Started on Completed on Time taken Marks Grade

Wednesday, 6 April 2011, 09:59 PM Wednesday, 6 April 2011, 10:00 PM 43 secs 28/31 9.03 out of a maximum of 10 (90%)

Question1
Marks: 1

Calculate G (in kJ) at 298 K for the following reaction: 2H2O(g) +2Cl2(g) 4HCl(g) + O2(g) Use the data in Appendix II (Tro); Appendix 4 (Zumdahl) Answer:
76

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question2
Marks: 1

Is the above reaction under standard conditions spontaneous in the forward direction? Choose one answer.
a. YES, because G is negative. b. YES, because G is positive. c. NO, because G is negative. d. NO, because G is positive.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question3

Marks: 1

Calculate H (in kJ) for the following reaction at 298 K: 2CO2(g) +4H2O(l) 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) Use the data in Appendix II (Tro); Appendix 4 (Zumdahl) Answer:
1453

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question4
Marks: 1

Calculate S (in J/K) at 298 K for : 2CO2(g) +4H2O(l) 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) Use the data in Appendix II (Tro); Appendix 4 (Zumdahl) Answer:
161.6

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question5
Marks: 1

Use G =H -TS to calculate G (in kJ) at 298 K for : 2CO2(g) +4H2O(l) 2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) Answer:
1404.8432

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question6
Marks: 1

If the above reaction could be done at 3813 K, what would be your estimate for G (in kJ) at this elevated temperature? Use G =H -TS and assume H and S are

independent of temperature. (The is included because it is still for standard conditions, that is, 1 atm for gases and 1 molar for concentrations.) Answer:
836.819

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question7
Marks: 1

Is the above reaction spontaneous in the forward direction at either of the temperatures? (Pick 2 answers.) Choose at least one answer.
a. YES, because G is negative. b. NO, because G is negative. c. YES, because G is positive. d. NO, because G is positive. e. Because H is very large and positive (strongly endothermic reaction). f. Because H is very large and negative (strongly exothermic reaction). g. Because the entropy term is more important at these temperatures.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question8
Marks: 1

What is Grxno (in kJ) at 2893 K for the following reaction? 2POCl3(g) 2PCl3(g) + O2(g) POCl3(g): Hfo = -592.7 kJ/mol and S = 324.6 J/K mol) PCl3(g): Hfo = -287.0 kJ/mol and S = 311.7 J/K mol) O2(g): Hfo = ? kJ/mol and S = 205.0 J/K mol) Hint given in feedback.

Answer:
281.5

Find H and S. G =H -TS. Incorrect Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question9
Marks: 1

At what temperature (in K) does the above reaction become spontaneous? Hint given in feedback. Answer:
3411.830357

Use G =H -TS. The temperature at which G = 0 is the key. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question10
Marks: 1

The above reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction (Pick 2) Choose at least one answer.
a. above the temperature found in the last question b. below the temperature found in the last question c. because the reaction is endothermic and S is positive. (In this case S is more important at higher temperatures or equivalently H is less important.) d. becuase the reaction is exothermic and S is negative. (In this case S is less important at lower temperatures or equivalently H is more important.)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question11
Marks: 1

What is Go (in kJ) at 428 K for the following reaction? PbO(g) + CO2(g) PbCO3(s)

PbO: Hfo = -219.0 kJ/mol and So = 66.5 J/K mol) PbCO3(s): Hfo = -699.1 kJ/mol and So = 131.0 J/K mol) CO2: Hfo = -393.5 kJ/mol and So = 213.6 J/K mol) Answer:
-42.14

Incorrect Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question12
Marks: 1

At what temperature (in K) does the above reaction become spontaneous? Answer:
580.8182428

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question13
Marks: 1

The above reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction (Pick 2) Choose at least one answer.
a. above the temperature found in the last question b. below the temperature found in the last question c. because the reaction is endothermic and S is positive. (In this case S is more important at higher temperatures or equivalently H is less important.) d. becuase the reaction is exothermic and S is negative. (In this case S is less important at lower temperatures or equivalently H is more important.)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question14
Marks: 1

What is Go (in kJ) at 50 C for the phase change of nitromethane from the liquid to the gaseous state?

CH3NO2(l) CH3NO2(g) CH3NO2(l): Ho = -113.1 kJ/mol and So = 171.8 J/K mol) CH3NO2(g): Ho = -74.7 kJ/mol and So = 274.4 J/K mol) Hint given in feedback. Answer:
2.49

Find H and S for the phase change. G =H -TS. In calculating G it does not matter what kind of process it is--reaction or phase change. Incorrect Marks for this submission: 0/1.

