SECTION 9.

Castiglianos Theorem

601

Castiglianos Theorem
The beams described in the problems for Section 9.9 have constant flexural rigidity EI. Problem 9.9-1 A simple beam AB of length L is loaded at the left-hand end by a couple of moment M0 (see figure). Determine the angle of rotation A at support A. (Obtain the solution by determining the strain energy of the beam and then using Castiglianos theorem.) Solution 9.9-1
M0 A B M0 A B

Simple beam with couple M0 STRAIN ENERGY U M2dx 2 EI M2 0 2 EI

L

x L

CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM uA

x 2 dx L

M2 L 0 6 EI M0 L 3 EI (clockwise)

dU dM0

RA M

M0 L M0

(downward) RAx x L M0 M0 x L

(This result agree with Case 7, Table G-2)

Problem 9.9-2 The simple beam shown in the figure supports a concentrated load P acting at distance a from the left-hand support and distance b from the right-hand support. Determine the deflection D at point D where the load is applied. (Obtain the solution by determining the strain energy of the beam and then using Castiglianos theorem.)

M0 1

P A D B

a L

Solution 9.9-2

Simple beam with load P

P

STRAIN ENERGY U
b B

a D x L

M2dx 2EI P2a3b2 6 EIL2 P2a2b3 6 EIL2

UAD
x

1 2 EI 1 2EI UAD

0 b

RA MAD MDB

Pb L RA x

RB

Pa L Pbx L Pax L

UDB U

UDB

Pax 2 dx L

Pbx 2 dx L P2a2b2 6 LEI

CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM
D

RB x

dU dP

Pa2b2 3 LEI

(downward)

602

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

Problem 9.9-3 An overhanging beam ABC supports a concentrated load P at the end of the overhang (see figure). Span AB has length L and the overhang has length a. Determine the deflection C at the end of the overhang. (Obtain the solution by determining the strain energy of the beam and then using Castiglianos theorem.)

P A B C

Solution 9.9-3
A

Overhanging beam
P B C

STRAIN ENERGY U UAB 1 2 EI 1 2 EI UAB

L

x a

UCB RA MAB MCB Pa L (downward) RA x Px Pax L U

( Px) 2dx

Pax 2 dx L

M2dx 2 EI P2a2L 6 EI P2a3 6 EI a)

UCB

P2a2 (L 6 EI

CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM
C

dU dP

Pa2 (L 3EI

a)

(downward)

Problem 9.9-4 The cantilever beam shown in the figure supports a triangularly distributed load of maximum intensity q0. Determine the deflection B at the free end B. (Obtain the solution by determining the strain energy of the beam and then using Castiglianos theorem.)

q0

B A L

Solution 9.9-4
q0

Cantilever beam with triangular load STRAIN ENERGY

P B

M2dx 2 EI PL 6 EI
2 3

1 2 EI Pq0 L 30 EI
4

Px

A L

q2 L5 0 42 EI

q0 x3 2 dx 6L

P M

fictitious load corresponding to deflection Px q0 x3 6L

CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM q0 L4 0U PL3 (downward) 0P 3 EI 30 EI (This result agrees with Cases 1 and 8 of Table G-1.)
B

SET P

0:

q0 L4 30 EI

SECTION 9.9

Castiglianos Theorem

603

Problem 9.9-5 A simple beam ACB supports a uniform load of intensity q on the left-hand half of the span (see figure). Determine the angle of rotation B at support B. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

q A C B

L 2

L 2

Solution 9.9-5
q A

Simple beam with partial uniform load

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM (EQ. 9-88)

C B M0

uB

x L 2 L 2

1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0M0
L2 0 L2

M0

fictitious load corresponding to angle of rotation B 3 qL 8 M0 L RB qL 8 M0 L

1 EI

RA

SET FICTITIOUS LOAD M0 EQUAL TO ZERO uB 1 EI

L2

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR SEGMENT AC MAC RA x qx 2

2

3 qL 8

0MAC 0M0

x L

M0 x L

qx 2

1 EI

3qL 8

qL 8

M0 x L

M0 x L

qx2 x R B R dx 2 L M0 R B 1

3qLx 8

L2

L 2

qL3 qL3 7qL3 (counterclockwise) 128 EI 96 EI 384 EI (This result agrees with Case 2, Table G-2.)

