Structural Drawings

Chapter 23

Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Motivation
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Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Structures
Structural engineering is generally associated with commercial steel and concrete buildings, and in some situations, it is also used for the structural design of residential buildings

Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Introduction
Structural drafting techniques are generally the same as mechanical drafting; usually they are a combination of mechanical and architectural methods used Differences develop due to raw materials used, methods of fabrication, & standards.
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Structural Shapes
I beam Tee Channels Angle Plates

Refer to figure 23.1 of Aided Drawing Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer textbook

Lines used in structural drafting are generally the same as those used in mechanical drafting

Line work

Lines may heavier or thinner than normal depending on the emphasis & size of the drawing Dimension lines may be drawn with a space for the numeral or the numeral may be placed above the dimension line Dimension lines may be capped with arrowheads, slashes, or dots

Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Lettering
Structural lettering is generally slanted gothic style and freer in style than mechanical lettering Lettering heights:
All lettering, except titles: 1/8 to 5/32 (34mm) Titles: 3/16 to (5-6 mm)
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Coordination of Working Drawings The structural drawings are a portion of a complete set of working drawings A page numbering system is used in order to organization each type of drawing on a commercial project (AIA Handbook of Professional Practices) The structural drawings can have a series of sheets that are numbered such as: S1.1, S1.2 S2.1, S2.2, S2.3 S3.1,S3.2, S3.3 etc.
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Example of how drawing elements are coordinated between pages of drawings.

Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Laying out Details & Sections

Details & sections may be placed with the drawing where they relate or placed on a separate sheet. All Details should be grouped together and organized from left to right, & laid out in sequential order on the drawing sheet. Sections are laid out in the same manner with labels in alphabetical order.
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Concrete is a mixture of Portland cement, sand, gravel, and water.

Concrete Construction

Concrete is the fundamental material for foundations Concrete is used in commercial sites for wall and floor systems Concrete can be poured or pre-formed into structural shapes
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Concrete alone has excellent compression qualities but add steel and the tension properties improve to make it stronger

Steel Reinforcing of Concrete

Reinforced Concrete: Concrete poured around steel bars placed in the forms Rebar: The steel bars The most common steel reinforcing is plane and deformed, in round or square bars
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Types of Concrete Construction Poured-in-place concrete Pre-cast Concrete Tilt-up Pre-cast Concrete Concrete Block Construction

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Concrete Structural Drawings

Concrete material symbols are used where appropriate Rebar is shown as a very thick line or a thick dashed line in the longitudinal view and a round dot where the rebar appears cut When drawing concrete block structures details of the steel reinforcing patterns are shown
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Steel
Three Categories:
Steel Studs Prefabricated Steel Structures Steel-framed Structures

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The structural system is made up of the frame that support the walls and roof

Structural Systems

Wall System Horizontal Girts attached to the vertical structure and metal wall sheets attached to the girts. Roof System Horizontal Purlins attached to the structure and metal sheets attached to the Purlins.
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Common Structural Steel Materials

Plates Flat pieces of steel of various thickness used at the intersection of different members. Bars Used as supports or braces for other steel parts or connectors Structural Shapes Available in several different manufactured shapes
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Structural steel materials are specified by shape designation, flange width, and weight in pounds per linear foot

Structural Steel Callouts

For Example: W 24 x 120

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Structural Steel Shapes

W wide flange shapes S American Std. Beam M Misc. beam & column shape C American Std. Channels MC Misc. channel shapes WT Structural tees cut from W shapes

ST structural tees cut from S shapes MT structural tees cut from M shapes T structural tees Z zee shapes HP steel H piling
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Mustafa Pasha MTS 242 Computer Aided Drawing

Shop Drawings
Shop drawings are used to break each individual component of a structural engineering drawing down into fabrication parts Also referred to as Fabrication Drawings

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Common Connection Methods

Bolting Nails Welding

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Components in a Set of Structural Drawings

Floor Plan Foundation Plan and Details Concrete Slab Plan and Details Roof Framing Plan and Details Roof Drainage Plan Building Sections Exterior Elevations, Panel Plan, and Wall Details Drawing Revisions
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Layouts & Drawings

http://www.chemionix.com/2d_drawings.html

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Example of Structural Drawings. http://www.hi-spec-uk.com/eng/page1.htm