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CONSUMABLE WORKBOOKS Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters booklets are available as consumable workbooks in both English and Spanish. Study Guide Workbook Skills Practice Workbook Practice Workbook Spanish Study Guide and Assessment 0-07-869610-0 0-07-869311-X 0-07-869609-7 0-07-869611-9
ANSWERS FOR WORKBOOKS The answers for Chapter 2 of these workbooks can be found in the back of this Chapter Resource Masters booklet. StudentWorksTM This CD-ROM includes the entire Student Edition along with the English workbooks listed above. TeacherWorksTM All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in the Algebra: Concepts and Applications TeacherWorks CD-ROM.
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoe Algebra: Concepts and Applications. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher. Send all inquiries to: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 8787 Orion Place Columbus, OH 43240-4027 ISBN: 0-07-869254-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 024 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 Algebra: Concepts and Applications Chapter 2 Resource Masters
Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii-viii Lesson 2-1 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Lesson 2-2 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Lesson 2-3 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Lesson 2-4 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Lesson 2-5 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Lesson 2-6 Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Skills Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Practice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Chapter 2 Assessment Chapter 2 Test, Form 1A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81-82 Chapter 2 Test, Form 1B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83-84 Chapter 2 Test, Form 2A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85-86 Chapter 2 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87-88 Chapter 2 Extended Response Assessment . . . . . . 89 Chapter 2 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Chapter 2 Quizzes A & B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Chapter 2 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Chapter 2 Standardized Test Practice . . . . . . . . 93-94 Standardized Test Practice Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1 ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2-A23
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
iii
Vocabulary Builder Pages vii-viii include a student study tool that presents the key vocabulary terms from the chapter. Students are to record definitions and/or examples for each term. You may suggest that students highlight or star the terms with which they are not familiar. When to Use Give these pages to students
before beginning Lesson 2-1. Encourage them to add these pages to their Algebra: Concepts and Applications Interactive Study Notebook. Remind them to add definitions and examples as they complete each lesson.
Practice There is one master for each lesson. These problems more closely follow the structure of the Practice section of the Student Edition exercises. These exercises are of average difficulty. When to Use These provide additional
practice options or may be used as homework for second day teaching of the lesson.
Study Guide There is one Study Guide master for each lesson. When to Use Use these masters as reteaching
activities for students who need additional reinforcement. These pages can also be used in conjunction with the Student Edition as an instructional tool for those students who have been absent.
iv
Assessment Options
The assessment section of the Chapter 2 Resources Masters offers a wide range of assessment tools for intermediate and final assessment. The following lists describe each assessment master and its intended use.
Intermediate Assessment
A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option to assess the first half of the chapter. It is composed of free-response questions. Two free-response quizzes are included to offer assessment at appropriate intervals in the chapter.
Continuing Assessment
The Cumulative Review provides students an opportunity to reinforce and retain skills as they proceed through their study of algebra. It can also be used as a test. The master includes free-response questions. The Standardized Test Practice offers continuing review of algebra concepts in multiple choice format.
Answers
Page A1 is an answer sheet for the Standardized Test Practice questions that appear in the Student Edition on page 89. This improves students familiarity with the answer formats they may encounter in test taking. The answers for the lesson-by-lesson masters are provided as reduced pages with answers appearing in red. Full-size answer keys are provided for the assessment options in this booklet.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
pace to practice concepts using easier problems. Practice masters provide average-level problems for students who are moving at a regular pace.
Each chapters Vocabulary Builder master provides students the
opportunity to write out key concepts and definitions in their own words.
Enrichment masters offer students the opportunity to extend their
learning. Nine Different Options to Meet the Needs of Every Student in a Variety of Ways
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Prerequisite Skills Workbook Study Guide and Intervention Reading to Learn Mathematics NoteablesTM: Interactive Study Notebook with FoldablesTM Skills Practice Vocabulary Builder Parent and Student Study Guide (online)
8 9
Practice Enrichment
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
vi
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 2. As you study the chapter, complete each terms definition or description. Remember to add the page number where you found the term. Vocabulary Term absolute value Found on Page Definition/Description/Example
coordinate coORduhnet
coordinate plane
coordinate system
dimensions
element
graph
integers INtahjerz
matrix MAYtriks
natural numbers
negative numbers
vii
2
number line
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Vocabulary Term
opposites
ordered array
ordered pair
origin ORajin
quadrants KWAdruntz
Venn diagram
x-axis
x-coordinate
y-axis
y-coordinate
zero pair
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
viii
21
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
5 4 3 2 1 0
integers
Use dots to graph numbers on a number line. You can label the dots with capital letters.
A B C D E
1 2 3
F
4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
Because 3 is to the right of 3 on the number line, 3 3. And because 5 is to the left of 1, 5 1. Because 3 and 3 are the same distance from 0, they have the same absolute value, 3. Use two vertical lines to represent absolute value.
3 units 4 3 2 1 0 3 units 1 2 3 4
|3| 3 | 3| 3
Example:
| 12|
12 and |10|
10
B D
E
1 2
F
3 4
G
5 6
2. D
3. G 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
5. { 1, 0, 3}
2 1 0 1 2 3 4
Write 6. 7
or
10. | 15| 15 51
11. | 20|
|10| 10
21
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
S
3
T
2 1
U
0
V
1 2 3
W
4 5
1. S 4. R
3 5
2. U 5. W
0 4
3. T 6. V
2 1
9. {2, 4,
4}
10. { 1, 3, 5}
11. { 4,
2, 2}
12. { 3,
1, 1, 3}
or
in each blank to make a true sentence. 7 2 3 14. 4 17. 20. 0 1 2 2 9 15. 18. 21. 3 5 6 0 8 3
23. | 5|
24. | 8| 8
25. |10|
10
26. |3|
| 2|
27. | 7|
| 12|
19
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
52
21
A E C
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
B
3 4
D
5
5 4 3 2 1 0
1. A 4. D 5
2. B 3 5. E
3. C
6. F 1
8. {4,
1,
2}
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
9. {3,
4,
3}
1 2 3 4 5
10. { 2, 5, 1}
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
11. {2,
5, 0}
1 2 3 4 5
12. { 4, 3,
2, 4}
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
5 4 3 2 1 0
or
in each blank to make a true sentence. 9 3 0 14. 0 17. 20. 4 11 1 5 2 15. 18. 21. 2 7 5 2 3 6
24. | 3|
|1| 4
25. |9|
| 8| 1
26. | 7|
| 2| 5
27. | 8|
|11| 19
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
53
21
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
absolute value the distance a number is from 0 on a number line coordinate (co OR di net) the number that corresponds to a point on a number line graph to plot points named by numbers on a number line number line a line with equal distances marked off to represent numbers
The line and the set of numbers continue infinitely in each direction.
b. What is the absolute value of 3? What is the absolute value of 3? Explain.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
3, 3; line.
2. Refer to the Venn diagram shown at the right. Write true or false for each of the following statements. a. All whole numbers are integers. true b. All natural numbers are integers.
c. All whole numbers are natural numbers. d. All natural numbers are whole numbers. e. All whole numbers are positive numbers. f. All integers are natural numbers.
Natural Numbers
false false
g. Whole numbers are a subset of natural numbers. h. Natural numbers are a subset of integers.
true
Sample answer: On a football field, the distance from each goal line to the 50-yard line is 50 yards.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
54
21
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
Venn Diagrams
A type of drawing called a Venn diagram can be useful in explaining conditional statements. A Venn diagram uses circles to represent sets of objects. Consider the statement All rabbits have long ears. To make a Venn diagram for this statement, a large circle is drawn to represent all animals with long ears. Then a smaller circle is drawn inside the first to represent all rabbits. The Venn diagram shows that every rabbit is included in the group of long-eared animals.
animals with long ears
The Venn diagram can also explain how to write the statement, All rabbits have long ears, in if-then form. Every rabbit is in the group of long-eared animals, so if an animal is a rabbit, then it has long ears. For each statement, draw a Venn diagram. The write the sentence in if-then form. 1. Every dog has long hair. 2. All rational numbers are real.
If a person is a staff member, then the person is allowed in the faculty lounge.
55
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
22
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
y Quadrant I S
1 2 3 4 x
Quadrant IV
The point at which the axes meet has coordinates (0, 0) and is called the origin. Example 1: What is the ordered pair for point J? In what quadrant is point J located? You move 4 units to the left of the origin and then 1 unit up to get to J. So the ordered pair for J is ( 4, 1). Point J is located in Quadrant II. Example 2: Graph M( 2, 4) on the coordinate plane. Start at the origin. Move left on the x-axis to 2 and then down 4 units. Draw a dot here and label it M.
