Libro Energia Eolica

EE
Energa Elica
Energas Renovables
EE
Energa Elica
Energas Renovables
01
Energas Renovables
Energa Elica
Copyright (C) 2008
Secretara de Energa
Ttulo Original de la Obra:
Energas Renovables 2008 - Energa Elica
Todos los derechos reservados.
No esta permitida la reproduccin total o parcial de esta obra ni su
tratamiento o transmicin por cualquier medio o metodo sin
autorizacin escrita de la Secretara de Energa
DERECHOS RESERVADOS
Desrrollado por:
Coordinacin de Energas Renovables
Direccin Nacional de Promocin
Subsecretara de Energa Elctrica
02
Edicin, diagramacin y diseo:

Tecnologa de la Informacin
Direccin General de Cooperacin y Asistencia Financiera
Secretara de Energa
Indice
INTRODUCCIN
UN POCO DE HISTORIA
LA TRANSFORMACION DE LA ENERGIA EOLICA
LAS MAQUINAS EOLICAS
Molinos
Aerogeneradores
SOBRE EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA ENERGIA EOLICA
UTILIZACION DE LA ENERGIA ELECTRICA
10
LA ENERG IA EOLICA EN ARG ENTINA
11
PROTOCOLO DE KYOTO - M ECANISMOS DE DESARROLLO LIMPIO
14
LEGISLACION
15
BARRERAS
16
03
Introduccin
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04
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06
00
La transformacin de la energa elica
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@9>BE5E ?5 75?=858 89? F9EI=7=B 5H@9AG5A8B FH 7BA 56=?=858 L CE9FG57=RA# 7BA 9? 5;E9;58B 89 CB89E ?B;E5E HA5
8=F@=AH7=RA 9A 9? 7BAFH@B 89 7B@6HFG=6?9%
10
7 1BE S?G=@B# 9A E9;=BA9F 7BA E97HEFB 9R?=7B 5897H58B# F= F9 7H9AG5 7BA HA5 E98 89 GE5AF@=F=RA 89 5?G5 G9AF=RA#
9F CBF=6?9 9FG56?979E I9E8589E5F T79AGE5?9FU 9?O7GE=75 7BA:BE@585 CBE HA AS@9EB I5E=56?9 C9EB 9A ;9A9E5?
=@CBEG5AG9 89 GHE6=A5F 89 9?9I585 CBG9A7=5 !()& 4 9A 589?5AG9"% -5 9A9E;P5 ;9A9E585 9A 9FG5F =AFG5?57=BA9F#
89AB@=A585F ;E5A>5F B C5EDH9F 9R?=7BF# =A;E9F5 8=E97G5@9AG9 5 ?5 E98%
55
La energa elica en Argentina
2PECLRGL? CQ SL N?ZQ AML J?PE? RP?BGAG[L C[JGA?& <C CQRGK? OSC J? JJ?LSP? N?KNC?L? ASCLR? ?\L FMV AML J?
K?VMP AMLACLRP?AG[L BC KMJGLMQ BC A?KNM BC RMBM CJ KSLBM$ AML K?Q BC ,((&((( CHCKNJ?PCQ CL CUGQRCLAG?&
<G @GYL J?Q NPGKCP?Q KXOSGL?Q BC TGCLRM COSGN?B?Q N?P? ECLCP?P CJCARPGAGB?B ?N?PCAGCPML ? AMKGCLWMQ BCJ QGEJM
N?Q?BM$ J? LMTCB?B BC QS RCALMJMEZ? V QSQ K?VMPCQ AMQRMQ PCJ?RGTMQ PCQSJR?PML @?PPCP?Q GLQ?JT?@JCQ N?P? QS
BGDSQG[L CL SL? YNMA? BMKGL?B? NMP JMQ AMK@SQRG@JCQ D[QGJCQ& 6SC CJ NPGLAGNGM BCJ L BC J? CP? BCJ NCRP[JCM
@?P?RM CL )1/+ JM OSC K?PA[ CJ PCL?ACP BCJ TGCLRM AMKM DSCLRC CLCPEYRGA? TG?@JC& 2ARS?JKCLRC CJ ?JRM EP?BM BC
BCQ?PPMJJM ?JA?LW?BM NMP JMQ ?CPMECLCP?BMPCQ KMBCPLMQ NCPKGRC ?J TGCLRM ?NMPR?P SL NMPACLR?HC PCJCT?LRC BC
J? ECLCP?AG[L CJYARPGA? CL KSAFMQ N?ZQCQ& 5J NPGKCP N?POSC C[JGAM AMKCPAG?J ?PECLRGLM QC GLQR?J[ CL 4MKMBMPM
