Table B.

6 Room-Temperature Linear Coefcient of Thermal Expansion Values for Various Engineering Materials
Coefcient of Thermal Expansion Material 106 (C )1 METALS AND METAL ALLOYS Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels 11.7 11.7 11.3 12.3 12.3 Stainless Steels 17.2 15.9 10.8 10.2 11.0 Cast Irons Gray irons Grade G1800 Grade G3000 Grade G4000 11.4 11.4 11.4 6.3 6.3 6.3 106 (F )1

Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel

alloy alloy alloy alloy alloy

A36 1020 1040 4140 4340 304 316 405 440A 17-7PH

6.5 6.5 6.3 6.8 6.8 9.6 8.8 6.0 5.7 6.1

Stainless Stainless Stainless Stainless Stainless

alloy alloy alloy alloy alloy

Table B.6 (Continued )

Coefcient of Thermal Expansion Material Ductile irons Grade 60-40-18 Grade 80-55-06 Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy Alloy 1100 2024 6061 7075 356.0 (electrolytic tough pitch) (berylliumcopper) (cartridge brass) (free-cutting brass) (coppernickel, 30%) (bearing bronze) 106 (C )1 11.2 10.6 Aluminum Alloys 23.6 22.9 23.6 23.4 21.5 Copper Alloys 17.0 16.7 19.9 20.5 16.2 18.0 Magnesium Alloys 26.0 26.0 106 (F )1 6.2 5.9 13.1 12.7 13.1 13.0 11.9 9.4 9.3 11.1 11.4 9.0 10.0 14.4 14.4 4.8 5.2 4.8 7.9 5.1 10.9 2.7 3.6 2.5 7.4 7.1 7.7 6.8 0.9 0.40 2.8 16.3 15.1 13.2 13.3 12.718.1 3.3

C11000 C17200 C26000 C36000 C71500 C93200

Alloy AZ31B Alloy AZ91D

Titanium Alloys Commercially pure (ASTM grade 1) 8.6 Alloy Ti-5Al-2.5Sn 9.4 Alloy Ti-6Al-4V 8.6 Gold (commerically pure) Platinum (commercially pure) Silver (commercially pure) Precious Metals 14.2 9.1 19.7

Refractory Metals Molybdenum (commercially pure) 4.9 Tantalum (commercially pure) 6.5 Tungsten (commercially pure) 4.5 Miscellaneous Nonferrous Alloys Nickel 200 13.3 Inconel 625 12.8 Monel 400 13.9 Haynes alloy 25 12.3 Invar 1.6 Super invar 0.72 Kovar 5.1 Chemical lead 29.3 Antimonial lead (6%) 27.2 Tin (commercially pure) 23.8 LeadTin solder (60Sn-40Pb) 24.0 Zinc (commercially pure) 23.032.5 Zirconium, reactor grade 702 5.9

Table B.6 (Continued )

Coefcient of Thermal Expansion Material 106 (C )1 106 (F )1

GRAPHITE, CERAMICS, AND SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS Aluminum oxide 99.9% pure 7.4 4.1 96% 7.4 4.1 90% 7.0 3.9 Concrete 10.013.6 5.67.6 Diamond (natural) 0.111.23 0.060.68 Gallium arsenide 5.9 3.3 Glass, borosilicate (Pyrex) 3.3 1.8 Glass, sodalime 9.0 5.0 Glass ceramic (Pyroceram) 6.5 3.6 Graphite Extruded 2.02.7 1.11.5 Isostatically molded 2.26.0 1.23.3 Silica, fused 0.4 0.22 Silicon 2.5 1.4 Silicon carbide Hot pressed 4.6 2.6 Sintered 4.1 2.3 Silicon nitride Hot pressed 2.7 1.5 Reaction bonded 3.1 1.7 Sintered 3.1 1.7 Zirconia, 3 mol% Y2O3 9.6 5.3 POLYMERS Elastomers Butadiene-acrylonitrile (nitrile) Styrene-butadiene (SBR) Silicone Epoxy Nylon 6,6 Phenolic Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) Polycarbonate (PC) Polyester (thermoset) Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polyethylene Low density (LDPE) High density (HDPE) Ultrahigh molecular weight (UHMWPE) Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene (PS) Polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 235 220 270 81117 144 122 108171 122 100180 7285 180400 106198 234360 117 90162 146180 90150 126216 90180 130 125 150 4565 80 68 6095 68 55100 4047 100220 59110 130200 65 5090 81100 5083 70120 50100

Table B.6 (Continued )

Coefcient of Thermal Expansion Material Aramid (Kevlar 49) Longitudinal direction Transverse direction Carbon (PAN precursor) Standard modulus Longitudinal direction Transverse direction Intermediate modulus Longitudinal direction High modulus Longitudinal direction Transverse direction E Glass COMPOSITE Aramid bers-epoxy matrix (Vf 0.6) Longitudinal direction Transverse direction High modulus carbon bers-epoxy matrix (Vf 0.6) Longitudinal direction Transverse direction E glass bers-epoxy matrix (Vf 0.6) Longitudinal direction Transverse direction Wood Douglas r (12% moisture) Parallel to grain Perpendicular to grain Red oak (12% moisture) Parallel to grain Perpendicular to grain 106 (C )1 FIBER MATERIALS 2.0 60 0.6 10.0 0.6 0.5 7.0 5.0 MATERIALS 4.0 70 0.5 32 6.6 30 2.2 40 0.3 18 3.7 16.7 1.1 33 0.3 5.6 0.3 0.28 3.9 2.8 106 (F )1

3.85.1 25.433.8 4.65.9 30.639.1

2.22.8 14.118.8 2.63.3 17.021.7

Sources: ASM Handbooks, Volumes 1 and 2, Engineered Materials Handbooks, Volumes 1 and 4, Metals Handbook: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th edition, and Advanced Materials & Processes, Vol. 146, No. 4, ASM International, Materials Park, OH; Modern Plastics Encyclopedia 96, The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, NY; R. F. Floral and S. T. Peters, Composite Structures and Technologies, tutorial notes, 1989; and manufacturers technical data sheets.