Question 1

1 out of 1 points Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: erogenous zones erogenous zones

Feedback: Correct. Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as erogenous zones. Question 2 0 out of 1 points Therapeutic approaches that are based on the belief that all normal and abnormal behavior is learned are ________ therapies. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cognitive behavior

Feedback: Incorrect. Cognitive therapists see distorted thinking as the cause of abnormal behaviors. Question 3 1 out of 1 points What did Freud perceive as the outcome of successful resolution of the Oedipus complex? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: identification with the same-sex parent identification with the same-sex parent

Feedback: Correct. Freud believed identification with the same-sex parent is the result of a successful resolution of the Oedipus complex. Question 4 0 out of 1 points A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 5 Which of the following is an advantage of behavior therapy? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 6 A goal of family therapy is to ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: change the needs of individual family members improve family communication and interaction It treats the underlying cause of the problem. It is a relatively quick and efficient way to reduce symptoms. 0 out of 1 points learned behaviors of depression negative interpretations of life events 0 out of 1 points

Feedback: Incorrect. In family therapy no one person is seen as the problem. Question 7 1 out of 1 points The form of behavioral therapy in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is called ________.

Selected Answer: Correct Answer:

aversion therapy aversion therapy

Feedback: Correct. Aversion therapy pairs an undesirable behavior with an unpleasant, or aversive, stimulus. Question 8 0 out of 1 points The therapist's feeling of respect and affection for the client that exists without any strings attached, no matter what the client may say or do, is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 9 empathy unconditional positive regard

0 out of 1 points The kind of therapy that uses biological treatments such as medication, surgical methods, and electrical shock treatments to bring about changes in the person's disordered behavior is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: electroconvulsive shock therapy biomedical therapy

Feedback: Incorrect. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Lulu sees a therapist once a week. During her therapy sessions, she discusses issues and events that have impacted her life. Her therapist helps her to understand how these events and issues have affected her. The type of therapy Lulu is seeking is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: psychotherapy psychotherapy

Feedback: Correct. Psychotherapy involves talking things out with a professional. Question 11 0 out of 1 points Carl Rogers emphasized accepting people for what they are, not for what you would like them to be. This acceptance is termed ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: unconditional esteem unconditional positive regard

Feedback: Incorrect. Rogers's term conditional positive regard refers to the kind of acceptance that requires a person to meet certain expectations. Question 12 In Gestalt therapy, the therapist is ________ and ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 13 passive; directive active; directive 0 out of 1 points

0 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT an Axis I disorder of the DSM-IV-TR?

Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 14

factitious disorders personality disorders

0 out of 1 points Which of the following is a disorder that takes the form of a bodily ailment that has no physical cause? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: anxiety somatoform

Question 15

0 out of 1 points Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychology disorders? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: the psychophysiological model the biopsychosocial model

Question 16

1 out of 1 points Which of the following is the term used to describe a sudden onset of extreme panic with various symptoms including racing heart, rapid breathing, and sweating? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: panic attack panic attack

Feedback: Correct. A panic attack is a sudden onset of extreme panic with physical symptoms. Question 17 0 out of 1 points Freud believed that the ________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 18 preconscious mind unconscious mind

1 out of 1 points What major conclusion about personality traits emerged from the Minnesota twin study? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Identical twins are more similar than any other type of sibling. Identical twins are more similar than any other type of sibling.

Feedback: Correct. Identical twins, who share the same genes, are more similar in personality than are any other type of siblings. Question 19 0 out of 1 points Which of the following concepts is NOT found in the humanistic perspective of personality? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: each person is unique self-efficacy

Feedback: Incorrect. The self-actualizing tendency is a major part of the humanistic perspective of personality. Question 20 1 out of 1 points A type of therapy in which clients meet regularly in a group setting and discuss problems under the guidance of a single therapist is called ________ therapy. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: group group

Feedback: Correct. Group therapy is a type of therapy in which a group of clients meets together with a specific therapist. Question 21 0 out of 1 points A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: systematic desensitization flooding