;GT?B?TG?$ NPMTGLAG? BC 4FS@SR$ CL )11, "-(( I>#&
9SCQRPM N?ZQ$ NGMLCPM CL 7?RGLM?KYPGA?$ BGQNMLC ?ARS?JKCLRC BC )+ N?POSCQ C[JGAMQ JMA?JGW?BMQ CL . NPMTGL%
AG?Q OSC QSK?L SL? NMRCLAG? GLQR?J?B? BC *1$/ 8>$ PCEGQRP?LBM SL GLRCPCQ?LRC D?ARMP BC NJ?LR? KCBGM ACPA?LM
?J +(!$ ?SL AS?LBM JMQ N?POSCQ DSLAGML?LBM CL J? :?R?EMLG? ?JA?LW?L PCESJ?PKCLRC D?ARMPCQ BC SRGJGW?AG[L
KSV QSNCPGMPCQ$ AML T?JMPCQ R?L ?JRMQ AMKM ,(! M K?Q& =?PGMQ BC CQRMQ CKNPCLBGKGCLRMQ F?L APCAGBM ?J
?KN?PM BC JMQ @CLC AGMQ QA?JCQ AMLACBGBMQ NMP CJ ];YEGKCL 9?AGML?J BC J? 5LCPEZ? 5[JGA? V <MJ?P^ GLRPMBSAGBM
NMP J? 7CV *-&()110& 5J K?Q PCNPCQCLR?RGTM CQ QCESP?KCLRC CJ N?POSC C[JGAM ]2LRMLGM 8MPXL^ BC J? <MAGCB?B
4MMNCP?RGT? :MNSJ?P BC 4MKMBMPM ;GT?B?TG?$ OSC AML *, ?CPMECLCP?BMPCQ CL QCPTGAGM$ CQ SLM BC JMQ K?Q
EP?LBCQ BC <SB?KYPGA?&
7?Q NCPQNCARGT?Q BCJ N?ZQ CL K?RCPG? BC CLCPEZ? C[JGA? QML DP?LA?KCLRC ?JCLR?BMP?Q& <C CQRGK? OSC CJ NMRCLAG?J
C[JGAM N?R?E[LGAM ?J QSP BCJ N?P?JCJM ,* CLAGCPP? SL? CLCPEZ? BCACL?Q BC TCACQ K?VMP ?J AMLRCLGBM CL RMB? J?
NPMBSAAG[L ?LS?J ?PECLRGL? BC NCRP[JCM& 8?Q ?\L$ LM QMJM CJ CURPCKM QSP ?PECLRGLM NMQCC AMLBGAGMLCQ
D?TMP?@JCQ N?P? J? GLQR?J?AG[L BC EP?LH?Q C[JGA?Q$ CUGQRCL ?QGKGQKM LSKCPMQ?Q PCEGMLCQ ?NR?Q CL J?Q NPMTGLAG?Q
BC ;ZM 9CEPM V 9CSOSYL$ CL T?PG?Q WML?Q QCPP?L?Q V AMQRCP?Q BC J? NPMTGLAG? BC 3SCLMQ 2GPCQ$ V CL KSAFMQ MRPMQ
QGRGMQ NSLRS?JCQ BC RMBM CJ N?ZQ&
5L CQRC QCLRGBM$ CJ :J?L 9?AGML?J BC 5LCPEZ? 5[JGA? CLAMKCLB?BM NMP CJ 8GLGQRCPGM BC :J?LG A?AG[L 6CBCP?J ?J
4CLRPM ;CEGML?J BC 5LCPEZ? 5[JGA? BCJ 4FS@SR "4;55#$ QGCLR? J?Q @?QCQ N?P? CJ NPGKCP BCQ?PPMJJM L?AGML?J BC
11
..
>FN>J@:=MJ: >F >KL: E:L>JB:$ .D HD:F FG KUDG <GEHJ>F=> D: <GF?><<BUF =>D E:H: >UDB<G F:<BGF:D !B=>:=G H:J:
B=>FLB <:J DGK KBLBGK => >EHD:Q:EB>FLG UHLBEGK" KBFG IM> L:E;BRF HJ>NR D: BFKL:D:<BUF => H:JIM>K <GF MF:
HGL>F<B: KME:=: =>D GJ=>F => DGK (&& 39 >F MF D:HKG <>J<:FG : LJ>K :TGK$ 2: HJBE>J: >L:H: =>D 5D:F >K D:
<GF<J><BUF =>D HJGP><LG W8B>FLGK => D: 5:L:@GFB: 0X# IM> KMHGF> D: <GFKLJM<<BUF => MF H:JIM> => )& : *& 39
>F <>J<:FS:K => D: <BM=:= => -GEG=GJG 6BN:=:NB:# HJGNBF<B: => -AM;ML$ .F KM<>KBN:K >L:H:K K> <GFL>EHD:
BFKL:D:J H:JIM>K KBEBD:J>K >F D:K HJGNBF<B:K => 7:FL: -JMQ# ,M>FGK +BJ>K# 6SG 4>@JG# 4>MIMRF# 2: 6BGC: P 7:F 1M:F$
4:LMJ:DE>FL> D: <GF<J><BUF => >KL: :E;B<BGK: BFB<B:LBN: HD:FL>: FME>JGKGK =>K:?SGK L><FGDU@B<GK# DG@SKLB<GK >
BF=MKLJB:D>K# H>JG BF=M=:;D>E>FL> >D H:SK =BKHGF> => LG=GK DGK J><MJKGK LR<FB<GK P AME:FGK F><>K:JBGK H:J:
:?JGFL:JDGK$ + D:J@G HD:QG# D: KME: => HJGP><LGK HV;DB<GK P HJBN:=GK B=>FLB <:=GK JGF=: :HJGOBE:=:E>FL> DGK
&&& 39$
ENERGIA GENERADA (Valores en MWh)

