Physics Homework 12

PR 12. Superposisi dan Interferensi Gelombang Cahaya serta Difraksi Cahaya Kerjakan soal di Halliday: Bab 35 no 14, 25, 30, 33, 40, 41, 72, 80. Bab 36 no 1, 7, 13, 18, 28, 39, 44, 52, 61, 70. BAB 35 14) In a double-slit arrangement the slits are separated by a dis-tance equal to 100 times the wavelength of the light passing through the slits. (a) What is the angular separation in radians between the central maximum and an adjacent maximum? (b) What is the dis-tance between these maxima on a screen 50.0 cm from the slits? a. 1 = arcsin

= 10 sin + 8 sin + 300 = 10 sin + 4 3 sin + 4 cos = 10 + 4 3 sin + 4 cos = sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin sin = 4 cos = 10 + 4 3 = sin
2

+ cos

= 17

= 1

= 13

= arcsin

1 100

= 0,01 rad

= 17 sin + 13

b. y1=Dtan 1 = (500mm)(0,01rad)= 5,0mm = y1-y0=5,0mm 25) In Fig. 35-39, two isotropic point sources of light (Sl and S2) are separated by distance 2.70 !Lm along a y axis and emit in phase at wavelength 900 nm and at the same amplitude. A light detector S2 cated at point P at coordinate Xp on the x axis. What is the greatest value and 28. of Xp at which the detected light is minimum due to destructive interference? X0 = d2/ /4 = (3,00 )2/ /4 = 8,75 = 8,75(900mm)= 7,88103 nm = 7,88 Vektor horizontalnya (t=0) 30) Find the sum y of the following quantities: Yl = 10 sin(wt) and Y2 = 8.0 sin(wt + 30). Eh=2E0cos0+E0cos450+cos(-450) = 3,41 E0 Vektor vertikal (t=0) 33) Three electromagnetic waves travel through a certain point P along an x axis. They are polarized parallel to a Y axis, with the following variations in their amplitudes. Find their resultant at P. E1= (10.0 V/m) sin[(2.0 X 1014 rad/s)t] E2 = (5.00 V/m) sin[(2.0 X 1014 rad/s)t + 45.0] E3 = (5.00 V/m) sin[(2.0 X 1014 rad/s)t 45.0] Persamaan E1, E2, E3 bisa ditulis demikian: E1= 2E0 sin t =2.0 X 1014 rad/s E2 = E0 sin[t + 45.0] E3 = E0 sin[t 45.0] E0=5.00 V/m;

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Ev= 2E0sin00+E0sin450+E0sin(-450) = 0 Resultannya: R = 2 + 2 = (3,410 )2 + 0 = 3,41E0= 3,41(5,00 V/m)= 17,05 V/m = arctan (Ev/Eh) = arctan 0= 00 Persamaan resultan menjadi : Er= Er sin[t + ] = 17,05 V/m sin(2,0 X 1014 rad/s)t 40) A thin film of acetone (n = 1.25) coats a thick glass plate (n = 1.50). White light is incident normal to the film. In the reflec-tions, fully destructive interference occurs at 600 nm and fully con-structive interference at 700 nm. Calculate the thickness of the ace-tone film 2 = +
1 2 2

Maka saat m = 1, L = 1 + nm

1 2

320 2(1,59)

= 161

72) In Fig. 35-44, a broad beam of monochromatic light is directed perpendicularly through two glass plates that are held together at one end to create a wedge of air between them. An observer intercepting light reflected from the wedge of air, which acts as a thin film, sees 4001 dark fringes along the length of the wedge. When the air between the plates is evacuated, only 4000 dark fringes are seen. Calculate to six significant figures the index of refraction of air from these data. 2 = (4001) dan 2 = (4000) 1.00000 nair = (1.00000)4000 = 1.00025
4001

