Unit 1 Review: Biodiversity Topics: Living vs.

. Non-living o LIVING respire, reproduce, movement of molecules, grow, respond to environment, require energy, excrete waste, metabolism (chemical reactions) o Viruses Non-living dont grow, dont reproduce by themselves, no cells made of protein shells Made of: unique protein cell, plus DNA/RNA Pathogens cause disease, are PARASITIC with host cell Methods of classification Shape o Polyhedral ex: polio o Spherical ex: HIV o Cylinder ex: tobacco mosaic virus o Head + tail ex: T4 virus (infects E.coli) Diseases that it causes Type of host cell Type of nucleic acid o DNA or RNA o Single vs double stranded; linear vs. circular Method of replication o Lysogenic vs Lytic Cycles o Lytic Cycle phage DNA is replicated with help of host cell machinery Attachment Injection Replication Assembly o Lysogenic Cycle Attachment Injection Integration Cell division In some conditions will start lytic cycle (chemicals or UV light) Examples Rhinovirus common cold HPV human papilloma viruses Corona viruses cold virus, SARS Herpes - chickenpox, shingle Uses????? Classification o Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (cell type) PROKARYOTES = bacteria cells (kingdoms) archabacteria and eubacteria

 EUKARYOTES = protests, algae, plants, animals o Domains 3 domains Bacteria unicellular, prokaryotic, cells wall have peptidogylcan, 1 kingdom = Eubacteria. makes its own food or eats other organisms Archea unicellular, prokaryotic, cell walls w/o peptidoglycan, 1 kingdom = Archaebacteria , makes its own food or eats other organisms Eukarya can be future classified to 4 kingdoms = Protistia, fungi, Plantae, Animalia o Taxonomy - science of naming, identifying, and classifying species Dumb Kids Playing Catch On Freeway Get Smashed Domain Bacteria, Archea or Eukarya Kingdom Eubacteria, Archaebacteria or Protistia, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species o Dichotomous Key (purpose? how to use? how to create?) o Binomial Nomenclature (what is it? purpose?) Made by Linnaeus, two part naming system, 1rst being the genus and the second the name of the species o Modern classification ?? Bacteria (archeabacteria & eubacteria) o Classification methods Cell Shape Spherical multiple cocci Rod shape multiple bacilli ex: E Coli Spiral shaped multiple spirochetes ex: lyme disease Cell Wall Structure Cell wall outside cell membrane o Mostly peptioglycan (thick coat of sugar) o Some peptioglycan then extra membrane Motility Lack all movement Use flagella Spiral-shaped use corkscrew motion Or use other factor/organism to travel (glide on slimy mucous) o Diagrams PG32 o Get nutrition Heterotroph from environment, or eating other organisms ex: E. coli Photoautotroph sunlight ex: cyanobacteria Photoheterotroph Heterotroph + Photoautotroph Chemoheterotroph - energy from chem. reactions o Reproduction Binary fission (like mitosis)

SEXUAL Transformation DNA pieces from environment Conjunction 2 cells temporarily join and exchange DNA. Involves plasmids Transduction get from bacteriaphages which carry genes from one cell and inject to others

can cause diseases like TB, or STDS more harmless though break down food in intestines, cycle nutrients in biosphere, decompose organic matter, convert nitrogen gas from atmosphere into nitrogen compounds for plants o ENDOSPORE? Protists o Classification methods; diagrams o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Fungi o Classification ; diagrams o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Plants o Classification; pictures o Reproduction o Examples & role/importance o Applications & climate change Animals o Classification o Examples for each phylum (body support/movement & nervous tissue) o Vertebrates Human Impact on Biodiversity o Habitat loss o Invasive species o Pollution o Overexploitation o Climate change (which is also specific at the end of each kingdom section)

o Role

Test Format: Multiple Choice (knowledge/understanding) Diagrams (knowledge/understanding, communication) Interpretation (thinking/inquiry questions) Short Answers/Long Answer (communication, application)