Clculo Diferencial e Integral - Dos mtodos de integracin. Prof. Farith J. Briceo N.

Objetivos a cubrir Cdigo : MAT-CDI.8

Integracin : Integrales por sustitucin trigonomtrica.
Integracin : Integrales por descomposicin en fracciones simples.
Ejercicios resueltos
Ejemplo 1 : Integre
Z
dx
p
x
2
5
Solucin : Hacemos el cambio trigonomtrico
x =
p
5 sec t; dx =
p
5 sec t tan t dt
la integral se transforma en
_
dx
p
x
2
5
=
_
p
5 sec t tan t dt

_
p
5 sec t
_
2
5
=
_
p
5 sec t tan t dt
p
5 sec
2
t 5
=
_
p
5 sec t tan t dt
_
5 (sec
2
t 1)
=
_
p
5 sec t tan t dt
p
5 tan t
=
_
sec t dt = ln jsec t + tan tj + C;
como
x =
p
5 sec t =) sec t =
x
p
5
=) cos t =
p
5
x
=
c:a:
hip
Para calcular tan t en funcin x nos podemos ayudar con el tringulo rectangular, con a =
p
5
x = a sec t =) sec t =
x
a
Por Pitgoras c:o: =
p
x
2
a
2
as,
tan t =
c:o:
c:a:
=
p
x
2
5
p
5
:
Luego
_
dx
p
x
2
5
= ln

x
p
5
+
p
x
2
5
p
5

+ C1 = ln

x +
p
x
2
5
p
5

+ C1 = ln

x +
_
x
2
5

+ C;
donde,
C = C1 ln
p
5:
F
Ejemplo 2 : Integre
Z
p
4 x
2
dx
Solucin : Hacemos el cambio trigonomtrico
x = 2 sen t; dx = 2 cos t dt
la integral se transforma en
_
p
4 x
2
dx =
_
_
4 (2 sen t)
2
2 cos t dt = 2
_
p
4 4 sen
2
t cos t dt
= 2
_
_
4 (1 sen
2
t) cos t dt = 4
_
p
cos
2
t cos t dt = 4
_
cos
2
t dt;
donde,
_
cos
2
t dt =
_
1 + cos 2t
2
dt =
t
2
+
1
4
sen 2t + C1 =
t
2
+
1
2
sen t cos t + C1;
as,
_
_
4 x
2
dx = 4
_
t
2
+
1
2
sen t cos t + C1
_
= 2t + 2 sen t cos t + C;
como
x = 2 sen t =) sen t =
x
2
=
c:o:
hip
=) t = arcsen
_
x
2
_
1
Para calcular cos t en funcin x nos podemos ayudar con el tringulo rectangular, con a = 2
x = a sen t =) sen t =
x
a
Por Pitgoras c:a: =
p
a
2
x
2
as,
cos t =
c:o:
hip
=
p
4 x
2
2
;
es decir,
_
_
4 x
2
dx = 2 arcsen
_
x
2
_
+ 2
x
2
p
4 x
2
2
+ C = 2 arcsen
_
x
2
_
+
x
p
4 x
2
2
+ C:
Luego
_
_
4 x
2
dx = 2 arcsen
_
x
2
_
+
x
p
4 x
2
2
+ C:
F
Ejemplo 3 : Integre
Z
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 3
Solucin : Hacemos el cambio trigonomtrico
x =
p
3 tan t; dx =
p
3 sec
2
t dt
la integral se transforma en
_
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 3
=
_
p
3 sec
2
t dt
p
3 tan t

_
p
3 tan t
_
2
+ 3
=
_
sec
2
t dt
tan t
p
3 tan
2
t + 3
=
_
sec
2
t dt
tan t
p
3 sec
2
t
=
_
sec
2
t dt
tan t
p
3 sec t
=
1
p
3
_
sec t
tan t
dt;
donde,
_
sec t
tan t
dt =
_
1
cos t
sen t
cos t
dt =
_
1
sen t
dt =
_
csc t dt = ln jcsc t cot tj + C;
as,
_
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 3
=
1
p
3
ln jcsc t cot tj + C;
como
x =
p
3 tan t =) tan t =
x
p
3
=
c:o:
c:a:
Para calcular csc t en funcin x nos podemos ayudar con el tringulo rectangular, con a =
p
3
x = a tan t =) tan t =
x
a
Por Pitgoras hip =
p
x
2
+ a
2
as,
csc t =
hip
c:o:
=
p
3 + x
2
x
y cot t =
1
tan t
=
p
3
x
:
Luego
_
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 3
=
1
p
3
ln