80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1996
1998
2000
2002
.F>J@S: />F>J:=:
!8:DGJ>K >F 39A%:TG"
12
2004
2006
""
POTENCIA EOLICA INSTALADA POR PROVINCIA

30000
25000
20000
LA PAMPA
SANTA CRUZ
15000
BUENOS AIRES
10000
NEUQUEN
CHUBUT
5000
0
Ao
!.%(*(+0, & )$ !$-$%(&$& #+/0$)$&$
13
22
Protocolo de Kyoto - Mecanismos de Desarrollo Limpio
2G 9MJOJ?JGJ @A 5SJOJ ANO=>GA?A K=M= GJN K=WNAN .IARJ 4$ MA@P?EM AG OJO=G @A NPN AHENEJIAN @A 324 = PI IEQAG
EIBAMEJM AI IJ HAIJN @A +! =G @A (-- AI AG KAMWJ@J @A ?JHKMJHENJ$ ?JHKMAI@E@J AIOMA AG =XJ ), S AG
)()&
9=M= ?PHKGEM ?JI AG HENHJ NA ANO=>GA?EAMJI =@AHUN @A G=N MA@P??EJIAN @A AHENEJIAN @A C=NAN @A ABA?OJ
EIQAMI=@AMJ AI ?=@= K=WN$ S @AG ?JHAM?EJ @A AHENEJIAN$ JOMJN HA?=IENHJN ?JHJ G= .KGE?=?EYI 0JIFPIO= ".0# S
AG 7A?=IENHJ @A 1AN=MMJGGJ 6EHKEJ "716#& ;M=N G= M=OE ?=?EYI KJM K=MOA @A :PNE= AI NAKOEAH>MA @A )* AG
9MJOJ?JGJ @A 5SJOJ NA ?JIQEAMOA AI 6AS EIOAMI=?EJI=G&
2NOA HA?=IENHJ JBMA?A = GJN CJ>EAMIJN S = G=N AHKMAN=N KMEQ=@=N @A GJN K=WNAN EI@PNOME=GET=@JN G= KJNE>EGE@=@
@A OM=INBAMEM OA?IJGJCW=N GEHKE=N = K=WNAN AI @AN=MMJGGJ$ HA@E=IOA EIQAMNEJIAN AI KMJSA?OJN @A MA@P??EYI @A
AHENEJIAN J NPHE@AMJN$ MA?E>EAI@J @A ANO= BJMH= ?AMOE ?=@JN @A AHENEYI LPA NAMQEMUI ?JHJ NPKGAHAIOJ = NPN
MA@P??EJIAN EIOAMI=N&
JIJ LPA NA GGAQ= = ?=>J AI PI K=WN AI @AN=MMJGGJ$ ?JHJ NAM G=
.MCAIOEI=& 6JN KMJSA?OJN 716 CAIAM=I 02:N J /JIJN @A 0=M>JIJ$ LPA KPA@AI NAM ?JHAM?E=GET=@JN AI AG
HAM?=@J @A ?=M>JIJ& ( 02: ALPEQ=GA = ( ;I @A 08) MA@P?E@=&
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I=I?EAMJ$ = O=G KPIOJ LPA NJGJ KPA@A NAM QE=>GA NE ?PAIO= ?JI AGGJN&
14
00
Legislacin
3; 3?P (*,& ?LM;<E?=? ?E W8RACF?G >? @HF?GMH G;=CHG;E I;K; ?E NLH >? @N?GM?L K?GHO;<E?L >? ?G?KAS;
>?LMCG;>; ; E; IKH>N==CUG >? ?G?KAS; ?ER=MKC=; W% 3; E?P >?=E;K; >? CGM?KRL G;=CHG;E E; A?G?K;=CUG >? ?G?KAS;