qLx 1 8

qx2 x dx 2 L x dx L

x R dx L

SEGMENT

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR CB MCB RBx M0

qL 8

0MCB 0M0

x L

M0 x L

M0

L 2

604

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

Problem 9.9-6 A cantilever beam ACB supports two concentrated loads P1 and P2, as shown in the figure. Determine the deflections C and B at points C and B, respectively. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

P1 A C

P2 B L 2

L 2

Solution 9.9-6

Cantilever beam with loads P1 and P2

P1 P2 B L 2
B

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR DEFLECTION 1 EI

L2

A L 2

1 EI 1 EI

(MCB )
L

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR SEGMENT CB MCB 0MCB 0P1 0 P2 x
0

L2

L2

x x

0MCB 0P2

L 2

( P2x) ( x) dx
0

(MAC )

0MCB dx 0P2

0MAC dx 0P2 L 2 P2x R ( x) dx

1 EI P2L3 24 EI

L2

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR SEGMENT AC MAC 0MAC 0P1 P1 x L 2 P2x x

L3 (5 P1 48 EI

B P1 x

14 P2 )

L 2

L 2

0MAC 0P2

L3 (5P1 16P2 ) 48 EI (These results can be verified with the aid of Cases 4 and 5, Table G-1.)

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR DEFLECTION

C

1 EI

L2

1 EI 0

(MCB )
L

L2

1 EI

(MAC )

0MCB dx 0P1

L2

L3 (2 P1 48 EI

B P1 x 5 P2 )

0MAC dx 0P1 L 2

P2x R

L 2

x dx

SECTION 9.9

Castiglianos Theorem

605

Problem 9.9-7 The cantilever beam ACB shown in the figure is subjected to a uniform load of intensity q acting between points A and C. Determine the angle of rotation A at the free end A. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

q A L 2 C L 2 B

Solution 9.9-7

Cantilever beam with partial uniform load

q

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM (EQ. 9-88)

C B L 2

M0

A x L 2

uA

1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0M0
L2 0

M0

fictitious load corresponding to the angle of rotation A

1 EI

M0

L2

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR SEGMENT AC MAC 0MAC 0M0 M0 1 qx 2
2

SET FICTITIOUS LOAD M0 EQUAL TO ZERO uA 1 EI

L2

B M0

qx2 ( 1)dx 2 qL x 2
L

L 2

qx2 dx 2 qL3 8 EI

1 EI

L2

qL3 48 EI

qL x 2

L R ( 1)dx 4 L dx 4

SEGMENT

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR CB MCB 0MCB 0M0 M0 1 qL x 2 L 4

L 2

7qL3 (counterclockwise) 48 EI (This result can be verified with the aid of Case 3, Table G-1.)

Problem 9.9-8 The frame ABC supports a concentrated load P at point C (see figure). Members AB and BC have lengths h and b, respectively. Determine the vertical deflection C and angle of rotation C at end C of the frame. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)
h

b B C P

606

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

Solution 9.9-8
b B x

Frame with concentrated load

C P

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR DEFLECTION

M0
C

1 EI
x A

M 0M dx EI 0P
h

(Pb

M0 )(b)dx

1 EI

(Px
0

M0 )(x)dx

Set M0
C

0:
h

1 EI

Pb2dx
0

1 EI

Px2dx
0

P M0

concentrated load acting at point C (corresponding to the deflection C) fictitious moment corresponding to the angle of rotation C

Pb2 (3h 3 EI

b)

(downward)

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR ANGLE OF

ROTATION

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR MEMBER AB MAB 0MAB 0P Pb b M0 0MAB M0 (0 1 x h)

uC

1 EI Set M0 uC 1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0M0
h

(Pb

M0 )(1)dx

1 EI

(Px
0

M0 )(1) dx

0:
h

Pb dx
0

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR MEMBER BC MBC 0MBC 0P Px x M0 0MBC 0M0 (0 1 x b)

1 EI

Px dx
0

Pb (2h 2EI

b)

(clockwise)

Problem 9.9-9 A simple beam ABCDE supports a uniform load of intensity q (see figure). The moment of inertia in the central part of the beam (BCD) is twice the moment of inertia in the end parts (AB and DE). Find the deflection C at the midpoint C of the beam. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

A I L 4

C 2I L 4 L 4

D I L 4

SECTION 9.9

Castiglianos Theorem

607

Solution 9.9-9
q

Nonprismatic beam
P

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM (EQ. 9-88) Integrate from A to C and multiply by 2.

