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E-Mail : vidiyalmagazhine@gmail.com Blog: ksrcasthamizh.blogspot.in Website: www.ksrcas.edu

K.S.R. College of Arts and Science (Autonomous)

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epfo;r;rp
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midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;! ,sq;fiy kw;Wk; KJfiyapy; Kjyhz;L gapy;tjw;fhf te;Js;s midj;J khzhf;fu;fisAk; tpbay; ,jo; tuNtw;fpwJ. gilg;G+f;fk; kpf;f khzhf;fu;fspd; njhlu;Kaw;rpapd; gpd;tpisthf tpbay; ,jo; ,e;j ,jo; Kjy; 32 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf ntsptUfpd;wJ. mjw;F mDkjpaspj;j fy;Y}up epu;thfj;jpw;Fk; Kjy;tUf;Fk; jkpo;j; Jiwj;jiytUf;Fk; ed;wp. midtUf;Fk; Rje;jpuj; jpUehs; tho;j;Jfs;. ed;wp! - ,iz Mrpupau;

vq;Nf Rje;jpuk; vd;W Njlf;$l Neukpy;iy ekf;F. capiutpLtjh? ,y;iy Ciutpl;L XLtjh? vd;W njupatpy;iy vdf;F.

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mfpk;irahy; fis vLj;J> ,uj;j ePiuj; njspj;Njhk;. tWikg; gapu; Kisj;jJ. mbikr; nrb nropj;jJ. kPz;LnkhU khw;wk; - mJ ,e;jpaupd; Vkhw;wk;

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murhidf;Nfhy;
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mk;kh
k. tp~;Zgpupah
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Rje;jpuk;
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tho;f;if elj;jp mfpk;ir je;ij %yk; ngw;w Re;jpuk; ,d;W vq;F nrd;wJ?

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mfpk;iriag; gpd;gw;wp mikjp topapy; Rje;jpuk; mile;Njhk;. Mdhy;> ,d;W mikjpapd;wp ehL KOtJk; jptputhjg; Ngahy; mOfpNwhk;! mopfpNwhk;!

vj;jidNah Ngu; nre;ePu; rpe;jp ngw;w Rje;jpuk; - ,d;W fiufpwJ vd; ehl;L kf;fspd; fz;zPuhy;!

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vd;w R+l;bdhu;. thQ;rp gpwe;j nrq;Nfhl;ilapy; mtUf;F cUtr; rpiyAk; itf;fg;gl;lJ.

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11

nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

#upaidj; ifapy;

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kPz;Lk; njhlHgpypUe;J Jz;bf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ.

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tpbay; khj ,jo;

Gijay; NjLgtHfshYk;> Gjpjhf tPLfisf; fl;LgtH fshYk;> ];ghdp]; gilnaLg;G fshYk; rpijf;fg;gl;l ,e;efuk; ,d;W nghyptpah murhy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ. Kd;NdhHfspd; tuyhW vJTk; ,y;yhj nghyptpah ehl;L kf;fs; jptdhF efiuAk; mtHfs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w fhy;jlj;ijAk; Njl Muk;gpj;Js;sdH.
http://www.archaeology.org/interactive/tiwanaku/ http://www.crystalinks.com/tiahuanaco.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiwanaku

12

nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

rq;fr; rhuy; - 05

,dpa nkhop
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mftho;tpYk; ehk; ,ijf; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Gwtho;tpy; cs;s nkhopfisAk; fle;J fhjy; nkhopfis mftho;tpy; $w Ntz;Lk;. fhjy;nkhopiaf; fhjypy; $bf;fspg;gjw;fhf kl;Lk; gad; gLj;jf; $lhJ. fhjypj;j egiuf; $bf;fspj;j gpd;Gk; $w Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd epiyapy; tho;e;J tUk; jiytd; jiytpaiur; rq;f ,yf;fpag; Gytu; rpiwf;Fb Me;ijahu; ek; fz;Kd; nfhz;Lte;J epWj;Jfpwhu;. fsT tho;tpy; jiytd; ekf;Nf cupikAilatd;. ek;Kila tho;T ,tUlNd mikfpd;wJ vd;w mirahj cs;sk; cilats; jiytp. ,j; jiytp fhjNy jd; tho;T jd;id tpUk;Gk; ,j;jiytNd jd; fztd; vd;W vz;zp tho;fpd;whs;. ,f;fhjypNa jd; kidtp ,tNs ek; tho;T vd;W tho;fpd;whd; jiytd;. cs;sk; xd;wpa jiytd; - jiytpau; jq;fspd; md;G tho;itj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdu;. ,UtUk; kfpo;e;j epiyapy; jiytd;>
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13

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Ftis ehWk; Fit ,Uq; $e;jy;

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(FWe;njhif - 300)

tpbay; khj ,jo;

14

nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

,f;fhjy; nkhop ,y;ywk; ,dpjhf elg;gjw;F mbg;gilahf mikAk;. ,t;thwhd md;G nkhopfis> ehfupfk; czu;e;J Vw;Fk; tpjq;fspy; NgRjy; Ntz;Lk;. Mztj;jhy; rhjpg;gijtpl md;ghy; ngupJk; rhjpf;fyhk;. Mz; vd;w MztKk; jtW. ehd; vd;w jiyf;fzKk; jtW. md;ghy; kfpo;Nthk;. Mde;j kha; tho;Nthk;.
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tpbay; khj ,jo;

15

nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

jilia Nghuhl;l

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tpbay; khj ,jo;

