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CONTENTS
History of wireless communication system OFDM Evolution and Its Current Status Motivation Single carrier Transmission Scheme Multicarrier Modulation (MCM) Concept of OFDM Cyclic Prefix in OFDM Trans- Receiver Schematic of OFDM system OFDM Applications Distortion in OFDM System i)- Carrier Frequency Offset ii)- PAPR in OFDM System Methods of Cancellation of Inter Carrier Interference Time Frame
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In Dec. 1966, Robert W. Chang presented synthesis of Multi Channel Data Transmission with Real data. In Dec. 1967, B.R. Saltzberg demonstrated the performance of Efficient Parallel Data Transmission with Complex data. In Oct. 1971, S.Weinstein and P.Ebert performed Multi Carrier Transmission by using DFT. In Apr. 1980, A.Peled and A.Ruiz solved the orthogonality by introducing Cyclic Extension. In Jan. 1981, B.Hirosaki introduced an equalization algorithm to mitigate ISI and ICI. In July 1985, L.J.Cimini introduced a Pilot based method to reduce interference. In Feb. 1989, I.Kalet suggested a Sub-Carrier-Selective allocating scheme. In Mar. 2000, L.J Cimini and N.R. Sollenberger presented first PAPR Reduction Technique named as Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS). In Dec. 2011, M. Sabbaghian and Y. Kwak presented the latest PAPR Reduction technique named as Dual BCH Codes technique.
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Motivation
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technology for broadband transmission. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging multi-carrier
modulation scheme, which has been adopted for several wireless standards such as IEEE 802.11a and HiperLAN2.
OFDM is a method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies. OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver. A well-known problem of OFDM is its sensitivity to frequency offset between the
Ts >> Bs << Bc
Ts << Bs >> Bc
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[9]
N-1
[3]
N-1
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y(t) =
by
sub carrier)
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FIG[8]
FIG[8]
Available bandwidth = B Symbol Time T = 1/B sec. Symbol Rate = 1/T = B symbol /sec s(t) = X(k) where kT t (k+1)T
One symbol
| 1/B |
N/B
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Cyclic prefix
Copy L-1 symbols
Cyclic prefix
Circular Convolution
Where 0 k N-1
[10]
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Cyclic prefix
EFFECTS OF CYCLIC PREFIX 1)Loss in system efficiency = (L-1)/(N+L-1) as N 2)Loss in system through put. N ,through put
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[7]216
[11]
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=
Carrier frequency offset Sampling point
FFT coefficient
Case 1st
=0
Case 2st =
+ ICI +
15
=1 or 0 dB
/N
In OFDM system
Saturation Region
[9]
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Dynamic Range
Applications of OFDM
Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) standards using OFDM are: IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802 .11g, IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac Wireless MAN (Wi-Max) standards using OFDM are: IEEE 802.16a, IEEE 802.16e Digital Audio Broadcasting Digital Video Broadcasting Long Term Evolution (LTE) Future Applications: Ultra Wide Band (UWB)
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TIME FRAME
P1 P2 P3
SEMESTER-III
Basics of OFDM system, major problems associated with OFDM system. Inter-Carrier Interference(ICI) Cancellation Methods for OFDM system. Simulation of Inter-Carrier Interference(ICI) Cancellation Methods of OFDM system, FrFT based OFDM system SEMESTER-IV Mathematical analysis of Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) for FrFT OFDM system .
P1 P2 P3
REFERENCES
[1] S. Weinstein and P. Ebert, Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform, IEEE Trans. CommUC., vol. -19, no. 5, pp. 628634, Oct. 1971. [2] Andreas F. Molisch, Martin Toeltsch, and Sameer Vermani, Iterative Methods for Cancellation of Intercarrier Interference in OFDM Systems, August 2008. [3] W.Shieh, H.Bao, and Y. Tang Coherent, Coherent optical OFDM: Theory and Design Vol.16,N0.2/Optics Express 842,21 January 2008. [4] S.Driz, M.Bouziani and J.M.Rouvaen, Inter-carrier Interference cancellation For OFDM system. [5]Stephen B.Weinstein, The History of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing IEEE communication Magazine, November 2009. [6] J.Samuel, A.Emmanuel,I.Frank,N.Charles,A.Bayonle, Modeling of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) for Transmission in Broadband Wireless Communications,2009-2012 CIS Journal,Vol3,No.4,April 2012. [7] Yong soo cho, Jaekwon Km,Won Young Yang, Chung- Gu Kang, MIMO-OFDM Wireless communications with MATLAB. [8] Richard Wan Nee and Ramjee Prasad, OFDM for wireless multimedia communication. [9]Prof. Aditya K. Jagannatham ,Dept. of Electrical Engineering, IIT KanpurLect-01 introduction to 3G-4G Standards NP-TEL. [10] Ramjee Prasad, OFDM for wireless communication system. [11]Nick LaSorte, W.Justin Barnes, Hazem H. Refai, The History of orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing.
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