1. Why insect can freely run along the surface of a quiet pond. ?

It's tiny mass and the geometry of its legs allow it to be supported by the high

2. If carefully placed on the surface,Why a small needle can be made to float on the surface of water even though it is several times as dense as water. ? If the surface is agitated to break up the surface tension, then needle will quickly sink

3. Why will water rise higher in a smaller tube ? Capillary action is the result of adhesion and surface tension. Adhesion of water to the walls of a vessel will cause an upward force on the liquid at the edges and result in a meniscus which turns upward. The surface tension acts to hold the surface intact, so instead of just the edges moving upward, the whole liquid surface is dragged upward.

4. Why the shape of liquid droplets. Although easily deformed, droplets of water tend to be pulled into a spherical shape

5. Why it dropped a short time later, and took a more nearly spherical shape as it fell ?

The relatively high surface tension of water accounts for the ease with which it can be nebulized, or placed into aerosol form. Low surface tension liquids tend to evaporate quickly and are difficult to keep in an aerosol form.

The cohesive forces between molecules down into a liquid are shared with all neighboring atoms. Those on the surface have no neighboring atoms above, and exhibit stronger attractive forces upon their nearest neighbors on the surface. This enhancement of the intermolecular attractive forces at the surface is called surface tension. Molecules liquid state experience strong intermolecular attractive forces. When those forces are between like molecules, they are referred to as cohesive forces. For example, the molecules of a water droplet are held together by cohesive forces, and the especially strong cohesive forces at the surface constitute surface tension. When the attractive forces are between unlike molecules, they are said to be adhesive forces. The adhesive forces between water molecules and the walls of a glass tube are stronger than the cohesive forces lead to an upward turning meniscus at the walls of the vessel and contribute to capillary action. The attractive forces between molecules in a liquid can be viewed as residual electrostatic forces and are sometimes called van der Waals forces or van der Waals bonds.

If need you can do smaller tube water rising.