Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
phenomenon.
10 MAJOR STEPS
I – important
N – novelty – original to avoid plagiarism.
S – significant
3 rights of sample/ pt
1.) Right not to be harmed
2.) Right to self determination – get consent & right to withdraw consent
3.) Right to privacy
a.) anonymity – privacy of identity of informant
b.) confidentiality – name given but privacy of info/ data
Negligence
1.) Commission – unacceptable in standard of practice
2.) Owrission – didn’t do anything. No intervention done.
Mental Harm:
1.) Assault – threatened. Mental fear
2.) Assault & Battery – with mental fear & physical harm
3.) Battery – with physical harm.
Moral harm –
Slander –
Oral defamation –
Libel
A study in the difference in the financial income of Filipinos working in NYC & QC (comparative & basic)
Research
1.) Identity Problem
2.) Purpose – objective (SMART)
3.) Define terms
4.) Revision of terms
S – smart
M – measurable
A – attainable
R – realistic
T – time bound (limit)
Types of Hypothesis:
1. NULL hypothesis (-) no relationship, no difference bet 1 variable to another
ex. There’s no diff regarding prof Opportunities in US & RP
2. Alterative, simple or operational hypothesis – (+) show a relationship bet 1 variable to another
ex. Filipino RNs has more prof opportunities un US
Research Design:
According to application or motive
According to approach
According to data
Research Design
Non experimental
1.) Observe sample subject, Research has
2.) Massive participation
3.) Describe & record
4.) Natural setting – where pop exists
Experimental:
1.) Active manipulation – treatment or intervention done
2.) Active participation to sample pop
3.) Controlled setting – lab research units
Types:
a.) comparative study – similarity & difference of variables
ex. Environmental pollution between variables
Types of sampling
1.) Probability – choose sample by chance
Types of probability Incidental sampling – these present in coffee shop
a.) Simple random sampling – equal chance/ opportunity to be chosen
- done if identical or equal footing
b.) Stratified random sampling – create subdivided population (divide into 4 levels in school) or substrata before
doing randominization
c.) Cluster random sampling – create sub areas MNL hospitals – UST – 3rd floor
d.) Systematic random sampling – sampling frame
3,000 HIV patients in Phil – write list of names appearing in pop uses multiple number in choosing.
3 Major type of Q
a.) Dichotomasis – (2) – answerable by T/F, Y/N, right or wrong
b.) Checklist style – rating scale 1,2,3,4,5 poor, fair, average. . .
c.) Multiple choice – a) man b) dog c) cat d) all of the above
2.) Records – easiest – get pre existing data – journals, essays, documents, newspapers
3.) Interviewer – use oral communication
1.) Structured – with checklist formal
2.) Non structured – anything goes answer open ended questions.
The sample will expand on topic researcher will illicit answers their ACTIVE LISTENING.
4.) observation – ocular approach
a.) Participant – journey
b.) Non-participant – passive observer but uses tools to determine results of data.
LEADERSHIP
Dissemination of Finding/ Core/ Recommendations
Importance of core – conc is final result of study
How can conc affect others – recommendation
LEADERSHIP
S P
T R
1 Y O
L 4 C 2
E group E
Called S
Followers S
Pt has appendicitis. Pain in RLQ who is primarily responsible for patient – Head nurse.
HN can delegate to staff nurse pt died. Head Nurse is liable
Command responsibility – Respondia Superior
Char of nurse if you are defender of patient against harm/ negligence – advocate
Case to case
Adv – can get best person to the job
Disadvantage – there’s no continuity of leadership
Styles of leadership:
1. Autocratic – authoritarian, dictatorial, bureaucratic traditional or “Hard leader”
- Unilateral style of nursing
- Leader is only 1 performing without input from other staff.
- Not getting opinion, recommendations
Char – unilateral from style of staff leadership – leader does decision making without.
A – apathy – not sensitive
B – boisterous speech
C – consistent
Demanding –
E – egoistic
F – ferocious
Not good style in leadership but good in emergency cases. Or during acute crisis.
3. Democratic / Participative
- gets input from members (decision making)
- Mutual participation
- Members makes mistake – member will get notice/ hearing before discipline = due process
A – ability – basis of a leader to unsure / demand task, obligation & resp to his subordinates.
2 types
1. Centralized – top to bottom for proper management of whole hospital
- to problems of whole institution
2. Declaralized – bottom (delegation)
- to manage directly pts or concerns
Pills
Principles in leadership
Veracity – truth don’t give false reassurance
- all med prognosis, dx, sex of baby – given by MD!
3 type of harm
1. Physical – negligence by commission – performed wrong action
negligence by omission – neglect of care
2. Mental – assault – mental threat/ fear
battery – physical harm
3. Moral – slander – verbal
libel – written, published pictures
Tolality – let pt feel like a whole being even if a part is removed.
- offer wigs, bandana – CA pt prosthesis, casts, w/c – amputation
Double effect – if made to choose between 2 evils, choose the one that will have les bad effect. More good effect
Justice of care – priority coz @ pt has unique needs.
Nsg management
Mgt – MAN+ TASK = GOAL (pts)
Theories:
1. Human relations theory – must focus on proper relationship
If needs provided to member (rest day, leave)
Achievement of organization
2. Frederick Taylors scientific mgt theory
4 t’s
Tao – get rt person/ tao
Training
Tool
Tx
3. Douglas McGregor mgt theory -
Theory Y Theory X
Positive worker Negative worker
- efficient - inefficient
diligent negligent
trustworthy non trustworthy
reliable don’t love job
love their job for the money only
= minimal supervision only = increase cases of negligence affecting pts.
= use cozf I d power to discipline workers
SN SN
g.) Respondent supervisor – command responsibility
- let master answer for negligence conduct of subordinate
- liable: both
HN liable for damages – due resp supervisor
SN – negligence - jail
D – directing/ delegating
Co – coordinating
Co – controlling/ eval
Nurse Mgr
RN
Subordinate
Nsg personnel – nurse aid
A – assessment
T – health teaching – when best time start discharge
E – explain proc to pt health teaching – start during admission of pt
P – preparation – computation of dosage
A – adm – give meds or treatment
T – treatment – oral, IV, ID
E – evaluation – nursing care plan
J – judgment – PRN meds – nursing will decide when to five
Evaluation stage – determine whether, plan goal, objective where met or achieved
Types”
1. Nurse rounds – 2 x rounds/ day
- short term plan
Psyche ward – contraindicated nurse rounds in psych ward
2. Checklist – Nurse mgr – evaluates/ rates member
3. Gam H chart – used to evaluate nurses , multiple plan at same time
4. Peer evaluation – co workers – poorest type of eval – cause might be effected by halo effect due to special relationship.
Performance Appraisal – pt or client evaluates most reliable coz --------- or care evaluates.