Systems of Equations

8th Grade Mathematics

Unit: 8th Grade Math/Algebra Systems of Equations/Simultaneous Equations

The goal of this unit is for students to learn how to solve for two unknown variables. Specifically, they will be working with systems of equations/simultaneous equations which mean they will be finding the values for these variables that satisfy both equations. They will learn how to solve for the values using graphs, the Elimination method, and the Substitution method. They will also cover how to determine if a pair of equations has one, infinitely many, or no solutions. After working with linear equations, students will learn to apply similar methods to solve for two variables with a pair of inequalities. By the end of the unit, students should also be able to apply their knowledge of simultaneous equations to real life situations.

Grade Level Content Expectations

A.FO.08.10 Understand that to solve the equation f(x) = g(x) means to nd all values of x for which the equation is true, e.g., determine whether a given value, or values from a given set, is a solution of an equation (0 is a solution of 3x2+ 2 = 4x + 2, but 1 is not a solution). A.FO.08.11 Solve simultaneous linear equations in two variables by graphing, by substitution, and by linear combination; estimate solutions using graphs; include examples with no solutions and innitely many solutions. A.FO.08.12 Solve linear inequalities in one and two variables, and graph the solution sets. A.FO.08.13 Set up and solve applied problems involving simultaneous linear equations and linear inequalities.

Common Core State Standards

CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.C.8a Understand that solutions to a system of two linear equations in two variables correspond to points of intersection of their graphs, because points of intersection satisfy both equations simultaneously. CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.C.8b Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically, and estimate solutions by graphing the equations. Solve simple cases by inspection. For example, 3x + 2y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 6 have no solution because 3x + 2y cannot simultaneously be 5 and 6. CCSS.Math.Content.8.EE.C.8c Solve real-world and mathematical problems leading to two linear equations in two variables. For example, given coordinates for two pairs of points, determine whether the line through the first pair of points intersects the line through the second pair.

I Can Statements
I can explain what the solution to a system of linear equations is. I can determine the solution to a pair of linear equations by looking at a graph of those equations. I can determine if a system of equations has one, infinitely many, or no solutions. I can find the solution to a system of linear equations using the Elimination method. I can find the solution to a system of linear equations using the Substitution method. I can graph a linear inequality. I can determine the solution to a system of linear inequalities. I can determine the system of linear equations/inequalities in an applied problem and solve for their solution.

Diagnostic Assessment
1. Solve for x in the following equation: 4x 13 = 3

2. When might you need to determine the value of two variables?

3. Identify the slope and y-intercepts in the following equations. y = 4x -3 slope:

y-intercept:

y = -2x+1 slope:

y-intercept:

4. Graph the equations from problem 3 on the same set of axis.

5. What do you notice about the graphs?

6. What x and y values do these equations share?

7. What do the x and y values mean?

8. How might you find these values without looking at a graph?

9. Try and determine the shared value for the following equations without graphing. y = 2x + 3 3x + 4y = 2

10. Solve for y in the following inequality: -4y < 12

11. Graph the inequality y 2x -1.

The Test
Selected Response Assessment
Multiple Choice Select the best answer. 1. The solution to a system of equations is __________. a. the y-intercepts b. the x- and y-values that satisfy both equations at the same time c. the y-values shared by the equations d. the slope of the equations

2. Find the solution to the system of equations represented by the graph.

a. (-2, 5) b. (5, -2) c. (5, 2) d. No solution.

3. Find the solution to the system of equations: y = 7x + 6, 3y = 21x + 18 a. y = -6, x = 7 b. y = 6, x = -6/7 c. no solution. d. Infinitely many solutions.

True or False. 1. Using the elimination method will get the same solution as the substitution method.

2. The system of equations

has infinitely many solutions. Prompt Consider the following story problem for the next two questions. George needs to make a rectangular pen for his dog to run around in. The perimeter of his pen needs to be 24 feet. George also wants to make sure the length of his pen is three less than twice the width.

1. What are the equations for this system? a.

b.

c.

d.

