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Naya Bimarsha National Weekly

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@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

(27 July 2012)

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jftfj/0f;Dd agfpg ;Sg'ePsf] 5}g .
@)^* h]7 !$ ut] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ lj36g
u/fO{ cfkm\gf] ;Qfsf] cfo" nDAofpg] ;f]r
agfpg'ePsf e/fO{sf kl5Nnf ultljlwn]
;xdltnfO{ emg} 6f9f ws]Ng] sfo{ dfq ub{}
cfPsf] 5 .
cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf] cfo" dfq nDAofpg]
Ps ;"qLo ;f]rsf ;fy cl3 a9]sf] :ki6
;+st] kfPkl5 /fi6klt 8f= /fdj/0f ofbjn]
k|wfgdGqL e/fO{nfO{ ;xdlt lnP/ dfq
cl3 a9\g lgb{z
] g lbg'ePsf] lyof] . cfkm\gf]
g]tT[ jsf] ;/sf/nfO{ sfo{sf/L clwsf/ k|fKt
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lgb{]zg lbPkl5 s]xL lbg ljleGg bnsf
g]tfx?sf] b}nf] rxfg{ k|wfgdGqL e/fO{ k'u]
klg s'g} pknAwL xfFl;n x'g ;s]g .
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cfkm\gf] ;/sf/sf] cfo" nDAofpg] ;f]rdf
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k|zf;gaf6 k|tfl8t ePsf] u'gf;f] Jofks
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;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ pkrf/ k'ofpg] x]tn
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sd{rf/Ln] k6sk6s c:ktfn k|zf;g
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lyPg / To;}n] afWo eP/ clVtof/sf] 9f]sf
3r3Rofpg' k/]sf] xf] .
xfn u+ufnfn c:ktfnleq vf;u/L
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lgMz'Ns ;]jf / ljkGg ju{nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]
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;]jfdf Jofks

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jif{ cl3 dfq lelqPsf gfu]Gb| ;fx gf} txsf
sd{rf/L x'g\ . lguddf tLg bzs sfo{ ubf{
klg lgb{z
] s aGg] cj;/ gkfPsf k'/fgf tyf
of]Uo sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ kG5fpFb} lgudsf] sf=d'=
sfo{sf/L lgb{]zs ;'/]zs'df/ cu|jfnsf]
cfzLjf{b lnP/ ;fx lgb{]zs aGg] tof/Ldf
nfu] s f] ;| f ] t n] atfPsf] 5 . lguds}
sd{rf/Lsf ?kdf /xL bzsf}+ latfpg'ePsf
cu|jfn g} k|dv
' /x]sf avt\ To:tf] cGofok"0f{
sfo{ gxf];\ egL cu|jfnaf6 OdfGbf/ tyf
jl/i7 sd{rf/Lx?n] cfzf u/] klg ;fxsf]
;lqmotf b]Vbf pgn] ;f] kb xTofP/} 5f8\g]
cg' d fg ul/Psf] 5 . To;f] t rf6{ /
PsfpG6]G6 lgo'lQm x'Fbfb]lv g} *) k|ltzt
cltl/Qm tna ;'ljwf lnFb} cfPsf ;fx

/sdsf] vf]nf] aufP/ eP klg lgb{]zs

agL 5f8\5' eGb} ljleGg zlQms]Gb|df wfpg
yfn]sf] klg ;|f]tn] hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 .
ptf, jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfnosf
;lrjsf ?kdf /xg' e Psf nfndl0f
hf]zLaf6 o:tf] cGofo gxf]nf egL jl/i7
sd{rf/Lx?n] ;lrj hf]zLsf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpg] ePsf 5g\ . hf] z L !# jif{
;x;lrjdf /x]/ aNn aNn ;lrj x'g]
cefuLdf kg{] ug'{x'GYof] . cfkm"eGbf
slgi7n] ;lrj k8\sfpFbf cfkm" eg] k6s
k6s ;x;lrjd} yGsg' k /] s f] kL8f
ef]lu;Sg'ePsf hf]zLn] lguddf To:tf]
cGofo x'bF f 6'n6' n
' ' x]//] ga:g] cfzf jl/i7
sd{rf/Lx?sf] 5 . o;}u/L jflif{s pT;jsf]
cj;/ kf/]/ ;/sf/L ;]jfsf pRr txsf
sd{rf/Lx?sf cl3 OGwg cfk"lt{sf
ljifodf ;/sf/n] gf}6+sL u/]sf] eGg]
cleJolQm lbP/ lgudsf sd{rf/Ldfem
xSsL k|d'v egL k|z+;f sdfpg' ePsf
cu|jfn o:tf] cGofok"0f{ sfo{ u/L hflu/sf]
-afsL k[i7 * df_
pQ/f4{df ab\gfdL

k|x/Ldf hfg]nfO{ eGbf cfpg]nfO{ xtf/

sf7df8f}+ g]kfn k|x/Ldf casf] %)

lbg kl5 cfO{ h L;lxt cfwf bh{ g
PcfO{hLx?n] clgjfo{ cjsf; lnFb}5g\ .
cfufdL efb| @* ut] cfO{hLkL /ljGb|k|tfk
zfx;lxt PcfO{hLx? ls/0f uf}td, sNof0f
ltdlN;gf, dbg v8\sf, g/]z u'?, ch{gh
'
zfxL / k|sfz s'jF/ ;]jf lgj[Q x'g] ePsf
5g\ . clgjfo{ cjsfz lng nfu]sf cfO{hL
/ PcfO{hLx? Pp6} AofrL x'g\ . k|x/L
dxflg/LIfs zfxn] cjsf; lng] ;do
glhlsFb} hfFbf cfO{hL aGg tLg hgf
PcfO{hLx? aLr tLa| k|lt:kwf{ rn]sf]
cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf dxf;]gfgL /fh'

a:g]tsf] a9'jf ;DaGwL kmfOn dfgj

clwsf/ pNn\3gsf] cleof]udf lkmtf{
ePkl5 g]kfn k|x/Lsf PcfO{hL s'j]/l;+x
/fgfsf] bfFtdf 9'f nfu]sf] atfOPsf] 5 .
dxf;]gfgL a:g]tdfly e}/jgfy u0fdf
u0fklt x'Fbf $( hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{
a]kQf agfPsf] cleof]u nfu]sf] lyof], d'2f
nufOPsf] lyPg t/ g]kfn k|x/Lsf PcfO{hL
/fgf dfly lhNnf cbfnt / ;jf{]Rr
cbfntdf u/L b'O6f d'2f 5g\ . o:tf
JolQmnfO{ cfO{hLkLdf a9'jf u/] /fli6o /
cGt/f{li6qdf dfgj clwsf/sf] Jofks
pNn+3g x'g] / g]kfn -afsL k[i7 * df_

k|wfgdGqL dfly aGb's p7fOg]

sf7df8f} + k| w fgdGqL afa' / fd
e/fO{sf] prfO{, ef/t k/:t gLltsf sf/0f
pgsf] bn PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ lbgfg'
lbg cf]/fnf] nfUb} uO/x]sf] 5 . s'rL{ arfpg
e/fO{n] ef/t;Fu u/]sf] laKkf ;Demf}tf
cfkm\g} g]t[Tjsf] pkk|wfg tyf k//fi6dGqL
gf/fo0fsfhL >]i7n] v'n]/} lj/f]w ul//x]sf
5g\ . To;sf cnfjf ef/telQm b]vfpg
lqe'jg cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn nufot !%
j6f cfGtl/s Po/kf]6s
{ f] Joj:yfkg lhDdf
klg ef/tnfO{ g} lbg] ;Demf}tf ug]{ tof/L
u/]kl5 e/fO{ dfly /fi63ftL, ef/tk/:t

nufotsf ljleGg cf/f]kx?sf] jiff{ nfu]sf]

5 . o;} qmddf g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf ;lrj
Pj+ s]xL ;do cufl8sf ;xofqL g]qljqmd
rGbn] jt{dfg ;/sf/sf k|wfgdGqL
e/fO{ n ] u/] s f] laKkf ;Demf} t f /
ljdfg:ynsf] Joj:yfkg ef/tnfO{ lbg]
lg0f{o vf/]hLsf] dfu ub{} ;Demf}tf vf/]h
geP aGb's p7fpg] r]tfjgL;d]t lbPsf
5g\ . e/fO{sf] pQm lg0f{ok|lt c;Gt'li6
hgfpFb} /fli6o hgdf]rf{ g]kfnn] b]ze/
cfGbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff ;d]t u/]sf] 5 .
rf}tkmL{ 3]/faGbLdf -afsL k[i7 * df_

d'Vo;lrjdf pdfsfGt cufl8

sf7df8f} + :yfoL ;/sf/ dflgg]

lghfdtL k| z f;gsf] ;jf{ ] R r kb
d'Vo;lrjdf xfn pBf]u ;lrjdf sfo{/t
pdfsfGt emfsf] ;Defjgf a9]sf] atfOPsf]
5 . d'Vo ;lrjdf !# hgf ;lrjx?n] bfaL
u/] klg cu|k+lQmdf rf/ hgf ;lrjx?sf]
k|lt:kwf{ rn]sf] 5 . h;dWo] k|wfgdGqL
sfof{nosf ;lrj nLnfdl0f kf}8n
] , lgjf{rg
cfof]usf ;lrj z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnf, pBf]u
;lrj pdfsfGt emf / l;+rfO ;lrj ljGb|f
xfF8f /x]sf 5g\ . casf] !) lbgkl5
d'Vo;lrj kb vfnL x'g] ePkl5 ;/sf/n]

ca a:g] dlGqkl/ifb\ s f] a} 7 sdf

d'Vo;lrjsf] gfd k|:t't ug{] ;dfrf/
>f]tn] atfof] . jl/i7tfsf] lx;fan]
d'Vo;lrj lglj{jfb ?kdf z+s/k|;fb
sf]O/fnf aGg'kg{] xf] t/ d'ns
' sf] /fhgLlts
k|lts'ntf sf/0f sf]O/fnfsf] ;Defjgf sd
/x]sf] atfOG5 . sf]O/fnf k|hftfGqjfbL
ljrf/wf/f af]ss
] f ;lrj x'g\ . To:t} csf{
;lrj ljGb|f xfF8fnfO{ d'Vo;lrj agfpg'
kg{] eGb} dlxnf ;d"xn] bafa lbO/x]sf
5g\ . ;lrj xfF8fnfO{ k|=d+= kTgL lxl;nf
odL / s]xL
-afsL k[i7 * df_

cf/fsfdf 3";;u} /fhZj c;'nL

z+s/ n'O6]n
lj/f6gu/ . lj/f6gu/df /x]sf] cfGtl/s
/fhZj sfof{nosf k|d'v / s]xL clws[tn]
3"; n]gb]g klg ug]{ / hl/afgf klg rsf]{
lt/fpg] u/]sf] /x:o v'n]sf] 5 . laut tLg
dlxgfeGbf nfdf] ;dob]lv lj/f6gu/df o:tf]
sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] Joj;foLn] v'nf;f u/]sf
5g\ .
lj/f6gu/sf Ps hgf cn}+rL sf/f]af/
ug];
{ uF !@ nfv / lj/f6gu/l:yt af6f tyf
7fs'/jf8L /f]8df /x]sf] ;'g k;ndWo] rf/j6f
;'g k;n];uF !% b]lv @) nfv /sd gh/fgf
lnPsf] Ps Joj;foLn] atfP . pgLx?sf]
s/ 7uLsf] kmfon ldnfpg] / ck8]6 u/]afkt
gh/fgf lnPsf] xf] . ahf/s} Ps sk8f

k;ndf ^ nfv 3"; lnPsf] >f]tsf] bfaL

5 . >f]tsf cg';f/ z'?df c;n sd{rf/Lsf]

kl/ro lb+b} cfPsf sfof{no k|d'v bL3{/fh

d} g fnLn] lszf] / 9sfn / Clif/fd
kf]v/]ndfkm{t\ gh/fgf p7fpg] sfd ul//x]sf
5g\ . Ps k|ltli7t pBf]uLn] 3"; klg lng] /

hl/jfgf klg ug]{ kl/kf6Ln] lj/f6gu/df

Jofkf/L / pBf]uklt dfem cft+s km}lnPsf]
hfgsf/L lbP . Joj;foLnfO{ klg b'Mv lbPsf]
hfgsf/L lbP . o;cl3 k|lt Ps s/f]8
sf/f]af/ x'Fbfsf] kmfon ;a} 7Ls x'Fbf klg
@) xhf/ v'n
' c
] fd 3"; ln+b} cfPsf pgLx?n]
clxn] Ps nfvb]lv & nfv;Dd 3"; afu]l{ g
u/]/ lnPsf] Jofkf/Lx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . of]
b:t'/L k|yf lj/f6gu/df nfdf] ;dob]lv
rn]sf] 5 . of] 3"; eP klg lj/f6gu/sf
Joj;foLn] ;xh} krfPsf 5g\ . lj/f6gu/df
7"nf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ 3/fgfx? y'k|} 5g\ . o;
cl3sf sfof{no k|dv
' x'bF f klg o:tf] 3";sf]
j[l4 gx'g] u/]sf] Jofkf/Lsf] u'gf;f] 5 .
/fhZjsf] hl/jfgf vKg -afsL k[i7 * df_

e=k'=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= &#)^$^%

@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

;xdltn]======
dfcf] j fbLeGbf klg ;zQm ?kdf
/x]sf]n] klg ;Qf?9 dfcf]jfbL lgjf{rgaf6
cfkm" n ] ;f] r ] h :tf] kl/0ffd gcfpg] d f
ljZj:t 5 . o;}u/L ;/sf/df ;fd]n csf{]
7" n f] bn dw] z L hgclwsf/ kmf] / d nf]stflGqs_ df klg ljefhg ePsf] 5 .
ljhos'df/ uR5bf/nfO{ ho dw]z eGb}
z/t\l;+x e08f/Lsf] g]t[Tjdf gofF bn u7g
ePkl5 ;w} + ;/sf/d} /lx/xg rfxg]
uR5bf/sf] t'hs
' 36]sf] 5 . o:t} ;/sf/df
;xefuL nf]stflGqs dw]zL df]rf{sf] bnx?
l5GgleGg cj:yfdf /x]sfn] ;+ljwfg;ef
k' g :yf{ k gf ug{ kfP bnx?df cfPsf]
ljefhgn] sfg' g L dfGotf gkfpg]
dgl:yltdf 5g\ . To;}n] pgLx? ;+ljwfg;ef
k'g:yf{kgfsf kIfdf /xg k'u]sf 5g\ .
oxL sf/0f g]kfnL sfFu|]; / g]skf Pdfn] _ nufotn] ;+ l jwf;efsf]
k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ eGbf lgjf{rgnfO{ hf]8 lbg
k'u]sf 5g\ . ;+ljwfg;efsf] eGbf klg
;+;bLo lgjf{rg u/fpg' plrt x'g] eGg]
kIfdf /x]sf sfFu;
]| / Pdfn]nufotsf bnx?
dfcf]jfbL / dw]zjfbLdf /x]sf] ljefhgsf
sf/0f cfkm\gf] jr{Zj k'gM sfod x'g]df
cfzfjfbL b]lvPsf 5g\ . o:tf] sfOt]
cj:yfsf sf/0f /fhgLltn] ;xL lgsf; lbg
;Sg] b]lv+bg} . bnx?df ;xL ;f]r gcfP;Dd
g]kfnL hgtfn] o:tf] ;s;af6 5'6sf/f
kfpFg] 5fF6 b]lv+b}g .

k|wfgdGqL===
k/L/x]sf e/fO{nfO{ g]skfdfcf]jfbLn]
x6fpgsfnflu cGo /fhgLlts bnx?;Fu
;xsfo{ ug{] lrtjgsf] Ps sfo{qmddf ;lrj
rGbn] atfP . cfkm\g} kf6L{ cWoIf ;d]t
k|=d= e/fO{sf] sfo{z}nL / Jojxf/af6
c;Gt'i6 /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]skfdfcf]jfbLn]
aGb's p7fpg] r]tfjgLnfO{ cy{k"0f{ ?kdf
lnOPsf] ;dfrf/ >f]tn] atfof] .

dWo ======

k/]sf a:g]t d'2fsf] l5gf]kmfgf] gnfUb}

;]jflgj[Q x'g] / cGon] l9n} eP klg Gofo
kfpg] dGqfno >f]tn] atfof] . sfd u/]/,
kl;gf aufP/ k|fKt x'g] sdfO{ ld7f] x'g],
sfd} gu/L ljn a9fP/ ef]hg ug{ vf]Hbf
kvnf rNg] ;8s ljefusf clwsf/Lx?
atfpF5g\ . of] k|s/0fn] dWo kxf8L k"jL{
v08 / klZrd v08sf k|dv
' x?nfO{ ;r]t /
;hu agfPsf] >f]tn] atfof] . dWo kxf8L
nf]sdfu{ s'g} a]nf lha|f]sf] :jfb km]g{] /
pRr kb:y l8=O{= tyf O{l~hlgo/x?sf]
dgf]/~hg ug{] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ePsf]
;dfrf/ ;"qn] atfof] . sfd} gu/L sld;g
s'DNofpg] ;"rLdf r/Lsf]6 l8lehg / x]6f}8+ f
l8lehgnfO{ clVtof/n] gf]l6;df lnPsf]
atfOPsf] 5 . dWo kxf8L k"jL{ v08df dxt
y/sf l8=O{=n] sfd} ug{ g;sL ah]6 lk|mh
ePsf] >f]tn] atfof] .

hf]zL=======

u/]sf] ljz]ifsf] km};nfkl5 w'Djf/fxLl:yt

3/df ?jfaf;L rn]sf] >f]tn] atfof] . tyflk
;'ljwfsf] uf8L lng'afx]s d}n] s'g} e|i6frf/
u/]sf] 5}g egL lRr bfFt b]vfpg kl5 gk/]sf
hf]zLsf] cd]l/sfdf k]6f n
] kDk nufot k|z:t
;DklQ /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . cbfntsf]
lg0f{onfO{ ;Ddfg ug{] t/ d dfly cGofo
eof] eg]/ nNsfg{] hf]zLn] klxNo} a'l4
k'ofPsf] eP of] cj:yf gcfpg] ;dfrf/
>f]tsf] syg 5 . Pp6f s'lxPsf] cfn'n]
;Dk"0f{ af]/fleqsf] cfn' g} lauf5{ eg] em}F
sfFu|]; leq hf]zL h:tf g]tf e|i6frf/sf]
cf/f]kdf sf/fuf/ hfF b f kf6L{ n fO{ s] x L
km/s gkg{ ] a? kf6L{ cz' 4 af6 x' g ] Ps
sfF u | ] ; g] t fsf] syg 5 . sfF u | ] ;
g] t fx?df lr/~hLjL jfUn] n ] sf/fuf/
;hfo ef] u L 5' 6 sf/f kfO;s] s f 5g\ eg]
csf{ g] t f v' d axfb' / v8\ s fsf] d' 2 f
ljz] i f cbfntdf 5 .

k|x/Ldf====
ab\gfd x'g] ;dfrf/ >f]tn] atfof] .
dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3gsf] cleof]u nfu]sf
JolQmnfO{ a9'jf gu/]/ ;/sf/n] /fd|f] sfdsf]
z'?cft u/]sf] / k|x/Ldf klg o;n] lg/Gt/tf
kfpg] ;dfrf/ >f]tn] atfof] . dfgj clwsf/
pNn\3gsf] lx;fan] /fgf cfO{hL aGg]
;Defjgf t'lxPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfg'gL
/fHodf dfgj clwsf/ pNn\3gnfO{ uDeL/
?kdf lnOG5 . To;}u/L 5 hgf PcfO{hLx?
clgjfo{ cjsf; x'Fbf kfFr l8cfO{hLx?sf]
a9'jf lglZrt x'g] ePsf] 5 . 8LcfO{hLaf6
PcfO{ h Ldf a9' j f x' g ] x ?df ! g+ = sf
bLgs/zd;]/ @ g+= sf u+uf kf08], # g+=sf
ljgf]b l;+x, $ g+= sf /d]zljqmd zfx / %
cf}+ gDa/sf k'is/gfy /]UdL 5g\ . logLx?
;a} PcfO{hL gj/fh 9sfnsf] AofrL ePsf]
k|x/L >f]tn] atfof] . Jofr leqsfnfO{
k|fyldstf glbFbf r]g ckm sdf08 ljlu|g] /
jl/i7x?nfO{ k|fldstf glbFbf ;+u7g Wj:t
x'g] ;dfrf/ >f]tsf] syg 5 . o;}aLr
;/sf/L jlsn e} sfd u/L ;s]sf, df:6/ /
aL=Pn= u/]sf 8LcfO{hL u+uf kf08]nfO{

PcfO{hLdf a9'jf gu/L kl5 kf/]sf] cf/f]k

k|x/L ;+u7g leq nfu]sf] ;dfrf/ ;"qn]
atfof] .

k"j={ =====

Pj+ cGtlq{mofn] sfFu;

]| sf] k/fk"js
{ fnb]lvsf]
hg;dy{gaf6 zf;g ug{] dfGotfsf] lvNnL
p8fOPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . sfFu|]; ljlw /
k4tLdf ljZjf; ug{ ] kf6L{ ePsfn]
lgjf{rgdf uO{ hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
hafkmb]lxtf / hg;dy{gaf6 zf;g lng'kg{]
e'Qmef]uLx? atfpF5g\ .

