TV Exposes Brutality on the Selma March: 4D An Augmented Reading Experience
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About this ebook
Danielle Smith-Llera
Danielle Smith-Llera grew up in coastal Virginia, hearing unforgettable tales about her Mexican and Irish ancestors. She first moved overseas to teach in international schools in Hungary and Brazil. Life in the U.S. Foreign Service has taken her around the world to live in India, Jamaica, Romania, Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Washington, DC. She loves sharing stories—fiction, nonfiction, and a mixture of both—in classrooms, museum exhibits, and, of course, books.
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TV Exposes Brutality on the Selma March - Danielle Smith-Llera
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover
Title Page
Chapter One:All Eyes on the Bridge
Chapter Two:Marches Made for Television
Chapter Three:Watching from Home, Taking Sides
Chapter Four:Montgomery at Last
Timeline
Glossary
Additional Resources
Source Notes
Select Bibliography
Index
About the Author
Copyright
Back Cover
Chapter One
All Eyes on the Bridge
Around 48 million Americans were wrapping up their weekend on Sunday night, March 7, 1965, by watching an award-winning movie on ABC TV. But at 9:30 p.m. Eastern Standard Time the evening took an unexpected turn. News anchor Frank Reynolds interrupted the movie with a news broadcast. ABC network executives had decided this news could not wait. It was considered as important as the assassination of a president or a space launch, both of which had interrupted television programming in recent years. Reynolds briefly introduced an event that took place in Selma, a small town in central Alabama, earlier that day. Viewers then watched 15 minutes of footage that left them stunned.
Hours earlier, a quiet scene had unfolded on a cool spring day in Selma. Two men stepped onto a steel bridge, walking side by side along the narrow walkway, their hands tucked into the pockets of their buttoned coats. Below them, the Alabama River flowed in its zigzagging path between Selma and the state capital of Montgomery. But black activists Hosea Williams and John Lewis were not on a lazy weekend stroll this Sunday afternoon. They were headed to Montgomery. The Edmund Pettus Bridge and then Interstate 80 could get cars and buses there in about an hour. But the men had an astonishing plan. They would travel the 54 miles (87 kilometers) on foot—a journey that would take days.
TV viewers saw scenes such as this one—two marchers holding up another brutally injured in the police attack at the Edmund Pettus Bridge.
Television crews and cameras waited at the other end of the arched bridge to capture this unusual event—particularly since, behind Williams and Lewis, an orderly column of about 600 people was also headed toward Montgomery. Lewis later recalled the unnatural quiet of the massive procession moving in two single-file lines. Black men, women, and children as young as 8 years old from Selma and the surrounding Dallas County marched up the steep bridge. There was no singing, no shouting— just the sound of scuffling feet … the marching feet of a determined people. That was the only sound you could hear,
¹ recalled Lewis. But their calm faces masked rage. It had been a century since the 13th constitutional amendment had outlawed slavery, yet many black citizens found they still did not enjoy the same rights as white citizens. It had been a decade since the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed the segregation of black people from white people in public schools—yet some schools still resisted admitting black students. It had been a year since the Supreme Court outlawed segregation in all public places, but black citizens felt that the greatest right of all was still out of reach.
In Selma and across the South, black citizens were blocked from participating in the nation’s democracy. Half of Dallas County’s 30,000 residents were black, but just 4 percent of them were registered to vote. When they went to Selma’s courthouse to register, black residents were usually ignored and left to wait for hours. If they were eventually called up to the registrar’s desk, they had to take a literacy test. But they were not given the same easy tests as white applicants. The tests for black applicants ranged from overly complicated to outrageous. They might be asked