Saat n2 = 1,25 ; = 700nm, L = 0,280nm, 560nm, 840nm, 1120nm, . Saat n2 = 1,25 ; = 600nm, L = 120nm, 360nm, 600nm, 840nm, 1080 nm,. Maka selisih L = 1120 1080 = 840 41) Reflection by thin layers. In Fig. 35-41, light is incident perpendicularly 1'1 1'2 on a thin layer of material 2 that lies between (thicker) materials 1 and 3. (The rays are tilted only for clarity.) The waves of rays rl and r2 interfere, and here we consider the type of interfer- Fig. 35-41 Problems ence to be either maximum (max) or 41 through 52. minimum (min). For this situation, each problem in Table 35-2 refers to the indexes of refraction n 1> nZ, and n3, the type of terference, the thin-layer thickness L in nanome-ters, and the wavelength A in nanometers of the light as measured in air. Where A is missing, give the wavelength that is in the visible range. Where L is missing, give the second least thickness or the third least thickness as indicated. 2 = +
1 2 2

80) A thin film with index of refraction n=1.40 is placed in one arm of a Michelson interferometer, perpendicular to the optical path. If this causes a shift of 7 bright fringes of the pattern produced by light of wavelength 589 nm, what is the film thickness? = 2( 1) 589109 7 2(1,4 1)

= 5,154109 Bab 36 1) The distance between the first and fifth minima of a single-slit diffraction pattern is 0.35 mm with the screen 40 cm away from the slit, when light of wavelength 550 nm is used. (a) Find the slit width. (b) Calculate the angle B of the first diffraction minimum. a) =

, m = 0, 1, 2, ....

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= = =

c.) Memastikan kalkulator kami dalam radian modus, Eq. 36-5 hasil nya adalah :

18) The wall of a large room is covered with acoustic tile in which small holes are drilled 5.0 mm from center to center. How far can a person be from such a tile and still distinguish the indi-vidual holes, assuming ideal conditions, the pupil diameter of the observer's eye to be 4.0 mm, and the wavelength of the room light to be 550 nm?

0,4 550109 5 1 = 0.35103 = 2,514103 b) sin = =

1 550109 2,514103

= 2,188103 28) The wings of tiger beetles (Fig. 36-41) are colored by interference due to thin cuticle-like layers. In addition, these layers are arranged in patches that are 60/-Lm cross and produce different colors. The color you see is a pointillistic mix-ture of thin-film interference colors that varies with perspective. Approximately what viewing distance from a wing puts you at the limit of resolving the different colored patches according to Rayleigh's criterion? Use 550 nm as the wavelength of light and 3.00 mm as the diameter of your pupil Persamaan. 36-14 memberikan R = 1.22 / d, di mana dalam kasus kami R D / L, dengan D = 60 mm menjadiukuran objek mata Anda harus menyelesaikan, dan L menjadi jarak pandang maksimumpertanyaan. Jika d = 3,00 mm = 3000 m adalah diameter pupil Anda, kemudian

7) Light of wavelength 633 nm is incident on a narrow slit. The angle between the first diffraction minimum on one side of the central maximum and the first minimum on the other side is 1.20. What is the width of the slit? = sin

1 633109 1.2 sin 2

= 6,045105 13) Monochromatic light with wavelength 538 nm is incident on a slit with width 0.025 mm. The distance from the slit to a screen is 3.5 m. Consider a point on the screen 1.1 cm from the central maxi-mum. Calculate (a) B for that point, (b) a, and (c) the ratio of the intensity at that point to the intensity at the central maximum. a.) b.) Kita memakai persamaan 36-6 :

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39) Light of wavelength 440 nm passes through a double slit, yielding a diffraction pattern whose graph of intensity I versus an-gular position () is shown in Fig. 36-44. Calculate (a) the slit width and (b) the slit separation. ( c) Verify the displayed intensities of the m = 1 and m = 2 interference fringes. a) The first minimum of the diffraction pattern is at 5.00, so

We use Eq. 36-25 for diffraction maxima: d sin = m. In our case, since the angle between the m = 1 and m = 1 maxima is 26, the angle corresponding to m = 1 is = 26/2 = 13. We solve for the grating spacing:

b) Since the fourth bright fringe is missing, d = 4a = 4(5.05 m) = 20.2 m. c) For the m = 1 bright fringe,

