PROBLEM 9.

2 KNOWN: Tabulated values of density for water and definition of the volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, . FIND: Value of the volumetric expansion coefficient at 300K; compare with tabulated values. PROPERTIES: Table A-6, Water (300K): = 1/vf = 1/1.003 10 m /kg = 997.0 kg/m , = 276.1 10 K ; (295K): = 1/vf = 1/1.002 10 m /kg = 998.0 kg/m ; (305K): = 1/vf = 1/1.005 10 m /kg = 995.0 kg/m . ANALYSIS: The volumetric expansion coefficient is defined by Eq. 9.4 as
1 . T p
-3 3 3 -6 -1 -3 3 3 -3 3 3

The density change with temperature at constant pressure can be estimated as 1 2 T p T1 T2 p where the subscripts (1,2) denote the property values just above and below, respectively, the condition for T = 300K denoted by the subscript (o). That is,

1 1 2 . o T1 T2 p

Substituting numerical values, find

1 997.0 kg/m3

( 995.0 998.0 ) kg/m3 = 300.9 106 K 1. ( 305 295) K

-6

<

Compare this value with the tabulation, = 276.1 10 high.

-1 K , to find our estimate is 8.7%

COMMENTS: (1) The poor agreement between our estimate and the tabulated value is due to the poor precision with which the density change with temperature is estimated. The tabulated values of were determined from accurate equation of state data. (2) Note that is negative for T < 275K. Why? What is the implication for free convection?