A I

C 2I L

D I

2 2

P RA

fictitious load corresponding to the deflection at the midpoint qL P 2 2

SET FICTITIOUS
C

1 EI

MAC 0MAC dx EI 0P
L4

1 2 EI

qLx 2
L2

qx2 2

L4

LOAD

qLx 2

qx2 2

Px x dx 2 2

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR THE LEFT-HAND HALF OF THE BEAM (A TO C) MAC 0MAC 0P qLx 2 x 2 qx2 2 Px 0 2 L x 2 x L 2

2 EI

L4

qLx 2

1 EI

L2

L4

qLx 2

qx2 x dx 2 2

P EQUAL TO ZERO

Px x dx 2 2

13 qL4 6,144 EI
C

67 qL4 12,288 EI

qx2 x dx 2 2

31qL4 4096 EI

(downward)

Problem 9.9-10 An overhanging beam ABC is subjected to a couple MA at the free end (see figure). The lengths of the overhang and the main span are a and L, respectively. Determine the angle of rotation A and deflection A at end A. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

MA

Solution 9.9-10
P MA A

Overhanging beam ABC

B

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR SEGMENT BC Reaction at support C: RC MA Pa (downward) L L Pax (0 x L) L ax L

a x

MBC 0MBC 0MA

RC x x L

MAx L 0MBC 0P

MA P

couple acting at the free end A (corresponding to the angle of rotation A) fictitious load corresponding to the deflection
A

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES FOR SEGMENT AB MAB 0MAB 0MA MA 1 Px (0 x 0MAB x 0P a)

608

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR ANGLE OF

ROTATION

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR DEFLECTION

A

uA

1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0MA
a

( MA
L

Px)( 1) dx Pax x dx L L MAx x dx L L

1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0P
a

( MA
L

Px)( x)dx Pax ax dx L L

L 0

1 EI Set P uA 1 EI 0:
a

MAx L

1 EI Set P
A

0:
a

MAx L

MAdx
0

1 EI

MA (L 3 EI

3a)

(counterclockwise)

1 EI

MAxdx
0

1 EI

MAa (2L 6EI

3a)

(downward)

MAx ax dx L L

Problem 9.9-11 An overhanging beam ABC rests on a simple support at A and a spring support at B (see figure). A concentrated load P acts at the end of the overhang. Span AB has length L, the overhang has length a, and the spring has stiffness k. Determine the downward displacement C of the end of the overhang. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.) Solution 9.9-11 Beam with spring support
P A L x RA RB k x B a C

P A k B C

STRAIN ENERGY OF THE SPRING (EQ. 2-38a) US R2 B 2k P2 (L a) 2 2 kL2

STRAIN ENERGY OF THE BEAM (EQ. 9-80a) UB M2dx 2 EI

RA RB

Pa (downward) L P (L a) (upward) L

TOTAL STRAIN ENERGY U U UB US M2dx 2 EI P2 (L a) 2 2 kL2

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR SEGMENT AB MAB RAx Pax L dMAB dP ax L (0 x L)

APPLY CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM (EQ. 9-87)

C

SEGMENT

BENDING MOMENT AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVE FOR BC Px dMBC dP x (0 x a)

dU d M2dx d P2 (L a) 2 B R dP dP 2 EI dP 2 kL2 d M2dx P(L a) 2 dP 2 EI kL2

MBC

SECTION 9.9

Castiglianos Theorem

609

DIFFERENTIATE UNDER THE INTEGRAL SIGN (MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM)

C

1 EI

M dM dx EI dP
L 0

1 EI Pa L 3 EI
C 2

( Px)( x)dx
0

P(L a) 2 kL2

P(L a) kL2

Problem 9.9-12 A symmetric beam ABCD with overhangs at both ends supports a uniform load of intensity q (see figure). Determine the deflection D at the end of the overhang. (Obtain the solution by using the modified form of Castiglianos theorem.)

