03-02-2009

Tuesday, February 03, 2009

7:16 AM

ANALOG COMMUNICATION
Signal---Signals are the mathematical function that always convey a certain message

TYPES OF SIGNALS
1.Multichannel signal----
actually they are the combination of signals originate from different sources

Here s1,s2,s3 are three different sources and x1(t),x2(t),x3(t) are the signal functions respectively

2.Multidimensional signals---
They are the signals which can be represented in more than on dimension
like all the analog signals or waveforms are one dimensional while radio waves are 2-dimensional

3.Deterministic signals---
These are those type of signals that have no value of un-certainty or have high
Certainty within a period of time. Like square wave

4.Non-deterministic or Random signals---

They are just opposite of random signals.
A random signal is shown below

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The output 0f the signal cannot be define at any instant

5.Analog signal----
They are the continuous with time signal and have certain value with
Time.

6.Digital signal----
Those signals which have discrete values of time. Digital signals are basically binary
Signals and used to represent certain amount of voltage signal.

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Signals and used to represent certain amount of voltage signal.

Discrete signals have different amplitude at different time

7.Periodic and Non-periodic signals---

Those signals that follows the equation
x(t+T)=x(t)
are called periodic signals and which do not follow the given equation are called Non-periodic signal.
Here T is the fundamental time period of signal
T=2∏/ω

8.Energy signals----
Those signals that have finite value of energy and zero average power are known as
Energy signals.

Condition to determine energy signals -----

Its very easy to determine an energy signal
If t→∞ ,then if x(t)=0
Where x(t) is the amplitude of the signal

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Where x(t) is the amplitude of the signal
Then it is a energy signal
The equation for energy signal is given by
∞
E(t)=∫[x(t).x(t)]dt
-∞
All non periodic signals are energy signals

9.Power signals---
Those signals which have infinite energy but have finite power are called
power signals.

Condition to determine power signals----

If t→∞ ,then if x(t)≠0

Then it is a power signal
The equation for power signal is given by
we have
P=V.V/R
take R=1
therefore P=V.V=x(t).x(t)
∞
therefore P(t)=∫[x(t).x(t)]dt
lim - ∞
T→∞

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