Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Table of Contents
SD
Financial Accounting
FI
MM
CO
Controlling Fixed Asset Mgmt.
Product Planning
PP
AM
QM
SAP R/3
PM HR
Human Resources Office & Comm.
PS
OC
Project System
IS
Industry Solutions
LC TM
FI
Travel Management
Cash Management
Financial Accounting
Legal / Statutory Accounts Standard Ledgers Master Data Integrates with Controlling
Controlling
Management Accounts Manage Budget Expenditure
Chart of Accounts
Company Codes
Chart of Accounts
COA YCCA
Company Code
Company Code
It is an independent accounting entity. A company code is assigned to a chart of accounts. Each company code in A Group uses the G/L accounts from only one chart of accounts for account validation. This is called the operating chart of accounts. A chart of accounts can be used by multiple companies provided they have the same basic account requirements.
Financial Accounting
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Master Data
Account Groups Maintenance
Creation at 2 Levels
Chart of Accounts Data Company Code Data
Cost Elements
Creation
GL Account Groups
A Grp COA Number Ranges
YCCA AA YCCA CASH YCCA EXP YCCA G.BS YCCA MAT YCCA REV
Fixed Assets Accounts Liquid Funds Accounts Expense Accounts General Balance Sheet Accounts Material Management Accounts Revenue Accounts
Account Groups
Description:
Currency Tax-related
1
Assets
2
Liabilities
3
Equity
1
Current financial assets and shortterm capital
NonMaterial Primary Revenue operainventory cost elements ting elements costs, revenue
9
Secondary cost elements
Primary cost elements Primary cost element External order settlement P&L accounts Secondary cost elements Internal activity allocation Assessment Overheads Internal order settlement
G/L accounts Balance sheet accounts Accounts posted to directly, such as bank accounts Accounts posted to indirectly, such as reconciliation accounts Revenue account
FI
Expense accounts
Revenue elements
Revenue element Sales deduction
Financial Accounting
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Transaction Processing
SAP R/3 supports the following transactions: Journal (JV) Processing
Document Principle Document Structure
Foreign Currency documents Parked documents Posting with Reference Reversing / Canceling documents
Holding an incomplete document Simulate (Enough Info to Complete Posting?) No Create/Display a Parked Document
Header
Line items
Total:
1,000,000 1,000,000
Each document consists of two segments: header and line items. After posting it receives a unique document number. A Grp. will use the standard document types of SAP. The system assigns the document numbers automatically.
9000000000
8000000000 7000000000 6000000000 Current numbers
External numbering
01 Internal numbering defined until fiscal year in the future Current numbers 00 Internal numbering defined per fiscal year 1998 1999 2000 2001...
5000000000
4000000000 3000000000 2000000000 1000000000 0000000000
Dates:
Document Date, Posting Date, Translation Date, Entry Date (automatic), Period.
Posting keys
Field no Relevant for postings on accounts of this type? yes Posted with which posting key? PK ... PK ... Posted on which account? suppress
Account
Priority
Line items
During document entry, certain fields need to be filled in. For example, when posting expenses, a cost center and tax information is usually required. Tax fields are only ready for entry if the general ledger account is set up as tax-relevant.
Posting a document
Posting functions
Simulate your document - press the Simulate button: Or post it immediately - press Save button (F11)
For every Company Code theres defined a company code currency, ie, every company code has a local currency. Every document, posted in different currency than company code currency, is processed as a foreign currency document. Accounting documents can be posted in a foreign currency The foreign currency is converted to local currency and both are stored in the document along with the exchange rate
2.
3.
1. Exchange rate can be entered manually, 2. Or derived from Exchange Rates Table 3. System automatically translates the foreign currency into CC currency.
Reference Documents
Document # 1 (Reference Document):
Header:
Line Items:
PK 40 50 50 Account 123000 345560 907902 Amount 5000 2000 3000
01/03/2003
Document # 2:
Line Items:
PK 40 50 50 Account 123000 345560 907902 Amount 5000 2000 3000
Reference documents are either accounting documents or sample documents that are used as a reference to post an accounting document.