Question15
Marks: 1

Which state is more stable for nitromethane at the temperature in the previous question? Choose one answer.
a. Liquid b. Gas

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question16
Marks: 1

What is the boiling point of nitromethane (in C)? Answer:

101.2690058

Hint, find using K and convert to C. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question17
Marks: 1

At 298 K, Go = - 6.36 kJ for the reaction: 2N2O(g) + 3O2(g) 2N2O4(g)

Calculate G (in kJ) at 298 K when PN2O = 5.71 atm, PO2 = 0.0064 atm, and PN2O4= 0.408 atm. Help given in feedback. Answer:
18.1

Hint, first find Q. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question18
Marks: 1

Under the conditions in the previous question, in which direction is the reaction spontaneous? Choose one answer.
a. to the left (more reactant) b. to the rignt (more product)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question19
Marks: 1

At 298 K, Go = + 8.68 kJ for the reaction: ZnF2(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2F-(aq) Under standard conditions what is the spontaneous direction (Recall, the o after G means standard conditions, that is, some solid ZnF2, 1 molar concentrations for Zn2+(aq) and F(aq), and 298 K if no other temperature is specified.) Choose one answer.
a. to the left (more precipitate forms) b. to the right (more solid dissolves)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question20

Marks: 1

Calculate G (in kJ) at 298 K for some solid ZnF2, 0.024 M Zn2+ and 0.017 M F-(aq). Hint given in feedback. Answer:
-20.75

Hint, first find Q. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question21
Marks: 1

Under the conditions of the previous question what is the spontaneous direction? Choose one answer.
a. to the left (more precipitate forms) b. to the right (more solid dissolves)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question22
Marks: 1

Endothermic reaction; decrease in entropy: Calculate the equilibrium constant at 34 K for a reaction with Ho = 10 kJ and So = (-100) J/K. (Don't round unil the end. Using the exponent enlarges any round-off error.) Hint given in feedback. Answer:
2.6e-21

Hint, first calculate Go at {T} K. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question23
Marks: 1

Calculate the equilibrium constant at 114 K for the thermodynamic data in the previous question. Notice that Keq is larger at the larger temperature for an endothermic reaction.

Answer:
1.7e-10

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question24
Marks: 1

Endothermic reaction; increase in entropy Calculate the equilibrium constant at 35 K for a reaction with Ho = 10 kJ and So = 100 J/K. Answer:
1.99e-10

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question25
Marks: 1

Calculate the equilibrium constant at 122 K for the thermodynamic data in the previous question. Notice that Keq is dramatically larger for a larger temperature when there is a substantial positive increase in entropy. Answer:
8.75

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question26
Marks: 1

Warm-up question Using data from the Appendix, calculate Go (in kJ) at 65 oC for the reaction: N2O(1 atm) + H2(1 atm) N2(1 atm) +H2O(l) (Recall, all gases at 1 atm for standard conditions) Answer:
-337.2842

Correct

Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question27
Marks: 1

Calculate G (in kJ) at 65 oC for the reaction: N2O(0.0020 atm) + H2(0.50 atm) N2(586.9 atm) +H2O(l) Answer:
-305.7786194

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question28
Marks: 1

Assume that the Ho and So of vaporization do not change significantly with temperature. Calculate the vapor pressure of CH3OH at 43oC (in atm). CH3OH (l) CH3OH(g) . . . Ho = 38.0 kJ and So = 112.9 J/K (Don't round unil the end. Using the exponent enlarges any round-off error.) Hint given in feedback. Answer:
.413

Hint,what is the relationship between Keq and the vapor pressure. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question29
Marks: 1

Calculate the vapor pressure of Hg at 42 oC (in atm). Hg(l) Hg(g) . . . Ho = 61.32 kJ and So = 98.83 J/K Answer:
9.8588e-6

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question30
Marks: 1

Cyclopropane is a hydrocarbon that contains a ring of three carbon atoms with two hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon (see below). (a) What are the steric number and the orbital hybridization for the carbon atoms? (b) What is the expected CCC bond angle? The actual bond angle is 60. (c) Consequently, do you expect this bond to be under a lot of stress? (d) What does this imply about the expected CC bond strength?

Choose at least one answer.

a. (a) SN =2, orbital hybridization = sp b. (a) SN =3, orbital hybridization = sp2 c. (a) SN =4, orbital hybridization = sp3 d. (b) 109.5 e. (b) 120 f. (b) 180 g. (c) YES--stress h. (c) NO--stress i. (d) Expected C-C bond strengh < 347 kJ/mol j. (d) Expected C-C bond strengh = 347 kJ/mol k. (d) Expected C-C bond strengh > 347 kJ/mol

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question31
Marks: 1

Calculate the average CC bond strength in cyclopropane (in kJ/mol). Its combustion and the experimental enthalpy of reaction are: C3H6(g) + 4.5O2(g) 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) Hrxn = -1,957.7 kJ/mol Since all reactants and products are in the gaseous state, bond energies may be used to estimate the enthalpy of reaction. Do not use the standard CC bond strength, leave the CC bond strength as an unknown and solve for its value. For review see chapter 9 p. 392 (Tro) or chapter 13 p. 608 (Zumdahl).

