INTERNATIONAL

MARITIME

ORGANIZATION

4 ALBERT EMBANKMENT LONDON SE 1 7SR Telephone: Telegrams: Telex: Telefax: 0171-7357611 INTERMAR-LONDON 23588 0171-5873210 SE1

MSC/Circ.677
30 December 1994

IMG

Ref. T4/4.03

REVISED STANDARDS FOR THE DESIGN, TESTING AND LOCA TING OF DEVICES TO PREVENT THE PASSAGE OF FLAME INTO CARGO TANKS IN TANKERS

l By resolution A.519(13) the Maritime Safety Committeewas requestedby the 1983 Assembly to finalizethe Standardsfor devicesto preventthe passage flame into cargo tanks,the Committeewas of developingat the time, prior to the coming into force ofthe 1981 SOLAS amendments.
-

2 The Comrnittee, at its forty-ninth session, (2 to 6 April 1984), adopted the standards so developed,which were attachedto MSC/Circ.373. 3 The Comrnitteeagreedthatthe inert gas systemwas to be consideredas equivalentto devicesto prevent the passage flame into cargotanks only if vent outlets on ships fitted with inert gas systems of were at leastfitted with devicesto preventthe passageof flame into cargo tanks, but that thesedevices need not comply with the test requirementfor endurancebuming. The Comrnittee noted that, in the standards,emphasis was laid on compliancewith test specifications rather than on constructiQn.It was then unde1Stood that, in the caseof a tanker fitted with an inert gas system.theprovisionof flashback would suffice and a well-designedand fitted flame screencould meet this criterion. In sununary,if a flame screenmetthe standards,it would be accepted. 4 The Committee, at its fifty-fifth session, (Il to 22 April 1988), adopted amendments the to standards containedin MSC/Circ.373 and disseminatedthem asMSC/Circ.373/Rev.l. 5 The Committee,at its sixty-fourth session,(5 to 9'December1994), recognizingthe necessity to clarify some provisions in the revised standards, adopted further amendmentsthereto, which are incorporatedin the test set out in the annex. 6 Member Governmentsare invited to give effect to the revisedstandardsin conjunctionwith the applicationofregulation 11-2/59 ofthe 1974 SOLAS Convention,as amended.

...

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ANNEX
REVISED STANDARDS FOR TUE DESIGN, TESTING AND LOCA TING OF DEVICES TO PREVENT TUE PASSAGE OF FLAME INTO CARGO TANKS IN TANKERS

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

1.1
.2

Purpose Application

1.3
2

Defmitions STANDARDS
Principles Mechanical DesignStandards PerformanceStandards
~.. Flame Screens

2.1
2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
3

Sizing, location and installationof devices

lYPE TESTPROCEDURES
Principles Testproceduresfor flame arresterslocated at openingsto the atmosphere Test proceduresfor high velocity vents Test rig and testprocedures detonation for flarne arresterslocatedin-line Operationaltestprocedures

3.1 3.2

3.3
3.4

3.5
4

MISCELLANEOUS
Marking of device Laboratory report Manufacturers'instructionmanual

4.
4.2 4.3

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ANNEX
Page 2

INTRODUCTION
1.1

Purpose

The 1981 and the 1983 amendments the International Conventionfor the Safetyof Life at Sea, to 1974 (SOLAS) include revised requirementsfor fire safetymeasures tankers. Regulation 11-2/59of for these amendments contains provisions concerning venting, purging, gas-freeing and ventilation. reguiation11-2/59.1.5 states: "The venting systemshallbe provided with devicesto preventthe passageof flarne into the cargo tanks. The design, testing and locating of these devices shall comply with the requirements established by the Administration which shall contain at least the Standards adopted by the Organization." 1.2 Application