cbfntk|
lt=====
jf k|rf/afhL u/fpg] p2]Zon] s'g}
kIfn] cbfntsf] ;xf/f lng gx'g] eGb} b/kL6
u/] / lkmtf{ ul/lbPsf lyP . kqsf/
;Dd]ngdf ;fxn] hg;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf k]z
ePsf] l/6 o;/L cbfntn] g} btf{ gu/L
b/kL6 ul/lb+bf hgtfsf] clwsf/ s'l07t
ePsf] eGb} o; ljifonfO{ cufl8 a9fpg
cfkm" ;~rf/dfWodsf] ;xf/f lng afWo
ePsf] atfP . csL{ cleofgstf{ e'iffnn]
;ef;bx?n] hgtf;Fu u/]sf] k|lta4tf
cg';f/ ;+ljwfglgdf{0f gu/L ;+ljwfg;ef
lj37g u/]/ /fHosf]ifsf] /sdsf] b'?kof]u;Fu}
;do / ;Defjgfdf ;d]t u+eL/ 3ft u/]sf]n]
;f] ljifo e|i6frf/;Fu hf]l8Psf] :ki6 x'Fbf
x'Fb} klg ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] l/6 glnP/
hgtfsf] clwsf/ s'l07t kfg]{ k|of; u/]sf]
bfaL ul/g\ .

d'Vo ;lrjdf======

Jofkf/Lsf] ;fy / ;dy{g /x] klg

d'n'ssf] jt{dfg ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf
sfo{Ifdtfsf] lx;fan] xfF8fsf] klg ;Defjgf
Go"g /x]sf] ;dfrf/ ;"qn] atfof] . afFsL /x]sf
b'O{ hgf ;lrjdWo] nLnfdl0f kf}8]n lgle{s
/ :jR5 :jefjsf] eP klg lghfdtL k|zf;g
leq pgsf] Jojxf/ / ?vf] af]nLsf sf/0f
k|wfgdGqL e/fO{n] d'Vo;lrj agfpg rfx]
klg ;Qf ;fem]bf/ bn ;+o'Qm dw]zL df]rf{
c;Gt'i6 /xsf sf/0f emf d'Vo;lrj aGg]
;Defjgf a9]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . emfnfO{
NofpFbf ;dfj]zL / dw]zsf] ;Gt'ng ldNg]
ePsfn] d' n ' s n] klxnf] k 6s dw] z L
d'Vo;lrj kfpg] ;+efjgf a9]sf] xf] . emf
d'Vo;lrj gePdf ( jif{;Dd dw]zaf6 d'Vo
;lrjsf] pDd]bjf/ aGg] JolQm gx'g] ePsf
sf/0f df]rf{n] emfnfO{ ;dy{g u/]sf] df]rf{df
cfa4 Ps g]tfn] atfP . emfnfO{ d'Vo;lrj
agfpg n}grf}/lt/af6 ;d]t k|wfgdGqLnfO{
bafa cfPsf] ;dfrf/ >f]tn] atfof] .

df %@ xhf/ kfFr ;o @) lsnf] ln6/ dfq

lelqPsf] lyof] .
o;}aLr, cdn]vu~h l8kf]n] r'xfj6
lgoGq0fdf /fd|f] ;kmntf xft kf/]sf] 5 .
cf=j= @)^*^( sf] cjlwdf k]6f n
] sfnflu
r'xfj6sfnflu z"Go bzdnj %& k|ltzt
dfkb08 tf]lsPsf]df z"Go bzdnj $^
sfod ug{ ;kmn ePsf] hfgsf/L k|d'v
d's'Gbk|;fb l3ld/]n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
o;}u/L l8hn / dLt]ndf z"Go bzdnj
$) dfkb08 /x]sf]df l8hndf z"Go bzdnj
#) / eLt]ndf z"Go bzdnj ## k|ltzt
r'xfj6 ePsf] 5 . o;/L pQm cjlwdf
tf]lsPsf] dfkb08leq g} /xL sd{rf/Ln]
bfFofafFof ug{ rfx]sf] eP sl/j b'O{ s/f]8
^% nfv ?lkofF a/fa/ ug{ ;Sg] tYof\saf6
b]lvPsf] 5 . tL sd{rf/Ln] OdfGbfl/tf b]vfO{
lgudnfO{ kmfObf k' ofOlbPsf 5g\ .
cdn]vu~h l8kf]n] pQm cjlwdf k]6f]n ##
xhf/ rf/ ;o #$ lsnf] ln6/ cfoft u/L
#@ xhf/ 5 ;o $& lsnf] ln6/ laqmL u/]sf]
lyof] . o;}u/L l8hn ! nfv &@ xhf/ b'O{
;o (# lsnf] ln6/ cfot u/L Ps nfv &)
xhf/ kfFr ;o lsnf] ln6/ laqmL u/]sf] lyof] .
o:t} cf7 xhf/ rf/ ;o ;ft lsnf] ln6/
dL6]n cfoft u/L cf7 xhf/ Ps ;o ^!
lsnf] ln6/ laqmL u/]sf] lyof] .
otf, yfgsf]6 l8kf]sf] k|dv
' sf] lhDd]bf/L
;DxfNg cfOk'Ug' ePsf jL/]Gb| uf]Otn] klg
r'xfj6 lgoGq0fdf /fd|f] ;kmntf xft
kfg' { e Psf] tYofn] b] v fPsf] 5 .
k]6f]nsfnflu z"Go bzdnj () dfkb08
tf]lsPsf]df z"Go bzdnj *$ k|ltzt dfq
r' x fj6 ePsf] 5 . o;} U f/L l8hn /
dLt]nsf nflu z"Go bzdnj ^@ dfkb08
/x] klg l8hndf z"Go bzdnj %* /
eLt]ndf z"Go bzdnj %^ k|ltzt dfq
r'xfj6 ePsf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] dfkb08 leq
g} ;Lldt ubf{ sd{rf/Ldfly s'g} k|Zg gp7\g]
cj:yfdf To;f] gu/L 36L g} tYof b]vfO{
ToxfF s f sd{ r f/Ln] pQm cjlwdf
lgudsfnflu sl/a Ps s/f]8 ?lkofF art
u/fO lbPsf 5g\ .

cf/fsfdf ======

of] /fli6o e]nfn] sfFu|];sf] eljio / ;+u7g

cfufdL sfo{qmdsf af/]df ;d]t v'n/] ax;
ug{] a'lemPsf] 5 . of] /fli6o e]nfkl5 sfFu;
]| n]
7f]; sfo{qmd NofO{ rfg eP/ cufl8 a9\g]
tyf zflGt / ;+ljwfgsf]nflu ;/sf/sf] g]tT[ j
lng lgw{Ss e} lglj{jfb lx;fan] cufl8 a9\g]
a'lemPsf] 5 . /fli6o ;xdtLo ;/sf/sf] 7f];
kxn klg sfFu|];s} g]t[Tjdf e} ;xdtLo
;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj klg sfFu|];n] g} ug{] pmhf{
lbP/ lhNnf ;efkltx?sf] /fli6o e]nf
;dfKt x'g] atfOPsf] 5 .

g;s]/ lj/f6gu/sf Pshgf cu|jfn,

Pshgf ;f/8f y/sf Joj;foL sfg'gL
pkrf/df nfu]sf] /fhZj sfof{non] g}
hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5 . pgLx?nfO{ s/
5nL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf sl/a ;ft s/f]8
hl/jfgf u/]kl5 ;ft s/f]8 w/f}6L /fvg]/
sfg'gL pkrf/df uPsf] >f]tn] atfPsf]
5 . /fhZj sfof{nosf Ps c;Gt'i6
sd{ r f/Ln] z' ? df pgLx?;F u sl/a
#)#) nfvsf] b/n] 3"; dfluPsf] /
3"; glbPkl5 hl/jfgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L
lbP . o;}u/L cfGtl/s /fhZj sfof{no
lj/f6gu/n] cf=j= )^*)^( df
nIoeGbf @! s/f]8 a9L /fhZj ;+sng
u/]sf] 5 . d+unaf/ lj/f6gu/df kqsf/
;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/L o:tf] hfgsf/L
lbPsf] xf] . of] jif{ sfof{nosf] nIo
b'O{ ca{ &$ s/f]8 tf]lsPsf]df sfof{non]
b'O{ ca{ (% s/f]8 /fhZj c;'nL u/L
nIoeGbf @! s/f]8 a9L c;'nL ug{
;kmn ePsf] xf] . sfof{nosf] jflif{s
sfo{k|ult ;fj{hlgs ub}{ sfof{no k|d'v
bL3{/fh d}gfnLn] cfly{s jif{ )^*)^(
df s/ sfg"gsf] kfngf gug]{ ;dodf
s/ bflvnf gug]{ ## j6f Jofj;flos
kmd{ n fO{ sfaf{ x L u/L !) s/f] 8
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hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . pxfF n ] /fhZj
a'emfpg] qmddf gSsnL ef}r/ agfO{
k]z ug]{ Pp6} kmd{af6 @ s/f]8 %$
nfv ?k}ofF c;'n ePsf] atfpg' eof] .
To:t} rf/ jif{ klxn]b]lv cfos/sf]
ljj/0f ga'emfpg] kmd{nfO{ klg s/sf]
bfo/fdf Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] d}gfnLn]
hfgsf/L lbg' e of] . s/ ;xeflutf
ghgfpg] tyf Go" g s/ ;xeflutf
hgfpg] s/bftfsf] /fhZj hf]lvd /
ljQLo dxTjsf cfwf/df 5gf}6 u/L
cfos/ tyf d"No clej[l4 s/ @$ s/f]8
%) nfv s/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;af6
s/sf] :j]lR5s ;xeflutfdf klg d2t
ldn]sf] d}gfnLn] atfpg'eof] .

cfon===

u'KtfnfO{====

u+ufnfn ======

dfqfdf clgoldttf / e|i6frf/ ePsf]

;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 / o;} ljifodf 5fglag u/L
bf]ifLxnfO{ sf/afxL ug'{kg]{ dfu;lxt
c:ktfn ;Da4 sd{rf/Lxn] clVtof/df
ph'/L btf{ u/fPsf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 . c:ktfn
;Da4 sd{rf/Lxn] clVtof/df ph'/L btf{
u/fPkl5 clxn] e| i 6frf/df d' l 5Psf
JolQmxsf] lj?4df ePsf] ;|f]tn] atfPsf]
5 . clxn] pgLx cfgf] st'{t n'sfpg
ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx / ljleGg
zlQms]Gb|xsf] 9f]sf 9s9sfpg k'us
] f 5g\
eg] c:ktfn arfpg Odfgbfl/tfk"js
{ sfd
ug]{ / cfjfh p7fpg] sd{rf/LxnfO{
z+sfsf] b[li6n] x]g{] / pgLxnfO{ lgu/fgLdf
/fVg] sfd ePsf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 . c:ktfn
k|zf;gn] h:tf];'s} /j}of ckgfP klg
c:ktfn arfpg / ToxfF leqsf] clgoldttf
/ e|i6frf/ /f]Sg sd{rf/Lsf] Ps ;d"x sDd/
s;]/ nfu]sf] ;|ft] sf] bfaL 5 . ;|ft] sf cg';f/
ca tL sd{ r f/Ln] c:ktfn leqsf]
kmf]x/d}nf x6fpg cfjZos k/] cfd/0f
cg;g a:g] ; Ddsf] tof/Ldf h' 6 ] s f]
atfOPsf] 5 .

sfu;]| n]======

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rln/x]sf] 5 .
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sld;g xft kfg{] u/]sf] cf/f]k v]Kg] u/]sf
lgudsf k|dv
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cf/f]kaf6 7"nf] /fxt kfpg ;kmn ePsf]
tYof\sn] b]lvPsf] 5 . cf=j= @)^&^*
sf] cjlwdf k]6f]n b'O{ xhf/ ;ft ;o *)
lsnf] ln6/ cfoft ul/Psf] d f cf=j=
@)^*^( df Ps xhf/ Ps ;o ^) lsnf]
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df l8hn a/f}gLaf6 ^^ xhf/ gf} ;o @)
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gof ljdz{ *

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Od]n Mnayabimarsha@gmail.com, nayabimarshaweekly@gmail.com, bimarsha_weekly@yahoo.com d'b0| f M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , sf7df8f}+ -)!$$$%%@)_
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s;n] sfd u/]sf] 5 . lsg sfd
u/]sf] 5 . oL k|Zgn] cfz+sf pTkGg
u/]sf] 5 . cflv/ h] ;'s} eP klg
Ps k6s Roflt ;lsPsf] sfuhsf]

lxhf]sf dw]Gb|jfbL cfhsf dw]zjfbLn]

slt hgtfsf kIfdf sfd u5{g\ eGg]
ljifo ;f]Rg' lbjf:jKg dfq xf] . ctM
dw];sf /}yfg] dw]zL ;d'bfo
cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] s] a'em\g h?/L
5 eg] ul/vfg] ju{sf] d'lQm ju{
Pstfn] g} ;Dej 5 .
xf] eg] kf6L{df cfkm\gf] kb / dGqL
kb 5f8\g g;s]/ kf6L{ rf]O6fpg]x?n]
s:tf] Tofu ug]{ x'g cfkm}df Ps k|Zg
v8f u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f} kf6L{df a:g
g;s]/ kmf]/d cfwf bh{geGbf al9
kf6L{df ljeflht 5, ljefhgsf]
k|lqmof km]l/ klg hf/L 5 . ;b\efjgf
cfkm}+df cfwf bh{g hlt 5 / Tof]
klg cem ljefhgs} k|lqmofdf 5 .
tdnf]kf klg b'O{ lr/f e};s]sf] 5 ,
Tof] klg ca slxn] km]l/ 6'lqmG5
7'ufgf 5}g . Pp6} gLlt , sfo{qmd
ePsf g]kfnsf jfdkGyL eGg] kf6L{x?
t Ps x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ eg] s'g}

6'qmf slt lbg xfn]/ Pp6} agfpg

;lsG5 / < ctM r' g fj lhTg]
/0fgLlt / ef]ln ;Qmf afu]{lgsf]
/0fgLlt xf] eg] of] s'g} gf}nf] ljifo
xf];\ lsgls k6s k6s dw]zdf ;fv
u'dfO;s]sf] x? km]l/ hgtfnfO{ rSdf
lbg Ps kf6L{ gLlt cufl8 ;f/]sf
5g\ . t/, pgLx?n] hlt;'s} dw];
d'2fsf rsf{ s'/f u/]tf klg ca Tof]
a]df};dL afhf e};s]sf] 5 lsgeg]
k~rfotb] l v k| h ftGq / clxn]
u0ftGq;Dd cfpF b f ltgLx?n]
dw]zsf kIfdf slt sfd u/] Tof] t

P]g nfu" ef], 5'jf5"t oyfjt}

sf7df8f}F, !! ;fpg . d'n'sdf

hftLo e]b\efj tyf 5'jf5"t -s;'/
;hfo_ P]g, @)^* kfl/t eO{ nfu'
ePsf] nueu 8]9 jif{ lalt;Sbf klg
;f]sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf]
5} g . ;f] P] g cfO;s] k l5 klg
sfnLsf] 6 , b} n ] v , alb{ o f,
;Kt/Lnufotsf lhNnfdf r' n f]
5f]Psf] lgxF'df, kfgL 5f]Psf] lgxF'df,
cGthf{ t Lo ljjfx u/] s f] h:tf
sf/0faf6 rf/hgfsf] xTof eO;s]sf]
5 eg] cGthf{tLo ljjfx ug]{ y'k}|
hf]8L / blnt kl/jf/ lj:yflkt
5g\ . xfn} /fhwfgL;Fu hf]l8Psf]
wflb lhNnfsf] kL8f uflj; j8f g+
% dnfvs{ lgjf;L gj/fh ljsn]
;Demgf ;'j]bL;Fu k|]dljjfx u/]s}
sf/0f slyt pkNnf] hflt egfpFbfn]
ut c;f/ !( ut] blnt ;d'bfodfly
s' 6 lk6 Pjd\ cft\ s dRrfO{
blnta:tL g} lj:yflkt x' g ' k g] {
cj:yf l;h{gf ul/of] . Tof] kl/jf/
clxn];Dd klg ufpF kms{g ;s]sf]
5}g . ;f] P]g Joj:yflksf;+;b\af6
kfl/t ePnuQ} b}n]v tf]nL uflj;
j8f g+ @ wgLufpF lgjf;L ;Gtaxfb'/
bdfO{+ / ;f]xL :yfg a:g] /fhs'df/L
zfxLaLr k|d
] ;DaGw sfod eO{ b'jn
} ]
cfk;L ;dembf/Ldf k|d
] ljjfx u/]sf]
lgxF ' d f s] 6 L /fhs' d f/L zfxLsf]
dfOtLkIfn] @)^* ;fn ebf} !$ ut]
;Gtaxfb' / sf afa' ;] t ] n fO{
;f\3flts cfqmd0f u/]kl5 lghsf]
d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
blntclwsf/sdL{
/
;/f]sf/jfnfsf] rf}tkmL{ bafakl5
@)^* ;fn d\l;/ @$ ut] sfnLsf]6
h'ljwf uflj; j8f g+ ( df r'nf]
5f]Psf] lgxF'df u}/blntsf] s'6fOaf6
d[ T o' ePsf dgjL/] ;' g f/sf
xTof/fnfO{ ;/sf/n] kqmfp u/L

sf/afxL rnfpgfsf ;fy} kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{:j?k ? b; nfv
pknAw u/fof] . b}n]v 36gfsf
bf]ifLnfO{ eg] bafakl5 kqmfp u/L
sf/afxL ul/of] / ;f] 36gfsf kLl8t
;]t]sf kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] ? b;
nfv Ifltk"lt{ / ljjflxt hf]8LnfO{
cGthf{tLo ljjfx k|f]T;fxg /sd
tTsfn pknAw u/fpg] lg0f{o u/]
tfklg clxn];Dd kLl8t kl/jf/sf]
xftdf kg{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;}u/L
;Kt/L, k\;]/f uflj; j8f g+ #
lgjf;L /fhs'df/ bf;sf @! jifL{o
5f]/f lzjz\s/sf] :yfgLo u}/blnt
;Ltf rf}w/L;Fu k|]d;DaGw rn]sf]
ljifodf ljjfb eO{ @)^* ;fn df3
!^ ut]] ljif ;]jg u/fO{ lghsf] xTof
ul/of] . ;f] 36gfsf bf]ifLnfO{ kqmfp
u/L sf/afxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOP
klg kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ clxn];Dd
/fHon] g Ifltk"lt{, g t /fxt g}
pknAw u/fpg ;s]sf] 5 . d[ts
lzjz\ s /sf lktf /fhs' d f/n]
eGg'eof] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no,
sNof0fk'/df ls6fgL hfx]/L lbFbf klg
nfdf] ;do;Dd ;DalGwt k|x/L
lgsfon] ls6fgL lng dfg]g, ls6fgL
hfx]/L lnPkl5 bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL t
ul/of] t/ Ifltk"lt{ / /fxtsf nflu
sf7df8f}F uP/ dlxgf}F a;]F, ;/sf/ /
;/f]sf/jfnfn] s'g} rf;f] b]vfPgg\ .
P]g kfl/t;Fu} Joj:yflksf;+;b\,
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f
;ldltcGtu{ t hftLo e] b efj,
5'jf5"t ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo
;DaGwdf cWoog ug{ ul7t
pk;ldltn] P]gsf] sfof{Gjog;DaGwL
#! lhNnfdf u/]sf] cWoogcg';f/
P] g sf af/] d f ljleGg lhNnfsf
k|zf;lgs lgsfon] g} cgle1tf k|s6
u/]sf 5g\ . k|ltj]bgdf cWoogsf

qmddf hftLo e] b efj Pjd\

5' j f5" t sf 36gfnfO{ ufpF : t/d}
ldnfkq u/fO{ sfg' g L bfo/fdf
k'Ugaf6 /f]Sg] k|of; klg ug]{ u/]sf]
pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . alb{of lhNnf
wwjf/@ asnjf/sf /fdaxfb'/
;fsL{sf] ut c;f/ !% ut] lunf;
5f]Psf] lgx'dF f u}/blnt ;Ltf/fd yf?,
/fds[i0f yf?nufotn] s'6lk6 u/L
xTof u/] k l5 bf] i fLnfO{ kqmfp,
kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ / /fxt t stf
xf] stf 36gfaf/] :yfgLo k|x/L
k|zf;g / kL8s kIfn] 9fs5f]k ug{
vf]h]sf sf/0f 36gf ePsf] xKtf
lbg;Dd klg aflx/ cfpg ;s]g .
clxn] ;f] 36gfsf bf]ifLnfO{ kqmfp
u/L sf/afxL ul/P klg kLl8t
kl/jf/n] /fxt / Ifltk"lt{ kfpg
;s] s f] 5} g . PsLs[ t g] s kf dfcf]jfbL_sf g]tf ljZjeQm b'nfnn]
P]gsf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf] pRr
kbdf a:g] JolQmn] g} cgle1tf
k|s6 u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] g}
k|rf/k|;f/ ug'k{ g]{ eGb} hftLo e]befj
tyf 5'jf5"tsf] ck/fwsf] hfx]/L lng
cfn6fn, c6] / / OGsf/ ug] {
kbflwsf/LnfO{ ;/sf/n] g} ljefuLo
sf/afxL ug'{kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .
k" j { ; ef;b\ ljgf] b kxf8Ln]
/fHosf] k'gM;+/rgf ePkl5 /fli6o
blnt cfof]u / /fli6o blnt pTyfg
kl/ifb\ clwsf/;DkGg cw{Goflos
lgsfosf ?kdf :yflkt gx'bF f;Dd
s]Gb|b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dd 5'jf5"t
ck/fw lgu/fgL s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf
ul/g'kg]{ dfu ug'{eof] . zflGtsf
nflu ;femf cleofg -sf]Sofk_ sf
cWoIf tyf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ jf;'
9sfnn] hftLo e] b efj tyf
5'jf5"tsf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn ;Daf]wg
ug{ ;/sf/L ;+ o Gq k| e fjsf/L