p
3 + x
2
x

p
3
x

+ C:
F
Ejemplo 4 : Integre
Z
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
dx
Solucin : Observemos que el grado del polinomio del numerador, 2, es menor que el grado del polinomio del denominador, 3, por lo tanto, no se
dividen los polinomios. Adems, el denominador ya est factorizado.
2
Escribimos las fracciones simples correspondientes
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
=
A
x 1
+
B
(x 1)
2
+
C
x + 2
:
Buscamos los valores de las constantes A, B y C,
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
=
A
x 1
+
B
(x 1)
2
+
C
x + 2
=
A(x 1) (x + 2) + B (x + 2) + C (x 1)
2
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
;
de aqu,
2x
2
6x + 7 = A(x 1) (x + 2) + B (x + 2) + C (x 1)
2
:
Para obtener los valores de las constantes le damos valores arbitrarios a x
Si x = 1, entonces
2 (1)
2
6 (1) + 7 = A((1) 1) ((1) + 2) + B ((1) + 2) + C ((1) 1)
2
=) 3 = 3B =) B = 1
Si x = 2, entonces
2 (2)
2
6 (2) + 7 = A((2) 1) ((2) + 2) + B ((2) + 2) + C ((2) 1)
2
=) 27 = 9C =) C = 3
Si x = 0, entonces
2 (0)
2
6 (0) + 7 = A((0) 1) ((0) + 2) + B ((0) + 2) + C ((0) 1)
2
=) 7 = 2A + 2B + C;
como B = 1 y C = 3, se tiene que 7 = 2A + 2 (1) + (3), de aqu, A = 1:
Entonces
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
=
A
x 1
+
B
(x 1)
2
+
C
x + 2
;
por lo tanto,
_
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
dx =
_
1
x 1
dx +
_
1
(x 1)
2
dx +
_
3
x + 2
dx:
La primera integral del lado derecho de la igualdad se resuelve haciendo el cambio de variable
u = x 1; du = dx;
as,
_
1
x 1
dx =
_
du
u
= ln juj + C1 = ln jx 1j + C1:
La segunda integral del lado derecho de la igualdad se resuelve haciendo el mismo cambio de variable
u = x 1; du = dx;
y la integral se transforma en
_
1
(x 1)
2
dx =
_
du
u
2
=
1
u
+ C2 =
1
x 1
+ C2:
La tercera y ltima integral del lado derecho de la igualdad la resolvemos haciendo el cambio de variable
u = x + 2; du = dx;
se obtiene
_
3
x + 2
dx = 3
_
du
u
= 3 ln juj + C3 = 3 ln jx + 2j + C3:
Finalmente
_
2x
2
6x + 7
(x 1)
2
(x + 2)
dx = ln jx 1j
1
x 1
+ 3 ln jx + 2j + C:
F
Ejemplo 5 : Integre
Z
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
dx
Solucin : Observemos que el grado del polinomio del numerador, 2, es menor que el grado del polinomio del denominador, 3, por lo tanto, no se
dividen los polinomios. Adems, el denominador ya est factorizado, puesto que, el polinomio p (x) = x
2
+ 2x + 2 no es factorizable en los nmeros
reales.
3
Escribimos las fracciones simples correspondientes
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
=
A
2x + 4
+
Bx + C
x
2
+ 2x + 2
:
Buscamos los valores de las constantes A, B y C,
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
=
A
2x + 4
+
Bx + C
x
2
+ 2x + 2
=
A
_
x
2
+ 2x + 2
_
+ (Bx + C) (2x + 4)
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
;
de aqu,
x
2
+ 8x + 14 = A
_
x
2
+ 2x + 2
_
+ (Bx + C) (2x + 4) :
Para obtener los valores de las constantes le damos valores arbitrarios a x
Si x = 2, entonces
(2)
2
+ 8 (2) + 14 = A
_
(2)
2
+ 2 (2) + 2
_
+ (B (2) + C) (2 (2) + 4) =) 2 = 2A =) A = 1
Si x = 0, entonces
(0)
2
+ 8 (0) + 14 = A
_
(0)
2
+ 2 (0) + 2
_
+ (B (0) + C) (2 (0) + 4) =) 14 = 2A + 4C;
como A = 1, se tiene que 14 = 2 (1) + 4C, de aqu, C = 3
Si x = 1, entonces
(1)
2
+ 8 (1) + 14 = A
_
(1)
2
+ 2 (1) + 2
_
+ (B (1) + C) (2 (1) + 4) =) 23 = 5A + 6B + 6C;
como A = 1 y C = 3, se tiene que 23 = 5 (1) + 6B + 6 (3), de aqu, B = 0:
Entonces
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
=
1
2x + 4
+
3
x
2
+ 2x + 2
;
por lo tanto,
_
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
dx =
_
1
2x + 4
dx +
_
3
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx =
1
2
_
dx
x + 2
+ 3
_
dx
x
2
+ 2x + 2
:
La primera integral del lado derecho de la igualdad se resuelve haciendo el cambio de variable
u = x + 2; du = dx;
as,
_
dx
x + 2
=
_
du
u
= ln juj + C1 = ln jx + 2j + C1:
Para la segunda integral del lado derecho de la igualdad completamos cuadrado
x
2
+ 2x + 2 = (x + 1)
2
+ 1 =)
_
dx
x
2
+ 2x + 2
=
_
dx
(x + 1)
2
+ 1
;
hacemos el cambio de variable
u = x + 1; du = dx;
y la integral se transforma en
_
dx
x
2
+ 2x + 2
=
_
du
u
2
+ 1
= arctan u + C2 = arctan (x + 1) + C2:
Luego
_
x
2
+ 8x + 14
(2x + 4) (x
2
+ 2x + 2)
dx =
1
2
ln jx + 2j + 3 arctan (x + 1) + C:
F
Ejercicios
1. Calcular las siguientes integrales haciendo la sustitucin trigonomtrica apropiada.
1:
Z
dx
p
16 x
2
2:
Z
dx
p
4 3x
2
3:
Z
dt
7 + 2t
2
4:
Z
d
p
9 +
2
5:
Z
dx
p
3x
2
2
4
6:
Z
dx
p
ax
2
b
7:
Z
y dy
(y
2
+ 4)
5=2
8:
Z
y
2
dy
(y
2
+ 4)
5=2
9:
Z
dx
p
a bx
2
10:
Z
5t
p
1 + t
2
dt
11:
Z
dx
(4x
2
25)
3=2
12:
Z
cos x dx
sen
2
x 6 senx + 12
13:
Z
dx
(1 + x
2
)
2
14:
Z
p
2t t
2
dt
15:
Z
e
t
p
9 e
2t
dt 16:
Z
p
5 4t t
2
dt 17:
Z
x
2
p
5 x
2
dx 18:
Z
dx
p
x
2
+ 4x + 5
19:
Z
dx
x
4
p
x
2
2
20:
Z
3x
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5
dx 21:
Z
p
9x
2
4
x
dx 22:
Z
dx
p
4x x
2
23:
Z
e
x
dx
p
1 + e
x
+ e
2x
24:
Z
dx
p
16 + 6x x
2
25:
Z
t dt
p
a
4
t
4
26:
Z
x dx
p
4x x
2
27:
Z
2x + 1
x
2
+ 2x + 2
dx 28:
Z
2x 1
x
2
6x + 18
dx 29:
Z
p
e
2t
9 dt 30:
Z
sent cos t
9 + cos
4
t
dt
31:
Z
sec
2
2x
9 + tan
2
2x
dx 32:
Z
lnx dx
x
p
1 4 lnx ln
2
x
33:
Z
3x
2
2x
2
+ 5
dx 34:
Z
x
3
p
7 + x
2
dx
35:
Z p
x
(x + 6)
2
dx 36:
Z
tan
7
x + tan
5
x
tan
4
(=4) + tan
4
x
dx 37:
Z
dx
x
2
p
x
2
5
38:
Z
p
e
3x
dx
(e
x
+ e
x
)
5=2
39:
Z
e
3x
dx
(e
2x
9)
3=2
40:
Z
x
2
dx
p
8x
3
x
6
13
41:
Z
dx
p
9 x
2
42:
Z
dx
p
3 x
2
43:
Z
dx
p
x
2
4
44:
Z
dx
p
x
2
5
45:
Z
dx
16 + x
2
46:
Z
dx
2 + x
2
47:
Z
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 3
48:
Z
dx
p
9x
2
+ 6x 8
49:
Z
dx
x
2
p
1 x
2
50:
Z
p
1 x
2
x
dx 51:
Z
dx
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5
52:
Z
x
2
(a
2
x
2
)
3=2
dx 53:
Z
dx
x
p
x
2
+ 9
54:
Z
p
x
2
a
2
x
4
dx 55:
Z
dx
x
3
p
x
2
16
56:
Z
dx
(5 4x x
2
)
5=2
57:
Z
p
1 4r
2
dr 58:
Z
t
p
4 t
2
dt 59:
Z
x
2
p
4 9x
2
dx
60:
Z
2x 1
p
x
2
4x + 5
dx 61:
Z
t
3
dt
p
t
2
+ 4
62:
Z
x dx
p
1 x
2
63:
Z
x
2
p
9 x
2
dx
64:
Z
e
2x
dx
p
1 + e
2x
+ e
4x
65:
Z
dx
x
2
p
16x
2
9
66:
Z
dx
x
2
p
x
2
+ 9
67:
Z
dx
p
x
2
+ 4x + 8
68:
Z
senx dx
p
cos
2
x + 4 cos x + 1
69:
Z
4x
2
7 + 5x
2
dx 70:
Z
x dx
p
x
2
+ 6x
71:
Z
dx
p
x
2
+ 6x
72:
Z
sen2xsenx
sen
2
x + 5
dx 73:
Z p
x
(x 4)
2
dx 74:
Z
dx
x(1 x
2
)
3=2
75:
Z
dx
p
x
2
8x + 19
76:
Z
x dx
p
x
4
8x
2
+ 3
77:
Z
x 1
x
3=2
+
p
x
dx 78:
Z
e
2x
dx
6e
x
6e
x
79:
Z

