4 c-Si Series

(A) All Cells identically illuminated

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
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#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
INFINITE
Voc
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

(B) 1st Cell in the string is shaded Completely

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

INFINITE

Voc

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

C) 1st Cell in the string is shaded by half

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
INFINITE
Voc
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

D) The cell with bypass diode is shaded completely

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

INFINITE

Voc

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

FF
#DIV/0!

(A) All cells identically illuminated

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

20

25

Voltage [V]

FF
#DIV/0!

(B) 1st cell in the string is shaded completely

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

Voltage [V]

20

25

Voltage [V]

FF
#DIV/0!

(C) 1st cell in the string is shaded by half

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

20

25

Voltage [V]

FF
#DIV/0!

(D) The cell with bypass diode is shaded completely

1
0.9

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

20

25

0
0

10

15

Voltage [V]

20

25

IV Characteristics

PV Characteristics

IV Characteristics
PV Characteristics

IV Characteristics
PV Characteristics

IV Characteristics
PV Characteristics

4 mc-Si Mini Modules - Parallel

(A) All Cells & Modules are identically illuminated
R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
INFINITE
Voc
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

(B) One Cell in One Mini Module is shaded Completely

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

INFINITE

Voc

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!

C) One Mini Module is shaded completely

R []
V [V]
I [mA]
Area [cm2] I [mA/cm2]
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
INFINITE
Voc
#DIV/0!

#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

Power [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#VALUE!

P Max [mW/cm2]
#DIV/0!

FF
#DIV/0!

(A) All cells & modules identically illuminated

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

20

25

Voltage [V]

FF
#DIV/0!

(B) One cell in One Mini Module is shaded completely

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

Voltage [V]

20

25

Voltage [V]

FF
#DIV/0!

(C) One Mini Module is shaded completely

1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

IV Characteristics

0.4

PV Characteristics

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

10

15

Voltage [V]

20

25

IV Characteristics

PV Characteristics

IV Characteristics
PV Characteristics

IV Characteristics
PV Characteristics