Effect of wind power based distributed generation on protection of distribution network

function [Rsfcl, E, J, Tsc, state] = fcn(current, Ta, Ts) % superconductor dimensions and thermal properties sc_length = 50.0; sc_diameter = 0.004; % superconductor diameter (m) sc_area = pi * (sc_diameter / 2)^2; % superconductor crosssectional area (m^2) Cv = 1.0e6; k = 1.5e3; Csc = sc_length * sc_area * Cv; Rsc = 1 / (k * sc_length * sc_diameter * pi); % includes the total surface area (minus the "ends") %nominal_resistance = rho_Tc * sc_length / sc_area; % SFCL resistance at temperature=Tc % superconductor characteristics Jc_77K=1.5e7; % critical current density at 77K (A/m^2) E0=0.1; % E-field for transition from superconducting state to flux-flow state (V/m) Ec=1e-6 * 100; % definition of E-field required for Jc (V/m) alpha_77K=6.0; % exponent value during superconducting state (dimensionless) beta=3; % exponent value during flux-flow state (dimensionless) Tc=95; % critical temperature (K) rho_Tc=1.0e-6; % superconductor resistivity at Tc (ohm-m^2) % inputs from previous iterations persistent T; % the instantaneous temperature of the superconductor persistent prevE; % store the E-field value from the previous iteration persistent RsfclNew; % history of Rsfcl values for averaging persistent Qremoved; persistent Qsc; persistent time; % elapsed simulation time if isempty(T) T = Ta; % Ta is the ambient temperature of the coolant; it is assumed that this does not change end if isempty(prevE) prevE = 0.0; end if isempty(time) time = 0.0; end if isempty(RsfclNew)

RsfclNew = [1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6 1e-6]; end if isempty(Qremoved) Qremoved = 0.0; end if isempty(Qsc) Qsc = 0.0; end RATE_LIMITING = 0; % set to 1 to enable AVERAGING_FILTER = 0; % a value >0 sets the number of samples used for the averaging filter; a value of 0 disables; max value is 10 time = time + 1; TEMPERATURE_TIMESTEPS = 1; % defines number of timesteps needed for each thermal calculation; value of 1 means every timestep J = abs(current) / sc_area; if T < Tc if (prevE < E0) % superconducting state = 0; else % flux-flow state = 1; end Jc = Jc_77K * ((Tc - T) / (Tc - 77)); else % normal conducting state = 2; Jc = Jc_77K; end alpha_alt = log10(E0 / Ec) / log10( (Jc_77K / Jc)^(1 - (1/beta)) * (E0 / Ec)^(1 / alpha_77K) ); alpha = max(beta, alpha_alt); % todo: prevent state from changing every timestep if state == 0 % superconducting E=Ec * (J / Jc)^alpha; elseif state == 1 % flux-flow E=E0 * (Ec / E0)^(beta/alpha_77K) * (Jc_77K / Jc) * (J / Jc_77K)^beta; else % normal conducting E=rho_Tc * (T / Tc) * J; end prevE = E; RsfclNew = [0, RsfclNew(1), RsfclNew(2), RsfclNew(3), RsfclNew(4), RsfclNew(5), RsfclNew(6), RsfclNew(7), RsfclNew(8), RsfclNew(9)]; convert to array of any length % todo: % value of Jc does not matter if T >= Tc % inputs from power system

if abs(current) > 0 RsfclNew(1) = E * sc_length / abs(current); else RsfclNew(1) = RsfclNew(2); end if (RATE_LIMITING == 1) %rate limiting; hold Rsfcl value at max rate, if rate is outwith limit RATE_LIMIT = 1.5; RATE_COMPARE = RsfclNew(2); if RsfclNew(1) > RATE_LIMIT * RATE_COMPARE RsfclNew(1) = RATE_LIMIT * RATE_COMPARE; elseif RsfclNew(1) < RATE_COMPARE / RATE_LIMIT RsfclNew(1) = RATE_COMPARE / RATE_LIMIT; end end if (AVERAGING_FILTER > 0) RsfclNew(1) = mean(RsfclNew(1:AVERAGING_FILTER)); variations in Rsfcl end Rsfcl = RsfclNew(1); % help smooth-out