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16

nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

jha;kz;zpd; moifg; Nghw;wpg; ghLtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; gpw gj;jpfs; jha; kz;izj; JHifAld; xg;GikgLj;Jtjhff; fUjg;gl;lJ. vdNt> ghlypd; Kjy; ,U gj;jpfis kl;Lk; ehl;Lg; ghlyhf mwptpg;gJ vd fhq;fpu]; muR KbT nra;jJ. te;Nj khjuk; ehl;Lg; ghlyhf mwptpf;fg;gl;L 100 Mz;Lfs; epiwtile;jijf; nfhz;lhLk; tpjkhf nrg;lk;gu; 7> 2006 md;W ,e;jpah KOf;f midj;Jg; gs;spf; $lq;fspYk; gfy; 11 kzpf;F ,g;ghliyg; ghl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,e;jpa muR mwptpj;jJ. ,g;ghliyg; ghLtJ fl;lhaky;y vd;Wk; rkar; rhHgw;w Kjy; ,uz;L gj;jpfisg; ghbdhy; NghJk; vd;Wk; ,e;jpa murhy; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. te;Nj tbtk;:
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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

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Kidtu; ru];tjp uhkehjd; mtu;fs; rpwg;Giuahw;wpdhu;. ,f;fUj;juq;fpy; 250-f;Fk; Nkw;gl; Nlhu; fye;Jnfhz;L rpwg;gpj;jdu;. jkpo;j; Jiwj;jiytH Kidtu; kh. fhHj;jpNfad; tuNtw;whH. Kidtu; fiy Nte;jd; khehl;bd; Nehf;fk; gw;wp tpsf;fpdhH. jpUkiy rKj;jpuk; njhopy jpgH Nfhtpe;juhrd; Xtpaf; fz;fhl;rpiaj; njhlq;fp itj;jhH. ghujpahH gy;fiyf; fof Kd;dhs; JizNte;jH Kidtu; ,sq;Nfh> Kidtu; jhak;khs; mwthzd;> mfpy ,e;jpa thndhyp epiya epfo;r;rpg; nghWg;ghsH rz; Kifah> Midthup Mde;jd; cs;spl;l gyH ciuahw;wpdu;.
nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

tpbay; khj ,jo;

18

fhg;gpaj; jpUtpoh
me;jkhd; vd;Dk; mofpa

,tw;iw cs;thq;FNthiuAk; ehq;fs; fz;Nlhky;yth? jkpowpe;jjhy; Nte;jd; vid mioj;jhu; ftpQnudg; gl;lk; je;jhu;! Xu; kdkha; epiwNtw;Wk; jPu;khdk; muq;Nfw;Wk; epfo;tpyp vid NkilNaw;wp kpf kfpo;e;jhu;. ed;wp! ed;wp! ed;wp! Ntl;b fl;b tPw;wpUe;jhu; ek; ,uhikah me;jkhd; mDg;gp itj;j mUikj; jkpo;j; J}ju; muq;fNk ngUik nfhz;lJ! GtpNte;jd; kiyf;Fk; tz;zk; ftpNte;jd; fiyNte;jd; elj;jpdhu; khehL! fiuapyhf; fy;tpr; Nritapy; ma;ah Nf.v];.Mu;. mtu;jk; Gjy;tu; Mu;. rPdpthrd;> kUkfs; jpUkjp ftpjh rPdpthrd;> jkpo;j;Jiwj; jiytu; Kidtu; kh. fhu;j;jpNfad; cs;spl;l midtUf;Fk; ed;wpAk; tzf;fKk; ehnsy;yhk; nrhy;YNtd;! ftpQu; kh. cyfehjd;> jpUth&u;. (khehl;by; gq;Nfw;Wr; rpwg;gpj;jtu;)

jPtpy; njhlq;fp mu;j;jdhuP];tuu; mUs;jUk; jpUr;nrq;Nfhl;by; epiwT ngw;wJ khehL. khehlh? ,y;iyapy;iy! mJ xU jpUtpoh! jkpo;j;jpUtpoh! fhg;gpaj; jpUtpoh!! jpUtpohntdpy; cw;whUk; cwtpdUk; xUq;Nf $Ltu;. Mk;! ,q;Nf> Md;NwhUk; rhd;NwhUk; fw;NwhUk; fUj;jhsUk; ftpd;kpF ,yf;fpa cwT nfhz;Nlhk;. cwtpduhNdhk; ez;gu;fshNdhk;! jpUtpohtpy; MuthuKk; md;nghypAk; miyNkhJky;yth? ,q;Fk; Nfl;lJ. rpUq;fhur; rj;jk;! fz;zfpAk; NfhtyDk; khjtpAk; kzpNkfiyAk; rhj;jDk; ,sq;NfhtbfSk; mku;T miwfs; NjhWk; ctg;Gld; cytpdhu;fs;! jpUtpohtpy; gz;lq;fs; tpw;NghUk; thq;FnthUk; cz;ly;yth? ,q;Fk; fw;gidia tpw;whu;fs; fl;Liuia tpw;whu;fs; fUk;gida ftpijiaf; nfhLj;jhu;fs;
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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

njhlul;Lk; Nghuhl;lk;
it. nrsk;ah
,sq;fiy fzpjtpay;Jiw Kjyhz;L M gpupT

ngw;wJ Rje;jpukh?
vk;. gpujp~h
,sq;fiy fzpjtpay;Jiw Kjyhz;L M gpupT

ek; ehl;bd; Njrpaf; nfhbapy; %d;W tz;zq;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy; ek; ehl;bd; kf;fs; kdj;jpy; xNu tz;zk;jhd; nts;is. cs;sJ. mJ

Rje;jpu midtUk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;.

