Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
Home Forums Datasheets Lab Manual Testing Components Buy Project Kits
Ads by Google
IC Components
Battery Charging IC
RF Amplifier IC
IC Semiconductor
1.
Monolithic IC-Transistor fabrication Transistors and diodes are usually formed using the epitaxial planar diffusion process described in previous blog post.Collector, base, and emitter regions are diffused into a Ptype silicon substrate,as shown in figure, and surface terminals are provided for connection. In discrete transistors the substrate is normally employed as collector. If this were done with transistors in monolithic IC, all transistors fabricated on one substrate would have their collectors connected together. This is the reason that separate collector regions are diffused into the substrate. Even though separate collector regions are formed, they are not completely isolated from the substrate. For proper functioning of the circuit it is necessary that the P-type substrate is always kept negative with respect to the transistor collector. This is achieved by connecting the substrate to the most negative terminal of the circuit supply.The unwanted or parasitic junctions, even when reverse-biased, can still affect the circuit performance adversely. The junction reverse leakage current can cause a serious problem in circuits operating at very low current levels. The capacitance of the reverse-biased junction may affect the circuit high-frequency performance, and the junction break down voltage imposes limits on the usable level of supply voltage. All these adverse effects can be reduced to the minimum if highly
resistive material is employed for the substrate. If the substrate is very lightly doped, it will behave almost as an insulator.
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication
1/6
2/10/13
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
In IC resistors, the resistance value can be controlled by varying the concentration of doping impurity and depth of diffusion. The range of resistor values that may be produced by the diffusion process varies from ohms to hundreds of kilohms. The typical tolerance, however, may be no better than 5%, and may even be as high as 20%. On the other hand, if all the resistors are diffused at the same time, then the tolerance ratio may be good. Most resistors are formed during the base diffusion of the integrated transistor, as shown in figure. This is because it is the highest resistivity region. For low resistance values, emitter region is used as it has much lower resistivity.Alternatively, resistors for ICs can be produced by using thin-film technique. In this process a metal film is deposited on a glass or Si02 surface. The resistance value can be controlled by varying thickness, width and length of the film. Since diffused resistors can be processed while diffusing transistors, the diffusion technique is the cheapest and, therefore, the most widely used.
There is no feasible process for fab rication of inductors as part of monolithic structure. It is added externally as a discrete component, when re quired.
We recommend:
TDA2822 amplifier circuit Shock alarm circuit SCR Triggering using UJT Lamp flasher using LM395 Flashing LED unit
Search
Custom Search
Leave a Reply
Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication
2/6
2/10/13
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
Submit Comment
Latest Articles
8051 Microcontroller Projects & Circuits Ultrasonic range finder using 8051 Digital tachometer using 8051 PWM lamp dimmer using NE555 PN Junction Diode and its characteristics Simple audio circuits Understanding the PN Junction Delay using 8051 timer The Best & Free Android Applications for the Electronics & Electrical Engineers How to debug in Keil Microvision
Samsung Galaxy
FROM
Jeans
FROM
2,500
200
Categories
101-Announcements 555 Timer IC 8051 8051 projects Amplifier Circuits Arduino
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication 3/6
2/10/13
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
Audio Circuits Automotive Circuits AVR Basic Electricity Basic Electronics Battery Circuits C plus plus C Programming Cable TV Circuits Camera Technology Clipping and Clamping Circuits Clocking & Timer Circuits Conversion Circuits Counter Circuits Counters Digital Electronics Education & Training Electronic Components Electronic Keys & Locks Electronics Books Electronics Jobs Embedded Systems Equipment Reviews Events Fan Circuits Filter Circuits Fire Alarm Fun & Game Circuits Gadget Reviews Ham Radio Circuits High Voltage Circuits History Home Circuits Industrial Circuits Instruments Integrated Circuits Inverters Lab Manuals LED related Light Related Lighting Circuits MATLAB Microcontrollers Mobile Phone Related Motor Related Nanotechnology Oscillators Peripheral Interface Controller (PIC) Power Controller Circuits Power Electronics Power Supplies Project Ideas Projects Proximity Detectors Radio Circuits Radio Transmitters Raspberry Pi Relays Remote Circuits Reviews Robotics RTOS Security & Saftey Sensor Circuits Signal Conditioners Signal Generators Speed Controller Circuits State space analysis Switching Circuits Tech News Telephone Related Television Related Temperature Related Test & Measurement Circuits Testing Components Three phase circuits Timer Circuits
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication 4/6
2/10/13
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
Tone generator circuits Tools and Softwares Transmitters Tutorials UPS USB Circuits Videos VLSI Voltage Regulators
Like Us on Facebook
Circuitstoday.com
Like 11,281 people like Circuitstoday.com.
Recent Comments
sison.c.s on Automatic LED Emergency Light-Modified Version Sumon sarker on LDO regulator Jaisin jacob on Remote controlled switch circuit Jaisin jacob on Remote controlled switch circuit omer on 150 Watt amplifier circuit Tarun on Push pull amplifier mohammad sajid on 24V lead acid battery charger circuit mona on Working Of Electric Cars mona on Working Of Electric Cars Rajat on 7 Segment Counter Circuit piyush rawat on 2 km FM transmitter aVINASH on Electronic toss circuit demz on Water level controller using 8051 Anish on Transistor intercom circuit. RAVEN on Transistor intercom circuit.
Pages
About Advertise With Us Authors Buy Project Kits Datasheets Electronic Circuit Symbols Lab Manuals Electronic Circuits Lab Microcontroller lab Microprocessor Lab Privacy Policy Project Contests Sitemap Testing Components
Popular Tags
555 IC
circuits circuit design circuit diagram Electronic Circuits Electronic Components Electronic News Thyristors Tutorials VLSI Voltage Regulators
hobby circuits hobby projects Home Circuits IC Integrated Circuits Most Popular Circuits Nanotechnology NE555 timer Oscillators PIC
Simple Electronics Projects Tech
Most Discussed
150 Watt amplifier circuit 100 Watt sub woofer amplifier. Automatic LED Emergency Light-Modified Version Mains Operated LED Circuit Suggest a Topic to Publish & Win a 8GB Pen Drive 2 km FM transmitter
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication 5/6
2/10/13
Monolithic IC-Component Fabrication - Electronic Circuits and Diagram-Electronics Projects and Design
Automatic LED Emergency Light Copyright 2007 - 2011 Circuitstoday.com Designed by Web Design Cochin
www.circuitstoday.com/monolithic-ic-component-fabrication
6/6