Quadrant II 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x
y Quadrant I
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 M 4 Quadrant III
Quadrant IV
Write the ordered pair that names each point. 1. P (1, 3) 3. R (0, 2) 2. Q ( 4, 4. T ( 4, 0)
y
4 P 3 2 R 1 1 2 3 4 x
3)
T
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 Q 4
Graph each point on the coordinate plane. Name the quadrant, if any, in which each point is located. 5. A(5, 1) IV 6. B( 3, 0) none 8. D(0, 1) none 10. F( 1, 2) III
O
7. C( 3, 1) II 9. E(3, 3) I
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
56
22
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
( 3,
1)
3)
R T P S
2 U 2 4 x
( 2, 4) 1) 2)
7. S (2, 9. U (0,
(5, 0) (0, 3)
N
4
Graph each point on the coordinate plane. 11. A( 2, 4) 13. C(5, 3) 12. B(0, 14. D( 2, 16. F(4, 0) 1) 18. H(3, 3)
4
4) 1)
4 2
y
4
2 2
4 x
20. J( 5, 0)
I IV III II IV
1)
29. ( 3, 0)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
57
22
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
y
B
3)
4)
C J
O
G
F D
x
K
5. E ( 1, 1) 7. G (0, 9. J ( 2,
2) 4)
1)
y
Graph each point on the coordinate plane. 11. K(0, 3) 12. L( 2, 3) 14. N( 3, 0)
O
2)
4)
Name the quadrant in which each point is located. 21. (1, 9) I 23. (0, 25. (5, 27. ( 1, 1) none 3) IV 1) III 22. ( 2, 7) III
29. ( 8, 4) II
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
58
22
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
coordinate plane the plane containing the x- and y-axes coordinate system the grid formed by the intersection of two perpendicular number lines that meet at their zero points ordered pair a pair of numbers used to locate any point on a coordinate plane quadrant one of the four regions into which the x- and y-axes separate the coordinate plane x-axis the horizontal number line on a coordinate plane y-axis the vertical number line on a coordinate plane x-coordinate the first number in a coordinate pair y-coordinate the second number in a coordinate pair
y axis
origin
O
x axis
x
2. Use the ordered pair ( 2, 3). a. Explain how to identify the x- and y-coordinates.
The x-coordinate is the first number; the y-coordinate is the second number.
b. Name the x-and y-coordinates.
The x-coordinate is
c. Describe the steps you would use to locate the point at ( 2, 3) on the coordinate plane.
Start at the origin, move two units to the left and then move up three units.
3. What does the term quadrant mean?
Sample answer: It is one of four regions in the coordinate plane. Helping You Remember
4. Describe a method to remember how to write an ordered pair.
Sample answer: Since x comes before y in the alphabet, the xcoordinate is written first in an ordered pair.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
59
22
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
3. Make the number 0 (zero) so that it extends to the top and bottom sides of the matrix.
4. Make the capital letter O so that it extends to each side of the matrix.
5. Using separate grid paper, make dot designs for several other letters. Which were the easiest and which were the most difficult? See students work.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
60
23
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Adding Integers
You can use a number line to add integers. Start at 0. Then move to the right for positive integers and move to the left for negative integers.
2 1 0 1 2 2 1 1 3 3 4 5 4 3 2 1 2 2 1 0 1 ( 1) 3 2
Both integers are positive. First move 2 units right from 0. Then move 1 more unit right.
Both integers are negative. First move 2 units left from 0. Then move 1 more unit left.
When you add one positive integer and one negative integer on the number line, you change directions, which results in one move being subtracted from the other move.
1 2 4 3 2 1 2 1 0 1 1 2 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 3 ( 1) 1 4
Use the following rules to add two integers and to simplify expressions. Rule To add integers with the same sign, add their absolute values. Give the result the same sign as the integers. To add integers with different signs, subtract their absolute values. Give the result the same sign as the integer with the greater absolute value. Find each sum. 1. 5 5. 5 8 13 ( 8) ( 5) 2. 8 6. ( 9) 8 7 Examples 11 8 ( 2) 5x ( 3x) 4 10 8x
9 1
( 6) 3 ( 5) 4 2x 9x 7x 3y ( 4y) y
17
( 8)
3. 12 20 4
( 8) 4 7. 12 5
4.
16
11
( 1) 16
3x
9.
5y
( 7y)
12y
10. 2m
( 4m)
( 2m)
4m
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
61
23
Find each sum. 1. 2 7
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Adding Integers
2. 3 ( 2) 3. 4 1
9
4. 3 ( 9) 5.
5
2 12 6.
3
1 ( 6)
6
7. 10 ( 8) 8.
10
9 4 9. 3
7
( 3)
2
10. 5 ( 5) 11. 8
5
( 9) 12.
0
7 4
10
13. 2 2 14.
1
12 10 15.
3
8 ( 5)
0
16. 14 8
2
17. 15 ( 8) 18. 3
13
( 11)
6
19. 9 ( 7)
7
20. 6 ( 9) 21.
8
14 15
16
22. 10 6 ( 4)
3
23. 13 ( 14) 1 24.
1
4 ( 8) 5
8
Simplify each expression. 25. 4c 8c 26.
5a
( 9a)
27.
8d
3d
4c
28. 7x 3x
14a
29. 6y ( 3y) 30.
5d
7t 4t
10x
31. 12s ( 4s)
3y
32. 5t ( 13t)
3t
33. 15h ( 4h)
16s
34. 7b 6b ( 8b) 35.
8t
9w 4w ( 5w)
11h
36. 12t 3t ( 6t)
5b
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
10w
62
9t
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
23
Find each sum. 1. 8 4
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
Adding Integers
2. 3 5 3. 9 ( 2)
12
4. 5 11 5.
2
7 ( 4)
7
6. 12 ( 4)
6
7. 9 10 8.
11
4 4
8
9. 2 ( 8)
1
10. 17 ( 4) 11.
0
13 3 12. 6
6
( 7)
13
13. 8 ( 9) 14.
10
2 11 15.
1
9 ( 2)
17
16. 1 3
9
17. 6 ( 5) 18.
11
11 7
2
19. 8 ( 8) 20.
1
6 3 21. 2
4
( 2)
16
22. 7 ( 5) 2 23.
3
4 8 ( 3) 24.
0
5 ( 5) 5
4
Simplify each expression. 25. 5a ( 3a) 26.
7y
2y
27.
9m
( 4m)
2a
28. 2z ( 4z)
5y
29. 8x ( 4x) 30.
13m
10p 5p
6z
31. 5b ( 2b) 32.
4x
4s 7s
5p
33. 2n ( 4n)
3b
34. 5a ( 6a) 4a 35.
3s
6x 3x ( 5x)
2n
36. 7z 2z ( 3z)
3a
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8x
63
6z
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
23
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
Add their absolute values. The result has the same sign as the integers.
2. Explain how to add integers with opposite signs.
Find the difference of their absolute values. The result has the same sign as the integer with the greater absolute value.
3. If two numbers are additive inverses, what must be true about their absolute values?
2
3
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
b. 4
( 6)
6 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
c. How do the arrows show which number has the greater absolute value?
The longer arrow represents the number with the greater absolute value.
d. Explain how the arrows can help you determine the sign of the answer.
The direction of the longer arrow determines the sign of the answer.
Write an equation for each situation. 5. a five-yard penalty and a 13-yard pass 6. gained 11 points and lost 18 points
11
5 13 8 ( 18) 7 25 ( 15) 10
Sample answer: Since the sum of a number and its opposite is zero, when a positive tile is paired with a negative tile, the sum is zero.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
64
23
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
Integer Magic
A magic triangle is a triangular arrangement of numbers in which the sum of the numbers along each side is the same number. For example, in the magic triangle shown at the right, the sum of the numbers along each side is 0. In each triangle, each of the integers from 4 to 4 appears exactly once. Complete the triangle so that the sum of the integers along each side is 3. 1.
3 3 0 1 4 2 2 4 1 3
2.
3.
4.
In these magic stars, the sum of the integers along each line of the star is 2. Complete each magic star using the integers from 6 to 5 exactly once. 5.
4
6.
5
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
65
24
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Subtracting Integers
If the sum of two integers is 0, the numbers are opposites or additive inverses. Example 1: a. 3 is the opposite of 3 because 3 3 0 ( 17) 0
17 because 17
To subtract an integer, add its opposite or additive inverse. Example 2: Find each difference. a. 5 5 b. 7 7 2 2 5 3 ( 1) ( 1) d 1 1 6 9 Find each difference. 1. 5 5. 16 8 3 ( 2) Subtracting 2 is the same as adding its opposite, 2. 1 Subtracting opposite, 1. 1, d ( 3) 3 7, and e 1 is the same as adding its 3. 3.
7 6 e if c 7 7
Example 3: Evaluate c c d e
2.
( 9) 1 ( 10) 20
3. 7. 0
8 10
10 10
4. 8. 0
( 5) 1 ( 18) 18
8 8
6. 10
6x
10.
4y 1, y z z
( 6y) 2y 2, and z 5 1 z 7 4.
11. 2m
8m
( 2m)
4m
13. y 16. x
14. z 17. 0
y y
( 2)
x 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
66
24
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Subtracting Integers
Find each difference. 1. 8 2 2. 12 4 3. 7 ( 2)
6
4. 9 4
8
5. 4 12 6.
5
4 ( 10)
13
7. 6 1 8.
8
5 8 9.
6
5 ( 5)
7
10. 8 8 11.
13
11 7
0
12. 8 ( 7)
16
13. 9 14 14.
18
3 ( 15) 15.
15
14 6
5
16. 3 9 17.
12
7 7
20
18. 13 14
11
14
2, b c
3, c
1, and d
1. c
20. b
21. a
5
22. c d 23. a
2
b c
3
24. b d c
2
25. d b a
0
26. c a b 27. a
3
d b
4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
0
67
2
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
24
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
Subtracting Integers
Find each difference. 1. 9 3 2. 1 2 3. 4 ( 5)
6
4. 6 ( 1) 5.
3
7 ( 4)
9
6. 8 10
7
7. 2 5 8.
3
6 ( 7) 9. 2
2
8
7
10. 10 ( 2) 11.
1
4 6 12. 5
6
3
8
13. 8 ( 4) 14. 7
10
9 15.