1.2.1 These Standardsare intendedto cover the design, testing, locating and maintenanceof "devices to preventthe passage offlarne into cargotanks" (hereaftercalled "devices")oftankers and combination carriers carrying crude oil and petroleumproductshaving a flashpointof 60C (closed cup) or less,and a Reid vapour pressure below atmospheric pressureand other productshaving a similar fire hazard. 1.2.2 Oil tankers and combination carriers fitted \vith an inert gas system in accordance with regulation 62 should be fitted with devices which comply with these Standards, except that the tests specified~.2.3 and 3.3.3.2 are not required. Suchdevicesare only to be fitted at openingsunlessthey are tested ih accordancewith 3.4. 1.2.3 These Standardsare intended for devicesprotecting cargotanks containing crude oil, petroleum products and flarnmable chemicals. In the caseof the carriage of chemicals,the test media referred to in section3 can be used. However, devices for chemical tankersdedicatedto the carriage of products willi MESG. lessthan 0.9 mm shouldbe tested willi appropriatemedia. 1.2.4 Devicesshould be testedand locatedin accordancewith theseStandards. 1.2.5 Devicesare instaliedto protect: l openings designed to relieve pressure or vacuum caused by thennal variations (reguiationll-2/59 .1.2.1);
.2

openingsdesigned relieve pressureor vacuum during cargo loading, ballasting or during to discharging(regulationII-2/59.1.2.2);

outlets designed for gas-freeing (regulation 11-2/59.2.2.3).

1.2.6 Oevices should not be capableof being bypassedor blocked open unless they are tested in the bypassed blocked open position in accordancewith section3: or

"Reference madeto IEC -Publication 79is

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MSC/Circ.677 ANNEX
Page3

1.3

Definitions

STANDARDS

2.1

Principles

moving flames; and/ar

2

stationaryflarnes from pre-mixedgases

atter ignition of gasesresulting from anycause.

.Pressure/vacuum valvesare devicesto preventthe passage flame when of designedand testedin accordance with theseStandards.

MSC/Circ.677

ANNEX
Page 4

2.1.2 When flammable gasesfrom outlets ignite, the foliowing four situationsmay occur At low gasvelocities,the flame may: l flashback~ or 2 stabilize itself as if the outlet were a bumer.
.2

At high velocities,the flame may bum at a distanceabovethe outlet; or

.2 be blown out.

2.1.3 In order to preventthe passage flarne into a cargotank, devices.must capable of perfonning of be one or more ofthe following functions: l permitting the gasto passthrough passages without flashbackand without ignition of the gases on the protectedside when the deviceis subjectedto heatingfor a specified period; maintaining an effiu.x. velocity in excessof the flame speedfor the gas,irrespective of the geometricconfiguration the device and without the ignition of gaseson the protected side of when the deviceis subjectedto heatingfor a specifiedperiod; and
3

preventingan influx of flame when conditionsof vacuumoccur within the cargo tanks.

2.2

Mechanical design standards

2.2.1 The casing or housing of devicesshould meetsimilar standards strengili. heat resistanceand of corrosionresistance the pipe to which they are attached. as 2.2.2 The design of devicesshould allow for easeof inspectionand removal of internat elementsfor replacement, cleaningor repair. 2.2.3 All flat joints of the housingshould be machinedtrue and should provide for a joint having ah adequatemetal-to-metalcontact. 2.2.4 Flame arrester elements should flt in the housingin sucha way that flame cannotpass betweenthe elementand the housing. 2.2.5 Resilient seals may be instalied only if their designis such that if the seals are partially or completelydamagedor burned, the device is still capableof effectivelypreventingthe passageof flame. 2.2.6 Devices should allow for efficient drainageof moisture without impairing their efficiency to preventthe passage flame. of

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,2

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ANNEX
Page 5

2.2.7 The casing and element and gasket materials should be capable of withstanding the highest pressureand temperatureto which the device maybe exposedunder both nonnal and specified fire test conditions. 2.2.8 End-of-line devicesshould be so constructedas to direct the effiux vertically upwards. 2.2.9 Fasteningsessentialto the operation ofthe device, i.e. screws,etc., should be protected against loosening. 2.2.10 Means should be provided to check that any vaIve lifts easily without remaining in the open position. 2.2.11 Devices in which the flame arresting effect is achievedby the valvefunction and which are not equipped with the flame arresterelements(e.g. high velocity valves) must have a width ofthe contact areaof the valve seatof at least5 mm. to willi 3.5.1 2.2.12 Devices should be resistant corrosion in accordance 2.2.13
carried.