Feedback: Incorrect. Systematic desensitization gradually exposes the client to the feared object while using relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety, not exposing a client to the feared object in a sudden manner. Question 22 The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 23 behavior emotion 0 out of 1 points

1 out of 1 points Fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible if something should go wrong is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: agoraphobia agoraphobia

Feedback: Correct. Agoraphobia is fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or impossible. Question 24 0 out of 1 points The ________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 25 naturalistic biological

1 out of 1 points When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they ________. Selected Answer: use a variety of approaches

Correct Answer:

use a variety of approaches

Feedback: Correct. When assessing personality, many psychologists take the eclectic view, which means they use a variety of approaches. Question 26 1 out of 1 points Disorders in which there is a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination are called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: dissociative disorders dissociative disorders

Feedback: Correct. Dissociative disorders are characterized by a break in conscious awareness, memory, the sense of identity, or some combination. Question 27 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is one of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitivebehavioral therapies? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 28 They focus too much on the past. They treat the symptom not the cause of the problem.

0 out of 1 points People with ________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: schizophrenic personality

Feedback: Incorrect. People with schizophrenia suffer from disorder thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality. Question 29 1 out of 1 points Therapy that depends on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs is ________ therapy. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cognitive cognitive

Feedback: Correct. Cognitive therapy focuses on identifying and changing distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs. Question 30 1 out of 1 points Someone who was interested in measuring a person's source traits, as described by Raymond Cattell, would use the ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) Sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF)

Feedback: Correct. The 16PF was developed by Cattell to measure source traits. Question 31 1 out of 1 points There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did

what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: ego ego

Feedback: Correct. The ego is rational, logical, and cunning. Question 32 1 out of 1 points Marty is moody, manipulative, unstable, lacks a clear sense of identity, and often clings to others. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is suffering from ________ personality disorder. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: borderline borderline

Feedback: Correct. Marty's moodiness, manipulativeness, instability, lack of identity, and untrusting behavior are symptoms of borderline personality disorder. Question 33 1 out of 1 points A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called ________ disorder. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: obsessive-compulsive obsessive-compulsive

Feedback: Correct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one in which intruding thoughts occur again and again and are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts. Question 34 1 out of 1 points Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing is primarily used for treatment of ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: post-traumatic stress disorder post-traumatic stress disorder

Feedback: Correct. EMDR is primarily used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Question 35 1 out of 1 points Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and worry are characteristic of ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: anxiety disorders anxiety disorders

Feedback: Correct. Excessive or unrealistic fearfulness and anxiety are characteristic of anxiety disorders. Question 36 1 out of 1 points Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits have ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: confirmed what twin studies have shown confirmed what twin studies have shown

Feedback: Correct. Adoption studies focusing on the heritability of traits report findings similar to those of twin studies. Question 37 1 out of 1 points Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which an individual lives? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social norm deviance social norm deviance

Feedback: Correct. Social norm deviance is a definition of abnormality based on the standards of society. Question 38 0 out of 1 points The ________ theory of personality has its basis in the theories of learning, and focuses on the effects of environment on one's personal characteristics and actions. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 39 trait behaviorist

0 out of 1 points ________ therapies have been used not only to treat mental disorders but also to help people make career choices, deal with workplace problems, and as a form of marriage counseling. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Psychoanalytic Humanistic

Question 40

0 out of 1 points Linda is afraid of cats because when she was a little girl a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Linda learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the best explanation of Linda's fear? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: psychoanalytic behavioral

Question 41

1 out of 1 points In the case, The Accident That Didn't Happen, Dr. S. says that his obsessions and compulsions were based on Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him knowing it, influence his behavior. a fear that his aggressive impulses would, without him knowing it, influence his behavior.

Question 42

1 out of 1 points The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behaviors is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: behavior modification behavior modification

Feedback: Correct. Behavior modification includes learning techniques that help in modifying behaviors.