x
2
1

5=2
dx
80:
Z
dx
p
x + x + 2
81:
Z
dx
p
x x
2
82:
Z
dx
3x
2
x + 1
83:
Z
x dx
x
4
4x
2
+ 3
84:
Z
x
3
p
4 9x
2
dx 85:
Z
dx
x
2
+ 2x
86:
Z
dx
x
2
+ 2x + 5
87:
Z
dx
(x
2
+ 2x + 2)
2
88:
Z
dx
p
2 + 3x 2x
2
89:
Z
p
t t
2
dt 90:
Z
sec
2
x dx
p
tan
2
x 2
91:
Z
x
2
dx
x
2
6x + 10
5
92:
Z
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5 dx 93:
Z
p
t
2
+ 1 dt 94:
Z
p
t
2
4
t
2
dt 95:
Z
dx
p
x
2
+ px + q
96:
Z
dt
(t + 1)
p
t
2
+ 2t
97:
Z
x
2
dx
p
9 x
2
98:
Z
senx dx
16 + cos
2
x
99:
Z
2y + 1
p
y
2
+ 9
dy
100:
Z
p
1 2t t
2
dt 101:
Z
a
x
dx
1 + a
2x
102:
Z
y
3
dy
(y
2
+ 4)
3=2
103:
Z
dx
p
1 6x x
2
104:
Z
3x 6
p
x
2
4x + 5
dx 105:
Z
x
2
dx
p
4x x
2
106:
Z
y dy
p
16 9y
4
107:
Z
(2x + 1) dx
x
2
+ 2x + 2
108:
Z
2x 1
x
2
6x + 18
dx 109:
Z
t
2
dt
(t
2
+ 1)
2
110:
Z
2x 3
p
4 x
2
dx 111:
Z
3x dx
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5
112:
Z
2x 1
p
x
2
4x + 5
dx 113:
Z
dz
z
p
1 z
2
114:
Z
y
2
dy
(9 y
2
)
5=2
115:
Z
(2x 8) dx
p
1 x x
2
116:
Z
p
2 x x
2
dx 117:
Z
dt
p
t
2
2t + 26
118:
Z
sen2x + cos x
sen
2
x + senx 2
dx
119:
Z
dt
p
16 + 6t t
2
120:
Z
dt
p
16 + 4t 2t
2
121:
Z
2t dt
p
t
2
2t + 26
2. Calcular las siguientes integrales utilizando descomposicin en fracciones simples.
1:
Z
x
2
+ 1
x
2
x
dx 2:
Z
dx
x
2
x 2
3:
Z
2 dx
x
2
+ 2x
4:
Z
3t
2
6t + 2
2t
3
3t
2
+ t
dt 5:
Z
5t + 3
t
2
9
dt
6:
Z
3x
3
dx
x
2
+ x 2
7:
Z
2 dx
x
2
1
8:
Z
x
4
+ 8x
2
+ 8
x
3
4x
dx 9:
Z
x
2
dx
(x + 1)
3
10:
Z
dx
x
2
(x 1)
2
11:
Z
x
3
+ x
(x 3)
2
dx 12:
Z

