; Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censo; Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa, 1984. 150 p. 8724. Ecuador, poblacin y crisis. Quito: CICE, 1973. 79 p. 8725. Ecuador, proyecciones de poblacin por provincias, cantones, reas, sexo y grupos de edad: perodo 1990-2000. Quito: Edit. San Luis [para el] Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1994. viii, 101 p. 8726. Ekstrom, John Peter. Colonization East of the Andes: Responding to a New Ecology. 1979. vii, 174 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of Illinois, Urbana. 8727. Emigracin rural y desarrollo agrcola en la sierra ecuatoriana, Revista geogrfica (Mxico, D.F.), 93 (ene./jun. 1981), 7-35. 8728. Farrell, Gilda. Migracin temporal y trabajo urbano. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1985. 27 p. 8729. Farrell, Gilda. Los migrantes campesinos en la sierra. Quito: Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Ecuador, Instituto de Investigaciones Econmicas: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Socio Econmicos, 1983. 25 p. 8730. Farrell, Gilda; Simn Pachano; and Hernn Carrasco. Caminantes y retornos. Quito: Instituto de Estudios Ecuatorianos, 1988. 167 p. Argues that peasants migrate to remain peasants, in other words, that they seek temporary employment elsewhere, especially in the cities, in order to supplement the income they derive from the land.

8731. Fecundidad en el Ecuador: resultados comparativos de las encuestas de fecundidad de 1979 y materno infantil y variables demogrficas de 1982. Quito: CEPAR, 1984. 30 p. 8732. Fernndez, Mara Augusta. Quito, crecimiento y dinmica de una ciudad andina, Revista geogrfica (Mxico, D.F.), 110 (1989), 121-164. 8733. Gonzlez, Clementina. Estrategias de reproduccin de las familias campesinas de Cuenca: un estudio exploratorio, Revista del IDIS, 19 (nov. 1988), 161-203. 8734. Herrera de Rivadeneira, Mara Ines. Evaluacin de la Encuesta nacional de fecundidad de 1979 de Ecuador. Voorburg, Netherlands: International Statistical Institute; London: World Fertility Survey, 1984. 59 p. 8735. The Impact of Origin Community Characteristics on Rural-Urban Out-Migration in a Developing Country, Robert E. Bilsborrow [et al.], Demography, 24:2 (May 1987), 191-210. 8736. Jaramillo Medina, Carlos. Desarrollo de la poblacin de Cuenca, El Tres de noviembre, 143 (sept./dic. 1985), 77-103. 8737. Jurez, Ftima. Intervencin de las instituciones en la reduccin de la fecundidad y la mortalidad infantil, Estudios demogrficos y urbanos, 7:2/3 (mayo/dic. 1992), 377-405. 8738. Landmann, Robert S. Politics and Population in Ecuador: the Impact of Internal Migration on Political Attitudes and Behavior. 1974. 327 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)University of New Mexico. 8739. Lentz, Carola. Estrategias de reproduccin y migracin temporaria: indgenas de Cajabamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 194-215. 8740. Lentz, Carola. Von seiner Heimat kann Man nicht lassen: Migration in einer Dorfgemeinde in Ecuador. Frankfurt: Campus, 1988. 315 p. A study of Indian migration from Cajabamba, Province of Chimborazo, to urban areas of the highlands and the coast and to the sugar plantations of the coast. 8741. Len Velasco, Juan. Las migraciones internas en el Ecuador: una aproximacin geogrfica, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 33-58. 8742. Lowder, Stella. La colonizacin como estrategia para el desarrollo: el caso del Cantn de Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Geografa y desarrollo (Quito: Centro Panamericano de Estudios e Investigaciones Geogrficas, 1982), p. 127-232. 8743. Martnez Valle, Luciano. Migracin y cambios en las estrategas familiares de las comunidades indgenas de la sierra, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 110-128. 8744. Mauro, Amalia. A lbailes campesinos: migracin temporal de los obreros de construccin, 1 ed. Quito: Ciudad, Centro de Investigaciones, 1986. 136 p. 8745. Merlo Jaramillo, Pedro M. Ecuador, anlisis de la encuesta de fecundidad urbana y rural realizada en el ao 1967-68. Santiago de Chile: Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa, 1971. iii, 32 p.