Question 43

1 out of 1 points Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: a psychological disorder a psychological disorder

Feedback: Correct. A psychological disorder is defined as any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life. Question 44 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 45 Most cultural research methods are too vague to be validated. Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures.

0 out of 1 points A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: depression and schizophrenia depression and manic episodes

Question 46

1 out of 1 points When a patient arrives in the emergency room, he is restless and irritable with unlimited energy and a rapid rate of speech. The attending psychiatrist believes the patient has taken cocaine or amphetamines and admits him for observation. The next day the symptoms are the same. What condition with symptoms that are similar to those associated with amphetamine use might the psychiatrist now consider as a condition that is relevant to the diagnosis? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: mania mania

Feedback: Correct. Restlessness, irritability, and rapid speech are characteristic of both amphetamine use and mania. Question 47 0 out of 1 points Studies on the effectiveness of psychotherapy have found that ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy is the most effective treatment for every problem no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem

Feedback: Incorrect. Studies have found that no one psychotherapy worked for every type of problem. Question 48 0 out of 1 points What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage? Selected Answer: We could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance.

Correct Answer: Question 49

We could become fixated at that stage.

0 out of 1 points What do Abraham Maslow's and Carl Rogers's theories have in common? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: They focus on unconscious motivation. They believe that each human being is free to choose his or her own destiny.

Question 50

1 out of 1 points Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are all examples of ________ disorders. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: mood mood

Feedback: Correct. Major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder are mood disorders. Question 51 1 out of 1 points The most important aspect of successful psychotherapy is the ________ between client and therapist. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: therapeutic alliance therapeutic alliance

Feedback: Correct. It is the relationship between client and therapist that is key to effective therapy. Question 52 1 out of 1 points The person-centered therapist must show a genuine, open, and honest response to the client. This is called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: authenticity authenticity

Feedback: Correct. Showing a genuine, open, and honest response to the client is referred to as authenticity. Question 53 What are the Big Five personality traits? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism 1 out of 1 points

Feedback: Correct. These are the five traits of the Big Five model. Question 54 1 out of 1 points What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? Selected Answer: Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Correct Answer:

Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

Feedback: Correct. With a phobia the sufferer knows exactly what they are afraid of, while with generalized anxiety disorder the trigger of the tension and worry is not clear. Question 55 1 out of 1 points What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.

Feedback: Correct. Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another. Question 56 1 out of 1 points Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Feedback: Correct. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine all play a role in the development of mood disorders. Question 57 0 out of 1 points Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 58 "If it feels good do it" best describes the ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: preconscious id high levels of thyroxine low levels of melatonin 0 out of 1 points

Feedback: Incorrect. Freud used the term ego for the aspect of personality that makes rational decisions and solves conflicts. Question 59 1 out of 1 points Most psychological professionals today take a(n) ________ view of psychotherapy. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: eclectic eclectic

Feedback: Correct. The current trend in the field is to take an eclectic perspective. Question 60 1 out of 1 points The use of objects that can be traded for food, candy, treats, or special privileges with the purpose of reinforcing behavior is called ________.

Selected Answer: Correct Answer:

token economy token economy

Feedback: Correct. A token economy involves awarding tokens for good behavior that can be traded for desired items or privileges. Question 61 1 out of 1 points Using Hofstede's dimensions of cultural personality, how would you describe a culture characterized by loose ties between individuals, shared activities among friends, autonomy, and equality? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: individualistic individualistic

Feedback: Correct. These are attributes that Hofstede attributed to individualistic cultures. Question 62 1 out of 1 points A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment, person, and behavior. This psychologist is most likely a ________ psychologist. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: social cognitive social cognitive

Feedback: Correct. Social cognitive psychologists focus on the interaction of environment, person, and behavior. Question 63 1 out of 1 points Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as ________ disorders. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: mood mood

Feedback: Correct. Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in emotion. Question 64 0 out of 1 points Dr. Shedrika uses a form of therapy that emphasizes revealing his clients' unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires, which he believes are the cause of his clients' disordered emotions and behavior. This therapist is most likely using ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 65 For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: id superego behavior therapy psychoanalysis 0 out of 1 points

