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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Table of Contents
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LaBranche
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Definition of Science: Science is the study of nature of things. Science is
divided into biology, chemistry, and physics. Biology is divided into two sub-
categories, zoology and botany. Biology is the study of life. Zoology is the study
of animals and botany is the study of plants. Chemistry is the study of atoms and
chemical reactions. Physics is the study of matter and everything around us.
Root words:
Bio: life Bio logy
Logy: study of
∴Biology is the study of life.
Life study of
A: not
∴Biotic: living
∴ A biotic: not living
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Scientific Method:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
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Inference
Generalization
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
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Levels of Organisms:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
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Non-scientists
2. Book Non-scientists
Other scientists
Non-scientists
Non-scientists
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Non-scientists
Non-scientists
Data Sheet
Notes and
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Observations
Vocabulary:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Description of Mum Beans: These are two green very little objects that weigh
approximately one gram. They are smooth and have a tiny little black and white
dot on one side. They smell like nothing. They are yellow and cracked in the
inside. This object is hard.
Vocabulary
Germinate: Sprout
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Seed Germination
A plant needs …
1) Water
2) Sunlight
3) Oxygen
4) Soil
5) Carbon dioxide
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
6) Nutrition
1) Frost
2) Cold temperature
3) Fire, heat
4) Crushing of seed
5) Drought
6) Absence of sun
Experiment:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
They both get the same amount of water and both of them will get direct
sunlight.
When I finished with my experiment my seeds didn’t grow a lot. This is how I
think my seeds will grow better if I do this experiment ever again.
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Before people thought there were only two kingdoms, Animalia and
Plante. They though there were only two kingdoms because they weren’t able to
see other smaller living objects. Then people began to think there are three
kingdoms, Animalia, Plante, and Fungi. After they thought there were four
kingdoms, Protists, Fungi, Animalia, and Plante. Now we thing there are five
kingdoms; Monera, Protists, Fungi, Animalia, and Plante.
Root Words:
Pro: Ancient
Eu: True
Kary: genes
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Cell
Membrane
Nuclear
Membrane
Nuclear Membrane
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Monera Bacteria
Protista Protists
Fungi Fungus
Plante Plants
Animalia Animal
3 Domains
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Eukarya
Root word:
Arch: old
Domains
Kingdoms
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LaBranche
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Cell Theory
Robert Hooke:
Robert Hooke was the first to describe dead cells and look at them. When he saw
this plant cell he was looking at cell walls. The was looking at cork (dead piece of
wood.) He saw compartments of plant cells in the late 1600s.
Cell
Walls
Van Leeuwenhoek:
Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see and describe live cells in the early1700s.
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Plant Cells Animal Cells
Have nuclei Have nuclei
Have chloroplasts Have plasma Membrane
Have cell walls
Have plasma membranes
Plant Cell
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Root Words
Elles: Small
Cyto: Cell
Ribosomes:
Cytoplasm:
Membranes Function:
Plasma Membrane:
Nuclear Envelope:
Vocabulary:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
1) Nucleus
2) Golgi Apparatus
3) Ribosomes
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum
5) Nucleolus
Plant Organelles
Chloroplast
Nucleus:
Nucleolus:
The dense region of the nucleus; contains the parts that make up the
ribosomes.
Chromatin:
Cell Wall:
Cellulose:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Some float in the cytoplasm- procedure the proteins that remain in the
cell.
Some are attached- procedure proteins that are exported out of the cell
and proteins that are part of the plasma Membrane.
Proteins
Big dots are ribosomes. The ribosomes provide the surface so the proteins (small
dots) can stick together.
The attached ribosomes produce proteins that go into membranes and that are
exported by the cell.
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LaBranche
Smooth ER no ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Golgi Apparatus:
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle:
Interphase:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
G= Gap
S= Synthesis
Mitotic Phase:
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Centromere
Prophase
Sister Chromatids
Chromatin condenses
Nucleolus disappears
Ribosomes production stops
Near end- nuclear envelope breaks down
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Mitotic spindle appears
Microtubules attach to sister chromatids and begin to move to center of cell.
Before: Then
Spindle
After:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Finally:
Metaphase:
Sister Chromatids are lined up at the center of the cell (equator.)
Spindle finishes forming.
Anaphase:
Proteins of the centimeres help pull the daughter chromosomes along the
microtubules of the spindle.
Microtubules that aren’t attached to the chromosomes get longer causing the
cell to elongate.
Before:
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After:
Finally:
Telophase:
Chromosomes reach poles of the spindle.
Chromosomes “disappear” as the chromatin winds.
Spindle appears
Nuclear envelops reform
Nucleoli reappear
Cytokinesis:
Cytoplasm divides and the plasma Membrane pinches off to form separate cell.
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
Meiosis:
Division that results four cells. Each cell has only half of the genetic
information(DNA..)
Games:
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Rajat Goyal, 7B Biology Notes Teacher:
LaBranche
# of chromosomes = n
2n = 46
n= 23
Male
Female
Compare
Mitosis Meiosis
2n 2n
2n 2n n n
n n n
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