8746. Merlo Jaramillo, Pedro M. Estructura y crecimiento de la poblacin. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, Divisin de Estadstica y Censos, 1967. 108 p. 8747. Metodologa para el anlisis demogrfico de la fuerza de trabajo, Revista del IDIS, 26 (dic. 1990), 141-187. 8748. Middleton, DeWight R. Migration and Urbanization in Ecuador: A View from the Coast, Urban A nthropology, 8:3/4 (Winter 1979), 313-332. A case study of Manta. 8749. Migraciones y migrantes. Quito: CAAP, 1985. 227 p. 8750. Molina S., Juan. Las migraciones internas en el Ecuador. Quito: Edit. Universitaria, 1965. 86 p. 8751. Moreno Mora, Cecilia. Tabla de vida para la poblacin masculina activa de la Repblica del Ecuador alrededor de 1950, Planificacin (Quito), 1:2 (mayo 1963), 99-137. 8752. Orbe C., Carlos; and Leopoldo Chontasi. Communidad, migracin y capital: el caso Tabacundo, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 216-226. 8753. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: A zuay. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 57 p. 8754. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Bolvar. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 55 p. 8755. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Caar. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 57 p. 8756. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Carchi. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 50 p. 8757. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Chimborazo. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 55 p. 8758. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Cotopaxi. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 52 p. 8759. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Guayas. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 59 p. 8760. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Imbabura. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 50 p. 8761. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Loja. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 55 p. 8762. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Manab. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 56 p.

8763. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: N apo. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 54 p. 8764. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Pichincha. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 59 p. 8765. Ordez Sotomayor, Jos; and Francisco Aguirre. Boletn socio-demogrfico: Tungurahua. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 59 p. 8766. Pachano, Simn. Migracin desde un pueblo serrano: Guaytacama, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1985), 129-152. 8767. Pachano, Simn. Pueblos de la sierra. Quito: Programa de Investigaciones Sociales sobre Poblacin en Amrica Latina: Instituto de Estudios Ecuatorianos, 1986. 162 p. 8768. Pachano, Simn. Sobrepoblacin relativa: un acercamiento al caso del campesinado serrano, Revista ciencias sociales (Quito), 4:12 (1981), 110-136. 8769. Papail, Jean. Migracin y fuerza de trabajo en el agro serrano-ecuatoriano: algunos problemas ligados al uso de los datos censales, Ecuador debate, 11 (jun. 1986), 57-75. 8770. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. La distribucin geogrfica de la poblacin del Ecuador. Quito: Universidad, 1938. 32 p. 8771. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. La poblacin de Quito en 1933, Gaceta Municipal (Quito), 19:79 (oct./dic. 1934), 104-117. 8772. Paz y Mio, Luis Telmo. Se puede levantar el censo?. Quito: Reinoso, 1939. 31 p. 8773. Peek, Peter. Agrarian Change and Labor Migration in the Sierra of Ecuador, State Policies and Migration: Studies in Latin A merica and the Caribbean, edited by Peter Peek and Guy Standing (London: Croom Helm, 1982), p. 121-145. 8774. Prez Guerrero, Edmundo. Colonizacin e inmigracin en el Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1954. 259 p. 8775. Pinto, Ernesto. Fecundidad en la adolescencia: Ecuador 1967-1978. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1984. 64 p. 8776. La Poblacin del Ecuador, Memoria del primer Congreso de Sociologa Ecuatoriana (item 8313), t. 2, p. 7-91. Based on the census of 1950. A useful statistical summary. Prepared by the Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica. 8777. Poblacin del Ecuador: composicin y crecimiento, 1950-1962-1974, Centro de Anlisis Demogrfico. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1974. 85 p. 8778. Poblacin, migracin y empleo en el Ecuador, Cesar Cisneros [et al.]; Simn Pachano, [compilador]. Quito: ILDIS, 1988. 351 p. 8779. Poblacin, salud y nutricin en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1992. 72 p.