5x
2
+ 6x + 9

dx
(x 3)
2
(x + 1)
2
13:
Z
dt
t
2
(t + 1)
2
14:
Z
x
3
4x
(x
2
1)
2
dx
15:
Z

x
3
+ 1

dx
(x
2
4x + 5)
2
16:
Z
x
2
+ 19x + 10
(x 3)
2
(2x + 1)
2
dx 17:
Z
dx
9x
4
+ x
2
18:
Z
dx
x
4
+ x
2
+ 1
19:
Z

x
4
+ 1

dx
x
4
+ x
2
20:
Z
x
2
2x 1
(x
2
+ 3) (x
2
+ 1)
dx 21:
Z
x
3
dx
(1 + x
2
)
2
22:
Z
x
2
dx
(x
3
+ 4x)
2
23:
Z
dx
(x
4
+ x
2
+ 1)
2
24:
Z
4x
2
+ 3x + 6
(x
2
+ 2)
2
(x
2
+ 3)
2
dx 25:
Z
x
4
dx
x
4
1
26:
Z
x + 1
x
3
1
dx
27:
Z
x + 4
x(x
2
+ 4)
dx 28:
Z
dx
(x + 1) (x
2
+ x + 1)
2
29:
Z
dx
x
3
+ 3x`2
30:
Z
(x 6) dx
x
2
2x
31:
Z
x
3
+ x + 1
x(x
2
+ 1)
dx 32:
Z
dx
(x 1) (x + 2) (x + 3)
33:
Z
9 dx
8x
3
+ 1
34:
Z

t
2
+ 2

dt
t (t
2
+ 1)
35:
Z
2x
3
x
x
4
x
2
+ 1
dx 36:
Z
x
2
3
x
3
+ 4x
2
+ 5x + 2
dx 37:
Z
dx
x
3
1
38:
Z
dx
x
3
+ x
2
+ x
39:
Z

5x
3
+ 2

dx
x
3
5x
2
+ 4x
40:
Z
(20x 11) dx
(3x + 2) (x
2
4x + 5)
41:
Z
dt
(t
2
+ 1)
3
42:
Z
(x + 2) dx
x
2
(x
2
1)
43:
Z
(x 11) dx
x
2
+ 3x 4
44:
Z

x
3
8x
2
1

dx
(x + 3) (x 2) (x
2
+ 1)
45:
Z
dx
2x
3
+ x
46:
Z
5x 2
x
2
4
dx
47:
Z
dt
(t + 2)
2
(t + 1)
48:
Z
x
2
dx
2x
3
+ 9x
2
+ 12x + 4
49:
Z
dx
16x
4
1
50:
Z
18 dx
(4x
2
+ 9)
2
6
51:
Z
(17x 3) dx
3x
2
+ x 2
52:
Z
x
2
4x 4
x
3
2x
2
+ 4x 8
dx 53:
Z
dx
x
3
+ 1
54:
Z
4 + 5x
2
x
3
+ 4x
dx
55:
Z
(t + 3) dt
4t
4
+ 4t
3
+ t
2
56:
Z

2x
2
+ 41x 91

dx
(x 1) (x + 3) (x 4)
57:
Z
e
x
dx
e
4x
1
58:
Z
e
5x
dx
(e
2x
+ 1)
2
59:
Z
(4x 2) dx
x
3
x
2
2x
60:
Z
2x
2
3x 36
(2x 1) (x
2
+ 9)
dx 61:
Z
dx
x
2
4
62:
Z

t
2
+ 2

dt
t (t
2
1)
63:
Z
dt
(t + a) (t + b)
64:
Z
2x
3
+ 5x
2
+ 16x
x
5
+ 8x
3
+ 16x
dx 65:
Z
x
6
dx
x
2
16
66:
Z
x
2
dx
x
2
+ x 6
67:
Z
5x
3
4x
x
4
16
dx 68:
Z
dx
x(3 lnx) (1 lnx)
69:
Z
t
3
dt
t
3
8
70:
Z
t
3
1
4t
3
t
dt
71:
Z
cos x dx
senx + sen
3
x
72:
Z
x
2
+ 3x + 3
x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1
dx 73:
Z
t
2
dt
t
4
8t
74:
Z
x 3
x
3
+ x
2
dx
75:
Z
(5x + 7) dx
x
2
+ 4x + 4
76:
Z

3x
2
+ 7x

dx
x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 11x + 6
77:
Z
30x
2
+ 52x + 17 24x
3
9x
4
6x
3
11x
2
+ 4x + 4
dx
78:
Z

x
4
+ 1

dx
x(x
2
+ 1)
2
79:
Z
x
2
3x 7
(2x + 3) (x + 1)
dx 80:
Z
x
4
+ 3x
3
5x
2
4x + 17
x
3
+ x
2
5x + 3
dx
81:
Z
(3x 13) dx
x
2
+ 3x 10
82:
Z

2x
3
+ 9x

dx
(x
2
+ 3) (x
2
2x + 3)
83:
Z
x
2
5x + 9
x
2
5x + 6
dx
84:
Z
x
2
8x + 7
(x
2
3x 10)
2
dx 85:
Z
5x
2
11x + 5
x
3
4x
2
+ 5x 2
dx 86:
Z
x
2
+ x + 2
x
2
1
dx
87:
Z
2x 3
(x
2
3x + 2)
2
dx 88:
Z
x
4
6x
3
12x
2
+ 6
x
3
6x
2
+ 12x 8
dx 89:
Z
2x
2
+ x 8
x
3
+ 4x
dx
90:
Z
5x
2
+ 3x 2
x
3
+ 2x
2
dx 91:
Z
6x
2
+ 22x 23
(2x 1) (x
2
+ x 6)
dx 92:
Z
x
2
+ 2x 1
27x
3
1
dx
93:
Z
2x
2
x + 2
x
5
2x
3
+ x
dx 94:
Z

