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Introduction to Tajweed
Definition of Tajweed: Tajweed (
) is an Arabic word meaning correct pronunciation during recitation. Tajweed is an Arabic word for elocution, (meaning to improve, to make better, to embellish) meaning proper pronunciation during recitation, as well as Qur'an recitation at a moderate speed. It is a set of Tajweed rules which govern how the Qur'an should be read There are ten (tawtur) schools of Quran Recitation, the most prevalent of which is the recitation of Imam 'Asim as transmitted by Imam Hafs. It is a set of rules which dictate how the Qur'an should be read. It comes from the root word 'ja-wa-da' meaning to make well, make better or improve. Tajweed of the Holy Qur'an is the knowledge and application of the rules of recitation to the reading of the Qur'an as the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), recited. Allah orders: Pronounce the Quran carefully (with tarteel). According to verified sources the Messenger said: Study the Quran with the Arabic melody and sounds.

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Importance of Tajweed:
Allah Taala says in the noble Quran, And recite the Quran with Tarteel (in a slow pleasant tone and style). The Prophet Muhammad ( ) has said: Indeed Allah desires that the Quran be recited in the manner it was revealed. When asked about the meaning of Tarteel, Ali (Radhiallaahu Anhu) replied, It means that the Quran should be recited with Tajweed and with due observance to the rules of Waqf (pausing or stopping at the end of the verse). The Quran is in Arabic language and Arabic language is very sensitive language. The Qur'an can lose its meaning if the letters are not pronounced correctly. Due to the vastness of the Arabic language, any small mistake in pronunciation of a letter or word may change the meaning of that word. For example, the word Qalb (with q) means heart, if read Kalb (with k), it will mean a dog So just as how in any other language we learn pronunciation of letters and words, for example, in English we learn that ph stands for f (as in phone) and not pone. Similarly, in the Arabic language, we also have to learn pronunciation of letters and words, which we term as Tajweed. We should remember that from the time and generation of the Prophet (Sallallaahu Alayhi Wasallam) till now, no one has ever denied this fact that Tajweed is definitely important. It is only now in our generation that people have lost respect and forgotten the status of Tajweed. May Allah give us the ability to read the Quran correctly so that we may earn the mercy of Allah Taala.

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Manners of Reading Qur`an:

Purity of body and cloths and place (Wadu). Seeking refuge from the rejected Satan and reading the Basmalah. Avoiding cutting off reading to talk with people. Understanding of the origin of the words. Presence of the heart while reading (Through this the reader should throw away other thoughts while reading the Quran.). Humbleness and crying when reading(When reciting the Holy Qur'an, one should create an expression of fear and absolute respect to the greatness of the words of Allah Ta'ala, as if to say that the reciter is in the presence of his Creator.). The Holy Qur'an must be read for the pleasure of Allah Ta'ala and for His happiness. The Holy Qur'an must be read with proper pronunciation, knowing and applying the basic rules of Tajweed.

Rules for Recitation of The Qur'an:

Only ritually clean (tahir) persons can recite the Qur'an. The Qur'an can be touched by a person who is ritually clean after ablution (wudu'). The Qur'an can be recited from one's memory in a state of sitting, standing, walking or reclining with or without wudu'. A menstruating woman is allowed to recite an ayah by breaking it into two parts and exercising a pause in between if she is teaching the Qur'an to people. Such a person is not allowed to recite an ayah without introducing a break.

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Rules of Tajweed:

Bold Letters

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The Rules of the letter ( '( )RA')

Raa has some exceptions. It may be bold or soft: 1. Tafkheem (thick/bold) 2. Tarqeeq (soft/thin)

Tafkheem:
To produce this sound the back of the tongue rises in the mouth. This elevation of the tongue produces a thick or heavy sound. 1. It is bold when it has fatha or Dhumma upon it.

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2. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a fattah or dammah.
3. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a Kasrah and the letter after the Raa is Bold letter that Doesnt carry a kasrah then Raa will be Bold. E.g. 4. When it (Raa) carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries a helping Kasrah (not the original)

Tarqeeq (soft/thin): Raa will be soft when: 1. when it carries a Kasrah.