;'efif e

5n{ e};s]sf] 5 . oqf] jif{ ;fdGtL

Joj:yfsf kIfkf]ifsx? ca ablnbf]
kl/l:yltdf 5]kf/f]n] / km]/] em}
km] l //x] s f 5g\ / Ps gDa/sf
dw] ; jfbL ePsf 5g\ . lxhf] s f
dw]Gb|jfbL cfhsf dw]zjfbLn] slt
hgtfsf kIfdf sfd u5{g\ eGg] ljifo
;f]Rg' lbjf:jKg dfq xf] . ctM
dw] ; sf /} y fg] dw] z L ;d' b fo
cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] s] a'em\g
h?/L 5 eg] ul/vfg] ju{sf] d'lQm
ju{ Pstfn] g} ;Dej 5 . ;Dk"0f{
zf]lift, kLl8t, bldt hgtf Ps h'6
eP/ To:tf h'sfx?sf lj?4 wfjf
af]Ng' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . Gofok"0f{
hg;+3if{ af6 dfq ul/vfg] ju{sf]
d'lQm ;Dej 5 . ul/vf] ju{sf] Ps
bn / To;}sf] 5ftfd'lg cfd zf]lift,
kLl8t, bldt uf]nj4 x'g' h?/L 5 .
ctM dw]zdf Ps kfl6{ gLltnfO{
zf]lift, kLl8tx?n] gofF 9+un] p7fP/
cufl8 a9fpg' kb{5 . o;n] b]zL,
ljb] z L k| l tlqmofjfbL, bnfn,
gf]s/zfxL, k'FhLkltx?sf] km'6fp /
/fh u/ sf] gLlt dfly rf]6 k'Ug] 5
/ b]zsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf klg hf]lug]
5 . eg] csf]{lt/ ;lbof]}b]lv csf{sf]
/ut r';]/ a;]sf h'sfx? gfd]6
x'g]5g\ . cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efdf
hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg n]Vg / cfkm\gf]
clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ of] g} clGtd
ljsNk xf] lsgeg] of] hg;+3if{df
xfdL;Fu u'dfpg of] ef}lts zl// afx]s
s]lx 5}g eg] lrGgsf nflu k"/f ;+;f/ .
Ps kfl6{ gLltnfO{ xfdLn] ju{ ;+3if{sf]
sl8sf ?kdf hf]8/] x]g{' h?/L 5 .
gb]lvPsfn] To; k|sf/sf 36gfnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ cfjZos ;+oGqsf]
lgdf{0f ug'k{ g]{df hf]8 lbFb} ;fFlRrs}
5'jf5"t cGTosf nflu 5'jf5"tlj?4
b]zJofkL cleofg g} ;~rfng ug'k{ g]{
cf} F N ofpg' e of] . hfu/0f ldl8of
;]G6/sL pkfWoIf sdnf ljZjsdf{
Goflos k|lqmofdf blnt ;d'bfosf]
Go"g kxF'r b]lvPsfn] /fHosf] ;a}
txsf Goflos Pjd\ sfg'gL ;+oGqdf
hftLo e]befj tyf 5'jf5"t;DaGwL
ck/fwsf d'2f x]g{] ljz]if Ohnf; s]Gb|
:yfkgf u/L Goflos k|lqmofnfO{
;j{;n
' e u/fpg cfjZos gLlt to
ug'k{ g]{ wf/0ff /fVg'xG' 5 .
o;eGbf klxn] klg tTsfnLg
k| w fgdGqL z] / axfb' / b] p jf,
;"oa{ xfb'/ yfkf / k'iksdn bfxfnsf
kfnfdf 5'jf5"tnfO{ Jojxf/df cGTo
ug]{, e]befj / 5'jf5"t ;d:ofnfO{
;/sf/L d'2fsf ?kdf cl3 a9fpg]
/ s]Gb|b]lv uflj;:t/;Dd 5'jf5"t
lgu/fgL s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ 3f]if0ff
gul/Psf xf]Ogg\, t/ tL 3f]if0ff
3f] i f0ffdf dfq ;Lldt /Xof] ,
sfof{Gjogdf cfpg;s]g . kl5Nnf]
k6s tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL emngfy
vgfn g]t[Tjsf] ;/sf/sf kfnfdf
)^* ;fn h]7 !) ut] a;]sf]
Joj:yflksf;+ ; b\ s f] a} 7 sn]
;j{;Ddltaf6 hftLo e]befj tyf
5'jf5"t -s;'/ / ;hfo_ P]g, @)^*
kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] P]gsf] bkmf
$ sf] pkbkmf@ -s_ / -v_ df
s;}n] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ k|yf, k/Dk/f,
wd{, ;+:s[lt, /Lltl/jfh, hft, j+z,
;d'bfo jf k];fsf cfwf/df ;f]
bkmfadf]lhdsf] sfd u/] jf u/fPdf
hftLo e]befj jf 5'jf5"t u/]sf]
dflgg] pNNf]v 5 . To:t} bkmf & sf]
pkbkmf ! -s_ df s;'/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{
tLg dlxgfb]lv tLg jif{;Dd s}b jf
? Ps xhf/b]lv kRrL; xhf/;Dd
hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g ;Sg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

r'/e] fj/sf] o'jf ;+3 u7g

sf7df8f} . t/fO{df ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] k|ltsf/af6 hlGdPsf] r'/] efj/
/fli6o Pstf kf6L{ g]kfnsf] o'jf eft[;+u7g r'/]efj/ /fli6o o'jf ;+3 g]kfn
u7g ePsf] 5 . ;f] kf6L{sf] xfn} a;]sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o cg';f/
z+s/ yfkfsf] cWoIftfdf !)( ;b:oLo s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] ;+3n]
hf/L u/]sf] lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . s]Gb|Lo sldltdf &% lhNnfaf6 Ps Ps
hgf, ljsf; If]qaf6 Ps Ps hgf / ## k|ltzt dlxnf ;xeflutf u/fO{
!)( ;b:o agfOPsf] xf] . ;+3n] ljsf; lgdf{0f / hgtfsf] ;'/Iffsf]nflu
o'jfx?nfO{ ;+ul7t ub}{ To;lj?4 nfUg] hf] sf]xLsf lj?4 ;+3if{ ug]{ lj1lKtdfkm{t\
:ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . kf6L{n] u7g u/]sf] zflGt ;]gf;Fu ;xsfo{ ub}{ g]kfn /
g]kfnL hgtfdfly x'g] ;a} vfn] lje]b, e]befj, cGofo cTofrf/sf lj?4
hgtfsf] clwsf/ /Iffsf] kIfdf nfUg] ;d]t lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 .

kt~hnL of]ukL7 cfqmf]lzt

sf7df8f} . afaf /fdb]jf/f ;+/lIft kt~hnL of]ukL7, g]kfnn] ef/tLo
;/sf/sf] x]kfxf k|j[lQlj?4 Ps h'6 x'g cfJxfg u/]sf] 5 . kL7n] kqsf/
;Dd]ng u/]/ ef/tLo k/Dk/f / ;F:s[ltnfO{ ljZje/L km}nfpg] g]kfnL d"nsf
ef/tLo gful/s cfrfo{ afns[i0fnfO{ ef/tsf] s]Gb|Lo hfFr Ao"/f] ;LjLcfO{n]
gSsnL k|df0f tof/ kf/L /fxbfgL agfPsf] cf/f]k nufP/ kqmfp ug'{ ;Dk"0f{
g]kfnL dflysf] ef/tLo x]kfxf k|j[lQ ePsf] eGb} To;sf]lj?4 Ps h''6 x'g
cfJxfg u/]sf] xf] . cfo'jb{] sf lz/f]dl0f cfrfo{ afns[i0fnfO{ g]kfnL d"nsf ef/tLo
gful/s ePs} sf/0f ljgf k|df0f sf/fuf/df xfNg vf]hs
] f] c/f]k nufpFb} pgLx?n]
o;n] ef/tdf uO{ sfd ug]{ nfvf} ;fwf/0f g]kfnLdfly ef/tn] s:tf] t'R5 Aojxf/
u5{ eGg] k|i6 ePsf] cf/f]k nufP . ;+:yfn] ef/tdf a;]sf cfd g]kfnLx?sf]
hLjg ;'/Iffsf] nflu klg ef/tLo s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/sf] lgGbgLo sfo{sf lj?4
hfu?s x'g ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLx?nfO{ cfJxfg klg u/of] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf ljtl/t
k|;
] lj1KtLdf elgPsf] 5 eujfg\ >L/fd, uf}td a'4, dftf ;Ltfsf ;dob]lv
/x]sf] g]kfn ef/tsf] ;fF:s[lts ;'dw'/ ;DaGw / ;b\efjk"0f{ efOrfe:/fnfO{
tf]8\g ef/t ;/sf/n] if9oGq u/]sf] eGb} ljZjdf 5l/P/ /x]sf g]kfnLx?n]
cfo'j]{b lz/f]dl0f cfrfo{ afns[i0fdfly ul/Psf] ab\lgotk"0f{ tl/sfn] u/]sf]
if9\oGqk|lt v/f]?kdf k|ltjfb ug{ cfJxfg ub{5f}+ . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf af]Nb}
kt~hnL of]ukL7sf 6i6L zflnu|fd l;+xn] g]kfnL d"nsf ef/tLo gful/s
cfrfo{ afns[i0fsf] ljZj kl/lrt gfdnfO{ bf; k|j[l4sf] ef/t ;/sf/n]
if9\oGqk"j{s j]gfd ug{ nfluk/]sf] cf/f]k nufP . pgn] eg] ef/taf6
k|sflzt x'g] Ol08of 6'8] / cfp6 n'sdf ef/tLo o'jfx?df 6k6]gdf /fx'n
ufGwLkl5 afns[i0fsf] gfd k|sflzt ePb]lv g} lj:tf/jfbL ;f]rsf] ef/tn]
g]kfnL d"nsf ef/tLo gful/s ePs} sf/0f afns[i0fnfO{ if9\oGqk"js
{ sf/fuf/
rnfg u/]sf] 5, pgnfO{ g5f]8] xfdL ;Dk"0f{ wfld{s ;+u7gx? ldnL cfd/0f
cgzgsf] sfo{qmd Nofpg] 5f}+ . s]Gb|Lo k|ef/L njb]jn] g]kfnLx?nfO{ bf;sf]
gh/n] x]g]{ ef/tLo x]kfxf k|j[l4sf] s8f lj/f]wdf pqg] r]tfjgL lbFb} eg]
ef/tLo /fhb"tnfO{ cfrfo{ afns[i0fsf] ljifodf 1fkgkq a'emfpFg hfFbf
;fwf/0f sd{rf/LnfO{ 1fkgkq a'e\mg k7fOof], o;n] klg g]kfnL e"dL /
g]kfnL hgtfdflysf] x]kfxf k|j[l4 k|i6 x'G5 . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf dlxnf
s]Gb|Lo k|ef/L x]df 9'+ufgfn] g]kfnL d"nsf ef/tLo gful/s cfrfo{
afns[i0fnfO{ ul/Psf] if9\oGq afns[i0fnfO{ dfq geO{ ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLnfO{
;d]t y|]8 ePsf] cf/f]k nufOg\ .

em'n lbbf /f]uL 36\b}

Efb|k/' sfnfhf/ /f]u lgoGq0fsf nflu ;/sf/f/f ;~rflnt 7f]; pkfosf
sf/0f emfkfdf sfnfhf/ /f]uLsf] ;\Vof a;]{lg 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . /f]uLsf]
lgMz'Ns pkrf/, k|efljt If]qdf sL6gfzs cf}iflw 5/fO, /f]uaf/] hgr]tgf
/ pkrf/ u/fP/ kms{g] qmddf ? Ps xhf/sf ;fy} sL6gfzs e'mn;d]t
ljt/0f ul/Psfn] /f]u / /f]uL qmlds?kdf 36\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . rf/ jif{sf]
tYof\s x]bf{ emfkfdf sfnfhf/sf /f]uLsf] ;\Vofdf sdL cfpgfsf ;fy}
/f]usf sf/0f d[To' x'gs
] f] ;\Vof klg 36]sf] 5 . lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf
cg';f/ cfj )^%)^^ df lhNnfsf !% uflj;df &^ hgf la/fdL km]nf
k/]sfdf rf/sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . cfj )^^)^& df !! uflj;el/sf b'O{
la/fdLdWo] Pssf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] )^&)^* df Gff} uflj;sf @!
la/fdLdWo] s;}sf] d[To' ePg . lj;+ )^*)^( df 5 uflj;sf !( hgf ;f]
/f]uaf6 kLl8t ePsfdf dx]zk'/# a:g] ^) jifL{of x]gf d8Lsf] d[To' ePsf]
lyof] . rfn' cfjdf dfq Ps la/fdL b]vfk/]sf] / pgsf] eb|k'/l:yt d]rL
c~rn c:ktfndf pkrf/ eO/x]sf] lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nosf e]S6/
j]bk|;fb l3ld/]n] hfgsf/L u/fpg'eof] . sfnfhf/sf /f]uLsf nflu
dfOn]6kmf]l;g gfds vfg] cf}iflw a9L k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 . ;f] cf}iflw @*
lbg;Dd lgoldt?kdf vfPkl5 /f]u lgsf] x'g] ul/Psf] e]S6/ l3ld/]
atfpg'eof] . /f]uaf6 lhNnfsf sf]/f]af/L, dx]zk'/, xNbLaf/L, 3]/faf/L,
cgf/dgL / afn'af8L uflj; k|efljt 5g\ . of] /f]u ;\qmldt kf]yL hftsf]
lkmlnaf]6f]d; cf/h]lG6k; ;]G8 km\nfO e';g' faf6 ;5{ . vf;u/L /f]u km}nfpg]
e';'gf Dff6f] / uf]a/n] lnlkPsf] 3/sf] leQf, rls{Psf] 7fpF, uf]a/sf] u'OF7f
agfP/ rf kf/]/ /flvPsf] 7fpFdf a9L kfOg] ul/Psf] 5 . sfnf] / v}/f]
/sf] e';g' f a9Ldf 5 lkm6;Dd plk|mg] u5{ . o;af6 hf]lugsf nflu e'mndf
;'Tg'kg]{ / 3/cfFug ;kmf /fVg'kg]{ e]S6/ l3ld/]n] atfpg'eof] . d'n'ssf] k"jL{
t/fO{sf emfkf, df]/, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, pbok'/, wg'iff, dxf]t/L, ;nf{xL,
/f}tx6, af/f, k;f{ u/L !@| lhNnfdf of] ;?jf /f]u b]vfk/]sf] 5 .

6]lnkmf]g dd{tdf l9nf

lj/f6gu/, !! ;fpg . g]kfn 6]lnsd lj/f6gu/n] 6]lnkmf]g dd{t tyf
lgdf{0fdf Jofks l9nf;':tL x'g] u/]sf] 5 . jiff{t\sf sf/0f nfdf] ;dob]lv
NofG8nfOg 6]lnkmf]g cj?4 x'bF f k6sk6s wfpFbf ;d]t dd{t x'bF g} . lnlvt
Pjd\ df}lvs ph'/L u/]sf] ef]lnkN6 cfgf] k|fljlwsaf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] / ;]jf
r':tb'?:t /fVg] bfaL ul/P klg 6]lnkmf]g cj?4 ePsf] !% lbg lalt;Sbf
;d]t dd{t ug{ ;+:yf gcfPsfdf ;j{q cfqmf]z 5 . u'0f:t/ tyf gfktf}n
If]qLo sfof{non] 6]lnkmf]g lau|]sf] @! lbg;Dd dd{t gePsf] hgfPsf] 5 .
o;n] ubf{ ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ k|efjsf/L ;]jf lbg g;lsPsf] sfof{no k|dv
' zlze"if0f
ofbjn] atfpg'eof] . To:t} ;f]xL sfof{nosf] l5d]sdf /x]sf s[lif ljsf;
a}+s, lzIff sfof{no, /f;; If]qLo sfof{no tyf s]xL Joj;foLsf] 6]lnkmf]g
nfdf] ;dob]lv cj?4 5 . ph'/L u/]sf] !% lbg eO;s]sf] 5 . lj/f6gu/
!% sf kqsf/ t]h]Gb| e08f/Ln] 7fpF;f/L ug{ ;d]t 6]lnkmf]g sd{rf/Ln]
gf:tfkfgL vf]Hg] u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg'eof] . 6]lnsd sfof{no k|dv
' nlnts'df/
bf; ;?jf eP/ cfPb]lv ToxfFsf] ;]jf ;':t /x]sf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L atfpF5g\ .

ljrf/

@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

cGge08f/ / dndf sfnf]ahf/L

;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36g;Fu} dw]z

Ao'/f]sf] rrf{ kl/rrf{ ;]nfPsf] 5}g .
;+ljwfg;efsf] lj36gkZrft\ /fli6o
dw]z ;dfhjfbL kf6L{sf] hGd, g]skf
dfcf]jfbL -j}B_ / dw]zL hgclwsf/
kmf]/d -u0ftflGqs_ df efF8e}nf]
dlRrPsf] 5 . kl5Nnf] k6s g]kfnsf]
/fhgLltdf t/fO{dw]zsf] e"ldsf
cu|0fL g} /lx/Xof] . glhlsFbf] cfly{s
jif{sf] ah]6 k"0f{, cf+lzs jf Ps
t[tLo s] Nofpg] eGg] ts{ljts{
;/sf/L / ljkIf /fhgLlts
bnxaLr jlQmTjsnf k|ltof]lutf
ljleGg :yfgdf x'bF } cfPsf] 5 . To;f]
t ;+ljwfg;efsf] r'gfj klg d+l;/
& ut] glhlsb} ubf{ ;/sf/n] klg
k"0f{ ah]6 Nofpg'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf]
ts{ gfhfoh xf] O g . csf] { t km{
k|ltkIfxf] / gjul7t bnxsf]
s'n of]ukmn klg ;/sf/L df]rf{sf]
eGbf a9L g} 5 . /fhgLlts
bnxsf] Gofofnosf] kdf clxn]
zLtn lgjf; /fi6kltdf uPsf]
b]lvG5 . vf;u/L ck/fw / e|i6frf/
df}nfO/x]sf] a]nf kl5Nnf] k6s
/f;folgs dndf klg 3f]6fnf sf08
7"n} ePsf] kfOG5 . /f;folgs dnsf]
xfxfsf/n] ubf{ kxf8L e]unfO{ g} a9L
gf]S;fgL eof] eg] t/fO{df /f]kfO{ ;'
eO;s]sf] 5}g . /f]kfO{ x'g] a]nf;Dd
/f;folgs dn lelqg] ;Defjgf
b]lvG5 . o;/L x]bf{ klg t/fO{ d}qL
;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;/sf/sf]
cu|;/tfsf] emns kfOG5 . lgZro
klg o;nfO{ cGoyf lng' x'bF g} . To;f]
t g]kfnsf] t/fO{ -dw]z_ nfO{ cGg
e08f/sf] kdf lnOcfPsf] kfOG5 .
s[lif k|wfg b]z g]kfnsf] d]b08
/x]sf] t/fO{ cfh a9\bf] cf}Bf]uLs/0f
/ r'l/of h+unsf] km8fgLn] ubf{
Oltxf;sf kfgfdf t st} s'g} ;Lldt
x'g] xf]Og eGg] lrGtf klg gu'lGhPsf]
xf]Og . vf;u/L g]kfnsf] jflif{s ah]6
zf;s ju{ / g]tfxsf] vftfdf g}
d"Noj[l4 x'Fbf hgtf dxFuL, ul/aL /
a]/f]huf/Lsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf] kfOG5 .
t/, ljb]zL bftfaf6 cfPsf] /sd
klg ltg} zf;s ju{ / g]tfxsf]
vftfdf dh{/ x'G5 . g]kfnsf] d'Vo
vfBfGoafnL wfg xf] . cfh;Dd klg
*) k|ltzt eGbf a9L hgtf s[lif
If]qdf g} cfl>t 5g\ eg] s"n ufx{:y
pTkfbgsf] d'Vo lx:;f -sl/a #&
k|ltzt_ s[lif If]qsf] g} /x]sf] kfOG5 .
jflif{s ah]6 /fhgLltsdL{, Jofkf/L
/ ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq kmfObf
x'g] gLlt aGg hfG5 . gq jflif{s #
va{ b ] l v $ va{ s f] ah] 6 sf] #&
k|ltzt lx:;f cf]u6\g] s[lif If]qsf]
ah]6df @ b]lv # k|ltzt dfq
cg' b fg -& b] l v * ca{ _ lsg
/f;folgs dndf pknAw gu/fPsf]
9' s ' 6 L n' 6 \ g ] ;/sf/n] . x' g t
dnvfbs} ljifodf sld;g sf08n]
tTsfnLg s[lifdGqL -gGbg bQ_ n]
tTsfnLg s[lif ;lrjnfO{ ;jfdf
u/] eg] t/fO{ d f ;oeGbf a9L
t/fO{af;Lsf] 6fpsf] km'6]sf] lyof] .
t/fO{ a f6} k| l tlglwTj u/] s f
s[lifdGqLn] jLpljhgdf ;x'lnot,
/f;folgs dn pknAw u/fpg],
s[lifnfO{ Jofj;flos/0f ug],{ t/fO{df
l;+ r fOsf] Joj:yf / kxf8df
s'nf]gx/sf] ljsf;, s[ifsnfO{ ;'ne
shf{ cg'bfg qm[0f lbg'eGbf clgoldt
ta/n] /fhgLlts lgo'lQm, sd{rf/L
;jf / dnvfbsf] sldzgdf
nfnflot eP . To;sf] k'/:sf/:jk
s[lifdGqLsf] hflu/ Rjf eof] .
g]kfndf )%* ;fndf klxnf] k6s
s[lif If]qnfO{ /f;folgs dnsf] ;xof]u
ug] { lgodfjnL agfpF b f ljb] z L
bftfxn] o;sf] lj4 cfjfh klg
gp7fPsf xf]Ogg\ . lj=;+= @)^% ;fn
r}t !@ ut]af6 /f;folgs dndf
;/sf/n] ;x' l not lbg] eg] /
cf}krfl/s sfof{Gjogdf cfof] .
ljb]zL bft{;:+ yfxn] lhDd]jf/L axg