sec
2
x + 1

sec
2
x
1 + tan
3
x
dx 95:
Z
x
2
4x + 3
x(x + 1)
2
dx
96:
Z
6x
2
2x 1
4x
3
x
dx 97:
Z
2x
2
+ 3x + 2
x
3
+ 4x
2
+ 6x + 4
dx 98:
Z
(x 2) dx
2x
2
+ 7x + 3
99:
Z
3x + 5
(x
2
+ 2x + 2)
2
dx 100:
Z
dx
(x
2
4x + 3) (x
2
+ 4x + 5)
101:
Z
(2x + 21) dx
2x
2
+ 9x 5
102:
Z
x
2
+ 19x + 10
2x
4
+ 5x
3
dx 103:
Z
3x
2
21x + 32
x
3
8x
2
+ 16x
dx 104:
Z
3x
2
x + 1
x
3
x
2
dx
105:
Z
2x
4
2x + 1
2x
5
x
4
dx 106:
Z
2x
2
+ 13x + 18
x
3
+ 6x
2
+ 9x
dx 107:
Z
2t
2
+ t 4
t
3
t
2
2t
dt
108:
Z

x
2
+ x

dx
x
3
x
2
+ x 1
109:
Z
5x
2
3x + 18
9x x
3
dx 110:
Z
x
3
x
4
+ 2x
2
dx
111:
Z
x
2
+ 3
x
3
+ x
2
2x
dx 112:
Z
x dx
x
3
+ 2x
2
+ x + 2
113:
Z
2x
2
x + 2
x
5
+ 2x
3
+ x
dx
Respuestas: Ejercicios
1:1: arcsen
1
4
x + C; 1:2: arcsen
p
3
2
x + C; 1:3:
p
14
14
arctan
p
14
7
t + C; 1:4: ln

+
_

2
+ 9

+ C;
1:5:
p
3
3
ln

p
3x +
p
3x
2
2

+ C; 1:6:
p
b
b
ln

p
ax +
p
ax
2
b

+ C; 1:7:
1
24
_
y
2
+ 4
_
3=2
+ C; 1:8:
1
12
y
3
(y
2
+4)
3=2
+ C;
1:9: arcsen
_ p
b
p
a
x
_
+ C; 1:10:
5
3
_
1 + t
2
_
3=2
+ C; 1:11:
1
25
x
p
4x
2
25
+ C; 1:12:
p
3
3
arctan
_
sen x3
p
3
_
+ C;
7
1:13:
1
2
arctan x +
1
2
x
x
2
+1
+ C; 1:14:
1
2
arcsen (t 1) +
1
2
(t 1)
p
2t t
2
+ C; 1:15:
9
2
arcsen
_
e
t
3
_
+
1
2
e
t
p
9 e
2t
+ C;
1:16:
9
2
arcsen
_
t+2
3
_
+
t+2
2
p
5 4t t
2
+ C; 1:17:
5
2
arcsen
p
5
5
x
1
2
x
p
5 x
2
+ C; 1:18: ln

p
x
2
+ 4x + 5 + x + 2

+ C;
1:19:
1
4
p
x
2
2
x

1
2
_
x
2
2
_
3=2
x
3
+ C; 1:20: 3
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5 3 ln

p
x
2
+ 2x + 5 + x + 1

+ C; 1:21:
p
9x
2
4 2 arccos
_
2
3x
_
+ C;
1:22: arcsen
_
x2
2
_
+ C; 1:23: ln
_
1 + 2e
x
+ 2
p
1 + e
x
+ e
2x
_
+ C; 1:24: arcsen
_
x3
5
_
+ C; 1:25:
1
2
arcsen
_
t
2
a
2
_
+ C;
1:26: 2 arcsen
_
x2
2
_

p
4x x
2
+ C; 1:27: arctan (x + 1) + ln

x
2
+ 2x + 2

+ C; 1:28: ln

x
2
6x + 18

+
5
3
arctan
_
x3
3
_
+ C;
1:29: 3
p
e
2t
9 3 arccos
_
e
t
_
+ C; 1:30:
1
6
arctan
_
cos
2
t
3
_
+ C; 1:31:
1
6
arctan
_
tan 2x
3
_
+ C;
1:32: 2 arcsen
_
2+ln x
p
5
_

_
1 ln
2
x 4 ln x + C; 1:33:
3
2
x
3
p
10
4
arctan
p
10
5
x + C; 1:34:
1
3
p
x
2
+ 7
_
x
2
14
_
+ C;
1:35:
p
6
6
arctan
__
x
6
_

p
x
x+6
+ C; 1:36:
1
2
tan
2
x
1
2
arctan
_
tan
2
x
_
+ C; 1:37:
1
5x
p
x
2
5 + C;
1:38:
1
3
1
_
(e
2x
+1)
3

1
p
e
2x
+1
+ C; 1:39:
1
2187
_
_
e
2x
9
e
2x
_
3

1
729
_
e
2x
e
2x
9

2
729
_
e
2x
9
e
2x
+ C; 1:40:
1
3
arcsen
p
3
3
_
4 x
3
_
+ C;
1:41: arcsen
x
3
+ C; 1:42: arcsen
p
3
3
x + C; 1:43: ln