2. What are the dimensions of Georges pen? a. b. c. d.

Fill in the blanks. 1. When the equations have ______________________________________ there are no solutions.

2. When the equations have ______________________________________ there are infinitely many solutions.

3. When the equations have ______________________________________ there is one solution.

Word Bank the same slope and the same y-intercepts different slopes the same slope and different y-intercepts

Matching.

1. The first step in the ____________ method is to multiply to make opposites. 2. The first step in the ____________ method is to solve for one variable in terms of the other. 3. The solution to a system of equations will be the ____________ of the graphs. 4. Systems of equations have no solutions when the lines are ____________. 5. Systems of equations have infinitely many solutions when the lines are ____________.

A. parallel B. intersection C. elimination D. the same E. substitution

Extended Written Response

Purpose The questions below will be given in the form of a quiz. They will be a part of a formative assessment to determine if the students need more time practicing the various methods of solving a system of equations or if they are ready to move on to systems of inequalities. The graded quizzes will inform both students and educators of any misconceptions before the students are required to do the summative assessment at the end of the unit.

Learning Targets

Learning Target I understand and can explain what the solution to a system of linear equations is in general and in a context, and I know the different methods of solving a system of equations.

Knowledge 1, 2

Reasoning 1, 7

I can determine if a system of equations has one, infinitely many, or no solutions. I can find the solution to a system of linear equations using the Elimination method and explain what it means.

5, 6

I can find the solution to a system of linear equations using the Substitution method and explain what it means. I can determine the system of linear equations in an applied problem and solve for their solution.

4, 6

6, 7

6, 7

Objective For the past couple of weeks, we have been covering systems of equations and the various methods of solving for their solutions. We are going to take a quiz that will tell us whether or not you understand solutions to systems of equations and can apply the various methods for solving to different types of problems. Your [the students] scores will let me [the instructor] know if we need to go back and discuss certain topics again, or if we can move on to the next section of our unit.

Directions This quiz is made of seven (7) questions. After each question is a label for the number of points they are worth. For each question, you need to provide an extended written response. This means you must clearly explain all of your answers and show all your work. Please read the directions for each problem carefully and remember that I am looking for your reasoning and understanding, not just a right answer. You will have the rest of the class period to work on this quiz. If you have any questions, please raise your hand or skip the problem and come back to it. When you have finished, please bring your quiz up and place it in a neat pile on my desk. Then, return to your seat and use the remaining time to work on homework or read silently.

NAME: _____________________________ DATE: _______________________ HOUR: __________

1. Stand-alone: What does it mean for an ordered pair to be the solution to a system of equations? (2 points)

2. Stand-alone: List the three methods of solving a system of equations that we have discussed in class. (3 points)

a.

b.

c. Construct/Create: Create a system of equations and explain how you know that
(2 points each/6 points total) [HINT: There are two (2) parts of each equation that need to be addressed!]

3.

a) the system has one solution.

b) the system has no solutions.

c) the system has infinitely many solutions.

4. Stand-alone: Solve the following system of equations using substitution. Show all your work! (4 points)

5. Stand-alone: Solve the following system of equations using elimination. Show all your work! (4 points)

6. Scenario: You have decided to start a lawn mowing business in your neighborhood. Your lawn mower cost you $100 and it will cost you $5 in gas for each lawn you cut. You decide to charge $10 to mow someones lawn. Explain why you wont start earning money right away. (2 points)

How many lawns do you need to cut before you start earning money? Show your work! (6 points)

7. Prompt: Two classmates got together over the weekend to do their assigned History reading. The graph below depicts how the students, Kathleen and Bruce, spent their time

reading. Use the graph to answer the following questions. (6 points total)

a. How many pages had each student read before getting together? (2 point)

b. How long did it take Bruce to catch up to Kathleen? (2 point)

c. How many pages had they read at that point? (2 point)

EWRA Rubric
1. Stand-alone: What does it mean for an ordered pair to be the solution to a system of equations? (2 points) Criteria Explanation 0 None 1 Something written, but not very clear. Scales 2 Clear explanation including how the ordered pair relates to BOTH equations/lines.