2. When it carries a sukoon and the letter before it carries

an original Kasrah in the same word. e.g

3. When it (Raa) carries a sukoon (due to stopping) and the letter before it is and the letter before it is Yaa

e.g
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The Rule of Laam ( Laam)

The letter Laam can also be pronounced as Bold or Soft. 1. The letter Laam in the name of Allah will be bold when it is preceded by Fatha or Dhumma. E.g , 2. The letter Laam in the name of Allah will be Soft when it is preceded by Kasrah e.g.

Harakaat (movements)
There are three Harakaat (movements) in Arabic: Fatha or zabr ( Kasrah or zer ( Dhumma or pesh ( , , ). ) ).

Sukoon (jazm) Link sign:

If a letter is without a Harkat sign is call Saakin (resting) letter, and a sign ( ) appears on this letter is called sukoon or jazm. E.g

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Silent Letters:
The letters having no sign on them are called silent letters. Since they do not produce any sound of their own therefore, they should be overlooked.

Tanveen:
Double Fatha, double Kasra and double dhumma are called noon tanveen. It means a single Harkat (movement) with a hidden noon saakin. Instead of writing a Harkat and noon saakin separately, the respective Harkat sign is doubled. Thus letter noon saakin is sounded but not written.

Noon Saakin and Tanween

A noon saakin () and tanween are considered the same because the sound of a tanween sounds just like a noon saakin. Because of this similarity, the two take the same rules.

Ghunnah (nasal sound)

A Ghunnah is the making of a sound from the nasal. or Saying the voice of noon and meem completely into the nose for a while is called ghunnah, whereas Ikhfaa mean hiding the voice of noon and meem partially into nose.

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Maddah Letters
There are three Madda letters:

1. Alif Madda (

): When is followed by a letter which has Fatha sign on it.

When Alif has no movement and the letter before Alif has a Fatha/zabr on it, then Alif is called Alif Madda. Alif Madda will be prolonged for two seconds.

E. g

Standing Fatha

It is also equal to Alif Madda and will be prolonged for 2 seconds.

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2. Wao Madda

When Wao has a sakoon/Jazm and the letter before Wao has Dhummah/pesh on it, then it is called Wao Madda and will be prolonged for two seconds.

Standing Dhummah/pesh

It is equal to Wao Madda and will be prolonged for 2 seconds.

Yaa Madda
When Yaa Kasrah/zer

: has a Sakoon and letter before Yaa has a on it, then it is called Yaa Madda and it will

be prolonged for two seconds.

Standing Kasrah/zer

It is equal to Yaa Maddah and will be prolonged for 2 seconds.

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Leen Letters
There are two Leen Letters: Wao and Yaa

1. Wao Leen

When Wao has a Sakoon/Jazm on it and the letter before Wao has Fatha/zabr on it, then it is called Wao leen.

2. Yaa Leen

When Yaa has a Sakoon/Jazm on it and the letter before Yaa has Fatha/zabr on it, then it is called Yaa leen.

Note (We shall discuss all types of MADD in our next lessons)

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Qalqalah Letters (Echo)

Qalqalah mean echo sound or jerking sound. When we read Qalqalah letters, then there should be a bounce on the letter. There are five Qalqalah letters:

These letters are arranged into two words.

When these letters come in The Quran with Sakoon ( ), we make an echo (bouncing) sound after Sakoon by opening the lips. We shall pronounce them with more force when there is a shaddah ( ) on the letter and little lighter when there is Sakoon/Jazm. e.g.

Shaddah
If a tashdeed ( ) sign appears over a letter, then that letter is said twice. The firs time having Sukoon and the second time with Harkat. A letter having tashdeed sign is called Mushaddad. If tashdeed sign appears over noon or meem, then noon and meem be recited with ghunnah.