x +
p
x
2
4

+ C; 1:44: ln

x +
p
x
2
5

+ C; 1:45:
1
4
arctan
x
4
+ C;
1:46:
p
2
2
arctan
p
2
2
x + C; 1:47:
p
3
3
ln

p
x
2
+3
x

p
3
x

+ C; 1:48:
1
3
ln

3x + 1 +
p
9x
2
+ 6x 8

+ C; 1:49:
1
x
p
1 x
2
+ C;
1:50:
p
1 x
2
+ ln

1
x

p
1x
2
x

+ C; 1:51: ln

x + 1 +
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5

+ C; 1:52:
x
p
a
2
x
2
arcsen
x
a
+ C;
1:53:
1
3
ln

p
9+x
2
x

3
x

+ C; 1:54:
1
3a
2
_
x
2
a
2
x
2
_
3=2
+ C; 1:55:
1
128
arccos
_
4
x
_
+
1
32
p
x
2
16
x
2
+ C;
1:56:
1
243
(x+2)
3
(54xx
2
)
3=2
+
1
81
x+2
p
54xx
2
+ C; 1:57:
1
4
arcsen (2r) +
1
2
r
p
1 4r
2
+ C; 1:58:
1
3
p
4 t
2
_
t
2
4
_
+ C;
1:59:
2
27
arcsen
_
3x
2
_

x
72
_
4 9x
2
_
3=2
+
x
3
2
p
4 9x
2
+ C; 1:60: 2
p
x
2
4x + 5 + 3 ln

x 2 +
p
x
2
4x + 5

+ C;
1:61:
1
3
p
t
2
+ 4
_
t
2
8
_
+ C; 1:62:
p
1 x
2
+ C; 1:63:
81
8
arcsen
_
x
3
_

x
8
_
9 x
2
_
3=2
+
x
3
8
p
9 x
2
+ C;
1:64:
1
2
ln
_
2e
2x
+ 1 + 2
p
e
4x
+ e
2x
+ 1
_
+ C; 1:65:
1
9x
p
16x
2
9 + C; 1:66:
1
9x
p
x
2
+ 9 + C;
1:67: ln

x + 2 +
p
x
2
+ 4x + 8

+ C; 1:68: ln

cos x + 2 +
p
cos
2
x + 4 cos x + 1

+ C; 1:69:
4
5
x
2
p
35
25
arctan
_p
35
7
x
_
+ C;
1:70:
p
x
2
+ 6x 3 ln

x + 3 +
p
x
2
+ 6x

+ C; 1:71: ln

x + 3 +
p
x
2
+ 6x

+ C; 1:72: 2 sen x 2
p
5 arctan
_p
5
5
sen x
_
+ C;
1:73:
1
4
ln

p
x2
p
x+2

p
x
x4
+ C; 1:74:
1
p
1x
2
+ ln

1
p
1x
2
x

+ C; 1:75: ln
_
x4
3
+
p
x
2
8x + 19
_
+ C;
1:76:
1
2
ln

x
2
4 +
p
x
4
8x
2
+ 3

+ C; 1:77: 2
p
x 4 arctan
p
x + C; 1:78:
1
12
ln

e
x
+1
e
x
1

1
6
e
x
+ C;
1:79:
x
48
p
x
2
1
_
8x
4
26x
2
+ 33
_

5
16
ln

x +
p
x
2
1

+ C; 1:80: ln
_p
x + x + 2
_

2
p
7
7
arctan
_p
7
7
_
2
p
x + 1
_
_
+ C;
1:81: arcsen (2x 1) + C; 1:82:
2
p
11
11
arctan
_p
11
11
(6x 1)
_
+ C; 1:83:
1
4
ln

x
2
3
x
2
1

+ C;
1:84:
p
4 9x
2
_
1
5
x
4

4
135
x
2

32
1215
_
+ C; 1:85:
1
2
ln jxj
1
2
ln jx + 2j + C; 1:86:
1
2
arctan
_
x+1
2
_
+ C;
1:87:
1
2
arctan (x + 1) +
x+1
4x+2x
2
+4
+ C; 1:88:
p
2
2
arcsen
_
4x3
5
_
+ C; 1:89:
1
8
arcsen (2t 1) +
2t1
4
p
t t
2
+ C;
1:90: ln

tan x +
p
tan
2
x 2

+ C; 1:91: x + 8 arctan (x 3) + 3 ln

x
2
6x + 10

+ C;
1:92: 2 ln

x + 1 +
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5

+
1
2
(x + 1)
p
2x + x
2
+ 5 + C; 1:93:
1
2
t
p
t
2
+ 1 +
1
2
ln

t +
p
t
2
+ 1

+ C;
1:94: ln

t +
p
t
2
4

p
t
2
4
t
+ C; 1:95: ln

2x + p + 2
_
x
2
+ px + q

+ C; 1:96: arccos
_
1
t+1
_
+ C;
1:97:
9
2
arcsen
x
3

x
2
p
9 x
2
+ C; 1:98:
1
4
arctan
_
1
4
cos x
_
+ C; 1:99: 2
_
y
2
+ 9 + ln

y +
_
y
2
+ 9

+ C;
1:100: arcsen
_
t+1
p
2
_
+
t+1
p
2
p
1 2t t
2
+ C; 1:101:
arctan a
x
ln a
+ C; 1:102:
y
2
+8
p
y
2
+4
+ C; 1:103: arcsen
_p
10
10
(x + 3)
_
+ C;
1:104: 3
p
x
2
4x + 5 + C; 1:105: 6 arcsen
_
x1
2
_

1
2
p
4x x
2
(6 + x) + C; 1:106:
1
6
arcsen
_
3
4
y
2
_
+ C;
1:107: arctan (x 1) + ln

x
2
+ 2x + 2

+ C; 1:108: ln

x
2
6x + 18

+
5
3
arctan
_
x1
3
_
+ C; 1:109:
1
2
arctan t
t
2t
2
+2
+ C;
1:110: 3 arcsen
x
2
2
p
4 x
2
+ C; 1:111: 3
p
2x + x
2
+ 5 3 ln

x + 1 +
p
x
2
+ 2x + 5

+ C;
1:112: 2
p
x
2
4x + 5 + 3 ln

x 2 +
p
x
2
4x + 5

+ C; 1:113: ln

1
z

_
1z
2
z
2

+ C; 1:114:
1
27
_
y
p
9y
2
_
3
+ C;
1:115: 9 arcsen
_p
5
5
(2x + 1)
_
2
p
1 x
2
x + C; 1:116:
9
8
arcsen
_
2x+1
3
_
+
1
4
(2x + 1)
p
2 x x
2
+ C;
1:117: ln