2
9 ( 11)
4
16. 3 4 17. 6
2
( 5)
2
18. 6 5
11
1, b b
5, c
2, and d 21. c
4. d
7
22. a c d 23. a
6
b c
2
24. a c d
1
25. b c d 26. b
8
c d 27. a
3
b c
3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
11
68
4
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
24
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
12 15 0
34 ( 4)
( 4) ( 7)
( 11) 20 15 16 ( 34) 4 18
( 18)
( 8) 14 19
8 to 5; 13
3. Explain how zero pairs are used to subtract with algebra tiles.
Zero pairs are not needed to subtract negative tiles. If a positive tile is to be subtracted from negative tiles, first add a zero pair. Then you can subtract one positive tile. Helping You Remember
4. Explain why knowing the rules for adding integers can help you to subtract integers.
Sample answer: Since subtraction is really adding the numbers additive inverse, the rules for addition also apply to subtraction.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
69
24
Closure
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
A binary operation matches two numbers in a set to just one number. Addition is a binary operation on the set of whole numbers. It matches two numbers such as 4 and 5 to a single number, their sum. If the result of a binary operation is always a member of the original set, the set is said to be closed under the operation. For example, the set of whole numbers is not closed under subtraction because 3 6 is not a whole number.
Is each operation binary? Write yes or no. 1. the operation , where a b means to choose the lesser number from a and b yes 3. the operation sq, where sq(a) means to square the number a no 5. the operation , where a b means to match a and b to any number greater than either number no 2. the operation , where a b means to cube the sum of a and b yes 4. the operation exp, where exp(a, b) means to find the value of a b yes 6. the operation , where a b means to round the product of a and b up to the nearest 10 yes
Is each set closed under addition? Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 7. even numbers yes 9. multiples of 3 yes 11. prime numbers no; 3 8. odd numbers no; 3 10. multiples of 5 yes
10
no; 22
31
Is the set of whole numbers closed under each operation? Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 13. multiplication: a
b
b yes
14. division: a
b no; 4
3 is not a
b)2 yes
whole number
15. exponentation: a yes 16. squaring the sum: (a
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
70
25
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Multiplying Integers
Use these rules to multiply integers and to simplify expressions. The product of two positive integers is positive. The product of two negative integers is positive. The product of a positive integer and a negative integer is negative. Example 1: Find each product. a. 7(12) 7(12) 84
b.
5( 9) 5( 9)
45
c.
4(8) 4(8)
32
The factors have different signs, so the product is negative. 3 and b 5. Replace a with 3 and b with 3 3 9 Both factors are negative.
5.
Associative Property 12 4 48
Find each product. 1. 3(8) 24 5. 4( 1)( 5) 20 Evaluate each expression if a 8. 5c 2. ( 7)( 9) 63 3. 12( 1)
12
4.
6(5)
30
6. ( 8)( 8)( 2) 3, b
128
3.
7. 2( 5)(10)
100
2, and c
15
9. 2ab
12
10. abc 18
11. 3b
18x
13.
5( 7y) 35y 71
8pq
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
25
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Multiplying Integers
Find each product. 1. 3(12) 2. 4(7) 3. 8( 8)
36
4. 5( 9) 5.
28
2( 9) 6.
64
3( 10)
45
7. 0( 5) 8.
18
13( 4)
30
9. 4( 11)
0
10. 5(12)
52
11. 14(0) 12.
44
8(7)
60
13. 15( 4)
0
14. 9( 3) 15.
56
8(11)
60
16. ( 2)(4)( 3)
27
17. ( 4)( 5)( 1)
88
18. (3)(5)( 5)
24
Evaluate each expression if x 19. 3xy 20.
20
2 and y 2xy 4. 21.
75
5x
24
22. 7y
16
23. 8xy 24.
10
6xy
28
Simplify each expression. 25. 3(2a) 26.
64
48
4( 3c)
27.
5( 8b)
6a
28. (5c)( 7d)
12c
29. ( 8m)( 2n)
40b
30. ( 9s)(7t)
35cd
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
16mn
72
63st
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
25
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
Multiplying Integers
Find each product. 1. 3( 7) 2. 2(8) 3. 4(5)
21
4. 7( 7) 5.
16
9(3)
20
6. 8( 6)
49
7. 6(2) 8.
27
5( 7)
48
9. 2( 8)
12
10. 10( 2)
35
11. 9( 8)
16
12. 12(0)
20
13. 4( 4)(2)
72
14. 7( 9)( 1) 15.
0
3(5)(2)
32
16. 3( 4)( 2)(2)
63
17. 6( 1)(2)(1) 18.
30
5( 3)( 2)( 1)
48
Evaluate each expression if a 19. 6b
12
3 and b 5.
30
20. 8a
21. 4ab
30
22. 3ab 23.
24
9a 24.
60
2ab
45
Simplify each expression. 25. 5( 5y) 26.
27
30
7( 3b)
27.
3(6n)
25y
28. (6a)( 2b)
21b
29. ( 4m)( 9n)
18n
30. ( 8x)(7y)
12ab
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
36mn
73
56xy
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
25
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
factors the numbers being multiplied product the result when two or more factors are multiplied together
neg
3. Explain what the term additive inverse means. Then give an example.
4. Describe how you know that the product of 3 and you know that the product of 3 and 5 is negative.
Sample answer: The signs are the same; the signs are different.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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25
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
4. 1001two 9
5. 11001two 25
6. 100101two 37
10. 17 10001two
11. 28 11100two
12. 34 100010two
Write each answer as a binary number. 13. 1two 10two 11two 14. 101two 10two 11two
15. 10two
11two 110two
16. 10000two
10two 1000two
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
75
8 4 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
16 8 4 2
26
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Dividing Integers
Example 1: Use the multiplication problems at the right to find each quotient. a. 15 5 Since 3 5 15, 15 5 3. ( 5) 5 ( 5) 3. 3. 3. 3 5 3( 5) 3 5 3( 5) 15 15 15 15
Use these rules to divide integers. The quotient of two positive integers is positive. The quotient of two negative integers is positive. The quotient of a positive integer and a negative integer is negative. Example 2: Evaluate
3r s 3r s 3 8 2 24 2
if r
8 and s
2. 2.
( 7) 9
3. 25
( 1)
25
4.
60
12
5.
20 5
6.
18 3
7.
1 1
8.
56 8
1, m
3, and n 11. m k
2.
10.
2n k
12.
m n
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
76
26
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Dividing Integers
Find each quotient. 1. 36 3 2. 15 5 3. 24 ( 8)
12
4. 45 ( 3)
3
5. 81 ( 9) 6.
3
28 4
15
7. 121 11 8.
9
144 ( 12)
7
9. 32 ( 4)
11
10. 64 ( 8) 11.
12
80 10
8
12. 48 ( 6)
8
13. 100 ( 25) 14.
8
20 5
8
15. 36 ( 9)
4
16. 56 ( 7) 17.
4
63 ( 9) 18.
4
32 ( 16)
8
19. 21 3 20.
7
18 2
2
21. 72 ( 8)
7
22.
35 7
9
23.
39 13
9
24.
125 5
5
Evaluate each expression if d 25. f g
3
3, f g 8, and g 4.
25
26. 8d
27. 4g
2
28.
gf 2
6
29.
df 12
2
30.
5f g
16
31.
9g d
2
32.
2f g
10
33.
4f g
12
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
77
26
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
Dividing Integers
Find each quotient. 1. 28 7 2. 33 3 3. 42 ( 6)
4
4. 81 ( 9)
11
5. 12 4
7
6. 72 ( 9)
9
7. 15 15 8.
3
30 5 9.
8
40 ( 8)
1
10. 56 ( 7) 11.
6
21 ( 3) 12.
5
64 8
8
13. 8 8 14.
7
22 ( 2)
8
15. 32 ( 8)
1
16. 54 ( 9)
11
17. 60 ( 6)
4
18. 63 9
6
19. 45 ( 9) 20.
10
60 5
7
21. 24 ( 3)
5
22.
12 6
12
23.
40 10
8
24.
45 9
2
Evaluate each expression if a 25. 48 a
4
4, b 3 9, and c 6.
26. b
27. 9c
12
28.
ab c
3
29.
bc 6
6
30.
3c b
6
31.
12a c
9
32.
4b a
2
33.
ac 6
8
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
9
78
4
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
26
Key Terms
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
18
3;
18 6
2. Write negative or positive to describe each quotient. Explain your answer. Expression a. 15 b. 9 c. d. e. f.
35 7 78 13 13x 2 46 6y
Explanation The signs of two numbers are the same. The signs of the two numbers are different. The signs of the two numbers are different. The signs of two numbers are the same. The signs of the two numbers are different. The signs of two numbers are the same.
12 10
Sample answer: The rules to find the sign of the answer are the same for multiplication and division. If the signs of the factors are the same, the answer will be positive. If the signs of the factors are different, the answer will be negative.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
79
26
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
sum day of the month, using numbers from 131 month, beginning with March is 3, April is 4, and so on, up to December is 12, January is 13, and February is 14 year except for dates in January or February when the previous year is used 1984;
For example, for February 13, 1985, d 13, m 14, and y and for July 4, 1776, d 4, m 7, and y 1776
The brackets, [ ], mean you are to do the division inside them, discard the remainder, and use only the whole number part of the quotient. The next step is to divide s by 7 and note the remainder. The remainder 0 is Saturday, 1 is Sunday, 2 is Monday, and so on, up to 6 is Friday. Example: What day of the week was October 3, 1854? For October 3, 1854, d s 3 [ 2(10) ] [ (3 3, m 10 6 3) 10, and y 5] 1854.
1854 4 1854 100 1854 400
1854 1854
2 2
463
18
Since the remainder is 3, the day of the week was Tuesday. Solve. 1. See if the formula works for todays date. Answers will vary. 2. On what day of the week were you born? Answers will vary. 3. What will be the day of the week on April 13, 2006?
s 13 13 s 4 4 2(4) 8 2(7) 14 3 [(3 4 [(3 4 3) 501 3) 444 5] 5] 20 2006 4 2
2006 4 2006 100 2006 400
2 Thursday
2006 7 1776
2518; 2518
1776 100
359 R5 2
2231; 2231
318 R5
Thursday
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
80
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each problem. 1. Which of the following sentences is true? A. | 3| | 3| B. 2 | 2| C. | 5| | 3| D. 5 3 2. Name the coordinate of C on the number line at the right. A. 4 B. 2 C. 2 D. 3
F C D
1 2
1.