% assume that if the flux-flow resistance >= the equivalent normal state resitance, then the superconductor has quenched if Rsfcl >= (rho_Tc * (T / Tc) * J * sc_length / abs(current)) state = 2; Rsfcl = (rho_Tc * (T / Tc) * J * sc_length / abs(current)); end %QscDiff = current^2 * RsfclNew(1) * Ts; QscDiff = current^2 * Rsfcl * Ts; QremovedDiff = ((T - Ta) / Rsc) * Ts; Qsc = Qsc + QscDiff; Qremoved = Qremoved + QremovedDiff; if (mod(time, TEMPERATURE_TIMESTEPS) == 0) T = T + (Qsc - Qremoved) / Csc; [Langston2005]: Ta replaced by T Qsc = 0.0; Qremoved = 0.0; end Tsc = T; % slight difference from

T.Lakshmi prabha D/O,Mr.P.Thanga raj(Rtd. VAO) 3/870 Indra Nagar, J.J theme park(A.C.F post), Kallankurichi salai, Ariyalur District -621729 Phone : +919944578508. D.O.B :07.07.1987 Reg No : 105010523009

M.Lavanya D/0 Mr.K.Yasodha, 314, LIG Colony, K.K.Nagar, Madurai -625020. Phone : +919597220249.

D.O.B : 11-09-1987 Reg No : 105010523010 C.Lovisal D/O, Mr. M.Chellappa, 14/1, 2nd street, Meenakshipuram- EAST, Thoothukudi - 628002. Phone : +919894153031.

D.O.B :09.10.1987 Reg No : 105010523011 T.Manimuthu S/o Mr. M.Thangaraju, 3/2A, Palakuttapatti, Muthunaickenpatti Post, Omalur(TK), Salem Dist 636304. Phone : +919791728496, 9443967966. D.O.B : 09.07.1989 Reg No : 105010523012.

K.Meenalakshmi D/O, Mr.M.Kamaraj, 31/9,Ayyanar kovil 5th street, Thiruvalluvar street, Sellur, Madurai-2. Phone : +919952870740. D.O.B :02.06.1989 Reg No : 105010523013 R.Padmapriya D/o Mr. N.Radhakrishnan, No-9, N.G.O.Colony, E.B.Road, Jayakondan -621802. Ariyalur District. Phone : 9942108341, 9750525495. D.O.B : 23-12-1987 Reg No : 105010523014

P. Ramya 4/732, Mahalakshmi Nagar, 3rd street, 4th cross street, K. Pudur post, Madurai- 625007. Phone : 8754386800. D.O.B : 29-7-1989 Reg No : 105010523015 D.Ruban Savio S/0 Mr. P.David Xavier, Vemmarapzllivilai, Verkilambi, Manalikarai, Kanya Kumari Dist 629164. Phone : +919940471671. DOB Reg No : 15.06.1988 : 105010523016

M.Sakthi Raj S/o Mr.K.Muralidharan, 12/14 Rajamanikam street , kaspaarcot-632503 , Vellore. Phone : +919940925376. DOB Reg No : 10.10.1986 : 105010523017.

M.Sangeetha 1/27, Balaranganathapuram, Puthukulam II Bit, Mahalakshmi Nagar, Bykara, Madurai 625003. Phone : +917708023193. D.O.B : 31-05-1989 Reg No : 105010523018 A.Shanmuganathan S/o Mr. S.Athi Naryanan, 153/39 Thamba Pillai Street, Rajapalayam-626117, Virudhunagar Dist. Phone : +919791664088. DOB : 5.8.1987. Reg No : 105010523019. A. Sindhuja No.6/63, Apparao Street, Big Kanchipuram -631502. Phone: no: +919629878195. D.O.B : 21-5-1987 Reg No : 105010523020

M.Siva Baarathi S/o Mr.V.Murugan 11,new rice mill second street, Sundarajapuram, Madurai-625011 Phone : +919994717821, DOB : 26-02-1987 Reg No : 105010523021 Suchitra Suresh 24/14, Kalimar, Next to St.Josephs church, Colachel, Kanyakumari District 629251. Phone: no: +919791502367. D.O.B : 3-6-1987 Reg No : 105010523022

B.Sudarvizhi D/O,Mr. R.Boopathy, NO.7, Durai nagar, Panruti Road, Vadalur-607303, Cuddalore Dt. Phone : +919894928149. D.O.B : 23.12.1986 Reg No : 105010523023

C.K. Sundarabalan S/o Mr.C.Karuppaiyah , 1/265, West Street, Gundur Village & post , Trichy-620007. Phone : +919629827072.

DOB

: 01.09.1988

Reg No : 105010523024

B. Vasudevan S/o Mr. A. Balasubramanian, 3/80 Gandhi Street, Vilacheri, Madurai-625006. Phone : +919444272210.

D.O.B

: 13.10.1985

Reg No : 105010523025.