Aircraft Carrier Victorious: Detailed in the Original Builders' Plans
By David Hobbs
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Aircraft Carrier Victorious - David Hobbs
AIRCRAFT CARRIER
VICTORIOUS
Half title image: The badge for HMS Victorious is the figure of Nike, the classical winged Goddess of Victory holding aloft the laurel wreaths of triumph. The ship’s motto Per coelum et aequorum victrix translates as ‘Through air and sea victorious’.
Frontispiece:Part of the profile, as fitted, 1941. (M0625)
Copyright © Seaforth Publishing 2018
Plans copyright © National Maritime Museum, Greenwich 2018
This edition first published in Great Britain in 2018 by
Seaforth Publishing,
An imprint of Pen & Sword Books Ltd,
47 Church Street,
Barnsley
South Yorkshire S70 2AS
www.seaforthpublishing.com
Email: info@seaforthpublishing.com
Published in association with Royal Museums Greenwich,
the group name for the National Maritime Museum,
Cutty Sark, the Royal Observatory, and the Queen's House
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 978 1 5267 3734 2 (Hardback)
Mobi ISBN 978 1 5267 3736 6 (Kindle)
eISBN 978 1 5267 3735 9 (ePub)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing of both the copyright owner and the above publisher.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Design
Operating Aircraft
Loan to the US Navy
Wartime Modifications
DECK PLANS, AS FITTED, 1941
Bridge Structure, Navigating & Control Positions
Flight Deck
Upper and Lower Gallery Decks
Hangar Deck and Upper Deck
Main Deck and Lower Deck
Platform Deck and Hold
ENLARGED PROFILE AND SECTIONS, AS FITTED, 1941
Stern to Station 168¼
Station 168¼ to Station 161
Station 161to Station 150
Station 150 to Station 132
Station 132 to Station 119
Station 119 to Station 109
Station 109 to Station 92
Station 92 to Station 69
Station 69 to Station 52
Station 52 to Station 33
Station 33 to Station 15
Station 15 to Bow
ENLARGED DECKS, AS FITTED, 1941
Flight Deck
Upper Gallery Deck
Lower Gallery Deck
Hangar Deck
Upper Deck
GATEFOLD PLANS
Profile, as fitted, 1941
Profile, as fitted, 1958
Flight Deck, 1958
MODERNISATION
ENLARGED PROFILE AND SECTIONS, AS FITTED, 1958
Stern to Station 168
Station 168 to Station 145
Station 145 to Station 130
Station 130 to Station 105
Station 105 to Station 80
Station 80 to Station 65
Station 65 to Station 57
Station 57 to Station 40
Station 40 to Station 17
Station 17 to Bow
ENLARGED DECKS, AS FITTED, 1958
Island Decks
Flight Deck, Aft
Flight Deck, Forward
No 2 Deck, Aft
No 2 Deck, Forward
No 2 Deck, Aft
No 2 Deck, Forward
No 3 Deck, Aft
No 3 Deck, Forward
No 4 Deck, Aft
No 4 Deck, Forward
No 5 Deck, Aft
No 5 Deck, Forward
No 6 Deck, Aft
No 6 Deck, Forward
No 7 Deck, Aft
No 7 Deck, Forward
No 8 Deck, Aft
No 8 Deck, Forward
No 9 Deck, Aft
No 9 Deck, Forward
SKETCH OF RIG, AS FITTED, 1958
Starboard and Port Side Profiles
Plan
LATER REFITS
No 4 (Hangar) Deck, 1966
No 1 (Flight) Deck, 1966
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF PLANS
ORIGINAL DESIGN
The shortcomings of the Royal Navy’s first generation of aircraft carriers, most of them conversions from other types of vessel begun during the Great War, had been clearly appreciated by the early 1930s and design work on potential replacements begun. These reflected new generations of aircraft and more efficient means of operating them and, despite the delays imposed by various treaty restrictions and the financial crash, a single fleet carrier, Ark Royal , had been laid down in September 1935. In 1936 the quantitative limitation on carrier tonnage imposed by the Washington Treaty was to lapse and operational experience had been gained with the fleet deployments associated with the Abyssinian Crisis in 1935, but any further carriers would still have to be designed within the standard displacement of 23,000 tons agreed internationally at the London Naval Conference. By then the British Government had recognised that a simultaneous war against Germany, Italy and Japan was a distinct possibility and a major programme of re-armament was authorised. The warship construction programme authorised for 1936 included 2 aircraft carriers, 2 battleships and 7 cruisers but the Aircraft Carrier Section of Directorate of Naval Construction, DNC, under W A D Forbes was still heavily committed to preparing detailed drawings for Ark Royal , leaving little spare capacity for new design work.Therefore, forward plans in 1935 had assumed that the next fleet carriers would be improved repeats of Ark Royal together with several smaller trade protection carriers capable of embarking about 12 aircraft and intended to work with cruiser-led hunting groups. However, neither option was acceptable to Admiral Sir Reginald Henderson, Third Sea Lord and Controller who had, since 1934, been the Admiralty Board member responsible for new construction. Although he was not a pilot, he had commanded Furious and served as the first Rear Admiral Aircraft Carriers from 1931 to 1933.A staunch advocate of integrating aircraft into modern fleet operations, he had greater knowledge of both naval air warfare and practical carrier tactics than his Board colleagues.
He believed that war was inevitable and that aircraft carriers would have to operate in the confined waters of the Mediterranean and North Seas under enemy attack with little or no support from the RAF; but unlike battleships or cruisers their primary weapons, the aircraft, had no protection against battle damage. Henderson’s solution to this perceived failing was an armoured hangar and the ships that emerged under his forceful direction were referred to as ‘armoured carriers’. This was a loose term, however, because previous carriers, including Ark