PROBLEM 8.

124
KNOWN: Flow rate and temperature of air. Tube diameter and length. Presence of water film on
tube inner surface.
FIND: (a) Vapor density at tube outlet, (b) Evaporation rate.
SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady, incompressible flow, (2) Constant flow rate, (3) Isothermal system
(water film maintained at 25C).
3
-7
2
PROPERTIES: Table A-4, Air (1 atm, 298 K): = 1.1707 kg/m , = 183.6 10 Ns/m , =
-6 2
3
3
15.71 10 m /s; Table A-6, Water vapor (298 K): A,sat = 1/vg = (1/44.25 m /kg) = 0.0226 kg/m ;
-6 2
Table A-8, Air-vapor (298 K): DAB = 26 10 m /s; Sc = /DAB = 0.60.
ANALYSIS: (a) We begin by determining the whether the flow is laminar or turbulent.
&
4m
4 3 104 kg/s
ReD =
=
= 2080.
7
2

( 0.01 m )183.6 10

N s/m

Flow is laminar and from Eq. 8.3 and the mass transfer analogy to Eq. 8.23,
xfd,h = 0.05ReDD = 0.0520800.01 m = 1.04 m, xfd,c = xfd,hSc = 1.04 m 0.60 = 0.62 m
Thus this is a combined entry length situation and the mass transfer analogy to the Baehr and Stephan
correlation, Eq. 8.58, is appropriate. By analogy to Eq. 8.57, Gzm,D = (D/L)ReDSc = (0.01 m/1 m)
20800.60 = 12.5, and

3.66
h D
Sh D = m =
D AB

1/3
tanh[2.264Gz m,D

2/3
]
+ 1.7Gz m,D

1/6
tanh(2.432Sc1/6Gz m,D
)

3.66
=

1/3

tanh[2.264 12.5

hm =

1
)
+ 0.0499Gz m,D tanh(Gz m,D

2/3

+ 1.7 12.5

+ 0.0499 12.5 tanh(12.51 )

]

tanh(2.432 0.601/6 12.51/6 )

= 4.79

Sh D D AB 4.79 26 106 m2 / s
=
= 0.0125 m/s
D
0.01 m

From Equation 8.86,

DL

hm
&
m

A,m,o = A,s ( A,s A,m,i ) exp

where A,s = A,sat = 0.0226 kg/m3. Thus,

Continued

PROBLEM 8.124 (Cont.)

A,m,o = 0.0226 kg/m3

0.01 m 1 m

0.0226 kg/m3 0 exp

1.1707 kg/m3 0.0125 m/s
3 104 kg/s

3
= 0.0177 kg/m

<

(b) The evaporation rate is

n A = u m Ac A,m,o A,m,i =

&
m

( A,m,o ) =

3 104 kg/s
1.1707 kg/m

0.0177

kg
m

= 4.54 106 kg/s.

<