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Introduction

01/23/09 1
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Α α Alpha

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Β β Beta

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Γ γ Gamma

01/23/09 4
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

∆ δ Delta

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ε ε epsilon

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ζ ζ Zeta

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Η η Eta

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Θ θ theta

01/23/09 9
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ι ι Iota

01/23/09 10
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Κ κ kappa

01/23/09 11
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Λ λ lambda

01/23/09 12
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Μ µ Mu

01/23/09 13
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ν ν nu

01/23/09 14
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ξ ξ Xi

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ο ο omicron

01/23/09 16
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Π π Pi

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ρ ρ rho

01/23/09 18
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Σ σ sigma

01/23/09 19
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Τ τ Tau

01/23/09 20
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

ϒ υ upsilon

01/23/09 21
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Φ φ Phi

01/23/09 22
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Χ χ Chi

01/23/09 23
Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ψ ψ Psi

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Greek alphabet:

Greek letter
Greek name
Capital Small

Ω ω omega

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Length L Meter m

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Mass M Kilogram Kg

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Time T Second S or sec

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Electric charge Q Coulomb C

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Temperature T or θ Kelvin K

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Acceleration A meter/sec2 m/s2

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Density D or ρ Kilo gm/ meter3 Kg/m3

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity
Electric currant
I Ampere A or C/s
intensity

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity
Potential
V Volt V
difference

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Volume V Meter3 m3

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity
Velocity or
V Meter/second m/s
speed

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity
Gravitational Meter /
g ≈ 9.8 m/s2
acceleration second2

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Force F Newton N

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Abbreviations:

Physical
Symbol Unit Symbol
Quantity

Power P Watt W

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Prefixes of the metric system:
Tera [T] = 1012 Deci [d] = 10-1
Giga [G]= 109 Centi [c] = 10-2
Mega [M]= 106 Milli [m]= 10-3
Kilo [k]= 103 Micro [µ]= 10-6
Hecto [h] = 102 Nano [n]= 10-9
Deka [d] = 10 Pico [p]= 10-12
Femto [f]= 10-15
Atto [a] = 10-18

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Prefixes of the metric system:
Mega [M]
x103
Kilo [K]
x103
Unit x10+ve X10-ve
x103
Milli [m]
x103
Micro [µ]

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Some examples:
1 kilometer = 1 x 103 = 1000 m
1 centimeter = 1 x 10-2 = 0.01 m
1 megaton = 1 x 106 T
1 mille ampere = 1 x 10-3 A
1 microvolt = 1 x 10-6 V
1 gigahertz = 1 x 109 Hz
1 Pico farad = 1 x 10-12 F

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Some important conversions:

Lengths:
Centimeter [cm] = 10–2 meter [m]
Millimeter [mm] = 10-3 meter [m]
Angstrom [Å] = 10-10 meter [m]

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Some important conversions:

Areas:
cm2= 10-4 m2
mm2 = 10-6 m2

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Some important conversions:

Volumes:
Litter =10-3 m3 = 103 cm3
cm3 = 10-6 m3
mm3 = 10-9 m3

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Important remark:

multiply (x10 + ve )
big unit    → small unit
divide(x10ve ) or multiply(x10 -ve )
small unit       
→ big unit

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Some Geometrical principles:

Perimeter:
Circle: 2 πr
Square = 4 L
Rectangle = 2 (L+B)

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Some Geometrical principles:

Area:
Square: L2 [side x side]
Rectangle: Length x breadth
Circle: π r2
Sphere: 4 π r2
Cube: side x side x 6
Triangle: ½ base x height

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Some Geometrical principles:

Volume:
Sphere: 4/3 π r3
Cylinder: πr2 x height
Cube: L3
Cuboids: L x B x H [length x breadth x height]

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Area

Rule: L x W

Dimensional formula: L2

SI units: m2

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Volume

Rule: L x W x h

Dimensional formula: L3

SI units: m3

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Velocity

Displacement
Rule:
time

Dimensional formula: LT-1

SI units: m/sec

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Acceleration

Velocity
Rule:
time

Dimensional formula: LT-2

SI units: m/sec2

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Force

Rule: Mass x acceleration

Dimensional formula: MLT-2

SI units: kg m / sec2

Common unit: Newton

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: pressure

Force
Rule:
area

Dimensional formula: ML-1T-2

SI units: kg / m sec2

Common unit: Pascal

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Some important rules:
Physical concept: Work

Rule: Force x displacement

Dimensional formula: ML2T-2

SI units: kg m2 / sec2

Common unit: Joule

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Opposite
sin θ =
Hypotenuse

e
nus
o te
p
Hy

θ Opposite

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Adjacent
cos θ =
Hypotenuse

use
ten
o
H yp

Adjacent

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Opposite
Slope = Tanθ =
Adjacent

Opposite
θ

Adjacent

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Graphs:
Directly proportional:
y

yαx
θ
y=kx x

Where: k is a constant value represents the slope.


y 2 − y1
K = slope = tan θ =
x 2 − x1

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Graphs:
Inversely proportional:

y
y

1/x
x

y α 1/x

y = k /x

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Vectors:

F1

Result = F1 + F2 (same direction) F2

Result = F1 – F2 (opposite direction)


F2 F1

F1

R = F12 + F22
F2

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Calculator:

25
7 x3 x 2
= 25 ÷ 7 ÷ 3 ÷ 2

or

25 ÷ (7x3x2)

8 x 10-11 =
8 [exp] – 11

7000000 (press [ENG]) = 7 x 106

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Using the calculator in graphs:
Clear the memory.
prepare the calculator for graph:
Mode (REG) (LIN)
Interring data:
X [ , ] Y [dt]
Results:
Intersection point with Y axis: [sh + 2 → ] (A) [=]
Slope: [sh + 2 →] (B) [=]
Y: X [sh + 2 →] (Y) [=]
X: Y [sh + 2 →] (X) [=]
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Examples:
1. Convert the following:
20 cm into meters.
40 cm3 into meters cube.
2. Find the volume of a spherical ball has a radius of 3 cm.
3. Find the dimensional formula and units for the following:
Area of triangle.
Area of circle.
Force.
Pressure.
Energy.

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