Elements, gasketsand sealsshould be of material resistantto both seawaterand the cargoes

2.2.14 The casing or housing should be capable of passing hydrostaticpressuretest, as required in a

3.5.2.
.~

2.2.15 In-line devices should be able to withstand, without damage or pennanent defonnation, the internatpressureresulting from detonationwhentestedinaccordancewilli section3.4. 2.2.16 A flame arresterelementshould be designedto ensurequality control of manufacture to meet the characteristics ofthe prototypetested, in accordance with theseStandards. 2.3 Perfonnance Standards

2.3.1 Devicesshouldbe testedinaccordance with 3.5 and thereaftershownto meetthe test requirements of3.2 to 3.4, as appropriate. 2.3.2 Performance characteristics,such as the flow rates under both positive and negative pressure, operatingsensitivity, flow resistance and velocity shouldbe demonstrated appropriate tests. by 2.3.3 Devices should be designedand constructedto minimize the effect of fouling under normal operating conditions. Instructions on how to deterrninewhen cleaningis required and the method of cleaningshould be provided for eachdevice in the manufacturers' instructionmanual. 2.3.4 Devices should be capable of operating in freezing conditions (such as may cause blockage by freezing cargo vapours or by icing in bad weather) and if anY device is provided with heating arrangements so that its surface temperature exceeds85C, then it should be tested at the highest operatingtemperature. 2.3.5 Devicesbased upon maintaininga minimum velocityshouldbe capableof opening in sucha way that a velocity of 30 m/s is inunediatelyinitiated, maintainingan effiux velocity of at least 30 m/s at all

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ANNEX
Page6

flow ratesand, whenthe gas flow is interrupted, be capableof closing in such a way that this minimum velocity is maintaineduntil the valve is fully closed. 2.3.6 In the case ofhigh veIocity vents, the possibility of inadvertentdetrimental hammering. leading to damageand/orfaiIure shouldbe considered,willi a view to eliminating it. 2.4

Flamescreens

2.4.1 Flarnescreens shouldbe: l

.2

designedin sucha manner!hat they cannotbe inserted improperly in the opening; securelyfitted in openingsso that flames cannotcircumventthe screen; able to meetthe requirements ofthese standards. For flame screens fitted at vacuum inlets through which vapours cannotbe vented the test specified in 3.2.3 need not be complied with;-and be protectedagainst rnechanicaldamage.

2.5

Sizing, location and installation of devices

2.5.1 For detem1ining sizeof devicesto avoid inadmissiblepressureor vacuurn in cargo tanks during the loading or discharging,calculationsof pressurelossesshould be carried out The foliowing parameters should ~taken into account: l
.2

loading/discharge rates; gasevolution~ pressure10ss acrossdevices,taking into accountthe resistancecoefficient; pressure10ss the vent piping system; in

.3

.5

pressureat which the vent opensif a high velocity valve is used; densityofthe saturated vapour/air mixture~and to compensate possiblefouling of a flame arrester,70% of its rated performance is to for be used in the pressure drop calculation of the installation.

.6

2.5.2 Devices should be located at the outlets to atrnosphereunless tested and approved for in-line installation. Devices for in-line installation may not be fitted at the outlets to atrnosphereunless they have also beentestedandapprovedfor that position.

"Hammering rapid full stroke opening/closing,not intendedby the manufacturerduring normal is operations.
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MSC/Circ.677 ANNEX Page7