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Idgham (merging)
Idgham /merging mean to mix up one thing into another. When two letters having a similar point of articulation or similar kind, appears side by side first letter with Sakoon and second letter with tashdeed then in such cases the letter with Sakoon will merge (suppressed or not pronounced)with second letter. For example:

The rules of Noon Saakin and Tanveen

There are four rules of noon Saakin and noon Tanveen: Izhaar (Saying clearly) Idghaam (Merging or mixing) Iqlaab (Converting or changing) Ikhfaa (Hiding)
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1. Izhaar:(Saying clearly)
To pronounce the letters from their makhraj (point of pronunciation), clearly and distinctly, without any changes. If any throat letter comes after noon Saakin or noon Tanveen then it (noon) will be read without ghunnah (Nasal sound).

2. Idghaam (Merging or mixing)

It is also called Idghaam e Yarmaloon. There are six yarmaloon letters . ).

These letters are arranged into a word (

When any Yarmaloon letter comes after noon Saakin or noon Tanveen then Idghaam rule will apply. The Idghaam rule is divided into two categories:

1. Idghaam with Ghunnah:

There are four letters that make up this sub group of Idghaam. These four letters are , when any one of these letters followed by noon Saakin or Tanveen then there will be partial or incomplete Idghaam (Idghaam with Ghunnah/nasal sound). Examples:

2. Idghaam without Ghunnah:

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Idgaam without Ghunnah is also called complete merging or complete Idghaam. The sound of noon will disappear completely in case of complete merging. When one of these two letters ( ) followed by noon Saakin or Tanveen then there will be complete merging. Examples:

NOTE The rule of Idghaam will be applied on a provided it is the last letter of the word. If it appears in the middle of a word, then there will be no Idghaam There are only 4 such words in the entire Quran to which this rule applies. 1) 2) 3) 4)

3. Iqlaab (Converting or changing)

The changing of noon Saakin and noon Tanveen into Meem when followed by a Baa , with the observance of the ghunnah. It can be defined as: If letter comes after noon Saakin or Tanveen then noon is changed into Meem with nasal sound. Examples:

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There are three things necessary for Iqlaab: Changing the noon Saakin and Tanveen into Meem. Hiding this Meem by closing lips and then separating with Baa . Observing a ghunnah while hiding the Meem. Note(This rule occurs when a small meem ( pot no sraeppa ( of an Empty Noon ( ,)whenever this happens you will find that the letter immediately after will be a baa ())

4. Ikhfaa (Hiding)
If after noon Saakin or noon Tanveen any other letter appears except the six throat letters, Yarmaloon letters and the letter Baa, then the noon Saakin or Tanveen be recited with Ikhfaa. We will hide the sound (voice) of noon into nose for a while. Ikhfaa appears whenever a Tanveen or Noon Saakin is followed by any of the 15 letters below:

Examples:

Note (The tongue should be a small distance from the two top incisors when hiding the noon)

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The Rules of Meem Saakin

It means a Meem free from any vowel, and which has a fixed Sukoon when continuing reading and when stopping. There are three rules for Meem Saakin: 1. Izhaar e Shafwi 2. Idghaam e Shafwi 3. Ikhfaa e Shafwi 1. Izhaar e Shafwi: If any letter, except Meem Meem Saakin any Ghunnah. and Baa comes after

, then it (Meem) read normally without

2. Idghaam e Shafwi: If two Meem comes together at the same time then these are merged to one another and Idghaam will take place with nasal sound. If Meem is followed by Meem Saakin then ,)merge them together and read them with Nasal sound.

3. Ikhfaa e Shafwi:
If letter Baa comes after Meem Saakin , then we hide the sound of Meem into Baa and Ikhfaa will take place with nasal sound. If Baa comes after Meem Saakin, then the pronunciation of Meem will be hidden with nasal sound. Examples:

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MADD (Prolongation)
We already discussed about Maddah and Leen letters now we are going to read Madd. Madd depends upon Maddah letters. Madd means to prolong the sound of a vowel. Madd sign indicates to prolong (stretch) the Maddah letters (Alif, Wao and Yaa) or Leen letters (Wao and Yaa). There is several kind of Maad, but we should understand the basic Madds: 1. 2. 3. 4. Madd e Muttasil (long Madd) Madd e Munfasil (short Madd) Madd e arith Waqfi Madd e Lazim