/fhf/fd clwsf/L

x'g t dnvfbs} ljifodf sld;g sf08n] tTsfnLg

s[lifdGqL -gGbg bQ_ n] tTsfnLg s[lif ;lrjnfO{
;jfdf u/] eg] t/fO{df ;oeGbf a9L t/fO{af;Lsf]
6fpsf] km'6s
] f] lyof] . t/fO{af6} k|ltlglwTj u/]sf
s[lifdGqLn] jLpljhgdf ;x'lnot, /f;folgs dn
pknAw u/fpg], s[lifnfO{ Jofj;flos/0f ug],{
t/fO{df l;+rfOsf] Joj:yf / kxf8df s'nf]gx/sf]
ljsf;, s[ifsnfO{ ;'ne shf{ cg'bfg qm[0f lbg'eGbf
clgoldt ta/n] /fhgLlts lgo'lQm, sd{rf/L ;jf
/ dnvfbsf] sldzgdf nfnflot eP . To;sf]
k'/:sf/:jk s[lifdGqLsf] hflu/ Rjf eof] .
ug]{ w}o{tf b]vfpg' ;sf/fTds kIf
xf] . t/, ;/sf/n] w}ot{ f dfq b]vfP/
hgtf 9fF6g\ ] sfd ug]{ u/]sf]n] g}
hgtfx df/df k/]sf] kfOG5 .
vf;u/L /f;folgs dnsf] lhDd]jf/L
jf egf}+ ;'ne ljt/0f klxn] lghL /
;/sf/L b'j} txaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf]df
@)^@ ;fnkl5 ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{
dfq lhDd]jf/L lbOof] . o;sf] d'Vo
sf/0f rflx+ l5d]sL zlQm ;DkGg /fi6
ef/t / rLgn] oxL gLlt cjnDag
u/]sf] kfOG5 . cem d'Vo sf/0f
eGg' k bf{ ;/sf/L JolQmxn]
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] x'G5
h;n] ubf{ pgLx hgtfk| l t
pQ/bfoL x'G5g\ t/ g]kfndf @)^@
kl5 ;/sf/L ;x'lnotsf] dn ljt/0f
ug]{ lhDdf s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgLn] kfof]
eg] kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;/sf/L cGo
lgsfo ;fN6 6]l 8nufotn] kfPklg
xfn;Dd sfo{ u/] s f] kfOF b } g .
ef/taf6 ;LdfjtL{ jL/uGh gfsfx'bF }
lelqg] /f;folgs dn cfh dfgf] vfP/
d'/L pAhfpg] ;dodf s[ifsn] gkfpg'
Pp6f cGg ;+s6sf] vt/gfs rfn
xf] s'g} ;f]dflnof agfP/ ef]sd/L
lgDTofpg] rfnfafhL zf;s ju{ /
;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] u/]sf t xf]Ogg\
eGg] uDeL/ k|Zg plAhPsf] 5 . wfg
/f]Kbf;Fu} rflxG5 /f;folgs dndf
csf]{ cfly{s rnv]n / sfnfahf/L
ePsf] 5 . ljutdf lghL If]qn] klg
cfk"lt{ ub}{ cfPklg xfn /f;folgs
dnsf] laqmL ljt/0f lghL If]qaf6
geO{ ;/sf/L ;+:yf s[lif ;fdu|L
sDkgLn] dfq lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] 5 .

vf;u/L lghL If] q af6 ljutdf

k|ltaf]/f -%) s]hL_ /f;folgs dn
@@ ;ob]lv @% ;osf] xf/fxf/Ldf
s[ i fsn] kfpF y ] hals ;/sf/L
cg' b fgdf s[ l if ;fdu| L sDkgL
lnld6]8af6 k|ltaf]/fsf] /f;folgs
dn ()) b]lv Ps xhf/ @@ k}ofF
dfq kb{5 . ToxL+ sf/0f lghL If]q
dxFuf] ahf/sf sf/0f lj:yflkt
aGof] . klAns k|fOe]6 kf6{g/zLk
cjwf/0ff c+uLsf/ s]xL b'O{ tLgj6f
lghL sDkgL;F u ;fem] b f/L u/L
;/sf/n] /f;folgs dn ;x'lnotdf
g} pknAw u/fpg ;SbYof] t/ ;/sf/
lgolt sldzgvf]/L / sfnf]ahf/L
tyf s[ifsnfO{ cg'bfgdf cNemfP/
dn ;+s6 kf/L sfnf]ahf/L l;h{gf
u/L cfkm\gf] 9's6' L eg]{ k|k~r u/]sf]
dfGg ;lsG5 . x}g eg] lsg /f]kfOsf]
;dodf /f;folgs dnsf] ;+s6
agfOG5 < ;/sf/L cg'bfgdf clxn]
@)@% k|ltzt dfq /f;folgs dn
pknAw u/fpg] of]hgf ;/sf/n]
u/]sf] kfOG5 . )^* ebf}af6 ;LdfjtL{
If]qaf6 /f;folgs dnsf] cfk"lt{ aGb
eof] . /f;folgs dncGtu{t o'l/of
/ l8PkL u/L b'O{ k|sf/sf] dn
k|of]udf cfPsf] kfOG5 . h;df
clwsf+z ls;fgn] o'l/of dn k|of]u
ub{ 5 g\ . vf;u/L o' l /ofdf $^
k|ltzt vfBtTj tyf l8PkL df ^$
k|ltzt vfBtTj x'G5 . To;}n] cGg
a9L pAhfpg klg l8PkL dnsf] k|of]u
agfpg'kg]d
{ f dxFuf] d"Nosf sf/0f
s[ifsx o'l/of dn k|of]u ug{ afWo
5g\ . o;n] ;du| vfB pTkfbg /

b]zsf] cy{tGqdf g} gsf/fTds c;/

kfb{5 . ut jif{sf] tYof+sdf klg
k|To]s jif{ & nfv d]l6s 6gsf]
cfjZostf kb{5 t/ tLg nfv
d]l6s 6g dfq klg /f;folgs dn
ls;fgn] kfpg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvb}g .
uPsf] jif{ ! nfv $% xhf/ d]l6s
6g laqmL u/]sf] / $@ xhf/ d]l6s
6g laqmL ug]{ of]hgf u/L ! nfv
&) xhf/ d]l6s 6g a]Rg] ;/sf/L
of]hgf s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8sf]
/x] s f] a' e m\ g ;lsG5 t/ yk
dnsf]nflu tTsfn ^% s/f]8 ah]6sf]
dfu s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8n]
u/]sf] / h;df %) s/f]8 dfq kfPsfn]
afFsL /sd lgsf;f ePkl5 dn ;xh
x'g] ;/f]sf/jfn lgsfosf] egfO 5 .
g]kfn ;/sf/ /f;folgs dndf
s[ifsnfO{ cg'bfg s;/L lbnfpg /
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] tkm{
geO{ s;/L k" j { k| w fgdGqL,
pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqLxsf] cfhLjg
;]jf ;'ljwf lbg ;lsG5 eGg]tkm{
ah]6 s]lGb|t ug{ vf]Hb}5 . s[ifsn]
s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8af6 ;f]em}
/f;folgs dn vl/b ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf gu/L ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfosf]
u}/lhDd]jf/Lkgn] lhNnfsf ;xsf/L
;+ : yf jf egf} + /fhgLlt u/L
sfnf]ahf/L lgDTofpg] rfnfafhL
:jk ltg} lgsfonfO{ lhDd]jf/L
lbPsf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ klg s[ifsxn]
/f;folgs dn gkfPsf] cg'dfg ug{
;lsg5 . csf]t{ km{ /f;folgs dnsf]
ljsNk lbg k| f \ u fl/s dnsf]
sf/vfgf :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o klg uof]
h;cg';f/ $@)) d]= 6g k|f\ufl/s
dn klg jflif{s pTkfbg ug]{ of]hgf
uof] eg] ahf/ d"No k|lt s]hL
@@ lgwf{/0f u/L s[ifsnfO{ = !#
k|lt s]hL cg'bfg lbFbf ( k|lt
s]hL dn kfpg] Joj:yf uof] t/
cfh k|f\ufl/s dndf sldzg /
sfnf]ahf/L sd x'g] 7fgL of] eGbf
/f;folgs dnnfO{ dfq k|fyldstfdf
/fvL s[ifsnfO{ df/df kf/]sf 5g\ .
;/sf/nfO{ c;f/df /f]kfOF x'G5 /
/f]kfOFdf dn rflxG5 eGg] klg yfxf
gePsf ljb]zL dGqL g]kfndf ag]sf
x'g t < csf]t{ km{ s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL
lnld6]8sf lhDd]jf/ kbflwsf/L
ljleGg jQmJodf clxn] v]tLkftL,
ufO{e}+;L kfNg 5f]8L o'jf ljb]z
uPsfn] k| f \ u fl/s dnsf] ;f
/f;folgs dnsf] vkt a9L ePsf] /
To;}n] c;/ u/]sf] eGg] gfhfoh
dgf]u9Gt] ts{ lbG5 . ;/sf/n] tTsfn
lhDd]jf/Laf]w gu/] t/fO{sf] cGge08f/
eGg] zAb sfnf]ahf/Lsf] /f;folgs
dnsf] Jofkf/df kl/0ft x'g] xf] ls <

hfh/sf]6df emf8fkvfnfsf] k|sf]k

;'vt]{ emf8fkvfnfsf] hf]lvddf

/x]sf] hfh/sf]6df o; jif{ klg
o;sf] k|sf]k b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 .
emf8fkvfnfaf6 ;b/d'sfd vn\uf
^ l/;fdf d\unaf/ &# jifL{o
l8nf/fd v8\ s fsf] d[ T o' ePsf]
5 . PSsfl; emf8fafGtf x'g yfn]kl5
;'?df wfdLemfFqmL af]nfP/ emf/km's
ug{lt/ nfu]sf] / cGttM ;~rf]
gePkl5 clGtd cj:yfdf pkrf/sf
nflu lhNNff c:ktfn NofpFb} ubf{
af6f]d} v8\sfsf] d[To' ePsf] :yfgLo
lav{ sfsL{n] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .
;b/d'sfd glhs} eP klg ;dodf
pkrf/ gkfpFbf pgsf] csfndf
Hofg uPsf] xf] . jiff{ ;'? eP;Fu}
lhNnfsf ljleGg If] q df
emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdL b]vfkg{ yfn]sf
5g\ . t/ :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf kof{Kt
dfqfdf cf}iflw / :jf:YosdL{sf] cefj
eg] sfod} /x]sf] 5 .
To;}u/L, aemfsf] l/n' uflj;df
Ps ;ftfb]lv emf8fkvfnf km}lnPsf]
5 . l/n'* ynf ufpF;uF } pQm uflj;
% / ^ df emf8fkvfnfaf6 @$ eGbf

a9L ynf k/]sf 5g\ . emf8fkvfnfsf

sf/0f la/fdL k/]sfdWo] !) hgfsf]
cj:yf uDeL/ /x]sf] :yfgLo s]zj
af]x/fn] atfpg'eof] . pxfFsf cg';f/
cGo kvfnfsf la/fdLsf] cj:yf
;fdfGo eP klg pkrf/ cefjdf
lbg k|ltlbg pgLxsf] cj:yf klg
hl6n aGb} uPsf] 5 . l/n'
pk:jf:Yorf}sLdf Ps dlxgfb]lv
cx]a 5}gg\ . cx]a gePkl5 sfof{no
;xof]uLn] :jf:Yorf}sLdf cfPsf
la/fdLnfO{ hLjghndfq lbg] u/]sf]
:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] atfP . :yfgLo
hgs Gjfnn] eGg' e of]
:jf:Yorf}sLdf lrlsT;s gePkl5
emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdLnfO{ lgsf] kfg{
klg wfdLemfFqmL / j}BnfO{ b]vfpg]
u/] s f 5g\ . o:t} , jiff{ o fd
;'?jft;Fu} 5fgf{, ynf/f, a'un
+ If]qsf
uflj;df klg emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdL
a9]sf 5g\ . tL If]qdf ;dodf g}
pkrf/sf] Joj:yf ug{ g;s]
dxfdf/Lsf kdf km}ng ;Sg] vt/f
a9]sf] / :jR5 vfg]kfgL cefjn]
a;{]lg emf8fkvfnf b]lvg] u/]sf]

;}gk;]nfsf lzIfs lji0f' bf}Tofnn]

atfpg'eof] . lhNnf c:ktfndf klg
Ps ;ftfotf b}lgs cf7b; hgf
emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdL cfpg] u/]sf]
c:ktfnn] hgfPsf] 5 . ;b/d'sfdd}
;~rflnt cld;f lghL c:ktfndf
klg emf8fkvfnfsf la/fdL lbg
k|ltlbg al9/x]sf] ;~rfns u\uf
hf] z Ln] atfpg' e of] . lhNnf
:jf:Yok|d'v lrlsT;s OGb|k|;fb
kf} 8 fnn] oxfF ljleGg 7fpF d f
emf8fkvfnf km}lnPsf] eGg] hfgsf/L
cfPsf] / o;sf nflu cfkm"n] ;a}
:jf:Yo ;+:yfnfO{ cf}iflw pkrf/df
vl6g lgb{ ] z g lbPsf] pNn] v
ug'e{ of] . pxfFn] l/n' uflj;sf afl;Gbf
emf8fkvfnfn] a9L k|efljt /x]sf]
hfgsf/Ldf cfPsfn] To;tkm{
cf}iflw;lxtsf] :jf:YosdL{sf] 6f]nL
k7fpg] tof/L eO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .
lhNnfdf emf8fkvfnfsf nflu kof{Kt
cf}iflw /x]sf] eGb} k|d'v kf}8]nn]
ljleGg ;~rf/dfWoddf emf8fkvfnf
km}lng glbg r]tgfd"ns ;Gb]z
lbO/x]sf] atfpg'eof] .

gof ljdz{ #

cfly{s ultljlw

hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/
cfof]hgf ;f]nv
' D
' a'df
;f]n'v'Da'lhNnfdf pRr kxf8 s[lif Joj;fo tyf hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/
cfof]hgf -lxdfnL_ ;'? ePsf] 5 . s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno kz';j] f ljefu
tyf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] cg'bfg ;xof]udf cfof]hgf ;'? ePsf] xf] .
g]kfnsf pRr kxf8L lhNnfdf s[lifafnL, kz'kfng tyf h8La'6Lsf ljljw
pTkfbgsf] sfd ug]{ s[ifsnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstfdf /fVg] cfof]hgfn] hgfPsf]
5 . cfof]hgfsf] klxnf] k|fyldstf s[lif ;d"x, ;xsf/L, s[lif Joj;foL
;\3;+:yfnufot lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{df pRr kxf8df s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;sf
nflu nufgL /xg]5 . To;}u/L cfof]hgfsf] bf];f| ] k|fyldstfcGtu{t lhNnfl:yt
s[lif ljsf; tyf kz';]jf sfof{no, ;]jf s]Gb|, pks]Gb|, cg';Gwfg s]Gb| tyf
ljsf; kmfd{xsf] k"jf{wf/ tyf Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;nfO{
yk ;xof]u k|bfg ug]5
{ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u
k' ofpg] , g;{ / L :yfkgf, r/g, h8La' 6 L, au} F r f tyf /] G hNofG8
Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{ / s[ifs Joj;foL / k|fljlwssf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf
sfo{qmdnfO{ klg ;f] cfof]hgfn] nufgL ug]5
{ . s[lif Joj;fo ljsf;sf nflu
;/f]sf/jfnf;Fusf] 5nkmn tyf ljleGg lhNnfdf ;~rflnt sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf
cfof]hgf tof/L k|fljlws ;xof]u 6f]nLn] k|fKt u/]sf k[i7kf]if0f tyf ;Nnfxsf
cfwf/df pmg, ofs, lrh, 8]/L, df;', kmnkm"n, tfhf t/sf/L, cfn' aLp,
h8La'6L, jg k}bfj/ / s[lif ko{6g k|fyldstfdf k/]sf j:t'xsf] klg
cfof]hgfsf] k|fyldstfdf kg]{5 . cfof]hgfn] Go"gtd ? @& nfv cf7 xhf/
!@% b]lv clwstd ? b'O{ s/f]8 @@ nfv %) xhf/;Dd cg'bfg k|bfg
ug]{5 . lhNnfleqaf6 ljleGg ;xsf/L tyf s[ifsn] Jofj;flos v]tL tyf
kz'kfngsf nflu k|:tfjgf cfO/x]sf] cfof]hgfsf lhNnf s[lif pBd ljz]if1
lzjhL dxtf]n] atfpg'eof] . g]kfnL sfuh, b"w 8]/L, a]df};dL t/sf/L
v]tL, afv|f, s'v'/f, /]Gaf] 6fp6 df5fkfng, d;nfhGo pBf]u, h8La'6L
k|zf]wg sf/vfgf;DaGwL k|:tfjgf cfPsf] 5 dxtf]n] eGg'eof] . k|fKt
k|:tfjgfnfO{ cfof]hgfsf] Joj:yfkg sfof{no afn'jf6f/ sf7df8f}d
F f k7fpg]
/ pTs[i6 k|:tfjgfnfO{ ls:tfaGbLdf /sd pknAw u/fpg] hfgsf/L klg
dxtf]n] lbg'eof] . cfg} nufgLdf t/sf/L v]tL tyf kmnkm"n / kz'kfng
Joj;fodf bIftf xfl;n u/]sf] eP klg cfly{s cefj e]mln/x]sf s[ifssf
nflu cfof]hgfaf6 /fxt ePsf] ;xsf/L Joj;foL /fO{axfb'/ /fO{n] atfpg'eof] .
xfdLn] s[lif ;xsf/Ldfk{mt w]/} s[ifsnfO{ art ug{] afgL a;fNof}F, t/
s[ifssf] dfu cg';f/sf] C0f eg] pknAw u/fpg ;s]sf lyPgf}F . lxdfnL
cfof]hgfn] pBdL s[ifssf] ;kgf ;fsf/ kf/]sf] 5 /fO{n] eGg'eof] . lhNnfnfO{
;8s oftfoftn] hf]8];Fu} lhNnfleq s[ifsn] cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos kdf
t/sf/L v]tL ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ . emg} lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;f]nv
' D' a'sf
jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t dLgk|;fb a'9fyf]sL pBdL s[ifssf] 3/cfFugd}
uP/ cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos tl/sfaf6 v]tLkftL nufpg'k5{ eGb} s[ifsnfO{
xf};nf k|bfg u/]kl5 oxfFsf s[ifs kl5Nnf] ;dodf s[lif k];ftk{m cfslif{t ePsf
5g\ . lhNnfsf] ljleGg If]qdf uP/ To; If]qsf] ;d:of / s[lifdf ;Defjgfsf]
vf]hL ub}{ s[ifssf aLrdf 5nkmn u/]kl5 s[ifssf] klg cfw'lgs v]tL k|0ffnLtk{m
cfsif{0f a9]sf] jl/i7 s[lif ljsf; clws[t a'9fyf]sLn] atfpg'eof] .