t 1 +
p
t
2
2t + 26

+ C; 1:118: ln

sen
2
x + sen x 2

+ C; 1:119: arcsen
_
t3
5
_
+ C;
1:120:
p
2
2
arcsen
_
t1
3
_
+ C; 1:121: 2
p
t
2
2t + 26 + 2 ln

t 1 +
p
t
2
2t + 26

+ C; 2:1: x ln jxj + 2 ln jx 1j + C;
8
2:2:
1
3
ln

x2
x+1

+ C; 2:3: ln

x
x+2

+ C; 2:4: 2 ln jtj ln jt 1j +
1
2
ln j2t 1j + C; 2:5: 3 ln jt 3j + 2 ln jt + 3j + C;
2:6:
3
2
x
2
3x + ln jx 1j + 8 ln jx + 2j + C; 2:7: ln

x1
x+1

+ C; 2:8:
1
2
x
2
2 ln jxj + 7 ln

x
2
4

+ C;
2:9: ln jx + 1j +
4x+3
2x
2
+4x+2
+ C; 2:10: 2 ln

x
x1

+
12x
x
2
x
+ C; 2:11: 6x +
1
2
x
2
+ 28 ln jx 3j
30
x3
+ C;
2:12:
5x3
x
2
2x3
+ C; 2:13: 2 ln

t+1
t

2t+1
t
2
+t
+ C; 2:14:
1
2
ln

x
2
1

+
3
2x
2
2
+ C;
2:15:
15
2
arctan (x 2) +
1
2
ln

x
2
4x + 5

+
3x17
2x
2
8x+10
+ C; 2:16:
129
343
ln

2x+1
x3

307x+143
196x
2
490x294
+ C;
2:17:
1
x
3 arctan 3x + C; 2:18:
1
4
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_

1
4
ln
_
x
2
x + 1
_
+
p
3
6
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x 1)
_
+
p
3
6
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x + 1)
_
+ C;
2:19: x 2 arctan x
1
x
+ C; 2:20:
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+3
x
2
+1
_
+
2
p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
x
_
arctan x + C; 2:21:
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 1
_
+
1
2x
2
+2
+ C;
2:22:
x
8x
2
+32
+
1
16
arctan
1
2
x + C; 2:23:
1
6
xx
3
x
4
+x
2
+1
+
1
4
ln
_
x
2
+x+1
x
2
x+1
_
+
p
3
9
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x 1)
_
+
p
3
9
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x + 1)
_
+ C;
2:24: 3 ln
_
x
2
+3
x
2
+2
_
3
p
3 arctan
_p
3
3
x
_
+
15
4
p
2 arctan
_p
2
2
x
_

3x
3
+6x
2
+7x+15
2(x
2
+2)(x
2
+3)
+ C; 2:25: x
1
2
arctan x +
1
4
ln

x1
x+1

+ C;
2:26:
2
3
ln jx 1j
1
3
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_
+ C; 2:27: ln jxj
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 4
_
+
1
2
arctan
_
1
2
x
_
+ C;
2:28: lnjx + 1j +
1
3
x+2
x
2
+x+1

1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_
+
5
p
3
9
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x + 1)
_
+ C; 2:29:
1
9
ln

x+3
x

1
3x
+ C;
2:30: 3 ln jxj 2 ln jx 2j + C; 2:31: x + ln jxj
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 1
_
+ C; 2:32:
1
12
ln jx 1j
1
3
ln jx + 2j +
1
4
ln jx + 3j + C;
2:33:
3
2
ln j2x + 1j
3
4
ln

4x
2
2x + 1

+
3
p
3
2
arctan
_p
3
3
(4x 1)
_
+ C; 2:34: 2 ln jtj
1
2
ln
_
t
2
+ 1
_
+ C;
2:35:
1
2
ln
_
x
4
x
2
+ 1
_
+ C; 2:36: ln jx + 2j +
2
x+1
+ C; 2:37:
1
3
ln jx 1j
1
6
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_

p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x + 1)
_
+ C;
2:38: ln jxj
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_

p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x + 1)
_
+ C; 2:39: 5x +
1
2
ln jxj
7
3
ln jx 1j +
161
6
ln jx 4j + C;
2:40: 4 arctan (x 2) +
1
2
ln
_
x
2
4x + 5
_
ln j3x + 2j + C; 2:41:
3
8
arctan t +
1
8
3t
3
+5t
(t
2
+1)
2
+ C; 2:42:
2
x
ln jxj +
3
2
ln

(x1)
3
x+1

+ C;
2:43: 3 ln jx + 4j 2 ln jx 1j + C; 2:44: arctan x ln jx 2j + 2 ln jx + 3j + C; 2:45: ln jxj
1
2
ln
_
2x
2
+ 1
_
+ C;
2:46: 2 ln jx 2j + 3 ln jx + 2j + C; 2:47: ln

t+1
t+2

+
1
t+2
+ C; 2:48:
4
9
ln jx + 2j +
4
3x+6
+
1
18
ln j2x + 1j + C;
2:49:
1
4
arctan 2x +
1
8
ln