2.5.3 End of line devices which are intended for exclusiveuse at openingsof inertedcargo tanksneed not be tested againstendurancebuming as specified in 3.2.3. 2.5.4 Where end-of-line devices are fitted with cowls, weather hoods and deflectors, etc. these attachments should be fitted for the testsdescribed in 3.2. 2.5.5 Where detonation flarne arresters are instaIled, as in-line devices venting to atrnosphere,they should be located at a sufficient distance from the open end of the pipeline so as to preclude the possibilityof a stationary flarne resting on the arrester. 2.5.6 When venting to atmosphereis not performed throughan end-of-line device accordingto 2.5.4, or a detonationflame arresteraccordingto 2.5.5, the in-line devicehas to be specificallytestedwilli the inclusion of all pipes, tees, bends,cowls, weather hoods, etc., which may be fitted betweenthe device and atrnosphere;The testing should consistofthe flashbacktestof3.2.2 and, iffor the given installation it is possible for a stationary flame to rest on the device, the testingsl.Iouldalso include the endurance buming testof3.2-.3. 2.5.7 Meansshouldbe providedto enablepersonnelto reachdevicessituatedmore than 2 m abovedeck to facilitate majntenance,repair and inspection.
3

TYPE TEST PROCEDURES

Principles'

3.1

3.1.1 Testsshould be conducted by a laboratory acceptable the Administration. to 3.1.2 Eachsizeof eachmodel should be submitted for type testing. However, for flame arresters testing may be limited to the smallestand the largestsizes and Olleadditional size in betweento be chosenby the Administration. Devices should have the same dimensionsand most unfavourable clearances expected in the production model. If a test device is modified during the test programme,the testing should be started over again. 3.1.3 Testsdescribedin this sectionusing gasolinevapours(a non-leadedpetroleumdistillate consisting essentially of aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds with a boiling range approximating 6SC/7SC), teclmicalhexane VapoUIE, technical propane,as appropriate,and referred to inthis section,are suitable or for all devices protecting tanks containing a flanunable atmosphere the cargoesreferredto in 1.2.1. of This does not preclude the uge of gasoline vapours or technicalhexanevapours for all testsreferred to in this section. 3.1.4 After the relevant tests, the device should not show mechanicaldamagethat affects its original performance. 3.1.5 Before the teststhe foliowing equipmentas appropriateshould be properlycalibrated: gas concentrationmeters;
.2

thermometers;

flow meters;

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ANNEX
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4
,5

pressuremeters;and time recording devices

3.1.6 The folIowing characteristics should be recorded,asappropriate,throughoutthe tests concentrationof fue! in the gas mixture;
2

temperatureaf the testgasmixture at inflaw af the device;and flow rates of the testgasmixtures whenapplicable.

3.1.7 Flame passage should be observedby recording,e.g., temperature, pressure,or light emissionby suitable sensors an the protectedside of the device; alternatively,flame passagemay be recorded on video tape. 3.2 Test procedures for flame arresters locatedat openingsto the atmosphere

3.2.1 The test rig should consistof an apparatusproducingan explosivemixture, a small tank with a diaphragm, a flanged prototype ofthe flame arrester,a plasticbag-and a firing sourcein three positions (seeappendix1)--. Other test rigs maybe used,providedthe testsreferredto in this sectionare achieved to the satisfactionof the Administration. 3.2.2 A flashback test should be carried out as folIows:

~.

The tank, flame arrestera.~sembly the plastic bag. envelopingthe prototype flame and arrester should be filled so that this volume containsthe most easilyignitable propane/air mixture The concentration the mixture shouldbe verified by appropriatetesting of of the gas composition in the plastic bag. Where devicesreferred to in 2.5.6 are tested,the plastic bag should be fitted at the outletto atmosphere.Three ignition sourcesshould be instalied along the axis of the bag, Ollecloseto the flame arrester,anotheras far away as possible therefrom, and the third at the midpoint between thesetwo. Thesethree sources should be fued in succession, twice in eachof the threepositions. The temperatureof the test gas should be within the rangeof 15Cto 400C. If a flashback occurs,the tank diaphragmwill burst andthis will be audible and visible to the operator by the emissionof a flarne. Flarne,heatand pressuresensorsmay be used as an alternative to a burstingdiaphragm.

.2

The dimensions the plasticbag are dependent thoseof the flarne arrester,but for the flarne of on arresters normally used on tankers,the plastic bag mayhave a circumferenceof 2 m, a length of 2.5 m and a wall thicknessofO.05 m. in orderto avoid remnants ofthe plastic bag from falling "backon to the device beingtestedarter ignition of the fueVair mixture, it maybe useful to mount a coarsewire frame acrossthe device within the plastic bag. The frame shouldbe so constructedas not to interferewith the testresult.

