Cut along dotted line and then fold and staple to create the flashcard.

Start small and then add some in to the mix and repeat.

What does DNA stand for?

DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid

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What is mRNA?

Messenger RNA (ribose nucleic Acid)

Nucleotides in DNA consist of these 3 parts

Phosphate backbone A 5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose) A nitrogen base attached to the sugar (A-T) (C-G) A is for adenine T is for thymine ---------------------- C is for cytosine G is for guanine When one cell divides into two Exact copy of the cells genetic material is made.

These are the four nitrogen bases (A-T) (C-G)

What is Mitosis?

INTERPHASE

Most of cell cycle (90%) Cell grows and develops (gets bigger) Chromosomes not visible Nucleus intact DNA is copied Chromatin draws together to create chromosomes Spindle fibers form Nuclear Membrane Breaks down.

PROPHASE

PROMETAPHASE

Spindle fibers and microtubules attach to chromosome at centromere. Spindle Fibers bring chromosomes toward the equator (middle) of cell. Chromosomes are paired

Name some parts of a chromosome

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up on equator

Anaphase

Chromosomes get split at centromere The two identical copies get pulled apart

Telophase

Chromosomes reach poles. Nuclear membrane begins to form. Cleavage furrow forms pinching cell into two. Chromosomes begin to unwrap. Cancer is: Uncontrolled, unregulated cell growth and reproduction. Mitosis out of control. Cell division that produces reproductive cells.

What is Cancer?

What is Meiosis?

Meiosis has two cell divisions which create a reduction in the amount of genetic material Results in half the number of chromosomes .

Meiosis has two cell divisions which create a reduction in the amount of genetic material Results in half the number of chromosomes .

Crossing-Over

Genetic segments of information are swapped when the chromosomes are next to each other (random and creates millions of possibilities)

Gregor Mendel

Gregor Mendel: He counted his results and kept statistical notes about pea plants and is known as the father of modern genetics.

Traits

These are different characteristics

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Purebred

An organism that always produces offspring with the same trait as the parent. This is the name for an organisms physical appearance.

Phenotype

Genotype

This is the name for an organisms genetic make-up, or allele combinations.

Sexual Reproduction

This is when the female contributes one factor, while the male contributes the other factor. These are factors that control traits.

Genes

Alleles

These are the different forms of gene.

Recessive Allele

This is covered up when the dominant allele is with it.

Hybrid Punnett Square

This has two different alleles.

This is a diagram that is used to predict the outcome of a particular cross.

Probability

This is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.

Has two identical alleles TT or tt

Homozygous

Heterozygous

Has two different alleles Tt

Codominance

A relationship among alleles where both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the heterozygote.

Cloning

A method of reproduction used to copy a cell or an individual from their DNA. Cells that have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body.

Stem Cells

Bio-Ethics

The study of ethical issues raised by the developments in life science technologies.