NURSING 201

FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES

&
ACID-BASE BALANCE
 FLUIDS
 Body temperature
 Transportation
 Metabolism
 Solvent
 Elimination
 Lubricant
 BODY FLUID
TRANSPORT
 DIFFUSION
 OSMOSIS
 FILTRATION
 OSMOTIC PRESSURE
 ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE
 OSMOLARITY OF A
SOLUTION
 ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS

 HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS

 HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS
ELECTROLYTES
 Cations – Positively charged electrolytes
 Sodium
 Potassium
 Calcium
 Magnesium

 Anions- Negatively charged electrolytes

 Chloride
 Phosphorus
 Bicarbonate
MAINTAINING FLUID AND
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
 KIDNEYS

 ADRENAL GLANDS (aldosterone)

 ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

REGULATION OF BODY
FLUIDS

 Thirst
 Insensible fluid loss

(continuous)
 Sensible fluid loss
ASSESSMENT/HISTORY
 Risk factors
 Chronic illness

 Environmental factors

 Medication

 Diet

 Lifestyle
FLUID VOLUME
 DEFICIT
 EXCESS
FLUID VOLUME EXCESS
POTASSIUM IMBALANCES
 POTASSIUM (K)

 Normal VALUE - 3.5-5.1 mEq/L

 HYPOKALEMIA - below 3.5 mEq/L

 HYPERKALEMIA - greater than

5.1 mEq/L
POTASSIUM IMBALANCES
 POTASSIUM (K)

 Normal VALUE - 3.5-5.1 mEq/L

 HYPOKALEMIA - below 3.5 mEq/L

 HYPERKALEMIA - greater than

5.1 mEq/L
SODIUM IMBALANCES
 SODIUM ( NA )
 NORMAL VALUE 135-145

mEq/L
 HYPONATREMIA - less than

135 mEq/L
 HYPERNATREMIA - is greater

than 145 mEq/L

SODIUM IMBALANCES
 SODIUM ( NA )
 NORMAL VALUE 135-145

mEq/L
 HYPONATREMIA - less than

135 mEq/L
 HYPERNATREMIA - is greater

than 145 mEq/L

CALCIUM IMBALANCES
 CALCIUM - NORMALLY 4.5-5.5
mEq/L

 HYPOCALCEMIA - below 4.5 mEq/L

 HYPERCALCEMIA -exceeds 5.5

mEq/L
MAGNESIUM IMBALANCES
 MAGNESIUM-NORMALLY 1.5-2.3
mEq/L

 HYPOMAGNESEMIA-less than 1.5

mEq/L

 HYPERMAGNESEMIA above 2.3

mEq/L
PHOSPHORUS
IMBALANCES
 PHOSPHORUS NORMALLY 1.8-2.6
mEq/L
 HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA LESS THEN
1.8 mEq/L
 HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA ABOVE 2.6
mEq/L