Pax ax dx L L

Pa3 3 EI

P(L a) 2 kL2 P(L a) 2 kL2

q A B L 4 C L 4 D

Pa2 (L a) 3 EI

Solution 9.9-12 Beam with overhangs

P q A B x x C x D

SEGMENT CD 0MCD 0P x

MCD

qx2 2

Px

L 4

MODIFIED CASTIGLIANOS THEOREM FOR DEFLECTION

D

intensity of uniform load

P fictitious load corresponding to the deflection D L length of segments AB and CD 4 L length of span BC RB 3 qL 4 P 4 RC 3 qL 4 5P 4

1 EI

M 0M dx EI 0P
L4 0

BENDING MOMENTS AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES SEGMENT AB qx2 MAB 2 SEGMENT BC MBC B q x 0MAB 0P
0

SET P
D

0MBC 0P

q x 2 x 4

L 4

L 1 R B x 4 2
2

3 qL 4

P x 4

L R 4

L 4 RB x (0 x L)

1 EI

1 EI

0:
L

x R dx 4
0

qx2 (0) dx 2 q x 2 1 EI
L4

L 2 4

qx2 2

3qL 4

1 EI

L4

5 qL4 768 EI

q x 2

qL4 2048 EI

qx2 ( x) dx 2

L 2 4

3qL xR B 4

Px ( x)dx x R dx 4

P x R 4

37 qL4 6144 EI

(Minus means the deflection is opposite in direction to the fictitious load P.)
D

37 qL4 6144 EI

(upward)

610

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

Deflections Produced by Impact

The beams described in the problems for Section 9.10 have constant flexural rigidity EI. Disregard the weights of the beams themselves, and consider only the effects of the given loads. Problem 9.10-1 A heavy object of weight W is dropped onto the midpoint of a simple beam AB from a height h (see figure). Obtain a formula for the maximum bending stress max due to the falling weight in terms of h, st, and st, where st is the maximum bending stress and st is the deflection at the midpoint when the weight W acts on the beam as a statically applied load. Plot a graph of the ratio max / st (that is, the ratio of the dynamic stress to the static stress) versus the ratio h / st. (Let h / st vary from 0 to 10.) Solution 9.10-1 (
2 st

W A

h B

L 2

L 2

Weight W dropping onto a simple beam h

st

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-94)

max st

2h st ) 1 2

smax sst 2.00 3.45 4.33 5.00 5.58

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS For a linearly elastic beam, the bending stress proportional to the deflection . smax 2h 1 2 max 1 1 sst st st smax GRAPH OF RATIO
6
max st

is

0 2.5 5.0 7.5 10.0

sst B 1

2h
st

max/ st

12

NOTE:

WL3 for a simple beam with a load 48 EI at the midpoint.

st

4 2 0 2.5 5.0 h
st

7.5

10.0

Problem 9.10-2 An object of weight W is dropped onto the midpoint of a simple beam AB from a height h (see figure). The beam has a rectangular cross section of area A. Assuming that h is very large compared to the deflection of the beam when the weight W is applied statically, obtain a formula for the maximum bending stress max in the beam due to the falling weight.

W h

A L 2 L 2

SECTION 5.5

Method of Superposition

611

Solution 9.10-2

Weight W dropping onto a simple beam sst

st

Height h is very large. MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-95)

max

M S WL3 48 EI

WL 4S s2 st
st

s2 st

W2L2 16 S2 (2)

2h

st

3 WEI S2L

For a linearly elastic beam, the bending stress proportional to the deflection . smax 2h max sst B st st smax B 2 hs2 st
st

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS

is

For a RECTANGULAR BEAM (with b, depth d): bd 3 bd 2 I 3 3 I S 2 12 6 bd A S Substitute (2) and (3) into (1): smax (1) 18 WhE B AL

(3)

Problem 9.10-3 A cantilever beam AB of length L 6 ft is constructed of a W 8 21 wide-flange section (see figure). A weight W 1500 lb falls through a height h 0.25 in. onto the end of the beam. Calculate the maximum deflection max of the end of the beam and the maximum bending stress max due to the falling weight. (Assume E 30 106 psi.)

W = 1500 lb W8 A L = 6 ft 21 B

h = 0.25 in.