2x1
2x+1

+ C; 2:50:
x
4x
2
+9
+
1
6
arctan
2
3
x + C; 2:51: 4 ln jx + 1j +
5
3
ln j3x 2j + C;
2:52: ln
_
x
2
+ 4
_
ln jx 2j + C; 2:53:
1
3
ln jx + 1j
1
6
ln
_
x
2
+ x + 1
_
+
p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
(2x 1)
_
+ C;
2:54: ln jxj + 2 ln
_
x
2
+ 4
_
+ C; 2:55: 11 ln jtj + 11 ln j2t + 1j
11t+3
2t
2
+t
+ C; 2:56: 4 ln jx 1j 7 ln jx + 3j + 5 ln jx 4j + C;
2:57:
1
4
ln

e
x
1
e
x
+1

1
2
arctan (e
x
) + C; 2:58: e
x

3
2
arctan (e
x
) +
1
2
e
x
e
2x
+1
+ C; 2:59: ln

x
2
2x

2 ln jx + 1j + C;
2:60:
3
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 9
_
2 ln j2x 1j + C; 2:61:
1
4
ln

x2
x+2

+ C; 2:62:
3
2
ln

t
2
1

2 ln jtj + C; 2:63:
1
ba
ln

t+a
t+b

+ C;
2:64:
x
x
2
+4

5
2
1
x
2
+4
+
3
2
arctan
1
2
x + C; 2:65: 256x +
16
3
x
3
+
1
5
x
5
+ 512 ln

x4
x+4

+ C; 2:66: x +
4
5
ln jx 2j
9
5
ln jx + 3j + C;
2:67: ln

x
2
4

+
3
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 4
_
+ C; 2:68:
1
2
ln

ln x3
ln x1

+ C; 2:69: t +
2
3
ln jt 2j
1
3
ln
_
t
2
+ 2t + 4
_

2
p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
(t + 1)
_
+ C;
2:70:
1
4
t + ln jtj
7
16
ln j2t 1j
9
16
ln j2t + 1j + C; 2:71: ln jsen xj
1
2
ln
_
sen
2
x + 1
_
+ C;
2:72:
5
2
arctan x +
1
2
ln jx + 1j +
1
4
ln
_
x
2
+ 1
_
+ C; 2:73:
1
6
ln jt 2j
1
12
ln
_
t
2
+ 2t + 4
_
+
p
3
6
arctan
_p
3
3
(t + 1)
_
+ C;
2:74: 4 ln

x
x+1

+
3
x
+ C; 2:75: 5 ln jx + 2j +
3
x+2
+ C; 2:76: 2 ln jx + 2j 2 ln jx + 1j + 3 ln jx + 3j + C;
2:77:
1
3
28x+17
(3x+2)(x1)

2
3
ln j3x + 2j 2 ln jx 1j + C; 2:78: ln jxj +
1
x
2
+1
+ C; 2:79:
1
2
x 3 ln jx + 1j +
1
4
ln j2x + 3j + C;
2:80: 2x +
1
2
x
2

3
x1
ln

x
2
+ 2x 3

+ C; 2:81: 4 ln jx + 5j ln jx 2j + C;
2:82: ln
_
x
2
2x + 3
_

p
3
2
arctan
_p
3
3
x
_
+
7
p
2
4
arctan
_p
2
2
(x 1)
_
+ C; 2:83: x + 3 ln

x3
x2

+ C;
2:84:
30
343
ln

x5
x+2

+
15119x
49(x+2)(x5)
+ C; 2:85: 2 ln jx 1j + 3 ln jx 2j
1
x1
+ C; 2:86: x + 2 ln jx 1j ln jx + 1j + C;
2:87:
1
x
2
3x+2
+ C; 2:88:
1
2
x
2
24 ln jx 2j +
88x139
(x2)
2
+ C; 2:89: 2 ln
_
x
2
+ 4
_
2 ln jxj +
1
2
arctan
1
2
x + C;
2:90: 2 ln jxj +
1
x
+ 3 ln jx + 2j + C; 2:91: 3 ln jx 2j ln jx + 3j + ln j2x 1j + C;
2:92:
5
162
ln
_
9x
2
+ 3x + 1
_

2
81
ln j3x 1j +
5
p
3
27
arctan
p
3
3
(6x + 1) + C; 2:93: 2 ln jxj
3
4
ln jx 1j
5
4
ln jx + 1j +
1
2
x4
x
2
1
+ C;
2:94: ln jtan x + 1j +
2
p
3
3
arctan
_p
3
3
(2 tan x 1)
_
+ C; 2:95: ln

x
3
(x+1)
2

+
8
x+1
+ C; 2:96: ln jxj
1
4
ln j2x 1j +
3
4
ln j2x + 1j + C;
2:97: 2 ln jx + 2j arctan (x + 1) + C; 2:98: ln jx + 3j
1
2
ln j2x + 1j + C; 2:99: arctan (x + 1) +
x
x
2
+2x+2

1
2x
2
+4x+4
+ C;
2:100:
1
52
ln jx 3j
1
20
ln jx 1j +
7
130
arctan (x + 2) +
1
65
ln
_
x
2
+ 4x + 5
_
+ C; 2:101: 2 ln j2x 1j ln jx + 5j + C;
2:102:
3x+1
x
2
ln jxj + ln j2x + 5j + C; 2:103: 2 ln jxj + ln jx 4j +
1
x4
+ C; 2:104:
1
x
+ 3 ln jx 1j + C;
2:105:
1
3x
3
+ ln j2x 1j + C; 2:106: 2 ln jxj
1
x+3
+ C; 2:107: 2 ln jtj ln jt + 1j + ln jt 2j + C;
2:108: arctan x + ln jx 1j + C; 2:109: 2 ln jxj 3 ln jx 3j 4 ln jx + 3j + C; 2:110:
1
2
ln
_
x
2
+ 2
_
+ C;
9
2:111:
4
3
ln jx 1j
3
2
ln jxj +
7
6
ln jx + 2j + C; 2:112:
1
5
arctan x
2
5
ln jx + 2j +
1
5
ln
_
x
2
+ 1
_
+ C;
2:113: 2 ln jxj
1
2
arctan x ln
_
x
2
+ 1
_

x
2x
2
+2
+ C;
Bibliografa
1. Purcell, E. - Varberg, D: Clculo con Geometra Analtica". Novena Edicin. Prentice Hall.
2. Stewart, J.: Clculo". Grupo Editorial Iberoamericano.
Clculo Diferencial e Integral - Integracin u-sustitucin. Prof. Farith Briceo
ltima actualizacn: Enero 2010 e-mail : farith_72@hotmail.com
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