,e;jpahtpy; ehk; mbikg;gl;Lj;jhd; md;W ek;

ek; kf;fspd; kzk; nts;is vd;w NghjpYk; mtu;fspd; tho;T ,Uz;Nl vd;Wk; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Vd;? ehk; ngw;wJ Rje;jpuk; vd;W midtUk; ciuf;fpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> mJ Rje;jpuk; md;W. ek;Kila ngUe;jiytu;fs; kpfTk; fbdg;gl;Lk; capiuj; jpahfk; nra;Jk; ngw;Wj;je;j Rje;jpuj;ij ,d;W ehk; gadw;W cgNahfpf;fpNwhk;. Vd;? ,jw;F vd;d fhuzk; vd;W njupahky; Jbf;Fk; rpy nts;is kdKs;s kf;fs; ,jw;F xU jPu;T fhz Kad;w tiu Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;. tho;f ,e;jpau;! tsu;f ,e;jpah!

jiytu;fs; thq;fpf;nfhLj;j Re;jpuk; vq;Nf kiwe;jJ? ,d;Nwh ek; rKjhaj;jpy; gy Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; Vw;gl;Ltpl;ld. gzf;fhuu;> Vio> cau;e;jtu;> jho;e;jtu; ,d;Dk; gy. xUtu; kw;wtUf;F mbikg;gl;Lj;jhd; cs;sdu;. md;W jho;Tkdg; ghd;ik fhe;jpabfSf;Fj; Njhd;wpapUe;jhy; ,d;W ,e;jpah Rje;jpu ehlhf ,Uf;f ,aYkh? ek; ehl;bd; J}z;fs; ,isQu;fs; vd;fpNwhk;. Mdhy; mtu;fSf;F Vw;w fy;tpNah> NtiyNah gzk; ,Ue;jhy; kl;LNk fpilf;Fk; epiy cs;sJ. xUGwk; Ntiyapy;yhj; jpz;lhl;lk;. kw;nwhU Gwk; Foe;ijj; njhopyhsu; nfhLik. epidj;Jg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ ehk; Rje;jpu ,e;jpahtpd; mbikfs; vd;gJ Gyg;gLfpd;wJ.

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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

Nghuhl;lk; Kbatpy;iy
Mu;. nry;tk;
,sq;fiy fzpjtpay;Jiw Kjyhz;L M gpupT

Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk;
%. utPdh
,sq;fiy fzpdp gad;ghl;bay;Jiw Kjyhz;L M gpupT

tWikapd; NfhL jkpodpd; tPL tWikapd; tup jkpodpd; Kftup tWikapd; epwk; jkpodpd; tuk; tWikapy; nte;jhYk;> ,we;jhYk; jkpodpd; Nghuhl;lk;kl;Lk; Kbtjpy;iy

,e;jpahTf;Fk; gpw INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;Fk; kpf ePz;l fhykhfNt njhlu;gpUe;jJ. gz;ila fpNuf;fk;> Nuhk; Nghd;w ehLfSld; ,e;jpau;fs; fly;thzpfj;njhlu;G nfhz;bUe; jdu;. khu;f;NfhNghNyh> Athd; Rthq;> gh`pahd; Nghd;Nwhu; vOjpitj;Js;s gazf;Fwpg;Gfs; ,e;jpa kd;du;fspd; gpwehl;Lj; njhlu;G Fwpj;Jj; njuptpj; Js;sd. 1453,y; fhd;];lhz;b Nehgpy; JUf;fpau; trkhdjhy; INuhg; ghTf;Fk; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; jiutop ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ. Mjyhy; fly;top fhzNtz;ba Njit Vw;gl;lJ. th];Nfh-l-fhkh ,e;jpahtpw;fhd fly;topiaf; fz;Lgpbj;jhu;. ,jdhy; INuhg;gpaupd; njhlu;G mjpfupj;jJ. tzpfj;

mk;k;khM
n[. n`g;]pgh
tpupTiuahsu;> ,aw;gpay; Jiw

Rkf;fhky; jhahNdd;

gR mioj;jJ mk;k;khM

Nghu;r;RfPrpau;fs;> lr;Rf; fhuu;fs;> gpnuQ;Rf;fhuu;fs;> Mq;fpNyau;fs; vdg; gyUk; tpUk;gpa kpfg;ngupa tzpf Njrkhf ,e;jpah ,Ue;jJ.

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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

,e;j Mjpf;fg;

tzpfg;Nghl;b Nghl;bahf

murpay; khwj;

muir ,q;fpyhe;J Vw;wJ. mjd;gpd;du; ,e;jpahtpy; fy;tp tsu;r;rp> gj;jpupif> mQ;ry;> je;jp> Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhlu;tz;b Nghd;w trjpfs; ngUfpd. r%fr; rPu;jpUj;jk; tsu;e;jJ. ,jdhy; gbj;j ,e;jpau;fspilNa mbik ntWg;Gk; Rje;jpu czu;Tk; tsu;e;jd. 1885Mk; Mz;L Njhw;Wtpf;fg; gl;l ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu];> Mq;fpNyau; gpupj;jhSk; R+o;;r;rp> tq;fg; gpuptpid> jpyfu; KjyhNdhu;fspd; tPu Kof;fk; vy;yhk; Rje;jpug; gapu; Kisj;J Nt&d;w Jizepd;wd. 1910fspy; fhe;jpabfspd; murpay; EioT Re;jpu jhfj;ij kf;fs; kj;jpapy; ngUf;nfLj;J Xl cjtpaJ. gNly;> NeU> fhkuh[;> ,uh[h[p> Fkud;> t.c.rp. vd ,e;jpahtpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspypUe;Jk; tPuj;jpahfpfs; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhbdu;. ,tu;fshy; mLj; jLj;J elj;jg;ngw;w cg;Gr; rj;jpahfpufk;> xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;> nts;isaNd ntsp NaW ,af;fk; Ngd;wd Rje;jpug; Nghiuj; jPtpug;gLj;jpd. 1947 Mf];l; 15Mk; ehs; ,e;jpah tpLjiy ngw;wJ.
nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