ljjfbn] k'n cnkq

eQmk'/lhNnfsf] ;'8fn uflj; hfg] ;8ssf] k'n lgdf{0fdf ;8s cfof]hgf
/ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLaLr ePsf] ljjfbsf sf/0f !) lbgb]lv ;'8fn uflj;sf
afl;Gbfsf] cfjfudg /f]lsPsf] 5 . eQmk'/sf] sdnljgfosaf6 ;'8fn x'Fb}
Gfu/sf]6 hfg] j}slNks dfu{sf kdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] sdnljgfos, ;'8fn,
eTs]sf]kf6L / r/]nL gu/sf]6 ;8sdf cfof]hgfcGtu{t /x]sf] k'n lgdf{0f
;DkGg eO;s]kl5 ljjfb cfpFbf uflj; hfg] Psdfq k'n cem} ;~rfngdf
gcfPsf] xf] . k'n ;~rfng gx'Fbf :yfgLosf] ;jf/L;fwg nfg g;s]sf],
PDa'n]G;;d]t hfg gkfpFbf la/fdLnfO{ ;dod} c:ktfn nfg g;lsPsf],
:s'n a; hfg g;Sbf ljBfyL{ ljBfno hfg /f]lsPsf] eGb} ;'8fn uflj;sf
afl;Gbfn] tTsfn k'n ;~rfng x'g'kg]{ dfu ub}{ lhNNff k|zf;g sfof{nodf
8]lnu];g uPsf 5g\ . cfof]hgf k|dv
' df]xg rfkfufO+n
{ ] k'n lgdf{0f eP klg
k'ndf k|j]z ug]{ HjfOgdf 7]s]bf/n] cem} klg :Nofa /fv]/ 9nfg gu/L
lbPsfn] k'n ;~rfngdf gcfPsf] atfpg'eof] . lxdb' yf]s/ lgdf{0f ;]jfn]
k'n agfpg] lhDdf lnP klg ;xdlt cg';f/sf] ;a} sfd h]7 !% ut] g}
;DkGg ug'{kg]{ eP klg sfd g;sL lbPsfn] ;d:of cfPsf] pxfFsf] egfO
lyof] . otf 7]sb] f/ sDkgLsf k|ltlglw /fhf/fd cfof]hgfn] ;xdlteGbf a9L
sfd ug{ bafa lbPsf] / sfd ub}{ hfFbf cj/f]w k'ofPsf] atfpg'eof] .
:yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L /fh]Gb|s'df/ s];Ln] eg] tTsfn k'n ;~rfngdf
Nofpg cfkm"n] kxn ug]{ / ;d:ofsf] lgsf; lgsfNg] atfpg'eof] . k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/L lht]Gb|axfb'/ e08f/Ln] k'n /x]sf] :yfgdf g} uP/
jf:tljstfsf] cWoog u/L 7]s]bf/ / cfof]hgfnfO{ tTsfn k'n ;~rfngdf
Nofpg lgb]{zg;d]t lbg'ePsf] 5 . u|fdL0f ;8s k'gM lgdf{0f tyf k'gM
:yfkgf kl/of]hgfcGtu{t Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] ? gf} s/f]8sf] nfutdf
lgdf{0f ;~rfng eO/x]sf] !! lsnf]ld6/ gu/sf]6 hfg] j}slNks ;8s
lgdf{0fcGtu{t ;'8fn uflj; hf]8\g] k'n lgdf{0f ;DkGg ePsf] xf] .

z'Ns j[l4 lkmtf{ ug{k' g]{ dfu

sf7df8f}F, !) ;fpg . g]skfdfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfn k|ultzLn
j}bl] zs dhb'/ ;\3sf] ;lrjfno a}7sn]] j}bl] zs /f]huf/Ldf hfg] dhb'/sf]
:jf:Yo k/LIf0fdf xfn} ul/Psf] z'Ns j[l4sf] eT;{gf ub}{ ;f] lg0f{o lkmtf{
ug{'kg]{ dfu u/]sf] 5 . ;\3sf ;+of]hs eLdk|;fb rfkfufO{+sf] cWoIftfdf
d\unaf/ a;]sf] a}7sn] ljdfg:yn cWofudg ljefu, >d ljefu /
Dofgkfj/df ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfon] k|e
| fjsf/L cg'udg ug's
{ f ;fy}
cfjZos sf/afxL ug{'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}FNofPsf] 5 . ;+of]hs rfkfufO{+n]
j}bl] zs /f]huf/df hfg] g]kfnL >ldsnfO{ 7uL ug]{] bnfn tyf Dofg kfj/lj?4
;zQm ;\3if{ ug]{ lg0f{o a}7sn] u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbFb} :jf:Yo k/LIf0fafkt
lnOg] z'Nsdf ul/Psf] j[l4 tTsfn lkmtf{ lng ;DalGwt lgsfosf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpg] atfpg'eof] . a}7sn] j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] dhb'/nfO{ clgjfo{
sfd;DaGwL tflnd / cled'vLs/0f k|efjsf/L agfpg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
cg'/f]w ug]{ tyf ljdfg:yn cWofudg ljefu / >d ljefudf b]lvPsf]
ljs[lt, lj;\ult tTsfn ;Rofpg / ;lRrg ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ ljz]if
cg'/f]w ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . k|jf;L g]kfnL >ldssf] xs, lxt / ;+/If0fsf
nflu ;zQm kdf ;xof]u ;dy{g ug{ ;Dk"0f{ /fli6o, cGt/f{li6o -hgjuL{o
;\u7g_, jfdkGyL, a'l4hLjL, kqsf/, dfgjclwsf/jfbL tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{
cfu|x ug]{ lg0f{o;d]t a}7sn] u/]sf] hfgsf/L ;+of]hs rfkfufO{n
+ ] lbg'eof] .

gof ljdz{ $

cy{

@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) sf] df}lb|s gLlt

k[ i 7e" l d
1. g]kfn /fi6 a}+s P]g, @)%*
n] lglb{i6 u/] adf]lhd d"No l:y/tf
/ jfXo tyf ljQLo If]q :yfloTj
sfod ug],{ ;j{;fwf/0fdf ljQLo kx'r
F
clej[l4sf nflu ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]
;Dj4{g ug]{ Pjd\ pRr tyf lbuf]
cfly{s j[l4sf] nflu ;xh jftfj/0f
lgdf{0f ug]{ d"ne"t p2]Zo ;lxt
cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) sf] nflu of]

k|ltzt / #=$ k|ltzt /x]sf] lyof] .

5. cl3Nnf] jif{ pkef]Qmf d"No
;"rsfdf cfwfl/t d"No j[l4b/
jflif{s cf}ift (=^ k|ltzt /x]sf]
t'ngfdf cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf]
P3f/ dlxgf;Ddsf] cf};t d"No
j[l4b/ *=) k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 .
6. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df
gub k|jfxdf cfwfl/t s'n ;/sf/L
vr{ !@=( k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=

hg;+Vofn] ;]jf k|fKt u/] sf] b]lvG5 .

11. b'O{ nfv ?k}ofF;Ddsf] a}+s
lgIf]knfO{ ;'/If0f u/fpg] gLltut
Joj:yf cg';f/ !(# a}s
+ tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx? dfkm{ t ?= !($ ca{ lgIf]k
;'/If0f ePsf] 5 . o;af6 s'n
JolQmut lgIf]k /sd dWo] s/La #%
k|ltzt /sdsf] ;'/If0f ePsf] 5 .
df} l b| s l:ylt
12. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( b]lv

df}lb|s gLlt ;fj{ hlgs ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] jflif{s k"0f{ ah]6
;dod} cfpg g;s]sf] ePtfklg
;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj, cfly{s
j[l4, /f]huf/L, ;fdflhs ;'/Iff /
;dfj]zL ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n ug{
lqjifL{o of]hgf nufot ;/sf/n]
cjnDag u/] s f gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL of]
df}lb|s gLlt th'{df ul/Psf] 5 .
2. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df
d'n'ssf] ;du| cfly{s kl/;"rsx?
;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf 5g\ . cfly{s
j[ l 4b/ cl3Nnf @# jif{ x ?sf]
t' n gfdf pRr /xg' s f ;fy}
d'b|f:kmLltb/ sd /x]sf] 5 / ah]6
3f6f jfl~5t ;Ldfleq} /x]sf] 5 .
pRr Jofkf/ 3f6fsf] afjh'b rfn"
vftfdf pNn]Vo art sfod x'g'sf]
;fy} zf]wgfGt/ art P]ltxfl;s
/x]sf]n] ljb]zL d'b|f ;+lrlt a9]sf]
5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
lgIf] k df pNn] V o a[ l 4 ePsf] n ]
t/ntfsf] ;d:ofsf] cGTo ePsf] 5 .
shf{sf Aofhb/x? qmdzM 36\bf]
qmddf /x]sfn] nufgLsf] jftfj/0f
yk cg's"n xF'b} uPsf] 5 .
3. pk/f]Qm ;sf/fTds cfly{s
kl/b[Zosf] afjh'b pTkfbgd"ns
If]qdf cem} ck]lIft ?kdf shf{
lj:tf/ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . Psftkm{
clws dfusf] sf/0f ;[hgf x'g]
d'bf| :kmLlt lgoGq0f ug'k{ g]{] / csf]t{ km{
df}lb|s t/ntfsf] sdLaf6 cfly{s
j[[l4 Pj+ ljQLo If]q :yfloTjdf
k|lts"n k|efj kg{ ;Sg]tkm{ ;d]t
;hu /xL df}lb|s Joj:yfkg ug'{
cfjZos 5 . ljQLo :yfloTjsf nflu
shf{sf] pTkfbs pkof]u, ljQLo kx'r
F
clej[l4, tyf ljQLo ;'zf;gsf
;jfnxnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]t{ km{ klg
df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt pGd'v /xg'
kg]{ ePsf] 5 .
cfGtl/s cfly{ s l:ylt
4. s'n ufx{:y pTkfbg j[l4b/
cfwf/e"t d"Nodf cl3Nnf] jif{ #=*
k| l tzt /x] s f] d f cfly{ s jif{
@)^*^( df $=^ k|ltzt ePsf]
s]Gb|o tYof ljefusf] k|f/lDes
cg'dfg 5 . ;dLIff jif{df s[lif tyf
u}/s[lif If]qsf] j[l4b/ qmdzM $=(
k|ltzt / $=# k|ltzt /x]sf] cg'dfg
5 h'g cl3Nnf] jif{ qmdzM $=%

#)% ca{ (@ s/f]8 k' u]sf] 5 .

cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf pQm
vr{ !@=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]
lyof] . /fh:j kl/rfng @@=@
k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?= @$$ ca{ !%
s/f]8 k'u]sf]] 5 .
7. g]kfnsf] jfXo If]q sf/f]af/df
pNn]Vo ;'wf/ eO{ ?= !!# ca{ @@
s/f]8sf] pRr zf]wgfGt/ art sfod
ePsf] 5 . ut cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwdf ?= ## s/f]8 %^ nfv
zf]wgfGt/ 3f6fdf /x]sf] lyof] . lgof{t
/ ljk|i] f0f cfk|jfxdf pNn]Vo
j[l4 x'gs
' f] ;fy} v"b ;]jf cfo
klg artdf /xL rfn"
vftfdf ?= ^! ca{ %^ s/f]8sf] art
/ k"FhL vftfdf ;d]t cl3Nnf] jif{sf]
t'ngfdf pRr art /x]sf]n] o;
cjlwdf P]ltxfl;s ?kdf pRr
zf]wgfGt/ art sfod x'g ;s]sf]
xf] .
8. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf]
P3f/ dlxgfdf s'n lgof{t !^=#
k| l tztn] / s' n cfoft !^=*
k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . ljut s]xL
jif{otf nuftf/ 3f6fdf /x+ b} cfPsf]
v'b ;]jf cfo cfly{s jif{ @)^*^(
sf] P3f/ dlxgfdf ?= !$ ca{ @#
s/f]8n] art x'g k'us
] f] 5 . ljk|i] f0f
cfo cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf] P3f/
dlxgfdf cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ;f]xL
cjlwsf] !)=! k| l tzt j[ l 4sf] ]
t'ngfdf #(=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 eO{ ?=
#@) ca{ #* s/f]8 k'u]sf] 5 .
9. zf]wgfGt/ art pNn]vgLo
?kdf a9]sf]n] ;f]xL cg'?k ljb]zL
ljlgdo ;+lrltdf ut cfly{s jif{sf]
c;f/ d;fGtsf] ?= @&@ ca{ !%
s/f]8sf] t'ngfdf %^=( k|ltztn] j[l4
eO{ ?= $@& ca{ ! s/f]8 k'u]sf]
5 . ljlgdo ;+lrltsf] ljBdfg
:t/af6 sl/a !! dlxgfsf] j:t'
cfoft / !) dlxgfsf] j:t' tyf
;]jf cfoft wfGg ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf]
5.
10. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{
Ps cfk;df ufleg] k|jl[ t al9/x]sf]n]
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;+Vof
@)^* c;f/ d;fGtsf] @@) af6
@)^( h]7 d;fGtdf @!# sfod ePsf]
5 . a}+s zfvfxsf] lj:tf/ x'Fb}
uPaf6 k|lt a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf
zfvfaf6 cf};tdf sl/a ( xhf/

lj:t[t df}lb|s ;j]I{ f0f tof/ kfg{

yflnPsf] 5 . pQm ;j]{If0f cg';f/,
cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf] klxnf]
P3f/ dlxgf;Dddf lj:t[t d'bf| k|bfo
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf *=%
k|ltztn] dfq a9]sf] t'ngfdf !&=(
k|ltztsf] pRr b/n] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
13. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf]
P3f/ dlxgf;Dddf s'n cfGtl/s
shf{ ^=) k|ltztn] dfq a9]sf] 5 .
t/ cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo ;Dddf
;/sf/sf] vr{ a9\g'sf ;fy} a}ls
If] q af6 lghLIf] q df
k|jfx x'g] shf{df ;d]t
;'wf/ ePsf] cg'dfgsf
cfwf/df cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf
sl/a !)=) k|ltzt k'us
] f] cg'dfg
5.
14. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( sf]
P3f/ dlxgfdf a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfxsf] lgIf]k kl/rfng !*=@
k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 . cl3NNff] jif{sf]
;f]xL cjlwdf lgIf]k kl/rfng *=(
k|ltztn] dfq a9]sf] lyof] . cfly{s
jif{ @)^*^( sf] P3f/ dlxgf;Dddf
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] shf{ tyf
nufgL !$=! k|ltztn] a9]sf] 5 .
cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwdf klg o:tf]
shf{ tyf nufgL !$=! k|ltztn] g}
a9]sf] lyof] .
t/ntf Joj:yfkg
15. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] t/ntf
l:ylt ;'lawfhgs cj:yfdf /x]sf]
5 . o;af6 a} + s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?nfO{ o; a}+ssf] lgb]{zg
cg';f/sf] cfjZos shf{lgIf]k
cg' k ft sfod ug{ / shf{ s f
Aofhb/x? 36fO{ nufgL la:tf/ ug{
cg's"n jftfj/0f ag]sf] 5 .
16. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df
;/sf/L C0fkqsf] v' n f ahf/
sf/f]af/af6 ?= & ca{ ^^ s/f]8sf]
v'b t/ntf k|zf]rg ePsf] 5 .
17. jfl0fHo a}+sxn] d"ntM
cGt/a} + s sf/f] a f/ dfkm{ t
cNksfnLg t/ntf Joj:yfkg ub}{
cfPsf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)^*^(
df jfl0fHo a}+sxn] s'n ?= @!@
ca{ && s/f]8sf] cGt/a}s
+ sf/f]af/
u/]sf 5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @)^*^(
df hDdf ?= % ca{ %& s/f]8 :yfoL
t/ntf ;'ljwf pkof]u ePsf] 5 .

b:tfj]h

18. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df

jfl0fHo a}+sxaf6 cd]l/sL 8n/
# ca{ !( s/f]8 v'b vl/b u/L ?=
@%* ca{ @* s/f] 8 a/fa/sf]
t/ntf k|jfx ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L,
;dLIff jif{df cd]l/sL 8n/ @ ca{
^^ s/f]8 laqmLaf6 ef=?= !## ca{
&@ s/f]8 vl/b u/L ahf/df cfk"lt{
ul/Psf] 5 .
19. cfly{s jif{ @)^*^( df
c;n shf{sf] lwtf]df pTkfbgd"ns
If]qtkm{ shf{ k|jfx a9fpg a}s
+ tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfxnfO{ ?= *^ s/f]8
*^ nfvsf] ;fdfGo k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf
/ hnljB' t kl/of] h gfsf] nflu
k'g/shf{ ;'ljwf cGtu{t ?= ! ca{
@& s/f]8 &! nfv pknAw u/fOPsf]
5.
cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) sf] df}lb|s
gLlt tyf ljQLo If]q sfo{qmd
20. cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) sf]
df}lb|s gLlt th'{df ubf{ /fli6o
cy{tGq / ljQLo If]qsf] jt{dfg
cj:yf, cGt/f{li6o cfly{s kl/b[Zo
tyf ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj Pjd\
cfly{s j[l4sf] nIo xfl;n ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf gLlt tyf
sfo{qmdx?nfO{ Wofgdf /flvPsf] 5 .
s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] df}lb|s tyf ljQLo
:yfloTj sfod ug{ / ljQLo kx"r
F
a9fpg rfNg' kg]{ sbdx?nfO{ ;d]t
s]Gb|laGb"df /fv]/ df}lb|s gLltsf]
sfo{lbzf, nIo, df}lb|s pks/0f /
sfo{qmd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
df} l b| s gLltsf] sfo{ l bzf
21. nlrnf] df}lb|s gLltn] d"Nodf
rfk kfg]{ / sl;nf] gLltn] cfly{s
ultljlwnfO{ ;+sr
' gtkm{ n}hfg] l:ylt
af/]df ;r]t /xL df}lb|s gLltsf] sfo{lbzf
;hu / ;Gt'lnt agfOPsf] 5 .
22. ljQLo If]q :yfloTj clej[l4
ug],{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{
Ps cfk;df ufEgufleg pTk|l] /t
ug]{, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
;+:yfut ;'zf;g / hgljZjf;
clej[l4 ug],{ ;j{;fwf/0fdf ljQLo
kx'r
F clej[l4 ug],{ ljQLo ;fIf/tf
clej[l4 ug]{ / ljkGg ju{df shf{kj| fx
a9fpg]tkm{ df}lb|s gLlt lqmofzLn
/x]sf] 5 .
23. lgof{thGo pBf]ux?nfO{
shf{ ;j{;'ne x'g] jftfj/0f ;[hgf
u/L lgof{t k|f]T;fxg dfkm{t a9\bf]
Aofkf/ 3f6f sd u/L bLuf] ?kdf
jfXo If] q :yfloTj sfod ug] {
lbzftkm{ df}lb|s gLltnfO{ pGd'v
ul/Psf] 5 .
24. ;6xL ;' l awf nufot
ljb]zL ljlgdo ;DaGwL gLltut
Aoj:Yffx?df ;xhLs/0f ul/g'sf] ;fy}
ljb]zL d'bf| art k|fT] ;flxt ug{ o;sf]
pkof]udf ;d]t ;'ljwf yk ul/Psf]
5.
25. shf{ d f cfwf/e" t b/
(Base Rate) sfod ug] { /
cNksfnLg d'b|f ahf/sf b/x?nfO{
lglZrt kl/lw (Band) df /fVg
Aofhb/ sf]l/8f]/ gLlt -Interest
Rate Corridor Policy_
qmdzM nfu" ug]{tkm{ k|s[of cl3
a9fOg] 5 .
26. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
pTkfbgzLn shf{ la:tf/ u/fpg
;fdfGo df}lb|s pks/0fx?sf] cltl/Qm
k'g/shf{ Joj:yf / If]qut shf{
;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ kl/dflh{ t
ul/Psf] 5 .
cfly{ s tyf df} l b| s nIo
27. cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) df
ljQLo :yfloTj k| j w{ g ub} {
d'bf| :kmLltnfO{ &=% k|ltztdf ;Lldt
ug]{ / slDtdf * dlxgfsf] a:t' tyf
;]jfsf] cfoft wfGg kof{Kt x'g] u/L
ljb]zL d'bf| ;+lrlt sfod ug{] df}lb|s
gLltsf] nIo /x]sf] 5 .
28. cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) df
%=% k|ltzt;Ddsf] cfly{s j[l4b/
xfl;n ug{ cfjZos shf{ k|jfx
;'lglZrt x'g] Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
29. cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) df
lj:t[t d'bf| k|bfo !%=) k|ltztn],
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo If]qaf6 lghL If]qdf
k|jfx x' g] shf{ !^=) k|ltztn] /
;/sf/tkm{ k|jfx x'g] shf{ !%=*