E
3
4 3 2 1 0
2.
3. 4.
For Questions 56, refer to the coordinate plane at the right. 5. Which ordered pair names point A? A. ( 3, 4) B. ( 4, 3) C. (3, 4) D. (4, 3) 6. In which quadrant is point C located? A. I B. II C. No quadrant; it lies on the y-axis. D. No quadrant; it lies on the x-axis.
O
A
5.
6.
7. Which of the following points is located in Quadrant III? A. ( 2, 4) B. ( 6, 0) C. ( 5, 3) D. (1, 8. The graph of P(x, y) satisfies the condition that y quadrant(s) could point P be located? A. III only B. IV only C. II or III
2)
7.
0. In which D. III or IV 8.
9. Which ordered pair names a point that lies on the y-axis and below the x-axis? A. ( 1, 4) B. ( 6, 0) C. (0, 3) D. (0, 2) 10. Find the sum: A. 42 18 ( 24). B. 32 ( 58) C. 6 k? D. 14 D. 7z D. 6
32 C. 16 C. 63z
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
81
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
13. A basketball player averages 24 points per game. In her next four games, she scores 5 points above her average, 4 points below her average, 6 points below her average, and 11 points above her average. How many points total is she above or below average for the four games? A. 6 below B. 4 below C. 4 above D. 6 above 14. Find the difference: 12 A. 17 B. 7 15. Evaluate 20 A. 43 16. Simplify A. d 14d a b if a B. 33 8d B. ( 5). C. 7 18 and b C. 5. 3 D. 17
13.
14.
D.
15.
( 21d ). 43d
C.
15d
D. d
16.
17. The week that your rent is due your paycheck is $462. If your rent is $275, how much money do you have left for the week after paying your rent? A. $87 B. $177 C. $187 D. $737 18. Find the product: 2(3)( 1)(5)( 2). A. 60 B. 30 C. 30 19. Evaluate A. 31 2xy 3z if x B. 1 8, y 1, and z C. 1 2? C. 60 5. D. 31
17.
D. 60
18.
19.
6, and
D. 70
20.
C. 25rs
D. 30rs
21.
22. Find the quotient: 125 ( 5). A. 120 B. 24 23. Find the value of s if 84 A. 72 B. 7 24. Evaluate A. 7
mp 3 n
C. 24 s. C. 7 3.
D. 25
22.
12
D.
23.
if m B. 3
5, n
6, and p C. 3
D. 7
24.
25. Over a six-year period, the enrollment of a school decreased from 812 to 482. What was the average change in enrollment for each of those six years? A. 330 B. 55 C. 45 D. 38 Bonus Simplify A.
25.
96 6
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
82
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each problem. 1. Name the coordinate of Z on the number line at the right. A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 3 2. Order 4, 2, 1, 3, and A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 2 C. 4, 3, 2, 1, 2
Z
4 3 2 1 0
X Y
1 2 3
1.
4 4
2.
3 1
3.
C.
D.
4.
5. Which of the following points is located in Quadrant II? A. ( 4, 0) B. ( 2, 7) C. (5, 1) D. ( 3, For Questions 67, refer to the coordinate plane at the right. 6. Which ordered pair names point P ? A. (0, 4) B. (4, 0) C. ( 4, 0) D. (0, 4) 7. In which quadrant is point Q located? A. I B. II C. III D. IV 8. The graph of P(x, y) satisfies the conditions that x which quadrant is point P located? A. I B. II C. III 0 and y D. IV
P
4)
y
Q
5.
O
R
6.
7. 0. In 8.
9. Which ordered pair names a point that lies on the x-axis and to the left of the y-axis? A. (0, 3) B. (4, 0) C. (0, 0) D. ( 1, 0) 10. What is the value of m if m A. 40 B. 24 11. Simplify A. 2k 4k ( 2k) 8k. B. 2k 50 28. B. 32 13 ( 27)? C. 14
9.
D. 40
10.
C. 14k
D. 6k
11.
C.
22
D. 78
12.
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
83
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
13. In four days, a golfer has rounds of four over par ( 4), 1 under par ( 1), 2 over par ( 2) and 3 under par ( 3). What is the golfers overall score for the four days? A. 1 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4 14. Evaluate y A. 20 x if x 12 and y B. 4 8. C. 4
13.
D. 20
14.
15. On January 13, the low temperature was 12F. The next day, the low temperature dropped by 25. What was the low temperature on January 14? A. 37F B. 25F C. 13F D. 37F 16. Find the difference: 9 A. 45 B. 14 17. Simplify A. 3p 18. Evaluate A. 7 19. Simplify A. 20t 6p ( 9p). B. 3p n if B. 4 1, m 5. C. 4 D. 14
15.
16.
C.
15p 3.
D. 15p
17.
2 m
2, and n C. 1
D. 7
18.
20. Find the product: 8( 6). A. 56 B. 48 21. What is the value of n if n A. 54 B. 36 22. Evaluate A. 4
fg 2
C. 14 ( 6)(3)( 3)? C. 36 2. C. 1
D. 48
20.
D. 54
21.
if f
4 and g B. 3
D.
22.
C. 16 ( 18). C. 4
D. 18
23.
D. 6
24.
25. Over eight years, the population of a town decreased from 1000 to 800. What was the average change in population for each of the eight years? A. 200 B. 25 C. 25 D. 200 Bonus Simplify A.
25.
9 3
( 4)(2). B. 5 C. 5 D. 11 Bonus
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
11
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
84
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
1.
1 0
5. Evaluate
5.
For Questions 69, use the coordinate plane at the right. 6. What ordered pair names point P ? 7. What ordered pair names point R? 8. In what quadrant is point S located? 9. In what quadrant is point T located? 10. In what quadrant is the point D( 4, 8) located? For Questions 1113, find each sum. 11. 18 12. 36 ( 27) ( 8) ( 36) 46 20 ( 12)
O
T
6.
x
S
7. 8. 9. 10.
13. 50
14. During one week the Dow Jones Industrial average, the most commonly used measure of the stock market, rises 43 points, falls 11 points, rises 38 points, rises 69 points, and falls 148 points. By how many points is it up or down overall for the week? 15. Evaluate 26 |z| y if y 8 and z 15.
14. 15.
Find each difference. 16. 22 17. 18. 8 30 ( 9) ( 12) ( 8) ( 18) ( 25) 75 16. 17. 18. 19.
19. 45
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
85
2
20. Simplify
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
21. What is the difference in elevation between the highest point in California, Mount Whitney, which towers 4421 meters above sea level, and the lowest point in California, Death Valley, which lies 86 meters below sea level? For Questions 2224, find each product. 22. 2( 3)( 3)
21.
25. A small company buys 8 chairs, each at a price of $40 less than the regular price, and 6 lamps, each at a price of $15 less than the regular price. What number describes the price the company pays in all compared to the regular price? 26. Evaluate 3xz 8y if x 4, y 1, and z 8, 32, 2. 128, .
27. Find the next term in the pattern 2, For Questions 2830, find each quotient. 28. 29. 30.
57 3
120
100 4
30.
s2 s1
31. The acceleration a of an object (in feet per second squared) is given by a
t
speed at the beginning of the time, and s2 is the speed at the end of the time. What is the acceleration of a car that brakes from a speed of 114 feet per second to a speed of 18 feet per second in 6 seconds? 32. Evaluate
z y x
31. 32.
if x
6, y
4, and z
10.
33. Over a five-year period, the value of a house increased from $135,000 to $150,000. What was the average change in value for each of these five years?
33.
Bonus From Sunday to Monday, the minimum daily humidity drops 3%. Over the next three days, it rises 8%, rises 16%, and then drops 21%. What is the average daily change when you compare the minimum humidity on Thursday Bonus to the minimum humidity on Sunday?
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
86
2
1. 5 7
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
2. 3 | 4| 3. | 2| 1
4. Evaluate | 4|
5. Graph the set of numbers { 2, 1, 0} on a number line. For Questions 69, use the coordinate plane at the right. 6. In what quadrant is point B located?
B D
3 2 1 0
y
A
6.
O
C
7. In what quadrant is point C located? 8. What ordered pair names point A? 9. What ordered pair names point E? 10. In what quadrant is the point R(6, 11. Evaluate 4 b |c| if b
7. 8. 9.
2) located? 2.
10. 11.
7 and c
For Questions 1214, find each sum. 12. 6 13. 14. 21 12 ( 3) 9 31 12. 13. 14.
( 15) 18
( 20)
15. During one week a small town reservoir falls 3 feet, drops 2 feet, rises 3 feet, rises 1 foot, and falls 1 foot. By how many feet does the reservoir rise or fall overall for the week? For Questions 1619, find each difference. 16. 9 17. 18. 19.
15.
( 5) 15 6 11 ( 32) ( 5) ( 28) 3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
87
2
20. Simplify 8b
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
21. The temperature dropped 42F overnight from yesterdays high temperature of 25F. What is the temperature this morning? 22. Find the next term in the pattern 3, 23. Evaluate 2x 3y when x 5 and y 15, 75, . 4.
For Questions 2426, find each product. 24. 4(6)( 2) 25. 2(3)( 1)(5) 24. 25. 26.
26. 3( 3)( 2)( 1) 27. You and several friends go together to buy detergent from a warehouse store. By buying 12 economy boxes, you get a price that is $2 less per box than the regular price. What number describes the price you pay for the total purchase compared to the regular price? 28. Evaluate
a b c
27. 28.
if a
16, b
4, and c
8.