...Referenceis madeto IEC Publication79:\Circ\MSC\677

MSC/Circ.677 ANNEX
Page 9

3.2.3 An endurancebuming test should be carried out, in addition to the flashbacktest, for flarne arrestersat outletswhere flows of explosive vapour are foreseeable: The test rig as referredto in 3.2.1 may be used, without the plasticbag. The flame arrester should be so instalied that the mixture emissionis vertical. In this positionthe mixture should be ignited. Where devices referred to in 2.5.6 are tested,the flame arrester should be so instalied as to reflect its final orientation.
.2

Endurance buming should be achieved by using the most easily igt1itablegasoline vapour/airmixture or the most easilyignitable technicalhexanevapour/airmixture with the aid of a continuouslyoperated pilot flame or a continuouslyoperatedspark igniter at the outlet. The test gas should be introduced upstream of the tank shown in appendix2. Maintaining the concentrationof the mixture as specified above, by varying the flow rate, the flame arrestershould be heated until the highestobtainabletemperatureon the cargo tank side of the arresteris reached, Temperaturesshoul~ be measured,for example,at the protected side of the flame quenching matrix of the arrester(or at the seatof the valve in case of testing high velocity vents according to 3.3). The highestobtainabletemperature may be considered to have been reached when the rate of rise of temperaturedoes not exceed 0.5C per rninuteover a ten-rninuteperiod. This temperatureshouldbe maintained for a period of ten rninutes, arter which the flow should be stopped and the conditions observed. The temperatureofthe test gas should be within the rangeof 15Cto 40C. If no temperaturerise occurs at all: inspectthe arresterfor a more adequate position of the temperature sensor, taking accountofthe visually registeredpositionofthe stabilizedflame during the first testsequence. Positions which require the drilling of smallholesinto fixed parts of the arresterhave to be taken into account. If all this is not successful,affix the temperature sensorat the unprotectedside of the arresterin a positionnearto the stabilized flame. If difficulties afise in establishing stationary temperature conditions (at elevated temperatures),the foliowing criteria should apply: usingthe flow rate which producedthe maximum temperatureduring the foregoing test sequence,enduranceburning should be continued for a period of two hours from the time the above-mentioned flow ratehas been established. After that period the flow should be stopped and the conditionsobserved. Flashback should not occur during this test.

3.2.4 When a pressureor/and vacutUllvalve is integratedto a flarne arrestingdevice,the flashbacktest hasto be perforrned with the pressureor/andvacuum valve blocked open. Ifthere ar no additionalflarne quenching elementsintegratedin a pressurevalve, this valve has to be consideredand testedas a high velocity vent valve accordingto paragraph 3.3. 3.3 Test procedures for high velocity vents

3.3.1 The testrig shouldbe capableof producing the required-volurneflow rate. In appendices and 3, 2 drawings of suitable test rigs are shown. Other test rigs may be used,provided the testsare achievedto the satisfactionof the Administration. 3.3.2 A flow condition test shouldbe carried out with high velocity vents usingcompressed or gas air at agreedflow rates. The folIo wing should be recorded:

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MSC/Circ.677 ANNEX
Page 10

The flow rate. Where air or a gas other than vapoursof cargoeswith which the vent is to be used is employed in the test, the flow rates achievedshould be correctedto reflect the vapour densityof suchcargoes.
,2

The pressurebefore the vent opens. The pressurein the test tank on which the device is located should not rise at a rate greaterthan 0.01 N/rnrn2/rnin. The pressureat which the vent opens The pressureat which the vent closes. The efflux velocity at the outlet which should not be lessthan 30 m/s at anytime whenthe valve is open.