8780. Poblacin y cambios sociales: diagnstico sociodemogrfico del Ecuador, 1950-1982, CONADE-UNFPA, 2 ed. Quito: Corporacin Editora Nacional, 1989. 376 p. (Biblioteca de ciencias sociales; 13) Detailed analysis of the state and movement of the population between the national censuses of 1950 and 1982. Prepared under the auspices of the Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo and the United Nations Fund for Population Activities with the assistance of the Centro Latinoamericano de Demografa. 8781. Poblacin y desarrollo socioeconmico en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable; Chicago: Centro para el Desarrollo Social, 1985. viii, 92 p. Authored by Francisco Pez Molestina, Jos Ordoez S., and Magdalena Torres Q. with the technical assistance of Donald J. Bogue. A primer on the state of the population in 1982, according to the results of the census of that year, and an examination of the changes that took place since the previous census of 1974. 8782. Poltica de poblacin de la Repblica del Ecuador: gua didctica. Quito: CONADE, Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo, 1988. 20 p. 8783. Pozo, Marco; and Luis Rivadeneira. Cambios en la dinmica de la poblacin (19902010) , 2 ed. Quito: Siglo XXI; Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo; Proyecto CONADE/GTZ, [1992?]. 139, iii p. Published together with: Jos Surez, La salud pblica (item 8615). 8784. Preston, David A. Aspects of Rural Emigration in Andean America, N orthern Universities Geographical Journal, 9 (1968), 9-15. A study of rural emigration and transhumance in the highlands during the 1950s. See also Prestons more recent Rural Emigration and the Future of Agriculture in Ecuador, Environment, Society, and Rural Change in Latin A merica, edited by David A. Preston (New York: Wiley, 1980), p. 195-208. 8785. Preston, David A. Rural migration to the Ecuadorian Orient. Leeds: University of Leeds, School of Geography, 1978. 6 p. (Working paper; 223) 8786. Preston, David A.; and G.A. Taveras. Caractersticas de la emigracin rural en la sierra ecuatoriana, Revista geogrfica, 84 (1976), 23-31. 8787. Preston, David A.; and Rosemary A. Preston. Dependency, Migration and Education at a Community Level in Highland Ecuador. Leeds: School of Geography, University of Leeds, 1980. 18 p. (Working Paper; 272) 8788. Proyeccin de la poblacin del Ecuador por sexo y grupos de edad, 1974-2009, Centro de Anlisis Demogrfico. Quito: Junta Nacional de Planificacin y Coordinacin Econmica, 1976. 56 p. 8789. Proyecciones de la poblacin ecuatoriana: por provincias, cantones, areas y grupos de edad. Quito: Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Censos, 1985. vi, 77 p.

8790. Puga Valencia, Carlos. Presin sobre el suelo y exodo en la migracin del Cantn Pedro Moncayo. Quito: Ediciones Abya-Yala, 1986. 217 p. Socioeconomic study of rural/urban migration in the Province of Pichincha. 8791. Quesada, Milton. La concentracin de la poblacin en el Azuay, Revista del IDIS, 19 (nov. 1988), 119-139. 8792. Quesada, Milton. Dinmica demogrfica de la Provincia del Azuay, Revista del IDIS, 19 (nov. 1988), 19-117. 8793. Rivera C., Carmen. Emigracin sierra-costa: (anlisis descriptivo a nivel de una comunidad indgena de la Provincia del Chimborazo), Universidad, Universidad Catlica de Santiago de Guayaquil, 16/17 (jun. 1972), 23-54. A case study of the Indian community of Santa Rosa. 8794. Rodas, Hernn. La migracin campesina en el Azuay, Ecuador debate, 8 (abr. 1965), 155-193. 8795. Rudel, Thomas K.; and Samuel Richards. Urbanization, Roads, and Rural Population Change in the Ecuadorian Andes, Studies in Comparative International Development, 25:3 (Fall 1990), 73-89. 8796. Rutenberg, Gary W.; and Stephen Beckerman. Further Data on the Oyacachi LiveBirth Sex Ratio, Current A nthropology, 22:2 (Apr. 1981), 173-175. Updates Beckermans earlier findings (see item 8796). The live birth sex ratio for May 16, 1969 through Aug. 15, 1979 was 66.7, and therefore for the entire twenty years studied 104.4, a thoroughly unexceptional figure. 8797. Senz Andrade, Alvaro. Expulsin de fuerza de trabajo agrcola y migracin campociudad, Segundo encuentro de historia y realidad econmica y social del Ecuador (item 574), vol. 2, p. 249-277. Argues that the conversion of haciendas in the highlands from tradicional to modern and the concomitant replacement of resident huasipungueros by non-resident salaried labor, beginning slowly in the 1950s and intensifying with the Agrarian Reform Law of 1964, constitute the reason for massive migration from the countryside to the city, especially Quito, between 1962 and 1974, utilizing Cutuglahua, a rural parish in the Canton of Meja in the Province of Pichincha, as example. 8898. Senz Andrade, Alvaro; and Amalia Mauro. Migracin laboral en el area de influencia de Quito. Santiago de Chile: PREALC, 1980. 107 p. 8799. Saunders, John V.D. T he People of Ecuador : a Demographic A nalysis. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1961. 61 p. Analysis of the 1950 or first modern national census. Also published in Spanish as: La poblacin del Ecuador. Quito: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, 1959. 8800. Scrimshaw, Susan C.M. Adaption and Family Size from Rural Ecuador to Guayaquil, Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (item 7939), p. 278-302.