( 3)
32. The acceleration a of an object (in feet per second squared) is given by a , where t is the time in seconds, s1 is the speed at the beginning of the time, and s2 is the speed at the end of the time. What is the acceleration of a sled testing child car seats that goes from a speed of 88 feet per second to a speed of 0 feet per second in 2 seconds? 33. Over the past three years, the zoos attendance figures have decreased from 185,000 to 176,000. What is the average change in attendance for each of the last three years?
32.
33.
Bonus From Sunday to Monday, the maximum daily temperature in a small pond rises 1F. Over the next three days, it rises 4F, falls 1F, and then falls 8F. What is the average daily change when you compare the maximum temperature on Thursday to the maximum temperature on Sunday? Bonus
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
88
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Instructions: Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and to justify your answers. You may show your solution in more than one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem. 1. Refer to the coordinate plane at the right. a. Write the ordered pair that names each point. b. Multiply the x- and y-coordinates of each point by 2.
A C
c. Graph the new points. Label the point corresponding to A as X, the point corresponding to B as Y, and the point corresponding to C as Z. d. Describe how the new triangle is related to the original triangle. 2. Now we will investigate more generally what happens to points when their x- and/or y-coordinates are multiplied by a negative number. a. Pick a negative integer n. Fill out the table below, in which you will choose one point (a, b) in each quadrant, and then multiply one or both coordinates by n.
Quadrant of (a, b) Coordinates of (a, b) Coord. and quad. of (na, b) Coord. and quad. of (a, nb) Coord. and quad. of (na, nb) I II III
O
B
IV
b. How does multiplying one or both coordinates of a point by a negative number change the quadrant in which a point lies? 3. In an investment club, members pool their money and their knowledge to invest in the stocks of various companies. Members share any profits or losses equally. a. One club charges each member a $250 initial investment and monthly investments of $30. In its first year, the 15-member club loses $1320. In its second year, the club makes a $990 profit. Write and evaluate an expression to find each members net gain or loss after two years. b. Another club charges each member a $150 initial investment and monthly investments of $20. In its first year, the 25-member club loses $1750. In its second year, the club makes a $1200 profit. Write and evaluate an expression to find each members net gain or loss after two years. c. Compare the results of the two investment clubs.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
89
2
1. C 2. D
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
For Questions 12, name the coordinate of each point on the number line at the right.
D
4
4 3 2 1 0
6 | 7|
Order each set of numbers from greatest to least. 7. 8. 12, 10, 4, 6, 5, 8, 0, 3 3, 2, 5 7. 8. 911.
y
Graph each point on the same coordinate plane. 9. P(3, 0) 10. Q( 2, 11. R(4, 1) 3)
For Questions 1215, use the coordinate plane at the right. 12. What ordered pair names point A? 13. What ordered pair names point D? 14. In what quadrant is point C located? 15. In what quadrant is point B located? For Questions 1618, find each sum. 16. 9 18 ( 35) 4 ( 27) 15 ( 9x) y 6x. 4 and z 8.
C
y
D B
12.
O
A E x
17. 84 18. 8
( 9)
11
z if y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
90
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Chapter 2 Quiz A
(Lessons 21 through 22)
2, 0} on a number line. or to make a true 2. 3. | 2|. 4.
y
1.
2 1 0
| 7| | 6|
4. Evaluate
For Questions 57, graph each point on the same coordinate plane. 5. A(2, 3) 57.
O
6. B(3, 4) 7. C( 3, 4) 1) located? 8.
2
1. Find the sum: 2. Evaluate a
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Chapter 2 Quiz B
(Lessons 23 through 26)
11 8 ( 7). 16 and b 28. 1. 2. 3.
( 12) if a
( 54).
4. Write and evaluate an expression to find the difference (in the number of floors) between the 21st story of a building and the parking level three stories below the ground floor. 5. Find the product: 2(7)( 3)( 1). 1 and t 90 8. ( 15)?
4. 5. 6. 7.
8. Over the past four years, the value of a car has decreased from $22,000 to $12,000. What is the average change in value for each of the last four years?
8.
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
91
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
1. Write an equation for the sentence below. (Lesson 11) Six less than four times a is the same as eleven more than the product of b and c. 2. Find the value of 6 2(7 4) 6. (Lesson 12)
3. 3. Name the property shown by the statement below. (Lesson 13) 8 6 (5 11) 8 (6 5) 11 4. Simplify 6(2x 3) 4x. (Lesson 14) 5. 5. Mrs. Esposito buys apples at $2 per pound and walnuts at $5 per pound. If she spends three times as much on walnuts as apples and her total bill is $20, how many pounds of apples does she buy? (Lesson 15) 6. The frequency table gives the number of goals a soccer team scored in 11 games. In how many games did the team score at least two goals? (Lesson 16)
Goals Frequency 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 1 4 1
4.
6.
7. 7. What kind of a graph or plot is best to use to display how a quantity changes over time? (Lesson 17) 8. Order 11, 25, 36, (Lesson 21) 64, 2, and 3 from least to greatest. 8.
For Questions 910, refer to the coordinate plane at the right. (Lesson 22) 9. Write the ordered pair that names point W. 10. Name the quadrant in which point V is located. 11. Find the sum: 12. Evaluate a (Lesson 24) 22 b ( 31). (Lesson 23) c if a 12, b 22, and c
S
y
U T V
9.
x
8.
13. At 20F with a 5-mile-per-hour wind, the windchill factor is 16F. At this temperature with a 45-mile-per-hour wind, the windchill factor drops 38F. What is the windchill factor at 20F with a 45-mile-per-hour wind? (Lesson 24) 14. Find the product of 15. Evaluate
3xy 4
2, 3,
if x
6 and y
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
92
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of the problem. 1. Write an equation for the sentence below. Three less than the quotient of b and 5 equals 4 more than twice b. A. 5 C. 5
b b
3 3
6b 2b 4
B.
b 5
3 b 5
4 4
2b 2b 1.
D. 3
2. Annie buys a pair of pants for $25 and several T-shirts for $8 each. Write an expression for her total cost if she buys n T-shirts. A. n(8 25) B. 25 8n 5 2 C. 25 3. C. 14 10
8 n
D. 25n
2. 3.
D. 21 15.
4. Name the property of equality shown by the statement below. A. B. C. D. If 2b 10 5x and 5x 15, then 2b Reflexive Property of Equality Transitive Property of Equality Symmetric Property of Equality Multiplication Property of Equality 6 (5 3) 6 (3 5) Commutative Property of Addition Commutative Property of Multiplication Associative Property of Addition Associative Property of Multiplication 2a) 8(a B. 2a 6). 60 C. 60 2a D. 50 14a
4.
5. 6. 7.
7. How many ways are there to make $1.20 using quarters and/or dimes? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 8. Use the frequency table to determine how many out of 20 students wear shoes larger than size 7. A. 7 B. 12 C. 15 D. 16
Shoe Size Frequency 6 4 7 1 8 7 9 5 10 3
8.
9. The stem-and-leaf plot shows the number of times students ran the length of a football field in 15 minutes. How many students ran this length fewer than 25 times? A. 4 B. 5 C. 7 D. 8
Stem 1 2 3
Leaf 6 9 0 3 5 6 1 2 2 4 8 3 | 1 31
9.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
93
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
10. You want to show how the number of computers per 100 students has changed in your state over the past 20 years. The most appropriate way to display your data would be a A. histogram. B. stem-and-leaf plot. C. cumulative frequency table. D. line graph. 11. Which of the following statements is true? A. | 5| | 3| B. | 5| C. 3 5 D. | 5| 3 12. Evaluate | 8| A. 17 |9|. B. 1
10.
|3| 11.
C. 1
D. 17
y
E A
12.
For Questions 1314, refer to the coordinate plane at the right. 13. What ordered pair names point D? A. ( 3, 0) B. (0, 3) C. (3, 0) D. (0, 3) 14. In which quadrant is point E located? A. I B. II C. III D. IV 15. Find the sum: A. 16 16. Simplify A. 2b 17. Evaluate A. 22 8b 15 ( 11) B. 6 20. C. 4b. C. 6 D.
O
D
x
C
13.
14.
16
15.
10b 4.
D.
20b
16.
12
6 and y C. 2
D. 2
17.
18. Find the value of p if 2(3)( 1)( 5) p. A. 30 B. 11 C. 30 19. What is the value of k if 216 A. 24 B. 22 9 k? C. 22
D. 60
18.
D. 24
19.
20. Over seven years, the number of books in a school library increased from 1160 to 2000. What was the average change in the number of books in the library for each of the seven years? A. 115 B. 120 C. 134 D. 840
20.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
94
A A A A A A A A
B B B B B B B B
C C C C C C C C
D D D D D D D D
E E E E E E E E
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
A1
21 21
Skills Practice
Graphing Integers on a Number Line
Name the coordinate of each point.
R
5 0 1 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 1
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
positive integers
The numbers displayed on the number line below belong to the set of integers. The arrows at both ends of the number line indicate that the numbers continue indefinitely in both directions. Notice that the integers are equally spaced. 1. S 2. U 5. W 3. T 6. V 4. R
1 2 3 4 5
negative integers
3 5 4 1
5 4 3 2 1 0
integers
Use dots to graph numbers on a number line. You can label the dots with capital letters. The coordinate of B is 3 and the coordinate of D is 0. 9. {2, 4,
5 0 1 2 3 4 4 3 2 1 5
8. { 5,
4
3,
3
1}
2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
B C
D E
5 4 3 2 1 0
4}
10. { 1, 3, 5}
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Answers
Because 3 is to the right of 3 on the number line, 3 3. And because 5 is to the left of 1, 5 1. Because 3 and 3 are the same distance from 0, they have the same absolute value, 3. Use two vertical lines to represent absolute value. 11. { 4,
5 0 1 4 3 2 1 2 3
2, 2}
4 5
12. { 3,
5
1, 1, 3}
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A2
The absolute value of 3 is 3. The absolute value of 3 is 3. Write | 12| 16.