k|ltzt, a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
s'n lgIf]k kl/rfng !%=! k|ltztn]
j[l4 x'g] k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5 .
30. l:y/ ljlgdob/ k|0ffnLnfO{
sfod /fVg] ljifonfO{ df}lb|s gLltsf]
cGtl/d nIo (Intermediate
Target) sf] ?kdf lnO{Psf] 5 .
31. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
clws t/ntfsf ;fy} a}s
+ tyf ljQLo
;+ :yfx?af6 lghL If]qdf k|jfx x'g]
shf{nfO{ df}lb|s gLltsf] sfof{Gjog
nIosf] ?kdf clsf/ ul/Psf] 5 .
32. pkef]Qmf d"No ;"rLnfO{ a9L
oyfy{k/s agfpgsf] nflu k|of]u
ul/g] ef/ cBfjlws ug{ kfFrf}+
kfl/jfl/s ah]6 ;j]{If0f cGtu{t
:ynut ;j] { I f0f sfo{ ;DkGg
ul/g]5 .
df} l b| s gLltsf] ;+ r fng
pks/0f
33. v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/nfO{
df}lb|s gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] k|d'v
pks/0fsf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/g] 5 .
34. a}+sb/n] d'b|f ahf/sf]
k|efjsf/L pks/0fsf] ?kdf sfd ug{
;sf];\ eGg] clek|fon] a}+sb/sf]
k| o f] h g ;d] t v' n fO{ o;nfO{
k'g/kl/eflift ul/Psf] 5 . h;
cg';f/ clGtd C0fbftf ;'ljwf tyf
;'/If0fkqx?sf] l8:sfp06 ug]{ h:tf
k|of]hgsf] nflu a}+s b/ (Bank
Rate) nfu" ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf]
5 . of] b/ xfnnfO{ * k|ltzt sfod
ul/Psf] 5 . a}+sn] pknAw u/fpg]
:yfoL t/ntf ;'ljwf klg a}+s b/d}
pknAw u/fpg] gofF Aoj:yf ul/Psf]
5.
35. c;n shf{sf] lwtf]df a}+s
tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxnfO{ pknAw
u/fOg] k'g/shf{sf] nflu xfn s[lif /
hnljB'tsf] nflu k'g/shf{b/ ^=%
k|ltzt / tf]lsPsf cGo pTkbgzLn
If]qsf] nflu &=) k|ltzt /x]sf]df
ljBdfg b/nfO{ 36fO{ ^=) sfod
ul/g] 5 . ;fy}, kz'k+IfL tyf dT:o
kfng Joj;fosf nflu a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 k|jfx x'g] shf{sf
nflu ;d]t ^=) k|ltzt Aofhb/df
k'g/shf{ k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ul/g]
5 . o:tf] k'g/shf{ cGtu{t k|bfg
ul/g] shf{df u|fxsaf6 (=) k|ltzt
eGbf a9L Aofh c;'n ug{ gkfOg]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
36. U0f pBf]u, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf
pBf] u , lgof{ t d" n s Joj:ffo /
j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu tf]lsPsf
ju{ d f k| j fx ul/g] ljz] i f
k'g/shf{b/x?nfO{ !=% k|ltztdf
oyfjt sfod ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf]
;'ljwfsf] pkof]u clej[l4 u/fpg]
p2]Zon]] k|lqmofut ;/nLs/0f ug's
{ f]
;fy} dlxnf tyf tf]lsPsf] ju{ jf
;d'bfof/f ;+rflnt ;fgf Joj;fodf
;d]t ljz]if k'g/shf{sf] ;'ljwf
pkof]u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
5 . of] ;'ljwf pkof]u ubf{ jfl0fHo
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;DalGwt
u|fxsaf6 $=% k|ltzteGbf a9L
Aofh lng gkfpg] Joj:yf oyfjt
sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
37. ljb]zL d'bf| df pknAw u/fOg]
lgof{t k'g/shf{sf] Aofhb/ k|rlnt
nfOjf]/ b/ (Libor Rate) df
)=@% k|ltzt laGb' yk u/L lgwf{/0f
ug] { Aoj:yfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lb+ b }
k'g/shf{ pknAw u/fpg] Aoj:yfnfO{
;/nLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
38. ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] clws
t/ntfsf] l:yltnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL
rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] cGTo;Dddf
jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf; a+}s / ljQ
sDkgLx?n] ljkGg ju{ shf cg'kft
qmdzM $=) k|ltzt, #=% k|ltzt /
#=) k|ltzt k'ofpg' kg]{ Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
39. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]
/fVg'kg]{ clgjfo{ gub df}Hbft xfn
%=) k|ltzt /x]sf]df ;f] clgjfo{
gub df}HbftnfO{ s ju{sf] nflu
^=) k|ltzt, v ju{sf] nflu %=%
k|ltzt / u ju{sf] nflu %=)
k|ltzt sfod ul/Psf] 5 .
40. j}wflgs t/ntf cg'kft
;DaGwL ljBdfg Joj:yfnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5 . t/ntf

cg' u dg tyf k| I f] k 0f ;+ / rgf
(Liquidity Monitoring and
Forecasting Framework)

df jfl0fHo a}s
+ x?sf] cltl/Qm ljsf;
a}+s / ljQ sDkgLx?sf] lgIf]knfO{
;d] t ;dfj] z u/L t/ntfsf]
cg'udg tyf k|If]k0f ul/g] 5 .
41. l/kf] / l/e;{ l/kf]
af]nsaf]nsf] clwstd cjlwnfO{ @*
lbg sfod ul/g'sf ;fy} Jffl0fHo a}s
+ ,
ljsf; a}+s / ljQ sDkgLx?aLrsf]
cGt/a}s
+ sf/f]af/ (Interbank
Transaction) sf] cjlw a9Ldf
& lbg dfq sfod x'g] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 .
ljQLo If]q ;'wf/, lgodg tyf
;'kl/j]If0f
42. cfly{s jif{ @)%*%( b]lv
;+rfng x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] ljQLo If]q
;' w f/af6
xfl;n
ePsf
pknAwLx?nfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ ljQLo
If]qsf] yk ;'wf/sf sfo{qmdx?nfO{
cl3 a9fOg] 5 . o;} qmddf -s_
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] k"h
F L
;'b[9 ug]{, -v_ a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+ : yfxsf] ;] j f lj:tf/ u/L
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ljQLo ;]jfdf kx'r
F
clea[l4 ug],{ -u_ hf]lvddf cfwfl/t
;'kl/j]If0f k4lt nfu" ug],{ -3_ ;"rgf
k| l jlwdf cfwfl/t ljQLo
sf/f] j f/xsf] lgodg tyf
;'kl/j]If0fsf] nflu k|efjsf/L Joj:yf
ug],{ -_ ljQLo If]q :yfloTjsf] nflu
a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf cltl/Qm
ljQLo If] q sf cGo lgofds
lgsfox;Fu cfjZos ;dGjo ug],{
-r_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf]
;+:yfut ;'zf;g clea[l4 ug],{ -5_
a}s
+ / / pBdLJoj;foLaLr leGgtf
sfod ug]{, -h_ ljQLo If]q;Fu
;DalGwt P]g lgodx / Ohfht
k|0ffnLnfO{ ;do ;fk]If agfpg] tyf
ljQLo sf/f]jf/nfO{ kf/bzL{
t' N ofpg
Financial
Intelligence ;'b9[ ug]{ / -em_
ljQLo cg' z f;g alnof] kfg] {
nufotsf sfo{ cl3 a9fOg] 5 .
43. cy{tGqdf xfn kof{Kt
t/ntf /x] s f] ;Gbe{ d f o;nfO{
pTkfbgzLnkdf pkof]u x'g] cj:f/
;[hgf ug{ -s_ shf{ lgIf]k cg'kft
nufot ;dli6ut ljj]szLn lgodg
(Macro
Prudential
Regulations) sf pkfoxdf
cfjZos ;dfof] h g ug] { , -v_
cNksfnLg t/ntfnfO{ bL3{sfnLg
pks/0fxdfk{mt k|zf]rg u/L /fli6o
k|fyldstfsf If]qdf nufgL clea[l4
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/, cGt/f{li6o lgsfo
/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx;Fu
cfjZos ;dGjo u/L :jb]zL d'bf| df
bL3{sfnLg a08 lgisfzgsf] nflu
;xhLs/0f ug's
{ f ;fy} a08sf] bf];f| ]
ahf/ ljsf;sf] nflu kxn ug]{ / u_ shf{ nufgLsf] Jofhb/nfO{ pko'Qm
:t/df /fVg cfwf/Jofhb/ (Base
Rate) cjwf/0ffsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{
Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
44. gofF jfl0fHo a}+s, ljsf;
a} + s / ljQ sDkgLx? vf] N g
Ohfhtkq lbg] sfo{sf]] :yugnfO{
oyfjt sfod /flvPsf] 5 . t/ s[lif,
phf{, ef}lts k"jf{wf/ h:tf /fli6o
k|fyldstfsf If]qdf ;xof]u k'ofpg]
ljz]if k|sl[ tsf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf
eg] of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
45. ljQLo kx'r
F Go"g /x]sf
If]qx?df 3 ju{sf] ljQLo ;+:yf
vf]Ng ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .
;fy}, ;a} k|sf/sf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
u|fdL0f If]qdf kx'Fr clej[l4 ug{
;+rfng vr{ sd x'g] df]afOn a+l} s
tyf zfvf/lxt a}ls nufotsf
cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf a}ls ;]jfnfO{
k|f]T;flxt ul/g] 5 .
46. :jb]zL a}s
+ nfO{ ljb]zdf
zfvf vf]Ng / ljb]zL a}+sx?nfO{
b]zleq zfvf vf]Ng lbg] ;DaGwdf
ljBdfg gLlt lgb]z
{ gx?df cfjZos
k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5 .
47 . ljQLo ;+ : yfx?sf]
pkl:ylt sd /x]sf lhNNff tf]sL
afFsL k[i7 % df

gof ljdz{ %

@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) sf] =====

To:tf lhNnfx?df dfq z" G o

Aofhb/df lglZrt /sd ;fk6L
pknAw u/fpg] Aoj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
48. Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ljkGg ju{df shf{
k| jfx ug{sf] nflu ljQLo ;]jf gk'us
] f
tf]lsPsf ef}uf]lns If]qdf dfq
;xfos sDkgL vf]Ng kfpg] Aoj:yf
ul/g] 5 .
49. a+s
} tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
k"FhLsf] cfwf/ a9fO{ ljQLo Ifdtf
clej[l4 ug{] p2]Zo cg'?k a}s
+ tyf
ljQLo ;+:yfx? Ps cfk;df ufEg]
/ ufleg] sfo{nfO{ pTk|l] /t ul/g] 5 .
o;sf ;fy} a} + s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?sf] ;DklQ bfloTj v/Lb
(Acquisition) ;DaGwL gLltut
Joj:yf ug{ cfjZos sfo{ cl3
a9fO{g] 5 .
50. u|fdL0f ljsf; a}+sx?sf]
Pscfk;df ufleg]ufEg] k|lqmof
;DkGg ul/g] 5 .
51. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{
shf{ nufgLdf kf/bzL{ agfpg tyf
df}lb|s gLltsf] k|;f/0f ;+oGqnfO{
dha't agfO{ o;sf] k|efjsfl/tf
clej[l4 ug{ shf{sf] cfwf/Aofhb/
(Base rate) lgoldt ?kdf
k|sfzg ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
52. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
shf{ tyf lgIf] k x?sf] Aofhb/
cGt/nfO{ lgoldt cg'udg ub}{ o:tf]
cGt/ jfl~5t :t/ eGbf a9L ePdf
;'wf/sf] nflu cfjZos sbd rflng]
5.
53. hg;fwf/0fdf ljQLo
;fIf/tf clej[l4 u/L ;dfj]zLs/0f,
;'zf;g / ;Gt'lnt ljsf; xfl;n
ug{ ljleGg hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd
;+rfng ug's
{ f ;fy} /fli6o ljQLo
;fIf/tf gLlt (National
Financial
Literacy
Policy) th'{df ul/g] 5 .
54. ljQLo If]qsf] efjL lbzf
;DaGwdf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
;fd"lxs ;f]r (Vision) cleJoQm
x'g] u/L ;dfj]zL ljQLo k|0ffnLsf]
ljsf; ug{ ljQLo If]q ljsf; /0fgLlt
(Financial
Sector
Development Strategy)
tof/ ul/g] 5 .
55. g]kfn /fi6 a}s
+ P]g, @)%*
;+zf]wgsf] nflu cfjZos d:of}bf
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ul/g] 5 .
tfTsfnLg ;+;bdf k] z ul/Psf] a}s
+
tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^#
sf] ;+zf]wg d:of}bf
kfl/t u/L sfg"gL?kdf Nofpgsf
nflu cfjZos kxn ul/g] 5 .
56. cfly{s jif{ @)^(&) leq
?= # nfv;Ddsf] lgIf]k ;'/If0f ug{]
Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
57. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n]
pTkfbgzLn If]qtkm{ cf} ;t shf{
nufgL @) k|ltzt k'ofpg] u/L k]z
u/]sf] sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{
k|efjsf/L cg'udg ul/g] 5 .
58 . a} + s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?nfO{ pTkfbgzLn If]qdf shf{
k|jfx a9fpg s[lif If]qsf] kl/efiffdf
s[ l if cf} h f/, dn, aLpljhg,
kz'k+IfLbfgf, l;+rfO{ tyf s[lif
pTkfbg e08f/0f / tf]lsPsf] s[lif
pkh k|zf]wgnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g]
Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 .
59. a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn]
tf]lsPsf] shf{ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{
g] k fn ;/sf/ jf cGt/f{ l i6 o
lgsfoaf6 tLg jif{ jf ;f] eGbf a9L
cjlwsf] C0f lnO{ shf{ k|jfx u/]sf]
eP ;f] a/fa/sf] C0f /sd ;|f]t
kl/rfngdf u0fgf ug{ ;Sg] Aoj:yf
ul/g] 5 .
60. ;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf
sfo{qmdx?;Fu tfnd]n x'gu] /L ;fgf
tyf demf}nf pBf]ux? (SMEs) sf]
nflu cfjZos kg] { shf{
;j{;n
' e?kdf pknAw x'g] Joj:yf
ldnfOg] 5 .
61. ax'a+l} s sf/f]af/df lglxt
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ kfl/kf;'
nufot ax' a} + l s shf{ ;" r gf
Aoj:yfnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg
cfjZos lgodg Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
62. ljBdfg lg/LIf0f tyf
;'kl/j]If0f k4ltnfO{ qmdzM hf]lvddf
cfwfl/t ;'kl/j]If0f k4lttkm{ pGd'v

u/fpgsf] nflu lg/LIf0f tyf

;' k l/j] I f0f ;DaGwL lgb] { z g,
ljlgodfjnL Pj+ lbUbz{ g x?df
cfjZos kl/dfh{g ul/g] 5 .
63. hf]lvd Joj:yfkg, ;+:yfut
;'zf;g, sf/f]af/sf] cGt/:fDaGw Pjd\
3/hUufdf k|jflxt shf{sf] cfwf/df
slDtdf @) a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yf 5gf}6
u/L cGj] i f0ffTds ;dLIff
(Diagnostic Review) ul/g] 5 .
64. xfn;Dd k" F h Lsf] i fsf]
cfwf/df zL3| ;'wf/fTds sf/jfxL
(PCA) ug]{ Joj:yf /lxcfPsf]df
rfn" cfly{ s jif{ b ] l v t/ntf
(Liquidity) / lgis[o ;Dklt
(Non-performing
Assests) ;d]tsf] cfwf/df zL3|
;'wf/fTds sf/jfxL (PCA) ug]{
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
65. b'O{ ca{ ?k}ofFeGbf a9L
lgIf]k kl/rfng ug]{ a}s
+ tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx? :jo+n] o; a}+sn] tof/
kf/] s f] bjfj kl/If0f dfu{ b z{ g
(Stress
Testing
Guidelines) cg' ; f/ bjfj
k/LIf0f (Stress Testing) u/L
o; a}s
+ df lgoldt ?kdf k]z ug'{
kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
66. lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0fdf
cu|b[li6 (Forward Looking
Approach) ckgfpg] l;nl;nfdf
t/ntf cg' u dg ;+ r /gf
(Liquidity Monitoring
Framework) xfn kl/If0fsf]
qmddf /x]sf]df pQm ;+/rgfnfO{
kl/dfh{g ;lxt nfu" ul/g] 5 .
67. ;"rgf k|ljlw dfu{bz{g
( I n f o r m a t i o n
Technology Guidelines)
nfu" ug'{sf ;fy}, a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?n] clgjfo{ ?kdf cfcfgf]
System Audit ug'{ kg]{ Aoj:yf
ul/g] 5 .
68. :Yfnut (On-site)
lg/LIf0fsf] l;nl;nfdf 7" n f
C0fLx?sf] lwtf] tyf kl/of]hgfsf]
:ynut lg/LIf0f u/L ;DklQsf]
u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ ;d]t
k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .
69. n3'ljQ ;DaGwL sf/f]af/
ug]{ a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ hf/L
ul/Psf lgb]{zgx?df ;d;fdlos
kl/dfh{g ub}{ ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
;'b[9Ls/0f Pj+ :yfloTjsf] ;fy}
;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] xslxt ;+/If0f
;d]t ;'lglZrt x'g] Joj:yf
ul/g] 5 .
70. n3'ljQ ljsf;
a}s
+ x?sf] :ynut lg/LIf0f Pjd\ u}/
:ynut ;' k l/j] I f0f sfo{ n fO{
Jojl:yt, k|efjsf/L / lgoldt
agfpg cnUu} PsLs[t lgb]{lzsf
tof/ u/L hf/L ul/g] 5 .
71. ljQLo dWo:ytfsf] sf/f]af/
ug]{ Ohfht kfPsf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfx?sf] nflu lg/LIf0f lgb]{lzsf
tof/ u/L hf/L ug] { Joj:yf
ldnfOg'sf ;fy} Ohfhtkqk|fKt
;xsf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ hf/L ul/Psf]
lgb] { l zsf, @)%( nfO{ ;d] t
cBfjlws ul/g] 5 .
72. ljQLo If]qsf] cj:yf /
r'gf}ltaf/] lgoldt cWoog ug]{
p2] Z on] ljQLo :yfloTj OsfO
(Financial Stability Unit)
u7g ul/g'sf ;fy} ljQLo :yfloTj
k|ltj]bg (Financial Stability
Report) k|sfzg ug]{ Joj:yf
ldnfOg] 5 .
73. ljQLo ;'zf;g / kf/blz{tf
clej[l4 ug{ ljQLo hfgsf/L sfo{nfO{
;'b[9 ul/g'sf ;fy} ljQLo ck/fwsf]
klxrfg ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpFb} nlug] 5 .
74 . a} + s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?af6 lglZrt /sd eGbf
a9Lsf] shf{ lng] C0fLx?n] clgjfo{
?kn] :yfoL n]vf g+= (PAN) k]z
ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
75. ;kmf gf]6 gLlt nfO{
lg/Gt/tf lb+b} o; sfo{nfO{ cem Jojl:yt
agfpg gf]6 5gf}6 -Note Sorting)
dfkb08 agfO{ nfu" ul/g] 5 .
76. e' Q mfgL k| 0 ffnLnfO{
;/nLs/0f ug'{sf ;fy} ;'Aojl:yt
t'NofO{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
gf]6 sf]ifdf kx'r
F / ;'ljwfdf la:tf/

ub}{ nlug] 5 .
ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg
77. jfl0fHo a}+sx?n] cfgf]
Ph]G;L a}+sx?df /x]sf] df}Hbftaf6
cfkm\gf] b}lgs t/ntfdf k|lts"n c;/
gkg]{ u/L df}Hbftdf /x]sf] /sdsf]
a9Ldf #) k| l tzt;Dd @ jif] {
cjlw;Ddsf] sn l8kf] l h6,
;l6{l{ kms]6 ckm l8kf]lh6 jf o:t}
cGo Go" g hf] l vd ePsf
pks/0fx?df nufgL ug{ ;Sg]
Joj:yf ldnfO{g] 5 .
78. s'g} kmd{ jf sDkgLn]
kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'bf| df j:t' tyf ;]jf
cfoft -lnh ;d]t_ ug{sf nflu
cflZ+fs jf k"/} /sd clu|d e'QmfgL
k7fpg'kg]{ ePdf ;f] /sd a/fa/sf]
ljb]zL a}s
+ Uof/]06Lsf cfwf/df To:tf]
;6xL ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ Aoj:yf
ldnfO{g] 5 .
79. kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'bf| cfh{g
ug]{ lgof{t Joj;foLx?nfO{ jfl0fHo
a} + s x?af6 k| b fg ePsf]
Preshipment tyf Postshipment shf{sf] C0f k|bfg
ePsf] lbgdf g} ;DalGwt jfl0fHo
a}+snfO{ k'g/shf{ pknJw u/fpg]
Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
80. lgof{tstf{nfO{ ljb]zL
d' b | f df k| b fg ug] { ] Preshipment shf{ cfoftstf{ /
lgof{tstf{aLr ePsf] vl/blaqmL
;Demf} t f ;DaGwL sfuhftsf
cfwf/df klg pknJw u/fpg] Joa:yf
ul/g] 5 .
81. ef/t afx] s t] > f]
d' n ' s x?af6 8 f km\ 6 6L=6L=sf]
dfWodaf6 j:t' cfoft ubf{
Psk6sdf a9Ldf cd]l/sL 8n/ @%
xhf/ a/fa/;Dddfq e'QmfgL lbg
kfOg] Joj:yf /x]sf]df ;f] ;LdfnfO{
j[l4 u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ #) xhf/
sfod ul/g] 5 .
82. ljleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu
JolQm tyf ;+ 3 ;+ : yfx?nfO{
tf]lsPsf sfuhftx?sf] cfwf/df
ljb] z L d' b | f sf] sf/f] a f/ ug{
Ohfhtkqk|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo
;+ : yfx?af6 cd] l /sL 8n/ ^
xhf/;Ddsf] ;6xL ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf
/x]sf]df o:tf] ;6xL ;'ljwfsf] ;Ldf
j[l4 u/L cd]l/sL 8n/ !) xhf/
k'ofOg] 5 .
83. kl/jTo{ ljb]zL d'bf| e'QmfgL
u/L ef/taf6 cfoft ug{ ;lsg]
j:t' x ?sf] ;" r Ldf
cf}lrTotfsf cfwf/df
yk j:t'x? ;dfj]z ub}{
nlug] 5 .
84. ef/tLo pBf]uaf6 ljb]zL
d'b|f e'QmfgL u/L cf}Bf]lus sRrf
kbfy{ cfoft ubf{ sRrf kbfy{
pTkfbssf] Psn cflwsfl/s k|ltlglw
-Sole Agent) dfkm{t ;fdfg
cfoft ug{ ;d]t ljb]zL d'bf| e'QmfgL
lbg ;lsg] Joa:yf ul/g] 5 .
85. ef/taf6 ;fdfg cfoft
ubf{ 9' jfgL vr{ jfktsf] ;6xL
;'ljwf gub ef/tLo ?k}ofFdf pknAw
u/fpg] ljBdfg gLltut Joj:yfdf
;/nLs/0f ul/g] 5 .
86. lghL tyf cf} k rfl/s
tj/n] ljb]z e|d0fdf -ef/t afx]s_
hfg] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ Ps cfly{s
jif{df b'O{ k6s;Dd dfq /fxbfgL
afkt ;6xL ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf
/x]sf]df k|lt k6s cd]l/sL 8n/ @
xhf/ % ;o;Dd ;6xL ;'ljwf lbg]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . t/ ljb]zdf
Joj;fo k|j4{g, Jofkf/ d]nf / Jofkf/
uf]i7Ldf hfg] g]kfnL gful/snfO{
/fxbfgL jfkt k|lt k6s cd]l/sL
8n/ % xhf/;Ddsf] ;6xL ;'ljwf
k|df0fsf cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{ Aoj:yf
ldnfOg] 5 .
87. ljb]zL d'bf| df vftf ePsf
g]kfnL gful/sn] cfkm\gf] vftfdf /x]sf]
ljb]zL d'bf| df}Hbftaf6 k|ltjif{ a9Ldf
cd]l/sL 8n/ % xhf/;Dd cf}lrTosf]
cfwf/df ljb]zL d'bf| df g} pkof]u ug{
kfpg] Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
88. s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn]
ljb]zL d'bf| df pkxf/ jf bfgbftJo
k|fKt u/]df To:tf] d'b|fsf] ;|f]t /
ljj/0f v'nfO{ ljb]zL d'b|fdf vftf
vf]Ng ;lsg] Joa:yf ul/g] 5 .
89. ljb]zLn] g]kfndf /x+bf