Answer:
298.67

Correct
Started on Completed on Time taken Marks Grade Saturday, 2 April 2011, 09:49 PM Saturday, 2 April 2011, 09:50 PM 29 secs 24/24 7 out of a maximum of 7 (100%)

Question1
Marks: 1

Which of the following processes is NOT spontaneous? Examples of spontaneous processes

Choose one answer.

a. A smoker's smokes gathers around the smoker. b. A woman enters a room. Shortly thereafter her perfume can be smelled by those on the other side of the room. c. Leaves decay. d. A lighted match burns. e. Water evaporates from an open container on a dry day (low humidity).

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question2
Marks: 1

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

Spontaneous processes and change in energy

Choose one answer.

a. A system tends to seek a minimum in energy. For reactions this means that exothermic reactions tend to be spontaneous. b. Water fills a glass from the bottom up because this gives the lowest potential energy. c. Dynamite exploding is an example of an exothermic reaction. d. Ice forming during a reaction on a warm day is an example of an exothermic reaction. e. Two solutions are combined and vigorous boiling ensues is an example of an exothermic reaction.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question3
Marks: 1

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Spontaneous processes and change in entropy Enthalpy versus entropy Choose one answer.
a. The more ordered a system, the greater its entropy. b. Perfume molecules spread throughout the room is more random or disordered than having them confined to a small portion of the room. c. The entropy of the perfume molecules is larger when they are spread throughout the room than when they are confined to a small portion of the room. d. The enthalpy of the system is more important in determining the outcome at a low temperature. e. The entropy of the system is more important in determining the outcome at a high temperature.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question4
Marks: 1

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Entropy Choose one answer.

a. The entropy is larger when a disolved salt in a liquid is uniform or spread throughout the liquid than when it is highly concentration in a small portion of the liquid. b. An iron nail at 100oC has more entropy than the same nail at 250oC c. Entropy decreases when a gas dissolves in a solvent, mainly because the dissolved molecules are confined to a smaller volume. d. Adding heat to a substance always increases its entropy. e. Entropy increases in going from the solid to the liquid to the gaseous state. f. When a solid dissolves in a liquid the entropy generally increases because the positional entropy increases. For example, dissolving a sugar cube in water. g. The kinetic energy of the particles in a sample increases as the temperature increases. The disorder increases as the motion of the particles increases. Consequently, entropy increases as the temperature increases.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question5
Marks: 1

For which of the following reactions is there an increase in entropy (entropy of products > entropy of reactants or S > 0)? Determining the change in entropy 1 Choose at least one answer.
a. 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) b. 2H2O2(aq) 2H2O(l) + O2(g) c. 2C2H2(g) + 5O2(g 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) d. 2A(g) + 3B(g) C(g) + 2D(g)

e. 2A(g) + 3B(s) C(g) + 2D(g)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question6
Marks: 1

Check those pairs of molecules where the one on the right has a larger entropy. (Each pair of molecules has the same conditions. For example, both temperatures are the same.) Determining the change in entropy 2 Choose at least one answer.
a. CO2(g) and CO(g) b. CH4(g) and C2H2(g) c. CH3F(g) and CH3I(g) d. C2H4F2(g) and C2H3F3(g) e. C2H6(g) and C2Br6(g)

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question7
Marks: 1

Calculate the increase of entropy in J/K when 8.6 mole of C2H5OH melts at (-114)oC and 1 atm. Hfus = 5.02 kJ/mol. (Remember to use J and K.) Entropy definition and calculation Answer:
271.52

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question8
Marks: 1

Calculate the increase of entropy in J/K when 6.4 mole of C2H5OH vaporization at 78oC (the boiling point at 1 atm). Hvap = 39.30 kJ/mol.

Entropy 2nd calculation Answer:

716.58

Did you remember to use J and K? Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question9
Marks: 1

Consider the reaction: A(g) + 2B(g) 3C(g) + 3D(s). Keq = 1,500. [A] = 0.15 M, [B] =0.31 M, [C] = 1.52 M, and some D is present. What is Q? Review calculating Q Answer:
243.62

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question10
Marks: 1

For the above value of Q Choose one answer.

a. the reaction is at equilibrium. b. the reaction proceeds spontaneously to the left (making more reactant). c. the reaction proceeds spontaneously to the right (making more product).