njhlq;fpaJ. ,e;jpa muru;fspl kpUe;J xw;Wikapd;ik gpwehl;l tu;fis Cf;Ftpj;jJ. tzpfj; jpw;fhf ,e;jpahTf;F te;j mtu;fs; murpaypy; <Lgl;L> Mjpf;fk; nra;gtu;fshf khwpdu;. ,e;j Mjpf;fg;Nghl;bapy; Mq;fpNyau;fs; mjpf mstpy; ntw;wpngw;wdu;. Nfhth> fPrpaupd; ilA+-lhkd; trKk;> kh`P Nghu;r;Rf; Vdhk;>

fhiuf;fhy;> ghz;br;Nrup lr;Rf; fhuu;fs; trKk;> kw;w gFjpfs; Mq;fpNyau;fspd; gpbapYk; ,Ue;jd. ,j;jifa mbikr;rq;fpyp ,e;jpah tpd; gy gFjpfisAk; gpizj;jJ. gbg;gbahf Mq;fpNyau;f;F vjpuhf ,q;Nf vjpu;g;G tYj;jJ. kf;fs; kdj;jpy; Rje;jpuj; jhfk; vOe;jJ. Mq;fpNyaUf;F vjpuhd fpsu;r;rpfs; vOe;jd. ,Wjpay; kf;fs; rf;jp ntw;wpngw;W kfj;jhd kf;fshl;rpiaj; Njhw;wptpj;jJ. 1857tiu ,e;jpahtpy; Mq;fpy fpof;fpe;jpa tu;j;jf fk;ngdp Ml;rpNa eilngw;wJ. 1857Kjy; ,e;jpar; Rje;jpug; NghUf;Fg; gpd; tpf;Nlhupah Nguurpd; mwpf;if topahf ,e;jpahtpd; Mq;fpNyNa
tpbay; khj ,jo;

22

M];fhu; tpUJ
K. Rfe;jpdp
,sq;fiy ,aw;gpay;Jiw Kjyhz;L

2011 nkhj;jk;

Mk; Mz;L tiu 2789 tpUJfs;

toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. xU kdpjd; iffisf; fl;bf;nfhz;L ,Ug;gJ Nghd;w jq;fr; rpiyjhd; M];fhu; tpUJ. ,e;jr; rpiyia [hu;[; ];lhd;yp vd;w rpw;gp tbtikj;jhu;. 13.5 mq;Fy cauKk; 8.5 gTz;L vilAk; cila me;jr; rpiy 24fhul; jq;fj;jpdhy; MdJ. njhlf;ff;fhyj;jpy; jq;f Kyhk; G+rg;gl;l ntz;fyr;rpiyfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. gpd;du; jhkpuk;> nts;sp vd;W njhlq;fp jw;NghJ Rj;jj; jq;fj;jhy; jahupf;fg; gLfpd;wJ. 50rpiyfs; jahupf;f ehd;F thuq;fs; Mfpd;wd. ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghu; rkaj;jpy; cNyhfq;fSf;Fj; jl;Lg;ghL Vw;gl;ljhy; gpsh];lupy; jahupf; fg;gl;l rpiyfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. ebg;G> ,ir> fij> xspg;gjpT> njhopy;El;gk; vdg; gy;NtW gupTfspy; Mz;LNjhWk; 25 tpUJfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

MRf;fH tpUJ (M];fhH tpUJ> X];fhH tpUJ) vdg; gutyhf mwpag;gLk; mfhjkp tpUJfs; mnkupf;fhtpy; jpiuj;Jiwf;F toq;fg;gLk; kpfTk; Kf;fpa tpUjhFk;. NkYk; cyfpNyNa mjpfstpy; njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; ghHitaplg;gLk; tpUJ toq;Fk; tpohf;fspy; ,J Kjd;ikahd tpohthFk;. mnkupf;fhtpd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efupy; 1927Mk; Mz;L M];fhu; fkpl;b njhlq;fg;gl;L Kjd;Kjyhf mfhjkp tpUJfs; Nk 16> 1929 Mk; Mz;L `hypTl; &];nty;l; N`hl;lypy; 270 kf;fs; Kd;dpiyapy; toq;fg;gl;ld. gpd;dH NkigH N`hl;lypy; ngupjhf ele;jJ. nkhj;jk; gjpide;J tpUJfs; toq;fg;gl;ld. ntw;wpahsHfs; epfo;r;rpf;F %d;W khjq;fs; Kd;djhf mwptpf;fg; gl;ldH. 1930Mk; tUlk; ntw;wp ahsHfs; epfo;r;rpapd; ,uT 11 kzpf;F gj;jpupifapy; ntspaplg; gl;ld.
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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

rupj;jpuf; fl;Liu 08

md;W gaq;fukhd kioAk; mtH nrhd;dijg;Nghy nga;jJ. Mdhy; mtH nrhd;dJ Nghd;w gpuk;khz;l mopT VJk; epfotpy;iy. khad; ehl;fhl;b 21.12.2012,y; KbtilfpwJ. mg;gbnad;why;?... fp.K. 2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G njd; mnkupf;fhtpy; khah vd;w XH ,dk; ,Ue;jJ. 3500 Mz;Lfs; tho;e;j ,e;j ,dkhdJ fle;j fp.gp.15Mk; E}w;whz;by; mope;jJ. ,e;j ,dj;jpdH tpQ;QhdpfistplTk; Gj;jprhypahf tho;e;jjhf rupj;jpur; rhd;Wfs; $Wfpd;wd. khad; ,dj;jtH fl;llf; fiy> thd rh];jpuk;> N[hjplk;> mkhD~;ak;> fzpj #j;jpuk; Nghd;w midj;Jf; fiyfspYk; NjHr;rp ngw;w tpj;jfHfshf ,Ue;jdH. ,d;iwf;F ,Ug;gJ Nghd;w ehl;fhl;bapid mtHfSk; itj;jpUe;jdH. ,e;j ehl;fhl;b fp.K. 313,y; njhlq;fpaJ. ,jd;gb brk;gH 2012,d; 21Mk; NjjpAld; KbtilfpwJ. mjdhy; cyfk; me;jj; NjjpAld; KbtilAk; vd;W mtHfs; QhdjpU~;bahy;
nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

khad; ehl;fhl;b
cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w juprpahd eh];lHlhk]; jPHf;f vd;gtH