?ER=MKC=; ; I;KMCK >?E NLH >? @N?GM?L >? ?G?KAS; K?GHO;<E?L =HG >?LMCGH ; E; IK?LM;=CUG >? L?KOC=CH IV<EC=H =HFH
;LS M;F<CRG E; CGO?LMCA;=CUG I;K; ?E >?L;KKHEEH M?=GHEUAC=H P @;<KC=;=CUG >? ?JNCIHL =HG ?L; G;EC>;>%
0LM;<E?=? =HFH H<D?MCOH >?E IK?L?GM? KRACF?G$ EHAK;K E; =HGMKC<N=CUG >? E;L @N?GM?L >? ?G?KAS; K?GHO;<E?L
B;LM; ;E=;GQ;K ?E 6.16 768 .20596 "+!# >?E =HGLNFH >? ?G?KAS; ?ER=MKC=; G;=CHG;E ?G ?E IE;QH >? /20: "&#
;THL ; I;KMCK >? E; IN?LM; ?G OCA?G=C; >?E IK?L?GM? KRACF?G%
3HL <?G? =CHL JN? ?LM;<E?=? E; 3?P LHG NG KRACF?G >? CGO?KLCUG IHK NG I?KCH>H >? & ;THL P NG; K?FNG?K;=CUG
;>C=CHG;E K?LI?=MH >?E IK?=CH >? F?K=;>H >? E; ?G?KAS; L?AVG E;L >CLMCGM;L @N?GM?L IHK NG I?KCH>H >? ) ;THL%
-- 8SH 4;PH
15
%%
Barreras
$+2753 *+ */67/2736 +678*/36 +2)5*36 435 0 &+)5+75< *+ %2+5-< 6+ .2 *+7+)7*3 */67/2736 7/436 *+
(55+56 6357+5 45 0 /140+1+27)/=2 *+ 06 ,8+27+6 *+ +2+5-< 5+239(0+! +275+ +006 )(+2 )/75 06 *+
7/43 7;)2/)3! +)32=1/)3" 22)/+53! 0+-/607/96"5+-80735/6! /267/78)/320+6 : 63)/0+6#
16
www.energia.gov.ar
17
SECRETARIA DE ENERGIA
Av. Paseo Coln 171 Capital Federal - CP (C1063ACB)
Repblica Argentina - Conmutador: 54-11-4349-5000
energia@minplan.gov.ar - http://www.energia.gov.ar

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Edicin, diagramacin y diseo:

LA TRANSFORMACION DE LA ENERGIA EOLICA

LAS MAQUINAS EOLICAS

SOBRE EL APROVECHAMIENTO DE LA ENERGIA EOLICA

UTILIZACION DE LA ENERGIA ELECTRICA

LA ENERG IA EOLICA EN ARG ENTINA

PROTOCOLO DE KYOTO - M ECANISMOS DE DESARROLLO LIMPIO

&( ,4,8.A( ,C20( /(, 8,-,8,40( ( (7;,22(9 :,4525.A(9 > (620*("

27I C7GK?D7I ;TB?97I

Sobre el aprovechamiento de la energa elica

Utilizacin de la energa electrica

ENERGIA GENERADA (Valores en MWh)

POTENCIA EOLICA INSTALADA POR PROVINCIA

!.%(*(+0, & )$ !$-$%(&$& #+/0$)$&$

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