Solution 9.10-3

Cantilever beam Equation (9-94): ( 2 2h max st st

st ) 12

DATA: L 6 ft 72 in. W 1500 lb h 0.25 in. E 30 106 psi W 8 21 I 75.3 in.4 S 18.2 in.3 MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-94) Equation (9-94) may be used for any linearly elastic structure by substituting st W/k, where k is the stiffress of the particular structure being considered. For instance: Simple beam with load at midpoint: 48 EI k L3 Cantilever beam with load at the free end: k For the cantilever beam in this problem: (1500 lb)(72 in.) 3 WL3 st 3 EI 3(30 106 psi)(75.3 in.4 ) 0.08261 in. 3 EI Etc. L3

0.302 in.

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS Consider a cantilever beam with load P at the free end: Mmax PL PL3 smax max S S 3 EI smax 3 EI Ratio: SL2 max 3 EI smax 21,700 psi max SL2

Problem 9.10-4 A weight W 20 kN falls through a height h 1.0 mm onto the midpoint of a simple beam of length L 3 m (see figure). The beam is made of wood with square cross section (dimension d on each side) and E 12 GPa. If the allowable bending stress in the wood is allow 10 MPa, what is the minimum required dimension d?

W A

h B d d

L 2

L 2

612

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

Solution 9.10-4 DATA: W E

Simple beam with falling weight W 1.0 mm L 3.0 m 10 MPa allow SUBSTITUTE (2) AND (3) INTO EQ. (1) 2smaxd 3 3 WL 1
1

20 kN h 12 GPa

CROSS SECTION OF BEAM (SQUARE) d I dimension of each side d4 d3 S 12 6

2 st 12

SUBSTITUTE NUMERICAL VALUES: 2(10 MPa)d3 3(20 kN)(3.0 m) 1000 3 d 9

8hEd 4 1 2 WL3 B1

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-94)

max st

2h

st )

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS For a linearly elastic beam, the bending stress proportional to the deflection . smax 2h 1 2 max 1 1 sst st st STATIC TERMS sst
st

is (1)

1000 2 3 1600 d d 9 9 2500d 3 36d 45 SOLVE NUMERICALLY

SQUARE BOTH SIDES, REARRANGE, AND SIMPLIFY 2000 0 9 0 (d meters)

B1

1600 4 1 2 d R 9

8(1.0 mm)(12 GPa)d 4 1 2 R (20 kN)(3.0 m) 3 (d meters)

M S

WL3 48 EI

WL 6 3 4 d

st AND

st

Problem 9.10-5 A weight W 4000 lb falls through a height h 0.5 in. onto the midpoint of a simple beam of length L 10 ft (see figure). Assuming that the allowable bending stress in the beam is 18,000 psi and E 30 106 psi, select the lightest allow wide-flange beam listed in Table E-1 in Appendix E that will be satisfactory.

WL3 12 48 E d 4

3 WL 2d3

(2) (3)

d 0.2804 m 280.4 mm For minimum value, round upward. d 281 mm

WL3 4 Ed 4

W = 4000 lb h = 0.5 in. A B

L = 5 ft 2

L = 5 ft 2

Solution 9.10-5

Simple beam of wide-flange shape STATIC TERMS 106 psi sst smax sst 2h
st

DATA: W 4000 lb h 0.5 in. L 10 ft 120 in. 18,000 psi E 30 allow MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-94)
max st max st

st AND

st

( 1

2 st

or

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS For a linearly elastic beam, the bending stress proportional to the deflection . smax 2h 1 2 max 1 1 sst st st is (1)

2h st ) 1 2 2h
st

12

SUBSTITUTE (2) AND (3) INTO EQ. (1): 4sallowS WL 1

1

WL3 st 48 EI 4 sallow S 4S sallow WL WL 48 EI 96 hEI 2h WL3 WL3 M S WL 4S 96hEI 1 2 WL3

(2) (3)

REQUIRED SECTION MODULUS S WL B1 4sallow

1

96 hEI 1 2 R WL3

SECTION 5.5

Method of Superposition

613

SUBSTITUTE NUMERICAL VALUES S (S

PROCEDURE

20 3 in. B 1 1 3 in.3; I in.4)

5 I 12 R 24

(4)

1. Select a trial beam from Table E-1. 2. Substitute I into Eq. (4) and calculate required S. 3. Compare with actual S for the beam. 4. Continue until the lightest beam is found.