(1503 1566) vg;NghJ Vg;uy; khj nts;spf;fpoik 25Mk; Njjp tUNkh md;W cyfk; mopAk; vd vOjp itj;Js;shH. 1666> 1734> 1886 kw;Wk; 1943 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; Vg;uy; 25Mk; Njjp nts;spf; fpoikapy; mopatpy;iy. ,jidg; te;jJ. cyfk;

NghyNt

fpuP];nty;>

[_Ndyp NuhaH Nghd;w gy jPHf;fj;juprpfs; cyfk; mopAk; vd;W fzpj;J nrhd;d thf;Ffs; ngha;j;Nj ,Uf;fpd;wd. yz;ld; thd rh];jpuf; FO 1523Mk; Mz;by; fzpg;gpd;gb 1.2.1524 nts;sj;jhy; yz;ld; xd;Wk; fzpj;j ngUk; khefuk;

mopAk; vdr; nrhy;ypaJ. Mdhy; mj;Njjpapy; Jsp kio$lg; nghopatpy;iy. n[Hkdpapy; N[h`d;d]; ];l/g;d vDk; fzpjNkijAk; ,g;gbj;jhd; nts;s mghaj;jhy; n[Hkdp efuk; mopAk; vd;whH. tpbay; khj ,jo; 24

czHe;J Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itj;j jhf xU ek;gpf;if ,Uf;fpwJ. mjhtJ #upa kz;lyj;jpw;F VohtJ ehs; vd;gJ g+kpiag; nghWj;jtiu 25>625 Mz;Lfshk;. ,jid khad; fhyz;lH Ie;J fhy fl;lq;fshfg; gpupf;fpwJ. xt;nthU fhy fl;lKk; 5125 tUlq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,jd;gb ehd;F fhy fl;lq;fs; Kbtile;J ,g;NghJ Ie;jhtJ fhyfl;lk; ele;Jnfhz;bUf;fpwJ. me;j ehl; fhl;b 21.12.2012,y; KbtilfpwJ. mjd;gb 21.12.2012,y; cyF mopAk; vd;W gyu; ek;GfpwhHfs;. rpyu; kPz;Lk; ehl;fhl;b KjypypUe;J njhlq;Fk; vd;W vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wdu;. ehl;fhl;b Kbtile;jNj jtpu 2012,y; cyfk; mopAk; vd;W khad; ,dk; vq;Fk; nrhy;ytpy;iy. mtHfs; jdJ ,dj;jpd; mopitg; gw;wpf; $lr; nrhy;ytpy;iy. mJ mtHfspd; fzf;Fgbahd Af khw;wj;jpw;fhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mg;gbah?... khah gz;ilf;fhy ehfuPfk; jw;fhyj;jpy; Fthj;jkhyh> ehfupfk; vd;gJ kj;jpa mnkupf;f MFk;. ,g;gFjp> ,Uf;Fk; nkf;rpNfh> n`hz;Luh]; Nghd;w

ehLfs; tputpapUf;Fk; kj;jpa mnkupf;fg; gFjpfis cs;slf; fpaJ. nfhyk;g]_f;F Ke;jpa fhy mnkupf;fhtpd; KO tsHr;rp ngw;w xNu vOj;J nkhopiaf; nfhz;bUe;jtu;fs; ,e;j ehfupfj; ijr; NrHe;j kf;fNs. khad; murHfs;> kf;fshy; flTs;Nghy fUjg; gl;ldH. fp.gp. 250 Kjy; fp.gp.900 tiu ,tHfsJ fhyk; MFk;. gpuTd; gy;fiyf; fofj;ijr; NrHe;j ];Bgd; `_];ld; jiyikapyhd mfo; thuha;r;rpahsHfs;> fTjkhyh ehl;by; mfo;thuha;r;rp Nkw; nfhz;ldH. fTjkhyh ehl;by; RkhH 1600 Mz;Lfs; goikahd khad; kd;dupd; fy;yiw fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjpyp Ue;J MW Foe;ijfspd; vYk;Gf;$LfSk;> gPq;fhd;> Jzpfs; cs;spl;l Vuhskhd nghUl;fSk; fz;nlLf; fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j nghUl;fs;> khad; kd;dH gad;gLj;jpajhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W Muha;r; rpahsHfs; fUJfpd;wdH. Foe;ijfs;> khad; murd; ,we;jNghJ mtUf;fhfg; gyp nfhLf;fg;gl;ltHfshf ,Uf;f yhk; vdf; $wg;gLfpwJ. ,J>
nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

tpbay; khj ,jo;

25

fp.gp.

350

400-f;F

,ilg;gl;l

fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j khad; kd;dupd; fy;yiwahf ,Uf;fyhk; vdj; njupfpwJ. fy;yiwapy; File;Jk;> nrJf;fpAk; cUthf;fg;gl;l rpw;gq;fs; Vuhskhf cs;sd. fy;yiwapy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs; Fwpj;J Muha;r;rp ele;J tUfpwJ. ,jd; %yk; NkYk; gy jfty;fs; njupatUk; vd;fpwhHfs; Muha;r;rpahsHfs;. INuhg;gpa Vfhjpgj;jpa

ilfs; kw;Wk; Kiwaw;w tptrhak; Nghd;wit khad; fyhr;rhu Nguoptpw;Ff; fhuzp fshf ,Uf;fyhk; vd epGzHfs; fUJfpwhHfs;. jw;fhyj;jpy;RkhH MW ,yl;rk; khad; ,dj;jtH nkf;rpNfh> Fthj;jpkhyh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,Ug;gjhf mwpag; gLfpwJ.