B D E
1 2 3 4 5 6
3 units
3 units
|3| 3 | 3| 3 or 7 5 4 3 2
4 3 2 1 0
in each blank to make a true sentence. 14. 4 17. 20. 0 1 2 2 9 15. 18. 21. 3 5 6 0 8 3
(Lesson 2-1)
19.
1. B
2. D
23. | 5|
4. { 3, 2, 4}
24. | 8| 8
25. |10|
10
Write 8 8. | 1| 0
or
in each blank to make a true sentence. 26. |3| 11. | 20| |10| 10
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
6.
7.
| 2|
27. | 7|
| 12|
19
9. |9| 9 51
10. | 15| 15
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
52
21 21
Reading to Learn Mathematics
Graphing Integers on a Number Line Key Terms
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
E C
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3. C
5 4 3 2 1 0
1. A
2. B 3 6. F 1
4. D 5
5. E
absolute value the distance a number is from 0 on a number line coordinate (co OR di net) the number that corresponds to a point on a number line graph to plot points named by numbers on a number line number line a line with equal distances marked off to represent numbers
7. { 5, 0, 2}
a. What do the arrowheads on each end of the number line mean?
2}
5 4 3 2 1 0
9. {3,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
4,
3}
10. { 2, 5, 1}
The line and the set of numbers continue infinitely in each direction.
b. What is the absolute value of 3? What is the absolute value of 3? Explain.
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
Answers
11. {2,
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
5, 0}
12. { 4, 3,
2, 4}
3, 3; line.
A3
1 5 2 21. 5 6 18. 7 3 15. 2 2 23. |6| 6 25. |9| | 8| 1 27. | 8| |11| 19 53
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
5 4 3 2 1 0
2. Refer to the Venn diagram shown at the right. Write true or false for each of the following statements. a. All whole numbers are integers. true b. All natural numbers are integers.
Write
or
Whole Numbers
(Lesson 2-1)
13. 7
14. 0
true
c. All whole numbers are natural numbers. d. All natural numbers are whole numbers. e. All whole numbers are positive numbers. f. All integers are natural numbers.
Integers
16. 6
17.
Natural Numbers
19.
20.
11
22. | 4| 4
24. | 3|
|1| 4
26. | 7|
| 2| 5
Sample answer: On a football field, the distance from each goal line to the 50-yard line is 50 yards.
54
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
21
Study Guide
The Coordinate Plane
Quadrant II 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 Quadrant III
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
22
y Quadrant I S
1 2 3 4 x
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Venn Diagrams
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
The two intersecting lines and the grid at the right form a coordinate system. The horizontal number line is called the x-axis, and the vertical number line is called the y-axis. The x- and y-axes divide the coordinate plane into four quadrants. Point S in Quadrant I is the graph of the ordered pair (3, 2). The x-coordinate of point S is 3, and the y-coordinate of point S is 2.
Quadrant IV
A type of drawing called a Venn diagram can be useful in explaining conditional statements. A Venn diagram uses circles to represent sets of objects.
Consider the statement All rabbits have long ears. To make a Venn diagram for this statement, a large circle is drawn to represent all animals with long ears. Then a smaller circle is drawn inside the first to represent all rabbits. The Venn diagram shows that every rabbit is included in the group of long-eared animals.
The point at which the axes meet has coordinates (0, 0) and is called the origin.
Quadrant II
rabbits
Answers
y Quadrant I
The Venn diagram can also explain how to write the statement, All rabbits have long ears, in if-then form. Every rabbit is in the group of long-eared animals, so if an animal is a rabbit, then it has long ears.
Example 1: What is the ordered pair for point J? In what quadrant is point J located? You move 4 units to the left of the origin and then 1 unit up to get to J. So the ordered pair for J is ( 4, 1). Point J is located in Quadrant II.
4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 x 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 M 4 Quadrant III
A4
2. All rational numbers are real.
real numbers rational numbers
For each statement, draw a Venn diagram. The write the sentence in if-then form.
Example 2: Graph M( 2, 4) on the coordinate plane. Start at the origin. Move left on the x-axis to 2 and then down 4 units. Draw a dot here and label it M.
Quadrant IV
dogs
Write the ordered pair that names each point. 1. P (1, 3) 3. R (0, 2) 2. Q ( 4, 4. T ( 4, 0)
3)
T
4 P 3 2 R 1 1 2 3 4 x 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 Q 4
Graph each point on the coordinate plane. Name the quadrant, if any, in which each point is located. 5. A(5, 1) IV 7. C( 3, 1) II 9. E(3, 3) I 6. B( 3, 0) none 8. D(0, 1) none 10. F( 1, 2) III
C B F O
y D
x A
If a person is a staff member, then the person is allowed in the faculty lounge.
55
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
56
22 22
Practice
The Coordinate Plane
Write the ordered pair that names each point.
A E H
y
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
( 3,
Q
4
1. L ( 4, 0) 1. A ( 3, 4) 3. C ( 4,
R L
4 2
2. M
V
2
1)
2. B (5, 2) 4. D (2, 6. F (1, 0) 8. H ( 2, 5) 10. K (5,
3. N ( 1,
3) 3) 4)
T P
2 4 x
4. P (0, 0) 5. E ( 1, 1) 7. G (0,
4
O
C J G
F D
x
K
5. Q
M
2 U
( 2, 4)
S N
6. R (2, 1)
7. S (2,
1) 2) 4) 1)
9. J ( 2,
8. T
(5, 0)
9. U (0,
2)
10. V
(0, 3)
12. B(0,
I
12. L( 2, 3) 14. N( 3, 0)
R L T N
O
M S
x
Answers
A5
1)
J
3)
14. D( 2,
15. E(1, 4)
G D C
4
16. F(4, 0)
2)
P W K
17. G( 4,
B
(Lesson 2-2)
1)
18. H(3, 3)
19. I( 4, 3)
20. J( 5, 0)
4)
Name the quadrant in which each point is located. 22. (3, 4) 24. (4, 26. ( 1, 28. ( 3, 5) 30. (8, 4) 1) 3)
21. ( 2,
2)
III IV III II IV
21. (1, 9) I 23. (0, 25. (5, 27. ( 1, 1) none 3) IV 1) III 29. ( 8, 4) II
22. ( 2,
23. ( 4, 3)
II
25. (0,
2)
none
27. (4,
1)
IV
29. ( 3, 0)
none
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
58
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
22
Enrichment
Points and Lines on a Matrix
A matrix is a rectangular array of rows and columns. Points and lines on a matrix are not defined in the same way as in Euclidean geometry. A point on a matrix is a dot, which can be small or large. A line on a matrix is a path of dots that line up. Between two points on a line there may or may not be other points. Three examples of lines are shown at the upper right. The broad line can be thought of as a single line or as two narrow lines side by side. A dot-matrix printer for a computer uses dots to form characters. The dots are often called pixels. The matrix at the right shows how a dot-matrix printer might print the letter P.
22
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Sample answers are given.
Draw points on each matrix to create the given figures. 1. Draw two intersecting lines that have four points in common. 2. Draw two lines that cross but have no common points.
Key Terms
coordinate plane the plane containing the x- and y-axes coordinate system the grid formed by the intersection of two perpendicular number lines that meet at their zero points ordered pair a pair of numbers used to locate any point on a coordinate plane quadrant one of the four regions into which the x- and y-axes separate the coordinate plane x-axis the horizontal number line on a coordinate plane y-axis the vertical number line on a coordinate plane x-coordinate the first number in a coordinate pair y-coordinate the second number in a coordinate pair
Answers
y axis
A6
4. Make the capital letter O so that it extends to each side of the matrix. 3. Make the number 0 (zero) so that it extends to the top and bottom sides of the matrix. 5. Using separate grid paper, make dot designs for several other letters. Which were the easiest and which were the most difficult? See students work.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
origin
x axis
(Lesson 2-2)
2. Use the ordered pair ( 2, 3). a. Explain how to identify the x- and y-coordinates.
The x-coordinate is the first number; the y-coordinate is the second number.
The x-coordinate is
c. Describe the steps you would use to locate the point at ( 2, 3) on the coordinate plane.
Start at the origin, move two units to the left and then move up three units.
Sample answer: Since x comes before y in the alphabet, the xcoordinate is written first in an ordered pair.
59
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
60
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
23
Skills Practice
Adding Integers
Find each sum. 1. 2 7 2. 3 ( 2) 3. 4 1
Study Guide
23
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Adding Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
1 4 2 3 2 1 0 1 ( 1) 3 2 2
You can use a number line to add integers. Start at 0. Then move to the right for positive integers and move to the left for negative integers.
9
4. 3 ( 9) 5. 2 12
5
6.
3
1 ( 6)
1 2
2 1
3 3
6
7. 10 ( 8) 8. 9 4
10
9. 3
7
( 3)
Both integers are positive. First move 2 units right from 0. Then move 1 more unit right.
Both integers are negative. First move 2 units left from 0. Then move 1 more unit left.
2
10. 5 ( 5) 11. 8 ( 9)
5
12.
0
7 4
When you add one positive integer and one negative integer on the number line, you change directions, which results in one move being subtracted from the other move.
10
1
1
2 14. 12 10 15.
3
8 ( 5)
1 2 2 2 1 0 1 2 3 ( 1) 1 4
13.
0
16. 14 8
2
17. 15 ( 8) 18. 3
13
( 11)
Answers
2 1 2 1
A7
6
Move 2 units right, then 1 unit left. 19. 9 ( 7)
7
20. 6 ( 9) 21.
8
14 15
Use the following rules to add two integers and to simplify expressions.
16
22. 10 6 ( 4)
3
23. 13 ( 14) 1 24.
