Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain
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About this ebook
- Contains 176 high-resolution color scans of Nissl-stained coronal sections of the brain and skull of the fetal (E17.5), day-of-birth (P0), and day-six postnatal mouse (P6)
- Includes diagrams that delineate all structures of the brain, as well as peripheral nerves, ganglia, muscles, bones, veins and arteries of the head
- Presents approximately 5000 corrections and updates from the first edition
- Includes color codes of the veins, arteries, nerves and ganglions of the skull in diagrams
George Paxinos
Professor Paxinos is the author of almost 50 books on the structure of the brain of humans and experimental animals, including The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, now in its 7th Edition, which is ranked by Thomson ISI as one of the 50 most cited items in the Web of Science. Dr. Paxinos paved the way for future neuroscience research by being the first to produce a three-dimensional (stereotaxic) framework for placement of electrodes and injections in the brain of experimental animals, which is now used as an international standard. He was a member of the first International Consortium for Brain Mapping, a UCLA based consortium that received the top ranking and was funded by the NIMH led Human Brain Project. Dr. Paxinos has been honored with more than nine distinguished awards throughout his years of research, including: The Warner Brown Memorial Prize (University of California at Berkeley, 1968), The Walter Burfitt Prize (1992), The Award for Excellence in Publishing in Medical Science (Assoc Amer Publishers, 1999), The Ramaciotti Medal for Excellence in Biomedical Research (2001), The Alexander von Humbolt Foundation Prize (Germany 2004), and more
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Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain - George Paxinos
Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain
at E17.5, P0, and P6
Second Edition
George Paxinos
Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales
Charles Watson
The University of Western Australia and Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales
Mustafa S. Kassem
Neuroscience Research Australia and The University of New South Wales
Glenda Halliday
University of Sydney
Table of Contents
Instructions for online access
Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface to the second edition
Reproduction of atlas figures in other publications
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Histology
Preparation of photographs and drawings
The construction of abbreviations in the Paxinos/Watson nomenclature
Identification of structures
Refernces
List of structures
Index of abbreviations
Figures
Copyright
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN: 978-0-12-818543-8
Publisher: Natalie Farra
Editorial Project Manager: Kathy Padilla
Production Project Manager: Andrew Riley
Designer: Alan Studholme
Printed in the USA
For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Dedication
We dedicate this book to Nicole Le Douarin, who led us into the study of brain development
Preface to the second edition
The period from just before birth to a week after birth is one in which enormous changes occur in the developing brain. Many researchers now use newborn or late prenatal mice in their studies of gene expression on the brain. We have constructed an atlas which presents anatomical features at three ages from E17.5 to P6 in the hope of meeting the needs of researchers in this area. In the thirteen years since the first edition of this book there have been significant advances our understanding of the development of the rodent brain. Studies of developmental gene expression have revealed previously suspected but unconfirmed aspects of forebrain and brainstem organization. The most important of these have been the studies on the prosomeric organization of the brain (Puelles and Rubenstein, 2015) accompanied by insights into the development of the insula and claustrum (Puelles, 2014; Watson and Puelles, 2017) and a detailed appropriation of the segmentation of the midbrain and hindbrain (Puelles E, et al.,2012; Watson, et al.,2017; Tomas-Roca et al 2016). We have thoroughly revised the diagrams, indeed we made over 5000 changes to them.
As in the first edition, we have relied on our accumulated knowledge of brain anatomy which we and our colleagues have published in recent years in the Atlas of the Developing Rat Nervous System, 4th Ed. (Paxinos and Ashwell, 2018), The Mouse Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 5th Ed. (Paxinos and Franklin 2019), The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 7th Ed. (Paxinos and Watson, 2014), The Mouse Nervous System (Watson et al., 2012), The Rat Nervous System, 4th Ed. (Paxinos, 2014), and The Chick Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates 2nd Ed. (Puelles et al., 2019).
We welcome comments and corrections from our readers. Your corrections will be to the benefit of the book and those who use it. Please write to us at g.paxinos@neura.edu.au and give us the reference on which you based your correction.
Reproduction of atlas figures in other publications
As authors, we are happy for you to reproduce any figure from the atlas in other publications, provided the atlas is cited. However, formal permission from the publisher should be sought directly on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions) or from Elsevier Global Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, email: permissions@elsevier.com.
How to cite this atlas
Paxinos G, Watson C, Kassem MS, Halliday G. Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain at E17.5, P0, and P6, Second Edition, Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, 2019.
Acknowledgements
We thank the talented staff of Academic Press, Natalie Farra and Andrew Riley. Yvette Paxinos (www.paxifilm.com) was responsible for the cover design. We thank Teri Furlong for help in colour design, and Maxwell Campbell for the index. This work was supported by NHMRC grants (APP1086083, APP1086643) and, in part, by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function (CE140100007) to George Paxinos. Glenda Halliday is a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow (1079679)
Introduction
This book is an atlas of brains of late fetal mice and newborn mice. The ages of E17.5, P0, and P6 were selected to serve the needs of researchers interested in the effects of gene manipulation and other early interventions on the late maturing brain, as well as those with general interests in the development of the brain. Most of the areas in the P6 and P0 atlases are delineated in nearly the same level of detail as our atlas of the adult mouse brain (Paxinos and Franklin, 2019).
The sections presented in the atlas (atlas plates) were stained with cresyl violet and were taken at relatively close intervals. The intervening sections (not shown) were stained with a variety of neuronal markers to assist with delineation. The atlas plates are images of 30 μm sections taken at 120 μm intervals. In many cases, the cresyl violet stain alone gives clear boundaries of nuclear structures, but in the E17.5 brain there was inadequate differentiation in areas such as the thalamus, and other stains proved more useful. Among the other markers we used, the most valuable was calbindin, which shows some nuclei with outstanding contrast. Calretinin was, as always, useful for identifying olfactory structures in the forebrain, but it also stained some structures in caudal parts of the brain. Tyrosine hydroxylase identified only the catecholamine cells bodies, with little terminal staining present especially at the earlier ages.
We have, as far as possible, drawn boundaries around the structures we have identified. Where there was insufficient evidence to draw a boundary, we have placed the abbreviation in what we believe to be the center of the structure identified. The boundaries of cell groups are indicated by dashed lines, the boundaries of fiber tracts are indicated by continuous lines, and the boundary of the pial surface of the brain by a thicker continuous line. The ventricular cavities are indicated by blue shading, arteries by red, nerves by yellow, and veins by indigo. Ganglia are identified by yellow polka-dots. Where ganglia and nerves are co-extensive, polka-dots were placed over yellow, to indicate the presence of both.
We have in some instances identified structures according to the neuromere from which they develop (e.g. p1PAG is the prosomere 1 part of the periaqueductal gray).