Jg;ghf;fpfSf;Fj; jg;gpa tl kw;Wk; njd; mnkupf;f g+HtFbapdq;fs; ntF rpyNt. ,k;kf;fspd; fyhr;rhuKk; tuyhWk; ehd;ife;J E}w;whz;Lfspy; ,Ue;j ,lk; njupahj mstpw;F kdpjhgpkhdkw;w Kiwapy; mopf;fg;gl;Ltpl;ld. khad; ,dj;jtH fzpjk;> vOj;JKiw> thdpay; Nghd;w Jiwfspnyy;yhk; Nkk;gl;bUe;jdH. kpf tprhykhd> EZf;fkhd fl;llf;fiy khad; ,dj;jtupd; rpwg;ghFk;. fp.K.150 fspy; khad; ehfupfk; cr;rj;ij mile;jJ. mjd;gpd; gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; mJ mopaj; njhlq;fpaJ. ];ngapd; ehl;ltH FbNaw;wk;> tprpj;jpukhd %l ek;gpf;iffs;> gq;fhspr; rz;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

20 mbkhd vz; Kiwia khad;fs; gad;gLj;jpdH. khad;fspd; fzpjj;jpwikf;Fr; rhd;W mtHfspd; g+[;[pak; gad;ghl;L KiwahFk;. kpf tsHr;rpaile;jjhff; fUjg;gLk; fpNuf;f ehfupfq;fs; $lg; g+[;[pak; gad;ghl;L Kiwia muhgpaHfsplk; ,Ue;Nj mwpe;J nfhz;lhHfs;. khad;fs; vz; fisf; Fwpg;gpl kpf vspikahd
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mNj rkaj;jpy; kpfg; ngupa vz;fisf; $l vOjty;y xU FwpaPl;L Kiwiaf; ifahz; lhHfs;. ,f;FwpaPl;L Kiw xU '_' khjpupahd NfhL xU Gs;sp xU ePs;tl;lf; Fwp Mfpatw;iw kl;LNk cs;slf;fpaJ. ,jd; vz;fs; nkhj;jk; %d;W FwpaPLfis kl;LNk nfhz;lit. mit Rop> xd;W (xU Gs;sp)> Ie;J (xU NfhL) Mfpad MFk;. vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf> 19 vd;w vz; ehd;F Gs;spfisAk; %d;W NfhLfisf; fpilkl;lkhf xd;wd; Nky; xd;W mLf;fpAk; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ. vfpg;jpag; gpukpLfis mLj;J ,e;efupy; fhzg;gLk; gpukpLfNs gpurpj;jp ngw;W tpsq;Ffpwd. ,g;gpukpLfisr; Rw;wpYk; ehd;F ngupa gbfl;LfSk; mtw;Ws; mlq;fpa 365 gbf;fl;LfSk; fhzgLfpwJ. ,itahTk; xU Mz;bw;fhd ehd;F fhyq; fisAk; 365 ehl;fisAk; Fwpg;gjhff; $wg;gLfpwJ. mtHfs; #upad;> re;jpud;> Gjd;> Rf;fpud; Nghd;wtw;wpd; Row;rp Kiwfis ntFthf mtjh dpj;J Mtzg;gLj; jpapUe;jdH. re;jpu kw;Wk; #upa fpufzq; fis Kd;$l;bNa fzf;fPl;Lj; jPHkdpf;Fk; mstpw;Fj; jpwd; ngw;wpUe;jdH.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

rlq;Ffspy; mjPj ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;j khad;fs; thdpay; epfo;r;rpfis mbnahl; bNa rlq;Ffis elj;jpdH. l;nunlf;]; vdg;gLk; khad; gQ;rhq;ff; Fwpg;Ngl;bypUe;J ,jw;fhd gl;Ls;sd. khad; Mjhuq;fs; ngwg;

efu

gFjpapy;

fhzg;gLk; Stelae vdg;gLk; fy; tifapy; ,tHfspd; Ml;rpKiw> NghHfspy; ngw;w ntw;wp kw;Wk; gy Kf;fpa jfty;fs; Heiroglyphik vOj;J tbtpy; nrJf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. khad;fs; J}u Njr tpahghuj;jpYk; <Lgl;bUf;fpwhHfs; vd;gJk; Muha;r;rpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l cz;ikahFk;. Bonamak vd;w ,lj;jpy;

mike;j khad;fspd; rpw;g fiyfs; vt;tpjg; ghjpg;Gk; ,d;wpf; fpilf;fg; ngw;wjhy; Muha;r;rpahsHfs; ,tw;iw Kiwahfj; jq;fsJ Ma;tpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. ,r;rpw;gq;fs; khad;fspd; ehfupf tsHr;rpiar; rpwg;ghf vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.
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khahf;fs; Nfhtpiy

gpukpLfspd; Nky; mikj;Js;shHfs;.

khah efu gFjp fz;Lgpbf;fg; gl;lJ. fp.gp.20Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gk; tiu mitahTk; Gupahj GjpuhfNt ,Ue;jd. 1960 Kjy; 1970 tiuapy;

gpukpLfs; caukhd kiy ghq;fhd ,lj;jpy; mike; jpUf;Fk; gpukpLfspd; Nky; Nfhtpiy mikg;gjhy; ,iwtd; ,Uf;Fk; nrhHf thriy mtHfs; Rygkhf neUq;f Kbtjhf ek;gpf;if nfhz;Ls; sdH. khaHfs; cyif tlf;F> fpof;F> njw;F> Nkw;F vdg; gpupj;jpUe;jdH. khaHfspd; thdpay; xU kukhf milahsg; gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. kuj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp nrhHf;f khFk;. mJ ,iwtdpd; trpg;gpl khFk;. kuj;jpd; NtHg;gFjp ghjhs cyfkhFk;. #upad; ,utpy; ghjhs cyfpw;F nrd;W Xa;ntLf;fpwhd;. (khaHfspd; nkhopapy; Gtp> Xibalba ghjhs cyfk;> Cab -nrhHf;fk; > Caan Yakche mz;lj;ij Fwpf;Fk; kuk;.) khad;fspd; vOj;J tiffs; ePz;l ehl;fs; Muha;r;rpahsH fspd; ghHitapy; ,Ue;jit ahFk;. fp.gp.19Mk; E}w;whz;by;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