b:tfj]h

vf] n ] s f] ljb] z L d' b | f sf] vftf

;~rfngnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfx]df
lghsf] JolQmut ljj/0f cBfjlws
u/L pQm vftf ;~rfng ug{ lbO{g]
Joa:yf ul/g] 5 .
90. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;DalGwt
lgsfo / o; a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{
k|fKt ePsf] j}bl] zs nufgLsf] ljj/0f
o; a}s
+ ;dIf sDtLdf cw{jflif{s
?kdf a'emfpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
;fy}, g]kfnL ;+:yfx?n] ljb]zdf ug{]
k|ToIf j}bl] zs nufgL] ;DaGwL gLlt
cf}lrTotfsf] cfwf/df cl3 a9fOg] 5 .
91. ljk| ] i f0f / dlgr] ~ h/
sf/f]af/ ug]{ sDkgLx?sf] cg'udg
tyf lg/LIf0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg cg' u dg tyf lg/LIf0f
lgb]{lzsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/g] 5 .
92. ef/t, blIf0f sf] l /of
nufotsf d'n'sx?af6 k|fKt x' g]
ljk| ] i f0fnfO{ cem a9L dfqfdf
cf}krfl/s dfWodaf6 cfpg] Joj:yf
ug{sf] nflu To:tf d'ns
' x?df g]kfnL
a}s
+ sf zfvfk|ltlglw sfof{no vf]Ng
k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5 .
n3'ljQ tyf ljQLo kx'Fr
93. ;d"xdf cfj4 ePsf C0fL
;b:ox?nfO{ a} + s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfx?dfkm{t n3'Joj:ffo ;~rfng
ug{ ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf k|bfg ul/g]
shf{sf] ;Ldf qmdzM j[l4 u/L k|lt
;d" x ;b:o ?= ! nfv;Dd /
:jLsf/of]Uo lwtf]df k|bfg ul/g]
shf{ s f] xsdf ?= # nfv;Dd
n3'shf{ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf
ul/g] 5 .
94. ljb] z df /f] h uf/L jf
cWoog u/L kms] { s f o' j fx?n]
;~rfng ug]{ pBf]uJoj;fodf
k'g/shf{ pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf
ldnfOg] 5 .
95. u|fdL0f shf{ ;j]{If0fsf]
:ynut sfo{ (Field work)
;DkGg ul/g] 5 .
96. ljQLo ;]jfsf] kx'r
F sd
ePsf ( lhNnfdf sfo{If]q sfod
x'g] u/L :yfkgf x'g] 3 ju{sf
n3' l jQ ljQLo ;+ : yfx?nfO{
;j{;fwf/0faf6 k|fylds k"FhLsf] %
u'0ff;Dd lgIf]k ;+sng ug{ kfpg]
gLltut Joj:yf ul/g] 5 .
97. u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]ifsf]
k"0f{ ?kdf kl/rfng ug{ / lk5l8Psf
u|fdL0f If]qdf /x]sf ;xsf/L / u}/
;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ cem a9L ;+nUg
u/fpg nufgL k| l qmofdf /x] s f
sl7gfO{x? x6fO{ ;/nLs[t ub}{ nlug]
5.
98. /fli6o n3'ljQ ljsf; sf]if
;DaGwL P]g nfu" eP kZrft :jfoQ
n3'ljQ sf]if :yfkgf ug]{ sfo{ cl3
a9fOg] 5 .
cGTodf
99. ;dli6ut cfly{ s
kl/;"rsx? ;s/fTds lbzftkm{
pGd"v x'b+ } uP klg cfly{s / ljQLo
If] q :yfloTj sfod ug] { sfo{
r'gf}ltk"0f{ /x]sf] 5 . kl5Nnf] ;dodf
d"Nodf rfk kg{ yfn]sf], a}s
+ tyf
ljQLo ;+ : yfx?df t/ntf
k|r'/dfqfdf /x+bf/x+b} klg pTkfbg
If]qdf ck]lIft?kdf shf{ la:tf/ x'g
g;s]sf], a}s
+ tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf]
7"nf] nufgL /x]sf] 3/hUuf Joj;fo
tyf z]o/ ahf/n] ck]lIft ult lng
g;s]sf] / ljQLo If]q :yfloTj Pjd\
ljQLo kx'r
+ clej[l4 ug{ a}s
+ tyf
ljQLo ;+ : yfx?sf] ;' z f;g /
;+/rgfTds ;'wf/df yk kxn ug'{
cfjZos /x] s f] k[ i 7e" l ddf
sfof{Gjogdf NofOg] of] df}lb|s gLltn]
pk/f]Qm r'gf}tLx ;dfwfg u/L
d'bf| :kmLlt lgoGq0f ug{ tyf jfXo
If]q :yfloTj sfod ug{ ;3fp k'Ug],
ljQLo :yfloTj k| j 4{ g x' g ] ,
;j{;fwf/0fdf a}l+ s kx'r
F clej[l4
x'g] / ;du|df nlIft cfly{s j[lb/
xfl;n ug{df ;xof]u k'Ug] ljZjf;
ul/Psf] 5 .
100. of] df} l b| s gLltsf]
th'{dfdf ;xof]u k'ofpg] g]kfn
;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfo, ljQLo
;+:yfx, ljleGg Jofj;flos ;+3
;+:yfx, ljt\ju{, bft[ lgsfo
nufot ;a}nfO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+s
wGojfb lbg rfxG5 . o;df ;dfj]z
ePsf gLltut Joj:yf tyf
sfo{qmdxsf] sfof{Gjogdf oxfFx
;a}sf] ;bfem} ;xof]u ldNg] ljZjf;
a}+sn] lnPsf] 5 .

km];a'saf6

w/fgl:yt lbNnL klAns :s'nsf] ljBfyL{ ;jf/ a;df ljBfyL{ cf]/fn]/

ljBfyL{n] b]Vg] u/L / ltgLx? ljBfyL{ cft+lst / eolet x'g]u/L ul/Psf]
cfuhgLnfO{ s'g} klg ?kdf /fd|f] / ;Eo dfGg ;ls+b}g, ljBfnol;t l/;
eP t ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{ kf] bafa lbg'kg{], To;df klg h'g ljBfyL{
;+u7gn] pQm 36gf u/]sf] xf] Tolx ljBfyL{ ;+u7g s]lx lbg klxn];Dd
p;sf] dfp kfl6{ dfcf]jfbLs} dGqL To:tf] ljBfno x]g{] dGqfnosf dGqL
lyP / cfh klg 5g\ . s:tf] la8Djgf, ljBfyL{x? t kl/jt{g sf
;+jfxs x'g / plgx?n] /rgfTds / ;[hgfTds sfd t ug{'j5{ /
bafad'ns sfo{qmd klg ug{' g} k5{ t/ tf]8kmf]8 / cfuhgL xf]Og
xf]nf . o:tf] 36gfn] w]/}nfO{ b'Mv nfUof] xf]nf dnfO{ klg cToGt b'MvL
t'NofPsf]5, ;fy} ;/sf/L lgsfon] klg tTsfn ljBfnox? Jojl:yt ug{]
gLltx? Nofpg ;sf];\ .

;'ke
| ft e08f/L
ltd|f] w}o{tfsf] afFw 6'6fpg vf]Hof xf]Og ;fg' .
ltd|f] cfFvfdf d"n km'6fpg vf]Hof xf]Og ;fg' .
kl/l:ylt k|lts'n xF'bf ;Dxflng ufx|f] x'g] /}5 .
6fl9g ltd|f] sdhf]/L h'6fpg vf]Hof xf]Og ;fg' .
dfofdf ljZjf;n] lhT5 ;w}+ eGy]p xf]Og ltdL .
3ft u/L ltd|f] xft 5'6fpg vf]Hof xf]Og ;fg' .
ltd|f] cfsf+Iffsf] kxf8 r'lnb} hfbf ljjz 5' d .
ltdLn] lbPsf] v';L n'6fpg vf]Hof xf]Og ;fg' .

j]b/fh kf}8n
]
sxfF km'N5Gf\ v'zLx?, dgdf rf]6 k/]kl5
?Fbf] /}5 8fnL klg, km"n cf]OnL em/]kl5 ..
s;/L d afFr' oxfF, ;'v kfpFg] cfzf af]sL,
cfkm\gfn] g} lhGbuLdf, ljZjf;3ft u/]kl5 ..
5'6\of] ;fy b'O{ cfTdfsf], gbLsf b'O{ lsgf/f em}F ,
lgi7'/Ln] dnfO{ 5nL, PSn} h+3f/ t/]kl5 ..

g/]z e08f/L
kf6{L a}7sdf jf lrof k;ndf
a;df ofqf ubf{ jf k}bn ;8sdf
hf] hxfF e]l6G5 d ;f]lw/x]5'
cfkm\g} 3/ hfFbfhfFb} oL k}tfnf cs:dft\
lsg df]l8G5Gf\ d;fh ;]G6/sf] af6f]lt/
cfkm\g} kf6L{ sfof{no hfFbf klg cfhsn
lsg k'luG5 ;/f;/ ljkIfL bnsf] sfof{no
eoeLt nfU5 lsg cfkm\g} cg'xf/ ;Unf] P]gfdf
/ km'6fP/ lemSg dg nfU5 Ps 6'qmf ;L;f cfkm\gf nflu
tf ls lnP/ lxF8\g ;lsof];\ x/]s lbg vNtLdf / x]g{ ;lsof];\
dg nfu]sf] avt Ps 6'qmf cg'xf/ ;8sdf
hfGg' 5 of] ;a} ;a} s] ldn]sf] 5}g oxfF
lsg rlDsG5 lah'nL ;w}+ ;w}+ oxL 3/sf] w'/Ldf
x]bf{x]b{}sf] P]gf lsg rls{G5 r/Ss
/ b]lvG5 cfkm\g} cg'xf/ b'O{lt/
sxfF ldNb5 o;sf] pQ/ d af/Daf/ ;f]lw/x]5'
xf] sd/]8 d lstfa vf]lh/x]5'
===============================================================
g]kfndf lj=;+= @)^# kl5sf sfdrnfp ;/sf/df o:t} j}dG:otf oL
b'O{ ju{xaLr pTkGg ePsf pbfx/0f 5Gf\ . :j= lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfsf]
sfdrnfp dlGqd08nsf Pshgf dGqLn] cfkm" x6\g] s]xL lbgcl3 Ps
;+:yfgdf dxfk|aGws lgo'Qm ug{ vf]h]kl5 lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;l/s x'g'knf{
eGg] 8/n] ;lrjx sfof{no cfpg 5f]8] / dGqL cfkm}n] l6Kk0fL p7fO{
;b/ u/]sf] rrf{ To;a]nf ePsf] lyof] . To;kl5sf k|r08sf] sfdrnfp
;/sf/n] afn'jf6f/ 5f8\g] lbg Pshgf dGqLn] ;lrjxnfO{ k'gM cfkm"
dGqL ePdf ltdLxnfO{ a'N8f]h/ nufOlbG5' ;d]t eGg kl5 k/]gGf\ .
dfwjs'df/ g]kfn sfdrnfp ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ubf{ sd{rf/Lxn] ;xof]u
gu/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufpg] uy{] . ;/sf/df /xg]xdf cfkm\gf c;kmntfx
sd{rf/LtGqdfly yf]k/]/ cfkm" rf]vf] x'g vf]Hg] k|jl[ Q b]lvG5 . cfkm" g]tT[ j
lbg g;Sg] / bf]if hlt cnfO{ lbg' ;kmn /fhgLlt1sf] u'0f x'Fb} xf]Og .
cd]l/sL k"j{/fi6klt Xof/L 6\Dofgn] eg]sf lyP, lhDd]jf/L d]/f] 8]:sdf
/f]lsG5 . pgLaf6 xfd|f k|wfgdGqL / dGqLxn] l;Sg'k5{ .

b'uf{ k'mofn
;w}+ emu8f ul//xg] ef8fjfnn] 3/jfnfnfO{ Ps lbg laxfg lunf;df
b"w lbP5 . p;n] klg 3'6'3'6' lkP5 . clg 5Ss kb{} cln gd| 3/a]6Ln]
;f]w]5, xfd|f] ;w}+ emu8f x'G5 . cfh t laxfg}laxfg} b"wsf] Vjfpg' eof] .
lsg <
ef8fjfnn] eg]5, 3/a]6Laf klg cfh gfuk~rdL xf] . ToxL eP/
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/c sf] ;]km xfp;df ePsf] lyof] .
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z+sf 5}g . e/fO{nfO{ k|of]u ub}{ !@
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gofF lbNnLn] g] k fndfly o:tf]
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sf+ u | ] ; / Pdffn] s f] e| i 6 tyf
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eGg'df s'g} cltzof]lQm x'Fb}g .
cfGbf]ngsf] w/ftnsf] cWoog g}+ gu/L
sf+ u | ] ; Pdfn] s f g] t fx? kb /
k};fsfnflu b]znfO{ g}+ a]Rg] af6f]df
nfu] . ptf sf+ u | ] ; / Pdfn] s f]
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kb{5 .
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ef/tLo 9ndf kml;;s]sf 5g\ .

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clxn] dfcf]jfbL;Fu dfq afOan 5 .
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v'n:t x'G5 .
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b]zsf] cy{dGqL lyP . pgn] olt s/
p7fPsL To;sf] lx;favftf b]lvPg .
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eg] b'?kof]u ug{ klg TolQs} l;kfn'
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d} n ] Ps ;fKtflxs klqsfdf
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afa'/fdsf lj/4 ;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf
5g\ . Pdfn] s f emngfy
k| w fgdGqLaf6 c;kmn eP/
nv]l6Pkl5 g]kfnL sf+u|];af6 /
dfcff]jfbLaf6 e/fO{nfO{ k|wfgdGqL
agfpg vf]lhPsf] cj:yfdf Ps xKtf
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Ps n]vdf eg]sf] lyPF afa'/fd
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la;]/{ b]zsf] kl/l:yltsf] cWoog g}+
gu/L b]zeQm /fhf 1fg]Gb|nfO{ o;f]
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ef/tn] klg cfkm" c;'/lIft aGg]
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kx/]bf/ ;+:yf g}+ /x]5 eGg] s'/f clxn]
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ljb]zLx?n] of] e"lddf bfO{F ug]{ h'g
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nv]6\g' kb{5 . o;/L ljb]zLx?sf]
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nufot xfdL ;a} kf6L{leq / aflx/sf
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ef/tsf k"jc
{ y{dGqL k|0fj d'vhL{n] Ps eJo ;df/f]xaLr a'waf/ ef/tsf]
/fi6klt kbsf] ;kyu|x0f ub}{ ul/aLsf] 8/nfUbf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ cfXjfg
ug'{eof] . ef/tdf /fi6klt kbnfO{ d'Vokdf cf}krfl/s kbsf] kdf
lnOG5 t/ klg /fi6klt d'vhL{n] ef/tnfO{ xfn}sf cfly{s ljsf;aLr kl5
k/]sf s/f]8f}F ul/a hgtfsf] afwf x6fpg] s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg cfu|x
ug'{eof] . 5oxQ/ jifL{o d'vhL{ ;kyu|x0f ;df/f]xdf 3f]8r8Lsf] ;d"xaLr
cfOk'Ug'eof] / pxfFnfO{ ;]gfn] ;Ddfg k|bfg uof] . PSsfO; tf]ksf] ;nfdL
k|fKt ug'{ePkl5 d'vhL{n] ;f+;bxnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ cfw'lgs ef/tsf]
zAbsf]zaf6 ul/aL eGg] zAb d]6fpg cfu|x ug'e
{ of] . ;fy} pxfFn] ;dfgtfsf
nflu k|of; ug{ klg cfu|x ug'{eof] . ef]sf] x'g'eGbf a9L s'g} klg Unflg
tyf b'Jo{jxf/ x'g;Sb}g . r'lxP/ tn emg]{ l;4fGt -l6sn 8fpg lyol/h_
n] ul/a hgtfsf] j}w cfsfFIffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sb}g . tNnf] txdf
/x]sfnfO{ xfdLn] dfly Nofpg} k5{, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . pxfFn] e|i6frf/n]
d'n'ssf] k|ultsf] dgf]l:yltnfO{ bafpg] ePsfn] ef/tn] e|i6frf/nfO{
cfkm\gf] k|ultnfO{ ckx/0f ug{ lbggx'g]df hf]8 lbg'eof] . d'vhL{ sfFu|];
kf6L{sf tkm{af6 /fi6klt kbsf nflu pDd]bjf/ x'g'x'GYof] / pxfFn] /fli6o
tyf /fHo:t/Lo ;f+;bxdWo] ^( k|ltztsf] dt k|fKt u/L ljhoL x'ge
' of] .
ef/tsf] ;+ljwfgcg';f/ k|wfgdGqLn] sfo{sf/L k|d'vsf] clwsf/ k|of]u
ug'x{ G' 5 t/ /fi6kltn] s]xL ljw]os k'gMljrf/sf nflu lkmtf{ k7fpg;Sg'xG' 5
/ ;/sf/ u7gsf k|lqmofdf lgb]{zssf] e"ldsf v]Ng;Sg'x'G5 . ef/tdf
;g\ @)!$ df csf]{ cfdlgjf{rg x'g]ePsf] 5 . /fi6klt d'vhL{ jftf{sf/sf]
Ifljsf nflu kf6L{xaLr klg Vofltk|fKt x'g'x'G5 .

cf]nlDks M nG8gdf km'6an cf/De

nG8g;g\ @)!@ sf] nG8g cf]nlDkssf] v]ndWo] dlxnf km'6an v]n
pb\3f6g ;df/f]xeGbf b'O{ lbg cufl8 nG8gdf cf/De ePsf] 5 . o;aLr
v]nf8Lx? a]nfot lelqg yfn]sf 5g\ eg] cfof]hsx?n] pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{
clGtd k lbFb}5g\ . :yfgLo ;do cg';f/ ck/fGx $M)) ah] lg0ff{osn]
l;6L ahfP/ v]n cf/De ug'e
{ of] / sfl8{kmsf] ldn]lgod /\uzfnfdf a]nfot
tyf Go' lhNofG8sf v]nf8Ln] cfkm\gf] le8Gt cf/De u/] . pGgfO; lbg;Dd
rNg] of] v]ndxf]T;jnfO{ ljZjsf caf}F{ hgtfn] x]g{] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . lxy|f]
ljdfg:yndf a'waf/ tLg xhf/ ;ft ;o v]nf8L, k|lzIfs, clwsf/L tyf
cfd;~rf/sdL{ cfOk'Ug] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} ;do cf}Bf]lus If]qsf]
kdf /x]sf] jt{dfg cf]nlDks ufpF tyf kfs{df v]nf8Lx?sf] eL8 b]Vg
yflnPsf] 5 . o;aLr :nd8u ldlng]o/ sf lgb]{zs 8\ofgL af]onn] !)
xhf/ ;xefuLsf ;fy z'qmaf/ pb\3f6g ;df/f]xnfO{ l;\ufg'x{ g' ] ck]Iff ul/Psf]
5 . a]Olhdf eJo ;df/f]xsf sf/0f nG8g cf]nlDks pb\3f6g ;df/f]xsf]
k|foM s'/f uf]Ko /flvPsf] 5 . ;a}n] o; ;df/f]xdf ufO{ tyf e]8f tyf ;/
kfpn Dofsf6{gL tyf 8]le8 a]sdsf :jk k|:t't x'g] cg'dfg u/]sf 5g\ .

clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu cfu|x

Dofgdf/sL k|hftGqjfbL g]qL cf ;fg ;'sLn] ToxfF /x]sf cNk;\Vos
/ cflbjf;Lx?sf] clwsf/ /Iffsf nflu Dofgdf/sf] ;/sf/;Fu cfu|x ug'e
{ Psf]
5 . Dofgdf/sf] ;+;bdf ;Daf]wg ub{} g]qL ;'sLn] ToxfF /x]sf cNk;\Vof /
hghfltx?sf clwsf/sf] /Iffsf nflu ;+;b / ;/s/sf] Wofgfsif{0f
u/fpg'ePsf] xf] . Dofgdf/sf] ;+;bdf k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf] g]tfsf ?kdf
pxfFn] cfh klxnf] k6s of] P]ltxfl;s ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] xf] . jf:tjd}
k|hftGqjfbL x'gsf nflu ;a} hflt / ;d'bfo Pjd\ cNk;\Vosx?sf] klg
clwsf/sf] /Iff / ;Ddfg ug'{k5{, To;}n] b]zsf ;a} If]q / ju{sf ;d'bfo /
gful/ssf] ;Ddfgsf nflu d ;a} ;f+;bx?nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
o;}jif{sf] clk|n dlxgfdf Dofgdf/sf] ;/sf/n] u/]sf] /fhgLlts ;'wf/ /
To;kl5sf] cfd lgjf{rgsf qmddf g]qL ;'sL klg Dofgdf/sf] ;+;b ;b:odf
ljhoL x'g'ePsf] xf] . pxfF xfn Dofgdf/sf] ;+;bdf k|d'v k|ltkIfL bnsf]
g]tfsf ?kdf /xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfF Dofgdf/sf] ;+;bdf xfn} k|jz
] dfq ug'e
{ Psf]
lyof] t/ ;Daf]wg eg] ug'{ePsf] lyPg . ;g\ !(() df Dofgdf/sf] ;+;bLo
lgjf{rgdf pxfFsf] bn g];gn lnu km/ 8]df]qm];Ln] cTolws ax'dt k|fKt
u/]kl5 pxfFnfO{ Dofgdf/sf] ;}lgs ;/sf/n] h]n xfn]sf] lyof] . To;kl5
pxfFnfO{ sl/a b'O{ bzs;Dd Dofgdf/sf] ;}lgs ;/sf/n] h]n / gh/aGbdf
/fv]sf] lyof] . ut jif{dfq pxfFnfO{ h]nd'Qm ul/Psf] xf] . h]naf6 d'Qm
ePnuQ} ^& jifL{of g]qL ;'sLnfO{ ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] ljb]z e|d0fsf] cg'dlt
lbPsf] lyof] . pxfF ut d] dlxgfdf klxnf] e|d0fsf ?kdf l5d]sL d'n's
yfONofG8 / To;kl5 o'/f]ksf] e|d0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] . gf]j]n zflGt
k'/:sf/ ljh]tf ljZjk|l;4 g]qL ;'sLnfO{ cd]l/sfn] cfufdL dlxgf ljz]if
;Ddfg lbg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . pxfFnfO{ o'/f]ksf ljleGg d'n'sn] klg
o:tf] ;Dffg k|bfg ul/;s]sf 5g\ .

