Calculus III - Chapter 12 Tests

Geometric Series
n=1

updated: 10/04/2012

arn-1 = n=0 arn = a + ar + ar2 + arn-1 } sum= a/(1-r) where: a= first term, r= ratio if |r| < 1 the series converges if |r| 1 the series diverges

P-Series? Geometric? Harmonic? Divergent

n=1 arn-1

Harmonic Series
n=1

Comparison Limit Comparison

(1/n) = 1 + (1/2) + (1/3) + (1/4) + (1/5) = divergent

P-series
n=1

1/np if p 1 then the series diverges if p > 1 then the series converges

Ratio/Root Test

Divergent Test limn an } does not exist then an is divergent limn an } 0 then an is divergent Non-Limit Comparison Test Let 0 an bn 1) If bn converges, then an converges 2) If an diverges, then bn diverges Limit Comparison Test Let an > 0, bn > 0 limn (an/ bn) = C 1) If C 0, then an and bn have the same convergence 2) If C = 0, then an and bn also converges 3) If C = , then an diverges and bn also diverges Alternating

Integral

Calculus III - Chapter 12 Tests

Integral Test
n=1

updated: 10/04/2012

an = n=1 (n) 1 (x)dx

assuming that: (x) is continuous, positive, and decreasing [ (x) = negative ]

n=1

an converges ==== 1 (x)dx converges

Alternating Series
n=1

(-1)n-1 bn

If bn > 0, bn decreases 0 for all of n { bn+1 bn for all of n } Then n=1 (-1)n-1 bn converges Absolute/Conditional Convergence
n=1

1) 2) 1) 2)

an converges absolutely if n=1 an converges n=1 |an| also converges an converges conditionally if n=1 an converges n=1 |an| diverges

n=1

Ratio Test Let limn |an+1| / |an| = L (L may be ) 1) If L < 1, n=1 an converges absolutely 2) If L > 1, n=1 an diverges 3) If L = 1, not the same convergence and another test must be done Root Test Let limn n|an| = L (L may be ) 1) If L < 1, n=1 an converges absolutely 2) If L > 1, n=1 an diverges 3) If L = 1, not the same convergence and another test must be done