Feedback: Incorrect. The ego is a mediator, not a moral voice. Question 66 The primary purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to ________. 0 out of 1 points

Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 67

help psychologists assess only normal behavior help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders

0 out of 1 points According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: anal stage oral stage

Question 68

0 out of 1 points What of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: generalized anxiety disorder major depressive disorder

Question 69

0 out of 1 points Which of the following is a therapy based on the principles of classical conditioning? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: reinforcement systematic desensitization

Feedback: Incorrect. Reinforcement is based on the principles of operant conditioning. Question 70 0 out of 1 points Your friend has applied to several medical schools. After receiving one rejection letter, she concludes that she will not be admitted to any school and feels depressed. Your friend is engaging in ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 71 arbitrary inference overgeneralization

1 out of 1 points The main advantage of personality inventories over projective tests and interviews is ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: inventories are standardized inventories are standardized

Feedback: Correct. Standardization is a positive aspect of inventories. Question 72 1 out of 1 points What type of drugs are the traditional antianxiety drugs, or minor tranquilizers, such as Valium? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: benzodiazepines benzodiazepines

Feedback: Correct. The traditional antianxiety drugs, such as Valium, are

benzodiazepines. Question 73 0 out of 1 points A therapist challenges what she sees as her client's irrational and self-defeating thoughts. Her goal is to help her client change these thoughts into more rational, helpful, positive thoughts. In addition, she wants to help her client develop strategies that can be used to cope with future problems. She is probably a ________ therapist. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: Question 74 Gestalt cognitive-behavioral

0 out of 1 points Therapies directed at changing the disordered behavior are referred to as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: insight therapies action therapies

Question 75

0 out of 1 points The psychoanalytic patient who lets her thoughts flow without interruption or fear of negative criticism from her therapist is using ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: positive transference free association 0 out of 1 points An advantage to group therapy is that groups ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: allow an extremely shy person to feel more comfortable speaking up are a source of social support

Question 76

Question 77

0 out of 1 points Lydia is a divorced mother who attends meetings with peers who share the same problems and stressful situations. There is no professional facilitating these meetings. What type of sessions is Lydia attending? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: family therapy self-help group

Question 78

0 out of 1 points A person who is suffering from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, and hallucinations and who is unable to distinguish between fantasy and reality is likely suffering from _______. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: bipolar disorder schizophrenia

Question 79

1 out of 1 points Therapies aimed mainly at understanding one's motives and actions are referred to as ________. Selected Answer: insight therapies

Correct Answer:

insight therapies

Feedback: Correct. Insight therapy emphasizes understanding one's motives and actions. Question 80 1 out of 1 points The person-centered therapist has to be able to acknowledge and understand what the client is feeling and experiencing. This process is referred to as ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: empathy empathy

Feedback: Correct. Empathy is defined as acknowledging and understanding the client's feelings and experiences. Question 81 0 out of 1 points What did Carl Rogers view as a cause of most personal problems and unhappiness? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: unresolved unconscious conflicts occurring between the id and superego mismatch between an individual's ideal self and real self

Feedback: Incorrect. Freud, not Rogers, viewed unresolved unconscious conflicts between the id and superego as the cause of personal problems. Question 82 0 out of 1 points Which of the following statements describes the relationship between temperament and personality? Selected Answer: Correct Answer: personality, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's temperament is built. temperament, which we are born with, is the basis upon which one's personality is built.

Feedback: Incorrect. Temperament refers to that which is determined before birth while personality is influenced by both biology, before birth and environment, after birth. Question 83 1 out of 1 points False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called ________. Selected Answer: Correct Answer: hallucinations hallucinations

Feedback: Correct. Hallucinations are false sensory perceptions. Question 84 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures? Selected Answer: The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression.

Correct Answer:

The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression.

Feedback: Correct. Researchers believe women's higher rate of depression is linked to social roles.