3fts xltof/ k|of]usf] cfz\sf

l;l/ofsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] ;x/ cn]Kkf]df uP/flt ;/sf/L ;]gfn] adaf/L /
cfqmd0f u/]sf] ToxfFaf6 dfgjclwsf/jfbLx?n] hgfPsf 5g\ . ;f] ;x/df
cfGbf]ngsf/Lx? /x]]sf] cfz\sfdf ;/sf/L ;]gfn] g} ljleGg zlQmzfnL
xltof/af6 cfqmd0f /fte/ hf/L g} /fv]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;f] cfqmd0faf6
ePsf] xtfxltsf] ljj/0f cfOg;s]sf] eP klg To;af6 7"nf] hgwgsf] Iflt
ePsf] cg' d fg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] If] q df clwsf/Lx?n] kqsf/ /
clwsf/jfbLx?nfO{ hfg k|ltaGw nufPsf 5g\ . cfh laxfg klg ;f] If]qdf
cfqmd0f hf/L g} /x]sf] / o;af6 sfnf] d':nf]x? lgl:sPsf] ;~rf/dfWodx?n]
hgfPsf 5g\ . tL cfqmd0fdf ;/sf/L ;]gfn] 3fts xltof/sf] k|of]u u/]sf]
atfPsf 5g\ . t/ clwsf/jfbLx?n] ;f] cfz\sfsf] k'li6 x'geg] afFsL g}
/x]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . lxhf]dfq klg o:tf xltof/sf] k|of]u gug{ cd]l/sL
/fi6klt af/fs cf]afdf;lxt ljZjsf g]tfx?n] l;l/ofnL /fi6klt a;f/
cn c;fbnfO{ r]tfjfgL lbPsf lyP . l;l/ofsf ljut sl/a !& dlxgfb]lv
hf/L /x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf sDtLdf klg !( xhf/ gful/ssf] Hofg
uPsf] atfOPsf] 5 . To;df ;/sf/L ;'/IffsdL{ klg 7"nf] ;\Vofdf dfl/Psf
5g\ . l;l/ofdf hf/L cfGbf]ngsf] ko{jI] f0f ul//x]sf] ;+:yf l;l/og cAh/e]6/L
km/ Xo'dg /fO6\;n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] tYof\scg';f/ /fi6klt a;f/ cn
c;fb lj?4 hf/L ;f] cfGbf]ngsf qmddf !( xhf/sf] Hofg uPsf] xf] .

ljlrqsf] ;+;f/

s's/' n] la/fnf] kfof]

s's'/n] s's'/ g} hGdfpF5 / la/fnf]n] la/fnf] g} hGdfpF5 t/ blIf0f
sf]l/ofdf eg] Pp6f s's'/n] la/fnf] hGdfPsf] 5 . h]cf] Kof] gfd u/]sf
JolQmn] 3/df kfn]sf] s's'gL{n]
la/fnf]sf] aRrf hGdfPkl5 ;a}
cfZro{df k/]sf x'Gf\ . s's'/n]
hGdfPsf] pQm la/fnf]sf] kf7f] x]g{
pgsf] 3/df dfG5]sf] hfqf g} nfu]sf]
5 . s]xL lbg cl3 ;'Ts]/L ePsL
pQm s'sg' L{n] ^ j6f aRrf hGdfO{ .
tLdWo] kfFr j6f ;fdfGo s's'/sf
5fp/f lyP t/ Pp6f eg] 7\ofSs}
la/fnf]sf] aRrf h:tf] 5 . h]cf]n]
cfkm\gf] s's'gL{n] la/fnf]sf] aRrf
hGdfpg' 7"nf] rdTsf/ ePsf]
atfPsf 5Gf\ . la/fnf] kfPsf]
elgPsf] pgsf] s's'/ / To;sf
aRrfx?sf] klxnf] va/ t:jL/;lxt sf]l/of x]/fN8 klqsfdf 5flkPkl5 of]
va/n] ;g;gL g} km}nfPsf] 5 . t:jL/df b]lvP cg';f/ kfFr j6f 5fp/f ;fdfGo
/+u / agfa6sf eP klg Pp6f emfn]dfn] /sf] 7\ofSs} la/fnf]sf] Gofp/f] h:tf]
5 . pQm Gofp/f]n] hlGdFbf lalQs} la/fnf]sf] h:tf] \of/\of/ cfjfh lgsfn]sf]
h]cf]sf] egfO 5 . s'sg' L{sf wgLn] cfkm\gf] s'sg' L{n] la/fnf] kfPsf] egL bfaL ub{}
t:jL/ ;d]t b]vfP klg j}1flgsx? eg] s'sg' L{n] la/fnf] kfpg g;Sg] bfaL
u5{Gf\ . To;}n] s's/' sf] pQm aRrf la/fnf] x'g} g;Sg] / Tof] la/fnf] h:t} lhp8fn
ePsf] s's/' s} 5fp/f] /x]sf] j}1flgsx?sf] egfO 5 . :d/0f /xf]:f\ s]xL jif{cl3
rLgdf s's/' n] la/fnf] kfPsf] va/ ;fj{hlgs ePsf] lyof] eg] a|flhndf la/fnf]n]
s's/' kfPsf] elgPsf] lyof] .

/]vfsf 5f]6f sk8f x/fP

gflosf /] v f yfkf clxn]
hLjg;fyLsf] vf] h Ldf l5Gf\ .
jf:tlas hLjgdf ;d]t hLjg;fyL
g} vf]lh/x]sf] vj/ cfO/x]sf a]nf
gflosf yfkfn] Ps rnlrqdf klg
o:t} e"ldsfdf clego u/]sL l5Gf\ .
ebf}df l/nLh ldlt tf]s]/ clGtd
;dodf ;fl/Psf] rnlrq d]/f] hLjg
;fyL df pgn] hLjg ;fyLsf] vf]hL
u/]sL x'Gf\ . cGo rnlrqdf eGbf
/] v f of] rnlrqdf s] x L km/s
e"ldsfdf b]lvPsL l5Gf\ . 5f]6f sk8f
nufP/ c+u k|bz{gL ug{ dflx/
dflgPsL /]vfnfO{ of] rnlrqdf leq
eg] ;fwf/0f ufpFn] o'jtLsf] e"ldsfdf
b]Vg kfOg]5 . lbjfs/ e/fO{sf]
lgb{z
] gdf tof/ ePsf] rnlrq d]/f]
hLjg;fyL df gflosf ;'idf sfsL{n]
x6 b[Zo lbPsL l5Gf\ eg] /]vf ;fwf/0f
e"ldsfdf /x]sL l5Gf\ . of] rnlrq
ca d+l;/ dlxgfdf dfq l/nLhdf
cfpg] atfOPsf] 5 . rnlrqleq
/]vfsf cnjf /fh]z xdfn, /]z

dx/f, /flugL v8\uL, ;'idf

sfsL{ nufotsf snfsf/sf]
clego /x]sf] 5 .\ 5f]6f sk8f
nufP/ xndf bz{ssf] /fd|}
l;L kfpg] /]vfn] rnlrq
Ozf/fdf klg cfkm\ g f]
e"ldsfnfO{ s]xL km/s agfPsf]
b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;lj/ >]i7sf]
lgb{]zgdf tof/ ePsf] of]
rnlrq ebf}sf] * ut]af6
l/nLhdf cfpg] jtfOPsf] 5 .
rnlrqdf gflosf yfkf
jlsnsf] e"ldsfdf /x]sL l5Gf\ .
jlsnn] nufpg] sfnf]
klx/gdf ;lhPsL /]vfnfO{
kbf{df x]bf{ leGg nfUg] lgb{z
] s
>]i7n] jtfPsf 5Gf\ . gflosf
/]vf yfkf rnlrq /fj0f df
klg ;Ltfsf] e"ldsfdf /x]sL lyOg\ .
hxfF, pgsf] c+u / UNofd/ x]g{
kfOPsf] lyPg . o:t}, Zofd e/fO{sf]
lgb{]zgdf tof/ ePsf] rnlrq
n\sfdf klg /]vfsf] e"ldsf km/s

:jf:gLsf] of]gLdf $ jif{ tfnf

ef/tsf] dWok|b]zl:yt OGbf}/ lhNnfdf Ps cgf}7f] 36gf ePsf] 5 .
ToxfFsf Ps hgf k'?ifn] cfkm\gL kTgLsf] u'Ktf+udf nuftf/ $ jif{;Dd
tfnfrfFaL df/]sf] 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 ;a} cfZro{df k/]sf x'Gf\ . k]zfn]
d]sflgS; /x]sf #* jif{sf ;f]xgnfn rf}xfgn] cfkm\g} kTgLsf] of]gLdf tfnfrfFaL
df/]sf] 36gf tadfq ;fj{hlgs eof] ha tL dlxnfn] cfTdxTof ug{] k|of;
ul/Gf\ . cfkm"n] >LdtLsf] rfnf 7Ls gb]v]/ of}gf+udf tfnf 7f]lslbPsf]
;f]xgnfn atfpF5Gf\ . tL kLl8t dlxnfsf cg';f/ ;Gf\ @))* b]lv pgsf]
u'Ktf+udf b'O6f tfnf
em'l08Psf] em'l08O 5Gf\ .
$ jif{cl3 Ps lbg
cs:dft nf] U g] n ]
cfkm"nfO{ gzfn' kbfy{
v'jfP/ of]gLsf] aflx/L
5fnfdf rf/j6f Kjfn
kfl/lbPsf] / To;kl5
x/]s lbg nf]Ug] sfddf
hfFbf ;f]xL Kjfnaf6
tfnf 7f]lslbg] u/]sf]
pgn] atfOg\ . nf]Ug]n]
pgsf] of]gLsf] tfnf
7f]lslbP/ rfFaL cfkm\g}
aunLdf /fVbf]/x]5 .
nf]Ug]sf] o:tf] lx+;faf6
kLl8t eP/ ;LtfafO{n]
xfn} cfTdxTofsf] k|of;
ul/Gf\ t/ pgnfO{
:yfgLo dflg;n]
tTsfn} c:ktfndf
k'ofP/ arfP . c:ktfndf pkrf/sf] qmddf pgsf] of}gf+udf b'Oj6f
rfFaL km]nf k/]sf x'Gf\ . To;kl5 ;f]xgnfnnfO{ klqmP/ pgsf] ;fyaf6
tL rfFaLsf ;fFrf] a/fdb ul/of] / of]gLdf nufOPsf tfnf vf]lnof] .
k|x/Ln] ;f]xgnfnsf] ;fyaf6 :jf:gLsf] of]gLdf Kjfn kfg{ k|of]u u/]sf]
l;of] klg a/fdb u/]sf] 5 .

5 . k|x/Lsf] e"ldsf b]lvPsL /]vfn]

o;df klg cfkm\gf] 5f]6f sk8f
nufPsL 5}gGf\ . clwsf+z rnlrqdf
leq c+uk|bz{g ug{ dflx/ dflgPsL
oL gflosfn] ca cfkm\gf] 5f]6f sk8f

yGsfP/ e" l dsf / u] 6 cknfO{

kl/jt{g u/]sf] c8\sn sf6\g ;lsG5
t/ ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf eg] /]vfn]
cfkm\gf] 5f]6f] sk8f nufpg] afgL
5f]8]sL 5}gGf\ .

km"n;u gbfh, h"g;u gbfsh

hlt 5f]6f] :s6{ plt w]/} 5'6

xfdLsxfF ljleGg sDkgLx?n] cfkm"n] u/]sf pTkfbgx?df aDk/ pkxf/sf]
of]hgf NofP/ pkef]Qmf cfslift{ u5{Gf\ . rLgsf] Ps kfs{n] eg] Ps cgf}7f]
pkxf/ of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/L cfuGt'snfO{ cfslift{ ug{] dfq xf]Og rrf{ /
ljjfb b'a} l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . blIf0fL Ujf+uhL h'cf+udf /x]sf] P8e]Gr/
kfs{n] ldgL :s6{ nufP/ cfpg] dlxnfx?nfO{ kfs{ k|j]zsf] l6s6df %)
k|ltzt 5'6 lbg] of]hgf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . kfs{sf] pQm 3f]if0ff;Fu} ToxfF
5f]6f]eGbf 5f]6f] :s6{ nufP/
cfpg] t?gLx?sf] le8 g} nfUg
yfn]sf] 5 . tyflk kfs{sf] of]
sbdsf] rf}tkmL{ cfnf]rgf x'g
nfu]sf] 5 . ToxfFl:yt u'Olng
Dofl/Nof08 l/;f]6{df kl5Nnf]
b'O{ dlxgfb]lv rln/x]sf] ldlg
:s6{nfO{ dfof u/f}F gfdsf]
cleofgdf dlxnfx?nfO{ o:tf]
;'ljwf k|fKt ePsf] xf] . h;
cg';f/ #* ;]G6Lld6/ jf ;f]
eGbf 5f]6f :s6{ nufP/ ToxfF
cfpg] dlxnfnfO{ kfs{ k|jz
]
z'Nsdf %) k|ltzt 5'6 lbOPsf] 5 . kfs{sf] u]6df x'g] Ps dlxnfn]
dlxnfsf] :s6{sf] nDafO hfFRg] / csL{ dlxnfn] ;f]xL cg';f/ l6s6 a]Rg]
u/]sf 5Gf\ . o;/L 5f]6f] :s6{ nufpg]n] %% o'cfgdf l6s6 kfpg] u/]sf
5Gf\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/tf b]vfpg k|fT] ;fxg ug{sfnflu o:tf] of]hgf
NofOPsf] kfs{sf clwsf/L atfpF5Gf\ . To; kfs{df ldgL :s6{ cleofg;Fu} hn
dxf]T;j klg ul/Psf] 5 hxfF ldgL :s6{ nufPsf dlxnfx? Ps csf{df kfgL
5\ofFkf5\ofFk ug{ ;S5Gf\ t/ kfs{sf] pQm cleofgk|lt Ujf+uhL If]qsf afl;Gbf
eg] qm'4 5Gf\ . gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] kfs{n] o:tf] cZnLn tyf 3l6of tl/sf
ckgfPsf] pgLx?sf] cf/f]k 5 .

gof ljdz{ &

dgf]/~hg

@)^( ;fpg !@ ut] z'qmaf/

/fv] k'U5 dnfO{, ltd|f] d'6' dfem

clxn]sL rlr{t uflosf /lhgf
l/dfn zlgaf/ a]ns
' L sf7df8f}s
+ f] Ps

:6'l8of]df oxL zAb u'gu'gfpFb}

lyOg\ . pgn] lgsfNg nfu]sf] bf]>f]
PNaddf ;dfj]z PNadsfnflu

OG6/g]6df cknf]8
ePsf] klxnf] t:jL/
ljZjdf OG6/g]6df cknf]8 ePsf] klxnf] t:jL/ s'g xf]nf < jf:tjdf
;a}sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo aGg ;S5 . cem rf;f]sf] ljifo slt jif{ klxn] ljZjdf
klxnf]k6s OG6/g]6df t:jL/ cknf]8 ePsf] xf]nf < OG6/g]6sf] b'lgofFdf
clxn] lgs} 7"nf] ljsf; e}/x]sf] 5 / x/]s ;fwf/0f k|of]ustf{n] ljleGg
;fO6x?dfkm{t\ ;d]t cknf]8 ug{] t:jL/x? ;d]t u/L OG6/g]6df cknf]8
ul/Psf t:jL/ cgluGtL k'lu;s]sf 5Gf\ . OG6/g]6 hutdf olt w]/} rdTsf/
cfO;s]sf] 5 ls lgs} 5f]6f] ;do klg klg sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] ;fdu|Lx?
cknf]8 e};s]sf 5Gf\ / ljZj g} lgs} glhs ag]sf] 5 t/ jf:tjdf OG6/g]6df
klxnf]k6s t:jL/ cknf]8 ePsf] @) jif{ dfq k'u]sf] 5 . ;g\ !((@ sf] !*
h'nfOsf lbg ljZjdf klxnf]k6s OG6/g]6df t:jL/ cknf]8 ePsf] lyof] .
8An' 8An' 8An' cyf{Tf\ a]jsf] lgdf{0fdf h'6]sf l:j6\h/Nof08sf] h]g]efl:yt
;g{ k|of]uzfnfsf j}1flgs OG6/g]6df t:jL/ cknf]8 ug{ ;Ifd ePsf
lyP . j]asf hGdbftf l6d afG;{ nLn] !* h'nfO{ ;Gf\ !((@ df cknf]8
u/]sf lyP / o;/L klxnf] k6s OG6/g]6df cfkm\gf] t:jL/ cknf]8 u/fP/

pgL uLt ufpg Jo:t ePsL x'g\ .

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lgb{z
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o;kl5 y' k | } rnlrqsf uLtdf
cfkm\gf] cfjfh lbO;s]sL l5Gf\ . pgn]
ahf/df NofPsf] klxnf] PNad k/L
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to geP klg /lhgf g} x'g;Sg] pgsf]

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g/]zsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 . uLt Pp6f
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pkl:ylt hgfpg / :6]hsf] nf]edf
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rnlrq lgb{z
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eGg g;lsg] atfPsf 5Gf\ . /fi6 a}+ssf ;xfos lgb{]zs;d]t /x]sf b]phf
d'gfdbg nufot rlr{t rnlrqsf lgb{z
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pgL tgfadf lyP . h'jfsf sf/0f kfl/jfl/s tgfa a9]sf] / l8k|;;
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w'j
fdf cfo{g / lgzf

efUodfgL ag]sf] lyof] rlr{t ;f+uLlts Aof08 n]; xl/aN; ;g{]6 . ;g{s}
sd{rf/Ln] :yfkgf u/]sf] pQm ;f+uLlts Aof08sf dlxnf ;b:ox?sf] t:jL/
lyof] Tof] . nLn] a]j;fO6sf] lgdf{0f ;kmn eP gePsf] k/LIf0f ug{ pQm
t:jL/ cknf]8 u/] / ;kmn klg eP . :d/0f /xf]:f\ OG6/g]6df klxnf]k6s
t:jL/ cknf]8 ePsf] @) jif{ k'u]sf] cj;/df pQm Aof08n] xfn} h]g]efdf
cfkm\gf] clGtd ;f+uLlts sfo{qmd klg u/]sf] 5 . ;Gf\ ^) sf] bzsdf
rlr{t /x]sf] pQm dlxnf Aof08sf] ;+uLt;Fu} ljZjdf ;"rgfk|ljlwsf] ljsf;df
klg of]ubfg /x]sf] atfOG5 .

ebf} @@ ut]af6 sf7df8f} / @( ut]af6 sf7df8f}aflx/ k|bz{gdf

cfpg nfu]sf] rnlrq w'jF fsf] km:6 n's ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 5 hxfF w'jfleq
snfsf/x? pl8/x]sf] b]Vg
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u/]sf] of] rnlrqsf] km:6
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lrGg d'l:sn k5{ . cfd
g]kfnL rnlrqsf] kf]i6/eGbf
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kf] i 6/n] klg bz{ s nfO{
nf]Eofpg ;S5 . /fdk|;fb
l/hfnsf] lgdf{0fdf nId0f
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rnlrqnfO{ cfo{ g sf]
sl/c/s} 6lg{ kf] O G6
elgPsf] 5 .