Reverse a GL document
Many documents may be reversed at the same time, Process may be scheduled to be performed in the background.
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Account balance
Account Balances display Opening Balance (Carry forward Balance from previous year)
Totals of all transactions for each posting period broken down for Debits and Credits
From these figures the system calculates the following for the account balance function
Balance per posting period Accumulated balance for the account
Line items
Line items can be displayed on G/L accounts which are managed with Line Item display
Line items are displayed on-line Line Items can be totaled and sorted according to user requirements Additional fields can be added to the Line Item display screen Alternative custom defined Line Layouts can be defined
3
Open items represent transactions that are incomplete. You can only clear open items for accounts that are open item managed.
The balance of an open item managed accounts are the reconciliation items.
Reversal of Clearing
Reversal of clearing
Reversal of documents that were cleared before is not possible, First the clearing operation must be reset.
Financial Accounting
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Posting Periods
Company Code Data Company Code FY Variant 0001 R1 Fiscal Year Variants K4 R1 V3 Same as Calendar Year Shortened Fiscal Year Non-Calendar Fiscal Year
Calendar Year
Year 2003
Properties
FY Variants Calendar Year Year-Dependent No. of Post. Per. No. of Special Per.
Periods
R1
C 12 2
R1
Period 10 11 12 01 09 Year -1 -1 -1
GL Account Clearing
Automatic Payment
Bank Statement
A typical example of an open item is, for instance, a bank clearing account. A transaction is cleared when an offset value is posted to an item or group of items, so that the resulting balance of the items is zero.
items for G/L Accounts, Vendors and Customers can be cleared automatically by running the Clearing Program Set up predefined criteria for automatic clearing (Configuration) Program groups those items from an account that have the same
Trading Partner ID Reconciliation Number Currency in which the General Ledger is updated Four freely definable criteria
Accounts
xxxxxx ------------------------------xxxxxx ------------------------------xxxxxx ------------------------------xxxxxx -------------------------------
Accruals and deferrals can be handled automatically by the SAP R/3 system Accrual/Deferral Documents are created on a monthly basis to record expenses/income which were anticipated but not yet realized Once a transaction has been approved, it can be set up and run automatically each month. The recurring entry program helps to maintain Accruals / Deferrals postings
Standard Journal Posting Has a reversing date Reversal Date can be any date in the future Monthly job is scheduled to reverse all Accrual/Deferral Documents automatically
Posting Parameters
First run on Last run on Interval in months Run Date Run Schedule 01/01/2002 12/01/2002 01 15 ____
03/01/2002 ___________________ 02/01/2002 ___________________ ___________________ 01/01/2002 ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________
Document s Header
Line items
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting
Reporting
SAP system offers number of reports that help analyzing entered business transactions:
Financial Statement Version (Balance Sheet and P&L) Account Balances Line Items Documents Master Data
Reporting Requirements
Cash Flow
FI
External Reporting
Statement
CO
Internal Reporting
Cost Product Cost Center Profit Center
Statement Versions are set up to represent the balance sheet and P+L statement according to your own specific requirements
Can be created for different legal entities Can be created in different Languages Are executed in desired currency i.e. Local, Group Using the Financial Statement you specify Line items to be included in the Financial Statement Sequence the line items are displayed The COA and the accounts that are displayed in the Financial Statement The totals that are presented on the Financial Statement
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Report Tree
1 SAP Menu
2 Transaction SA38
Report Tree
1 SAP Menu
2 Transaction SA38
Report Execution
Report Execution
Variant Selection
Dynamic selection
Report Variant
2 2) Press Save button
Financial Accounting
Process decompositions are the starting point for our process documentation. They summarise what is involved in a the GL process at a high level
General Ledger
Master Data
Transaction Processing
Periodic Processing
Reporting