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question11
Marks: 1

Under certain condition for the reaction A B, H = (-24.2) kJ and S = (-49) J/K. What is G in J at 262 K? Gibb's energy calculation Answer:

-11362

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question12
Marks: 1

Check the correct statements for the above reaction. Reaction direction Choose at least one answer.
a. The reaction is exothermic. b. The reaction is endothermic. c. The change in entropy is positive. d. The change in entropy is negative. e. The reaction is at equilibrium. f. The reaction is spontaneous to the right. g. The reaction is spontaneous to the left.

All answers must be correct to get credit. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question13
Marks: 1

For the reaction A B, H = (-22.9) kJ and S = (-32) J/K. What is G in J at 790 K? G = H - TS Answer:
2380

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question14
Marks: 1

Check the correct statements for the above reaction.

Choose at least one answer.

a. The reaction is exothermic. b. The reaction is endothermic. c. The change in entropy is positive. d. The change in entropy is negative. e. The reaction is at equilibrium. f. The reaction is spontaneous to the right. g. The reaction is spontaneous to the left.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question15
Marks: 1

Under certain condition for the reaction A B, H = 22.3 kJ and S = 24 J/K. At what temperature in K is the reaction at equilibrium? Hint given in feedback. Answer:
929.17

Solve G = H - TS for T. Hint, what is G at equilibrium? Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question16
Marks: 1

Check the correct statements for the above reaction. Choose at least one answer.
a. The reaction is exothermic. b. The reaction is endothermic. c. The change in entropy is positive.

d. The change in entropy is negative. e. Above the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the right. f. Above the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the left. g. Below the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the right. h. Below the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the left.

All answers must be correct to get credit. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question17
Marks: 1

Under certain condition for the reaction A B, H = (-14.8) kJ and S = (-34) J/K. At what temperature in K is the reaction at equilibrium? Hint repeated for this problem in feedback. Answer:
435.29

Solve G = H - TS for T. Hint, what is G at equilibrium? Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question18
Marks: 1

Check the correct statements for the above reaction. Choose at least one answer.
a. The reaction is exothermic. b. The reaction is endothermic. c. The change in entropy is positive. d. The change in entropy is negative. e. Above the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the right. f. Above the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the left.

g. Below the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the right. h. Below the equilibrium temperature, the reaction is spontaneous to the left.

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question19
Marks: 1

Check those statements that are true. Standard State and thermodynamic calculations

Choose at least one answer.

a. The standard state for H2 is 1 atm of the gas. b. The standard state for Hg is 1 mol of the liquid. c. The standard state of H2O is 1 mol ice. d. The standard state of H2O is 1 mol water. e. Hfo(O2(g)) = 0. f. Gfo(O2(g)) = 0. g. So(O2(g)) = 0.

Mercury is a liquid at room temperature (standard temperature). Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question20
Marks: 1

Calculate So in J/K for the following reaction: 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) So(Fe2O3(s)) = 87.4 J/K/mol So(C(s)) = 5.7 J/K/mol So(Fe(s)) = 27.3 J/K/mol So(CO2(g)) = 213.7 J/K/mol

Detailed delta S Calculation Answer:

558.4

Remember there are 3 moles of carbon dioxide, etc. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question21
Marks: 1

Calculate Go in kJ for the following reaction: 2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 4Fe(s) + 3CO2(g) Gfo(Fe2O3(s)) = -742.2 kJ/mol Gfo(C(s)) = ? Gfo(Fe(s)) = ? Gfo(CO2(g)) = -394.4 kJ/mol Detailed delta G calculation

Answer:
301.2

Remember there are 3 moles of carbon dioxide, etc. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question22
Marks: 1

Check the correct statement for the reduction of iron III oxide to iron. Reminder given in general feedback. Choose one answer.
a. The reaction is at equilibrium. b. The reaction is spontaneous to the right.

c. The reaction is spontaneous to the left.

If G. = 0 the process is at equilibrium. If G. < 0 the process is spontaneous in the forward direction or to the right. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question23
Marks: 1

For a certain reaction Gorxn = (-4.9) kJ/mol. What is the equilibrium constant at 157oC? Remember to convert kJ to J to have consistent units and the temperature to K. Calculating Keq from Go Answer:
3.94

Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.

Question24
Marks: 1

Correctly match the following conditions. Hint given in general feedback.

Gorxn << 0 Gorxn < 0 Gorxn > 0 Gorxn >> 0

Keq >> 1 (much much greater than 1)

Keq > 1

Keq < 1

Keq << 1 (much much less than 1)

The help for the previous problem tells you the answer. However, you can check for yourself using the Gibb's energy equation. Try different values for the Gibb's energy or Keq at some temperature, say 300 K, and see what happens. Correct Marks for this submission: 1/1.