INCENDIARIES T™ 31—201—1 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TECHNICAL MANUAL UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE DEVICES AND TECHNIQUES INCENDIARIES HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY MAY 1966POOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 3 275 INCENDIARIES Alarm clock... = O42 198 8, SPONTANEOUS COMBUBTIC ‘Tecamicat Manvat] HEADQUARTERS. ‘Spontaneous combustion. | DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Inver. oso at ‘No. 81-201-1 Waastwaron, D.C., #0 May 1966 ~ 3 — CHAP Unconventionol Warfare Devices and Techniques INTRODUCTION INCENDIARIES (0001. INCENDIARY SYSTEMS: Fuvene Ter q. This manual covers all sspects of incendiary com. 8 systems, It deseribes useful initiators, igniters, 0002 incendiary materials, delay mechanisms, and spon- 0003 5 ‘taneous combustion deviecs designed for direct use in ou Sabotage and unconventional warfare. ‘oie © 14_b- Ineendiaries are primarily used in sabotage to set 018 18 fire to wooden structures and other combustible targets. 4104 = 21 Certain incendiaries, such as thermite, can be used for B25 ESS2E558 9899288 & 2 £2 G8 8 88 BEE #8 8 & 88 BEE ag eesassaas & & se ‘melting, cutting, or welding metals. ¢. The most basie incendiary system consists of putting a lighted match to an easily combustible material. However, a simple match is not alway effective. There are many important combustible targets that require far more heat for reliable ignition than is available from a match. There are also in- stances where delayed ignition is essential for sabotage success. This manual contains formulations and devices to satiafy the requirements for high ignition heat and predetermined ignition delay times for use in sabotage and other harassment actions. a. Every incendiary aystem consixie of s group of clements starting with an initintor and ending with the main inoendiary material, If the initiator does not produce enough heat for reliable ignition of the com= bustible target, an intermediate or booster incendiary is required. More than due booster is necessary for some targets, The initiator (ch 2) can consist of & simple match, a match and a fuse cord, an scid, or water, The intermediate heat sources are generally called igniters (ch 3). Igniters produce sufficient heat to set the principal incendiary change (ch 4) aflame. ‘Delay mechanisms (ch 5) are frequently used to prevent detection of the saboteur by postponement of the fire for some limited, predetermined time after placement and actuation of the deviee. ¢, Spontaneous eombuston is a good sabotage tool. Favorable conditions can be established for the deliberate employment of ua combustion (ch 6), that is, setting eombustible material aflame ‘without application of direct flame or spark. 4. All ofthe devices and techniques deseribed herein have been thoroughly checked by independent test toPOOR MAN'S JAMES BOND Vol. 3 276 INCENDIARIES make certain that they work a4 intended. Detailed spoons. There should be no difficulty in obtaining any. ions are given for the necessary ingredients and of theni. All of the necessary equipment is described i their preparation. It ia important that these instruc- each paragraph dealing with a particular incendiary tions be followed carefully to be sure that the devices component. wil operate properly. In addition, close attention ta 2. Tt i mportant that the operator follow the diree- ‘the instructions will assure safety, tions given in this manual ezactly as written, They 002, Dern have been worked out carefully to give the desired " reaults with the minimum chance of mishap. Don't Common terms used in connection with incendiary experiment with different procedures or quantities, systema are defined below. Note that the definitions ¢. By ite very nature, the manufacture of incendiaries fre worded so an to eover only incendiaries, Some of is dangerous. It ia the function of inocndiaries to burn the terms have additional meanings in the related with an intense flame under the right conditions. Care Seld of explosives, amaetbe falosn that we fren evut during tho king or @. Delay Mechanism. Chemical, electri Placing of the devices. There are also ot) langers: Pease eis ne Kino delay flemenes addition to the fire basurd. The chemical wed ax be used singly oc heeemtinaiien, ‘de a ingredient may bur the ekin, give off poisonous fumes, area dene They provide a be easily flammable. ‘They must not be eaten, Predetermined, limited time interval before an. ine it condiary starts to burn. by the initistor and produces suficient heat at high temperatura to ignite the main incendiary. sare fast burning and relatively short lived. @. Incendiary Material. A material that burns with a 4, When handled with oare and proper preoautions, Preventing a Fire Hazard 1. Fire prevention is much more important than Igniters fire fighting. Prevent fires from starting. 2. Keep flammable liquids away from open flames. 3. Good housekeeping in the fire prevention. Keep bhot flame for long periods. Its purpose is to set fire to. work areas neat andordeny. Clean away all equipment wooden structures and other combustible targets. 4 Incendiary System, A group of elements that am and material not needed at the moment. Clean up spills a3 soon as possible. amembled to start fires. The system comsista of 4, Store incendiaries in closed containers away from initiator, delay mechanism (if needed), Ff. Initiator, The source that provides the first fire in ‘an incendiary system. A mateh is an initiator. The initiator ia 20 sensitive that it can be set off with little energy. # Spontaneous Combustion. The outbreak of fire in combustible material that occurs without an applica- thon of direct spark or flame. The fire is the result of heat produced by the chemical action of certain oils, 4. Thermite. “An incendiary mixture of iron oxide flakes and aluminum powder that reacts chemically ‘when initiated to form molten iron. Thermite ean be used to bum holes in steel or to weld steel parts together. (€003. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES 4. The equipment needed for the manufacture of incendiaries consists of simple items. They are all readily available. Required are bottles, jars, pots, and igniter, and heat, Do not store material any longer than necessary. 7 5. In the event of fire, remove the incendiaries from the danger area if this ean be done quickly and safely. Use large quantities of water to fight fires. 6, Horee play is dangerous and absolutely intolerable. Avoiding Chemical Hazards 1, Wear ‘rubber gloves, apron, and glumes when handling concentrated chemieals if at all possible. 2. Avoid inhaling fumes. Perform reactions in a well ventilated area or out of doors because the boiling is often violent and large amounts of fumes are given off ‘that are poisonous if breathed too much, 8, Avoid acid contact with the skin. If chemicals are spilled on a person, wash immediately in running water for several minutes. If they splash in the eyes, wash ‘the open eye in running water for at least 15 minutes. 4, Clean up any acid that is spilled on floor or bench hy flushing with large amounta of water. Acid spilled