1)PAKISTANS RAILWAYS;

IMPORTANT RAILWAY LINES OF PAKISTAN:

Karachi-Peshawar Main Line via Rohri, Khanewal, Lahore & Rawalpindi Rohri-Quetta Khanewal-Faisalabad Lahore-Faisalabad Lahore-Sialkot via Narowal

Advantages: i. It facilitates long distance travel and transport of bulky goods which are not easily transported through motor vehicles. ii. It is a quick and more regular form of transport because it helps in the transportation of goods with speed and certainty. iii. It helps in the industrialization process of a country by easy transportation of coal and raw-materials at a cheaper rate. iv. It helps in the quick movement of goods from one place to another at the time of emergencies like famines and scarcity. v. It encourages mobility of labour ad thereby provides a great scope for employment. vi. Railway is the safest form of transport. The chances of accidents and breakdown of railways are minimum as compared to other modes of transport. Moreover, the traffic can be protected from the exposure to sun, rain snow etc. vii. The carrying capacity of the railways is extremely large. Moreover, its capacity is elastic which can easily be increased by adding more wagons. viii. It is the largest public undertaking in the country. Railways perform many public utility services. Their charges are based on charge what the traffic can bear principles which helps the poor. In fact, it is a national necessity.

DISADVANTAGES: Railway engines and wagons are expensive. Rail tracks are difficult and expensive to maintain. The train stops at the station only. Railway transports bulky low quality goods. Does not encourage industrial estates because of the increasing transport exchange as they are built at distance. For long distances fast trains are preferred. DEVELOPMENT:
The resurgence of railways worldwide is due to the recognition that this is the most sustainable form of land-based mass transport both for passenger and freight segments

Replacement of steam engines with diesel engines. Introduction of faster trains from Karachi to Lahore like Shalimar express. Establishment of railway workshops. Manufacture of spare parts in factories of Islamabad etc. Karachi Circular Railway was built to ease the transportation.