1. Madd e Muttasil (long Madd)

The MADD in which after Maddah letters, the next letter is Hamzah in the same word is called MADD e Muttasil or long MADD. It is prolonged from 2 to 6 measures of Harakaat (4 to 6 seconds)

2. Madd e Munfasil (short Madd)

The MADD in which after Maddah letters, the next letter is Hamzah in the beginning of the next letter is called Madd e Munfasil. It is optional and may be prolonged from 4 to 5 measures of Harakaat (4 to 5 seconds)

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3. Madd e Aarith Waqfi

The Madd in which after Maddah or Leen letter, the Harkat of the last letter of the word changed into a sukoon which is temporary due to stopping, is called Madd e Aarith Waqfi. It is optional and may be prolonged from 4 to 5 measures of Harakaat (4 to 5 seconds).

4. Madd e Lazim
The Madd in which after Maddah letter, there is an original sukoon or shaddah in the Same word or in the staring of next word is called Madd e Lazim. It is prolonged from 2 to 6 measures of Harakaat (4 to 6 seconds).

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The Rules of Stopping (Waqf)

Definition: 'To stop on the last letter of a complete word, which is disconnected from the word after it, and giving the last letter a sukoon and by breaking the breath, then taking a new breath to read the next word.' (Jami-ul-waqaf)

The proper way to stop in a word is by putting a sukoon ( ) on the last letter of the word. If there is a harkat ( ) or tanween ( ) on the last letter of a word before a stop, that letter is made into a sukoon.

E.g.

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How to Pause (Waqf)

If a pause is made at any word for any reason, in most case the last letter of a word must be made saakin. Exception: Double Fatha and the letter

If a pause id made over a tashdeed letter at the end of a word, its harkat will drop, but the letter must be pronounced with the force in order to distinguish between a sukoon and a tashdeed. There are many other punctuation marks that generally appears in the middle or end of a verse. The detail of this is beyond the scope of this course. As a general rule for the beginner, make a pause whenever on find such marks namely, Exception: Will be read as If it is a tanween before Alif then the last word is pronounced as an Alif. Will be read as If the last letter is a 'taa marbutah' or circle Taa (), it is read as 'ha' () Will be read as If the last letter of a word contains a 'hamzah' ( ), the harkat on hamzah is changed into a sukoon ( ), and the hamzah is read clearly. A common mistake when stopping at a hamzah is not to indicate the presence of the hamzah at all. Will be read as

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Rule of Noon Qutni

When the hamzah al-wasl, conjunctive hamzah appears after a Tanveen for continuous recitation the Tanveen should be converted into Nun maksur and the letter with Tanveen retains a single harakah. This Nun is called Nun Qutni. An Arabic rule, in some instances if there is a letter with Tanveen and next letter is Hamzah then the Tanveen is written into two separate components: 1. Tanveen will change into corresponding single vowel 2. A tiny Noon with Kasrah is written under Hamzah.

The Rule of Ana:

If anywhere in the Quran the word Anaa appears, it will be read as Notice the second Alif which was connected to the is ignored

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SAJDA-E-TILAWAT
Significance and Fazeelat of Sajdah e Tilawat: Abu Huraira reported that Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said: When a person while reciting the Quran reaches the point of Sajdah in the surah and he does a sajdah then the Shaitaan cries and separates himself from that person and wails O Disaster! When he was commanded to do Sajdah, he performed sajdah, thus for him there are the gardens of jannah. When I was commanded to do sajdah I did not do sajdah, and for me there is The Fire. (Sahih Muslim). There are 14 places in the Quran where if one comes to that point while reciting, one should do Sajdah (prostration).

HOW TO PERFORM A SAJDA-E-TILAWAT Sajda e Tilaawat will be performed like a normal Sajda. Wudhu is a condition.

1. Face the Qiblah and without raising the hands;

2. Recite Takbeer (Allahu Akbar), whilst going down in the Sajda position; 3. In Sajda, recite Subhaana rabbiyal a'alaa (3 times); 4. Thereafter, you may go from the Sajda position into Tashahhud position (reciting AllahuAkbar like normal)

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The Sajdah-e-Tilaawat is now complete. There is no need for Salaam.

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