3
.4

3.3.3 The foliowing fire safety testsshould be conducted while adhering to 2.3.6 using a mixture of gasoline vapour and air or technical hexane vapour and air, which produces the most easilyignitable mixture at the point of ignition. This mixture should be ignited willi the aid of a permanentpilot flame or a sparkigniter at the outlet: l Flashbacktests in wluch propane may be used instead of gasoline or hexaneshould be carried out with the vent in the upright position and then inclined at 100 from the vertical. For same vent designsfurther tests with the vent inclined in more than ane direction may be'necessary. eachofthese teststhe flow should be reduceduntil the vent closesand the In -.~ flame is extinguished,and each should be carried out at least50 times. The vacuumside Ol combined valves should be tested in accordancewith 3.2.2 with the vacuum valve maintained in the open position for the duration of this test, in arder to test the efficiency of the device which must be fitted. An endurance burningtest, as described in 3.2.3, shouldbe carried out. FolIowing this test, the main flame should be extinguished and then, willi the pilot flame buming or the spark igniter discharging,small quantities of the most easilyignitable mixture should be allowed to escapefor a period often rninutes maintaininga pressurebelow the valve of90% ofthe valves openingsetting, during which time flashbackshould not occur. For the purposesof this test the sort sealsor seatsshould be removed.

.2

3.4

Test rig and test procedures for detonation flante arresten located in-line

3.4.1 A flame arrester shouldbe installedat Olleend of a pipe of suitable length and ofthe samediameter as the flange of the flame arrester. On the opposed flange a pipe of a length corresponding 10 pipe to diameters shouldbe affixed and be closed by a plastic bag- or diaphragm. The pipe should be fiUed with the most easilyignitable mixture of propane and air, which should then be ignited. The velocity of the flame near the flame arrestershould be measuredand should have a value of that for stabledetonations. 3.4.2 Three detonationtestsshould be conducted and no flashbackshould occur throughthe device and no part of the flame arrestershould be damagedor show permanent deformation.

~e dimensionsshould be at Ieast 4 m circumference.4 m Iengthand a material wall thickness of 0.05 mm.

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MSC/Circ.677

ANNEX
Page Il

3.4.3 A drawing of the test rig is shown in appendix4. Other testrigs may be used provided the tests are achievedto the satisfactionof the Administration. 3.5 Operational test procedures

3.5.1 A corrosion test should be carried out. In this test a complete device, including a section of the pipe to which it is fitted, should be exposed to a 5% sodium chloride solution spray at a temperature of 25 C for a period of 240 hours, and allowed to dry for 48 hours. An equivalent test may be used to the satisfaction of the Administration. Foliowing this test, all movable parts.should operate properly and there should be no corrosion deposits which cannot be washed off.

3.5.2 A hydraulic pressuretest should be carried out in the casing or housing of a sample device, in accordancewilli 2.2.1.
4

MISCELLANEOUS
Marking of device

4.1

Each device should be permanentlymarked, or have a permanentlyfixed tag made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant material,to indicate: manufacturer's name or trade mark;
.2

style, type, model or other manufacturer'sdesignationfor the device~

~

.3

size of the outlet for which the device is approved; approvedlocation for installation,including maximurn ar minimum length af pipe, if any, between device and the atmosphere; the direction of flow throughthe device; indicationof the test laboratoryand report nurnber; and compliancewith the requirements ofMSC/Circ.373/Rev.2.

.4

.5

.6

.7

4.2

Laboratory report

4.2.1 The laboratoryreport should include:

l
.2

detaileddrawings af the device; types of testsconducted. Where in-line devices are tested,this information should include the maximum pressures velocitiesobserved in _the and test~ specificadvice an appravedattachments~ typesof cargo for which the deviceis approved;

.3

.4

:\Circ\MSC\677

MSC/Circ.677

ANNEX
Page 12

5
.6

drawings af the testrig; in the caseof high velocity vent, the pressuresat which the device opensand closes in the effiux velocity; and all the infonnation marked on the device in 4.1

.7

4.3

Manufacturer's instruction manual

4.3.1 The manufacturershould supplya copyofthe instruction manual, which should be kept on board the tanker and which shouldinclude: l
.2

installation instructions;

operatinginstructions;
maintenance requirements, including cleaning (see 2.3.3);

.4

copy ofthe laboratory report referred to in 4.2; and

flow test data,including flow rates under both positive and negative pressures,operating sensitivity,flow resistance velocity, should be provided. and
,.0;:0

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.3

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