Trial Actual beam I S W 8 35 127 31.2 W 10 45 248 49.1 W 10 60 341 66.7 W 12 50 394 64.7 W 14 53 541 77.8 W 16 31 375 47.2 Lightest beam is W 14 53

Required S 41.6 (NG) 55.0 (NG) 63.3 (OK) 67.4 (NG) 77.8 (OK) 66.0 (NG)

Problem 9.10-6 An overhanging beam ABC of rectangular cross section has the dimensions shown in the figure. A weight W 750 N drops onto end C of the beam. If the allowable normal stress in bending is 45 MPa, what is the maximum height h from which the weight may be dropped? (Assume E 12 GPa.)

40 mm A B

W h C 40 mm 500 mm

1.2 m

2.4 m

Solution 9.10-6 DATA: W E I

Overhanging beam 2.4 m Stiffness of the beam: k P

C

750 N LAB 1.2 in. LBC 12 GPa 45 MPa allow bd 3 1 (500 mm)(40 mm) 3 12 12 2.6667 106 mm4 2.6667 10 6 m4 bd 2 1 (500 mm)(40 mm) 2 6 6 133.33 103 mm3 133.33 10 6 m3

3 EI a (L a)
2

(1)

MAXIMUM DEFLECTION (EQ. 9-94) Equation (9-94) may be used for any linearly elastic structure by substituting st W/k, where k is the stiffness of the particular structure being considered. For instance: 48 EI Simple beam with load at midpoint: k L3 3 EI Cantilever beam with load at free end: k Etc. L3 For the overhanging beam in this problem (see Eq. 1): W k Wa2 (L a) 3 EI LBC and L LBC ) LAB: (3) (2)

DEFLECTION

C AT THE END OF THE OVERHANG

B A

P
st

in which a
L a
st

W(L2 )(LAB BC 3 EI (
1
2 st

P L a

load at end C length of spear AB length of overhang BC

EQUATION (9-94):
max st

2h

st )

12

From the answer to Prob. 9.8-5 or Prob. 9.9-3: Pa2 (L a) C 3 EI

or
max st

2h
st

12

(4)

614

CHAPTER 9

Deflections of Beams

MAXIMUM BENDING STRESS For a linearly elastic beam, the bending stress proportional to the deflection . smax 2h 1 2 max 1 1 sst st st sst M S WLBC S MAXIMUM HEIGHT h Solve Eq. (5) for h: smax 2h 1 2 1 1 sst st h

is (5) (6)

Substitute allow for h

from Eq. (3), max:

st

st

from Eq. (6), and 2

W(L2 )(LAB BC 6 EI

SUBSTITUTE NUMERICAL VALUES INTO E Q. (8): W(L2 ) (LAB BC 6 EI sallow S 10 WLBC 3 h LBC ) 0.08100 m

LBC ) sallowS sallowS WLBC WLBC

(8)

3.3333 10 10 3 3 2 0.36 m

smax 2 sst
st

Problem 9.10-7 A heavy flywheel rotates at an angular speed (radians per second) around an axle (see figure). The axle is rigidly attached to the end of a simply supported beam of flexural rigidity EI .and length L (see figure). The flywheel has mass moment of inertia Im about its axis of rotation. If the flywheel suddenly freezes to the axle, what will be the reaction R at support A of the beam?

smax smax sst sst

smax sst

1 2

2h
st

or h (7)

(0.08100 m) 360 mm

EI

Im

Solution 9.10-7

Rotating flywheel CONSERVATION OF ENERGY kE R 3 EI Im B L3 U 1 I 2 m

2 2

NOTE: We will disregard the mass of the beam and all energy losses due to the sudden stopping of the rotating flywheel. Assume that all of the kinetic energy of the flywheel is transformed into strain energy of the beam. KINETIC ENERGY OF ROTATING FLYWHEEL kE 1 I 2 m
2

R2 L3 6 EI

NOTE: The moment of inertia IM has units of kg m2 or N m s2

STRAIN ENERGY OF BEAM U M U

M 2dx 2 EI Rx, where x is measured from support A. L R2L3 1 (Rx) 2dx 2 EI q 6 EI