Cylinderslinear actuators

Linear actuators which convert hydraulic power into mechanical power.Cylinders used in presses are called as rams.They are also called as jacks( where?) Hydraulic cylinders are used at large pressures and produce large forces and precise movements.

Cylinders.
Hence they need strong materials of construction viz.steel and designed to withstand large forces. Gas is dangerous at pressures therefore it is used only at 10 bar or so.Hence material of construction of pneumatic cylinders can be Aluminium or even brass.Precise control of pneumatics is difficult because of its ( air or gas) compressibility but fast response to input.

Cylinders
F=pxA units SI( but practiaclly we understand bar or psi)

Cylinders
Piston side force =pA,A-cylinder bore Rod side force=p(Annular Area)=? Force acting on the load is less because of friction between the seals and the piston and piston rod.

Speed of the cyclinders

Q= Av-piston side Q=(A-a)v-rod side Which velcoity is faster? Extension or retraction-why? For air Q varies with pressure( air is compressed)=> what does happen to the velocity with variation in pressure.

Power
Mechanical power= Fxv-Nm/s= units? Types of cylinders: a) Single acting cylinders: Only one port pressure will be there

Cylinders.

Cylinders
Single acting cylinders are powered only in one direction and they have to be brought back by a mechanical force(external load)=> jacks or hoist.No hydraulic fluid is present in the low pressure side.

Double rod cylindersspecial

Double rod special

Design is such that it allows equal force and speed in both directions=how?It is useful in robotic mechanisms where the rod is clamped at both ends and the body moves instead.

Telescopic cylinders.
Long strokes from a initial short length-how? Each section slides inside a larger section Such cylinders have 2- 5 stages.They are used in refuse lorries for ejecting the compact refuse.Also used in lifts,tipping platforms,masts and towers for supporting antennas( military),lifting platforms,forklifts for vertical storage

Telescopic cylinders

Cylinder parts

Symbols

Cylinders
Designed normally for buckling.Cylinder manufacturer gives you the info from which you find out the load under which the cylinder buckles provided the cylinder is a std cylinder.

Cylinders

Cylinders