midj;J vOj;JfSf;Fk; nghUs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L gbf;fg;gl;ld. ,jd; top ];ngapd;| ehl;bdupd; gilnaLg;Gk;> gy;yhapuf; fhzf; fhd Gj;jfq;fs; vupf;fg;gl;lJk; tUj;jj;Jld; njupe;J nfhs;s Kbe;jJ. mtHfspd; ehd;F Gdpj E}y;fspy; %d;Wk; ehd;fhk; E}ypd; rpy gf;fq;fSk; kl;LNk fpilj;Js;sd. Muha;r;rpahsHfs; khahf;fspd; ehfupfk; fp.K. 2000Mk; Mz;by; njhlq;fp rpWfr; rpWf tsHr;rp aile;Js;sjhff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls; shHfs;. fp.K. 2000 Kjy; 250 tiu tsHr;rpf; fhykhfTk;> 250 njhlq;fp 900 tiu khad;fspd; nghw;fhykhfTk; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Vohk; kw;Wk; vl;lhk; E}w;whz;Lfs; khad;fspd; cr;rfl;lg; nghw;fhyk; vdTk; $WfpwhHfs;. tpz;kPd; kz;lyj;jpd; xUehs; vd;gJ Gtpapd; 25>625 tUlq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,jid khad; ehl;fhl;b 5>125 tUlq;fisf; nfhz;l Ie;J fhyfl;lq;fshfg; gpupf;fpd;wJ. mjd;gb vkJ g+kp ,g;NghJ Ie;jhtJ fhyfl;lj;jpd; ,Wjp apy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;fpd;wJ. 2012 brk;gH 21 ,f;fl;lj;jpd; KbTld;
tpbay; khj ,jo;

mLj;j Gjpa Afj;jpDs; kdpj r%fk; EioatpUf;fpd;wJ vd;fpwJ khad;. vkJ #upad; mbf;fb mjd; kj;jpa tpz;kPd; kz;lyj;jpdhy; Gj;JapH ngwr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ vd;gjid khad; r%fk; xt;nthU 5>125 tUlq;fSf;Fk; xUKiw ,r;nraw;ghL eilngWtjhfj; njupe;jpUe;jhHfs;. 2012,y; eilngwtpUf;fpd;w mt;thwhd xU nrw;ghl;bdhy; vkJ #upadpd; xspUk; jd;ik mjpfupg;gJld; #upadpy; ,Ue;J mjpfkhd jPr;Rthiyfs; Njhd;Wk; vd khad; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. me;jNtisapy; Gtpapd; fhe;jg; Gyq;fspYk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLk; vd ,d;W khad; ehl;fhl;bapid Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;Lk; rpyH Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. khad; fzpg;gpd;gb ,Wjpahf ehd;fhtjhf tho;e;j kdpj r%fk; fp.K. 3113 tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G ghupa nts;sg;ngUf;fpdhy; kpfTk; mupjhdit jtpu Vidait mope;jpUf;fpd;wd.

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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

mjdhy; jkJ r%fj;jpd; mLj;j mopT njhlHghf mwpe;J nfhz;lhy; mjpypUe;J jkJ r%fj;ijg; ghJfhf;f KbAk; vd khad; r%fk; ,J njhlHghd tp~aq;fspy; mjpf MHtk; nfhz;ljhf ,Ue;jpU fpd;wJ. #upaj; njhFjpapd; mirT gw;wp khad; r%fj;jpdH md;iwa fhyj;jpNyNa mwpe;J itj;jpUe;jdH. NkYk; mtHfs; g+kp #upaidr; Rw;WtJ Nghd;W Qhapw;Wj; njhFjp mjd; tpz;kPd; kz;lyj;jpid tyk; tUtjhf ek;gpdH. ,jd;NghJ Vw;gLfpd;w khw;wq;fisf; fhl;Lfpd;w Row;rp epfo;Tfspd; ehl;fhl;b xd;iw mikj;jp Ue;jdH. mjd; mbg; gilapNyNa ,d;W ,f; Fog;gj;Jf;fhd Muk;gq;fs; Njhd;wpapUf;fpd;wd. #upadpy; ,Ue;J fLk; jPr;RlH 2012,y; g+kpia milAk; mghak;: mwptpayhsHfs; vr;rupf; if vd;W ,e;jpa ehspjo; xd;W nra;jp ntspapl;lJ. fle;j 11 Mz;Lfshf mikjpahf ,Ue;j #upad; jw;NghJ tpopg;gile;Js;sjhf mwptpayh sHfs; njuptpj; Js;sdH. g+kpia
tpbay; khj ,jo;