Multi-variant study of newcomers to the port city and of the impact the Guayaquil has on them. The demands of survival and success favor small families, reinforcing the tendency of migrants from the highlands to have fewer children and causing migrants from rural areas of the coast to reduce their family size. One of several studies by the author on the demography of Guayaquil (see also items 8800-8803). See also Scrimshaws Bringing the Period Down: Government and Squatter Settlement Confront Induced Abortion in Ecuador, Micro and Macro Levels of A nalysis in A nthropology, edited by Billie R. DeWalt and Pertti J. Pelto (Boulder: Westview Press, 1985), p. 121-146. 8801. Scrimshaw, Susan C.M. Culture, Environment and Family Size: A Study of Urban Immigrants in Guayaquil, Ecuador. 1974. 173 leaves. Thesis (Ph.D.)Columbia University. 8802. Scrimshaw, Susan C.M. Family Formation and First Birth in Ecuador, T he First Child and Family Formation, Warren B. Miller and Lucile F. Newman, editors (Chapel Hill: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1978), p. 108-127. 8803. Scrimshaw, Susan C.M. Fecundidad: actitudes y variantes relativas en los tugurios y suburbios de Guayaquil. Quito: Ministerio de Salud Pblica, 1971. 85 p. 8804. Scrimshaw, Susan C.M. Infant Mortality and Behavior in the Regulation of Family Size, Population and Development Review, 4:3 (Sept. 1978), 383-403. 8805. Seminario Poblacin, Poltica y Desarrollo Humano (1992: Quito, Ecuador). Seminario Poblacin, Poltica y Desarrollo Humano: memorias. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1992. 155 p. 8807. Torres Q., Magdalena. Inmigracin a Quito y Guayaquil: estudio de casos, con la colaboracin de Ernesto Pinto y Mnica Herrera. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1985. 191 p. 8808. Torres Q., Magdalena. Migraciones internas en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1986. 59 p. 8809. Transhumance in the Central Andes, N.R. Stewart [et al.], A nnals of the A ssociation of A merican Geographers, 66:x (Summer 1976), 377-397. A study of Saraguro. 8810. Transicin de la fecundidad en el Ecuador. Quito: Centro de Estudios de Poblacin y Paternidad Responsable, 1991. 97 p. 8811. Tual, Amy. Apuntes sobre dos migraciones de los Saraguros, Revista de antropologa (Cuenca), 6 (jul. 1979), 117-129. Examines migration of Saraguros to the coast and to the Oriente. Finds that Saraguros prefer to migrate to the Oriente, especially in and around Yacuambi and Guadalupe, because the state would issue land titles to them and because they are primarily farmers and ranchers. 8812. Urigen B., Daniel. Algunas consideraciones sobre los datos del censo de 1946, Revista ecuatoriana de higiene y medicina tropical, 4:1/2 (junio 1947), 115-125. A critique of the 1946 census of Guayaquil.

8813. Vivar Castro, Jos Mara. Migraciones internas en el sur del Ecuador, Revista universitaria (Loja), 7:9/10 (1965), 25-34. 8814. Wolfers, David; and Susan C.M. Scrimshaw. Child Survival and Intervals between Pregnancies in Guayaquil, Ecuador, Population Studies, 29:3 (Nov. 1975), 479-496.