52) A beam of light consisting of wavelengths from 460.0 nm to 640.0 nm is directed perpendicularly onto a diffrac-tion grating with 160 lines/mm. (a) What is the lowest order that is overlapped by another order? (b) What is the highest order for which the complete wavelength range of the beam is pre-sent? In that highest order, at what angle does the light at wavePROBLEMS 1019 length (c) 460.0 nm and (d) 640.0 nm appear? (e) What is the greatest angle at which the light at wavelength 460.0 nm ap-pears? Diberi "jumlah baris per milimeter" (yang merupakan cara yang umum untuk mengekspresikan 1 untuk kisi-kisi difraksi), dengan demikian
1

Consequently, the intensity of the m = 1 fringe is

= 160 lines mm d = 6.25 x 10-6 m.

which agrees with Fig. 36-45. Similarly for m = 2, the intensity is I = 2.9 mW/cm2, also in agreement with Fig. 36-45. 44) Perhaps to confuse a predator, some tropical gyrinid beetles (whirligig beetles) are colored by optical interference that is due to scales whose alignment forms a diffraction grating (which scatters light instead of transmiting it). When the incident light rays are perpendicular to the grating, the angle between the first-order maxima (on opposite sides of the zeroth-order maximum) is about 26 in light with a wavelength of 550 nm. What is the grating spac-ing of the beetle?

a. Kami memecahkan Persamaan. 36-25 untuk dengan berbagai nilai m dan . Kami menunjukkan di sini m = 2 dan = 460 nm perhitungan : = sin1 2(460 109 m) = sin1 6.25 106 = sin1 0.1472 = 8.64o

Demikian pula, kita mendapatkan 11,81 untuk m = 2 dan = 640 nm, 12,75 untuk m = 3 dan = 460 nm, dan 17,89 untuk m = 3 dan = 640 nm. Indikasi pertama dari tumpang tindih terjadi ketika kita menghitung sudut untuk m = 4 dan = 460 nm, hasilnya adalah 17,12 yang jelas menunjukkan tumpang tindih dengan sebagian besarpanjang gelombang spektrum m = 3.

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b. Kita memecahkan Persamaan. 36-25 untuk m dengan = 90 dan = 640 nm. Dalam kasus ini, kita memperoleh m = 9,8 yang berarti bahwa perintah terbesar yang lengkap (yang harus mencakup bahwa panjang gelombang terbesar) terlihat adalah urutan kesembilan. c. Sekarang dengan m = 9 Persamaan. 36-25 memberikan = 41,5 untuk = 460 nm. d. Ini sama memberikan = 67,2 untuk = 640 nm. e. Kami memecahkan Persamaan. 36-25 untuk m dengan = 90 dan = 460 nm. Dalam kasus ini, kita memperoleh m = 13,6 yang berarti bahwa perintah terbesar di mana panjang gelombang terlihat adalah urutan ketiga belas. Sekarang dengan m = 13 Persamaan. 36-25 memberikan = 73,1 untuk = 460 nm. 61) With a particular grating the sodium doublet (589.00 nm and 589.59 nm) is viewed in the third order at 10 to the normal and is barely resolved. Find (a) the grating spacing and (b) the total width of the rulings. a. dari sin = kita menemukan = avg 3 589.3 nm = = 1.0 104 nm sin sin10 = 10m

beam of wavelength 0.260 nm makes an angle = 63.8 with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size ao? Sudut insiden pada pesawat refleksi = 63,8 - 45,0 = 18,8 , dan pesawat-pesawat pemisahan = 0 2. Dengan demikian, menggunakan dosa 2d sin = , kita mendapatkan 0 = 2 = 2 0.260nm = = 0.570nm 2sin 2 sin 18.8

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b. Total lebar putusan adalah = = avg d = m (589.3 nm)(10m) = 3(589.3 nm-589.00 nm) = 3.3 103 m = 3.3 mm

70) In Fig. 36-47, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray

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