Nehf;fp mJ xU #whtspia mDg;Gk;

ngUk; mghak;

cs;sJ. nturpq;ldpy; fle;j nrt;tha;f;fpoik [_d; vl;lhk; ehshd;W tpz;ntsp fhyepiy gw;wpa mkHT ,lk;ngw;wJ. me;epfo;tpy; muR mjpfhupfs;> jpl;lkply; mjpfhup fs;> Ma;thsHfs;> kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fs; fye;Jnfhz;L fp.gp.21Mk; E}w;whz;by; njhopy;El;g cgu fzq;fisr; #upadplk; ,Ue;J vt;thW ghJfhg;gJ vd;gJ Fwpj;J Muha;e;jhHfs;. ekJ #upad; Mo;e;j cwf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpopj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; rpy Mz;Lfspy; mjd; cf;fpukhd jhf;fj;ij ehk; czu KbAk;" vd ehrhtpd; <ypNah ,aw;gpay; Jiwj; jiytH upr;rhHl; gp~H fUj;Jj; njuptpj;Js;shH. #upa eLf;fj;jhy; fpsk;Gk; jPr;RlHfspd; nrwpT khWglf; $bait. mJ g+kpapd; fhe;jg; Gyj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,it ngUk; fjpupaf;fj; jd;ikAilait. kdpj ,dk; ,f;fjpupaf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,aw;if ahfNt ghJfhf;fg; gl;bUe;jhYk;> njhopy;El;gk;
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,jdhy; ngUk; ghjpg;gilAk;. jPr;Rlupy; ,Ue;J fpsk;Gk; ntg;gk; nra;kjpfisr; nraypof;fr; nra;ayhk;. mj;Jld; CLfjpH miyfs; thndhypj; njhlHGfisg; ghjpf;Fk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ngUk; xsptl;l ntspj;js;Sjy;" (Coranal mass ejection - CMES) ,dj;ijg; $wg;gLfpwJ. ghjpf;Fk; kdpj vdf;

Gtp> Qhapw;Wj; njhFjp mjd; tpz;kPd; kz;lyk; njhlHghd nraw;ghLfs; rhHe;J xU jhf;fk; ,lk;ngWkhdhy;> epr;rakhf mJ rpy tpdhbfSf;F kl;LNkh my;yJ rpy epkplq;fSf;Nfh eil ngWtjy;y. vj;jifa khw;wq; fshapDk; mit Fwpg; gpl;l fhyq;fSf;F Kd;dpUe;Nj rpwpJ rpwpjhfj; njd;gl Muk;gpj;J> gpd;dH Fwpj;j fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J rpwpJ rpwpjhfNt Kbtila Ntz;Lk;. ,aw;ifia ehk; xustpw;Nf mDkhdpf;f ,aYk;. Mjyhy;> fhj;jpUe;Jjhd; ,tw;iw vjpu; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mf> khad; ehl;fhl;b Afj;jpd; Kbth? GJ Afj;jpd; njhlf;fkh? mJ Gjpu;jhd;.
tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fis khzhf;fu;fSf;F mwptpf;Fk; nghUl;L ,g;gFjp jkpo;j;Jiwahy; ntspaplg;gLfpd;wJ.
jfty;> glq;fs; ed;wp: http://ta.wikipedia.org

,J 2012Mk; Mz;by; epfoyhk; vd vjpHT $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. xsptl;l ntspj; js;Sjypd; NghJ #upadpd; xsptl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J my;yJ mjd; ntsp tspkz;lyj;jpy; ,Ue;J thAf;fs; ntspNaw;wg; gLfpd;wd. ngUksT fjpupaf;fg; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;thAf;fs; g+kpia %d;W Kjy; Ie;J ehl;fSf;Fs; milaf;$Lk;. mjpnjhopy; El;gj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;s tsHr;rp aile;j ehLfspd; efuq;fspy; ,jdhy; kpd;rhuj; jil Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpaf; $Wfs; cs;sjhfj; njuptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J fj;uPdh #whtspapdhy; Vw;gl;l nghUshjhug; ghjpg;ig tpl 20 klq;F mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; vd mwptpayhsHfs; fUJfpwhHfs;.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

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nghOJ 40> Mf];l;> 2012

vjhu;j;jk;
v];. NyhNf];tud;
,sq;fiy Ez;Zapupay;Jiw Kjyhz;L

tpbaYf;F te;j kly;khiy

jq;fs; fy;Y}upapd; tpbay; khj ,jo; (nghOJ 39 [_iy2012) fpilj;jJ. kpf;f kfpo;r;rp. ghuhl;Lfs;. gaDs;s fl;Liufs;> ftpijfs;> rpe;jidiaj; gilg;ghsu; Jz;Lk; gw;wpa

vjpu;ghu;j;j tho;f;if

ahUf;Fk; miktjpy;iy. MdhYk;> vjpu;ghu;f;fhky; ahUk; tho;tjpy;iy.

Fwpg;Gfs;> mwptpg;Gfs; vdr; rpwg;gha; tbtikf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. Gjpa Gjpa Njit As;s> gaDs;s> nra;jpfis> fUj;Jfisj; je;J tpbay; gazk; njhlul;Lk;. tsul;Lk;. tho;j;JfSld;> md;gd; Kidtu; v];. <];tud;> ,izg;Nguhrpupau;> jkpo;j;Jiw> Ne~dy; fy;Y}up (jd;dhl;rp)> jpUr;rp.

el;(G+)G
R. =ju;
,sq;fiy Ez;Zapupay;Jiw Kjyhz;L

G+j;j G+it fps;sp tplhNj!

fps;spa G+it thl tplhNj! thba G+it vwpe;J tplhNj! vwpe;j G+tha; vd;id kwe;J tplhNj!

Ragging is an offence. Any student found guilty of ragging will be dismissed from the college. Whoever directly or indirectly commits, participates in, abets or propagates ragging within or outside the educational institution, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years and shall also be liable to a fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees. (Act, 1997) The students are requested to keep our campus ragging free.

jkpo;j;Jiwapy; thuk; ,uz;Lehl;fs; (nrt;tha;> tpahod;) khiy 4.00 kzpf;Fg; nghd;khiyg;nghOJ vd;w fij> ftpij muq;Nfw;w epfo;r;rp eilngWk;. khje;NjhWk; ehd;fhtJ thuk; khiy 3.30 kzpKjy; ftpauq;fk; eilngWk;. gilg;Gfis muq;Nfw;w tpUk;GNthu; jq;fspd; ngau;fisj; jkpo; tpupTiuahsu;fsplk; Kd;gjpTnra;aTk;.
tpbay; khj ,jo;

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