1
4 ( 8) 5
(Lesson 2-3)
Rule 7 10 8x 11 8 ( 2) 5x ( 3x) 4
Examples
To add integers with the same sign, add their absolute values. Give the result the same sign as the integers. 9 1
8
Simplify each expression. 25. 4c 8c 26.
5a
( 9a)
27.
8d
3d
To add integers with different signs, subtract their absolute values. Give the result the same sign as the integer with the greater absolute value.
( 6) 3 ( 5) 4 2x 9x 7x 3y ( 4y) y
4c
28. 7x 3x
14a
29. 6y ( 3y) 30.
5d
7t 4t
10x 17
3. 12 20 4 7. 12 5 4. ( 8) ( 8) 4 16 5
3y 11
31. 12s ( 4s) 32. 5t ( 13t)
3t
33. 15h ( 4h)
1. 5
8 13
2.
( 9)
5. 5
( 8)
( 5)
6.
( 1) 16
16s
( 2m)
8t 4m
34. 7b 6b ( 8b) 35. 9w 4w ( 5w)
11h
36. 12t 3t ( 6t)
8. 3x
( 6x)
3x
9.
5y
12y
10. 2m
( 4m)
5b
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
10w
62
9t
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
23
Reading to Learn Mathematics
Adding Integers Key Terms
5 3. 9 ( 2)
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
23
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Adding Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
7
( 4) 6. 12 ( 4) additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
1. 8
2.
4.
11
5.
6
4 9. 2
11
7.
10
8.
1
2. Explain how to add integers with opposite signs.
0
3 12. 6 ( 7)
Add their absolute values. The result has the same sign as the integers. Find the difference of their absolute values. The result has the same sign as the integer with the greater absolute value.
3. If two numbers are additive inverses, what must be true about their absolute values?
10. 17
( 4)
11.
13
13
11 15. 9 ( 2)
4. Use the number line to find each sum. a. 3
5 3 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
13.
( 9)
14.
17 2
( 5) 18. 11 7
11
Answers
16.
17. 6
A8
4
3 21. 2 ( 2)
b. 4 ( 6)
2 2
19.
( 8)
20.
16
8 ( 3) 24. 5 ( 5) 5
6 4 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
(Lesson 2-3)
22. 7
( 5)
23.
c. How do the arrows show which number has the greater absolute value?
The longer arrow represents the number with the greater absolute value.
d. Explain how the arrows can help you determine the sign of the answer.
25. 5a
( 3a)
26.
7y
2a
( 4x) 30. 10p 5p
5y
13m
The direction of the longer arrow determines the sign of the answer.
Write an equation for each situation. 5. a five-yard penalty and a 13-yard pass 6. gained 11 points and lost 18 points
28.
2z
( 4z)
29. 8x
6z
7s 33. 2n ( 4n)
4x
5p
11
7. a deposit of $25 and a withdrawal of $15
31. 5b
( 2b)
32.
4s
3b
3x ( 5x) 36. 7z 2z ( 3z)
3s
2n
34. 5a
( 6a)
4a
35.
6x
3a
63
8x
6z
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Sample answer: Since the sum of a number and its opposite is zero, when a positive tile is paired with a negative tile, the sum is zero.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
64
23
Study Guide
Subtracting Integers
0 1 4 3 2 2 3 1 4
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
24
If the sum of two integers is 0, the numbers are opposites or additive inverses. Example 1: a. 3 is the opposite of 3 because 17 because 17 3 3 0 ( 17) 0 b. 17 is the opposite of Use this rule to subtract integers. To subtract an integer, add its opposite or additive inverse. Example 2: Find each difference.
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
2. 4 1
1
Integer Magic
A magic triangle is a triangular arrangement of numbers in which the sum of the numbers along each side is the same number. For example, in the magic triangle shown at the right, the sum of the numbers along each side is 0.
In each triangle, each of the integers from 4 to 4 appears exactly once. Complete the triangle so that the sum of the integers along each side is 3.
1.
0 3
4
3 a. 5 5 5 3 ( 1) ( 1) d c 1
2 2
Answers
1
3
2 2
( 2)
Subtracting 2 is the same as adding its opposite, 2. 1 e if c 1 is the same as adding its 7 6
2 b. 4.
3
0 7 7
3.
A9
3 4 1
4
3 0
3. 1 1 3 7 7 ( 3) 3 3.
In these magic stars, the sum of the integers along each line of the star is 2. Complete each magic star using the integers from 6 to 5 exactly once. 6. 3
3
8 8
2.
( 9) 1 ( 10) 20
3. 7. 0
8 10
10 10
4. 8. 0
( 5) 1 ( 18) 18
5.
1 3
0 2 1 2
9. 3x
9x
6x
4y 1, y
( 6y) 2y 2, and z 4.
11. 2m
8m
( 2m)
4m
1 6
4 5
3
5 15. 9 x 10
13. y 16. x
z z
5 1 z 7
14. z 17. 0
y y
( 2)
4 2
5 4 65
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
66
24
Practice
Subtracting Integers
Find each difference. 4 3. 7 ( 2) 1. 9 3 2. 1 2 3. 4 ( 5)
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
24
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Subtracting Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
5
12 6. 4 ( 10) 4. 6 ( 1) 5. 7 ( 4) 6. 8 10
1. 8
2. 12
4.
5. 4
13
8 9. 5 ( 5) 7. 2 5 8. 6 ( 7)
3
9. 2
2
8
7.
8.
7
7 12. 8 ( 7) 10. 10 ( 2) 11. 4 6
13
1
12. 5
6
3
10.
11.
11
Answers
16
( 15) 15. 14 6 13. 8 ( 4) 14. 7 9
18
15
10
15.
2
9 ( 11)
A10
20
7 18. 13 14 16. 3 4
13. 9
14
14.
12
4
17. 6
2
( 5)
2
18. 6 5
16.
17.
(Lesson 2-4)
11
14
11
2, b
3, c
1, and d
1.
1, b b
5, c
2, and d 21. c
4. d
19. a
20. b
5
b c 24. b d c
7
22. a c d 23. a
6
b c
2
24. a c d
22. c
23. a
2
a b 27. a d b
1
25. b c d 26. b
8
c d 27. a
3
b c
25. d
26. c
4
67
2
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
3
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
11
68
4
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
24
Enrichment
Closure
A binary operation matches two numbers in a set to just one number. Addition is a binary operation on the set of whole numbers. It matches two numbers such as 4 and 5 to a single number, their sum.
24
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Subtracting Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
If the result of a binary operation is always a member of the original set, the set is said to be closed under the operation. For example, the set of whole numbers is not closed under subtraction because 3 6 is not a whole number. Is each operation binary? Write yes or no. 1. the operation , where a b means to choose the lesser number from a and b yes 3. the operation sq, where sq(a) means to square the number a no 4. the operation exp, where exp(a, b) means to find the value of a b yes 5. the operation , where a b means to match a and b to any number greater than either number no
Key Terms
additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
a. 12
12
( 4)
b.
15
15
( 7)
c. 0
11
( 11)
d.
20
34
20
( 34)
Answers
e.
15
( 4)
15
A11
3 8 to 5; 13 8; 27
69
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
f. 16
( 18)
16
18
6. the operation , where a b means to round the product of a and b up to the nearest 10 yes
a. 8
11
(Lesson 2-4)
b. 5
( 8)
c. 17
14
Is each set closed under addition? Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 7. even numbers yes 9. multiples of 3 yes 11. prime numbers no; 3 8. odd numbers no; 3 10. multiples of 5 yes
d.
19
7 5 8
12. nonprime numbers
10
3. Explain how zero pairs are used to subtract with algebra tiles.
Zero pairs are not needed to subtract negative tiles. If a positive tile is to be subtracted from negative tiles, first add a zero pair. Then you can subtract one positive tile.
no; 22
31
4. Explain why knowing the rules for adding integers can help you to subtract integers.
Is the set of whole numbers closed under each operation? Write yes or no. If your answer is no, give an example. 13. multiplication: a b yes 15. exponentation: a b yes 14. division: a b no; 4 whole number 16. squaring the sum: (a
Sample answer: Since subtraction is really adding the numbers additive inverse, the rules for addition also apply to subtraction.
3 is not a
b)2 yes
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
70
25 25
Skills Practice
Multiplying Integers
Find each product. 1. 3(12) 2. 4(7) 3. 8( 8)
DATE
PERIOD
Study Guide
Multiplying Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
36
4. 5( 9) 5. 2( 9) 6. 3( 10)
The product of two positive integers is positive. The product of two negative integers is positive. The product of a positive integer and a negative integer is negative.
28
64
45
Both factors are positive, so the product is positive. 7. 0( 5) 8. 13( 4)
18
30
9. 4( 11)
0
10. 5(12) 11. 14(0)
52
12.
44
8(7)
5( 9) 5( 9)
45
60
13. 15( 4) 14. 9( 3)
0
15.
56
8(11)
Answers
4(8) 4(8)
32
A12
60
16. ( 2)(4)( 3) 5.
27
17. ( 4)( 5)( 1)
88
18. (3)(5)( 5)
24
Evaluate each expression if x 19. 3xy 20.
20
2 and y 2xy 4. 21.
(Lesson 2-5)
75
5x
24
22. 7y
16
23. 8xy 24.
10
6xy
1. 3(8) 24 4. 6(5)
2. ( 7)( 9) 63
12
7. 2( 5)(10)
30
28
Simplify each expression. 25. 3(2a) 26.
64
48
6. ( 8)( 8)( 2)
128
100
3, b
4( 3c)
27.
5( 8b)
8. 5c
15
9. 2ab
12
6a
28. (5c)( 7d)
12c
29. ( 8m)( 2n)
40b
30. ( 9s)(7t)
12. 3( 6x) 71
18x
13.