Total Points: ___/2

2. Stand-alone: List the three methods of solving a system of equations that we have discussed in class. (3 points) Criteria Methods 0 None listed 1 One correct method listed Scales 2 Two correct methods listed 3 All three methods listed

Total Points: ___/3

3. Construct/Create: Create a system of equations and explain how you know that (2 points each/6 points total) Criteria they have one solution 0 Nothing written or the answer is incorrect 0 Nothing written or the answer is incorrect 0 Nothing written or the answer is incorrect 1 One important characteristic is missing or incorrect 1 One important characteristic is missing or incorrect 1 One important characteristic is missing or incorrect Scales 2 Both characteristics of the lines are addressed and accurate. 2 Both characteristics of the lines are addressed and accurate. 2 Both characteristics of the lines are addressed and accurate.

they have no solutions

they have infinitely many solutions

Total Points: ___/6

4. Stand-alone: Solve the following system of equations using substitution. Show all your work! (4 points) Criteria Substitution 0 Nothing done 1 Substitution performed correctly, but work is missing or not shown. OR Substitution is done incorrectly, but the work that follows is accurate based on the substitution done. 1 Only one variable solved correctly Scales 2 Substitution performed correctly. Each step of student work is visible. 2 Both x and y accurate

Correct Answer

0 None or incorrect

Total Points: ___/4

5. Stand-alone: Solve the following system of equations using elimination. Show all your work! (4 points) ,

Criteria Elimination 0 Nothing done 1

Scales 2 Multiplied and aligned properly. (Set up depends on student choice) Each step of student work is visible. 2 Both x and y accurate

Elimination performed correctly, but work is missing or not shown. OR Elimination is done incorrectly, but the work that follows is accurate based on the substitution done. 1 Only one variable solved correctly

Correct Answer

0 None or incorrect

Total Points: ___/4

6. Scenario: You have decided to start a lawn mowing business in your neighborhood. Your lawn mower cost you $100 and it will cost you $5 in gas for each lawn you cut. You decide to charge $10 to mow someones lawn. Explain why you wont start earning money right away. (2 points) How many lawns do you need to cut before you start earning money? Show your work! (6 points)

Part 1 Criteria Explanation 0 Nothing written 1 Something written, but information is not clear. Scales 2 Explanation is clear and relates to the idea of a system of equations.

Total points: ___/2

Part 2 Criteria Equations 0 Nothing written or both equations incorrect Elimination/ Substitution and work is shown 0 Nothing done Scales 1 Equations written, but one is incorrect 1 Chosen method is performed correctly, but work is missing or not shown. OR Chosen method is done incorrectly, but the work that follows is accurate based on the substitution done. 1 Only one variable solved correctly 2 Equations written clearly and both are correct. 2 Chosen method is performed correctly. Each step of student work is visible.

Correct Numbers

0 None or incorrect

2 Both x and y accurate

Total points: ___/6

7. Prompt: Two classmates got together over the weekend to do their assigned History reading. The graph below depicts how the students, Kathleen and Bruce, spent their time reading. Use the graph to answer the following questions. (6 points total) a. How many pages had each student read before getting together? (2 point) b. How long did it take Bruce to catch up to Kathleen? (2 point) c. How many pages had they read at that point? (2 point)

Criteria Number of pages 0 Nothing written or the answer is incorrect. 0 Nothing written or the 1

Scales 2 Answer/number is labeled and placed back into the context of the problem. 2 Answer/number is labeled and

Numbers written are not labeled or clear. 1 Numbers written are not

Amount of time

answer is incorrect. The number of pages 0 Nothing written or the answer is incorrect.

labeled or clear. 1 Numbers written are not labeled or clear.

placed back into the context of the problem. 2 Answer/number is labeled and placed back into the context of the problem.

Total points: ___/6

Total points: ______/33