5( 7y) 35y
8pq
35cd
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
16mn
72
63st
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
25
Reading to Learn Mathematics
Multiplying Integers Key Terms
3. 4(5) factors the numbers being multiplied product the result when two or more factors are multiplied together
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Practice
25
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Multiplying Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
20 Reading the Lesson
6. 8( 6)
1. Complete: If two numbers have different signs, the one number is positive and the other number is 2. Complete the table.
1. 3( 7)
2.
2(8)
21
16
4.
7( 7)
5.
9(3)
49
9. 2( 8)
27
48
neg
.
7. 6(2)
8.
5( 7)
12
a. ( 4)(9)
35
12. 12(0)
b. ( 2)( 13) c. 5( 8) d. 6(3)
16
Multiplication Example
10.
10( 2)
11. 9( 8)
20
15. 3(5)(2)
72
Answers
13.
4( 4)(2)
14. 7( 9)( 1)
A13
30
18. 5( 3)( 2)( 1)
32
63
3. Explain what the term additive inverse means. Then give an example.
17. 6( 1)(2)(1)
48
5. 21. 4ab
12
30
2 3
(Lesson 2-5)
3 and b
19.
6b
20. 8a
4. Describe how you know that the product of 3 and you know that the product of 3 and 5 is negative.
30
24. 2ab
24
60
Sample answer: The signs are the same; the signs are different.
22.
3ab
23.
9a
45
27
30
25. 5( 5y)
26.
7( 3b)
25y
21b
18n
30. ( 8x)(7y)
12ab
73
36mn
56xy
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
74
25 26
Study Guide
Dividing Integers
Example 1: Use the multiplication problems at the right to find each quotient. 3 5 3( 5) 15, 15 3 5 3. 3. ( 5) 3. 3( 5) 15, 15 15, 15, 15 15 5 ( 5) 5 3. 15 15 15 15 a. 15 5 Since 3 5 16 8 4 2 b. 15 ( 5) Since 3 ( 5) c. 2 2 2 2 8 4 2 1 1 d. 15 5 Since 3 5 15 ( 5) Since 3 ( 5)
DATE
PERIOD
Enrichment
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
1 0 1 1 1 Use these rules to divide integers.
Our standard number system in base ten has ten digits, 0 through 9. In base ten, the values of the places are powers of 10.
A system of numeration that is used in computer technology is the binary number system. In a binary number, the place value of each digit is two times the place value of the digit to its right. There are only two digits in the binary system: 0 and 1.
The binary number 10111 is written 10111two. You can use a place-value chart like the one at the right to find the standard number that is equivalent to this number. 1 2 1 1
Answers
10111two
16 0 8 1 4 16 0 4 2 1 23
1. 11two 3 if r
2. 111two 7
The quotient of two positive integers is positive. The quotient of two negative integers is positive. The quotient of a positive integer and a negative integer is negative. 8 and s 2. Replace r with 8 and s with 3 8 12 Find each quotient. 24 24 ( 2) 12 2.
A14
6. 100101two 37 9. 15 1111two 12. 34 100010two 1. 36 9 4 2. 63 5. 14. 101two 10two 11two
20 5
4. 1001two 9
5. 11001two 25
7. 8 1000two
8. 10 1010two
10. 17 10001two
11. 28 11100two
( 7) 9
3. 25
( 1)
25 4 6
6.
4.
60
12 1
7.
13. 1two
10two 11two
18 3
1 1
8.
56 8
15. 10two
10two 1000two
1, m
3, and n
2.
10.
2n k
11. m
12.
m n
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
76
26 26
Practice
Dividing Integers
Find each quotient. 5 1. 28 7 2. 33 3 3. 24 ( 8) 3. 42 ( 6)
DATE
PERIOD
Skills Practice
Dividing Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3 4
4 4. 81 ( 9) 5. 12 4
1. 36
2.
15
12 11
( 9) 6. 28
7
6. 72 ( 9)
4.
45
( 3)
5. 81
15 9
( 4) 7. 15 15 8. 30 5
9 3
( 12) 9. 32
8
9. 40 ( 8)
7.
121
11
8.
144
11 1
( 6) 10. 56 ( 7) 11. 21
12 6
10 12. 48
5
( 3) 12. 64 8
10.
64
( 8)
11.
80
8 8
( 9) 13. 8 8 14. 5 15. 36
7
22 ( 2)
8
15. 32 ( 8)
13. 100
( 25)
14.
20
Answers
4 1
( 16) 16. 54 ( 9) ( 9) 18. 32
11
17. 60 ( 6)
4
18. 63 9
A15
2 6
( 8) 19. 45 ( 9) 2 21. 72
16. 56
( 7)
17.
63
10
20. 60 5
7
21. 24 ( 3)
19.
21
20.
18
(Lesson 2-6)
7 5
22. 24.
125 5
12
12 6
8
23.
40 10
22.
35 7
23.
39 13
24.
45 9
5
8, and g 27. 4g f 4.
25
2
Evaluate each expression if a 25. 48 a
4
4, b 26. b 3 9, and c 6.
3, f
25. f
26. 8d
27. 9c
2
30. g
5f
6 10
33.
4f g
2
28. c
28. gf
12
ab
3
29.
bc 6
6
30. b
3c
29.
df 12
16
31. d
9g
32.
2f g
6
31.
12a c
9
32.
4b a
2
33. 6
ac
12
8
77
Algebra: Concepts and Applications Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
9
78
4
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
26
Enrichment
Day of the Week Formula
The following formula can be used to determine the specific day of the week on which a date occurred. s 2m [(3m 3) 5] 2 s d m y sum day of the month, using numbers from 131 month, beginning with March is 3, April is 4, and so on, up to December is 12, January is 13, and February is 14 year except for dates in January or February when the previous year is used 1984; d y
y 4 y 100 y 400
26
NAME
DATE
PERIOD
Dividing Integers
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
For example, for February 13, 1985, d 13, m 14, and y and for July 4, 1776, d 4, m 7, and y 1776
Key Terms
additive inverses two numbers are additive inverses if their sum is 0 opposite additive inverse zero pair the result of positive algebra tiles paired with negative algebra tiles
1. Write the math sentence 18 divided by 6 two different ways. Then find the quotient.
18
3;
18 6
2. Write negative or positive to describe each quotient. Explain your answer. Explanation The signs of two numbers are the same.
Answers
Expression
Negative or Positive?
The brackets, [ ], mean you are to do the division inside them, discard the remainder, and use only the whole number part of the quotient. The next step is to divide s by 7 and note the remainder. The remainder 0 is Saturday, 1 is Sunday, 2 is Monday, and so on, up to 6 is Friday. Example: What day of the week was October 3, 1854?
A16
The signs of the two numbers are different. The signs of the two numbers are different.
a. 15
12
pos
b. 9
10
neg
3, m 10 6 3)
10, and y 5]
c. The signs of two numbers are the same. The signs of the two numbers are different.
35 7
neg
2 463 18 4 2
(Lesson 2-6)
d.
78 13
pos
e.
13x 2
neg
46 6y
pos
Since the remainder is 3, the day of the week was Tuesday. Solve. 1. See if the formula works for todays date. Answers will vary. 2. On what day of the week were you born? Answers will vary. 3. What will be the day of the week on April 13, 2006?
s 13 13 s 4 4 2(4) 8 2(7) 14 3 [(3 4
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
3. Explain how knowing the rules for multiplying integers can help you to divide integers.
Sample answer: The rules to find the sign of the answer are the same for multiplication and division. If the signs of the factors are the same, the answer will be positive. If the signs of the factors are different, the answer will be negative.
[(3
4 2006 7 1776
3) 501 3) 444
5] 20 5]
2006 4 1776 17 4 2
2006 4
2006 100
2006 400
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
80
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Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
Page 86
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Algebra: Concepts and Applications
A18
Page 88
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A19
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Algebra: Concepts and Applications
Satisfactory A generally correct solution, but may contain minor flaws in reasoning or computation
Nearly Unsatisfactory A correct solution with no supporting evidence or explanation Unsatisfactory An incorrect solution indicating no mathematical understanding of the concept or task, or no solution is given
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
A20
2), C( 3, 0)
y
O
X
Z x
d. The new triangle has the same shape, but its sides seem to be twice as long. It also seems to be rotated halfway around the origin. 2. a. A sample table is shown below for n
Quadrant of (a, b) Coordinates of (a, b) Coord. and quad. of (na, b) Coord. and quad. of (a, nb) Coord. and quad. of (na, nb) I (2, 3) ( 6, 3); II (2, ( 6, 9); IV 9); III
3.
II ( 1, 3) (3, 3); I ( 1, (3, 9); III 9); IV III (3, 3) (9, 3); IV (3, 9); II (9, 9); I IV (1, ( 3, 2) 2); III
b. Multiplying the x-coordinate by a negative number moves the point horizontally to the quadrant next to it. Multiplying the y-coordinate by a negative number moves the point vertically to the quadrant above or below it. Multiplying both coordinates by a negative number moves the point to the quadrant diagonally across from it. 3. a. b.
$990 $1320 15 $1750 25
$22 $22
$1200
c. Both clubs lost the same amount per person, $22, but members of the first club invested $970 each, while those in the second club invested $630 each.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
A21
Quiz A Page 91
2 1 0 1 2 3
1. 2.
1 4
2. 3.
3. 4. 5. 6.
4.
8
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B
57.
O x
A
7. 8. 911.
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P x R
Quiz B Page 91
1. 2.
10 0 174
(0, 4) ( 2, 3) III I
3.
4. 5.
21
( 3) 42 80 6
24
9 22 2 9x 7
A22
6. 7.
8.
$2500
Algebra: Concepts and Applications
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10. 1.
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A23
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